valine profile

Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6287
CHEMBL ID	43068
CHEBI ID	16414
SCHEMBL ID	8516
MeSH ID	M0022497

Synonym
AKOS015841564
l-valin
CHEBI:16414 ,
(s)-valine
(2s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
l-(+)-alpha-aminoisovaleric acid
l-alpha-amino-beta-methylbutyric acid
l-valine (jp17)
D00039
valine (usp)
valinum [latin]
nsc 76038
2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid (van)
einecs 200-773-6
valine (van)
valina [spanish]
valine [usan:inn]
valina
valine, l-
butanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-
nsc-76038
inchi=1/c5h11no2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4h,6h2,1-2h3,(h,7,8)/t4-/m0/s
(s)-alpha-amino-beta-methylbutyric acid
butanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-, (s)-
l(+)-alpha-aminoisovaleric acid
2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, (s)-
2-amino-3-methylbutyric acid, (s)-
(s)-alpha-aminoisovaleric acid
(s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
(s)-2-amino-3-methylbutyric acid
alpha-aminoisovaleric acid
VAL ,
C00183
l-valine
72-18-4
valine
l-valine, from non-animal source, meets ep, jp, usp testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
l-valine, fcc
l-valine, reagent grade, >=98% (hplc)
1T4S
DB00161
V-1800
l-valine, bioultra, >=99.5% (nt)
1B39571B-0AE8-4A9A-AE80-4B898D11A981
CHEMBL43068
BMSE000052
V0014
l-2-aminoisovaleric acid
h-val-oh
unii-hg18b9yrs7
hg18b9yrs7 ,
ec 200-773-6
valinum
hsdb 7800
BMSE000811
BMSE000860
pharmakon1600-01301009
nsc760111
nsc-760111
l-(+)-a-aminoisovaleric acid
l-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
l-a-amino-b-methylbutyric acid
(s)-a-amino-b-methylbutyric acid
M02950
(s)-a-aminoisovaleric acid
l-valine [usp-rs]
lysine acetate impurity d [ep impurity]
valine [who-dd]
l-valine [fcc]
valine [usp monograph]
valine [hsdb]
l-valine [jan]
valine [mi]
valine [inci]
valine [usan]
valine [ep monograph]
valine [ii]
valine [vandf]
valine [inn]
valine [mart.]
S5628
gtpl4794
AM82363
SCHEMBL8516
3h-l-valine
NCGC00344520-01
(s)-2-amino-3-methyl-butyric acid
racemic valine
(+)-valine
l-val-oh
(l)-valine
l-iso-c3h7ch(nh2)cooh
Q-100919
(s)-?-aminoisovaleric acid
CS-W020706
l-valine;
F8889-8698
l-valine, cell culture reagent (h-l-val-oh)
l-valine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
l-valine, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
l-valine, saj special grade, >=98.5%
l-valine, 98.5-101.5%
valine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
l-valine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
l-valine, 99%
l-valine, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=98%
valine (l-valine)
l-valine, 99%, natural, fcc, fg
(s)-alpha-amino-beta-methylbutyrate
l-(+)-alpha-aminoisovalerate
(s)-2-amino-3-methyl-butanoic acid
l-alpha-amino-beta-methylbutyrate
(s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoate
(s)-a-amino-b-methylbutyrate
(s)-2-amino-3-methyl-butanoate
(s)-2-amino-3-methylbutyrate
2-amino-3-methylbutyrate
l-(+)-a-aminoisovalerate
l-a-amino-b-methylbutyrate
Q483752
HY-N0717
l-valine, dimer, meets the analytical specifications of usp
l-valine,(s)
2-aminoisovaleric acid,(s)
AS-12787
CCG-266067
(s)-val
l-val-4
s-valin
DTXSID40883233 ,
bdbm50463208
EN300-52625
(s)-(+)-2-amino-3-methylbutyric acid
valinum (latin)
dtxcid201022782
valine (ii)
valine (ep monograph)
valine (usp monograph)
valine (mart.)
Z756430564

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However the toxic effects could not be accounted for by the content of the two toxins measured."	( Differential cytotoxicity and mycotoxin content among isolates of Fusarium moniliforme. Bacon, CW; Norred, WP; Plattner, RD; Vesonder, RF, 1991)	0.28
" Adverse events included nausea, circumoral paresthesia, elevated hepatic aminotransferase levels, and elevated triglyceride levels."	( A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. European-Australian Collaborative Ritonavir Study Group. Bouza, E; Carr, A; Danner, SA; Gonzales, J; Gudiol, F; Lehman, LM; Leonard, JM; Pintado, V; Raventos, A; Rubio, R, 1995)	0.29
" At a concentration that was not toxic by itself, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate increased the toxicity of glutamate approximately fivefold and slowed the clearance of glutamate from the extracellular space."	( Inhibition of glutamate uptake with L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate potentiates glutamate toxicity in primary hippocampal cultures. Buchhalter, JR; Djali, S; Robinson, MB, 1993)	0.29
" There were no valaciclovir-related changes or abnormalities in safety parameters and no reports of serious adverse experiences in these elderly volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple-dose valaciclovir in geriatric volunteers with and without concomitant diuretic therapy. Blum, MR; Schultz, M; Smiley, ML; Wang, LH; Weller, S, 1996)	0.29
" Safety and tolerability variables included data on adverse experiences, rebound hypertension, and clinical laboratory evaluations."	( The efficacy and safety of valsartan compared with placebo in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Dyke, S; Fitzsimmons, S; Harris, F; Hester, A; James, D; Kief, J; Oparil, S, )	0.13
" Although acyclovir and its analogues are generally safe drugs, they should be used with caution in patients with end-stage renal disease."	( Neurotoxicity caused by valacyclovir in a patient on hemodialysis. Feith, GW; Linssen-Schuurmans, CD; Uges, DR; van Kan, EJ, 1998)	0.3
" The total number of patients with adverse experiences were 10 (45."	( Safety of the combination of valsartan and benazepril in patients with chronic renal disease. European Group for the Investigation of Valsartan in Chronic Renal Disease. Aldigier, JC; Botteri, F; Mann, JF; Oddou-Stock, P; Ponticelli, C; Ruilope, LM, 2000)	0.31
"These results indicate that short-term combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker is safe and well tolerated in patients with moderate chronic renal failure."	( Safety of the combination of valsartan and benazepril in patients with chronic renal disease. European Group for the Investigation of Valsartan in Chronic Renal Disease. Aldigier, JC; Botteri, F; Mann, JF; Oddou-Stock, P; Ponticelli, C; Ruilope, LM, 2000)	0.31
" The primary criterion for tolerability was the incidence of adverse experiences."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan compared with enalapril at different altitudes. Blanco, M; Botero, R; Del Portillo, H; María, E; Matiz, H; Orejarena, H; Velez, JR, 2000)	0.31
" Adverse events irrespective of relationship to trial drug were reported by 12 patients (18."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan compared with enalapril at different altitudes. Blanco, M; Botero, R; Del Portillo, H; María, E; Matiz, H; Orejarena, H; Velez, JR, 2000)	0.31
" Toxic events were recorded in 16 of 29 patients (55."	( Suicide gene therapy toxicity after multiple and repeat injections in patients with localized prostate cancer. Adler, HL; Aguilar-Cordova, E; Butler, EB; Herman, JR; Kadmon, D; Miles, BJ; Scardino, PT; Shalev, M; Teh, BS; Thompson, TC, 2000)	0.31
"Direct injection into the prostate of a replication defective adenovirus containing the HSV-tk gene followed by intravenous ganciclovir is safe even in repeat cycles."	( Suicide gene therapy toxicity after multiple and repeat injections in patients with localized prostate cancer. Adler, HL; Aguilar-Cordova, E; Butler, EB; Herman, JR; Kadmon, D; Miles, BJ; Scardino, PT; Shalev, M; Teh, BS; Thompson, TC, 2000)	0.31
" Tolerance was also assessed on the incidence and types of adverse effects and changes in laboratory parameters."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir and acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Cochener, B; Colin, J; Hoang-Xuan, T; Lescale, O; Prisant, O; Rolland, B, 2000)	0.31
" The most frequent adverse events were vomiting and edema of the eyelids or face (3%-5%)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir and acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Cochener, B; Colin, J; Hoang-Xuan, T; Lescale, O; Prisant, O; Rolland, B, 2000)	0.31
" There was no clinically significant difference in the nature, frequency or severity of adverse events between these two groups, although one and three adverse events were reported in the acyclovir and valaciclovir group, respectively."	( Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster. Chen, YS; Chiang, SC; Huang, CK; Lee, SS; Lin, HH; Lin, WR; Liu, YC; Tsai, HC; Wann, SR; Yen, MY, 2001)	0.31
" Intranasal ruprintrivir, administered as single doses of 4 and 8 mg or every 3 h, six times per day, for 7 days was safe and well tolerated."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of an antirhinoviral agent, ruprintrivir, in healthy volunteers. Gersten, M; Hsyu, PH; Kerr, BM; Penning, CA; Pithavala, YK, 2002)	0.31
" Fewer patients experienced adverse events in the valsartan group (50%) than in the enalapril group (63%), although statistically non-significant."	( Safety and efficacy of valsartan versus enalapril in heart failure patients. Gordon, A; Helmers, C; Löfdahl, P; Pantev, E; Rydberg, E; Willenheimer, R, 2002)	0.31
" Valaciclovir was well tolerated, with gastrointestinal disturbances and headache being the most common adverse effects in a small number of subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of valaciclovir in children with Epstein-Barr virus illness. Deeter, RG; Fish, DN; Simon, MW, 2002)	0.31
"The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is toxic to neuronal cells, and it is probable that this toxicity is responsible for the progressive cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease."	( Enhanced toxicity and cellular binding of a modified amyloid beta peptide with a methionine to valine substitution. Barnham, KJ; Bush, AI; Cappai, R; Carrington, D; Cherny, RA; Ciccotosto, GD; Curtain, CC; Masters, CL; Smith, D; Tew, D, 2004)	0.32
"We report a case in which the adverse fetal effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonist treatment was reversed."	( Fetal toxicity of valsartan and possible reversible adverse side effects. Berkane, N; Carlier, P; Heim, N; Mathieu, E; Uzan, S; Verstraete, L, 2004)	0.32
"Extracellular glutamate is kept below a toxic level by glial and neuronal glutamate transporters."	( Gliotoxicity in hippocampal cultures is induced by transportable, but not by nontransportable, glutamate uptake inhibitors. Cohen-Solal, C; de Jesus Ferreira, MC; Guiramand, J; Martin, A; Récasens, M; Vignes, M, 2005)	0.33
" The incidence of adverse events during both phases was comparably low and the results of laboratory tests were unremarkable."	( Efficacy and safety of combination therapy using high- or low-dose hydrochlorothiazide with valsartan or other Angiotensin-receptor blockers. Ansari, A; Fuenfstueck, R; Hempel, RD; Klebs, S; Weidinger, G, )	0.13
" It is concluded that the age-related changes in mtDNA and function are likely to be the consequence of a failure of macroautophagy in the recognition and disposal of a small number of severely injured mitochondria, and that easy and safe ways are available to counteract this change."	( Stimulation of macroautophagy can rescue older cells from 8-OHdG mtDNA accumulation: a safe and easy way to meet goals in the SENS agenda. Bergamini, E; Cavallini, G; Donati, A; Taddei, M, 2006)	0.33
" These results corroborate that long-term exposure to 5A2 inhibitors (chemoprevention) must be evaluated in terms of risk of prostate cancer adverse effects."	( Low-activity V89L variant in SRD5A2 is associated with aggressive prostate cancer risk: an explanation for the adverse effects observed in chemoprevention trials using 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Azzouzi, AR; Cancel-Tassin, G; Cormier, L; Cussenot, O; Fournier, G; Mangin, P; Nicolaiew, N; Valeri, A, 2007)	0.34
" Rates of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were similar in all groups."	( Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Fang, H; Oparil, S; Patel, S; Satlin, A; Yarows, SA; Zhang, J, 2007)	0.34
" Combination therapy was generally well-tolerated; the most commonly reported adverse events were headache (7."	( Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of aliskiren in combination with valsartan in patients with hypertension: a 6-month interim analysis. Chrysant, SG; Dattani, D; Hoppe, UC; Hsu, H; Murray, AV; Patel, S; Zhang, J, 2008)	0.35
" However, valsartan/amlodipine offered some advantages in terms of less pronounced BP orthostatic changes and absence of metabolic adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of two treatment combinations of hypertension in very elderly patients. Corradi, L; Derosa, G; Fogari, R; Lazzari, P; Mugellini, A; Preti, P; Zoppi, A, )	0.13
"The addition of an angiotensin II receptor blocker to calcium channel blocker-based antihypertensive therapy may be associated with enhanced efficacy and reduced risk of adverse events."	( Effective and safe reduction of blood pressure with the combination of amlodipine 5 mg and valsartan 160 mg in hypertensive patients not controlled by calcium channel blocker monotherapy. Ansari, A; Brachmann, J; Handrock, R; Klebs, S; Mahla, G, 2008)	0.35
" Adverse event rates were low in both treatment phases, and most were mild or moderate in severity."	( Effective and safe reduction of blood pressure with the combination of amlodipine 5 mg and valsartan 160 mg in hypertensive patients not controlled by calcium channel blocker monotherapy. Ansari, A; Brachmann, J; Handrock, R; Klebs, S; Mahla, G, 2008)	0.35
" The aim of this 2 A 5-week, open-label, multicenter, randomized cross-over study was to investigate whether valsartan (Val) 80 mg is as effective, safe and well-tolerated as irbesartan (Irb) 150 mg in patients with arterial hypertension on long-term hemodialysis."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of valsartan 80 mg compared to irbesartan 150 mg in hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis (VALID study). Baier, M; Bambauer, R; Handrock, R; Kirchertz, EJ; Leidig, M; Leinung, D; Schmieder, RE; Szabã, T, 2008)	0.35
" Secondary objectives were predialytic MSupDBP, adverse events (AEs), laboratory abnormalities, hypotension during and after dialysis and quality of life."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of valsartan 80 mg compared to irbesartan 150 mg in hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis (VALID study). Baier, M; Bambauer, R; Handrock, R; Kirchertz, EJ; Leidig, M; Leinung, D; Schmieder, RE; Szabã, T, 2008)	0.35
"Valsartan 80 mg is as effective, safe and well tolerated as irbesartan 150 mg in hypertensive patients on chronic hemodialysis."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of valsartan 80 mg compared to irbesartan 150 mg in hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis (VALID study). Baier, M; Bambauer, R; Handrock, R; Kirchertz, EJ; Leidig, M; Leinung, D; Schmieder, RE; Szabã, T, 2008)	0.35
"To evaluate the evidence for temporal reporting patterns, such as the Weber effect, in spontaneous post-marketing adverse event (AE) reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for four members of the angiotensin II receptor blockers drug class (ARBs)."	( Identifying patterns of adverse event reporting for four members of the angiotensin II receptor blockers class of drugs: revisiting the Weber effect. Dal Pan, GJ; Governale, LA; Hammad, TA; McAdams, MA; Swartz, L, 2008)	0.35
" The combination of A 10 + Val 160 was well tolerated, and the observed adverse events (15."	( Efficacy and safety of the single pill combination of amlodipine 10 mg plus valsartan 160 mg in hypertensive patients not controlled by amlodipine 10 mg plus olmesartan 20 mg in free combination. Ansari, A; Braun, N; Handrock, R; Klebs, S; Ulmer, HJ, 2009)	0.35
" Between-group comparisons of adverse events and changes in laboratory parameters did not reach statistical significance, except for uric acid which showed a significant increase in the valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide group compared with the amlodipine group, but was still below the laboratory's upper limit of normal."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed-dose combination compared with amlodipine monotherapy as first-line therapy for mild to moderate hypertension. Chao, CL; Chen, JC; Chiang, FT; Hwang, JJ; Lin, LC; Lin, LY; Lin, YH; Tsai, CT; Wang, YC, )	0.13
" There were no critical adverse effects in the ARB group throughout the study period."	( Safety and efficacy of antihypertensive therapy with add-on angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker after successful coronary stent implantation. Arimura, T; Iwata, A; Kawamura, A; Kiya, Y; Miura, S; Nishikawa, H; Saku, K; Sugihara, M; Takamiya, Y; Uehara, Y, 2009)	0.35
" It is concluded, that continuous suppressive therapy of HSV infections with valacyclovir is safe and effective treatment, which strongly prevents reoccurrence or transmissions of HSV infections to sexual partners."	( Evaluation of safety and efficacy of prolonged suppressive therapy of genital herpes with valacyclovir. Durglishvili, N; Kvirkvelia, V; Shishniashvili, D, )	0.13
" Incidence of adverse events was comparable in monotherapy and combination therapy groups."	( [Efficacy and safety of the single pill combination of valsartan 80 mg plus amlodipine 5 mg in mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients without adequate blood pressure control by monotherapy]. Huang, J; Ke, YN; Zhu, JR, 2009)	0.35
" A new dual RAAS blockade with the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and the ARB valsartan produces greater BP reductions than monotherapy with the component drugs and is safe and well tolerated."	( The antihypertensive effectiveness and safety of dual RAAS blockade with aliskiren and valsartan. Chrysant, SG, 2010)	0.36
" Safety assessments included monitoring and recording of adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of a single-pill combination of amlodipine/valsartan in Asian hypertensive patients inadequately controlled with amlodipine monotherapy. Cardenas, P; Hong, H; Ke, Y; Wang, R; Zhang, Y; Zhu, D; Zhu, J, 2010)	0.36
"Early combination therapy is increasingly recommended in hypertension management because of increased risk of adverse effects with high-dose monotherapy."	( Effectiveness and safety of high-dose valsartan monotherapy in hypertension treatment: the ValTop study. Asmar, R; Bilo, G; Di Giovanni, R; Kandra, A; Mengden, T; Parati, G, 2010)	0.36
" To better understand the function of IbsC and to decipher the sequence determinants for its toxic phenotype, we carried out extensive sequence analyses of the peptide."	( Decoding toxicity: deducing the sequence requirements of IbsC, a type I toxin in Escherichia coli. Li, Y; Mok, WW; Patel, NH, 2010)	0.36
" Safety was assessed by monitoring and recording adverse events (AEs)."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of aliskiren and valsartan combination with or without the addition of HCT in patients with hypertension. Chrysant, SG; Dattani, D; Hoppe, UC; Murray, AV; Patel, S; Ritter, S; Zhang, J, 2010)	0.36
"Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) as a class are generally considered safe and better tolerated than other antihypertensive drugs."	( A drug safety evaluation of valsartan. Fogari, R; Zoppi, A, 2011)	0.37
"Valsartan demonstrates to be safe and well tolerated both in monotherapy and in combination therapy of hypertension in a broad range of patients, including the elderly, children, diabetics, obese patients and patients at high cardiovascular risk."	( A drug safety evaluation of valsartan. Fogari, R; Zoppi, A, 2011)	0.37
" Although we could treat the patient only by continuation of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis seems to be an effective treatment method in the case of unstable general condition or severe adverse effects, because it can eliminate the serum acyclovir."	( [Neurotoxicity of valacyclovir in a peritoneal dialysis patient]. Kyoda, Y; Maehana, T; Takayanagi, A; Yanase, M, 2010)	0.36
"Two thousand seven hundred and eighty-five patients with arterial hypertension were enrolled, 52 discontinued (eight due to adverse events), and four patients' data were missing."	( Real-life safety and effectiveness of amlodipine/valsartan combination in the treatment of hypertension. Chazova, IE; Dongre, N; Vigdorchik, AV, 2011)	0.37
" No clinically significant adverse effects occurred."	( Safety of short-term valacyclovir as an anti-sickling agent in sickle-cell anemia. Billote, GB; Brittenham, GM; DeBellis, RH; Ender, KL; Erlanger, BF, 2011)	0.37
"In this multicenter, multicountry study including 7567 Asian patients with hypertension, valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide single pill combination was found efficacious, well tolerated, and devoid of any serious adverse effects."	( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in Asian patients with essential hypertension. Dongre, N; Lai, WT; Park, JE; Wang, J, 2011)	0.37
" Valsartan was well tolerated and headache was the most commonly observed adverse event during both the double-blind and 52-week open-label phases."	( Effectiveness and safety of valsartan in children aged 6 to 16 years with hypertension. Blumer, J; Han, G; Litwin, M; Meneses, R; Meyers, KE; Neto, JP; Shi, V; Solar-Yohay, S; Vande Walle, J; Wells, T, 2011)	0.37
" The most frequent adverse events during the open-label phase were headache and fever."	( The efficacy and safety of valsartan in obese and non-obese pediatric hypertensive patients. Han, G; Lieberman, K; Meyers, KE; Shi, V; Solar-Yohay, S, 2011)	0.37
" Since these adverse effects did not disappear after the return to Preminent(®) at the end of Stage C, we performed an additional 3-month follow-up (extended stage)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-pill fixed-dose combinations of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension (SALT-VAT study). Inoue, A; Kuwano, T; Mitsutake, R; Miura, S; Morii, J; Saku, K; Shiga, Y; Uehara, Y, 2011)	0.37
"Single-pill fixed-dose combination therapy using Preminent(®) showed significant 24-h BP-lowering effects and was safe when compared with CodioMD(®)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-pill fixed-dose combinations of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension (SALT-VAT study). Inoue, A; Kuwano, T; Mitsutake, R; Miura, S; Morii, J; Saku, K; Shiga, Y; Uehara, Y, 2011)	0.37
"Valsartan was well tolerated; most commonly reported adverse events included dizziness, headache, constipation and cough."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive Taiwanese patients: post-marketing surveillance study. Chang, KC; Chen, IC; Chen, ZC; Hou, CJ; Hsu, KL; Huang, CH; Hung, YJ; Lee, JD; Lei, MH; Liao, PY; Liou, CW; Wang, J; Yeh, TC, 2011)	0.37
"In order to realize the targeted delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) to tumor through an environment-sensitive mechanism, increase its solubility in water and reformulate without toxic excipients, a novel PTX conjugate, PEG-VC-PABC-PTX was designed and synthesized in this study, using p-aminobenzylcarbonyl (PABC), a spacer, and valine-citrulline (VC), a substrate of cathepsin B (C(B)), to link polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PTX."	( Novel cathepsin B-sensitive paclitaxel conjugate: Higher water solubility, better efficacy and lower toxicity. Dai, W; Li, RT; Liang, L; Lin, SW; Lu, JK; Xiang, Y; Yang, TY; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Valacyclovir was not associated with infant or maternal toxicities or adverse events, and no congenital malformations were observed."	( Infant safety during and after maternal valacyclovir therapy in conjunction with antiretroviral HIV-1 prophylaxis in a randomized clinical trial. Drake, AL; Farquhar, C; John-Stewart, G; Kiarie, J; Richardson, BA; Roxby, AC; Wald, A, 2012)	0.38
"Exposure to PMTCT ARVs and acyclovir after maternal administration of valacyclovir during pregnancy and postpartum to women co-infected with HIV-1/HSV-2 was not associated with an increase in infant or maternal toxicities or adverse events."	( Infant safety during and after maternal valacyclovir therapy in conjunction with antiretroviral HIV-1 prophylaxis in a randomized clinical trial. Drake, AL; Farquhar, C; John-Stewart, G; Kiarie, J; Richardson, BA; Roxby, AC; Wald, A, 2012)	0.38
" There were no significant differences in adverse effects between groups, with the exception of more respiratory disorders in the amlodipine/benazepril group than in the valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide group (17 vs 5; P = 0 ."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety profiles of two fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive agents, amlodipine/benazepril versus valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a 16-week, multicenter, rando Chen, JF; Hung, YJ; Lee, IT; Lee, WJ; Sheu, WH; Wang, CY, 2012)	0.38
" However, respiratory adverse events (particularly coughing) were more frequently reported in the amlodipine/benazepril group."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety profiles of two fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive agents, amlodipine/benazepril versus valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a 16-week, multicenter, rando Chen, JF; Hung, YJ; Lee, IT; Lee, WJ; Sheu, WH; Wang, CY, 2012)	0.38
" No serious drug-related adverse effects (AEs) were observed."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in reducing blood pressure and albuminuria in Chinese patients with essential hypertension: a multicenter prospective open-label observational study. Cao, G; Deng, Y; Ding, X; Li, H; Xu, X; Zhang, X; Zhuang, X, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse events were reported in 202 participants (35."	( Randomized study of antihypertensive efficacy and safety of combination aliskiren/valsartan vs valsartan monotherapy in hypertensive participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alessi, T; Bakris, GL; Oparil, S; Purkayastha, D; Sowers, JR; Yadao, AM, 2013)	0.39
" Safety was assessed in terms of adverse events and serious adverse events (SAEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 months to 5 years of age. Bagga, A; Coppo, R; Kadwa, M; Schaefer, F; Schlosshauer, R; Senguttuvan, P; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Overall, valsartan was well tolerated with no dose-dependent increase in adverse events during the dose-ranging period (Week 0-6) and a comparable incidence of adverse events to placebo during the placebo withdrawal period (Week 7-8)."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 months to 5 years of age. Bagga, A; Coppo, R; Kadwa, M; Schaefer, F; Schlosshauer, R; Senguttuvan, P; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
"7%) patients experienced a total of 174 adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan and amlodipine single-pill combination in hypertensive patients (PEAK study). Berktaş, M; Boyacı, B; Kızılırmak, P; Yalçın, MR, 2013)	0.39
"To report a case of Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN)-developed nephrotoxicity during intravenous acyclovir treatment and toxic hepatitis during oral valacyclovir treatment."	( Systemic side effects of antiviral therapy in a patient with acute retinal necrosis. Akcay, BI; Bozkurt, K; Erdogan, G; Guney, E; Onur, U; Unlu, C, 2014)	0.4
" After switching to oral valacyclovir, toxic hepatitis developed."	( Systemic side effects of antiviral therapy in a patient with acute retinal necrosis. Akcay, BI; Bozkurt, K; Erdogan, G; Guney, E; Onur, U; Unlu, C, 2014)	0.4
" Adverse events were consistent with those reported in clinical trials of peginterferon and ribavirin, and no unique adverse events appeared to be associated with GSK2336805."	( A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of GSK2336805 when given as monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected Adkison, K; Cutrell, A; Elko-Simms, C; Gardner, S; Hamatake, R; Hong, Z; Rodriguez-Torres, M; Walker, J, 2014)	0.4
"Hypothyroidism is a common clinical side effect of lithium treatment, whereas parkinsonism is a very rare adverse event."	( Parkinsonism and severe hypothyroidism in an elderly patient: a case of lithium toxicity due to pharmacological interactions. Basile, G; Epifanio, A; Mandraffino, R; Trifirò, G, 2014)	0.4
" Safety assessments included monitoring of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of nebivolol and valsartan as fixed-dose combination in hypertension: a randomised, multicentre study. Basile, J; Bharucha, DB; Chen, W; Giles, TD; Gradman, AH; Pattathil, M; Weber, MA, 2014)	0.4
" At least one treatment-emergent adverse event was experienced by 30-36% of participants in each group."	( Efficacy and safety of nebivolol and valsartan as fixed-dose combination in hypertension: a randomised, multicentre study. Basile, J; Bharucha, DB; Chen, W; Giles, TD; Gradman, AH; Pattathil, M; Weber, MA, 2014)	0.4
" Safety assessments consisted of recording all adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan/amlodipine single-pill combination in patients with essential hypertension (PEAK LOW). Ar, I; Ilerigelen, B; Kızılırmak, P, 2014)	0.4
"2%) experienced a total of 12 adverse events; there were no serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan/amlodipine single-pill combination in patients with essential hypertension (PEAK LOW). Ar, I; Ilerigelen, B; Kızılırmak, P, 2014)	0.4
" Valacyclovir was not associated with toxicity or adverse events."	( A pilot study examining the safety and tolerability of valacyclovir in veterans with hepatitis C virus/herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection. Burton, MJ; Hook, EW; McGuire, BM; Penman, A; Sunesara, I, 2014)	0.4
"In 2594 patients with complete adverse event (AE) data, the incidence of grade 3 or greater 5FU-AEs in DPYD*2A, I560S, and D949V carriers were 22/25 (88."	( DPYD variants as predictors of 5-fluorouracil toxicity in adjuvant colon cancer treatment (NCCTG N0147). Alberts, SR; Berenberg, JL; Diasio, RB; Goldberg, RM; Lee, AM; Pavey, E; Sargent, DJ; Shi, Q; Sinicrope, FA, 2014)	0.4
" Safety and tolerability parameters included adverse events."	( Long-term safety of nebivolol and valsartan combination therapy in patients with hypertension: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter study. Finck, A; Giles, TD; Li, H; Neutel, JM; Punzi, H; Weiss, RJ, 2014)	0.4
"Observed DCV exposure increases were within the normal range of variability and were not associated with an elevated risk of adverse events."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of daclatasvir in subjects with renal function impairment. Alcorn, H; Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Garimella, T; Hwang, C; Kandoussi, H; Luo, WL; Marbury, TC; Sherman, D; Wang, R, 2015)	0.42
" DCV and ASV were generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events or clinicallyrelevant changes in vital signs or ECG parameters."	( Single- and multiple-ascending dose studies to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in healthy male Japanese subjects. Bertz, RJ; Bifano, M; Eley, T; Hiraoka, M; Nagashima, H; Shiozaki, T; Ueno, T; Yamahira, N, 2015)	0.42
" Hippocampi aged in vitro were significantly more sensitive to the toxic effects of multiple cycles of CIE than were non-aged hippocampi."	( Ethanol withdrawal is required to produce persisting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent hippocampal cytotoxicity during chronic intermittent ethanol exposure. Berry, JN; Prendergast, MA; Reynolds, AR; Sharrett-Field, L, 2015)	0.42
" As valacyclovir induces renal dysfunction, which raises the serum acyclovir level to the toxic range, special attention must be paid when administering this drug in elderly subjects."	( [Acyclovir-induced neurotoxicity and acute kidney injury in an elderly diabetic patient treated with valacyclovir: report of a case]. Kondo, M; Miyao, M; Mizuno, Y; Nomura, K; Okuyama, T; Sagawa, N; Sata, A; Tsurutani, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Daclastavir is generally safe and well tolerated, with a low barrier to resistance and low potential for drug-drug interaction."	( Review article: the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Bunchorntavakul, C; Reddy, KR, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events included eye stye, insomnia, and pain from an infiltrated intravenous line."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of co-administered paritaprevir plus ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir in hepatic impairment. Awni, WM; Bernstein, BM; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Khatri, A; Lawitz, EJ; Marbury, TC; Menon, RM; Mullally, VM; Podsadecki, TJ, 2015)	0.42
" DCV + ASV had lower adverse events rates than comparators."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of daclatasvir/asunaprevir versus IFN-based regimens in genotype 1b hepatitis C virus infection. Behl, AS; Betts, KA; Kalsekar, A; Li, J; Signorovitch, JE; Song, Y; Sorg, RA, 2015)	0.42
" Common adverse events included headache, asthenia, pruritus, and diarrhea."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, and Ritonavir in an Open-Label Study of Patients With Genotype 1b Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection With and Without Cirrhosis. Akarca, US; Hall, C; Hézode, C; Lawitz, E; Makara, M; Mobashery, N; Morillas, RM; Pilot-Matias, T; Preotescu, LL; Redman, R; Thuluvath, PJ; Varunok, P; Vilchez, RA, 2015)	0.42
" Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events (0-1% and 8-11%, respectively, p<0."	( Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir compared to IFN-containing regimens in genotype 1 HCV patients: The MALACHITE-I/II trials. Arama, V; Campbell, A; Caruntu, FA; Conway, B; Curescu, M; Dalgard, O; Dore, GJ; Fuster, F; Ghesquiere, W; Greenbloom, S; Janczewska, E; Kapoor, M; Knysz, B; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Mazur, W; Motoc, A; Podsadecki, T; Sasadeusz, J; Shaw, D; Skoien, R; Soza, A; Streinu-Cercel, A; Sullivan, D; Tornai, I, 2016)	0.43
" OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV was associated with a generally better mental and physical health, more favorable tolerability, and lower rates of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir compared to IFN-containing regimens in genotype 1 HCV patients: The MALACHITE-I/II trials. Arama, V; Campbell, A; Caruntu, FA; Conway, B; Curescu, M; Dalgard, O; Dore, GJ; Fuster, F; Ghesquiere, W; Greenbloom, S; Janczewska, E; Kapoor, M; Knysz, B; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Mazur, W; Motoc, A; Podsadecki, T; Sasadeusz, J; Shaw, D; Skoien, R; Soza, A; Streinu-Cercel, A; Sullivan, D; Tornai, I, 2016)	0.43
" Here, we explored the possibility that isovaline may be an effective and safe alternative to opioids as an adjunct to propofol for producing anesthesia."	( The Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Peripheral Analgesic Isovaline as an Adjuvant to Propofol for General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation: A Proof-of-Principle Study in Mice. Asiri, YI; Fung, T; MacLeod, BA; Puil, E; Schwarz, SK; Whitehead, RA, 2015)	0.42
" Isovaline at a maximal deliverable (soluble) dose of 5000 mg/kg produced no apparent respiratory depression or other adverse effects."	( The Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Peripheral Analgesic Isovaline as an Adjuvant to Propofol for General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation: A Proof-of-Principle Study in Mice. Asiri, YI; Fung, T; MacLeod, BA; Puil, E; Schwarz, SK; Whitehead, RA, 2015)	0.42
" We evaluated the 12-week sustained virologic response (SVR12) and adverse events during treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Furuya, K; Horimoto, H; Izumi, T; Kimura, M; Kobayashi, T; Konno, J; Kudo, M; Morikawa, K; Nagasaka, A; Nakai, M; Natsuizaka, M; Ogawa, K; Sakamoto, N; Sato, F; Shinada, K; Sho, T; Suda, G; Tateyama, M; Terashita, K; Tsukuda, Y; Tsunematsu, S; Umemura, M; Yamamoto, Y; Yamasaki, K, 2016)	0.43
" No adverse constitutional events were observed in either of the groups."	( Safety and efficacy of dual direct-acting antiviral therapy (daclatasvir and asunaprevir) for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in patients on hemodialysis. Iio, E; Ishikawa, T; Kumada, T; Tada, T; Takaguchi, K; Tanaka, Y; Toyoda, H; Tsuji, K; Zeniya, M, 2016)	0.43
" Most adverse events (AEs) were mild/moderate, with no discontinuations due to AEs."	( Effects of tafamidis treatment on transthyretin (TTR) stabilization, efficacy, and safety in Japanese patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) with Val30Met and non-Val30Met: A phase III, open-label study. Ando, Y; Ikeda, S; Machii, K; Misumi, Y; Morita, H; Obayashi, K; Ohta, M; Sekijima, Y; Takata, A; Ueda, M; Yamashita, T, 2016)	0.43
" No discontinuations were attributed to treatment-related adverse events."	( 12 Weeks of Daclatasvir in Combination With Sofosbuvir for HIV-HCV Coinfection (ALLY-2 Study): Efficacy and Safety by HIV Combination Antiretroviral Regimens. Ackerman, P; Bhore, R; Luetkemeyer, AF; McDonald, C; Noviello, S; Ramgopal, M, 2016)	0.43
" Regarding safety, adverse events and serious adverse events were more frequently reported in patients taking concomitant ARAs, though baseline population differences may have played a role."	( Safety and Efficacy of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir Plus Dasabuvir With or Without Ribavirin in HCV-Infected Patients Taking Concomitant Acid-Reducing Agents. Asselah, T; Bennett, M; Forns, X; Liu, L; Moller, J; Pedrosa, M; Planas Vila, R; Reau, N; Rustgi, V; Shiffman, ML, 2016)	0.43
" Recently, interferon-ribavirin free direct acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment has shown strong efficacy and fewer adverse events for chronic HCV infection patients without using dialysis, but there are few reports about DAAs for such patients."	( Effect and Safety of Daclatasvir-Asunaprevir Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b -Infected Patients on Hemodialysis. Miyagi, K; Miyazaki, R, 2016)	0.43
" DCV and ASV were well tolerated in most of the patients, with treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (elevated liver enzyme and decompensation) occurring in two patients."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection. Lee, HL; Nam, HC; Song, MJ; Yang, H, 2016)	0.43
"In this study, combination of DCV and ASV treatment achieved a high sustained virological response with few adverse events even in those with cirrhosis, advanced age, and nonresponse/relapse to previous interferon-based therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection. Lee, HL; Nam, HC; Song, MJ; Yang, H, 2016)	0.43
" Safety outcomes were presented by the incidence of adverse events."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir With or Without Ribavirin for HCV Genotype 1 Infection for 12 Weeks Under Routine Clinical Practice. Chamorro-de-Vega, E; Collado Borrell, R; Escudero-Vilaplana, V; Fernandez-Llamazares, CM; Gimenez-Manzorro, A; Herranz, A; Ibañez-Garcia, S; Lallana Sainz, E; Lobato Matilla, E; Lorenzo-Pinto, A; Manrique-Rodriguez, S; Marzal-Alfaro, M; Ribed, A; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, CG; Romero Jimenez, RM; Sanjurjo, M; Sarobe Gonzalez, C, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events occurred in 91."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir With or Without Ribavirin for HCV Genotype 1 Infection for 12 Weeks Under Routine Clinical Practice. Chamorro-de-Vega, E; Collado Borrell, R; Escudero-Vilaplana, V; Fernandez-Llamazares, CM; Gimenez-Manzorro, A; Herranz, A; Ibañez-Garcia, S; Lallana Sainz, E; Lobato Matilla, E; Lorenzo-Pinto, A; Manrique-Rodriguez, S; Marzal-Alfaro, M; Ribed, A; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, CG; Romero Jimenez, RM; Sanjurjo, M; Sarobe Gonzalez, C, 2016)	0.43
" Plasma concentrations of daclatasvir and asunaprevir at day 5 of treatment, end-of-treatment response, sustained virological response (SVR), and the frequencies of adverse events were analyzed."	( Real-world efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy for hepatitis C virus-infected cirrhosis patients. Aikata, H; Chayama, K; Hayes, CN; Hiramatsu, A; Honda, Y; Imamura, M; Kawakami, Y; Kawaoka, T; Kobayashi, T; Makokha, GN; Miki, D; Mori, N; Morio, K; Morio, R; Nagaoki, Y; Ochi, H; Takaki, S; Tsuge, M; Tsuji, K; Yokoyama, S, 2017)	0.46
" The frequencies of treatment-related adverse events in cirrhosis patients were similar to those in chronic hepatitis patients."	( Real-world efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy for hepatitis C virus-infected cirrhosis patients. Aikata, H; Chayama, K; Hayes, CN; Hiramatsu, A; Honda, Y; Imamura, M; Kawakami, Y; Kawaoka, T; Kobayashi, T; Makokha, GN; Miki, D; Mori, N; Morio, K; Morio, R; Nagaoki, Y; Ochi, H; Takaki, S; Tsuge, M; Tsuji, K; Yokoyama, S, 2017)	0.46
" This combination therapy might offer a safe and effective treatment for chronic HCV infected-patients with compensated cirrhosis."	( Real-world efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy for hepatitis C virus-infected cirrhosis patients. Aikata, H; Chayama, K; Hayes, CN; Hiramatsu, A; Honda, Y; Imamura, M; Kawakami, Y; Kawaoka, T; Kobayashi, T; Makokha, GN; Miki, D; Mori, N; Morio, K; Morio, R; Nagaoki, Y; Ochi, H; Takaki, S; Tsuge, M; Tsuji, K; Yokoyama, S, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events occurred in 151 (72."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir ± dasabuvir ± ribavirin in hepatitis C: AMBER study. Berak, H; Bialkowska, J; Bolewska, B; Fleischer-Stępniewska, K; Flisiak, R; Garlicki, A; Halota, W; Horban, A; Jabłkowski, M; Janczewska, E; Jaroszewicz, J; Karpińska, E; Karwowska, K; Knysz, B; Kryczka, W; Lucejko, M; Madej, G; Mozer-Lisewska, I; Nazzal, K; Piekarska, A; Pisula, A; Rostkowska, K; Simon, K; Tomasiewicz, K; Tronina, O; Tudrujek, M; Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, M; Wiercińska-Drapało, A; Zarębska-Michaluk, D, 2016)	0.43
" Virological response and adverse events according to age were analyzed."	( Safety and efficacy of dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for older patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aikata, H; Chayama, K; Hiramatsu, A; Imamura, M; Kawakami, Y; Kawaoka, T; Kimura, Y; Kobayashi, T; Miki, D; Mori, N; Morio, K; Morio, R; Nagaoki, Y; Nelson Hayes, C; Ochi, H; Takahashi, S; Takaki, S; Tsuge, M; Tsuji, K; Yokoyama, S, 2017)	0.46
" The frequency of adverse events was similar between younger and older patients."	( Safety and efficacy of dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for older patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aikata, H; Chayama, K; Hiramatsu, A; Imamura, M; Kawakami, Y; Kawaoka, T; Kimura, Y; Kobayashi, T; Miki, D; Mori, N; Morio, K; Morio, R; Nagaoki, Y; Nelson Hayes, C; Ochi, H; Takahashi, S; Takaki, S; Tsuge, M; Tsuji, K; Yokoyama, S, 2017)	0.46
"Excellent SVR12 rates and the favorable side-effect profile of DAA-combination therapy can be well translated into "real-world"."	( Second-generation direct-acting-antiviral hepatitis C virus treatment: Efficacy, safety, and predictors of SVR12. Beck, R; Berg, CP; Egetemeyr, DP; Lauer, UM; Malek, NP; Schwarz, JM; Werner, CR, 2016)	0.43
"Paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin is effective and safe in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection in real-life clinical setting in Hong Kong."	( Real-life efficacy and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir in chronic hepatitis C patients in Hong Kong. But, DY; Chan, CK; Chan, HL; Chan, KH; Fung, J; Hui, YT; Lai, CL; Lai, MS; Lam, YS; Lao, WC; Li, C; Lui, GC; Seto, WK; Tsang, OT; Wong, GL; Wong, VW; Yuen, MF, 2017)	0.46
" The most common adverse events were fatigue (one [17%] of six patients receiving sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and asunaprevir; one [17%] of six patients receiving sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and simeprevir; and two [33%] of six patients receiving sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and asunaprevir) and headache (one [17%] patient in each group)."	( Efficacy and safety of 3-week response-guided triple direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection: a phase 2, open-label, proof-of-concept study. Bassit, L; Benhamou, Y; Chen, G; Chen, J; Hou, J; Hsiao, HM; Ji, D; Jiang, Y; Ke, R; Lau, G; Li, B; Li, F; Li, J; Liu, J; Perelson, AS; Schinazi, RF; Shao, Q; Sun, J; Tao, S; Tsang, ST; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Wong, A; Wong, CL; Wu, V, 2016)	0.43
" By shortening the duration of therapy from the currently recommended 12 weeks to 3 weeks, we could drastically reduce the cost of therapy and the rate of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of 3-week response-guided triple direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection: a phase 2, open-label, proof-of-concept study. Bassit, L; Benhamou, Y; Chen, G; Chen, J; Hou, J; Hsiao, HM; Ji, D; Jiang, Y; Ke, R; Lau, G; Li, B; Li, F; Li, J; Liu, J; Perelson, AS; Schinazi, RF; Shao, Q; Sun, J; Tao, S; Tsang, ST; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Wong, A; Wong, CL; Wu, V, 2016)	0.43
" The safety data available for LDV/SOF±RBV and OBV/PTV/r±DSV±RBV show that discontinuation due to adverse events was necessary in no more than 3% of patients and the frequency of serious adverse events was between 0 and 11%, in particular in real-world studies."	( Hepatitis C: efficacy and safety in real life. Flisiak, R; Flisiak-Jackiewicz, M; Pogorzelska, J, 2017)	0.46
" The sustained virological response (SVR) rate after treatment and the adverse events during therapy were compared between CTR-met (patients who met the inclusion criteria) and CTR-unmet (patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria) groups."	( The efficacy and safety of dual oral therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for genotype 1b in Japanese real-life settings. Akuta, N; Arase, Y; Fujiyama, S; Hosaka, T; Ikeda, K; Kawamura, Y; Kobayashi, M; Kumada, H; Saitoh, S; Sezaki, H; Suzuki, F; Suzuki, Y, 2017)	0.46
"3%) in CTR-unmet group discontinued therapy because of adverse events other than the ALT elevation."	( The efficacy and safety of dual oral therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for genotype 1b in Japanese real-life settings. Akuta, N; Arase, Y; Fujiyama, S; Hosaka, T; Ikeda, K; Kawamura, Y; Kobayashi, M; Kumada, H; Saitoh, S; Sezaki, H; Suzuki, F; Suzuki, Y, 2017)	0.46
" No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), Grade 4 AEs or AEs leading to treatment discontinuation occurred."	( Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of simeprevir and TMC647055/ritonavir with or without ribavirin and JNJ-56914845 in HCV genotype 1 infection. Arastéh, K; Bourgeois, S; Buggisch, P; Francque, S; Hoeben, E; Horsmans, Y; Jacquemyn, B; Kakuda, TN; Luo, D; Moreno, C; Nevens, F; Orlent, H; Schattenberg, JM; Van Remoortere, P; Van Vlierberghe, H; Vandebosch, A; Verloes, R; Vijgen, L, 2017)	0.46
" Details of serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded."	( Effectiveness, safety and clinical outcomes of direct-acting antiviral therapy in HCV genotype 1 infection: Results from a Spanish real-world cohort. Albillos, A; Ampuero, J; Arenas, J; Bañares, R; Calleja, JL; Crespo, J; Diago, M; Fernandez, I; García-Eliz, M; García-Samaniego, J; Gea, F; Jorquera, F; Lens, S; Llaneras, J; Llerena, S; Mariño, Z; Morillas, RM; Muñoz, R; Navascues, CA; Pascasio, JM; Perelló, C; Rincón, D; Rodriguez, CF; Ruiz-Antorán, B; Sacristán, B; Serra, MA; Simon, MA; Torras, X; Turnes, J, 2017)	0.46
" Most common adverse events (AEs) were fatigue, neutropenia, anemia, asthenia and headache."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir plus pegylated-interferon alfa 2a and ribavirin in previously untreated HCV subjects coinfected with HIV and HCV genotype-1: a Phase III, open-label study. Ackerman, P; Berenguer, J; Cheinquer, H; Côté, P; Dieterich, D; Eley, T; Fessel, WJ; Gadano, A; Hernandez, D; Hughes, E; Lazzarin, A; Liu, Z; Matthews, G; McPhee, F; Mendez, P; Molina, JM; Moreno, C; Noviello, S; Pineda, JA; Pulido, F; Rivero, A; Rockstroh, J; Sulkowski, MS; Zakharova, N, 2017)	0.46
" Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) (3."	( Safety and Efficacy of Pegylated Interferon Lambda, Ribavirin, and Daclatasvir in HCV and HIV-Coinfected Patients. Conway, B; Lazzarin, A; Luetkemeyer, A; Molina, JM; Nelson, M; Portsmouth, S; Romanova, S; Rubio, R; Srinivasan, S; Xu, D, 2017)	0.46
" After a median follow-up period of 26 months (interquartile range, 20-30 mo), no patients had a serious adverse event or relapse of vasculitis."	( Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir Plus Daclatasvir for Treatment of HCV-Associated Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis. Alric, L; Bouyer, AS; Cacoub, P; Comarmond, C; de Saint Martin, L; Ferfar, Y; Hezode, C; Musset, L; Pol, S; Poynard, T; Resche Rigon, M; Saadoun, D; Si Ahmed, SN, 2017)	0.46
" The combination was generally well tolerated, with an adverse event profile consistent with that observed in previous clinical trials of SMV or DCV separately."	( Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of simeprevir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin in patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection after orthotopic liver transplantation: The Phase II SATURN study. Andreone, P; Berenguer, M; Calleja, JL; Cieciura, T; Donato, MF; Durlik, M; Fagiuoli, S; Forns, X; Herzer, K; Janssen, K; Jessner, W; Kalmeijer, R; Lenz, O; Mariño, Z; Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, S; Peeters, M; Shukla, U; Sterneck, M; Verbinnen, T, 2017)	0.46
"The combination of daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) has demonstrated a high sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) and a low rate of adverse events in previous clinical studies."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for Korean patients with HCV genotype Ib infection: a retrospective multi-institutional study. Chae, HB; Cho, BW; Kang, YW; Kim, HS; Kim, SB; Kim, SH; Lee, BS; Lee, SH; Lee, TH; Song, IH, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events occurred in 10 (13."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for Korean patients with HCV genotype Ib infection: a retrospective multi-institutional study. Chae, HB; Cho, BW; Kang, YW; Kim, HS; Kim, SB; Kim, SH; Lee, BS; Lee, SH; Lee, TH; Song, IH, 2017)	0.46
" Close monitoring is needed for severe adverse events and treatment failure, which were uncommon."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for Korean patients with HCV genotype Ib infection: a retrospective multi-institutional study. Chae, HB; Cho, BW; Kang, YW; Kim, HS; Kim, SB; Kim, SH; Lee, BS; Lee, SH; Lee, TH; Song, IH, 2017)	0.46
" The therapy was found to be reasonably safe with no major adverse effects noted with the use of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir or daclatasvir."	( Sofosbuvir-based treatment is safe and effective in Indian hepatitis C patients on maintenance haemodialysis: A retrospective study. Akhil, MS; Arumugam, K; Ganesh Prasad, NK; Kirushnan, B; Martin, M; Ravichandran, R, 2018)	0.48
" Other correlates with adverse events of clinical importance included concomitant ribavirin treatment, sex, race, and presence of cirrhosis, consistent with previous observations."	( Exposure-Safety Response Relationship for Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection: Analysis of Data from Five Phase II and Six Phase III Studies. Awni, W; DaSilva-Tillmann, B; Dutta, S; Lin, CW; Liu, W; Menon, R; Podsadecki, T; Shulman, N, 2017)	0.46
" Clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs) were recorded from baseline to FU12."	( Real-World Safety and Efficacy of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir/+Dasabuvir±Ribavirin (OBV/PTV/r/+DSV±RBV) Therapy in Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 1 Infection Post-Liver Transplant: AMBER-CEE Study. Bolewska, B; Buivydiene, A; Durlik, M; Flisiak, R; Jabłkowski, M; Jakutiene, J; Karpińska, E; Karwowska, KM; Katzarov, K; Kupcinskas, L; Pisula, A; Rostkowska, K; Simonova, M; Tolmane, I; Tronina, O; Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, M, 2017)	0.46
" The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of PrOD-based therapy in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with and without cirrhosis, and to explore pre-treatment factors predictive of sustained viral response (SVR) and serious adverse events (SAEs) on treatment."	( Real-world efficacy and safety of ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir ± ribavirin for hepatitis C genotype 1 - final results of the REV1TAL study. Bollipo, S; Cheng, W; Chivers, S; Dore, G; Fragomeli, V; Galhenage, S; Gazzola, A; George, J; Gow, P; Iser, D; Jones, T; Levy, M; Lubel, J; MacQuillan, G; Mitchell, JL; Nazareth, S; Pianko, S; Roberts, SK; Sasadeusz, J; Strasser, S; Stuart, KA; Thompson, A; Tse, E; Wade, A; Weltman, M; Wigg, A; Zekry, A, 2017)	0.46
" Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory information, on-treatment biochemical, virological and haematological indices and details on serious adverse events were collected locally."	( Real-world efficacy and safety of ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir ± ribavirin for hepatitis C genotype 1 - final results of the REV1TAL study. Bollipo, S; Cheng, W; Chivers, S; Dore, G; Fragomeli, V; Galhenage, S; Gazzola, A; George, J; Gow, P; Iser, D; Jones, T; Levy, M; Lubel, J; MacQuillan, G; Mitchell, JL; Nazareth, S; Pianko, S; Roberts, SK; Sasadeusz, J; Strasser, S; Stuart, KA; Thompson, A; Tse, E; Wade, A; Weltman, M; Wigg, A; Zekry, A, 2017)	0.46
"To determine whether antiviral therapy is safe and effective for preventing CMV reactivation in a general population of critically ill patients."	( Safety and Efficacy of Antiviral Therapy for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Immunocompetent Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bion, JF; Cowley, NJ; Ives, N; Millar, J; Moss, P; Osman, H; Owen, A; Shiels, SC; Woolley, R, 2017)	0.46
" Valbenazine is about 15 times more likely to result in a response than in a discontinuation because of an adverse event."	( Valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Citrome, L, 2017)	0.46
" DCV-based DAA treatment is efficacious and safe in patients with HCV infection after LT."	( Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir-based antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation. Role of cirrhosis and genotype 3. A multicenter cohort study. Bañares, R; Casafont, F; Castellote, J; Castells, L; Cuervas-Mons, V; Espinosa, MD; Fernández, I; García-Gonzalez, M; González, A; González-Diéguez, L; Herrero, JI; Llaneras, J; Londoño, MC; Lorente, S; Molina Pérez, E; Montero Alvarez, JL; Narváez, I; Otero, A; Pascasio, JM; Pascual, S; Pons, JA; Prieto, M; Salcedo, M; Sánchez-Antolín, G; Sousa, JM; Testillano, M; Vinaixa, C, 2017)	0.46
" The number and percentage of patients with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, and TEAEs consistent with hepatic decompensation were reported."	( Safety of the 2D/3D direct-acting antiviral regimen in HCV-induced Child-Pugh A cirrhosis - A pooled analysis. Cohen, DE; Cohen, E; Feld, JJ; Foster, GR; Fried, MW; Larsen, L; Mobashery, N; Nelson, DR; Poordad, F; Tatsch, F; Wedemeyer, H, 2017)	0.46
" Data were analyzed to assess the on-treatment and off-therapy HCV viral load and on-treatment adverse events."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection in Taiwan. Chen, DS; Chen, PJ; Hong, CM; Kao, JH; Liu, CH; Liu, CJ; Su, TH; Tseng, TC; Yang, HC, 2018)	0.48
" The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12, whereas the primary safety endpoint was drug discontinuation or occurrence of grade 3/4 adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Simeprevir or Daclatasvir in Combination With Sofosbuvir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Infection. Alaseeri, A; Albenmousa, A; Albiladi, H; Alghamdi, AS; Aljarodi, M; Almugharbal, M; Alothmani, HS; Alsahafi, A; Babatin, MA; Bzeizi, KI; Sanai, FM, )	0.13
" Adverse events occurred in 32% of patients (grade 1 and 2), but none discontinued treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety of Simeprevir or Daclatasvir in Combination With Sofosbuvir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Infection. Alaseeri, A; Albenmousa, A; Albiladi, H; Alghamdi, AS; Aljarodi, M; Almugharbal, M; Alothmani, HS; Alsahafi, A; Babatin, MA; Bzeizi, KI; Sanai, FM, )	0.13
"SMV/SOF or DCV/SOF combinations are safe and highly effective in HCV-GT4 treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety of Simeprevir or Daclatasvir in Combination With Sofosbuvir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Infection. Alaseeri, A; Albenmousa, A; Albiladi, H; Alghamdi, AS; Aljarodi, M; Almugharbal, M; Alothmani, HS; Alsahafi, A; Babatin, MA; Bzeizi, KI; Sanai, FM, )	0.13
" The treatment of two patients (2%) was discontinued because of adverse events."	( The Real-World Safety and Efficacy of Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir for Elderly Patients. Ida, Y; Iguchi, M; Kato, J; Kawashima, A; Kitano, M; Maekita, T; Moribata, K; Nakao, T; Shimizu, R; Shingaki, N; Taki, S; Tamai, H, 2018)	0.48
"Daclatasvir with asunaprevir was a safe treatment, even in patients aged ≥75 years."	( The Real-World Safety and Efficacy of Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir for Elderly Patients. Ida, Y; Iguchi, M; Kato, J; Kawashima, A; Kitano, M; Maekita, T; Moribata, K; Nakao, T; Shimizu, R; Shingaki, N; Taki, S; Tamai, H, 2018)	0.48
" Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), laboratory tests, vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and extrapyramidal symptom (EPS) scales."	( Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Valbenazine (NBI-98854) in Subjects with Tardive Dyskinesia and a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Mood Disorder. Burke, J; Josiassen, RC; Kane, JM; Liang, GS; O'Brien, CF, 2017)	0.46
"02), while it increased the risk of serious adverse events (p = 0."	( Safety and Efficacy of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir with or without Ribavirin for Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Abdel-Daim, MM; Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Loutfy, SA; Menshawy, A; Mohamed, A; Negida, A, 2017)	0.46
" No serious adverse events (AEs) were observed."	( Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in treatment of kidney transplantation recipients with hepatitis C virus infection. Li, T; Liu, F; Qu, YD; Wang, L; Xue, Y; Zhang, LX, 2017)	0.46
" No patients from the G/P Arm prematurely discontinued the study drug or experienced a treatment-emergent serious adverse event (TESAE)."	( Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection with and without cirrhosis. Alves, K; Atarashi, T; Burroughs, M; Chayama, K; Eguchi, Y; Karino, Y; Kato, K; Kawakami, Y; Krishnan, P; Kumada, H; Naganuma, A; Oberoi, RK; Pilot-Matias, TJ; Pugatch, DL; Redman, R; Sato, K; Seike, M; Suzuki, F; Takei, Y; Watanabe, T; Xie, W; Yoshiji, H, 2018)	0.48
"ALZ-801 was well tolerated and there were no severe or serious adverse events (AEs) or laboratory findings."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Safety of ALZ-801, a Novel Prodrug of Tramiprosate in Development for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Abushakra, S; Amedio, J; Hey, JA; Kaplan, PL; Kocis, P; Power, A; Tolar, M; Versavel, M; Yu, JY, 2018)	0.48
" The objective of the study was to investigate reports of acute kidney injury (AKI) events associated with the concomitant use of oral acyclovir or valacyclovir with an NSAID by using the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database between January 2004 and June 2012."	( Association between Concomitant Use of Acyclovir or Valacyclovir with NSAIDs and an Increased Risk of Acute Kidney Injury: Data Mining of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Li, H; Shi, J; Yue, Z, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events were reported in 63."	( Efficacy and safety of 6 or 8 weeks of simeprevir, daclatasvir, sofosbuvir for HCV genotype 1 infection. Beumont, M; Corregidor, AM; Feld, JJ; Felizarta, F; Gamil, M; Ghalib, R; Kakuda, TN; Khalid, O; Lawitz, E; Luo, D; Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, S; Smith, WB; Sulkowski, MS; Van Eygen, V; Van Remoortere, P; Vijgen, L, 2018)	0.48
" Safety outcomes were based on the incidence of adverse events."	( Twelve weeks of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir without ribavirin is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with HCV genotype 1b infection and compensated cirrhosis: results from a real-world cohort study. Chamorro-de-Vega, E; De Lorenzo-Pinto, A; Escudero-Vilaplana, V; Gimenez-Manzorro, A; Herranz-Alonso, A; Iglesias-Peinado, I; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, CG; Sanjurjo Saez, M, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events were recorded in 78."	( Twelve weeks of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir without ribavirin is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with HCV genotype 1b infection and compensated cirrhosis: results from a real-world cohort study. Chamorro-de-Vega, E; De Lorenzo-Pinto, A; Escudero-Vilaplana, V; Gimenez-Manzorro, A; Herranz-Alonso, A; Iglesias-Peinado, I; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, CG; Sanjurjo Saez, M, 2018)	0.48
"The simplified regimen of OBV/PTV/r+DSV administered for 12 weeks is effective and safe in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection and compensated cirrhosis."	( Twelve weeks of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir without ribavirin is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with HCV genotype 1b infection and compensated cirrhosis: results from a real-world cohort study. Chamorro-de-Vega, E; De Lorenzo-Pinto, A; Escudero-Vilaplana, V; Gimenez-Manzorro, A; Herranz-Alonso, A; Iglesias-Peinado, I; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, CG; Sanjurjo Saez, M, 2018)	0.48
" The main endpoints were assessment of sustained virological response and serious adverse events rates."	( Effectiveness and safety of original and generic sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A real world study. Bessone, F; Borzi, SM; Cartier, M; D'Amico, C; Descalzi, VI; Fainboim, HA; Figueroa Escuti, S; Frías, S; Gadano, AC; Gaite, LA; Galdame, OA; Haddad, L; Longo, C; Marciano, S; Marino, M; Peralta, M; Perez Ravier, R; Reggiardo, MV; Vistarini, C, 2018)	0.48
" Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drug regimens are safe and highly effective, allowing administration of treatment also in elderly."	( Efficacy and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b compensated cirrhosis in patients aged 70 years or older. Bataga, S; Brisc, C; Caruntu, FA; Chiriac, S; Cijevschi Prelipcean, C; Curescu, M; Gheorghe, L; Girleanu, I; Goldis, A; Iacob, S; Miftode, E; Mihai, C; Preda, C; Rogoveanu, I; Singeap, AM; Sporea, I; Stanciu, C; Stefanescu, G; Trifan, A, 2017)	0.46
"Low-dose Sofosbuvir and full-dose Daclatasvir are safe and effective in treating CHC in patients with CKD with eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1."	( Low-Dose Sofosbuvir Is Safe and Effective in Treating Chronic Hepatitis C in Patients with Severe Renal Impairment or End-Stage Renal Disease. Chawla, Y; De, A; Dhiman, RK; Duseja, A; Gupta, KL; Kohli, HS; Kumar, V; Mehta, M; Ramachandran, R; Taneja, S, 2018)	0.48
" Our aim was to analyze the characteristics associated with the presence of adverse events in patients receiving this antiviral regimen, with ribavirin in cirrhotic patients."	( Safety assessment in Child A cirrhotic patients treated with Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin. Calina, OC; Hristea, A; Jipa, RE; Manea, ED; Olariu, C; Stefan, I, )	0.13
" We recorded 201 adverse events in 98 (71."	( Safety assessment in Child A cirrhotic patients treated with Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin. Calina, OC; Hristea, A; Jipa, RE; Manea, ED; Olariu, C; Stefan, I, )	0.13
"We found a high number of adverse events, but most of them were mild or moderate and only one quarter of them required medical intervention."	( Safety assessment in Child A cirrhotic patients treated with Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin. Calina, OC; Hristea, A; Jipa, RE; Manea, ED; Olariu, C; Stefan, I, )	0.13
" Importantly, in vivo depletion of all three BCAAs was significantly less toxic than depletion of valine only."	( Branched-chain amino acid depletion conditions bone marrow for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation avoiding amino acid imbalance-associated toxicity. Morita, M; Nakauchi, H; Wilkinson, AC; Yamazaki, S, 2018)	0.48
"Treatment of severe psoriasis in HCV positive patients is challenging, because several psoriasis medications have a toxic effect on the liver, and interferon alpha, used to treat hepatitis, can induce worsening of psoriatic lesions."	( Safety and efficacy of HCV eradication during etanercept treatment for severe psoriasis. Di Cesare, A; Lazzeri, L; Pescitelli, L; Prignano, F; Ricceri, F; Tripo, L, 2018)	0.48
" The most common adverse events recorded were fatigue, headache, nausea, asthenia, and gastrointestinal troubles."	( Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin: large real-life results of patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. Abdel-Gabaar, M; Abdel-Moneim, A; Aboud, A; Ramadan, M; Zanaty, MI, 2018)	0.48
"DAA in adult dosage are safe and effective for treatment of chronic hepatitis C (genotype 3) in pediatric β-thalassemic major population."	( Efficacy and Safety of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C in Thalassemic Children. Garg, K; Gupta, GK; Maharshi, S; Nijhawan, S; Padhi, S, 2018)	0.48
"Patients who suffered any adverse event (AE) were 74/240 (30."	( Safety and efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir plus ribavirin in patients over 65 years with HCV genotype 1 cirrhosis. Aghemo, A; Ascione, A; Bruno, S; Craxì, A; De Luca, M; Fontanella, L; Gasbarrini, A; Giannini, EG; Izzi, A; Marzioni, M; Melazzini, M; Messina, V; Montilla, S; Orlandini, A; Petta, S; Puoti, M; Sangiovanni, V; Trotta, MP; Villa, E; Zignego, AL, 2018)	0.48
"Our findings suggest that OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV is safe and effective in real-life use in patients with compensated cirrhosis, HCV-GT1 infection, and age over 65."	( Safety and efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir plus ribavirin in patients over 65 years with HCV genotype 1 cirrhosis. Aghemo, A; Ascione, A; Bruno, S; Craxì, A; De Luca, M; Fontanella, L; Gasbarrini, A; Giannini, EG; Izzi, A; Marzioni, M; Melazzini, M; Messina, V; Montilla, S; Orlandini, A; Petta, S; Puoti, M; Sangiovanni, V; Trotta, MP; Villa, E; Zignego, AL, 2018)	0.48
" Safety and effectiveness assessments included incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and sustained viral response (SVR) rates at 24 weeks (SVR24)."	( Safety and effectiveness of daclatasvir and asunaprevir dual therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: results from postmarketing surveillance in Japan. Bando, E; Hatanaka, N; Komoto, A; Nakamura, K; Suzuki, F, 2018)	0.48
" The other two patients reported only grade 1 adverse effects."	( Concomitant use of sorafenib with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir: Effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. Giménez-Manzorro, A; Herranz-Alonso, A; Matilla-Peña, A; Revuelta-Herrero, JL; Sanjurjo-Sáez, M, 2018)	0.48
"The concurrent use of OBV/PTV/r+DSV with sorafenib was considered safe and effective."	( Concomitant use of sorafenib with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir: Effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. Giménez-Manzorro, A; Herranz-Alonso, A; Matilla-Peña, A; Revuelta-Herrero, JL; Sanjurjo-Sáez, M, 2018)	0.48
" However, information about the rate of adverse events (AEs) across different DAA regimens is limited."	( Outcome and adverse events in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals: a clinical randomized study. Andersen, ES; Bukh, J; Christensen, PB; Fahnøe, U; Gerstoft, J; Kjær, MS; Laursen, AL; Mössner, B; Pedersen, MS; Røge, BT; Schønning, K; Sølund, C; Weis, N, 2018)	0.48
" As advanced age is associated with increasing risk of development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, elderly patients are in special need of safe and effective antiviral therapies."	( Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir with or without ribavirin in elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Abdel-Samiee, M; Abdo, M; Elbaz, T; Esmat, G; Gamil, M; Hassan, EA; Moustafa, A; Omar, H; Qawzae, A; Zaghloul, AM, 2019)	0.51
" No serious adverse effects like anemia and decompensation were reported."	( Direct-acting antiviral Therapy Is Safe and Effective in Pediatric Chronic Hepatitis C: The Public Health Perspective. Dhiman, RK; Duseja, A; Grover, GS; Premkumar, M; Rathi, S; Satsangi, S; Taneja, S, 2019)	0.51
" Adverse events were recorded for safety analysis."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C in Taiwan. Cheng, PN; Chien, SC; Chiu, HC; Chiu, YC, 2019)	0.51
" SOF/DCV/ribavirin regimen resulted in more adverse events, significantly higher bilirubin levels, and decline of hemoglobin during treatment than SOF/DCV regimen."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C in Taiwan. Cheng, PN; Chien, SC; Chiu, HC; Chiu, YC, 2019)	0.51
"SOF/DCV with or without ribavirin is highly effective and safe for patients with genotype 2 HCV infection in real-world experience in Taiwan."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C in Taiwan. Cheng, PN; Chien, SC; Chiu, HC; Chiu, YC, 2019)	0.51
" Combined SOF/DCV was found to be effective and safe for treating HCV Genotype 4-infected children, 8 years of age and above."	( Safety and efficacy of combined sofosbuvir/daclatasvir treatment of children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C Genotype 4. Abdel Gawad, M; Abdel Ghaffar, A; Abdel Ghaffar, TY; El Naghi, S; Helmy, S; Moafy, M; Yousef, M, 2019)	0.51
" SOF-based therapy was well-tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported."	( Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in Southwest China: Real-world experience of a retrospective study. Chen, B; Chen, EQ; Jiang, W; Tang, H; Tao, YC; Wang, ML; Wang, YH; Wu, DB, 2019)	0.51
" Three patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events (AEs) including dizziness, dyspnea, and neutropenia."	( Efficacy and Safety of Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Infection on Hemodialysis. Jang, JW; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Kim, SB; Kim, SH; Ko, SY; Kwon, JH; Lee, BS; Lee, SH; Lee, TH; Song, DS; Song, MJ, 2019)	0.51
" A total of 4 serious adverse events were reported and considered treatment-unrelated."	( Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of daclatasvir, asunaprevir plus ribavirin for HCV genotype-1b infection without NS5A resistance-associated substitutions. Chen, DS; Chen, PJ; Cheng, PN; Chien, RN; Chuang, WL; Hsu, SJ; Huang, CF; Huang, JF; Huang, YH; Hung, CH; Kao, JH; Lin, CY; Liu, CH; Liu, CJ; Peng, CY; Su, CW; Yu, ML, 2019)	0.51
"Truncated regimen of DCV + ASV plus ribavirin for 12 weeks was highly effective and safe in HCV-1b patients without NS5A L31/Y93 RAS."	( Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of daclatasvir, asunaprevir plus ribavirin for HCV genotype-1b infection without NS5A resistance-associated substitutions. Chen, DS; Chen, PJ; Cheng, PN; Chien, RN; Chuang, WL; Hsu, SJ; Huang, CF; Huang, JF; Huang, YH; Hung, CH; Kao, JH; Lin, CY; Liu, CH; Liu, CJ; Peng, CY; Su, CW; Yu, ML, 2019)	0.51
" It is well known that some NPAAs are toxic through their ability to mimic protein amino acids, either in protein synthesis or in other metabolic pathways, and this property is utilised by some plants to inhibit the growth of other plants or kill herbivores."	( Cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the dietary supplement l-norvaline. Rodgers, KJ; Samardzic, K, 2019)	0.51
" Sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12), adverse events (AEs) and comedication management were assessed for patients initiating treatment before 1 June 2017."	( Real-world safety and effectiveness of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir ± dasabuvir ± ribavirin in hepatitis C virus genotype 1- and 4-infected patients with diverse comorbidities and comedications: A pooled analysis of post-marketing observational studi Back, D; Bondin, M; Bourgeois, S; Buggisch, P; Charafeddine, M; Crown, E; Curescu, M; Dorr, P; Ferenci, P; Flisiak, R; Kleine, H; Larrey, D; Marra, F; Norris, S, 2019)	0.51
" The primary safety endpoint was treatment withdrawal rates secondary to severe adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of daclatasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in genotype 3 hepatitis C virus infected patients. Results in real clinical practice. Castro-Iglesias, A; Cid-Silva, P; Delgado-Blanco, M; Margusino-Framiñán, L; Martín-Herranz, I; Mena-de-Cea, A; Pernas-Souto, B; Pertega-Díaz, S; Rodríguez-Osorio, I, 2019)	0.51
" No patient treatment withdrawal secondary to severe adverse events was observed."	( Effectiveness and safety of daclatasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in genotype 3 hepatitis C virus infected patients. Results in real clinical practice. Castro-Iglesias, A; Cid-Silva, P; Delgado-Blanco, M; Margusino-Framiñán, L; Martín-Herranz, I; Mena-de-Cea, A; Pernas-Souto, B; Pertega-Díaz, S; Rodríguez-Osorio, I, 2019)	0.51
" The regimen was safe and well tolerated."	( Effectiveness and safety of daclatasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in genotype 3 hepatitis C virus infected patients. Results in real clinical practice. Castro-Iglesias, A; Cid-Silva, P; Delgado-Blanco, M; Margusino-Framiñán, L; Martín-Herranz, I; Mena-de-Cea, A; Pernas-Souto, B; Pertega-Díaz, S; Rodríguez-Osorio, I, 2019)	0.51
" However, ribavirin is associated with adverse events that can limit its use."	( Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with low-dose ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1a infection without cirrhosis. Bank, L; Bernstein, D; Epstein, M; Krishnan, P; Lucey, MR; Martinez, M; Nelson, DR; Pockros, PJ; Polepally, AR; Poordad, F; Ravendhran, N; Reindollar, R; Sedghi, S; Trinh, R; Unnebrink, K, 2019)	0.51
" The patients were evaluated in respect of demographic, clinical and virological data, sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse events."	( [EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF OMBITASVIR/PARITAPREVIR/RITONAVIR AND DASABUVIR IN PATIENTS WITH HCV 1B GENOTYPE INFECTION: REAL WORLD DATA]. Skorokhodova, N; Tsarova, O; Zhyvytsia, D, 2019)	0.51
" We collected data on on-treatment adverse events (AEs), severe AEs, and laboratory abnormalities."	( Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral agents for HCV in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Aoufi-Rabih, S; Dixit, V; Fabrizi, F; Garcia-Agudo, R; Mendizabal, M; Ridruejo, E; Silva, M, )	0.13
" Adverse events were reported in 185 (35."	( Real-life effectiveness and safety of the daclatasvir/asunaprevir combination therapy for genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C patients: An emphasis on the pretreatment NS5A resistance-associated substitution test. Chung, WJ; Jang, ES; Jeong, SH; Kim, IH; Kim, KA; Kim, YS; Lee, BS; Lee, YJ, 2019)	0.51
"7%): 4 due to severe adverse events (including 3 deaths) and 1 patient´s decision."	( Effectiveness, safety/tolerability of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV in patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 with/without HIV-1 co-infection, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IIIb-V and dialysis in Spanish clinical practice - Vie-KinD study. Ahumada, A; Aldamiz-Echevarría, T; Baliellas, C; Barril, G; Benlloch, S; Bonet, L; Carmona, I; Castaño, MA; Castro, Á; de Álvaro, C; de Los Santos, I; Delgado, M; Devesa-Medina, MJ; García-Buey, L; García-Samaniego, J; Gea-Rodríguez, F; González-Parra, E; Gutiérrez, ML; Jiménez-Pérez, M; Laguno, M; Londoño, MC; Losa, JE; Mallolas, J; Manzanares, A; Martín-Granizo, I; Montero-Alonso, M; Montes, ML; Morán-Sánchez, S; Morano, L; Muñoz-Gómez, R; Navascués, CA; Polo-Lorduy, B; Riveiro-Barciela, M; Rivero, A; Roget, M; Serra, MÁ, 2019)	0.51
" Incidence rates of liver adverse events (LAE) were calculated; Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with LAE."	( Safety and efficacy of daclatasvir at doses other than 60 mg daily in HIV/HCV co-infected subjects: Data from the ICONA/HepaICONA foundation cohorts. Bonora, S; Cingolani, A; d'Arminio Monforte, A; Lo Caputo, S; Marinaro, L; Mussini, C; Puoti, M; Rossotti, R; Saracino, A; Soria, A; Tavelli, A; Uberti-Foppa, C, 2020)	0.56
" Nevertheless, there are many reports in which these patients have been treated with sofosbuvir-containing regiments without important adverse events."	( The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir is effective and safe in treating patients with hepatitis C and severe renal impairment. Afshar, B; Agah, S; Amiriani, T; Fattahi Abdizadeh, M; Fattahi, MR; Hormati, A; Khoshnia, M; Latifnia, M; Majd Jabbari, S; Maleki, I; Malekzadeh, R; Malekzadeh, Z; Mansour-Ghanaei, F; Merat, D; Merat, S; Minakari, M; Moini, M; Mokhtare, M; Poustchi, H; Roozbeh, F; Sharifi, AH; Shayesteh, AA; Shayesteh, E; Sofian, M; Sohrabi, M; Somi, MH, 2020)	0.56
" No adverse events leading to discontinuation of medicine was observed."	( The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir is effective and safe in treating patients with hepatitis C and severe renal impairment. Afshar, B; Agah, S; Amiriani, T; Fattahi Abdizadeh, M; Fattahi, MR; Hormati, A; Khoshnia, M; Latifnia, M; Majd Jabbari, S; Maleki, I; Malekzadeh, R; Malekzadeh, Z; Mansour-Ghanaei, F; Merat, D; Merat, S; Minakari, M; Moini, M; Mokhtare, M; Poustchi, H; Roozbeh, F; Sharifi, AH; Shayesteh, AA; Shayesteh, E; Sofian, M; Sohrabi, M; Somi, MH, 2020)	0.56
"The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir is an effective and safe treatment for patients infected with all genotypes of hepatitis C who have severe renal impairment, including patients on hemodialysis."	( The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir is effective and safe in treating patients with hepatitis C and severe renal impairment. Afshar, B; Agah, S; Amiriani, T; Fattahi Abdizadeh, M; Fattahi, MR; Hormati, A; Khoshnia, M; Latifnia, M; Majd Jabbari, S; Maleki, I; Malekzadeh, R; Malekzadeh, Z; Mansour-Ghanaei, F; Merat, D; Merat, S; Minakari, M; Moini, M; Mokhtare, M; Poustchi, H; Roozbeh, F; Sharifi, AH; Shayesteh, AA; Shayesteh, E; Sofian, M; Sohrabi, M; Somi, MH, 2020)	0.56
"This work aims to evaluate the therapeutic survey of adverse events during antiviral treatment of hepatitis in the three major University Hospitals in Abidjan."	( Pharmacological management of adverse events during treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in three Ivorian university hospitals . Allah-Kouadio, E; Allouka, KCE; Gnépéhi, OB; Kohi, DS; N'guessan-Irié, AG; Siransy-Kouakou, NG, 2020)	0.56
"A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 203 patients from August 1, 2015, to July 31, 2018, enumerated adverse events during antiviral treatments, drugs used for their management, and their clinical or biological impact."	( Pharmacological management of adverse events during treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in three Ivorian university hospitals . Allah-Kouadio, E; Allouka, KCE; Gnépéhi, OB; Kohi, DS; N'guessan-Irié, AG; Siransy-Kouakou, NG, 2020)	0.56
"Correction of the adverse events was made either using causal treatment or using symptomatic drugs."	( Pharmacological management of adverse events during treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in three Ivorian university hospitals . Allah-Kouadio, E; Allouka, KCE; Gnépéhi, OB; Kohi, DS; N'guessan-Irié, AG; Siransy-Kouakou, NG, 2020)	0.56
" Only four patients discontinued treatment before week 4 due to non-hepatic adverse events."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir and nonstructural protein 5A inhibitors for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6: a multicentre cohort study. Bunchorntavakul, C; Charatcharoenwitthaya, P; Chonprasertsuk, S; Komolmit, P; Piratvisuth, T; Sanpajit, T; Sethasine, S; Siripipattanamongkol, C; Sobhonslidsuk, A; Sukeepaisarnjaroen, W; Sutthivana, C; Tangkijvanich, P; Tanwandee, T; Wongpaitoon, V, 2020)	0.56
" Safety was determined by adverse events and ribavirin, when combined, was administered in escalating doses to all patients with GFR <60 mL/min."	( HEPATITIS C TREATMENT OF RENAL TRANSPLANT AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL REGIMENS CONTAINING SOFOSBUVIR. Amaral, ACC; Carvalho-Filho, RJ; Ferraz, MLG; Michels, FBL; Souza, ALDS; Vieira, GA, )	0.13
" The treatment was well tolerated and there were no major clinically relevant adverse events, with the most prevalent being asthenia (57."	( HEPATITIS C TREATMENT OF RENAL TRANSPLANT AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL REGIMENS CONTAINING SOFOSBUVIR. Amaral, ACC; Carvalho-Filho, RJ; Ferraz, MLG; Michels, FBL; Souza, ALDS; Vieira, GA, )	0.13
"The direct-acting antivirals were safe and efficacious in CKD patients treated with SOF-containing regimens, with the observation of high SVR rates, good tolerability and few severe adverse events."	( HEPATITIS C TREATMENT OF RENAL TRANSPLANT AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL REGIMENS CONTAINING SOFOSBUVIR. Amaral, ACC; Carvalho-Filho, RJ; Ferraz, MLG; Michels, FBL; Souza, ALDS; Vieira, GA, )	0.13
" Rates of adverse events (AEs) in the patients was 59."	( Real-world efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir ± dasabuvir ± ribavirin combination therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 infection: The Turkey experience experience. Asan, A; Aygen, B; Barut, Ş; Batırel, A; Bilgin, H; Çelen, MK; Çelik, İ; Demirtürk, N; Ersöz, G; Karakeçili, F; Kınıklı, S; Mıstık, R; Şimşek, F; Türker, N; Turkish Society Of Clinical Microbiology And Infectious Diseases, TSGFVHOT; Ural, O; Yıldız, O; Zararsız, G, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse events (AEs) were found in less than one half of patients (45 patients, or 42."	( [Efficacy and safety of narlaprevir/ritonavir and daclatasvir non interferon combination in population of Russian patients with chronic hepatitis C]. Batskikh, SN; Burnevich, EZ; Chulanov, VP; Gusev, DA; Kizlo, SN; Klimova, EA; Krasavina, EN; Mamonova, NA; Samsonov, MY; Tarkhova, EP; Yushchuk, ND; Znoyko, OO, 2019)	0.51
" This combination was found to be safe and well - tolerated."	( [Efficacy and safety of narlaprevir/ritonavir and daclatasvir non interferon combination in population of Russian patients with chronic hepatitis C]. Batskikh, SN; Burnevich, EZ; Chulanov, VP; Gusev, DA; Kizlo, SN; Klimova, EA; Krasavina, EN; Mamonova, NA; Samsonov, MY; Tarkhova, EP; Yushchuk, ND; Znoyko, OO, 2019)	0.51
"Systemic therapy for pediatric desmoid tumors has been challenged by a lack of high-quality clinical evidence and potential adverse effects."	( Safety and efficacy of gamma-secretase inhibitor nirogacestat (PF-03084014) in desmoid tumor: Report of four pediatric/young adult cases. Janeway, KA; Prensner, JR; Robson, CD; Takahashi, T; Weigel, BJ, 2020)	0.56
" Increased bilirubin was the most common grade 3 or 4 laboratory adverse event (n = 15."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Virus Therapy in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Individuals: Results From a Pan-European Study. Aho, I; Amele, S; Bhagani, S; Chkhartisvili, N; Clarke, A; Domingo, P; Falconer, K; Fonquernie, L; Jabłonowska, E; Leen, C; Lundgren, J; Maltez, F; Matulionyte, R; Mocroft, A; Peters, L; Rockstroh, J; Rodger, A; Sarcletti, M; Stephan, C; Szlavik, J; Wandeler, G; Zaccarelli, M; Østergaard, L, 2021)	0.62
" It was associated with high risk IFN-related adverse reactions due to reduced renal clearance of IFN."	( Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ribavirin in management of Egyptian chronic hepatitis C virus patients with chronic kidney disease: A real-life experience. Abd-Elsalam, S; Abo-Amer, YE; Ahmed, R; Badawi, R; El-Abgeegy, M; Elguindy, AMA; Elkadeem, M; Elsergany, HF; Elshweikh, SA; Hawash, N; Mansour, L; Mohmed, AA; Soliman, MY; Soliman, S, 2020)	0.56
"SOF-based pangenotypic DAAs including SOF plus DCV and SOF plus VEL, were effective and safe for CHC patients without GT determination in this study."	( Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C patients without genotype determination: Real-world experience of a retrospective study. Chen, EQ; Chen, XB; Jiang, W; Li, J; Tao, YC; Wang, ML; Wang, YH; Wu, DB; Xiao, GB, 2020)	0.56
" The most common adverse events were fatigue (12."	( Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir ± Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience. Akarca, US; Akarsu, M; Akbulut, S; Akın, M; Aladağ, M; Albayrak, B; Alkım, H; Atalay, R; Balkan, A; Balkan, Y; Çoban, M; Coşar, AM; Danış, N; Değertekin, B; Demir, M; Demircan, M; Dinçer, D; Doğanay, L; Dursun, H; Erarslan, E; Göktürk, HS; Gündüz, F; Güneş, Ş; Gürel, S; Güzelbulut, F; Harputluoğlu, M; İnci, İ; Irak, K; Kaçar, S; Kani, HT; Kartal, A; Kefeli, A; Koklu, H; Mert, A; Nuriyev, K; Özakyol, A; Özdoğan, O; Öztaşkın, S; Sen, İ; Şimşek, H; Soylu, A; Sümer, H; Temel, T; Üçbilek, E; Uğurlu, ÇB; Uyanıkoğlu, A; Vatansever, S; Yalçın, K; Yaras, S; Yıldırım, E, 2020)	0.56
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were pyrexia (35 [12%]), cough (26 [9%]), upper respiratory tract infection (23 [8%]), and headache (20 [7%])."	( Efficacy and safety of ravidasvir plus sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (STORM-C-1): interim analysis of a two-stage, open-label, multicentre, single arm, phase 2/3 trial. Andrieux-Meyer, I; Avihingsanon, A; Bompart, F; Chan, WK; Cressey, TR; Goyal, V; Hassan, MRA; Khemnark, S; Kumar, S; Menétrey, C; Murad, S; Ngo-Giang-Huong, N; Omar, H; Pécoul, B; Said, HRHM; Salvadori, N; Simon, F; Siva, S; Swanson, A; Tan, SS; Tee, HP; Thanprasertsuk, S; Thetket, K; Thongsawat, S; Yerly, S, 2021)	0.62
" Virological response (VR) was measured, as well as the biochemical parameters related to treatment efficacy and adverse events at baseline and after treatment, at 4 (VR4) and 12 (VR12) weeks post-treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir plus Paritaprevir, Ritonavir and Ribavirin in Non-cirrhotic Treatment-naïve and Treatment-experienced Egyptians with Chronic HCV Genotype-4 Infection. Ahmed, M; Gomaa, AA; Mansey, AE; Rabea, HM; Wahsh, EA, 2021)	0.62
"Liver malignant tumors (LMTs) represent a serious adverse drug event associated with drug-induced liver injury."	( Molecular Initiating Events Associated with Drug-Induced Liver Malignant Tumors: An Integrated Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and Toxicity Predictions. Kurosaki, K; Uesawa, Y, 2021)	0.62
"DCV 30 mg OD was predicted to achieve effective and safe exposures in children 14 to <35 kg, perhaps down to 10 kg."	( Effective and Safe Daclatasvir Drug Exposures Predicted in Children Using Adult Formulations. Abbassi, M; Al-Nahari, M; Cressey, TR; Easterbrook, P; El-Sayed, MH; Farid, S; Indolfi, G; Lallemant, M; Penazzato, M, 2021)	0.62
" Safety outcomes included adverse events and standard laboratory assessments."	( Safety, Tolerability, and Biologic Activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Baum, SJ; Chakravarthy, MV; Chera, H; Gunn, NT; Harrison, SA; Kohli, A; Koziel, MJ; Patil, R; Younes, ZH; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.62
" Study products were safe and well tolerated with stable lipid and weight profiles."	( Safety, Tolerability, and Biologic Activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Baum, SJ; Chakravarthy, MV; Chera, H; Gunn, NT; Harrison, SA; Kohli, A; Koziel, MJ; Patil, R; Younes, ZH; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.62
"HCV-infected patients can be treated well with an interferon-free SOF/DAC regimen, tolerated with generally mild adverse effects with a higher SVR."	( Diagnostic approach to elucidate the efficacy and side effects of direct-acting antivirals in HCV infected patients. Alsrhani, A; Alzahrani, B; Ejaz, H; Gohar, UF; Junaid, K; Mukhtar, H; Qamar, MU; Younas, S, 2021)	0.62
" The most common adverse events were hepatic steatosis, upper respiratory tract infection, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, blood bilirubin increased, and total bile acids increased."	( Efficacy and safety of alfosbuvir plus daclatasvir in Chinese patients with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 6 infection: An open-label, phase 2 study. Chen, J; Gao, H; Guan, Y; Hua, R; Huang, Y; Jiang, Y; Kong, F; Li, C; Li, G; Ma, H; Mao, X; Meng, C; Niu, J; Tan, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Wen, X; Wu, Q; Xin, Y; Xiong, Q; Xu, B; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2022)	0.72
" In terms of safety, we monitored the development of adverse reactions, liver cytolysis, cholestasis, and hematologic disorders."	( A Real-World Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Paritaprevir/Ombitasvir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir, with or without Ribavirin, in 587 Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C at the Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania. Bacinschi, X; Gales, L; Haineala, B; Iliescu, L; Mercan, A; Popescu, GC; Rodica, A; Serban, D; Toma, L; Zgura, A, 2022)	0.72
" This study will be useful for promoting effective residue management and the safe use of these chemicals for controlling fungal diseases in grapes."	( Dissipation kinetics, safety evaluation, and decontamination of residues of the combo-formulation iprovalicarb 8.4% + copper oxychloride 40.6% WG in/on grapes ( Hingmire, S; Kadam, P; Shabeer Tp, A; Taynath, B; Verma, Y, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" By analyzing published data on ethylene oxide in man its half-life was estimated to be 42 min."	( Pharmacokinetics of ethylene in man; body burden with ethylene oxide and hydroxyethylation of hemoglobin due to endogenous and environmental ethylene. Denk, B; Ehrenberg, L; Filser, JG; Kessler, W; Törnqvist, M, 1992)	0.28
" Additional pharmacokinetic studies in dogs and monkeys revealed the potential utility of A-77003 as an intravenous anti-HIV agent."	( Antiviral and pharmacokinetic properties of C2 symmetric inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. Bryant, P; Codacovi, L; Kempf, DJ; Knigge, MF; Kohlbrenner, WE; Marsh, KC; Norbeck, DW; Paul, DA; Vasavanonda, S; Wang, XC, 1991)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated dose linear increases in mean steady-state concentrations."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of A77003, a C2 symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor. Boucher, CA; Granneman, R; Ho, DD; Hsu, A; Jurriaans, S; Reedijk, M; Sereni, D; Tzeng, TB; van Bommel, T; Veyssier, P, 1995)	0.29
"hr, respectively) and Cmax (8 and 23 microM, respectively) increasing nearly in proportion to the dose."	( Metabolic fate and pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir prodrug valaciclovir in cynomolgus monkeys. Burnette, TC; de Miranda, P, )	0.13
" Pharmacokinetic findings for valaciclovir and acyclovir were consistent in the two studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir pro-drug valaciclovir after escalating single- and multiple-dose administration to normal volunteers. Blum, MR; Burnette, T; Cederberg, DM; de Miranda, P; Doucette, M; Smiley, ML; Weller, S, 1993)	0.29
" This method holds promise as a way of quickly evaluating potential combinations of agents that takes into account the drug interaction in a mathematically robust way and that allows the evaluation of the effect of each drug's pharmacokinetic profile."	( Modeling combinations of antiretroviral agents in vitro with integration of pharmacokinetics: guidance in regimen choice for clinical trial evaluation. Bilello, JA; Bilello, PA; Drusano, GL; Prichard, M, 1996)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed for three groups: normotensive subjects given 500-mg doses of valaciclovir (n = 11), normotensive subjects given, 1,000-mg doses of valaciclovir (n = 9), and thiazide diuretic-treated hypertensive subjects given 500-mg doses of valaciclovir (n = 9)."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple-dose valaciclovir in geriatric volunteers with and without concomitant diuretic therapy. Blum, MR; Schultz, M; Smiley, ML; Wang, LH; Weller, S, 1996)	0.29
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nonpeptide angiotensin antagonists in humans are reviewed in this paper."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Biollaz, J; Brunner, HR; Buclin, T; Csajka, C, 1997)	0.3
"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between single oral doses of valsartan (160 mg) and furosemide (40 mg) were investigated in an open, randomized, three-period crossover study in twelve healthy male subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single oral doses of valsartan and furosemide. Bindschedler, M; de Gasparo, M; Degen, P; Flesch, G; Preiswerk, G, 1997)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic measurements included plasma concentrations of valsartan and furosemide, and urinary excretion of the latter."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single oral doses of valsartan and furosemide. Bindschedler, M; de Gasparo, M; Degen, P; Flesch, G; Preiswerk, G, 1997)	0.3
" Inter- and intra-individual variability of the pharmacokinetic variables was high for both furosemide and valsartan."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single oral doses of valsartan and furosemide. Bindschedler, M; de Gasparo, M; Degen, P; Flesch, G; Preiswerk, G, 1997)	0.3
" In addition, to determine the exposure to valsartan when liver function is impaired, a pharmacokinetic study (open, single dose) was performed in patients with mild and moderate impairment of liver function."	( Pharmacokinetics of valsartan in patients with liver disease. Benjamin, IS; Brookman, LJ; Flesch, G; Lloyd, P; Mullins, F; Palmer, KR; Rolan, PE; Sioufi, A; Waldmeier, F; Wyld, PJ, 1997)	0.3
"Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic effects and tolerability of 200 mg valsartan, once-daily for 8 days, were investigated in 16 healthy, normotensive volunteers on a normal sodium diet."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan at steady state in healthy, normotensive subjects. de Gasparo, M; Flesch, G; Gasparini, M; Howald, H; Müller, P, 1997)	0.3
" Therefore, an interaction trial was performed to evaluate the effects of co-administration of V on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol (A), and vice versa, and to monitor the pharmacodynamic response of plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations and plasma renin activity (PRA), as well as of heart rate and blood pressure, under resting and exercise conditions."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single doses of valsartan and atenolol. Czendlik, CH; Howald, H; Preiswerk, G; Sioufi, A, 1997)	0.3
"The objective was to obtain preliminary pharmacokinetic data for acyclovir from gravid women receiving herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy with the acyclovir prodrug valacyclovir."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in late pregnancy. Andrews, WW; Hauth, JC; Kimberlin, DF; Lakeman, F; Miller, G; Weller, S; Whitley, RJ, 1998)	0.3
" Acyclovir pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained after the initial dose (36 weeks) and at steady state (38 weeks)."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in late pregnancy. Andrews, WW; Hauth, JC; Kimberlin, DF; Lakeman, F; Miller, G; Weller, S; Whitley, RJ, 1998)	0.3
" There was no significant difference in drug elimination half-life or in time to peak concentration between valacyclovir and acyclovir recipients at either sampling interval."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in late pregnancy. Andrews, WW; Hauth, JC; Kimberlin, DF; Lakeman, F; Miller, G; Weller, S; Whitley, RJ, 1998)	0.3
" The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by pharmacokinetic modelling."	( Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in immunocompromized children with leukopenia and mucositis after chemotherapy: can intravenous acyclovir be substituted by oral valacyclovir? Eksborg, S; Kalin, M; Pal, N; Palm, C; Söderhäll, S, 2002)	0.31
"Valacyclovir was administered to 28 immunocompromised children (ages 5-12 years) to obtain preliminary pharmacokinetic and safety information."	( An investigation of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir in immunocompromised children. Floret, D; Leibundgut, K; Leverger, G; Nadal, D; Perel, Y; Sokal, EM; Weller, S, 2002)	0.31
" On day 7 of each dosing period, serial blood samples were obtained over 12 h for pharmacokinetic assessment."	( Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of valsartan in patients with heart failure. Glazer, R; Gurrieri, P; McLeod, J; Prasad, PP; Yeh, CM, 2002)	0.31
" Doses of either suspension or tablets were administered every 8 hours for four doses, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine aciclovir serum concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of valaciclovir in children with Epstein-Barr virus illness. Deeter, RG; Fish, DN; Simon, MW, 2002)	0.31
"The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic interactions of a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV-1) antagonist of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) [2-(R)-[N-methyl-N-(1-(R)-3-(S)-((4-(3-benzyl-1-ethyl-(1H)-pyrazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopent-1-yl)amino]-3-methylbutanoic acid (MRK-1)] with ritonavir were evaluated in rats and monkeys."	( Pharmacokinetics and interactions of a novel antagonist of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) with ritonavir in rats and monkeys: role of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Baillie, TA; Chen, Q; Chiu, SH; Didolkar, V; Franklin, RB; Iliff, SA; Kumar, S; Kwei, GY; Lin, JH; Pearson, PG; Poon, GK; Wang, RW; Wang, Y; Yamazaki, M, 2003)	0.32
" In this article, we describe correlations of pharmacokinetic parameters following oral valacyclovir or acyclovir administration with expression levels of intestinal genes in humans."	( Gene expression in the human intestine and correlation with oral valacyclovir pharmacokinetic parameters. Amidon, GL; Barnett, JL; Foster, DR; Landowski, CP; Menon, SS; Ramachandran, C; Sun, D; Welage, LS, 2003)	0.32
" However, the compound exhibits a relatively short half-life and incomplete oral bioavailability in humans."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-O-valinate-hydrochloride as a prodrug of the anti-HIV nucleoside 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine. Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Cooperwood, JS; Huang, SH; Kong, L, 2003)	0.32
" The AT(1)R antagonist valsartan (160 mg) was given to all the subjects, and blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Rheumatoid arthritis does not reduce the pharmacodynamic response to valsartan. Daneshtalab, N; Jamali, F; Lewanczuk, RZ; Russell, A, 2004)	0.32
"To investigate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and aciclovir or valaciclovir."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil and valaciclovir or aciclovir to healthy subjects. Bidault, R; Bourdon, O; Foeillet, E; Garret, C; Gimenez, F; Singlas, E; Weller, S, 2004)	0.32
" The following pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for aciclovir, mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its inactive glucuronide metabolite (MPAG) from the plasma concentration-time data using noncompartmental methods: area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC infinity), terminal elimination half-life (t1/2z), peak concentration (Cmax) and time to Cmax (tmax)."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil and valaciclovir or aciclovir to healthy subjects. Bidault, R; Bourdon, O; Foeillet, E; Garret, C; Gimenez, F; Singlas, E; Weller, S, 2004)	0.32
" Four open-label studies investigated the pharmacokinetic interactions between aliskiren 300 mg and the antihypertensive drugs amlodipine 10 mg (n = 18), valsartan 320 mg (n = 18), hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg (HCTZ, n = 22) and ramipril 10 mg (n = 17) in healthy subjects."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions of aliskiren, a novel direct renin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension, with the antihypertensives amlodipine, valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and ramipril in healthy volunteers. Bizot, MN; Denouel, J; Dieterich, HA; Dole, WP; Kemp, C; Vaidyanathan, S; Valencia, J; Yeh, CM; Zhao, C, 2006)	0.33
"The potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between valsartan, an antihypertensive drug, and simvastatin, a lipid-lowering agent, was investigated in this study."	( Evaluation of a pharmacokinetic interaction between valsartan and simvastatin in healthy subjects. Humbert, H; Pommier, F; Prasad, P; Reynolds, CV; Sunkara, G; Yeh, C, 2007)	0.34
" This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of fixed dose combination (FDC) of nebivolol and valsartan formulation product after an oral administration to healthy human subjects."	( Simultaneous determination of fixed dose combination of nebivolol and valsartan in human plasma by liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Gowda, KV; Mandal, U; Pal, TK; Selvan, PS; Solomon, WD, 2007)	0.34
"We conducted 3 open-label, multiple-dose, 3-period, randomized, crossover studies in healthy subjects to assess the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and representatives of 3 commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug classes: (1) the calcium channel blocker, amlodipine; (2) the angiotensin receptor blocker, valsartan; and (3) the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril."	( Vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, has no pharmacokinetic interactions with the antihypertensive agents amlodipine, valsartan, and ramipril in healthy subjects. Campestrini, J; Dole, K; Dole, WP; He, YL; Howard, D; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Marion, A; Pommier, F; Sabo, R; Sunkara, G; Wang, Y; Zhao, C, 2008)	0.35
"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects obtained by gastroretentive dosage form (GRDF) for drugs absorbed by passive paracellular diffusion (atenolol, acyclovir) or active transport (valacyclovir)."	( Selection of drug candidates for gastroretentive dosage forms: pharmacokinetics following continuous intragastric mode of administration in a rat model. Hoffman, A; Kagan, L, 2008)	0.35
" This report describes acyclovir pharmacokinetics following valacyclovir administration in immunocompromised pediatric patients, compares pharmacokinetic parameters following oral valacyclovir and IV acyclovir, and provides a limited assessment of efficacy in the setting of active herpes zoster infection."	( Valacyclovir and acyclovir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised children. Aleksic, A; Berg, S; Blaney, S; Bomgaars, L; Serabe, B; Thompson, P, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic data are available for 32 patients following valacyclovir (15 mg/kg) administration, 11 of whom also had pharmacokinetic sampling following IV acyclovir administration."	( Valacyclovir and acyclovir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised children. Aleksic, A; Berg, S; Blaney, S; Bomgaars, L; Serabe, B; Thompson, P, 2008)	0.35
" Because the body weight of most children in groups 3 and 4 exceeds 40 kg and they received a dose of less than 2 mg/kg, major pharmacokinetic parameters are dose normalized for comparison across the age groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of valsartan in pediatric and adolescent subjects with hypertension. Batisky, DL; Blumer, J; Shi, V; Solar-Yohay, S; Sunkara, G; Wells, T, 2009)	0.35
" This novel method has been applied to human pharmacokinetic study."	( Development and validation of a highly sensitive and robust LC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of simvastatin acid, amlodipine and valsartan in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Mullangi, R; Ramani, AV; Sengupta, P, 2009)	0.35
" A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination best described the acyclovir concentration-time data."	( Population pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in children and young people with malignancy after administration of intravenous acyclovir or oral valacyclovir. Blair, EY; Coakley, JC; Earl, JW; McLachlan, AJ; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K; Zeng, L, 2009)	0.35
"The objective of this work was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to assess the influence of subject covariates on the pharmacokinetics of valsartan in children."	( Population pharmacokinetics of valsartan in pediatrics. Habtemariam, B; Jarugula, V; Kern, S; Pillai, G; Sallas, W; Sunkara, G, 2009)	0.35
" As a result of the species differences in clearance, the half-life ranged from 10 min in mouse (at low dose) to 5h in monkey."	( In vivo and in vitro characterization of ethyl methanesulfonate pharmacokinetics in animals and in human. Birnböck, H; Götschi, A; Lavé, T; Pähler, A; Ramp, T, 2009)	0.35
" Based on the 90% confidence interval of the individual ratios for Cmax and AUC0-inf, it was concluded that the test formulation is bioequivalent to the reference Hyzaar formulation with respect to the rate and extent of absorption of both LOS and HCTZ."	( Simultaneous determination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma by LC/MS/MS with electrospray ionization and its application to pharmacokinetics. Andraus, MH; Azevedo, CP; Borges, BC; Borges, NC; Moreira, RF; Moreno, RA; Salvadori, MC, 2009)	0.35
" Acyclovir pharmacokinetic parameters do not correlate with response metrics."	( Valacyclovir pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics in young adults with Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. Anderson, BJ; Balfour, HH; Brundage, RC; Vezina, HE; Weller, DR, 2010)	0.36
"The aim of this study was to evaluate a strategy based on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the prediction of PK profiles in human using in vitro data when elimination of compounds relies on active transport processes."	( Prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of valsartan in human based on in vitro uptake transport data. Cascais, AC; Funk, C; Lavé, T; Poirier, A, 2009)	0.35
"The aim of this study was to evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting PK profiles in humans based on a model refined in rats and humans in vitro uptake-transport data using valsartan as a probe substrate."	( Prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of valsartan in humans based on in vitro uptake-transport data. Cascais, AC; Funk, C; Lavé, T; Poirier, A, 2009)	0.35
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected during the 6 h after the first dose."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of extemporaneously compounded valacyclovir oral suspension in pediatric patients from 1 month through 11 years of age. Bradley, JS; Heitman, CK; Jacobs, RF; Kimberlin, DW; Man, CY; van der Walt, JS; Weller, S, 2010)	0.36
" Finally, the validated UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study after either didanosine or valdidanosine orally administrated to the Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Simultaneous determination of didanosine and its amino acid prodrug, valdidanosine by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Chang, Y; Fu, Q; He, Z; Meng, P; Sun, J; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Xu, Y; Yan, Z; Zhu, M, 2010)	0.36
" The mean dose-adjusted area under the concentration curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC(0-12)) and AUC(0-6) of MPA co-administered with telmisartan were significantly lower than that without ARB (98 vs."	( Effect of telmisartan, valsartan and candesartan on mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetics in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Habuchi, T; Inoue, T; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Ohkubo, T; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2009)	0.35
" In the present study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of two oral formulations of valsartan tablets were compared in a randomized, single oral dose, two-treatment crossover design in 24 healthy male volunteers under fasting conditions."	( Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of two brands of valsartan tablets in healthy male volunteers. Islambulchilar, Z; Nemati, M; Valizadeh, H; Zakeri-Milani, P, 2010)	0.36
" Although the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of valsartan have been well characterized, a literature search did not identify any reports concerning the bioavailability of valsartan in the Indian population."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of three oral formulations of valsartan 160 mg: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover comparison in healthy Indian male volunteers. Batolar, LS; Iqbal, M; Khuroo, A; Monif, T; Sharma, PL; Tandon, M, 2010)	0.36
"This study was undertaken to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of 2 branded generic valsartan formulations (tests A and B) with a branded innovator product (reference) in healthy Indian male subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of three oral formulations of valsartan 160 mg: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover comparison in healthy Indian male volunteers. Batolar, LS; Iqbal, M; Khuroo, A; Monif, T; Sharma, PL; Tandon, M, 2010)	0.36
"This single-dose, randomized, open-label, 3-period crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic properties of 3 marketed brands of valsartan 160-mg tablets in healthy Indian male volunteers aged 18 to 45 years under fasting conditions."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of three oral formulations of valsartan 160 mg: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover comparison in healthy Indian male volunteers. Batolar, LS; Iqbal, M; Khuroo, A; Monif, T; Sharma, PL; Tandon, M, 2010)	0.36
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic profiling were taken up to 24 h post-dose."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of valacyclovir hydrochloride capsules after single dose administration in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Lin, H; Mao, GG; Tian, JX; Tian, Y; Zhang, ZJ, 2010)	0.36
"The steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction potential between amlodipine (10 mg), valsartan (320 mg), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 25 mg) was evaluated in patients with hypertension in a multicenter, multiple-dose, open-label, 4-cohort, parallel-group study."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions between amlodipine, valsartan, and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension. Ayalasomayajula, S; Bhad, P; Jarugula, V; Karan, R; Leon, S; Riviere, GJ; Sunkara, G, 2011)	0.37
"The study was an open label, one-sequence cross-over pharmacokinetic study in HIV-negative adults."	( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between steady-state tipranavir/ritonavir and single-dose valacyclovir in healthy volunteers. Castles, MA; Cong, XJ; Kraft, MF; MacGregor, TR; Mauss, S; Sabo, JP; Wallace, L, 2011)	0.37
"To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and evaluate the PK interaction of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) used alone and in combination with benazepril (BENA) or valsartan (VAL) in healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic profiles of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with benazepril or valsartan in healthy Chinese volunteers: evaluation of the potential interaction. Huang, Y; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Liu, H; Tian, L; Xie, S; Xu, L, 2011)	0.37
" The apparent terminal half-life (t(1/2)) and the time to C(max) (tmax) were unchanged between the two studies."	( Pharmacokinetic profiles of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with benazepril or valsartan in healthy Chinese volunteers: evaluation of the potential interaction. Huang, Y; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Liu, H; Tian, L; Xie, S; Xu, L, 2011)	0.37
" We studied the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of KR-66223 in rats, monkeys, and dogs to predict PK/PD profiles in humans."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of KR-66223, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor. Ahn, JH; Ahn, SH; Bae, MA; Choi, SH; Kim, MS; Kwon, HJ; Lee, KR; Lee, SH; Rhee, SD; Song, IS; Song, JS, 2012)	0.38
" The elongated half-life (t(1/2)) and stable blood concentrations for compound 4 due to the hydrolysis of the ester group in the second barrier were demonstrated in pharmacokinetic experiments."	( Synthesis, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics studies of valsartan peptide derivatives. Chen, J; Cheng, Z; He, L; Hu, G; Hu, Y; Li, Q; Li, Y; Wu, C, 2012)	0.38
" The aim of these studies was to assess the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor being developed for the treatment of T2DM, and four medications commonly prescribed in patients with T2DM and cardiovascular disease: simvastatin, valsartan, warfarin, and digoxin."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions between dapagliflozin and simvastatin, valsartan, warfarin, or digoxin. Boulton, DW; Chang, M; Griffen, SC; Kasichayanula, S; LaCreta, FP; Liu, X; Shyu, WC, 2012)	0.38
"Potential pharmacokinetic interactions between 20 mg dapagliflozin, 40 mg simvastatin, or 320 mg valsartan were assessed in an open-label, randomized, five-period, five-treatment, unbalanced crossover study in 24 healthy subjects."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions between dapagliflozin and simvastatin, valsartan, warfarin, or digoxin. Boulton, DW; Chang, M; Griffen, SC; Kasichayanula, S; LaCreta, FP; Liu, X; Shyu, WC, 2012)	0.38
"The aim of this study was to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between pitavastatin and valsartan in healthy male volunteers in Korea."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between pitavastatin and valsartan: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Jin, S; Jung, JA; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Noh, YH, 2012)	0.38
" Plasma samples were obtained at steady state for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of pitavastatin and valsartan."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between pitavastatin and valsartan: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Jin, S; Jung, JA; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Noh, YH, 2012)	0.38
"The pharmacokinetic profiles of pitavastatin and valsartan administered as monotherapy were comparable to combination treatment in these healthy male Korean volunteers, suggesting that individual pharmacokinetic properties are not significantly affected by concurrent administration."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between pitavastatin and valsartan: a randomized, open-labeled crossover study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Bae, KS; Jin, S; Jung, JA; Kim, MJ; Kim, YH; Lim, HS; Noh, YH, 2012)	0.38
" Quercetin significantly increases the plasma concentration of valsartan and peak concentration (70."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between quercetin and valsartan in rats and in vitro models. Babu, PR; Challa, SR; Challa, VR; Johnson, B; Maheswari, C, 2013)	0.39
" The optimized formulation obtained was then tested in rats for an in vivo pharmacokinetic study."	( Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. Ahad, A; Aqil, M; Kohli, K; Mujeeb, M; Sultana, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Human pharmacokinetic (PK) predictions play a critical role in assessing the quality of potential clinical candidates where the accurate estimation of clearance, volume of distribution, bioavailability, and the plasma-concentration-time profiles are the desired end points."	( Predicting pharmacokinetic profiles using in silico derived parameters. Hosea, NA; Jones, HM, 2013)	0.39
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of typical ARBs in the dog."	( Pharmacokinetics of angiotensin II receptor blockers in the dog following a single oral administration. Baek, IH; Kwon, KI; Lee, BY; Lee, ES, 2013)	0.39
" The pharmacokinetic properties of each drug after co-administration of VAL and HCT were compared with those of each drug administered alone."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide: an open-label, randomized, 4-period crossover study in healthy Egyptian male volunteers. Hedaya, MA; Helmy, SA, 2013)	0.39
" The interaction of HCT with other angiotensin-receptor blockers should be investigated to determine whether this interaction is limited to VAL or if other angiotensin-receptor blockers have the same pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide: an open-label, randomized, 4-period crossover study in healthy Egyptian male volunteers. Hedaya, MA; Helmy, SA, 2013)	0.39
"The goal of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of single administration of a newly developed FDC tablet containing amlodipine orotate 10 mg and valsartan 160 mg (test formulation) with the conventional FDC tablet of amlodipine besylate 10 mg and valsartan 160 mg (reference formulation) in healthy male Korean volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of 2 fixed-dose combination tablets of amlodipine and valsartan in healthy male Korean volunteers: a randomized, open-label, 2-period, single-dose, crossover study. Bahng, MY; Chae, D; Kim, Y; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Son, M, 2013)	0.39
" Blood samples were collected up to 144 hours after the dose, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for amlodipine and valsartan."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of 2 fixed-dose combination tablets of amlodipine and valsartan in healthy male Korean volunteers: a randomized, open-label, 2-period, single-dose, crossover study. Bahng, MY; Chae, D; Kim, Y; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Son, M, 2013)	0.39
" The time to peak concentration of acyclovir was 3- to 10-fold longer in KO compared with WT mice."	( Impact of peptide transporter 1 on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of valacyclovir after oral dose escalation in wild-type and PepT1 knockout mice. Hu, Y; Smith, DE; Yang, B, 2013)	0.39
"The pharmacokinetic data support coadministration of daclatasvir with atazanavir/ritonavir, efavirenz and/or tenofovir."	( Assessment of pharmacokinetic interactions of the HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir with antiretroviral agents: ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, efavirenz and tenofovir. Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Grasela, D; Hartstra, J; Hwang, C; Kandoussi, H; Oosterhuis, B; Sevinsky, H; Tiessen, R; Velinova-Donga, M, 2013)	0.39
" In a prior Phase I study, GSK2336805 was well tolerated and had an antiviral and pharmacokinetic profile suitable for once-daily administration."	( A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of GSK2336805 when given as monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected Adkison, K; Cutrell, A; Elko-Simms, C; Gardner, S; Hamatake, R; Hong, Z; Rodriguez-Torres, M; Walker, J, 2014)	0.4
"The solubility of valsartan is dependent on pH and thus may cause patient variability in drug absorption and failure in bioequivalence studies; thus, increasing the solubility and release of valsartan at low pH has been suggested for a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile."	( Pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of valsartan 160-mg tablets: A randomized, single-dose, 2-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers. Cho, HJ; Ki, MH; Kim, DD; Kim, JE; Kim, RS; Tae Kim, G; Yoon, IS, 2014)	0.4
" Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the plasma valsartan concentration was analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS."	( Pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of valsartan 160-mg tablets: A randomized, single-dose, 2-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers. Cho, HJ; Ki, MH; Kim, DD; Kim, JE; Kim, RS; Tae Kim, G; Yoon, IS, 2014)	0.4
"The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a transdermal gel formulation of valsartan using Box-Behnken design and to evaluate it for pharmacokinetic study."	( Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats. Ahad, A; Aqil, M; Kohli, K; Mujeeb, M; Sultana, Y, 2014)	0.4
" In vivo pharmacokinetic study of VGF-OPT-transdermal therapeutic system containing iso-eucalyptol showed a significant increase in the bioavailability (2."	( Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats. Ahad, A; Aqil, M; Kohli, K; Mujeeb, M; Sultana, Y, 2014)	0.4
" This study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and tolerability profiles of cilnidipine and valsartan, both alone and in combination, in healthy male subjects."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions between cilnidipine and valsartan, in healthy volunteers. Jang, K; Lee, H; Lee, J; Lim, KS; Shin, D; Yu, KS, 2014)	0.4
"Assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) in healthy male Japanese subjects."	( Single- and multiple-ascending dose studies to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in healthy male Japanese subjects. Bertz, RJ; Bifano, M; Eley, T; Hiraoka, M; Nagashima, H; Shiozaki, T; Ueno, T; Yamahira, N, 2015)	0.42
" DCV was readily absorbed, with median tmax of ~ 1 - 2 hours postdose and concentrations declining in a multi-phasic manner."	( Single- and multiple-ascending dose studies to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in healthy male Japanese subjects. Bertz, RJ; Bifano, M; Eley, T; Hiraoka, M; Nagashima, H; Shiozaki, T; Ueno, T; Yamahira, N, 2015)	0.42
"A preliminary population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of valacyclovir in children was developed from non-compartmental analysis (NCA) parameter values from literature, including several age groups, combined with Bayesian priors from a PopPK model of acyclovir, the active metabolite of valacyclovir, from literature too."	( Development of a paediatric population pharmacokinetic model for valacyclovir from literature non-compartmental values originating from sparse studies and Bayesian priors: a simulation study. Dokoumetzidis, A; Kechagia, IA, 2015)	0.42
" JNJ-56914845 plasma AUC0-∞ was 26%, 52%, and 45% lower in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment, respectively, relative to healthy subjects with no difference in half-life among the groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor JNJ-56914845 (GSK2336805) in subjects with hepatic impairment. Adkison, KK; Berg, J; Dumont, E; Elko-Simms, L; Galloway, C; Gan, J; Gardner, S; Jones, LS; Marbury, T; Saunders, J; Smith, W; Stump, PJ, 2015)	0.42
" Plasma samples were collected through 144 hours after administration for pharmacokinetic assessments."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of co-administered paritaprevir plus ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir in hepatic impairment. Awni, WM; Bernstein, BM; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Khatri, A; Lawitz, EJ; Marbury, TC; Menon, RM; Mullally, VM; Podsadecki, TJ, 2015)	0.42
" To date, no pharmacokinetic studies of BCAAs in vivo useful for the assessment of clinical effect following daily intake has been reported."	( Simultaneous determination of leucine, isoleucine and valine in Beagle dog plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, X; Jiang, X; Wang, L; Wang, T; Xie, H, 2015)	0.42
" The aim of the study was to extrapolate the approved dosages of acyclovir, to valacyclovir dosages, in children using Monte Carlo simulations based on the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of valacyclovir and acyclovir."	( Extrapolation of Valacyclovir Posology to Children Based on Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Dokoumetzidis, A; Kalantzi, L; Kechagia, IA, 2015)	0.42
" Raltegravir pharmacokinetic parameters remained unchanged whether administered on or off anti-HCV therapy."	( Raltegravir Pharmacokinetics in Patients on Asunaprevir-Daclatasvir. Barrail-Tran, A; Cheret, A; Furlan, V; Molina, JM; Piroth, L; Rosa, I; Rosenthal, E; Taburet, AM; Vincent, C, 2015)	0.42
"Total exposure, measured by area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), was generated for the DAAs, ritonavir, and ribavirin using population pharmacokinetic modeling of data (N = 2093 patients) from 6 Phase 3 studies and 1 Phase 2 study."	( Effects of Mild and Moderate Renal Impairment on Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Ribavirin Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Chronic HCV Infection. Badri, PS; Eckert, D; Menon, RM; Mensing, S; Polepally, AR, 2017)	0.46
" The success of these dosing recommendations was evaluated by analyzing pharmacokinetic data from liver transplant recipients in the CORAL-I study."	( Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving 3 Direct-Acting Antivirals as Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Parikh, A, 2016)	0.43
"A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using tacrolimus dosing and Ctrough data before and during 3D treatment (n = 29)."	( Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving 3 Direct-Acting Antivirals as Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Parikh, A, 2016)	0.43
"A one-compartment model with first-order absorption adequately described tacrolimus pharmacokinetic profiles during the first 4 weeks of 3D treatment."	( Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving 3 Direct-Acting Antivirals as Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Parikh, A, 2016)	0.43
"Using data from a phase III clinical trial (GIFT-I) that enrolled Japanese patients with HCV genotype 1b infection, population pharmacokinetic models were developed for the drugs that comprise the 2D regimen: paritaprevir, ombitasvir, and ritonavir."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir, and Ritonavir in Japanese Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Infection. Gopalakrishnan, SM; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Mensing, S; Polepally, AR, 2017)	0.46
"Population pharmacokinetic modeling did not reveal any patient-related or clinical parameters that would require dose adjustment of the 2D regimen when used for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b infection in Japanese patients."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir, and Ritonavir in Japanese Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Infection. Gopalakrishnan, SM; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Mensing, S; Polepally, AR, 2017)	0.46
"The population pharmacokinetic models for each component of the 3D ± ribavirin regimen (DAAs and ritonavir, n = 2348) and ribavirin (n = 1841) adequately described their respective plasma concentration-time data."	( Population pharmacokinetics of paritaprevir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir, ritonavir and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: analysis of six phase III trials. Awni, WM; Dutta, S; Eckert, D; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Mensing, S; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Sharma, S, 2017)	0.46
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ombitasvir are similar in healthy subjects and HCV-infected patients, and are not appreciably altered by hepatic or renal impairment."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Ombitasvir. Badri, PS; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Shuster, DL, 2017)	0.46
" We performed a pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation study by integrating the existing understanding of physiology with previously published data to evaluate the vitreal penetration of oral valacyclovir for the treatment of ARN, under various dosing scenarios."	( Valacyclovir as Initial Treatment for Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study. Fung, M; Ivaturi, V; Jain, A; Liu, T; Vinnard, C, 2017)	0.46
" Pharmacokinetic curves were recorded at steady-state."	( Metformin and daclatasvir: absence of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic drug interaction in healthy volunteers. Aarnoutse, RE; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; de Kanter, CTMM; Drenth, JPH; Smolders, EJ; Tack, CJ; van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer, N; Velthoven-Graafland, K; Wolberink, LT, 2017)	0.46
" Pharmacodynamic parameters were also comparable between treatments."	( Metformin and daclatasvir: absence of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic drug interaction in healthy volunteers. Aarnoutse, RE; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; de Kanter, CTMM; Drenth, JPH; Smolders, EJ; Tack, CJ; van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer, N; Velthoven-Graafland, K; Wolberink, LT, 2017)	0.46
" Terminal elimination half-life for both VBZ and NBI-98782 was ~20 hours."	( Single Dose and Repeat Once-Daily Dose Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Valbenazine in Healthy Male Subjects. Bozigian, H; Jimenez, R; Loewen, G; Luo, R; O'Brien, CF, 2017)	0.46
" The goal of this analysis was to develop a platform model that simultaneously described antibody-conjugated MMAE (acMMAE) pharmacokinetic (PK) data from eight vc-MMAE ADCs, against different targets and tumor indications; and to assess differences and similarities of model parameters and model predictions, between different compounds."	( Platform model describing pharmacokinetic properties of vc-MMAE antibody-drug conjugates. Agarwal, P; Chen, SC; Fine, BM; Gibiansky, L; Girish, S; Jin, JY; Kågedal, M; Koppada, N; Li, C; Lu, D; Saad, O; Samineni, D; Wang, B; Wang, X; Xu, J, 2017)	0.46
" Although promising as an AD treatment, tramiprosate exhibited two limiting deficiencies: high intersubject pharmacokinetic (PK) variability likely due to extensive gastrointestinal metabolism, and mild-to-moderate incidence of nausea and vomiting."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Safety of ALZ-801, a Novel Prodrug of Tramiprosate in Development for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Abushakra, S; Amedio, J; Hey, JA; Kaplan, PL; Kocis, P; Power, A; Tolar, M; Versavel, M; Yu, JY, 2018)	0.48
" Daclatasvir undergoes rapid absorption, with a time to reach maximum plasma concentration of 1-2 h and an elimination half-life of ~ 10 to 14 h observed in single-ascending dose studies."	( Daclatasvir: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Bertz, RJ; Eley, T; Fura, A; Gandhi, Y; Garimella, T; Li, W, 2018)	0.48
" It is known to have potential to encumber the drug transporters and hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes that lead to pharmacokinetic interactions with drug or food."	( Intervention of curcumin on oral pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir in rat: A possible risk for long-term use. Bhatt, S; Dogra, A; Gour, A; Kotwal, P; Magotra, A; Nandi, U; Sharma, A; Singh, G; Wazir, P, 2018)	0.48
" Areas covered: This article reviews the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the DCV-TRIO combination."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of daclatasvir, asunaprevir plus beclabuvir as a fixed-dose co-formulation for the treatment of hepatitis C. Esposito, I; Marciano, S; Trinks, J, 2018)	0.48
" Intensive or sparse pharmacokinetic sampling was performed for assessments of plasma drug concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetics of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, and Dasabuvir in Healthy Chinese Subjects and HCV GT1b-Infected Chinese, South Korean and Taiwanese Patients. Alves, K; Ding, B; Luo, Y; Menon, RM; Mobashery, N; Wang, H; Yu, C; Zha, J; Zhao, W, 2019)	0.51
"Collectively, the results of these pharmacokinetic analyses support the use of the same dose of the 3D regimen for Asian and Western patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, and Dasabuvir in Healthy Chinese Subjects and HCV GT1b-Infected Chinese, South Korean and Taiwanese Patients. Alves, K; Ding, B; Luo, Y; Menon, RM; Mobashery, N; Wang, H; Yu, C; Zha, J; Zhao, W, 2019)	0.51
" Expert opinion: This combination, taken orally with or without food, has an excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the combination of daclatasvir/sofosbuvir/ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Brieva, T; Frias, M; Rivero, A; Rivero-Juarez, A, 2018)	0.48
" The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of daclatasvir and asunaprevir were described by a 1-compartment model."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis for Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir in Japanese Subjects With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Garimella, T; Imai, Y; Ishikawa, H; Osawa, M; Ueno, T, 2018)	0.48
"Limited data exist on the pharmacokinetic profile of novel direct-acting antivirals in kidney transplant recipients."	( Pharmacokinetics of Daclatasvir, Sofosbuvir, and GS-331007 in a Prospective Cohort of Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Kidney Transplant Recipients. Algharably, E; Budde, K; Duerr, M; Glander, P; Halleck, F; Hoffmann, F; Jaeger, C; Kreutz, R; Lisec, J; Schrezenmeier, E; Schrezenmeier, J, 2019)	0.51
" This study provides the rationale for future studies investigating the pharmacokinetic profile of sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment in kidney transplant recipients with an eGFR <30 mL/min."	( Pharmacokinetics of Daclatasvir, Sofosbuvir, and GS-331007 in a Prospective Cohort of Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Kidney Transplant Recipients. Algharably, E; Budde, K; Duerr, M; Glander, P; Halleck, F; Hoffmann, F; Jaeger, C; Kreutz, R; Lisec, J; Schrezenmeier, E; Schrezenmeier, J, 2019)	0.51
" The objectives of the analyses were to develop the daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir population pharmacokinetic models for the combination regimen."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Daclatasvir, Asunaprevir, and Beclabuvir Combination in HCV-Infected Subjects. Garimella, T; Ishikawa, H; Li, H; Osawa, M; Shiozaki, T; Ueno, T, 2019)	0.51
" In addition, the study was extended to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between DCV and a co-prescribed antidepressant drug, fluoxetine (FLX) in real blood samples, collected from volunteering patients who were diagnosed with HCV and treated with DCV alone or combined with FLX."	( A clinical study for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic interaction between daclatasvir and fluoxetine. Abdul-Rahman, E; Ali, R; Elsutohy, MM; Khorshed, A; Oraby, M, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic data on both calcineurin inhibitors and direct-acting antiviral exposure in liver transplant recipients remain sparse."	( Comparison of the effect of direct-acting antiviral with and without ribavirin on cyclosporine and tacrolimus clearance values: results from the ANRS CO23 CUPILT cohort. Barrail-Tran, A; Botta-Fridlund, D; Cagnot, C; Canva, V; Coilly, A; Conti, F; D'Alteroche, L; Danjou, H; De Ledinghen, V; Duclos-Vallée, JC; Durand, F; Duvoux, C; Fougerou-Leurent, C; Gelé, T; Goldwirt, L; Houssel-Debry, P; Kamar, N; Laforest, C; Lavenu, A; Leroy, V; Moreno, C; Pageaux, GP; Radenne, S; Samuel, D; Taburet, AM, 2019)	0.51
" This study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and effectiveness of daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (DAC/SOF) and ledipasvir/SOF (LDV/SOF) in HD patients."	( Effect of Hemodialysis on Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Sofosbuvir Coformulated with Either Daclatasvir or Ledipasvir in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Feng, Z; Gao, H; Huang, R; Li, Z; Liang, X; Lin, T; Liu, S; Ma, J; Wang, X; Xu, L; Zhang, L, 2020)	0.56
"The approved technique was effectively applied for a pharmacokinetic (PK) study after single oral gavage administration of RAV at a dose of 35 mg/kg and it could be presumed that the proposed assay can be applied to clinical trials."	( Validated Microwell-Based Spectrofluorimetric Method for Quantification of Ravidasvir (New Anti-Chronic Hepatitis C Virus-GT4) in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. Al-Rashood, S; Al-Shehri, M; Alanazi, M; Alsaif, N; El-Gendy, M; Hammad, S; Hefnawy, M; Mohammed, M; Obaidullah, A, 2020)	0.56
" To assess the pharmacokinetic profile of daclatasvir in vivo, rats were divided into three groups receiving either saline, standard P-gp inhibitor verapamil (25 mg/kg), or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), 2 hrs prior to a single dose of daclatasvir (7 mg/kg)."	( Effect of Atorvastatin on Single Oral Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Daclatasvir in Rats: Emphasis on P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450. El-Demerdash, E; Elbadawy, HA; Wahdan, SA, 2022)	0.72
" In vivo, Cmax (peak plasma concentration) and area under the curve (AUC (0-t)) of daclatasvir after atorvastatin treatment increased compared to the vehicle group but not in a significant manner."	( Effect of Atorvastatin on Single Oral Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Daclatasvir in Rats: Emphasis on P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450. El-Demerdash, E; Elbadawy, HA; Wahdan, SA, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Glycine or DL-alpha-alanine potentiated the chemotherapeutic action of 3,6-diaminoacridinium without increasing its toxicity when these amino acids were combined with it simultaneously."	( Potentiated chemotherapeutic activity of 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-acridinium by combination with glycine or DL-alpha-alanine on the Ehrlich carcinoma. Osswald, H, 1975)	0.25
"The aim of this study was to compare the time-effect profiles of a once-daily administration of valsartan and amlodipine, each given alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, in terms of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension."	( Comparison of the effects on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure of valsartan and amlodipine, alone or in combination with a low-dose diuretic, in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension (Val-syst Study). Ambrosia, GB; Caiazza, A; Malacco, E; Mugellini, A; Palatini, P; Santonastaso, M; Spagnuolo, V, 2004)	0.32
" The aims of the present study were to investigate, in the New Zealand genetically hypertensive (GH) rat model, the effects of treatment with simvastatin, alone or in combination with valsartan or enalapril, on blood pressure (BP) and structural remodelling of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) and of the basilar artery, an artery that plays a major role in the regulation of cerebral resistance."	( Effect of simvastatin given alone and in combination with valsartan or enalapril on blood pressure and the structure of mesenteric resistance arteries and the basilar artery in the genetically hypertensive rat model. Laverty, R; Ledingham, JM, )	0.13
"To observe the effects of routine doses of benazepril combined with valsartan on congestive heart failure."	( [Effects of benazepril combined with valsartan on congestive heart failure]. Liu, DS; Ye, JF, 2005)	0.33
"To assess whether treatment with insulin-sensitizing agents (ISAs) in combination with ezetimibe and valsartan have greater effect on hepatic fat content and lipid peroxidation compared to monotherapy in the methionine choline-deficient diet (MCDD) rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	( Effect of insulin-sensitizing agents in combination with ezetimibe, and valsartan in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Assy, N; Bersudsky, I; Grozovski, M; Hussein, O; Szvalb, S, 2006)	0.33
"To attain recent goals of blood pressure (BP) control, multiple drug therapy combinations are required, including higher doses of thiazide diuretics in combination with other classes of antihypertensive drug therapy."	( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan vs valsartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily for the treatment of hypertension. Davidai, G; Koval, SE; Murwin, D; Neutel, JM; Punzi, HA; White, WB, 2006)	0.33
" We investigated the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren, alone or in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan."	( Aliskiren, an orally effective renin inhibitor, provides antihypertensive efficacy alone and in combination with valsartan. Aldigier, JC; Azizi, M; Chiang, Y; Januszewicz, A; Pool, JL; Satlin, A; Schmieder, RE; Zidek, W, 2007)	0.34
" The results of additional experiments presented here indicate that the RNase G mutation, in combination with cra mutation, caused the increased production of pyruvic acid from glucose, which was then preferentially converted to valine due to the ilvIH mutation, resulting in depletion of isoleucine."	( Increased production of pyruvic acid by Escherichia coli RNase G mutants in combination with cra mutations. Nagai, K; Nakamura, N; Sakai, T; Umitsuki, G; Wachi, M, 2007)	0.34
"In 2004-2005, the antihypertensive effects of telmisartan 80 mg versus valsartan 160 mg combined with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg were assessed in a large placebo-controlled trial in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension and demonstrated that both agents were highly effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) compared with placebo and that telmisartan lowered BP significantly greater than valsartan."	( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide: a large, confirmatory trial. Chrysant, SG; Davidai, G; Guthrie, R; Koval, SE; Murwin, D; White, WB, 2008)	0.35
"We investigated the role of Valsartan (V) alone or in combination with Simvastatin (S) on coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling, and tested the hypothesis that V or V/S attenuate the pro-inflammatory effect of low endothelial shear stress (ESS)."	( Attenuation of inflammation and expansive remodeling by Valsartan alone or in combination with Simvastatin in high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Baker, AB; Beigel, R; Chatzizisis, YS; Coskun, AU; Daley, W; Edelman, ER; Feldman, CL; Gerrity, RG; Jonas, M; Maynard, C; Stone, BV; Stone, PH, 2009)	0.35
"Two methods are presented for the determination of 'respectively' the plasma protein unbound and total concentration of acyclovir in horse plasma and body fluids: first, a liquid-liquid extraction was performed on plasma, combined with HPLC-fluorescence detection for the total plasma concentration; second a more sensitive method using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HESI-MS/MS) was described for plasma and for body fluids analysis."	( Determination of acyclovir in horse plasma and body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detection and heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Desmet, N; Garré, B; Maes, A; Nauwynck, H; van der Meulen, K, 2009)	0.35
"The antihypertensive effects of telmisartan 80 mg versus valsartan 160 mg, both combined with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg, were assessed in a pooled analysis from two large trials with identical study designs in patients with stage 1-2 hypertension."	( Impact of angiotensin receptor blockade in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg in 2121 patients with stage 1-2 hypertension. Davidai, G; Schumacher, H; White, WB, 2009)	0.35
" This study evaluates irbesartan in relation to commonly used alternative hypertension therapies losartan and valsartan given in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in the general hypertensive population in Greece."	( Economic evaluation of irbesartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension in Greece. Ekman, M; Fragoulakis, V; Maniadakis, N; Papagiannopoulou, V; Yfantopoulos, J, 2011)	0.37
"Based on efficacy data from clinical trials and lower attainment costs in various hypertensive patient populations, irbesartan in combination with HCTZ compares favorably with losartan and valsartan in combination with HCTZ in the Greek setting."	( Economic evaluation of irbesartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension in Greece. Ekman, M; Fragoulakis, V; Maniadakis, N; Papagiannopoulou, V; Yfantopoulos, J, 2011)	0.37
"We examined how genetic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] valine 66 to methionine [Val66Met] and serotonin receptor gene 3A [HTR3A]) and early life stress susceptibility factors interact in predicting electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry, emotion-elicited heart rate, and self-reported negativity bias, each correlates of risk for depression."	( Early life stress combined with serotonin 3A receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor valine 66 to methionine genotypes impacts emotional brain and arousal correlates of risk for depression. Clark, CR; Gatt, JM; Gordon, E; Nemeroff, CB; Paul, RH; Schofield, PR; Williams, LM, 2010)	0.36
"We report a case of a potential drug-drug interaction in a woman treated by a first injection of high-dose methotrexate for a T-lymphoblastic lymphoma."	( Suspicion of drug-drug interaction between high-dose methotrexate and proton pump inhibitors: a case report - should the practice be changed? Bouafia, F; Franchon, E; Gouraud, A; Pham, BN; Ranchon, F; Rioufol, C; Salles, G; Schwiertz, V; Vantard, N; Vial, T; You, B, 2011)	0.37
"To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and evaluate the PK interaction of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) used alone and in combination with benazepril (BENA) or valsartan (VAL) in healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic profiles of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with benazepril or valsartan in healthy Chinese volunteers: evaluation of the potential interaction. Huang, Y; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Liu, H; Tian, L; Xie, S; Xu, L, 2011)	0.37
" Overall, HCTZ alone as well as in combination with BENA and VAL was well tolerated within the scope of the current studies in Chinese health volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic profiles of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with benazepril or valsartan in healthy Chinese volunteers: evaluation of the potential interaction. Huang, Y; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Liu, H; Tian, L; Xie, S; Xu, L, 2011)	0.37
" Mean extraction recoveries of three QCs for the triple drug combination were 76."	( Simple RP-HPLC method for determination of triple drug combination of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. Pancholi, SS; Sharma, RN, 2012)	0.38
"To compare the effects of valsartan combined with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide regimen on blood pressure variation and plasma nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) in elderly hypertensive patients."	( [Effects of valsartan combined with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide regimen on blood pressure variation in elderly hypertensive patients]. Sun, CX; Tao, CW; Wu, ZB; Yu, QG; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
"Valsartan in combination with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide can both effectively lower BPV in elderly hypertensive patients and improve the vascular endothelial function and the former regimen is more suitable for elderly hypertensive patients."	( [Effects of valsartan combined with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide regimen on blood pressure variation in elderly hypertensive patients]. Sun, CX; Tao, CW; Wu, ZB; Yu, QG; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
"We compared the effects of exercise alone and in combination with a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) or an angiotensin receptor blocker (valsartan) in hypertensive patients."	( Effects of exercise therapy alone and in combination with a calcium channel blocker or an angiotensin receptor blocker in hypertensive patients. Ikeda, M; Ohta, M; Tajiri, Y; Yamato, H, 2012)	0.38
" PubMed searches were conducted to identify randomized trials (n = 14) comparing the two agents, alone or combined with hydrochlorothiazide."	( Telmisartan or valsartan alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide: a review. Lacourcière, Y, 2013)	0.39
" This 28-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated once daily GSK2336805 60 mg alone or in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a (180 μg per week) and ribavirin (1000-1200 mg daily) (PEG/RIBA) in treatment-naive genotype 1 CHC subjects."	( A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of GSK2336805 when given as monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected Adkison, K; Cutrell, A; Elko-Simms, C; Gardner, S; Hamatake, R; Hong, Z; Rodriguez-Torres, M; Walker, J, 2014)	0.4
"GSK2336805 is a potent NS5A inhibitor that showed a substantial antiviral effect as a monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin."	( A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of GSK2336805 when given as monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected Adkison, K; Cutrell, A; Elko-Simms, C; Gardner, S; Hamatake, R; Hong, Z; Rodriguez-Torres, M; Walker, J, 2014)	0.4
" We investigated the efficacy and safety of probucol (an anti-oxidant) combined with valsartan (an ARB) on the progression of IgA nephropathy."	( Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study. Feng, Z; Hou, S; Hu, H; Liang, Y; Shi, W; Shi, X; Wang, L; Wang, W; Xia, Y; Xu, L; Yan, H; Ye, Z; Zhang, B; Zhang, L; Zhong, W, 2014)	0.4
" Probucol combined with valsartan led to a more rapid decrease of 24-h urinary protein excretion than valsartan alone."	( Probucol combined with valsartan in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a multi-centre, open labelled, randomized controlled study. Feng, Z; Hou, S; Hu, H; Liang, Y; Shi, W; Shi, X; Wang, L; Wang, W; Xia, Y; Xu, L; Yan, H; Ye, Z; Zhang, B; Zhang, L; Zhong, W, 2014)	0.4
" In H460 xenografts, CKD-516 combined with gemcitabine significantly delayed tumor growth up to 57 % and 36 % as compared to control and gemcitabine alone, respectively."	( CKD-516 displays vascular disrupting properties and enhances anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy in a murine tumor model. Cha, H; Cho, WJ; Dung, le TK; Lee, HY; Lee, SJ; Min, YJ; Moon, CH; Park, JW, 2014)	0.4
"CKD-516 is a novel agent with vascular disrupting properties and enhances anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy."	( CKD-516 displays vascular disrupting properties and enhances anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy in a murine tumor model. Cha, H; Cho, WJ; Dung, le TK; Lee, HY; Lee, SJ; Min, YJ; Moon, CH; Park, JW, 2014)	0.4
" The efficacy and safety of daclatasvir combined with peginterferon alfa-2a (alfa-2a) and ribavirin were assessed in a randomized, double-blind Phase IIa study of Japanese patients with chronic HCV genotype-1 infection."	( Daclatasvir combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C genotype 1. Hu, W; Hughes, EA; Ishikawa, H; Izumi, N; Kawada, N; Kumada, H; McPhee, F; Osaki, Y; Sata, M; Ueki, T; Yamamoto, K; Yokosuka, O, 2014)	0.4
"Japanese patients who were treatment-naive (n=25) or prior null (n=12) or partial (n=5) responders received once-daily daclatasvir 10 mg or 60 mg or placebo in combination with alfa-2a and ribavirin."	( Daclatasvir combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C genotype 1. Hu, W; Hughes, EA; Ishikawa, H; Izumi, N; Kawada, N; Kumada, H; McPhee, F; Osaki, Y; Sata, M; Ueki, T; Yamamoto, K; Yokosuka, O, 2014)	0.4
"Daclatasvir combined with alfa-2a/ribavirin in treatment-naive patients showed greater efficacy than alfa-2a/ribavirin alone and was generally well tolerated."	( Daclatasvir combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C genotype 1. Hu, W; Hughes, EA; Ishikawa, H; Izumi, N; Kawada, N; Kumada, H; McPhee, F; Osaki, Y; Sata, M; Ueki, T; Yamamoto, K; Yokosuka, O, 2014)	0.4
" The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between simotinib and other drugs in combination and the underlying mechanism of its gastrointestinal toxicity remain unclear."	( Drug interaction studies reveal that simotinib upregulates intestinal absorption by increasing the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelial cells. Cheng, Z; Li, P; Liu, Z; Zhu, Q, 2014)	0.4
"To evaluate the anticancer efficacy of CKD-516, a novel vascular-disrupting agent, alone and in combination with doxorubicin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	( Enhanced efficacy of CKD-516 in combination with doxorubicin: pre-clinical evaluation using a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model. Chung, JW; Kim, DH; Kim, KW; Kim, SJ; Kim, YI; Lee, HK; Lee, JM; Park, J; Tseng, JC; Youn, H, 2014)	0.4
" In conclusion, we provide evidence that Notch is a therapeutic target in CLL cases with NOTCH1-activating mutations, supporting the use of Notch pathway inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy as a promising approach for the treatment of these high-risk CLL patients."	( The γ-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 combined with fludarabine antagonizes migration, invasion and angiogenesis in NOTCH1-mutated CLL cells. Aymerich, M; Campo, E; Colomer, D; López-Guerra, M; López-Otín, C; Matas-Céspedes, A; Montraveta, A; Pérez-Galán, P; Roldán, J; Rosich, L; Roué, G; Villamor, N; Xargay-Torrent, S, 2015)	0.42
"Little is known about the effects of drug-drug interactions between valacyclovir and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)."	( Acute kidney injury during concomitant use of valacyclovir and loxoprofen: detecting drug-drug interactions in a spontaneous reporting system. Jiang, P; Shi, J; Sun, H; Yue, Z, 2014)	0.4
" We have now compared the effects of the ARB valsartan combined with cilnidipine or amlodipine on cardiac pathophysiology in DS rats."	( Comparative effects of valsartan in combination with cilnidipine or amlodipine on cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Harada, E; Hattori, T; Matsuura, N; Murohara, T; Nagasawa, K; Nagata, K; Niinuma, K; Takahashi, K; Takatsu, M; Watanabe, S, 2015)	0.42
"Although cilnidipine and valsartan are widely coadministered to patients with hypertension, their drug-drug interaction potential has not been investigated."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions between cilnidipine and valsartan, in healthy volunteers. Jang, K; Lee, H; Lee, J; Lim, KS; Shin, D; Yu, KS, 2014)	0.4
"The treatment with Valsartan combined with Clopidogrel and Leflunomide can reduce the urinary proteins loss and renal function deterioration for IgA nephropathy patients and cause minimal adverse reactions."	( Valsartan combined with clopidogrel and/or leflunomide for the treatment of progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Chen, F; Cheng, G; Fang, Y; Guo, Y; Li, H; Liu, D; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Margetts, P; Tang, L; Zhao, Z, 2015)	0.42
" Thirteen studies were conducted to characterize drug-drug interactions for the 3D regimen of OBV, PTV/r, and DSV and various medications in healthy volunteers to inform dosing recommendations in HCV-infected patients."	( Drug-drug interaction profile of the all-oral anti-hepatitis C virus regimen of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Dutta, S; Hu, B; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Wang, H; Wang, T; Zha, J, 2015)	0.42
"Mechanism-based drug-drug interactions were evaluated for gemfibrozil, ketoconazole, carbamazepine, warfarin, omeprazole, digoxin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin."	( Drug-drug interaction profile of the all-oral anti-hepatitis C virus regimen of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Dutta, S; Hu, B; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Wang, H; Wang, T; Zha, J, 2015)	0.42
"To study the protective effects of valsartan (Val) and benazepril, (Ben) combined with atorvastatin (Ato), on cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in rats."	( Protective effects of valsartan and benazepril combined with atorvastatin on cardiorenal syndrome in rats. Chen, J; Hu, YJ; Peng, DF; Tang, SY, 2015)	0.42
"Valsartan and benazepril, combined with atorvastatin, can have significant protective effects on cardiorenal functions of rats with CRS, with no significant difference between these two drugs."	( Protective effects of valsartan and benazepril combined with atorvastatin on cardiorenal syndrome in rats. Chen, J; Hu, YJ; Peng, DF; Tang, SY, 2015)	0.42
" Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with cyclosporine and tacrolimus hindered the use of first-generation protease inhibitors in transplant recipients."	( An open-label investigation into drug-drug interactions between multiple doses of daclatasvir and single-dose cyclosporine or tacrolimus in healthy subjects. Adamczyk, R; Bertz, RJ; Bifano, M; Hwang, C; Kandoussi, H; Marion, A, 2015)	0.42
" Daclatasvir is a potent pangenotypic inhibitor of the HCV NS5A replication complex recently approved for HCV treatment in Europe and Japan in combination with other antivirals."	( Assessment of drug-drug interactions between daclatasvir and methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone. Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Bruce, RD; DeMicco, M; Garimella, T; Hwang, C; Kandoussi, H; Luo, WL; Wang, R; Wastall, P, 2015)	0.42
"05) were reduced in mice treated with VACV combined with ART versus VACV alone."	( Valacyclovir combined with artesunate or rapamycin improves the outcome of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in mice compared to antiviral therapy alone. Boivin, G; Canivet, C; Menasria, R; Piret, J; Rhéaume, C, 2015)	0.42
" Drug-drug interactions were evaluated in healthy volunteers to develop dosing recommendations for HCV-infected subjects."	( Drug Interactions with the Direct-Acting Antiviral Combination of Ombitasvir and Paritaprevir-Ritonavir. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Chiu, YL; Dutta, S; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Wang, H; Zha, J, 2016)	0.43
"VX-509 significantly improved the signs and symptoms of RA at weeks 12 and 24 compared with the placebo group when it was administered in combination with methotrexate."	( VX-509 (Decernotinib), an Oral Selective JAK-3 Inhibitor, in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Genovese, MC; Kinnman, N; Pacheco-Tena, C; van Vollenhoven, RF; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" A drug-drug interaction (DDI) study was conducted to guide dosing recommendations for UDCA and GCR when coadministered with the 2D regimen."	( Drug Interactions Between Hepatoprotective Agents Ursodeoxycholic Acid or Glycyrrhizin and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir in Healthy Japanese Subjects. Alves, K; Badri, PS; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Redman, R; Rodrigues, L; Uchiyama, N; Zha, J, 2015)	0.42
" This phase 1, drug-drug interaction, open-label, multiple-dose study enrolled 32 healthy subjects to receive the 3D or 2D regimen in combination with sofosbuvir."	( Drug-Drug Interactions between Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir-Ritonavir with or without Dasabuvir. Awni, WM; Cohen, D; Ding, B; Dutta, S; King, JR; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ, 2016)	0.43
" However, evening atazanavir plus ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir regimens are not recommended in combination with the 3D regimen."	( Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions Between Hepatitis C Antiviral Agents Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, and Dasabuvir and HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors. Awni, W; Dutta, S; Khatri, A; Menon, R; Podsadecki, T; Trinh, R; Wang, H, 2016)	0.43
"Daclatasvir (DCV) is a potent, pangenotypic nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor with demonstrated antiviral efficacy when combined with sofosbuvir (SOF) or simeprevir (SMV) with or without ribavirin (RBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection."	( Daclatasvir combined with sofosbuvir or simeprevir in liver transplant recipients with severe recurrent hepatitis C infection. Bahirwani, R; Berg, C; Brown, RS; Castells, L; Chacko, KR; Durand, CM; ElSharkawy, AM; Emond, B; Ferenci, P; Fontana, RJ; Herzer, K; Ionescu-Ittu, R; Jafri, SM; Joshi, S; Knop, V; Lionetti, R; Loiacono, L; Londoño, MC; Montalbano, M; Moreno-Zamora, A; Mubarak, A; Pellicelli, AM; Prieto, M; Reddy, KR; Stadler, B; Stauber, RE; Stenmark, S; Torti, C; Vekeman, F; Weiland, O, 2016)	0.43
" Drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies of the 3D regimen and commonly used medications were conducted in healthy volunteers to provide information on coadministering these medications with or without dose adjustments."	( Drug-Drug Interactions Between the Anti-Hepatitis C Virus 3D Regimen of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, and Dasabuvir and Eight Commonly Used Medications in Healthy Volunteers. Chiu, YL; Ding, B; Dumas, EO; Khatri, A; King, JR; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Shuster, DL, 2016)	0.43
" Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) based on P-gp/CYP3A interplay are of clinical importance and require preclinical investigation."	( The Consequence of Drug-Drug Interactions Influencing the Interplay between P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3a: An Ex Vivo Study with Rat Precision-Cut Intestinal Slices. de Graaf, IA; de Jager, MH; Groothuis, GM; Li, M; Siissalo, S; van Dam, A, 2016)	0.43
"The effect of three amino acid coatings (L-leucine, L-valine and L-phenylalanine) on particle integrity, aerosolization properties, cellular interaction, cytocompatibility, and drug permeation properties of drug combination powder particles (beclomethasone dipropionate and salbutamol sulphate) for dry powder inhalation (DPI) was investigated."	( Drug permeation and cellular interaction of amino acid-coated drug combination powders for pulmonary delivery. Bimbo, LM; Hirvonen, J; Kauppinen, EI; Raula, J; Vartiainen, V, 2016)	0.43
"To assess early effects on joint structures of VX-509 in combination with stable disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy using MRI in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	( Efficacy of VX-509 (decernotinib) in combination with a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and MRI findings. Genovese, MC; Kinnman, N; Yang, F; Østergaard, M, 2016)	0.43
" Patients with rheumatoid arthritis often receive multiple medications, such as statins and steroids, to manage the signs and symptoms of comorbidities, which increases the chances of drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( VX-509 (Decernotinib)-Mediated CYP3A Time-Dependent Inhibition: An Aldehyde Oxidase Metabolite as a Perpetrator of Drug-Drug Interactions. Chakilam, A; Hariparsad, N; Laitinen, L; Liao, S; Maltais, F; Tsao, H; Zetterberg, C, 2016)	0.43
" Drug-drug interactions between 2D (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir) or 3D (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir) regimens and omeprazole, a CYP2C19 substrate and acid-reducing agent, were evaluated in 24 healthy volunteers."	( Drug-Drug Interaction of Omeprazole With the HCV Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Ombitasvir With and Without Dasabuvir. Awni, WM; Dutta, S; Hu, B; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR, 2016)	0.43
" These data indicate that the 3-direct-acting-antiviral regimen can be administered with dolutegravir or abacavir plus lamivudine without dose adjustment."	( Drug-Drug Interaction between the Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimen of Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir-Ritonavir plus Dasabuvir and the HIV Antiretroviral Agent Dolutegravir or Abacavir plus Lamivudine. Khatri, A; Menon, R; Podsadecki, T; Trinh, R; Zhao, W, 2016)	0.43
" While direct-acting antiviral-based regimens have been shown to be greatly superior to pegIFN/RBV-based regimens in terms of efficacy and safety, they have a greater susceptibility to drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( A Review of Daclatasvir Drug-Drug Interactions. Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Eley, T; Garimella, T; Huang, SP; Kandoussi, H; Wang, R; You, X, 2016)	0.43
"Despite peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) being responsible for the bioavailability for a variety of drugs, there has been little study of its potential involvement in drug-drug interactions."	( In Vitro and Clinical Evaluations of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of a Metabotropic Glutamate 2/3 Receptor Agonist Prodrug with Intestinal Peptide Transporter 1. Annes, WF; Ayan-Oshodi, MA; Hillgren, KM; Knadler, MP; Leese, P; Long, AJ; Mitchell, MI; Pak, YA; Witcher, JW, 2017)	0.46
" Oral PF-03084014 was administered twice daily continuously in combination with intravenous docetaxel given on day 1 of each 21-day cycle."	( Phase I study of the gamma secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Aftimos, P; Awada, A; Cesari, R; Curigliano, G; Dees, EC; Huang, B; Jiang, Y; Kern, KA; Locatelli, MA; LoRusso, PM; Pegram, MD; Shaik, MN, 2017)	0.46
" No effect was observed on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel when administered in combination with PF-03084014."	( Phase I study of the gamma secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Aftimos, P; Awada, A; Cesari, R; Curigliano, G; Dees, EC; Huang, B; Jiang, Y; Kern, KA; Locatelli, MA; LoRusso, PM; Pegram, MD; Shaik, MN, 2017)	0.46
" Safe and efficacious antiviral regimens resulting in minimal to no drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with antiretrovirals are needed to ensure that patients coinfected with HCV and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) achieve 12-week sustained virologic response rates similar to HCV-monoinfected patients."	( Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir: Drug Interactions With Antiretroviral Agents and Drugs forSubstance Abuse. King, JR; Menon, RM, 2017)	0.46
"To assess drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential for the three direct-acting antiviral (3D) regimen of ombitasvir, dasabuvir, and paritaprevir, in vitro studies profiled drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter interactions."	( Mechanisms and Predictions of Drug-Drug Interactions of the Hepatitis C Virus Three Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimen: Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Ombitasvir, and Dasabuvir. Bow, DAJ; de Morais, SM; Fischer, V; Kavetskaia, O; Liu, J; Nijsen, MJMA; Shebley, M; Sydor, J, 2017)	0.46
"No drug-drug interaction study has been conducted to date for the combination of ombitasvir, paritaprevir/ritonavir, dasabuvir (3D), and mycophenolic acid (MPA)."	( Managing Drug-Drug Interaction Between Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Bellissant, E; Ben Ali, Z; Boglione-Kerrien, C; Guyader, D; Jezequel, C; Lemaitre, F; Tron, C; Verdier, MC, 2017)	0.46
" We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of SOF in combination with either SMV or DCV in GT4-infected patients."	( Efficacy and Safety of Simeprevir or Daclatasvir in Combination With Sofosbuvir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Infection. Alaseeri, A; Albenmousa, A; Albiladi, H; Alghamdi, AS; Aljarodi, M; Almugharbal, M; Alothmani, HS; Alsahafi, A; Babatin, MA; Bzeizi, KI; Sanai, FM, )	0.13
" When a combination therapy with interferon-free, direct-acting antivirals is used in patients post-transplantation, consideration of drug-drug interactions with and monitoring CyA are of vital importance."	( Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir-Ritonavir Therapy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection: A Case Report on the Importance of Considering Drug-Drug Interactions and Monitoring Cyclosporine Levels. Hashimoto, S; Hayashi, K; Nakagawa, Y; Saito, K; Takahashi, K; Takamura, M; Takeuchi, S; Tanabe, Y; Tasaki, M; Terai, S; Tomita, Y; Yamagiwa, S; Yoshida, T, 2018)	0.48
" In this open-label, single-arm acute trial, seventeen healthy male volunteers were administered with a naturally occurring product of known terpenes-namely mastiha-after overnight fasting."	( Modulation of Free Amino Acid Profile in Healthy Humans Administered with Mastiha Terpenes. An Open-Label Trial. Amerikanou, C; Kaliora, AC; Kalogeropoulos, N; Papada, E; Smyrnioudis, I; Torović, L, 2018)	0.48
" Treatment in the post-transplantation setting may be complicated by significant drug-drug interactions between antiviral agents and standard immune suppressive treatment regimens."	( Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir regimen may be used safely in combination with sirolimus for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Dolman, GE; Gelson, WT; Selby, P, 2018)	0.48
" It also inhibited daclatasvir-resistant mutant strains of HCV, especially in combination with daclatasvir."	( Antiviral effect of saikosaponin B2 in combination with daclatasvir on NS5A resistance-associated substitutions of hepatitis C virus. Hou, MC; Huang, YH; Lan, KH; Lan, KL; Lee, WP; Liao, SX, 2019)	0.51
" Therefore, we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of CKD-516 in combination with irradiation (IR) and examined tumor necrosis, delayed tumor growth, and expression of proteins involved in hypoxia and angiogenesis in this study."	( Anti-tumor efficacy of CKD-516 in combination with radiation in xenograft mouse model of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Jung, CK; Kang, JH; Kim, JO; Kim, MY; Kim, YS; Shin, JY; Son, KH, 2020)	0.56
" CKD-516 was administered with two treatment schedules (day 1 or days 1 and 5) 1 h after IR."	( Anti-tumor efficacy of CKD-516 in combination with radiation in xenograft mouse model of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Jung, CK; Kang, JH; Kim, JO; Kim, MY; Kim, YS; Shin, JY; Son, KH, 2020)	0.56
" Here, we describe the rationale and design of DREAMM-5, an ongoing Phase I/II platform study evaluating the safety and efficacy of belamaf combined with novel agents, including GSK3174998 (OX40 agonist), feladilimab (an ICOS; GSK3359609), nirogacestat (a gamma-secretase inhibitor; PF-03084014) and dostarlimab (a PD-1 blocker) versus belamaf monotherapy for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( Belantamab mafodotin in combination with novel agents in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: DREAMM-5 study design. Ahlers, CM; Brouch, M; Callander, N; Cheng, S; Ferron-Brady, G; Gupta, I; Hareth, N; Holkova, B; Im, E; Jackson, NA; Kremer, BE; Minnema, MC; Montes de Oca, R; Nooka, AK; Otero, PR; Paul, S; Quach, H; Richardson, P; Routledge, D; Smith, L; Song, K; Trudel, S; van de Donk, NW; Weisel, K, 2021)	0.62
"Although the combination with PrOD significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of CsA, it is effective and safe with regular monitoring of the CsA blood concentrations and appropriate CsA dose adjustment."	( Drug-Drug Interactions With Cyclosporine in the Anti-Hepatitis C Viral PrOD Combination Regimen of Paritaprevir/Ritonavir-Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir in Organ Transplant Recipients With Severe Hepatic Fibrosis or Cirrhosis. Chang, YL; Chou, YC; Hsu, CC; Huang, YH; Huang, YY; Loong, CC; Wu, TH, 2022)	0.72
"Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QEOrbitrap-MS/MS) was used to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of ginkgo flavone aglycone(GA) combined with doxorubicin(DOX) on H22 cells."	( [Cell metabolomics study of ginkgo flavone aglycone combined with doxorubicin against liver cancer in synergy]. Chen, JY; He, Y; Li, YJ; Liu, CH; Lu, Y; Song, ZJ; Wang, YL; Zhu, XQ, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The rate of absorption of from two to six of the amino acids tested was lower in 7 of the patients than in the control subjects."	( Malabsorption of essential amino acids in tropical sprue. Corcino, JJ; Klipstein, FA, 1975)	0.25
" After administration of the inhibitors to rats, short half-lives and, with two notable exceptions, moderate oral bioavailability were observed."	( Antiviral and pharmacokinetic properties of C2 symmetric inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. Bryant, P; Codacovi, L; Kempf, DJ; Knigge, MF; Kohlbrenner, WE; Marsh, KC; Norbeck, DW; Paul, DA; Vasavanonda, S; Wang, XC, 1991)	0.28
" The major decline in rate of absorption occurred before the period of weaning."	( Comparison of in vitro jejunal uptake of L-valine and L-lysine in the rat during maturation. Finch, MH; Smith, C; Younoszai, MK, 1985)	0.27
" These results were confirmed by experiments in vitro: isoleucine and valine inhibited the absorption rate of leucine, and leucine that of isoleucine and valine."	( Interference between leucine, isoleucine and valine during intestinal absorption. Guggenheim, K; Szmelcman, S, 1966)	0.24
" In the jejunum of control rats, rate of absorption of L-valine declined from about 270 to 80 mumol/h per g mucosal weight, between 2 and 4 wk of life."	( Intestinal maturation: effect of growth retardation on L-valine absorption. Younoszai, MK, 1984)	0.27
" The limited oral bioavailability of acyclovir necessitates frequent dosing."	( Valaciclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Andersen, PL; Beutner, KR; Forszpaniak, C; Friedman, DJ; Wood, MJ, 1995)	0.29
" These findings demonstrate that high oral bioavailability can be achieved in humans with peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV protease."	( ABT-538 is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease and has high oral bioavailability in humans. Denissen, JF; Fino, L; Flentge, CA; Green, BE; Kempf, DJ; Kong, XP; Marsh, KC; McDonald, E; Park, CH; Vasavanonda, S, 1995)	0.29
" The oral bioavailability of acyclovir derived from valaciclovir in cynomolgus monkey was 67 +/- 13%, representing a significant improvement over the limited bioavailability after acyclovir administration to primates."	( Metabolic fate and pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir prodrug valaciclovir in cynomolgus monkeys. Burnette, TC; de Miranda, P, )	0.13
" The first approach was directed towards improving the bioavailability of acyclovir by examining the potential of a variety of prodrugs, leading to the new compound valaciclovir hydrochloride."	( Review of research leading to new anti-herpesvirus agents in clinical development: valaciclovir hydrochloride (256U, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir) and 882C, a specific agent for varicella zoster virus. Beauchamp, LM; Darby, G; de Miranda, P; Ertl, P; Krenitsky, TA; Lacey, S; Powell, KL; Purifoy, DJ; Rahim, SG; Roberts, G, 1993)	0.29
" Valaciclovir is well absorbed and is rapidly converted to acyclovir, resulting in three- to fourfold higher acyclovir levels than can be achieved with oral acyclovir, even in patients with advanced HIV disease."	( Valaciclovir (BW256U87): the L-valyl ester of acyclovir. Jacobson, MA, 1993)	0.29
" Valaciclovir was rapidly and extensively converted to acyclovir, resulting in significantly greater acyclovir bioavailability (approximately threefold to fivefold) compared with that historically observed with high-dose (800 mg) oral acyclovir."	( Pharmacokinetics of the acyclovir pro-drug valaciclovir after escalating single- and multiple-dose administration to normal volunteers. Blum, MR; Burnette, T; Cederberg, DM; de Miranda, P; Doucette, M; Smiley, ML; Weller, S, 1993)	0.29
" The absolute bioavailability of acyclovir from valaciclovir and the metabolic disposition of valaciclovir were investigated with healthy volunteers in two separate studies."	( Absolute bioavailability and metabolic disposition of valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, following oral administration to humans. On, N; Posner, J; Rolan, P; Seaber, E; Soul-Lawton, J; Wootton, R, 1995)	0.29
"Oral administration of the prodrug valacyclovir results in enhanced bioavailability and significantly greater plasma concentrations of acyclovir than can be achieved with oral doses of acyclovir itself."	( Valacyclovir: a review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical efficacy. Beutner, KR, 1995)	0.29
"Valaciclovir, the 1-valyl ester of acyclovir, has provided a peroral acyclovir bioavailability 3 to 5 times that of acyclovir itself and is rapidly and completely converted to acyclovir by the liver."	( A large-scale, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of peroral valaciclovir for episodic treatment of recurrent herpes genitalis. Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Beutner, K; DeGregorio, B; Miller, C; Spruance, SL; Tyring, SK, )	0.13
" Bioavailability was then assessed by chick growth assay using purified crystalline AA diets deficient in Lys or Val that were supplemented with varying levels of the test AA, CSM,SBM, or AA mixtures simulating the digestible AA composition of CSM and SBM."	( Bioavailability of the digestible lysine and vilaine in cottonseed and soybean minerals. Fernandez, SR; Parsons, CM, 1996)	0.29
" The bioavailability of valacyclovir is 54% compared to approximately 20% for oral acyclovir."	( Valacyclovir. Acosta, EP; Fletcher, CV, 1997)	0.3
"Valacyclovir has improved bioavailability over acyclovir and is at least as efficacious."	( Valacyclovir. Acosta, EP; Fletcher, CV, 1997)	0.3
" Much of the current antiviral research focuses on providing drugs with (i) improved oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics which permit less frequent oral or topical dosing for suppressive treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, (ii) different mechanisms of action for synergic effects in treating resistant HSV infections in the immunocompromised host and (iii) improved efficacy."	( New therapeutic approaches to the alphaherpesvirus infections. Cassady, KA; Whitley, RJ, 1997)	0.3
" The bioavailability of aciclovir from oral valaciclovir is considerably greater than that achieved after oral aciclovir administration."	( Valaciclovir. A review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Faulds, D; Perry, CM, 1996)	0.29
" This series of inhibitors was found to exhibit poor bioavailability (< 10%) in the rat, following oral administration."	( Potent HIV protease inhibitors containing a novel (hydroxyethyl)amide isostere. Abraham, A; Anderson, PC; Beaulieu, PL; Bogri, T; Bousquet, Y; Croteau, G; Guse, I; Lamarre, D; Liard, F; Paris, W; Pav, S; Thibeault, D; Tong, L; Wernic, D, 1997)	0.3
" The diuretic effect of furosemide, as assessed by urinary water and electrolyte excretion, was unchanged after co-administration of valsartan, despite the lower bioavailability of furosemide after the combined treatment."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single oral doses of valsartan and furosemide. Bindschedler, M; de Gasparo, M; Degen, P; Flesch, G; Preiswerk, G, 1997)	0.3
"To determine whether the improved bioavailability of valaciclovir and a more convenient, less frequent dose regimen can maintain the clinical efficacy previously demonstrated for acyclovir."	( Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes infection. Results of an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The Valaciclovir International Herpes Simplex Virus Study Group. Barbarash, RA; Degregorio, B; Fife, KH; Roth, R; Rudolph, T, 1997)	0.3
" VACV demonstrates an oral bioavailability that is three to five time greater than acyclovir, concentration dependent, and saturable in humans."	( Carrier-mediated intestinal absorption of valacyclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir: 1. Interactions with peptides, organic anions and organic cations in rats. Balimane, PV; Sinko, PJ, 1998)	0.3
"2-Amino-6-fluoro-9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)purine (2) and its ester derivatives 4a-d were synthesized as potential prodrugs of acyclovir, and were evaluated for their oral acyclovir bioavailability in rats and in vivo antiviral efficacy in HSV-1-infected mice."	( Synthesis and evaluation of 2-amino-6-fluoro-9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)purine esters as potential prodrugs of acyclovir. Im, GJ; Kim, DK; Kim, HT; Kim, KH; Lee, N, 1998)	0.3
" New antiviral drugs with improved oral bioavailability (famciclovir and valaciclovir) allow a better efficacy."	( [Drug clinics. How I treat zona]. Nikkels, AF; Piérard, GE, 1999)	0.3
" Our results suggest that L-valine is a desirable L-amino acid for the esterification of poorly permeable drugs to enhance their oral bioavailability targeting intestinal PEPT1."	( Recognition of L-amino acid ester compounds by rat peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Hashimoto, Y; Inui, KI; Saito, H; Sawada, K; Terada, T, 1999)	0.3
" Simple qualitative indicators for structural modifications aimed at overcoming the emergence of HIV resistance to protease inhibitors and at increasing the bioavailability of pseudopeptide inhibitors are examined."	( Rational design of inhibitors for drug-resistant HIV-1 aspartic protease mutants. Frecer, V; Miertus, S; Romeo, D; Tossi, A, 1998)	0.3
" The interindividual variations of the bioavailability were 48."	( Bioavailability of aciclovir after oral administration of aciclovir and its prodrug valaciclovir to patients with leukopenia after chemotherapy. Eksborg, S; Grimfors, G; Gruber, A; Kalin, M; Palm, C; Steingrimsdottir, H, 2000)	0.31
" Famciclovir and valacyclovir offer improved oral bioavailability and convenient oral dosing schedules but are more expensive than acyclovir."	( Treatment of common cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections. Emmert, DH, 2000)	0.31
" The higher oral bioavailability of newer antiviral agents allows part of the extended treatment period of patients with herpes simplex encephalitis to be carried out as an ambulatory oral regimen."	( Use of oral valaciclovir in a 12-year-old boy with herpes simplex encephalitis. Chan, PK; Chow, PC; Huen, KF; Mak, AW; Peiris, JS, 2000)	0.31
" Oral valaciclovir provides significantly better oral bioavailability than oral aciclovir itself, contributing to the need for less frequent administration."	( Valaciclovir: a review of its long term utility in the management of genital herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections. Ormrod, D; Perry, CM; Scott, LJ, 2000)	0.31
" However, the low oral bioavailability of aciclovir has to some extent limited its efficacy in the treatment of herpes zoster and has prompted the development of the more readily absorbed oral prodrug valaciclovir."	( Valaciclovir: a review of its use in the management of herpes zoster. Goa, K; Ormrod, D, 2000)	0.31
" The bioavailability of valacyclovir is 54% compared to approximately 20% for oral acyclovir and may account for unexpected overdoses, which may lead to serious neurological toxicity."	( [Neurologic toxicity caused by zelitrex (valaciclovir) in 3 patients with renal failure. Is overdose associated with improvement of product bioavailability improvement?]. Bengler, C; Blayac, JP; Branger, B; Hillaire-Buys, D; Peyrière, H; Pinzani, V; Vécina, F, 2001)	0.31
" However, two pharmacokinetic problems have been identified: suboptimal oral bioavailability of peptidic inhibitors; and reduced cellular uptake of inhibitor that has become bound to alpha-acid glycoprotein."	( Update on HIV protease inhibitors. Vella, S, 1995)	0.29
" The mean absolute bioavailability of aciclovir from oral valaciclovir was 60 +/- 21%."	( Comparable aciclovir exposures produced by oral valaciclovir and intravenous aciclovir in immunocompromised cancer patients. Höglund, M; Ljungman, P; Weller, S, 2001)	0.31
" Its limited oral bioavailability and short half-life, however, necessitates frequent dosing."	( Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster. Chen, YS; Chiang, SC; Huang, CK; Lee, SS; Lin, HH; Lin, WR; Liu, YC; Tsai, HC; Wann, SR; Yen, MY, 2001)	0.31
" There was no effect of sex on acyclovir bioavailability with either drug."	( Comparative bioavailability of acyclovir from oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in patients treated for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection. Aoki, FY; Bras, AP; Sitar, DS, 2001)	0.31
" The treatment of these conditions has been advanced over the past two decades by the introduction of guanosine nucleoside antivirals such as valacyclovir (Valtrex), Glaxo Wellcome), the highly bioavailable prodrug of acyclovir (Zovirax), Glaxo Wellcome)."	( Valacyclovir in the treatment of genital herpes and herpes zoster. Baker, DA, 2002)	0.31
" Valacyclovir has good bioavailability and has not been studied for prophylaxis of HSV among PCT patients."	( Valacyclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of Herpes simplex virus reactivation in recipients of progenitor cells transplantation. Desmery, P; Dignani, MC; Intile, D; Mammana, L; Michelet, M; Milone, G; Mykietiuk, A; Pavlovsky, S, 2002)	0.31
" The bioavailability of acyclovir after oral administration of valacyclovir was 45% (median value; 95% CI: 37-55%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in immunocompromized children with leukopenia and mucositis after chemotherapy: can intravenous acyclovir be substituted by oral valacyclovir? Eksborg, S; Kalin, M; Pal, N; Palm, C; Söderhäll, S, 2002)	0.31
" In view of the high oral bioavailability of valaciclovir (the L-valyl ester of acyclovir) the risk of neurotoxicity becomes more prominent."	( Evaluation of valaciclovir dosage reduction in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Dhillon, S; Stathakis, C; Stathoulopoulou, F; Thodis, H; Vargemezis, V, 2002)	0.31
" The mean absolute bioavailability of aciclovir is of 54."	( [Valaciclovir]. Lebrun-Vignes, B, 2002)	0.31
" The peptide transporter on the corneal epithelium may be targeted to improve the ocular bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs."	( Mechanism of corneal permeation of L-valyl ester of acyclovir: targeting the oligopeptide transporter on the rabbit cornea. Anand, BS; Mitra, AK, 2002)	0.31
" Valacyclovir has greater oral bioavailability and requires less frequent dosing."	( Valacyclovir versus acyclovir for HSV prophylaxisin neutropenic patients. Barnett, MJ; Campbell, LM; Cox, VC; Epstein, JB; Marra, F; Ransier, A; Warkentin, DI; Yip, JG, 2002)	0.31
" Valacyclovir enhances acyclovir bioavailability compared with orally administered acyclovir."	( Valacyclovir for herpes simplex virus infection: long-term safety and sustained efficacy after 20 years' experience with acyclovir. Baker, D; Snowden, W; Tyring, SK, 2002)	0.31
" By using historical data for intravenous acyclovir as reference, the overall estimate of acyclovir bioavailability from valacyclovir was 48%, 2- to 4-fold greater than for oral acyclovir."	( An investigation of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir in immunocompromised children. Floret, D; Leibundgut, K; Leverger, G; Nadal, D; Perel, Y; Sokal, EM; Weller, S, 2002)	0.31
" The relative bioavailability of the valaciclovir tablets compared with the suspension was 115 +/- 32%."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of valaciclovir in children with Epstein-Barr virus illness. Deeter, RG; Fish, DN; Simon, MW, 2002)	0.31
"Oral valacyclovir is better absorbed than oral acyclovir, increasing acyclovir bioavailability three- to fivefold."	( High-dose, short-duration, early valacyclovir therapy for episodic treatment of cold sores: results of two randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. Barber, J; Blatter, MM; Goldstein, D; Hill, J; Jones, TM; Schultz, M; Spruance, SL; Vargas-Cortes, M, 2003)	0.32
" Although the systemic pharmacokinetics of MRK-1 in rats and monkeys were linear, the oral bioavailability increased with an increase in dose from 2 to 10 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetics and interactions of a novel antagonist of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) with ritonavir in rats and monkeys: role of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Baillie, TA; Chen, Q; Chiu, SH; Didolkar, V; Franklin, RB; Iliff, SA; Kumar, S; Kwei, GY; Lin, JH; Pearson, PG; Poon, GK; Wang, RW; Wang, Y; Yamazaki, M, 2003)	0.32
" Oral valacyclovir, which is converted in the body to acyclovir, has greater oral bioavailability than oral acyclovir and compared with oral acyclovir yields similar acyclovir plasma concentrations with less frequent (twice-daily) dosing."	( Clinical utility of oral valacyclovir compared with oral acyclovir for the prevention of herpes simplex virus mucositis following autologous bone marrow transplantation or stem cell rescue therapy. Broun, ER; DeVoe, M; Eisen, D; Essell, J; Sigmund, D, 2003)	0.32
" Valacyclovir, a prodrug of acyclovir with a higher level of bioavailability than acyclovir, has also been shown to be effective in preventing CMV disease when given as prophylactic treatment."	( Comparative study of prophylactic oral ganciclovir and valacyclovir in high-risk kidney transplant recipients. Beaulieu, J; Dworkin, L; Gohh, R; Monaco, A; Morrissey, P; Shemin, D; Yango, A; Zanabli, A, 2003)	0.32
"The plasma bioavailability for acyclovir, valacyclovir and val-valacyclovir were similar with area under curve values being 896."	( Ocular penetration of acyclovir and its peptide prodrugs valacyclovir and val-valacyclovir following systemic administration in rabbits: An evaluation using ocular microdialysis and LC-MS. Atluri, H; Dias, C; Mitra, A; Nashed, Y, 2002)	0.31
" The increased bioavailability of valacyclovir is attributed to carrier-mediated intestinal absorption, via the hPEPT1 peptide transporter, followed by the rapid and complete conversion to acyclovir."	( Identification of a human valacyclovirase: biphenyl hydrolase-like protein as valacyclovir hydrolase. Amidon, GL; Chu, XY; Kim, I; Kim, S; Lee, KD; Provoda, CJ, 2003)	0.32
"A series of dipeptide prodrugs of antiviral nucleoside acyclovir (ACV) were designed to target the oligopeptide transporter on the cornea with an aim of improving the ocular bioavailability and therapeutic activity of ACV."	( Novel dipeptide prodrugs of acyclovir for ocular herpes infections: Bioreversion, antiviral activity and transport across rabbit cornea. Anand, B; Mitra, A; Nashed, Y, )	0.13
"Variability in valacyclovir bioavailability and the potential for cephalexin-valacyclovir interaction were evaluated."	( Intra- and interindividual variabilities of valacyclovir oral bioavailability and effect of coadministration of an hPEPT1 inhibitor. Anderle, P; Chin-Hong, P; Guglielmo, BJ; Lin, ET; Phan, DD; Sadee, W, 2003)	0.32
" We conclude that the improved bioavailability previously reported for valacyclovir in plasma results in higher concentrations in CSF, while the CSF/serum AUC ratio remains constant."	( Acyclovir levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration of valacyclovir. Lycke, J; Malmeström, C; Ståhle, L, 2003)	0.32
" Over the past two decades, the treatment of these conditions has been transformed by guanosine nucleoside antivirals such as valacyclovir (Valtrex, a highly bioavailable prodrug of acyclovir (Zovirax, and famciclovir (Famvir), a highly bioavailable prodrug of penciclovir (Denavir)."	( Valacyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and other viral infections. Brentjens, MH; Lee, P; Torres, G; Tyring, SK; Wu, JJ; Yeung-Yue, K, )	0.13
" However, the compound exhibits a relatively short half-life and incomplete oral bioavailability in humans."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-O-valinate-hydrochloride as a prodrug of the anti-HIV nucleoside 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine. Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Cooperwood, JS; Huang, SH; Kong, L, 2003)	0.32
" These results suggest that the combination of an ARB and an ACEI exerts an additive inhibitory effect, presumably through an increase in production and bioavailability of NO from the endothelium."	( Combined treatment with an AT1 receptor blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor has an additive effect on inhibiting neointima formation via improvement of nitric oxide production and suppression of oxidative stress. Katayama, S; Morita, T; Yagi, S, 2004)	0.32
" Enhanced bioavailability of VACV has been attributed to its carrier-mediated intestinal absorption via hPEPT1 peptide transporter followed by rapid and complete conversion to ACV."	( Pharmacokinetics of novel dipeptide ester prodrugs of acyclovir after oral administration: intestinal absorption and liver metabolism. Anand, BS; Katragadda, S; Mitra, AK, 2004)	0.32
" This drug's short serum half-life and low oral bioavailability make frequent dosing necessary, however, and we therefore sought to determine if the pro-drug valacyclovir, which has improved bioavailability, could be successfully substituted for this indication."	( Oral valacyclovir as prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus reactivation during high dose chemotherapy for leukemia. Ambinder, RF; Gore, SD; Hartley, EE; Miller, CB; Mills, SR; Orlowski, RZ; Piantadosi, S; Ye, X, 2004)	0.32
" Prodrugs have therefore been synthesized to increase protease inhibitor bioavailability and brain distribution."	( Investigation of oral bioavailability and brain distribution of the Ind(8)-Val conjugate of indinavir in rodents. Couet, W; Greiner, J; Olivier, JC; Pariat, C; Pereira de Oliveira, M; Roche, D; Vierling, P, 2005)	0.33
"The absolute bioavailability of the prodrug valacyclovir, the l-valyl ester of acyclovir, after oral administration is approximately 54."	( Stability of valacyclovir: implications for its oral bioavailability. Amidon, GL; Granero, GE, 2006)	0.33
" While there is no cure for these conditions, treatment to alleviate symptoms, suppress recurrences and reduce transmission has been drastically improved over the past 20 years with the use of guanine nucleoside antivirals, such as valacyclovir hydrochloride (Valtrex), GlaxoSmithKline) the highly bioavailable prodrug of acyclovir (Zovirax((R)), GlaxoSmithKline), and famciclovir (Famvir, Novartis), a highly bioavailable prodrug of penciclovir (Denavir, Novartis)."	( Valacyclovir for the treatment of genital herpes. Brantley, JS; Hicks, L; Sra, K; Tyring, SK, 2006)	0.33
" Absorption rate constants of all the compounds were found to be lower than the elimination rate constants."	( In vivo ocular pharmacokinetics of acyclovir dipeptide ester prodrugs by microdialysis in rabbits. Anand, BS; Gunda, S; Katragadda, S; Mitra, AK, )	0.13
"We investigated the acute or chronic effects of angiotensin (Ang) II on the bioavailability of NO in Ang II-infused rabbits using the catheter-type NO sensor."	( Effects of angiotensin II on NO bioavailability evaluated using a catheter-type NO sensor. Akasaka, T; Goto, M; Imanishi, T; Kobayashi, K; Kuroi, A; Mochizuki, S; Yoshida, K, 2006)	0.33
" NO bioavailability and NAD(P)H oxidase activity were evaluated by chemiluminescence."	( Angiotensin II/AT2 receptor-induced vasodilation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats involves nitric oxide and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Ebrahimian, T; Gratton, JP; He, Y; Savoia, C; Schiffrin, EL; Touyz, RM, 2006)	0.33
" Two prodrugs (3 and 4) created by conjugating ethylene glycol-linked amino acids (L-Val, L-Phe) with the cyclic form of cidofovir (cHPMPC) via a P-O ester bond were synthesized and their pH-dependent stability (3 and 4), potential for in vivo reconversion to drug (3), and oral bioavailability (3) were evaluated."	( Synthesis and biological activation of an ethylene glycol-linked amino acid conjugate of cyclic cidofovir. Borysko, KZ; Breitenbach, JM; Drach, JC; Eriksson, U; Hilfinger, JM; Kashemirov, BA; Kijek, P; Kim, JS; McKenna, CE; Mitchell, S, 2007)	0.34
"The effect of colitis induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in rats on the bioavailability of drugs transported by the oligopeptide transporter PepT-1 was analyzed by studying the pharmacokinetics of PepT-1 substrates: cephalexin and valacyclovir, the prodrug of antiviral acyclovir."	( Regulation of the oligopeptide transporter, PEPT-1, in DSS-induced rat colitis. Bado, A; Beaufils, B; Buyse, M; Farinotti, R; Hindlet, P; Radeva, G; Walker, F, 2007)	0.34
" The first aim was to evaluate the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of acyclovir in horses after intravenous (i."	( Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous infusion of acyclovir and after oral administration of acyclovir and its prodrug valacyclovir in healthy adult horses. Baert, K; Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Deprez, P; Garré, B; Gryspeerdt, A; Nauwynck, H; Shebany, K; van der Meulen, K, 2007)	0.34
" Here, we used the genotype of the Val158Met polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) as an index of relative cortical dopamine bioavailability and tuning efficiency, to examine the spatial and subprocess specificity by which dopaminergic modulation occurs within the prefrontal-parietal-striatal network during WM, thus empirically showing that dopamine plays key roles in updating and stabilizing new information at the neural systems level."	( Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met modulation of prefrontal-parietal-striatal brain systems during arithmetic and temporal transformations in working memory. Callicott, JH; Chen, Q; Goldberg, TE; Mattay, VS; Meyer-Lindenberg, A; Tan, HY; Weinberger, DR, 2007)	0.34
" For atenolol (highly soluble drug), GInf resulted in a prolonged Tmax and reduced Cmax in comparison to PO, whereas bioavailability was similar."	( Selection of drug candidates for gastroretentive dosage forms: pharmacokinetics following continuous intragastric mode of administration in a rat model. Hoffman, A; Kagan, L, 2008)	0.35
" The mean bioavailability of acyclovir from valacyclovir was 64%."	( Valacyclovir and acyclovir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised children. Aleksic, A; Berg, S; Blaney, S; Bomgaars, L; Serabe, B; Thompson, P, 2008)	0.35
"We investigated whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, improves NO bioavailability and protects against spontaneous atherosclerotic changes."	( Renin inhibitor aliskiren improves impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and protects against atherosclerotic changes. Akasaka, T; Goto, M; Ikejima, H; Imanishi, T; Kitabata, H; Kuroi, A; Mochizuki, S; Muragaki, Y; Takarada, S; Tanimoto, T; Tsujioka, H; Yoshida, K, 2008)	0.35
"We investigated the effects of co-administration of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) on nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits with our newly developed NO sensor."	( Combined effects of an 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist on nitric oxide bioavailability and atherosclerotic change in myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Akasaka, T; Goto, M; Ikejima, H; Imanishi, T; Kobayashi, K; Kuroi, A; Mochizuki, S; Muragaki, Y; Shiomi, M; Tsujioka, A; Tsujioka, H; Yoshida, K, 2008)	0.35
" dose showed a rapid T(max) value of 15 min followed by biphasic elimination (t(1/2), approximately 20 min and t(1/2), approximately 5 h) and an estimated oral bioavailability of approximately 15%."	( Involution of collagen-induced arthritis with an angiogenesis inhibitor, PPI-2458. Banquerigo, ML; Brahn, E; Lee, S; Schoettler, N, 2009)	0.35
" EMS was well absorbed and exhibited close to 100% oral bioavailability."	( In vivo and in vitro characterization of ethyl methanesulfonate pharmacokinetics in animals and in human. Birnböck, H; Götschi, A; Lavé, T; Pähler, A; Ramp, T, 2009)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic studies in mice established that the oral bioavailability of valcyclopropavir was 95%."	( L-valine ester of cyclopropavir: a new antiviral prodrug. Bowlin, TL; Drach, JC; Prichard, MN; Wu, Z; Yanachkov, I; Yanachkova, M; Zemlicka, J, 2009)	0.35
"The aim of this study was to compare the relative bioavailability of a new valsartan 160-mg formulation (ie, test drug) and that of a reference formulation so that bioequivalence could be assessed, as required by European regulatory authorities for the marketing of a generic product."	( Results of a single-center, single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-way crossover bioequivalence study of two formulations of valsartan 160-mg tablets in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Almeida, S; Farré, A; Filipe, A; Neves, R; Spínola, AC; Trabelsi, F, 2009)	0.35
"Valacyclovir provides enhanced acyclovir bioavailability in adults, but limited data are available in children."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of extemporaneously compounded valacyclovir oral suspension in pediatric patients from 1 month through 11 years of age. Bradley, JS; Heitman, CK; Jacobs, RF; Kimberlin, DW; Man, CY; van der Walt, JS; Weller, S, 2010)	0.36
" Oral bioavailability of two 40 mg valsartan orodispersible tablets was compared to the conventional commercial tablets after administration of a single dose to four healthy volunteers."	( Valsartan orodispersible tablets: formulation, in vitro/in vivo characterization. El-Setouhy, DA; Ibrahim, HK, 2010)	0.36
"A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) has been developed to enhance diffusion rate and oral bioavailability of valsartan."	( Preparation and bioavailability assessment of SMEDDS containing valsartan. Dixit, AR; Patel, SG; Rajput, SJ, 2010)	0.36
"To develop a valsartan-loaded gelatin microcapsule using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as a stabilizer, which could improve the physical stability and bioavailability of valsartan, the gelatin microcapsules were prepared with various ratios of gelatin and HPMC using a spray-drying technique."	( Development of valsartan-loaded gelatin microcapsule without crystal change using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as a stabilizer. Choi, HG; Kim, JO; Kim, YI; Li, DX; Oh, DH; Seo, YG; Yan, YD; Yang, KY; Yong, CS, 2010)	0.36
" Although the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of valsartan have been well characterized, a literature search did not identify any reports concerning the bioavailability of valsartan in the Indian population."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of three oral formulations of valsartan 160 mg: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover comparison in healthy Indian male volunteers. Batolar, LS; Iqbal, M; Khuroo, A; Monif, T; Sharma, PL; Tandon, M, 2010)	0.36
"The aim of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of valacyclovir (CAS 124832-26-4; INN: valaciclovir) from two valacyclovir hydrochloride (CAS 214832-27-5) capsules (150 mg/capsule as test preparation and 150 mg/capsule commercially available original capsule of the drug as reference preparation) in 20 Chinese healthy male volunteers, aged between 20 and 27."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of valacyclovir hydrochloride capsules after single dose administration in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Lin, H; Mao, GG; Tian, JX; Tian, Y; Zhang, ZJ, 2010)	0.36
" SDs increased C(max) and AUC(0-24) of valsartan by 2-7 folds in rats, implying that SDs should be effective to improve the bioavailability of valsartan."	( Improved pH-independent dissolution and oral absorption of valsartan via the preparation of solid dispersion. Han, HK; Im, YB; Lee, HK; Lee, W; Park, YJ, 2010)	0.36
"Five peptidomimetic prodrugs of didanosine (DDI) were synthesized and designed to improve bioavailability of DDI following oral administration via targeting intestinal oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) and enhancing chemical stability."	( Bifunctional peptidomimetic prodrugs of didanosine for improved intestinal permeability and enhanced acidic stability: synthesis, transepithelial transport, chemical stability and pharmacokinetics. Chang, Y; Fu, Q; He, Z; Jing, Y; Liu, Y; Pu, X; Sun, J; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Yan, Z; Yin, S; Zhang, Y; Zhu, M, 2011)	0.37
" These findings suggest that KR66222 undergoes a significant first pass effect, which may serve to decrease the bioavailability of KR66222."	( In vitro metabolism and transport of the new dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, KR66222 and KR66223. Ahn, HJ; Ahn, JH; Bae, MA; Kim, KB; Kim, MS; Liu, KH; Shin, JG; Song, IS, 2011)	0.37
"In general, drugs containing amidines suffer from poor oral bioavailability and are often converted into amidoxime prodrugs to overcome low uptake from the gastrointestinal tract."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of L-valine-amidoximeesters as double prodrugs of amidines. Clement, B; Hungeling, H; Kotthaus, J; Reeh, C; Schade, D; Wein, S; Wolffram, S, 2011)	0.37
"With the aim of developing a novel valsartan-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced bioavailability and no crystalline changes, various valsartan-loaded solid dispersions were prepared with water, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)."	( Novel valsartan-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced bioavailability and no crystalline changes. Choi, HG; Kim, DW; Kim, JO; Kim, KK; Lee, BJ; Sung, JH; Yan, YD; Yong, CS, 2012)	0.38
"BENA decreased the bioavailability of HCTZ in Chinese healthy volunteers while VAL greatly increased the concentration of HCTZ in plasma during coadministration."	( Pharmacokinetic profiles of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with benazepril or valsartan in healthy Chinese volunteers: evaluation of the potential interaction. Huang, Y; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Liu, H; Tian, L; Xie, S; Xu, L, 2011)	0.37
"A methodology for the accurate calculation and mitigation of isotopic interferences in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays and its application in supporting microdose absolute bioavailability studies are reported for the first time."	( Calculation and mitigation of isotopic interferences in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry assays and its application in supporting microdose absolute bioavailability studies. Arnold, ME; Aubry, AF; Bifano, M; Burrell, R; Dockens, R; Easter, J; Gu, H; Jiang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JS; Zeng, J, 2012)	0.38
" Specific stereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs with optimized metabolic stability can be employed to improve oral bioavailability of SQV."	( Stereoselective evasion of P-glycoprotein, cytochrome P450 3A, and hydrolases by peptide prodrug modification of saquinavir. Mitra, AK; Pal, D; Wang, Z, 2012)	0.38
" In addition, the in vitro and in vivo mucoadhesion properties as well as the bioavailability of the coated pellets in rats were evaluated by using VAL suspension and core pellets as control preparations."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of novel mucoadhesive pellets containing valsartan prepared by a dry powder-coating technique. Cao, QR; Cui, JH; Lee, BJ; Liu, Y; Xu, WJ; Yang, M, 2012)	0.38
" Thus, the present studies demonstrated the bioavailability enhancement potential of porous carriers based S-SNEDDS for a BCS class II drug, valsartan."	( Development, optimization, and characterization of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of valsartan using porous carriers. Beg, S; Patra, ChN; Rao, ME; Singh, HP; Swain, S, 2012)	0.38
"A strategy of using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry for evaluating oral absolute bioavailability with concurrent intravenous (i."	( Practical and efficient strategy for evaluating oral absolute bioavailability with an intravenous microdose of a stable isotopically-labeled drug using a selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay. Arnold, ME; Aubry, AF; Bifano, M; Burrell, R; Easter, J; Gu, H; Jiang, H; Kandoussi, H; Li, W; Titsch, C; Zeng, J, 2012)	0.38
"5-fold increase in oral bioavailability in the case of SD-VAL-Nano compared with the commercial product while the SD-VAL-Micro provided a much less desirable pharmacokinetic profile."	( Uniform nano-sized valsartan for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement: influence of particle size and crystalline state. Che, E; Jiang, T; Ma, Q; Sun, C; Sun, H; Wang, S; Zheng, X, 2013)	0.39
" In vivo pharmacokinetic study of nanoethosomal transdermal therapeutic system showed a significant increase in bioavailability (3."	( Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. Ahad, A; Aqil, M; Kohli, K; Mujeeb, M; Sultana, Y, 2013)	0.39
"In order to quantify the relative bioavailability of glycidol from glycidyl fatty acid esters in vivo, glycidyl palmitoyl ester and glycidol were orally applied to rats in equimolar doses."	( Relative oral bioavailability of glycidol from glycidyl fatty acid esters in rats. Abraham, K; Apel, E; Appel, KE; Bakhiya, N; Berger-Preiss, E; Creutzenberg, O; Hansen, T; Lampen, A; Schuchardt, S; Vogt, C, 2013)	0.39
"Peptidomimetic drugs have favorable bioavailability owing to H(+)/peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) located in the intestine."	( Inhibitory effect of valsartan on the intestinal absorption and renal excretion of bestatin in rats. Huo, X; Liu, K; Liu, Q; Ma, X; Meng, Q; Peng, J; Sun, H; Sun, P; Wang, C, 2014)	0.4
"The aim of this study was to assess the bioavailability and tolerability of a newly developed oral formulation of valsartan 160 mg (wet-granulation tablet) in healthy Korean male volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of valsartan 160-mg tablets: A randomized, single-dose, 2-period crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers. Cho, HJ; Ki, MH; Kim, DD; Kim, JE; Kim, RS; Tae Kim, G; Yoon, IS, 2014)	0.4
" In vivo pharmacokinetic study of VGF-OPT-transdermal therapeutic system containing iso-eucalyptol showed a significant increase in the bioavailability (2."	( Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats. Ahad, A; Aqil, M; Kohli, K; Mujeeb, M; Sultana, Y, 2014)	0.4
" The valsartan-loaded redispersible dry emulsion with HPMC/poloxamer 407 showed enhanced pH-independent valsartan release, resulting in a dramatically enhanced oral bioavailability of valsartan compared to the raw material and commercial product."	( Oral absorption of a valsartan-loaded spray-dried emulsion based on hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Baek, IH; Cho, W; Choo, GH; Ha, ES; Hwang, SJ; Kim, JS; Kim, MS, 2014)	0.4
"4-fold increase in oral bioavailability of VAL in the case of HPCM-based formulation compared with the commercially available VAL preparation (Valzaar(®))."	( Increasing the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan using novel hierarchical porous carbon monoliths. Che, E; Gao, J; Han, J; Song, Y; Sun, B; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Modulation of PXR transactivation has revealed the selective and orally bioavailable CCR1 antagonist BMS-817399 (29), which entered clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."	( Discovery of the CCR1 antagonist, BMS-817399, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. An, Y; Barrish, JC; Briceno, SW; Caceres-Cortes, J; Camac, DM; Caporuscio, C; Carter, PH; Cavallaro, C; Cvijic, ME; Davies, P; Dhar, M; Duncia, JV; Foster, WR; Gardner, DS; Grafstrom, RR; Hynes, J; Khan, JA; Liu, R; Patel, SR; Rose, AV; Santella, JB; Tebben, AJ; Vickery, RD; Watson, AJ; Wu, H; Yang, G; Yarde, M, 2014)	0.4
"Valsartan (VAL) shows poor oral bioavailability mainly as a result of its low water solubility at low pH."	( In vitro dissolution and physicochemical characterizations of novel PVP-based solid dispersions containing valsartan prepared by a freeze-drying method. Cao, QR; Cui, JH; Liu, Y; Shi, LL; Xu, WJ, 2014)	0.4
" The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles."	( Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. Baek, IH; Kim, MS, 2014)	0.4
" All these BCAAs were well absorbed with a substantial increase in the plasma concentration after a baseline modification."	( Simultaneous determination of leucine, isoleucine and valine in Beagle dog plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, X; Jiang, X; Wang, L; Wang, T; Xie, H, 2015)	0.42
"Acid-reducing agents (ARAs) and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) that increase gastric pH can alter the bioavailability of antiviral drugs, particularly relevant in patients with advanced liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection seeking therapy."	( Safety and Efficacy of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir Plus Dasabuvir With or Without Ribavirin in HCV-Infected Patients Taking Concomitant Acid-Reducing Agents. Asselah, T; Bennett, M; Forns, X; Liu, L; Moller, J; Pedrosa, M; Planas Vila, R; Reau, N; Rustgi, V; Shiffman, ML, 2016)	0.43
" The Herpetic Eye Disease Study has guided the management of herpetic eye disease for almost twenty years, but newer medications such as valacyclovir are now available and are considered to have better bioavailability than acyclovir."	( Herpes simplex virus keratitis: an update of the pathogenesis and current treatment with oral and topical antiviral agents. Anderson, D; Athanasiadis, I; Hossain, P; MacGregor, C; Moschos, MM; Tsatsos, M, 2016)	0.43
" Although it is known that valacyclovir has an improved bioavailability and steadier plasma concentration, it is currently unclear as to whether this leads to better treatment results and less ocular complications."	( Valacyclovir versus acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in immunocompetent patients. Harder, BC; Jarczok, MN; Schlichtenbrede, FC; Schuster, AK; Tesarz, J, 2016)	0.43
"Despite peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) being responsible for the bioavailability for a variety of drugs, there has been little study of its potential involvement in drug-drug interactions."	( In Vitro and Clinical Evaluations of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of a Metabotropic Glutamate 2/3 Receptor Agonist Prodrug with Intestinal Peptide Transporter 1. Annes, WF; Ayan-Oshodi, MA; Hillgren, KM; Knadler, MP; Leese, P; Long, AJ; Mitchell, MI; Pak, YA; Witcher, JW, 2017)	0.46
" One of the ZBDHW components, Penta-O-Galloyl-Glucose (PGG), was further analyzed for its mode of action in vitro, its antiviral activity in primary human hepatocytes as well as for its bioavailability and hepatotoxicity in mice."	( Pentagalloylglucose, a highly bioavailable polyphenolic compound present in Cortex moutan, efficiently blocks hepatitis C virus entry. Alves, MP; Banda, D; Behrendt, P; Colpitts, CC; Manns, MP; Menzel, N; Meuleman, P; Perin, P; Pfaender, S; Pietschmann, T; Schang, LM; Steinmann, E; Thiel, V; Vondran, FWR, 2017)	0.46
"Objective Since the majority of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that are used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are mainly metabolized by CYP3A4, it is hypothesized that inter-individual differences in CYP3A4 activity may be associated with the bioavailability of these agents."	( Differences in the Serum 4β-hydroxycholesterol Levels of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: A Possible Impact on the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon (IFN)-free Treatment. Hirayama, T; Honda, A; Ikegami, T; Kohjima, M; Matsuzaki, Y; Miyazaki, T; Nakamuta, M; Yara, SI, 2018)	0.48
" The effects of all covariates exceeded the 80% to 125% boundaries, indicating that the asunaprevir soft-gel capsule had higher bioavailability than the tablet and that asunaprevir exposure increased with cirrhosis and increasing baseline and time-varying AST values."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis for Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir in Japanese Subjects With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Garimella, T; Imai, Y; Ishikawa, H; Osawa, M; Ueno, T, 2018)	0.48
" Furthermore, in rat preclinical studies, 3-SPA displayed 100% oral bioavailability and 25% brain penetration, indicating that the metabolite is well absorbed and crosses the blood-brain barrier."	( Discovery and Identification of an Endogenous Metabolite of Tramiprosate and Its Prodrug ALZ-801 that Inhibits Beta Amyloid Oligomer Formation in the Human Brain. Abushakra, S; Hey, JA; Hort, J; Kocis, P; Power, A; Tolar, M; Vyhnálek, M; Yu, JY, 2018)	0.48
"4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to Val from L-Val (98% L-Val) when fed to weanling pigs."	( Bioavailability of valine in spray-dried L-valine biomass is not different from that in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs1. González-Vega, JC; Htoo, JK; Oliveira, MSF; Stein, HH, 2019)	0.51
"The Met-allele of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism slows metabolism and increases bioavailability of dopamine (DA) in the prefrontal cortex compared to the Val-allele."	( COMT val158met genotype alters the effects of methamphetamine dependence on dopamine and dopamine-related executive function: preliminary findings. Cherner, M; Ellis, RJ; Iudicello, JE; Kumar, A; Letendre, SL; Saloner, R; Sundermann, EE; Watson, CW, 2020)	0.56
" Although substantial evidence has been collected about the potential usefulness of BCAAs in supporting muscle function and structure, dietary supplements containing BCAAs alone may not be effective in controlling muscle protein turnover, due to the rate-limiting bioavailability of other AAs involved in BCAAs metabolism."	( Ergogenic Effect of BCAAs and L-Alanine Supplementation: Proof-of-Concept Study in a Murine Model of Physiological Exercise. Allegretti, M; Aramini, A; Bianchini, G; Boccanegra, B; Brandolini, L; Camerino, GM; Cappellari, O; Conte, E; De Bellis, M; De Luca, A; Mantuano, P; Mele, A; Sanarica, F, 2020)	0.56
"Atorvastatin has a significant effect on P-gp mediated intestinal transport of daclatasvir; however, it did not affect the systemic bioavailability of a single oral dose of daclatasvir."	( Effect of Atorvastatin on Single Oral Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Daclatasvir in Rats: Emphasis on P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450. El-Demerdash, E; Elbadawy, HA; Wahdan, SA, 2022)	0.72
"A decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been shown to cause hyperglycemia, type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic cardio-metabolic complications."	( Antihyperglycemic activity of L-norvaline and L-arginine in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-treated male rats. Avtandilyan, N; Grigoryan, A; Javrushyan, H; Maloyan, A; Nadiryan, E, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The effects on the amino acids are not due to a change in the food intake caused by dosing with arsenate."	( The effects of sodium arsenate on the free amino acid levels in erythrocytes and plasma in rats. Kilroe-Smith, TA; McLoughlin, JL, 1979)	0.26
" Hypophenylalaninemia was unexplained, and failed to respond to increased phenylpyruvate dosage or phenylalanine itself; renal clearance of phenylalanine was high but could not account for the low plasma level."	( Long-term management of a case of carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency using ketanalogues and hydroxyanalogues of essential amino acids. Batshaw, ML; Brusilow, S; Walser, M, 1976)	0.26
" We conclude that this mixture and dosage of amino acid analogues can meet the dietary requirements of chronic uremic patients for methionine, valine, leucine and isoleucine."	( Nitrogen balance of uremic patients receiving branched-chain ketoacids and the hydroxy-analogue of methionine as substitutes for the respective amino acids. Mitch, W; Walser, M, 1977)	0.26
" A substituent NH2-terminal tripeptide and amides of the NH2-terminal amino acids, which are devoid of chemotactic and deactivating activities, reversibly inhibit the tetrapeptide stimulus in a dose-response fashion."	( Structural determinants of the eosinophil: chemotactic activity of the acidic tetrapeptides of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. Austen, KF; Goetzl, EJ, 1976)	0.26
" The monotherapy with the applied amino acids in the same dosage showed no tumor inhibition."	( Potentiated chemotherapeutic activity of 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-acridinium by combination with glycine or DL-alpha-alanine on the Ehrlich carcinoma. Osswald, H, 1975)	0.25
" In this assay, 20i significantly inhibited pulmonary lesions associated with septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces, when dosed at 20 micrograms it."	( Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by N-substituted peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones. Chow, G; Fuchs, V; Grozinger, KG; Jacober, S; Mauldin, SC; Miao, C; Mui, PW; Skiles, JW; Sorcek, R; Vitous, J, 1992)	0.28
" We conclude that at least half of KIC and KIV given orally in this dosage is oxidized in splanchnic organs during first pass but that, nevertheless, these keto acids given orally serve as significant sources of the intracellular amino acids used for protein synthesis in most organs, particularly brain and heart."	( Utilization for protein synthesis of leucine and valine compared with their keto analogues. Shiota, T; Swain, LM; Walser, M, 1990)	0.28
" Although the dose-response curve is hyperbolic with an ED50 of 78 microM, glutamate apparently activates 2 types of receptors on motoneurons."	( Characterization of excitatory amino acid receptors expressed by embryonic chick motoneurons in vitro. Fischbach, GD; O'Brien, RJ, 1986)	0.27
" The NMDA receptor antagonists D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-AP5), phencyclidine and Mg2+ shifted the NMDA dose-response curve to the right in a parallel manner."	( A grease-gap method for studying the excitatory amino acid pharmacology of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Bowe, MA; Martin, D; Nadler, JV, 1989)	0.28
" Analysis of iontophoretic dose-response curves indicated that DL-APV was a competitive antagonist."	( Action of excitatory amino acids and their antagonists on hippocampal neurons. Hablitz, JJ, 1985)	0.27
" When applied in combination with fixed concentrations of cis-PDA, NMDA evoked concentration-dependent depolarizations superimposed upon the basal cis-PDA-evoked depolarizations, the dose-response curve for which intercepted the control dose-response curve and was subsequently moved to the right compared with the control curve."	( Quantitative studies of N-methyl-D-aspartate, 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate and cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate interactions on the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. Collins, KJ; Wheatley, PL, 1986)	0.27
" A dose-response relation for NMDA activation indicated that bath application of 1 and 5 microM NMDA had little or no effect on the response to a paired stimulus pulse (triggered response) and did not induce spontaneous bursting."	( The NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate blocks stimulus train-induced epileptogenesis but not epileptiform bursting in the rat hippocampal slice. Anderson, WW; Swartzwelder, HS; Wilson, WA, 1987)	0.27
" Pharmacologically specific results were obtained rapidly and reliably, using a cumulative dosing procedure."	( A simple and rapid method for assessing similarities among directly observable behavioral effects of drugs: PCP-like effects of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate in rats. Koek, W; Ornstein, P; Woods, JH, 1987)	0.27
" We found that excitatory amino acid agonists evoked somatostatin release in the following order of potency: quisqualate greater than glutamate = N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) greater than kainate, as calculated from the dose-response curves."	( Glutamate stimulates somatostatin release from diencephalic neurons in primary culture. Astier, H; Tapia-Arancibia, L, 1988)	0.27
" The dose-response relationship of EAA (N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate, quisqualate and glutamate)-induced activation revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in their pattern of action, suggesting that these agonists act at distinct receptors."	( Behavioral classification of excitatory amino acid receptors in mouse spinal cord. Raigorodsky, G; Urca, G, 1988)	0.27
" Dose-response studies demonstrated that the synaptic input to NTS units was substantially blocked by 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) at perfusion concentrations of 1 mM, by kynurenic acid (KYN) at 10 mM, and glutamate diethylester (GDEE) at 10 mM."	( Excitatory amino acid receptors intrinsic to synaptic transmission in nucleus tractus solitarii. Felder, RB; Miller, BD, 1988)	0.27
" When the daily dosage of valine-depleted amino acid solution was reduced to 40 ml/rat (58."	( Anti-cancer therapy with valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution. Izumi, U; Kawarabayashi, Y; Koike, N; Mori, S; Nishihira, T; Ohkuma, S; Takagi, T; Toyoda, T, 1988)	0.27
" A novel method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been used to monitor the presence of this adduct in smokers and control subjects, and dose-response relationships were investigated between HOEtVal in haemoglobin, number of cigarettes smoked per day and plasma cotinine levels."	( 2-Hydroxyethylation of haemoglobin in man. Bailey, E; Brooks, AG; Farmer, PB; Passingham, BJ; Yates, DW, 1988)	0.27
" In a dose-response study (35, 55, 75, 95, 115 mg/kg), the threshold dose of 75 mg/kg produced a significant reduction in total food intake (3."	( Food intake and selection after peripheral tryptophan. Anderson, GH; Li, ET; MacMillan, ML; Morris, P, 1987)	0.27
" Maximum signs of anticholinesterase toxicity were observed during Days 4 and 5 comparable to those seen 10-15 min following a single sublethal dosage (1."	( Role of uptake of [14C]valine into protein in the development of tolerance to diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) toxicity. Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC, 1986)	0.27
"" The precision of the method derives from a direct comparison between the cumulative dose-response curve of an agonist of unknown potency acting on one hemibladder and that of a reference compound acting on the contralateral hemibladder."	( A sensitive hydroosmotic toad bladder assay. Affinity and intrinsic activity of neurohypophyseal peptides. Eggena, P; Schwartz, IL; Walter, R, 1968)	0.25
" The expression of the ilvGEDA operon from pDU1 was found to be elevated, reflecting the increased gene dosage of the multicopy plasmid."	( Molecular cloning and expression of the ilvGEDAY genes from Salmonella typhimurium. Blazey, DL; Burns, RO; Kim, R, 1981)	0.26
" The duration of the action of sublingually administered DDAVP was 12 hrs; after dosing DVDAVP the effect lasted even 6 hrs."	( Effects of vasopressin analogues (DDAVP, DVDAVP) in the form of sublingual tablets in central diabetes insipidus. Julesz, J; Laczi, F; Lázló, FA; Mezei, G, 1981)	0.26
"During the first 4 weeks, increases in CD4+ lymphocyte counts and reductions in the log number of copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter of plasma were similar among the four dosage groups, but in the three lower-dosage groups there was a return to base-line levels by 16 weeks."	( A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. European-Australian Collaborative Ritonavir Study Group. Bouza, E; Carr, A; Danner, SA; Gonzales, J; Gudiol, F; Lehman, LM; Leonard, JM; Pintado, V; Raventos, A; Rubio, R, 1995)	0.29
"18 log in the four dosage groups."	( A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection. Henry, D; Hsu, A; Hurley, AM; La Marca, A; Leonard, JM; Markowitz, M; Powderly, WG; Saag, M; Sattler, F; Valdes, JM, 1995)	0.29
" In a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study, the safety and efficacy of oral valaciclovir given at a dosage of 1,000 mg three times daily for 7 or 14 days and oral acyclovir given at a dosage of 800 mg five times daily for 7 days were compared in immunocompetent adults aged > or = 50 years with herpes zoster."	( Valaciclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Andersen, PL; Beutner, KR; Forszpaniak, C; Friedman, DJ; Wood, MJ, 1995)	0.29
" When dosing was reduced to once per day, both compounds were less effective at controlling the infection."	( Comparison of efficacies of famciclovir and valaciclovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 in a murine immunosuppression model. Field, HJ; Sutton, D; Tewari, D; Thackray, AM, 1995)	0.29
" Thus, although unstable Hb disease is correctly regarded as dominant, we clearly see a dosage effect in its expression, whereby the homozygous state is still compatible with life although the red blood cells contain nearly 100% unstable Hb."	( Severe hemolytic anemia associated with the homozygous state for an unstable hemoglobin variant (Hb Bushwick). Buckley, M; Kaeda, JS; Luzzatto, L; Roper, D; Srivastava, P; Vulliamy, TJ, 1995)	0.29
" A dose-response curve for Ang II was obtained for each subject before and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h after administration of placebo and of the two doses of valsartan."	( Angiotensin II receptor blockade with single doses of valsartan in healthy, normotensive subjects. Cohen, T; de Gasparo, M; Howald, H; Müller, P; Racine-Poon, A; Sioufi, A, 1994)	0.29
"4 micrograms/ml and 120 h micrograms/ml, respectively, after a dosage of 2,000 mg of valaciclovir four times daily."	( Phase I trial of valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. Blum, MR; Coakley, D; Feinberg, J; Gallant, J; Gary, D; Jacobson, MA; Smiley, ML; Squires, L; Wang, LH; Weller, S, 1994)	0.29
" This new drug produces enhanced plasma levels of acyclovir following oral dosing, which will not only allow more convenient dosing for the treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections, but also mean that valaciclovir has the potential for superior clinical efficacy over acyclovir."	( Acyclovir--and beyond. Darby, G, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response curves for 7-HEG in rat tissues were linear between 10 and 100 ppm ETO and increased in slope above 100 ppm."	( Molecular dosimetry of DNA and hemoglobin adducts in mice and rats exposed to ethylene oxide. Fennell, TR; MacNeela, JP; Swenberg, JA; Upton, PB; Walker, VE, 1993)	0.29
" Dosage adjustment is required in the presence of renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics of new antiherpetic agents. Rolan, P, 1995)	0.29
" Because optimal levels of acyclovir are achieved with a simpler dosing regimen of valacyclovir, compliance may be improved in many patients, thus reducing the incidence of resistant virus."	( Valacyclovir: a review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical efficacy. Beutner, KR, 1995)	0.29
" Therefore, there is no need for restriction of valaciclovir dosing in patients receiving antacid medication."	( Lack of interaction between valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, and Maalox antacid. Bidault, R; de Bony, F; Peck, R; Posner, J, 1996)	0.29
"We propose a method for the selection of doses and dosing schedule for drugs to be used in combination."	( Modeling combinations of antiretroviral agents in vitro with integration of pharmacokinetics: guidance in regimen choice for clinical trial evaluation. Bilello, JA; Bilello, PA; Drusano, GL; Prichard, M, 1996)	0.29
" Wild-type mER displayed similar dose-response curves for IA-R and demethyl IA, which lacks a C3 methyl group, demonstrating that the presence and correct orientation of the C3 methyl group on the IA compound is required for high-affinity ligand binding and transcriptional activity."	( Mutational analysis of the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain: influence of ligand structure and stereochemistry on transactivation. Bocchinfuso, WP; Curtis, SW; Gandini, O; Kohno, H; Korach, KS, 1996)	0.29
"micrograms/ml) following dosing of valaciclovir (500 and 1,000 mg) three times a day were two to three times greater than those expected after high-dose oral acyclovir treatment (800 mg, five times daily)."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple-dose valaciclovir in geriatric volunteers with and without concomitant diuretic therapy. Blum, MR; Schultz, M; Smiley, ML; Wang, LH; Weller, S, 1996)	0.29
" The aim of the present study was to measure the dose-response of cerebral infarcted volume to the agent administered 30 min after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and to test whether short-term infusion of this drug reduces ischemic cell damage."	( Administration of a competitive NMDA antagonist MDL-100,453 reduces infarct size after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Baron, BM; Chopp, M; Jiang, N; Zhang, RL, 1996)	0.29
" A dose-response effect was seen, although the incremental reduction in blood pressure with doses of valsartan > 80 mg was relatively small."	( The efficacy and safety of valsartan compared with placebo in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Dyke, S; Fitzsimmons, S; Harris, F; Hester, A; James, D; Kief, J; Oparil, S, )	0.13
" A close to linear dose-response relationship was found for adduct formation in rats treated with ACN by gavage."	( Monitoring of exposure to acrylonitrile by determination of N-(2-cyanoethyl)valine at the N-terminal position of haemoglobin. Bailey, E; Borba, H; Farmer, PB; Lawrence, RM; Lynce, N; Monteiro, M; Proença, MJ; Rueff, J; Sweetman, GM; Tavares, R, 1996)	0.29
" The characterisation of their pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships deserves further refinement for designing optimal therapeutic regimens and proposing dosage adaptations in specific conditions."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Biollaz, J; Brunner, HR; Buclin, T; Csajka, C, 1997)	0.3
" Peak concentrations of radioactivity and valsartan in plasma measured 1 h after dosing showed rapid onset of absorption."	( Pharmacokinetics, disposition and biotransformation of [14C]-radiolabelled valsartan in healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose. Bühlmayer, P; De Gasparo, M; Flesch, G; Kriemler, HP; Müller, P; Waldmeier, F; Winkler, T, 1997)	0.3
" Much of the current antiviral research focuses on providing drugs with (i) improved oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics which permit less frequent oral or topical dosing for suppressive treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, (ii) different mechanisms of action for synergic effects in treating resistant HSV infections in the immunocompromised host and (iii) improved efficacy."	( New therapeutic approaches to the alphaherpesvirus infections. Cassady, KA; Whitley, RJ, 1997)	0.3
" Thus, valaciclovir delivers therapeutic aciclovir concentrations when administered in a less frequent oral dosage regimen than is required for aciclovir."	( Valaciclovir. A review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Faulds, D; Perry, CM, 1996)	0.29
" Famciclovir and valacyclovir demonstrate superior pharmacokinetics compared with acyclovir and allow for less frequent daily dosing with higher achievable serum drug concentrations."	( Management of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. Erlich, KS, 1997)	0.3
" With the completion of the first efficacy trials for each of these agents it has become apparent that, whilst less frequent dosing can he accomplished, it is not easy to significantly improve on the efficacy of aciclovir."	( Antiviral drugs in development for herpes zoster. Fiddian, AP, 1996)	0.29
" Once daily dosing with valaciclovir provides a more convenient dosing regimen than the more frequent aciclovir regimens."	( Valaciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital HSV infection: a placebo controlled study of once daily therapy. International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Bodsworth, NJ; Gibb, A; Patel, R; Peters, B; Robinson, J; Saari, S; Vejlsgaard, G; Woolley, P, 1997)	0.3
" Valaciclovir maintains the established efficacy and safety of aciclovir but offers a much more convenient twice daily dosing regimen."	( Valaciclovir versus aciclovir in patient initiated treatment of recurrent genital herpes: a randomised, double blind clinical trial. International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Bodsworth, NJ; Borelli, S; Crooks, RJ; Esmann, J; Gibb, A; Ingamells, AJ; Paavonen, J; Strand, A; Uexkull, N; Vejlsgaard, G; Worm, AM, 1997)	0.3
" Valaciclovir provides a useful alternative to acyclovir with the advantage of a more convenient dosing regimen and the potential for improved compliance."	( Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes infection. Results of an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The Valaciclovir International Herpes Simplex Virus Study Group. Barbarash, RA; Degregorio, B; Fife, KH; Roth, R; Rudolph, T, 1997)	0.3
" Therefore, valacyclovir could prove a useful alternative to acyclovir when convenience of dosing or compliance issues are the prime considerations in treatment."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in immunocompetent patients with recurrent genital herpes infections. The Valaciclovir International Study Group. Corey, L; Douglas, JM; Esmann, J; Spruance, SL; Tyring, SK, 1998)	0.3
"No dosage adjustment is required when valaciclovir and digoxin are coadministered."	( Lack of interaction between valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of aciclovir, and digoxin. Layton, G; Peck, RW; Posner, J; Soul-Lawton, JH; Weatherley, BC, 1998)	0.3
" There was a dose-response relationship (P < ."	( Valaciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection: a large-scale dose range-finding study. International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Borelli, S; Chambers, LO; Corey, L; Lang, W; Reitano, M; Robinson, JM; Thoming, C; Tyring, S; Worm, AM, 1998)	0.3
"5 or 25 mg/day to valsartan 80 mg/day resulted in a greater blood pressure reduction than increasing the valsartan dosage from 80 to 160 mg/day."	( Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide. Langtry, HD; McClellan, KJ, 1999)	0.3
" Further studies need to be performed to determine proper dosing regimen for suppression of outbreaks in patients with a disease duration of less than 2 years."	( The effectiveness of valacyclovir in preventing reactivation of herpes gladiatorum in wrestlers. Anderson, BJ, 1999)	0.3
" However, ACE inhibitors may not suppress Ang II activity over their entire dosing interval and, with long-term therapy, Ang II levels tend to return to normal."	( Cardiac protection: evolving role of angiotensin receptor blockers. Califf, RM; Cohn, JN, 2000)	0.31
" Current recommendations regarding the dosing of antivirals used prophylactically are based mostly on anecdotal experience."	( Use of valacyclovir for herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) prophylaxis after facial resurfacing: A randomized clinical trial of dosing regimens. Gilbert, S; McBurney, E, 2000)	0.31
" Famciclovir and valacyclovir offer improved oral bioavailability and convenient oral dosing schedules but are more expensive than acyclovir."	( Treatment of common cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections. Emmert, DH, 2000)	0.31
" Tolerability of the two drugs is similar, but the dosing schedule of valaciclovir is simpler."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir and acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Cochener, B; Colin, J; Hoang-Xuan, T; Lescale, O; Prisant, O; Rolland, B, 2000)	0.31
" In addition, the numerically larger smoothness index with losartan suggested a more homogeneous antihypertensive effect throughout the 24-hour dosing interval."	( Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to compare antihypertensive efficacy and safety of two angiotensin II receptor antagonists, losartan and valsartan. Losartan Trial Investigators. Aroca Martinez, GJ; Bunt, AM; Carbajal, ET; Cuevas, JH; Dumortier, T; Garcia, LH; Hitzenberger, G; Lara Teran, J; Leao Neves, P; Middlemost, SJ; Monterroso, VH; Rodriguez Chavez, V; Smith, RD; Vogel, DR, )	0.13
"To compare the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg throughout a 24 h dosing interval."	( A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Dubiel, RF; Littlejohn, T; Marbury, T; Mroczek, W; VanderMaelen, CP, 2000)	0.31
"Telmisartan 80 mg once daily was superior to valsartan 80 mg once daily in reducing diastolic blood pressure during the last 6 h of the 24 h dosing interval."	( A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing telmisartan 80 mg with valsartan 80 mg in patients with mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Dubiel, RF; Littlejohn, T; Marbury, T; Mroczek, W; VanderMaelen, CP, 2000)	0.31
" Prophylaxis with intraperitoneal valacyclovir decreases the recurrence rate in a dose-response fashion."	( Valacyclovir for the prevention of recurrent herpes simplex virus eye disease after excimer laser photokeratectomy. Asbell, PA, 2000)	0.31
" The advantage observed with the valaciclovir is the dosing comfort and the facility of completing the treatment."	( [Valaciclovir in the treatment of initial infection by genital herpes virus: comparative study]. García, A; García, I; García, S; Lanchares, JL; Sánchez, JA, 2001)	0.31
" She developed neurotoxicity with an adjustment dosage of valacyclovir for a cutaneous zoster infection."	( Neurotoxicity of valacyclovir in peritoneal dialysis: a pharmacokinetic study. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Issad, B; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Martinez, V; Mercadal, L, )	0.13
" However, patients must continue taking the drugs once they begin therapy; stopping the treatment or reducing the dosage can lead to resistance."	( Freedom of choice. Vazquez, E, )	0.13
" Researchers are now attempting to find the proper dosing strategy--one that is strong enough to suppress viral replication and prevent resistance while being mild enough to be tolerated."	( Ritonavir plus saquinavir: two trials with different results. Mascolini, M, 1996)	0.29
"First-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide simultaneously in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and LC. Altinay, S; Göğer, NG; Ozkan, SA; Satana, E; Sentürk, Z, 2001)	0.31
" The ambulatory blood pressure data support a consistent reduction of blood pressure with valsartan over a 24h period and for up to 32 h after dosing in those who missed a dose."	( Canadian valsartan study in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Bonnefis-Boyer, S; Hébert, D; Laplante, A; Lasko, BH, 2001)	0.31
" Valaciclovir allows less frequent dosing and maintains the safety profiles of the parent drug."	( Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster. Chen, YS; Chiang, SC; Huang, CK; Lee, SS; Lin, HH; Lin, WR; Liu, YC; Tsai, HC; Wann, SR; Yen, MY, 2001)	0.31
" We hypothesised that a lower dosage of VACV would prevent CMV disease with fewer CNS side effects."	( CMV disease in CMV-mismatched renal transplant recipients with prophylactic low dose valaciclovir. Eriksson, BM; Sund, F; Wahlberg, J, 2001)	0.31
" To investigate blockade of postsynaptic AT1 receptors, we studied the effect of the AT1 antagonists on dose-response curves elicited by exogenous Ang II."	( Inhibition of facilitation of sympathetic neurotransmission and angiotensin II-induced pressor effects in the pithed rat: comparison between valsartan, candesartan, eprosartan and embusartan. Balt, JC; Mathy, MJ; Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA, 2001)	0.31
" Interestingly, the greatest doses of the AT1 antagonists caused less than maximal reduction in the stimulation-induced increase in DBP, resulting in a U-shaped dose-response relationship."	( Inhibition of facilitation of sympathetic neurotransmission and angiotensin II-induced pressor effects in the pithed rat: comparison between valsartan, candesartan, eprosartan and embusartan. Balt, JC; Mathy, MJ; Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA, 2001)	0.31
" Valacyclovir is the only antiviral shown to be effective with a short (3-day) course in the episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes, as well as with once-daily dosing for daily suppressive therapy."	( Valacyclovir in the treatment of genital herpes and herpes zoster. Baker, DA, 2002)	0.31
" Concentrations of AG7185 observed during multiple dosing were higher than those observed after the first dose but were no more than predicted from the single-dose study."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of an antirhinoviral agent, ruprintrivir, in healthy volunteers. Gersten, M; Hsyu, PH; Kerr, BM; Penning, CA; Pithavala, YK, 2002)	0.31
" In conclusion, switching to V/HCTZ combination therapy provides an additional lowering of BP compared to dosage increase of the thiazide in patients with BP insufficiently controlled by HCTZ 12."	( Antihypertensive effects of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in essential hypertension. Adam, SA; Handrock, R; Kolloch, R; Schmidt, A; Weidinger, G, 2001)	0.31
" However, the amount of acyclovir in breast milk after valaciclovir administration is considerably less (2%) than that used in therapeutic dosing of neonates."	( Acyclovir concentrations in human breast milk after valaciclovir administration. Cadematori, S; Fish, DN; Hollier, LM; Nobles, BJ; Sheffield, JS; Wendel, GD, 2002)	0.31
" In this study we investigated the importance of drug dosing in mediating these differences by comparing the AT(1)-receptor blockade induced by 3 doses of valsartan with that obtained with 3 other antagonists at given doses."	( Comparative angiotensin II receptor blockade in healthy volunteers: the importance of dosing. Brunner, HR; Burnier, M; Centeno, C; Maillard, MP; Nussberger, J; Würzner, G, 2002)	0.31
" No significant differences were detected between the 2 dosing schedules for any of the end points measured."	( Valacyclovir for episodic treatment of genital herpes: a shorter 3-day treatment course compared with 5-day treatment. Leone, PA; Miller, JM; Trottier, S, 2002)	0.31
" Angiotensin II (Ang II) antagonistic effects were determined in vivo from rightward shifts in Ang II dose-response curves for diastolic blood pressure (BP) and dose ratios were calculated."	( The pharmacological potency of various AT(1) antagonists assessed by Schild regression technique in man. Belz, GG; Breithaupt-Grögler, K; Butzer, R; Fuchs, W; Hausdorf, C; Mang, C, 2000)	0.31
" However, dosage simulations confirmed supratherapeutic acyclovir concentrations for all participants when following the recommended dose of 1,000 mg valaciclovir/24 h for varicella zoster infections."	( Evaluation of valaciclovir dosage reduction in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Dhillon, S; Stathakis, C; Stathoulopoulou, F; Thodis, H; Vargemezis, V, 2002)	0.31
" Mean changes in diastolic blood pressure for the last 6 hours before dosing and the nighttime period were significantly greater with telmisartan than with valsartan (p<0."	( Comparison of telmisartan vs. valsartan in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Bakris, G, )	0.13
" The prodrugs valacyclovir and famciclovir offer easier, less-frequent dosing than required for acyclovir."	( Progress in meeting today's demands in genital herpes: an overview of current management. Patel, R, 2002)	0.31
" Dosage options for using valacyclovir in children are discussed."	( An investigation of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir in immunocompromised children. Floret, D; Leibundgut, K; Leverger, G; Nadal, D; Perel, Y; Sokal, EM; Weller, S, 2002)	0.31
" The dose-response for accumulation of DNA adducts was similar to that obtained for Hb adducts."	( Exposure-dependent accumulation of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)valine in hemoglobin of F344 rats exposed to propylene oxide by the inhalation route. Filser, JG; Lee, MS; Ranasinghe, A; Ríos-Blanco, MN; Swenberg, JA; Upton, P, 2002)	0.31
" Eighteen patients with chronic stable heart failure and left ventricular ejection fractions	( Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of valsartan in patients with heart failure. Glazer, R; Gurrieri, P; McLeod, J; Prasad, PP; Yeh, CM, 2002)	0.31
" The selected studies were included in a meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship for each drug."	( The relationships between dose and antihypertensive effect of four AT1-receptor blockers. Differences in potency and efficacy. Elmfeldt, D; Meredith, P; Olofsson, B, 2002)	0.31
" No studies to date have evaluated the efficacy, safety or proper dosing of valaciclovir in children for the treatment of EBV infection."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of valaciclovir in children with Epstein-Barr virus illness. Deeter, RG; Fish, DN; Simon, MW, 2002)	0.31
" The valsartan dosage was 80 mg/day."	( [Tolerance to valsartan in office practice in 3,197 hypertensive patients (the VALSE study)]. Bourdeix, I; Francillon, A; Ghannad, E; Gosse, P; Vaillant, J, 2000)	0.31
" We concluded that the 16 CFS patients (included in both phases of this study) with EBV-persistent infection (EBV single-virus subset) are improved after 6 months of continuous pharmacokinetic dosing with valacyclovir."	( A six-month trial of valacyclovir in the Epstein-Barr virus subset of chronic fatigue syndrome: improvement in left ventricular function. Beqaj, SH; Chang, CH; Deeter, RG; Dworkin, HJ; Fitzgerald, JT; Goldstein, J; Lerner, AM; O'Neill, W; Zervos, M, 2002)	0.31
" The 1-day valacyclovir regimen offers patients a unique and convenient dosing alternative compared to available topical therapies."	( High-dose, short-duration, early valacyclovir therapy for episodic treatment of cold sores: results of two randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. Barber, J; Blatter, MM; Goldstein, D; Hill, J; Jones, TM; Schultz, M; Spruance, SL; Vargas-Cortes, M, 2003)	0.32
" The less frequent dosing schedule with valacyclovir compared with acyclovir offers a potential advantage for patients undergoing BMT who frequently suffer with severe mucositis and have difficulty taking oral medications."	( Clinical utility of oral valacyclovir compared with oral acyclovir for the prevention of herpes simplex virus mucositis following autologous bone marrow transplantation or stem cell rescue therapy. Broun, ER; DeVoe, M; Eisen, D; Essell, J; Sigmund, D, 2003)	0.32
" The angioedema subsequently resided after a dosage reduction and observation."	( Valsartan-induced angioedema. Irons, BK; Kumar, A, )	0.13
" Inflammation was stabilized, and steroid dosage could be significantly reduced."	( Nonnecrotizing herpetic retinopathies masquerading as severe posterior uveitis. Bodaghi, B; Cassoux, N; Fardeau, C; LeHoang, P; Rozenberg, F, 2003)	0.32
" Within the range of concentrations where the dose-response curves for adduct formation are linear, the relationship between exposure dose and resulting tissue doses could be based equally well on adduct data from the short-term exposure as on adduct data from the prolonged exposure."	( Dosimetry by means of DNA and hemoglobin adducts in propylene oxide-exposed rats. Csanády, GA; Czene, K; Faller, TH; Filser, JG; Kessler, W; Lee, MS; Osterman-Golkar, S; Pérez, HL; Segerbäck, D, 2003)	0.32
"Valacyclovir is the only oral antiviral agent approved for therapy of herpes labialis, the only antiviral drug approved for a 3-day course in the episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes, as well as the only antiviral drug approved for once daily dosing for suppressive therapy."	( Valacyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and other viral infections. Brentjens, MH; Lee, P; Torres, G; Tyring, SK; Wu, JJ; Yeung-Yue, K, )	0.13
" Initial dosage prednisolone was given for 1 month, and then tapered gradually in terms of dosage and interval."	( [Quadritherapy with cyclosporine for membranous lupus nephropathy]. Iwasawa, H; Matsumoto, H; Nagaoka, Y; Nakao, T; Okada, T; Tomaru, R; Wada, T, 2003)	0.32
" Ruprintrivir prophylaxis reduced the proportion of subjects with positive viral cultures (for 5x/day dosing groups, 44% for ruprintrivir treatment group versus 70% for placebo treatment group [P=0."	( Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of ruprintrivir nasal spray 2-percent suspension for prevention and treatment of experimentally induced rhinovirus colds in healthy volunteers. Chi-Burris, K; Gersten, M; Gwaltney, JM; Hayden, FG; Hsyu, P; Patick, AK; Smith, GJ; Turner, RB; Zalman, LS, 2003)	0.32
"3 microM, respectively; whereas the dose-response curve of D,L-homocysteine revealed an IC50 of 401 microM."	( Implications for hyperhomocysteinemia: not homocysteine but its oxidized forms strongly inhibit neuronal network activity. Fleischer, W; Görtz, P; Hoinkes, A; Otto, F; Schwahn, B; Siebler, M; Wendel, U, 2004)	0.32
" The primary study end point was reduction in the BP in the early morning period (last 6 h of the dosing period)."	( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period. Davidai, G; Lacourciere, Y; White, WB, 2004)	0.32
"After the active dose, telmisartan reduced the BP during the last 6 h of the dosing period by -11/-7."	( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period. Davidai, G; Lacourciere, Y; White, WB, 2004)	0.32
"On a day of active therapy, telmisartan lowered both systolic and diastolic BP to a greater extent than valsartan for the last 6 h of the dosing interval."	( Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan on the circadian variation of blood pressure: impact on the early morning period. Davidai, G; Lacourciere, Y; White, WB, 2004)	0.32
" TE was given at a dosage of 25 mg intramuscularly, and PL was measured at least 4 weeks after the injection."	( Testosterone enanthate therapy is effective and independent of SRD5A2 and AR gene polymorphisms in boys with micropenis. Hasegawa, T; Ishii, T; Matsuo, N; Ogata, T; Sasaki, G; Sato, S, 2004)	0.32
" Choice of therapy would then depend on convenience of dosing and cost."	( Antiviral treatment of genital herpes. Apoola, A; Radcliffe, K, 2004)	0.32
" Dosage was doubled at week 4 and hydrochlorothiazide was added at week 12 if blood pressure response was inadequate."	( Olmesartan compared with other angiotensin II receptor antagonists: head-to-head trials. Stumpe, KO, 2004)	0.32
" Antihypertensive agents should sustain BP control, particularly in the last 6 h of the dosing interval or if dosing is missed."	( Sustained antihypertensive activity of telmisartan compared with valsartan. Davidai, G; Krzesinski, JM; Lacourcière, Y; Schumacher, H; White, WB, 2004)	0.32
"Due to its longer half-life, telmisartan offers more sustained BP control, especially at the end of the dosing period and provides sustained efficacy in poorly compliant patients in the event of a missed dose with a statistical superiority compared with valsartan."	( Sustained antihypertensive activity of telmisartan compared with valsartan. Davidai, G; Krzesinski, JM; Lacourcière, Y; Schumacher, H; White, WB, 2004)	0.32
" This drug's short serum half-life and low oral bioavailability make frequent dosing necessary, however, and we therefore sought to determine if the pro-drug valacyclovir, which has improved bioavailability, could be successfully substituted for this indication."	( Oral valacyclovir as prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus reactivation during high dose chemotherapy for leukemia. Ambinder, RF; Gore, SD; Hartley, EE; Miller, CB; Mills, SR; Orlowski, RZ; Piantadosi, S; Ye, X, 2004)	0.32
" At the end of this crossover sequence, patients received combined ramipril at 5 mg/d, valsartan at 80 mg/d, and an increased furosemide dosage for an additional 4-wk period."	( Diuretic and enhanced sodium restriction results in improved antiproteinuric response to RAS blocking agents. Delcroix, C; Ekhlas, A; Esnault, VL; Moutel, MG; Nguyen, JM, 2005)	0.33
" Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows accurate assessment of a patient's hypertension and risk for cardiovascular events, and provides the most accurate measure of an antihypertensive agent's efficacy throughout a 24-hour dosing interval."	( Use of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess antihypertensive efficacy: a comparison of olmesartan medoxomil, losartan potassium, valsartan, and irbesartan. Dubiel, R; Jones, M; Smith, DH, 2005)	0.33
" Furthermore, our results might indicate that the dose-response curve for acrylamide is not linear."	( Determination of haemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide in smoking and non-smoking persons of the general population. Angerer, J; Drexler, H; Kütting, B; Letzel, S; Rossbach, B; Schettgen, T, 2004)	0.32
" Most importantly, the shape of the dose-response curve for THB adduct formation mimicked the one observed for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) mutation frequency."	( Quantification of DNA and hemoglobin adducts of 3,4-epoxy-1,2-butanediol in rodents exposed to 3-butene-1,2-diol. Li, Y; Powley, MW; Swenberg, JA; Upton, PB; Walker, VE, 2005)	0.33
"Both candesartan and valsartan similarly alter taste sensitivity after the repeated dosing of the drug."	( Angiotensin II receptor blocker-induces blunted taste sensitivity: comparison of candesartan and valsartan. Ando, H; Fujimura, A; Ioka, T; Sugimoto, K; Tsuruoka, S; Wakaumi, M; Yamamoto, H, 2005)	0.33
" The reduction was slightly larger with bed-time dosing (15."	( Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive subjects. Ayala, DE; Calvo, C; Chayán, L; Fernández, JR; Fontao, MJ; Hermida, RC; López, JE; Mojón, A; Rodríguez, M; Soler, R, 2005)	0.33
"In non-dipper hypertensive patients, dosing time with valsartan should be chosen at bedtime, for improved efficacy during the nocturnal resting hours, as well as the potential associated reduction in cardiovascular risk."	( Treatment of non-dipper hypertension with bedtime administration of valsartan. Ayala, DE; Calvo, C; Covelo, M; Fernández, JR; Hermida, RC; López, JE; Mojón, A, 2005)	0.33
" Product dosage was 4 x 25 g sachets per day, providing 1264 kJ and 72 g amino acids: more than adequately meeting requirements for all micronutrients."	( A new protein substitute for adolescents and adults with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Hallam, P; Lee, PJ; Lilburn, M, 2005)	0.33
" The factors influencing the choice of therapy, such as cost, ease of dosing and acyclovir resistance are also discussed."	( Genital herpes: antiviral therapy for symptom relief and prevention of transmission. Gupta, R; Wald, A, 2006)	0.33
"Intravenous acyclovir at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every 8 hours for 14 days followed by oral valacyclovir at a dosage of 1000 mg 3 times per day for 1 month."	( Improvement of postherpetic neuralgia after treatment with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral valacyclovir. Gilden, DH; Hammack, BN; Kittelson, J; Quan, D, 2006)	0.33
" The less frequent dosing regimen makes it an attractive option in the treatment of genital herpes and other viral infections, and may contribute to increased patient adherence to therapy."	( Valacyclovir for the treatment of genital herpes. Brantley, JS; Hicks, L; Sra, K; Tyring, SK, 2006)	0.33
" Lambs were dosed with 6000 L3 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae daily for 6 d (n 6) or kept as parasite-free controls (n 6)."	( Whole-body valine and cysteine kinetics and tissue fractional protein synthesis rates in lambs fed Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and infected or not infected with adult Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Bermingham, EN; McNabb, WC; Roy, NC; Sinclair, BR; Sutherland, IA; Treloar, BP, 2006)	0.33
" Satisfaction with treatment is important since daily dosing with suppressive therapy is necessary in the absence of symptoms."	( Validation of the genital herpes treatment satisfaction questionnaire (GHerpTSQ) in status and change versions. Bradley, C; Taback, NA, 2006)	0.33
" In each study, subjects received multiple once-daily doses of aliskiren and the test antihypertensive drug alone or in combination in two dosing periods separated by a drug-free washout period."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions of aliskiren, a novel direct renin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension, with the antihypertensives amlodipine, valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and ramipril in healthy volunteers. Bizot, MN; Denouel, J; Dieterich, HA; Dole, WP; Kemp, C; Vaidyanathan, S; Valencia, J; Yeh, CM; Zhao, C, 2006)	0.33
" Changes in DBP and SBP were fitted to a first-order dose-response surface (lack-of-fit test, P = ."	( Aliskiren, an orally effective renin inhibitor, provides antihypertensive efficacy alone and in combination with valsartan. Aldigier, JC; Azizi, M; Chiang, Y; Januszewicz, A; Pool, JL; Satlin, A; Schmieder, RE; Zidek, W, 2007)	0.34
" However, during the first 7 h after dosing, ABP was lower on VAL, whereas AML exerted a significantly stronger effect during the last 4 h of the dosing interval--possibly influencing the differences in office BP found in the main study."	( Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after 1 year on valsartan or amlodipine-based treatment: a VALUE substudy. Høegholm, A; Julius, S; Kjeldsen, SE; Mancia, G; Nielsen, ES; Pedersen, OL; Pickering, T; Refsgaard, J; Weber, M, 2007)	0.34
" Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows the automatic recording of the circadian variation in blood pressure and evaluation of the efficacy of antihypertensive medication throughout the dosing interval."	( A review of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension: blood pressure control in the early morning hours. Gosse, P, 2006)	0.33
" The steady-state pharmacokinetics of valsartan, simvastatin beta-hydroxy acid (active metabolite of simvastatin) and simvastatin (pro-drug) were determined on day 7 of each dosing period."	( Evaluation of a pharmacokinetic interaction between valsartan and simvastatin in healthy subjects. Humbert, H; Pommier, F; Prasad, P; Reynolds, CV; Sunkara, G; Yeh, C, 2007)	0.34
"Based on the wide therapeutic dosage ranges of valsartan and simvastatin, and the highly variable pharmacokinetics of three analytes, the observed differences in the exposure and C(max) of valsartan, simvastatin beta-hydroxy acid and simvastatin in the combination treatment are unlikely to be of clinical relevance."	( Evaluation of a pharmacokinetic interaction between valsartan and simvastatin in healthy subjects. Humbert, H; Pommier, F; Prasad, P; Reynolds, CV; Sunkara, G; Yeh, C, 2007)	0.34
" Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, physician, and hospital characteristics; models were also adjusted for dosage categories, which were represented by time-dependent variables."	( Angiotensin II receptor blockers for the treatment of heart failure: a class effect? Behlouli, H; Hudson, M; Humphries, K; Pilote, L; Sheppard, R; Tu, JV, 2007)	0.34
"2DS is a unique model for learning about the deleterious effects of decreased dosage of the COMT gene on brain function."	( Abnormal cortical activation during response inhibition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Antonarakis, SE; Gothelf, D; Hallmayer, JF; Hinard, C; Hoeft, F; Morris, MA; Reiss, AL; Stoecker, JV, 2007)	0.34
" A questionnaire was applied to 31 physicians working in hospital- or community-based settings in Santiago, Chile in order to characterize their dosing and timing preferences for aciclovir or valaciclovir prescriptions."	( [Erroneous prescriptions of aciclovir and valaciclovir in herpes zoster treatment]. Donaire R, L; Fica C, A; Jadue A, C, 2007)	0.34
" The dosing schedule of bid versus three times daily is desirable for enhancing patient compliance and to subsequently reduce the incidence of viral resistance."	( Open-label study of valacyclovir 1.5 g twice daily for the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients 18 years of age or older. Aboutlabeti, S; Arora, A; Babb-Tarbox, M; Madkan, VK; Tyring, S, )	0.13
" The results showed that twice-daily dosing was as safe and effective as three times daily dosing for the reduction of ZAP and ZAAS."	( Open-label study of valacyclovir 1.5 g twice daily for the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients 18 years of age or older. Aboutlabeti, S; Arora, A; Babb-Tarbox, M; Madkan, VK; Tyring, S, )	0.13
" Twice-daily dosing may help increase patient compliance and therefore increase the effectiveness of treatment of the acute herpes zoster rash and the prevention of ZAP."	( Open-label study of valacyclovir 1.5 g twice daily for the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients 18 years of age or older. Aboutlabeti, S; Arora, A; Babb-Tarbox, M; Madkan, VK; Tyring, S, )	0.13
"In 12 normotensive male individuals who were on a high-sodium diet, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover design was used to study the hormonal and BP effects of single oral administrations of 300 mg of the renin inhibitor aliskiren, 320 mg of valsartan, and a combination of these two drugs, each at half dosage (150 mg of aliskiren and 160 mg of valsartan)."	( Hormonal and hemodynamic effects of aliskiren and valsartan and their combination in sodium-replete normotensive individuals. Azizi, M; Bissery, A; Bura-Rivière, A; Guyene, TT; Ménard, J, 2007)	0.34
", 50% effective concentrations (EC(50) values) from in vitro studies, to design an optimal dosage schedule."	( Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous infusion of acyclovir and after oral administration of acyclovir and its prodrug valacyclovir in healthy adult horses. Baert, K; Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Deprez, P; Garré, B; Gryspeerdt, A; Nauwynck, H; Shebany, K; van der Meulen, K, 2007)	0.34
" The primary endpoint was change from baseline in mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP; DBP) during the last 6 hours of the 24-hour dosing interval."	( Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the SMOOTH study. Davidson, J; Koval, S; Lacourcière, Y; Sharma, AM, 2007)	0.34
"In high-risk, overweight/obese patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, T/HCTZ provides significantly greater BP lowering versus V/HCTZ throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, particularly during the hazardous early morning hours."	( Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the SMOOTH study. Davidson, J; Koval, S; Lacourcière, Y; Sharma, AM, 2007)	0.34
" No adjustment in dosage based on pharmacokinetic considerations is required should vildagliptin be coadministered with amlodipine, valsartan, or ramipril in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension."	( Vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, has no pharmacokinetic interactions with the antihypertensive agents amlodipine, valsartan, and ramipril in healthy subjects. Campestrini, J; Dole, K; Dole, WP; He, YL; Howard, D; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Marion, A; Pommier, F; Sabo, R; Sunkara, G; Wang, Y; Zhao, C, 2008)	0.35
"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects obtained by gastroretentive dosage form (GRDF) for drugs absorbed by passive paracellular diffusion (atenolol, acyclovir) or active transport (valacyclovir)."	( Selection of drug candidates for gastroretentive dosage forms: pharmacokinetics following continuous intragastric mode of administration in a rat model. Hoffman, A; Kagan, L, 2008)	0.35
" The results of the calculations revealed that the variant that survives in patients dosed with either nevirapine or efavirenz had a more positive Delta Delta G value than other variants that were not observed in patients."	( Energetic effects for observed and unobserved HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations of residues L100, V106, and Y181 in the presence of nevirapine and efavirenz. Franklin, AM; Jorgensen, WL; Rader, LH; Smith, KD; Smith, MB; Smith, RH; Taylor, EV; Tirado-Rives, J, 2008)	0.35
" Corn- and peanut meal-based diets for each feeding phase served to titrate the Val dose-response levels."	( Valine nutrient recommendations for Ross x Ross 308 broilers. Corzo, A; Dozier, WA; Kidd, MT, 2008)	0.35
" Amlodipine/valsartan, at approved dosage regimens, achieved significantly greater reductions in mean sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) than amlodipine or valsartan monotherapy, or placebo in two randomized, double-blind, factorial trials in patients with mild to moderate hypertension."	( Amlodipine/Valsartan: fixed-dose combination in hypertension. Plosker, GL; Robinson, DM, 2008)	0.35
" However, the restenosis rate in patients with stable angina was relatively high (27%) with this dosage and no different from patients taking ACE inhibitors."	( Comparison of efficacy of low- (80 mg/day) and high- (160-320 mg/day) dose valsartan in the prevention of in-stent restenosis after implantation of bare-metal stents in type B2/C coronary artery lesions. Peters, S, 2008)	0.35
"A dosage of 1 g of valacyclovir 3 times per day (TID) for 7 days has already been shown to be superior to an oral dosage of 800 mg acyclovir 5 times per day for 7 days in immunocompetent individuals."	( Double-blind study comparing 2 dosages of valacyclovir hydrochloride for the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients 18 years of age and older. Arora, A; Brantley, J; Dix, L; Mendoza, N; Tyring, S; Yates, B, 2008)	0.35
" Buffer-acetonitrile (55 + 45, v/v) was used for reversed-phase liquid chromatography to determine the contents of nebivolol and valsartan in the combination-capsule dosage form."	( Determination of nebivolol and valsartan in a fixed-dose combination by liquid chromatography. Bhagwan, SS; Doshi, AS; Gupta, VK; Mehta, TN; Subaaiah, G, )	0.13
" Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased dependent on dosage used."	( [Valsartan improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure]. Baumhäkel, M; Böhm, M; Müller, U, 2008)	0.35
" Whereas the diagnosis of this condition is often straightforward, choosing an appropriate drug (eg, acyclovir, valacyclovir hydrochloride, or famciclovir) and dosing regimen can be confusing in view of (1) competing clinical approaches to therapy; (2) evolving dosing schedules based on new research; (3) approved regimens of the Food and Drug Administration that may not match recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or of other experts; and (4) dissimilar regimens for oral and genital infections."	( The treatment of herpes simplex infections: an evidence-based review. Brodell, RT; Cernik, C; Gallina, K, 2008)	0.35
" After this, subjects were enrolled into a 52-week, open-label phase during which valsartan was dosed to achieve SBP <95th percentile."	( Efficacy and safety of the Angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan in children with hypertension aged 1 to 5 years. Bagga, A; de Paula Meneses, R; Flynn, JT; Gupte, J; Han, G; Mattheyse, L; Meyers, KE; Neto, JP; Shi, V; Solar-Yohay, S; Zurowska, A, 2008)	0.35
" The tolerability of the two drugs is similar, but the dosing for VAL might be more comfortable for patients."	( Comparison of oral antiviral therapy with valacyclovir or acyclovir after penetrating keratoplasty for herpetic keratitis. Bachmann, C; Frueh, BE; Garweg, J; Goldblum, D; Tappeiner, C, 2008)	0.35
" In addition, a dose-response was observed with increasing dose of HCTZ with respect to MSSBP."	( Combination therapy with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide at doses up to 320/25 mg improves blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension inadequately controlled by valsartan 320 mg monotherapy. Baumgart, P; Ferber, P; Le Breton, S; Reimund, B; Tuomilehto, J; Tykarski, A, 2008)	0.35
" COMT val158met genotype was related in allele dosage fashion to performance in an executive function test, with the met/met carriers scoring highest."	( Effect of COMT val158met genotype on cognition and personality. Eggermann, T; Kircher, T; Krug, A; Leube, D; Markov, V; Michel, TM; Sheldrick, AJ; Zerres, K, 2008)	0.35
" The methods were successfully used to perform pharmacokinetic and clinical studies in horses after intravenous and oral dosage of acyclovir and its prodrug valacyclovir."	( Determination of acyclovir in horse plasma and body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detection and heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Desmet, N; Garré, B; Maes, A; Nauwynck, H; van der Meulen, K, 2009)	0.35
" Four ponies were treated with valacyclovir at a dosage of 40mg/kg bodyweight, 3 times daily, for 5 (n=2) or 7 (n=2) consecutive days, while the other four ponies served as untreated controls."	( Evaluation of orally administered valacyclovir in experimentally EHV1-infected ponies. Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Garré, B; Gryspeerdt, A; Nauwynck, H, 2009)	0.35
" Additionally, we employed a dosage of valsartan (1 mg/ kg/day) that does not affect blood pressure, to avoid the effect of blood pressure lowering."	( Inhibition of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat model by the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan. Aoki, M; Fujiwara, Y; Makino, H; Miyake, T; Morishita, R; Nishimura, M; Shiraya, S; Yamakawa, S, 2008)	0.35
" Experiment 4 was a dose-response study using 5 concentrations of Val supply (ranging from 60 to 80% SID Val:Lys)."	( The standardized ileal digestible valine-to-lysine requirement ratio is at least seventy percent in postweaned piglets. Barea, R; Brossard, L; Le Floc'h, N; Melchior, D; Primot, Y; van Milgen, J, 2009)	0.35
" Blood samples are collected before and for 24 hours after dosing to quantitate valsartan."	( Pharmacokinetics of valsartan in pediatric and adolescent subjects with hypertension. Batisky, DL; Blumer, J; Shi, V; Solar-Yohay, S; Sunkara, G; Wells, T, 2009)	0.35
"1 million genome-copies/ml, and thereafter declined precipitously, coinciding with an increase in the dosage of valaciclovir given; HHV-8 DNA was detected most often in WMS compared with parotid saliva, and buccal and palatal exfoliates."	( Extensive oral shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in a renal allograft recipient. Al-Otaibi, LM; Al-Sulaiman, MH; Porter, SR; Teo, CG, 2009)	0.35
"The purpose of the study was to develop pulsatile capsule dosage form of valsartan for controlled delivery."	( Chronotherapeutic drug delivery for early morning surge in blood pressure: a programmable delivery system. Averinen, RK; Gupta, PD; Mutalik, S; Nayak, UY; Nayak, Y; Reddy, SM; Shavi, GV; Udupa, N, 2009)	0.35
" Dosing regimens are either not executed as prescribed (noncompliance) or patients stop taking the medication (nonpersistence)."	( Impact of supportive measures on drug adherence in patients with essential hypertension treated with valsartan: the randomized, open-label, parallel group study VALIDATE. Düsing, R; Handrock, R; Klebs, S; Tousset, E; Vrijens, B, 2009)	0.35
" In parallel, execution of the dosing regimen (compliance) was also improved in the intervention group during the early months of treatment but this effect also disappeared by the end of the observation period."	( Impact of supportive measures on drug adherence in patients with essential hypertension treated with valsartan: the randomized, open-label, parallel group study VALIDATE. Düsing, R; Handrock, R; Klebs, S; Tousset, E; Vrijens, B, 2009)	0.35
" This validated population pharmacokinetic model for acyclovir may be used to develop dosing guidelines for safe and effective antiviral therapy in young people with malignancy."	( Population pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in children and young people with malignancy after administration of intravenous acyclovir or oral valacyclovir. Blair, EY; Coakley, JC; Earl, JW; McLachlan, AJ; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K; Zeng, L, 2009)	0.35
" Doses up to 80mg/kg/day (7-day dosing regime) did not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow."	( MNT and MutaMouse studies to define the in vivo dose response relations of the genotoxicity of EMS and ENU. Ballantyne, M; Gocke, E; Müller, L; Whitwell, J, 2009)	0.35
"The aim of the current study was to investigate whether multiple oral dosing of valacyclovir could result in plasma concentrations exceeding the EC(50)-value of acyclovir against equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) during the majority of the treatment period."	( Multiple oral dosing of valacyclovir in horses and ponies. Baert, K; Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Deprez, P; Garré, B; Nauwynck, H, 2009)	0.35
"The risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depends on the number of traumatic event types experienced in a dose-response relationship, but genetic factors are known to also influence the risk of PTSD."	( The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder after trauma depends on traumatic load and the catechol-o-methyltransferase Val(158)Met polymorphism. De Quervain, DJ; Ertl, V; Kolassa, IT; Kolassa, S; Papassotiropoulos, A, 2010)	0.36
"Higher numbers of different lifetime traumatic event types led to a higher prevalence of lifetime PTSD in a dose-response relationship."	( The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder after trauma depends on traumatic load and the catechol-o-methyltransferase Val(158)Met polymorphism. De Quervain, DJ; Ertl, V; Kolassa, IT; Kolassa, S; Papassotiropoulos, A, 2010)	0.36
"5 mg (V/HCTZ), and electively titrated after weeks 2 and 4 to the next dosage level (maximum dose valsartan/HCTZ 160/25 mg) if BP remained >140/90 mm Hg."	( Effectiveness of initiating treatment with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with stage-1 or stage-2 hypertension. Calhoun, DA; Jamerson, KA; Palmer, BF; Purkayastha, D; Samuel, R; Zappe, DH, 2010)	0.36
" A dosing recommendation cannot be made for infants <3 months of age because of decreased clearance in this age group."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of extemporaneously compounded valacyclovir oral suspension in pediatric patients from 1 month through 11 years of age. Bradley, JS; Heitman, CK; Jacobs, RF; Kimberlin, DW; Man, CY; van der Walt, JS; Weller, S, 2010)	0.36
" Indwelling intrathecal catheters allowed serial CSF sampling throughout the dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir and its metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and systemic circulation after administration of high-dose valacyclovir in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Haas, DW; Johnson, B; Luther, JM; Nicotera, J; Smith, JP; Weller, S, 2010)	0.36
" Eighteen patients with stable proteinuria over 1 g/day with combined ramipril at 5 mg/day and valsartan at 80 mg/day in addition to conventional antihypertensive treatments were randomized to receive combined ramipril at 5 mg/day and valsartan at 80 mg/day, or combined ramipril at 10 mg/day and valsartan at 160 mg/day, or combined ramipril at 5 mg/day, valsartan at 80 mg/day and increased furosemide dosage in random order."	( Diuretic uptitration with half dose combined ACEI + ARB better decreases proteinuria than combined ACEI + ARB uptitration. Ekhlas, A; Esnault, VL; Moranne, O; Nguyen, JM, 2010)	0.36
"The geometric mean urinary protein/creatinine ratio was lower with combined ramipril at 5 mg/day, valsartan at 80 mg/day and increased furosemide dosage compared to combined ramipril at 5 mg/day and valsartan at 80 mg/day, but also to combined ramipril at 10 mg/day and valsartan at 160 mg/day."	( Diuretic uptitration with half dose combined ACEI + ARB better decreases proteinuria than combined ACEI + ARB uptitration. Ekhlas, A; Esnault, VL; Moranne, O; Nguyen, JM, 2010)	0.36
"A cautious uptitration of loop diuretic dosage in addition to combined half doses of ACEI and ARB better decrease proteinuria in patients with CKD and high residual proteinuria than uptitration to full dose of combined ACEI and ARB."	( Diuretic uptitration with half dose combined ACEI + ARB better decreases proteinuria than combined ACEI + ARB uptitration. Ekhlas, A; Esnault, VL; Moranne, O; Nguyen, JM, 2010)	0.36
" The morning dosage was titrated if the goal blood pressure was not achieved."	( [Impact of antihypertensive medication timing on degree and stability of blood pressure lowering in patients with essential hypertension]. Bai, B; Cui, TQ; Hou, JN; Jiang, LS; Mu, CL; Zhao, CP, 2009)	0.35
" Short-course (<1 year) prophylaxis with acyclovir has been shown to be effective, but compliance with five times daily dosing may be problematic."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valacyclovir prophylaxis to prevent zoster recurrence from months 4 to 24 after BMT. DesJardin, JA; Klein, A; Miller, KB; Snydman, DR; Sprague, K, 2011)	0.37
" Further studies on PF-03084014-induced gastrointestinal toxicity identified an intermittent dosing schedule that displayed reduced body weight loss and sustained antitumor efficacy."	( Evaluation of selective gamma-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 for its antitumor efficacy and gastrointestinal safety to guide optimal clinical trial design. Denlinger, RH; Ding, R; Hosea, N; Jani, JP; Qiu, M; Randolph, S; Sands, M; Smeal, T; Tsaparikos, K; Walls, M; Wei, P; Wong, A, 2010)	0.36
" For reasons of safety and efficacy, the pure enantiomer is usually preferred over the racemate in many marketed dosage forms."	( Chiral self assembled monolayers as resolving auxiliaries in the crystallization of valine. Myerson, AS; Singh, A, 2010)	0.36
" Valacyclovir was discovered in 1988 and revolutionized the treatment of these infections by virtue of its less frequent dosing regimen, which promotes patient adherence."	( Valacyclovir: approved and off-label uses for the treatment of herpes virus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults. Chemaly, RF; Vigil, KJ, 2010)	0.36
" They were successfully applied to the determination of AML and VAL in synthetic mixtures and in a pharmaceutical dosage form."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic and first derivative of the ratio spectrophotometric determination of amlodipine and valsartan in their binary mixtures. Dogan-Topal, B; Kul, D; Kutucu, T; Ozkan, SA; Uslu, B, )	0.13
"A simple, precise, accurate stability-indicating gradient reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of purity of Valsartan drug substance and drug products in bulk samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of its impurities and degradation products."	( Stability-indicating UPLC method for determination of Valsartan and their degradation products in active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Krishnaiah, Ch; Kumar, R; Mukkanti, K; Reddy, AR, 2010)	0.36
" Amlodipine, however, has been shown to be effective in reducing BP throughout the day and night, independent of dosing time."	( Chronotherapy with valsartan/amlodipine fixed combination: improved blood pressure control of essential hypertension with bedtime dosing. Ayala, DE; Fernández, JR; Fontao, MJ; Hermida, RC; Mojón, A, 2010)	0.36
"The safety of once-daily (qd) dosing of valsartan in heart failure (HF) patients is not known."	( Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily dosing of valsartan in patients with chronic stable heart failure. Anand, IS; Deswal, A; Kereiakes, DJ; Purkayastha, D; Zappe, DH, 2010)	0.36
" Similar proportions of patients tolerated qd vs bid dosing (bid 67% vs qd 68%)."	( Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily dosing of valsartan in patients with chronic stable heart failure. Anand, IS; Deswal, A; Kereiakes, DJ; Purkayastha, D; Zappe, DH, 2010)	0.36
"Valsartan administered qd has a similar safety and tolerability profile with comparable 24-hour RAAS blockade, as assessed by increases in PRA, as bid dosing in patients with moderate to severe (NYHA class II-III) heart failure."	( Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily dosing of valsartan in patients with chronic stable heart failure. Anand, IS; Deswal, A; Kereiakes, DJ; Purkayastha, D; Zappe, DH, 2010)	0.36
" Of the 10 D+/R- patients who developed CMV disease, six were inadvertently on a dose of valaciclovir below that dictated by protocol arising from a failure to increase dosage in parallel with improving recipient renal function."	( Low-dose valaciclovir and cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in high-risk renal transplant recipients. Cohney, SJ; Nicholls, K; Tan, MB; Toussaint, ND; Walker, RG, 2011)	0.37
" Once-daily treatment with amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (10/320/25 mg) reduces ABP to a significantly greater extent than component-based dual therapy and maintains its effectiveness over the entire 24-h dosing period."	( 24-Hour ambulatory blood pressure control with triple-therapy amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Calhoun, DA; Crikelair, N; Glazer, RD; Lacourcière, Y; Yen, J, 2011)	0.37
"In this ABPM substudy (n=108), initiation of treatment with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide lowered ABP more effectively than either monotherapy throughout the daytime, night-time, and 24-h monitoring periods, as well as during the last 4 and 6-h dosing periods."	( Effect of valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and their combination on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure response in elderly patients with systolic hypertension: a ValVET substudy. Cushman, WC; Duprez, DA; Izzo, JL; Purkayastha, D; Samuel, R; Weintraub, HS; Zappe, D, 2011)	0.37
"Administration of angiotensin receptor blockers at bedtime results in greater reduction of nighttime blood pressure than dosing upon awakening, independent of the terminal half-life of each individual medication."	( Chronotherapy with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in essential hypertension: improved sleep-time blood pressure control with bedtime dosing. Ayala, DE; Fernández, JR; Fontao, MJ; Hermida, RC; Mojón, A, 2011)	0.37
" The PK profile was supportive of once-daily dosing with median peak plasma concentrations at 1-2 hours postdose and mean terminal half-life of 12-15 hours."	( Multiple ascending dose study of BMS-790052, a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Bifano, M; Chung, E; DeMicco, MP; Fuentes, E; Gao, M; Goldwater, R; Grasela, DM; Lawitz, E; Lopez-Talavera, JC; Marbury, TC; Nettles, RE; Persson, A; Rodriguez-Torres, M; Vutikullird, A, 2011)	0.37
" The results of the study provide information about optimal dosing of the drug in the management of patients after MI."	( The impact of dose of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan on the post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Baek, H; Cho, YR; Choi, SY; Hong, TJ; Hur, SH; Hwang, JY; Kim, KS; Kim, YD; Lee, SG; Park, JS; Park, K; Park, TH; Yang, TH, 2011)	0.37
"6H(2)O) in a dose-response manner, was higher in the UMR106 osteoblastic cell line than that of the MC3T3E1 normal line at concentrations ≥100 μM."	( Dinuclear copper(II) complexes with valsartan. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity. Di Virgilio, AL; Etcheverry, SB; Nascimento, OR; Williams, PA, 2012)	0.38
"6 mmHg), ABP in the last 4 hours of the dosing period (-21."	( Ambulatory blood pressure response to triple therapy with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), calcium-channel blocker (CCB), and HCTZ versus dual therapy with an ARB and HCTZ. Duprez, D; Ferdinand, K; Purkayastha, D; Samuel, R; Wright, R, 2011)	0.37
" Furthermore, the superior pharmacokinetics and more convenient dosing regimens with the use of valaciclovir and famciclovir clearly make them the preferred treatment option."	( Antivirals for management of herpes zoster including ophthalmicus: a systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled trials. de Kock, J; McDonald, EM; Ram, FS, 2012)	0.38
" Following 2 further weeks of treatment, the reduction in msSBP was maintained in patients who were re-randomized to continue receiving the same dosage of valsartan but not in those re-randomized to placebo."	( Valsartan: in children and adolescents with hypertension. Croxtall, JD, 2012)	0.38
" Protection against mucocutaneous lesions was observed, but the dosage was probably inappropriate for the prevention of HSV activation in the central nervous system."	( Long-term valacyclovir suppressive treatment after herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Akre, O; Aurelius, E; Franzen-Röhl, E; Glimåker, M; Grillner, L; Jorup-Rönström, C; Studahl, M, 2012)	0.38
" Home BP monitoring, if done with proper technique, provides a reliable indicator of BP control in elderly patients and may help guide drug dosing and titration."	( Home and clinic blood pressure responses in elderly individuals with systolic hypertension. Cushman, WC; Duprez, DA; Izzo, JL; Purkayastha, D; Samuel, R; Weintraub, HS; Zappe, D, )	0.13
"Randomization within 72 hours in a factorial fashion to placebo plus placebo (n = 206); prednisolone, 60 mg/d for 5 days, with the dosage then tapered for 5 days, plus placebo (n = 210); valacyclovir hydrochloride, 1000 mg 3 times daily for 7 days, plus placebo (n = 207); or prednisolone plus valacyclovir (n = 206)."	( The effect of prednisolone on sequelae in Bell's palsy. Berg, T; Bylund, N; Engström, M; Hultcrantz, M; Jonsson, L; Kanerva, M; Marsk, E, 2012)	0.38
" The observed effect may be beneficial to develop oral valsartan dosage forms using safe P-gp inhibitor (quercetin) to improve its oral bioavailability."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between quercetin and valsartan in rats and in vitro models. Babu, PR; Challa, SR; Challa, VR; Johnson, B; Maheswari, C, 2013)	0.39
" Surprisingly, the increasing dosage of valsartan in the Val-Val50 group showed non-significant tendencies to attenuate the albuminuria compared with vehicle infusion."	( Add-on aliskiren elicits stronger renoprotection than high-dose valsartan in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice that do not respond to low-dose valsartan. Fan, YY; Hitomi, H; Kitada, K; Kobori, H; Lei, B; Masaki, T; Mori, H; Nakano, D; Nishiyama, A, 2012)	0.38
"Several direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are available, but they are limited by tolerability and dosing schedules."	( Daclatasvir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C genotype-1 infection: a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, phase 2a trial. Abrams, GA; Bräu, N; Bronowicki, JP; Diva, U; Everson, GT; Ghalib, RH; Hernandez, D; Hézode, C; Hindes, R; Hughes, EA; Lim, JK; Martorell, C; McPhee, F; Morris, DW; Pol, S; Reindollar, RW; Rustgi, VK; Schnittman, S; Tatum, HA; Thuluvath, PJ; Wind-Rotolo, M; Yin, PD, 2012)	0.38
" Six of 16 patients (37%) receiving long-term oral acyclovir had recurrent HSV, at least one case of which followed a growth spurt that caused the baseline dosage of acyclovir to become subtherapeutic."	( Pediatric herpes simplex of the anterior segment: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Colby, KA; Liu, S; Pavan-Langston, D, 2012)	0.38
" Oral acyclovir is effective, but the dosage must be adjusted as the child grows."	( Pediatric herpes simplex of the anterior segment: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Colby, KA; Liu, S; Pavan-Langston, D, 2012)	0.38
" Thus, the physicochemical differences of raw materials should be carefully considered in early dosage formulation approaches."	( Effects of solvents and crystallization conditions on the polymorphic behaviors and dissolution rates of valsartan. Lee, BJ; Park, JB; Tran, PH; Tran, TT, 2012)	0.38
" Among HCV protease inhibitors, the safety, potency, and convenient dosing of simeprevir, asunaprevir, faldaprevir, and ABT-450/r were particularly highlighted."	( Hepatitis C therapy: highlights from the 2012 annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Barreiro, P; Fernández-Montero, JV; Poveda, E; Soriano, V; Vispo, E, 2013)	0.39
" dosing a mixture of the SIL and the unlabeled drugs."	( Practical and efficient strategy for evaluating oral absolute bioavailability with an intravenous microdose of a stable isotopically-labeled drug using a selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay. Arnold, ME; Aubry, AF; Bifano, M; Burrell, R; Easter, J; Gu, H; Jiang, H; Kandoussi, H; Li, W; Titsch, C; Zeng, J, 2012)	0.38
" Valsartan with bedtime dosing in CKD patients with the nondipping BP pattern have better renal and cardiovascular protection."	( Effect of valsartan with bedtime dosing on chronic kidney disease patients with nondipping blood pressure pattern. Chen, Z; Li, CC; Liu, X; Lou, T; Peng, H; Wang, C; Ye, ZC; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.39
"Accurate, sensitive and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophopometric methods were developed for the concurrent estimation of amlodipine besylate (AMLO), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and valsartan (VALS) in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms."	( Concurrent estimation of amlodipine besylate, hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan by RP-HPLC, HPTLC and UV-spectrophotometry. Kothari, C; Mehta, P; Sharma, M; Sherikar, O, 2014)	0.4
"5]octan-6-yl] N-[(2R)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate, demonstrates rapid inactivation of its molecular target, methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2), and good efficacy in several rodent models of cancer and inflammation with oral dosing despite low apparent oral bioavailability."	( Metabolites of PPI-2458, a selective, irreversible inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase-2: structure determination and in vivo activity. Arico-Muendel, CC; Belanger, B; Benjamin, D; Blanchette, HS; Caiazzo, TM; Centrella, PA; DeLorey, J; Doyle, EG; Gradhand, U; Griffin, ST; Hill, S; Labenski, MT; Morgan, BA; O'Donovan, G; Prasad, K; Skinner, S; Taghizadeh, N; Thompson, CD; Wakefield, J; Westlin, W; White, KF, 2013)	0.39
" The primary endpoint was the slope analysis of the dose-response curve for mean sitting SBP (MSSBP) derived through MSSBP reduction over the first 6 weeks."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 months to 5 years of age. Bagga, A; Coppo, R; Kadwa, M; Schaefer, F; Schlosshauer, R; Senguttuvan, P; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Greater reductions were observed with the medium and high doses, although the dose-response trend was not statistically significant (P = 0."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 months to 5 years of age. Bagga, A; Coppo, R; Kadwa, M; Schaefer, F; Schlosshauer, R; Senguttuvan, P; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Although a dose-response trend was observed, statistical significance was not achieved during the dose ranging (primary endpoint) or the placebo-withdrawal periods of the study."	( Efficacy and safety of valsartan in hypertensive children 6 months to 5 years of age. Bagga, A; Coppo, R; Kadwa, M; Schaefer, F; Schlosshauer, R; Senguttuvan, P; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Dexamethasone was given in 2 oral dosing regimens with repeat dose oral administration of the gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), PF-03084014, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in order to evaluate the effects of coadministration of dexamethasone on GSI-induced goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) in the intestinal tract."	( Intermittent oral coadministration of a gamma secretase inhibitor with dexamethasone mitigates intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia in rats. Aguirre, SA; Burns-Naas, LA; Denlinger, RH; Han, B; Hosea, NA; Liu, L; May, JR; Randolph, S; Scott, W, 2014)	0.4
" A fixed-dose combination (FDC) drug is a formulation including fixed amounts of active drug ingredients combined in a single dosage form that is expected to improve medication compliance."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of 2 fixed-dose combination tablets of amlodipine and valsartan in healthy male Korean volunteers: a randomized, open-label, 2-period, single-dose, crossover study. Bahng, MY; Chae, D; Kim, Y; Lee, D; Park, K; Roh, H; Son, H; Son, M, 2013)	0.39
"Once-daily fimasartan effectively maintained a BP-reduction profile over the full 24-hour dosing interval; this profile was comparable to or slightly better than that of once-daily valsartan."	( Ambulatory blood pressure response to once-daily fimasartan: an 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator, parallel-group study in Korean patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Chae, SC; Jeong, MH; Kim, DS; Kim, KS; Lee, H; Oh, BH, 2013)	0.39
" No clinically relevant interactions between daclatasvir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were observed for either drug, and no dosing adjustments were indicated."	( Assessment of pharmacokinetic interactions of the HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir with antiretroviral agents: ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, efavirenz and tenofovir. Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Grasela, D; Hartstra, J; Hwang, C; Kandoussi, H; Oosterhuis, B; Sevinsky, H; Tiessen, R; Velinova-Donga, M, 2013)	0.39
" However, side effects as well as the narrow therapeutic dosing range often complicate its use."	( Temporal association as a prerequisite factor of valsartan-induced lithium toxicity. Giannakopoulos, P; Lazarczyk, MJ, 2014)	0.4
"In contrast to previous reports, the toxicity in our patient occurred not upon introduction or titration of lithium or valsartan but after subtle modifications in daily dosing schedule for lithium."	( Temporal association as a prerequisite factor of valsartan-induced lithium toxicity. Giannakopoulos, P; Lazarczyk, MJ, 2014)	0.4
" The methods were used for the quantitative analysis of the drugs in raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage form via handling the UV spectral data."	( Different approaches in Partial Least Squares and Artificial Neural Network models applied for the analysis of a ternary mixture of Amlodipine, Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide. Darwish, HW; El-Zeany, BA; Hassan, SA; Salem, MY, 2014)	0.4
"It was concluded that the developed transdermal gel accentuates the flux of valsartan and could be used as an antihypertensive dosage form for effective transdermal delivery of valsartan."	( Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats. Ahad, A; Aqil, M; Kohli, K; Mujeeb, M; Sultana, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, a formulation strategy using the redispersible dry emulsion with HPMC/poloxamer 407 is very effective for the development of a new dosage form containing valsartan."	( Oral absorption of a valsartan-loaded spray-dried emulsion based on hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Baek, IH; Cho, W; Choo, GH; Ha, ES; Hwang, SJ; Kim, JS; Kim, MS, 2014)	0.4
" It is possible for the pharmacist to crush valsartan 80-mg tablets and prepare a suspension which has dosage flexibility that can be calculated according to body-surface area, kidney, and liver functions, without affecting the chemical stability of the active ingredient nor its dissolution profile and also have a cost-effective dosage form."	( Preparation and stability evaluation of extemporaneous oral suspension of valsartan using commercially available tablets. Assali, M; Ghanem, M; Qaddomi, A; Zaaror, YA; Zaid, AN, )	0.13
" Individual-level linkage of nationwide registries of hospitalization and drug dispensing in Denmark was used to describe patterns of ARB prescriptions and estimate dosage before and after November 2010."	( Dosage of angiotensin-II receptor blockers in heart failure patients following changes in Danish drug reimbursement policies. Gislason, GH; Kristensen, SL; Køber, L; Lamberts, M; Selmer, C; Torp-Pedersen, C; von Kappelgaard, LM, 2014)	0.4
" In analyzing parallel-group trials by daily dose, no clear evidence was found of a dose-response relationship for any drug."	( Oral antiviral therapy for prevention of genital herpes outbreaks in immunocompetent and nonpregnant patients. Chosidow, O; Do, G; Le Cleach, L; Lebrun-Vignes, B; Maruani, A; Ravaud, P; Trinquart, L, 2014)	0.4
" Daclatasvir 60 mg once daily and asunaprevir 600 mg twice daily were dosed for 7 days alone followed by combination dosing for 14 days at 30 mg once daily and 200 mg twice daily, respectively."	( The pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir and asunaprevir administered in combination in studies in healthy subjects and patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Eley, T; Gardiner, D; Grasela, DM; He, B; Huang, SP; Kandoussi, H; Sevinsky, H; Zhu, K, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability."	( Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan-polymer- surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process. Baek, IH; Kim, MS, 2014)	0.4
" Ombitasvir was evaluated in vivo in a 3-day monotherapy study in 12 HCV genotype 1-infected patients at 5, 25, 50, or 200 mg dosed once daily."	( In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity and resistance profile of ombitasvir, an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5A. Beyer, J; Campbell, A; Collins, C; DeGoey, D; Kati, W; Koev, G; Krishnan, P; Mistry, N; Molla, A; Pilot-Matias, T; Reisch, T; Setze, C; Williams, L; Xie, W, 2015)	0.42
" Initial dosage (Neb/Val 5/160 mg/d) was titrated up to 20/320 mg/d to achieve blood pressure (BP) goal (JNC7 criteria), with the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (up to 25 mg/d) if needed."	( Long-term safety of nebivolol and valsartan combination therapy in patients with hypertension: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter study. Finck, A; Giles, TD; Li, H; Neutel, JM; Punzi, H; Weiss, RJ, 2014)	0.4
" We further explored the dose-response relationship of miR-124 and let-7a with two biomarkers of tobacco exposure and found that this relationship was affected by adjustments based on age, pack-year and gender."	( Quantification of plasma microRNAs in a group of healthy smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers and correlation to biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Banerjee, A; Camacho, OM; Minet, E; Waters, D, 2015)	0.42
" This phase 2, randomized, open-label study evaluated an IFN- and RBV-free regimen of once-daily ombitasvir (ABT-267), an NS5A inhibitor, plus paritaprevir (ABT-450), an NS3/4A protease inhibitor dosed with ritonavir (paritaprevir/ritonavir), in pegylated IFN/RBV treatment-experienced Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus subtype 1b or genotype 2 infection."	( Randomized trial of interferon- and ribavirin-free ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Badri, P; Chayama, K; Kumada, H; Kurosaki, M; Notsumata, K; Pilot-Matias, T; Rodrigues, L; Sato, K; Setze, C; Vilchez, RA, 2015)	0.42
" Furthermore, a gene dosage study and an isotope tracer study were conducted to investigate the 3H4MV biosynthesis pathway."	( Genome-based analysis and gene dosage studies provide new insight into 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate biosynthesis in Ralstonia eutropha. Mizuno, S; Saika, A; Tsuge, T; Ushimaru, K, 2015)	0.42
" Thirteen studies were conducted to characterize drug-drug interactions for the 3D regimen of OBV, PTV/r, and DSV and various medications in healthy volunteers to inform dosing recommendations in HCV-infected patients."	( Drug-drug interaction profile of the all-oral anti-hepatitis C virus regimen of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Dutta, S; Hu, B; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Wang, H; Wang, T; Zha, J, 2015)	0.42
" The results suggest that cyclosporine and tacrolimus doses and dosing frequency should be reduced in HCV-infected posttransplant patients being treated with this 3-DAA regimen."	( Pharmacokinetics and dose recommendations for cyclosporine and tacrolimus when coadministered with ABT-450, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir. Awni, W; Badri, P; Bernstein, B; Coakley, E; Cohen, D; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, R; Podsadecki, T, 2015)	0.42
"The chronic use and high dosing of typical neuroleptics or centrally acting dopamine receptor blocking antiemetics predispose patients to the onset of tardive syndromes."	( Valbenazine granted breakthrough drug status for treating tardive dyskinesia. Müller, T, 2015)	0.42
" This preliminary valacyclovir model can be used in simulations to provide dosage recommendations for children of various ages and to help design more efficiently prospective clinical trials."	( Development of a paediatric population pharmacokinetic model for valacyclovir from literature non-compartmental values originating from sparse studies and Bayesian priors: a simulation study. Dokoumetzidis, A; Kechagia, IA, 2015)	0.42
" We examined the efficacy and safety of an all-oral interferon-free regimen of ombitasvir, an NS5A inhibitor, and paritaprevir (ABT-450), an NS3/4A protease inhibitor dosed with ritonavir (ombitasvir plus paritaprevir plus ritonavir), given with or without ribavirin."	( Ombitasvir plus paritaprevir plus ritonavir with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus infection (PEARL-I): a randomised, open-label trial. Asselah, T; Berenguer, M; Fleischer-Stepniewska, K; Hall, C; Hassanein, T; Hézode, C; Marcellin, P; Mobashery, N; Pilot-Matias, T; Pol, S; Reddy, KR; Redman, R; Schnell, G; Vilchez, RA, 2015)	0.42
" A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val to Lys ratio required to support the optimum growth of post-weaned piglets."	( Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs. Corrent, E; Nørgaard, JV; Poulsen, HD; Sloth, NM; Soumeh, EA; van Milgen, J, 2015)	0.42
" Importantly, adjustments to the immunosuppressant dosage were not required."	( Daclatasvir, Simeprevir and Ribavirin as a Promising Interferon-Free Triple Regimen for HCV Recurrence after Liver Transplant. Achterfeld, A; Canbay, A; Gerken, G; Herzer, K; Papadopoulos-Köhn, A; Paul, A; Timm, J; Walker, A, 2015)	0.42
" The methods of analysis of valsartan in pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids using spectrophotometer, CE, TLC, and HPLC methods are discussed in details."	( Valsartan. Ardiana, F; Indrayanto, G, 2015)	0.42
" Moreover, the utility of prodrug 8t was demonstrated through similar exposure of the parent compound when the prodrugs were dosed in vivo."	( Design and synthesis of imidazole N-H substituted amide prodrugs as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication. Cai, J; Chen, B; Chen, J; Ji, M; Li, W; Wang, P; Zhou, G; Zong, X, 2015)	0.42
" A total of 321 patients without cirrhosis were randomized and dosed with double-blind study drug (106 received double-blind placebo and later received open-label OBV/PTV/r), and 42 patients with cirrhosis were enrolled and dosed with open-label OBV/PTV/r."	( Randomized phase 3 trial of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1b-infected Japanese patients with or without cirrhosis. Burroughs, M; Chayama, K; Ikeda, K; Karino, Y; Kioka, K; Kumada, H; Matsuzaki, Y; Patwardhan, M; Pilot-Matias, T; Redman, R; Rodrigues, L; Sato, K; Setze, C; Suzuki, F; Toyoda, H; Vilchez, RA, 2015)	0.42
" Where interaction is possible, risk can be mitigated by paying careful attention to concomitant medications, adjusting drug dosage as needed, and monitoring patient response and/or clinical parameters."	( Dosing Recommendations for Concomitant Medications During 3D Anti-HCV Therapy. Badri, PS; Dutta, S; King, JR; McGovern, BH; Menon, RM; Polepally, AR, 2016)	0.43
" Then a PopPK model of valacyclovir was used to determine by simulations, dosage regimens that fulfill the criteria for both targets."	( Extrapolation of Valacyclovir Posology to Children Based on Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Dokoumetzidis, A; Kalantzi, L; Kechagia, IA, 2015)	0.42
" Drug-drug interactions were evaluated in healthy volunteers to develop dosing recommendations for HCV-infected subjects."	( Drug Interactions with the Direct-Acting Antiviral Combination of Ombitasvir and Paritaprevir-Ritonavir. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Chiu, YL; Dutta, S; Khatri, A; Menon, RM; Podsadecki, TJ; Polepally, AR; Wang, H; Zha, J, 2016)	0.43
" A drug-drug interaction (DDI) study was conducted to guide dosing recommendations for UDCA and GCR when coadministered with the 2D regimen."	( Drug Interactions Between Hepatoprotective Agents Ursodeoxycholic Acid or Glycyrrhizin and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir in Healthy Japanese Subjects. Alves, K; Badri, PS; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Redman, R; Rodrigues, L; Uchiyama, N; Zha, J, 2015)	0.42
" The open-label ALLY-1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of a 60-mg once-daily dosage of daclatasvir (pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor) in combination with sofosbuvir at 400 mg once daily (NS5B inhibitor) and ribavirin at 600 mg/day for 12 weeks with a 24-week follow-up in two cohorts of patients with chronic HCV infection of any genotype and either compensated/decompensated cirrhosis or posttransplantation recurrence."	( Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post-liver transplantation recurrence. Fontana, RJ; Hughes, EA; Landis, C; McPhee, F; Noviello, S; Poordad, F; Schiff, ER; Swenson, ES; Vierling, JM; Yang, R, 2016)	0.43
"Among 2,053 patients enrolled and dosed with study drug, 410 (20%) were receiving concomitant ARAs; of these, 308 (15%) were taking concomitant PPIs."	( Safety and Efficacy of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir Plus Dasabuvir With or Without Ribavirin in HCV-Infected Patients Taking Concomitant Acid-Reducing Agents. Asselah, T; Bennett, M; Forns, X; Liu, L; Moller, J; Pedrosa, M; Planas Vila, R; Reau, N; Rustgi, V; Shiffman, ML, 2016)	0.43
" Finally, valacyclovir at this high dosage was extremely well tolerated."	( In utero treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infection with valacyclovir in a multicenter, open-label, phase II study. Aegerter, P; Benoist, G; Bussières, L; Couderc, S; Ghout, I; Guilleminot, T; Jacquemard, F; Leruez-Ville, M; Magny, JF; Picone, O; Salomon, LJ; Stirnemann, J; Ville, Y; Winer, N, 2016)	0.43
" Dose-response relationships were quantified by Generalized Additive Models (GAMs)."	( Short-term health effects in the general population following a major train accident with acrylonitrile in Belgium. Bader, M; De Cremer, K; De Paepe, P; De Smedt, T; Fierens, S; Göen, T; Mertens, B; Nemery, B; Schettgen, T; Simons, K; Stove, C; Van Loco, J; Van Nieuwenhuyse, A; Van Overmeire, I; Van Oyen, H; Vleminckx, C, 2016)	0.43
" A dose-response relation was observed between the CEV concentrations and the reporting of short-term health effects in the non-smokers."	( Short-term health effects in the general population following a major train accident with acrylonitrile in Belgium. Bader, M; De Cremer, K; De Paepe, P; De Smedt, T; Fierens, S; Göen, T; Mertens, B; Nemery, B; Schettgen, T; Simons, K; Stove, C; Van Loco, J; Van Nieuwenhuyse, A; Van Overmeire, I; Van Oyen, H; Vleminckx, C, 2016)	0.43
" The success of these dosing recommendations was evaluated by analyzing pharmacokinetic data from liver transplant recipients in the CORAL-I study."	( Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving 3 Direct-Acting Antivirals as Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Parikh, A, 2016)	0.43
"A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using tacrolimus dosing and Ctrough data before and during 3D treatment (n = 29)."	( Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving 3 Direct-Acting Antivirals as Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Parikh, A, 2016)	0.43
"Observed data for tacrolimus and CSA in liver transplant recipients confirm that the recommended dosing strategies are valid and therapeutic levels of immunosuppression can be maintained during 3D treatment."	( Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving 3 Direct-Acting Antivirals as Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection. Awni, WM; Badri, PS; Coakley, EP; Ding, B; Dutta, S; Menon, RM; Parikh, A, 2016)	0.43
"Overall, 24 subjects, six in each of four renal function groups (normal, mild, moderate, and severe), received a single dose of the 3D and 2D regimens in separate dosing periods."	( Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Treatment with Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, with or Without Dasabuvir, in Subjects with Renal Impairment. Awni, WM; Dutta, S; Khatri, A; Marbury, TC; Menon, RM; Preston, RA; Rodrigues, L; Wang, H, 2017)	0.46
" RAMs were identified in GT1 patients at baseline or after dosing with EDP-239 that were similar to those detected in vitro Baseline RAMs identified at NS5A position 93 in GT1, or positions 28 or 30 in GT1a only, correlated with a reduced treatment response."	( Preclinical and Clinical Resistance Profile of EDP-239, a Novel Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor. Brasher, BB; Jiang, L; Jones, CT; Lin, K; McAllister, N; Or, YS; Owens, CM; Polemeropoulos, A; Rhodin, MH; Wong, KA, 2016)	0.43
" This article presents an overview of the drug interaction studies conducted during the clinical development of DCV, the findings of these studies that led to the guidance on concomitant medication use and dosage along with any required DCV dose modifications, and the use of the known metabolic pathway of DCV to guide concomitant dosing where direct drug-drug studies have not been conducted."	( A Review of Daclatasvir Drug-Drug Interactions. Bertz, R; Bifano, M; Eley, T; Garimella, T; Huang, SP; Kandoussi, H; Wang, R; You, X, 2016)	0.43
" When combined with the CYP3A4 substrate daclatasvir, the daclatasvir dosage should be reduced from 60 to 30 mg once daily."	( Daclatasvir 30 mg/day is the correct dose for patients taking atazanavir/cobicistat. Burger, DM; Colbers, EP; de Kanter, CT; Drenth, JP; Smolders, EJ; Velthoven-Graafland, K, 2017)	0.46
" Thus, this method provides a simple, sensitive, precise, and reproducible assay for dosing daclatasvir that can be readily adaptable to routine use by clinical laboratories with standard equipment."	( Development and validation of a simple and robust HPLC method with UV detection for quantification of the hepatitis C virus inhibitor daclatasvir in human plasma. Basso, M; Celegato, M; Loregian, A; Messa, L; Nannetti, G; Pagni, S; Palù, G; Parisi, SG, 2017)	0.46
" We performed a pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation study by integrating the existing understanding of physiology with previously published data to evaluate the vitreal penetration of oral valacyclovir for the treatment of ARN, under various dosing scenarios."	( Valacyclovir as Initial Treatment for Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study. Fung, M; Ivaturi, V; Jain, A; Liu, T; Vinnard, C, 2017)	0.46
"We compared different oral valacyclovir dosing regimens with intravenous acyclovir."	( Valacyclovir as Initial Treatment for Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study. Fung, M; Ivaturi, V; Jain, A; Liu, T; Vinnard, C, 2017)	0.46
"Modeling and simulation data support oral valacyclovir for the treatment of ARN, although the required dosing exceeds the recommended FDA dose size for herpes zoster."	( Valacyclovir as Initial Treatment for Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study. Fung, M; Ivaturi, V; Jain, A; Liu, T; Vinnard, C, 2017)	0.46
" In the phase II/III clinical studies, ALT and bilirubin increases were reversible with continued dosing or after treatment cessation."	( Exposure-Safety Response Relationship for Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection: Analysis of Data from Five Phase II and Six Phase III Studies. Awni, W; DaSilva-Tillmann, B; Dutta, S; Lin, CW; Liu, W; Menon, R; Podsadecki, T; Shulman, N, 2017)	0.46
" Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 25 mg ombitasvir, 150 mg paritaprevir, and 100 mg ritonavir once daily, with weight-based ribavirin dosed twice daily for either 12 weeks or 16 weeks."	( Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir plus ribavirin in adults with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection and cirrhosis (AGATE-I): a multicentre, phase 3, randomised open-label trial. Asselah, T; ElKhashab, M; Feld, JJ; Ferenci, P; Hassanein, T; Hézode, C; Mobashery, N; Moreno, C; Papatheodoridis, G; Pilot-Matias, T; Qaqish, RB; Redman, R; Yu, Y; Zeuzem, S, 2016)	0.43
" We assessed the efficacy and safety of the two direct-acting antiviral drugs ombitasvir, an NS5A inhibitor, and paritaprevir, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor dosed with ritonavir, plus ribavirin in treatment of chronic HCV infection in Egypt."	( Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection in Egyptian patients with or without compensated cirrhosis (AGATE-II): a multicentre, phase 3, partly randomised open-label trial. Allam, N; Asselah, T; Doss, W; Esmat, G; Hall, C; Hassany, M; Mobashery, N; Mohey, MA; Qaqish, RB; Redman, R; Shiha, G; Soliman, R; Waked, I; Yosry, A; Zayed, N, 2016)	0.43
" Similar values were found at all 3 time points, thus indicating that there is probably no need to adapt MPA dosage to 3D."	( Managing Drug-Drug Interaction Between Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Bellissant, E; Ben Ali, Z; Boglione-Kerrien, C; Guyader, D; Jezequel, C; Lemaitre, F; Tron, C; Verdier, MC, 2017)	0.46
" The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of VBZ following single and repeat once-daily (QD) dosing were evaluated in 2 randomized, single-center, double-blind studies in healthy male subjects."	( Single Dose and Repeat Once-Daily Dose Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Valbenazine in Healthy Male Subjects. Bozigian, H; Jimenez, R; Loewen, G; Luo, R; O'Brien, CF, 2017)	0.46
"Our data shows that successful treatment of CHC patients with and without prior RG-101 dosing results in reduction of broad immune activation, and normalisation of miR-122 levels (EudraCT: 2014-002808-25)."	( Immune responses in DAA treated chronic hepatitis C patients with and without prior RG-101 dosing. Barnes, E; Brown, A; de Vree, JML; Klenerman, P; Kootstra, NA; Reesink, HW; Sinnige, MJ; Stelma, F; Swadling, L; van der Ree, MH; van der Valk, M; van Nuenen, AC; Willemse, SB, 2017)	0.46
" Time-dependence of clearance had no effect beyond the first dosing cycle."	( Platform model describing pharmacokinetic properties of vc-MMAE antibody-drug conjugates. Agarwal, P; Chen, SC; Fine, BM; Gibiansky, L; Girish, S; Jin, JY; Kågedal, M; Koppada, N; Li, C; Lu, D; Saad, O; Samineni, D; Wang, B; Wang, X; Xu, J, 2017)	0.46
" However, valbenazine appears to have fewer side effects and a more favorable once-daily dosing regimen for the treatment of TD."	( Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with tetrabenazine or valbenazine: a systematic review. Aggarwal, S; Caroff, SN; Yonan, C, 2018)	0.48
" CONCLUSIONS Once-daily dosing of valbenazine (80 mg) was effective and safe over a long period, even in this atypical case of severe and rapid-onset TD."	( Successful Treatment of Severe Tardive Dyskinesia with Valbenazine, Including a Patient's Perspective. Dietterich, TE; Filmyer, DM; Gillean, J; Josiassen, RC; Shah, SS; Shaughnessy, RA, 2017)	0.46
" RBV was dosed by physician discretion between 200 mg weekly and 200 mg daily."	( High Efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir in hepatitis C genotypes 4 and 1-infected patients with severe chronic kidney disease. Afghani, AA; Alghamdi, AS; Alghamdi, MN; AlMousa, A; Alswat, K; AlZanbagi, A; Aseeri, M; Assiri, AM; Babatin, MA; Sanai, FM, 2018)	0.48
" We describe the clinical management of ribavirin dosing in hepatitis C virus-infected patients receiving ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with ribavirin."	( Ribavirin dose management in HCV patients receiving ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. Bernstein, DE; Feld, JJ; Ferenci, P; Larsen, L; Tatsch, F; Vlierberghe, HV; Younes, Z, 2018)	0.48
" Compared with tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine and valbenazine have pharmacokinetic advantages that translate into less frequent dosing and better tolerability."	( Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia: A General Overview with Focus on the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Inhibitors. Jankovic, J; Niemann, N, 2018)	0.48
"5%) patients (calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, diuretics, tacrolimus); four patients required further adjustment of antihypertensive drugs or tacrolimus dosage on-treatment."	( Paritaprevir/Ritonavir/Ombitasvir Plus Dasabuvir Regimen in the Treatment of Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in Patients with Severe Renal Impairment and End-Stage Renal Disease: a Real-Life Cohort. Chmelova, K; Frankova, S; Kreidlova, M; Merta, D; Senkerikova, R; Sperl, J, 2018)	0.48
"DAA in adult dosage are safe and effective for treatment of chronic hepatitis C (genotype 3) in pediatric β-thalassemic major population."	( Efficacy and Safety of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C in Thalassemic Children. Garg, K; Gupta, GK; Maharshi, S; Nijhawan, S; Padhi, S, 2018)	0.48
"A stability-indicating ultraperformance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of degradation products and process-related impurities of daclatasvir in a pharmaceutical dosage form."	( A Stability-Indicating UPLC Method for the Determination of Potential Impurities and Its Mass by a New QDa Mass Detector in Daclatasvir Drug Used to Treat Hepatitis C Infection. Jagadabi, V; Mahesh, K; Nagaraju, D; Nagendra Kumar, PV; Pamidi, S; Ramaprasad, LA, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and dosing vary significantly between the three drugs, and likely underlie the more favorable side effect profile of the newer agents (deutetrabenazine and valbenazine)."	( VMAT2 Inhibitors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Jimenez-Shahed, J; Tarakad, A, 2018)	0.48
"Two sensitive and accurate methods have been developed for the estimation of daclatasvir (DAC) in its raw material, dosage form and in biological fluids."	( Two validated spectrofluorimeteric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with fluorescence detection for the analysis of a new anti-hepatitis C drug, daclatasvir hydrochloride, in raw material or tablet form and in biological fluids. Aboshabana, R; Eid, M; El-Enany, N; Shalan, S, 2018)	0.48
"A fast, simple and sensitive micellar enhanced spectrofluorimetric method is performed for the determination of Daclatasvir dihydrochloride (DAC) in its pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked human plasma."	( Stability-indicating micellar enhanced spectro-fluorometric determination of Daclatasvir in its tablet and spiked human plasma. Abou El-Alamin, MM; Azab, MM; Sultan, MA; Wark, AW, 2019)	0.51
" Finally, rats were dosed intraperitoneally with EO, 50 mg/kg."	( N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-L-valyl-L-leucine in rat urine as a hydrolytic cleavage product of ethylene oxide adduct with globin. Dabrowská, L; Dušková, Š; Hanzlíková, I; Hejl, K; Linhart, I; Mráz, J, 2019)	0.51
" The advantages of valbenazine include once-daily dosing and a rapid onset of effect within 2 weeks of treatment initiation."	( Valbenazine in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Comella, C; Witek, N, 2019)	0.51
" Treatment was a combination of sofosbuvir 400 mg/day + daclatasvir 60 mg/day, with or without a weight-adjusted dosing of ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks."	( Effectiveness and safety of daclatasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in genotype 3 hepatitis C virus infected patients. Results in real clinical practice. Castro-Iglesias, A; Cid-Silva, P; Delgado-Blanco, M; Margusino-Framiñán, L; Martín-Herranz, I; Mena-de-Cea, A; Pernas-Souto, B; Pertega-Díaz, S; Rodríguez-Osorio, I, 2019)	0.51
" Because prior studies suggest that the COMT allele may influence dose-response relationships with opioid treatment, knowing COMT genotype could influence management."	( Catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism Val158Met is associated with distal neuropathic pain in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Atkinson, JH; Bush, WS; Ellis, RJ; Franklin, D; Keltner, J; Letendre, S; Umlauf, A; Xu, J, 2019)	0.51
" This model can be used to inform clinical strategies such as adaptations to dosing regimen and/or treatment duration as well as inform clinical eligibility to reduce the incidence of grade ≥ 2 PN."	( Time-to-Event Modeling of Peripheral Neuropathy: Platform Analysis of Eight Valine-Citrulline-Monomethylauristatin E Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Fine, BM; Gillespie, WR; Girish, S; Jin, JY; Kågedal, M; Li, C; Lu, D; Samineni, D, 2019)	0.51
" Patients from 46 centers were dosed for 12 or 24 weeks with or without ribavirin, in line with existing guidelines."	( SD1000: High Sustained Viral Response Rate in 1361 Patients With Hepatitis C Genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 Using a Low-cost, Fixed-dose Combination Tablet of Generic Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir: A Multicenter, Phase III Clinical Trial. Merat, S, 2020)	0.56
" Dosing was initiated at 40 mg/d, with escalation to 80 mg/d at week 4 based on efficacy and tolerability."	( A Phase 3, 1-Year, Open-Label Trial of Valbenazine in Adults With Tardive Dyskinesia. Burke, J; Comella, CL; Jimenez, R; Liang, GS; Lindenmayer, JP; Marder, SR; OʼBrien, CF; Singer, C; Tanner, CM; Verghese, C, )	0.13
" Here, we hypothesized that dosage of dietary valine during late pregnancy will affect protein synthesis of colostrum in gilts."	( Valine supplementation during late pregnancy in gilts increases colostral protein synthesis through stimulating mTOR signaling pathway in mammary cells. Che, L; Gao, K; Jiang, Z; Wang, L; Wen, X; Xiao, H; Xu, M; Yang, X, 2019)	0.51
"4%) received DCV at a dosage of 60 mg, 52 (16."	( Safety and efficacy of daclatasvir at doses other than 60 mg daily in HIV/HCV co-infected subjects: Data from the ICONA/HepaICONA foundation cohorts. Bonora, S; Cingolani, A; d'Arminio Monforte, A; Lo Caputo, S; Marinaro, L; Mussini, C; Puoti, M; Rossotti, R; Saracino, A; Soria, A; Tavelli, A; Uberti-Foppa, C, 2020)	0.56
"DCV use resulted in high SVR rate regardless of dosage and correctness of prescription."	( Safety and efficacy of daclatasvir at doses other than 60 mg daily in HIV/HCV co-infected subjects: Data from the ICONA/HepaICONA foundation cohorts. Bonora, S; Cingolani, A; d'Arminio Monforte, A; Lo Caputo, S; Marinaro, L; Mussini, C; Puoti, M; Rossotti, R; Saracino, A; Soria, A; Tavelli, A; Uberti-Foppa, C, 2020)	0.56
" At week 4, dosing was escalated to 80 mg/day based on tolerability and clinical assessment of TD; reduction to 40 mg/day was allowed for tolerability."	( A long-term, open-label study of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia. Burke, J; Jimenez, R; Liang, GS; Lindenmayer, JP; Marder, SR; O'Brien, CF; Siegert, S; Verghese, C, 2021)	0.62
" We developed a long-acting DAA system (LA-DAAS) capable of prolonged dosing and explored its cost-effectiveness."	( Development of a long-acting direct-acting antiviral system for hepatitis C virus treatment in swine. Chu, JN; Collins, J; Eweje, F; Faiz, MT; Gwynne, D; Hayward, A; Hess, K; Hua, T; Ishida, K; Katz, S; Koeppen, R; Langer, R; Lopes, A; McManus, R; Miller, JB; Salama, JAF; Slocum, AH; Soares, V; Steiger, C; Sulkowski, MS; Tamang, SM; Thomas, DL; Traverso, G; Verma, M, 2020)	0.56
" Only the highest doses of aducanumab and BAN2401 show modest efficacy, and higher dosing is limited by increased risk of vasogenic edema, especially in APOE4 carriers."	( Aducanumab, gantenerumab, BAN2401, and ALZ-801-the first wave of amyloid-targeting drugs for Alzheimer's disease with potential for near term approval. Abushakra, S; Hey, JA; Porsteinsson, A; Sabbagh, M; Tolar, M, 2020)	0.56
" In the 194 subjects treated with sofosbuvir/ribavirin, median initial ribavirin dosage was 13."	( Sofosbuvir-based therapies in genotype 2 hepatitis C virus cirrhosis: A real-life experience with focus on ribavirin dose. Bellan, M; Crobu, MG; D'Avolio, A; Gualerzi, A; Pirisi, M; Smirne, C, 2021)	0.62
" This valor is even more important in the case of the combined dosage form (Darvoni® tablets) to the pharmaceutical market."	( HPLC-UV and TLC-Densitometry Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir: Application to Darvoni® Tablet. Eissa, MS; Fayed, AS; Hegazy, MA; Kamel, EB, 2022)	0.72
" Therefore, a simple, rapid, precise and accurate isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for quantification of daclatasvir dihydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form."	( RP-HPLC method development and validation for quantification of daclatasvir dihydrochloride and its application to pharmaceutical dosage form. Ali, A; Anwer, S; Hussain Shah, SS; Kashif, M; Nasiri, MI; S Naqvi, SB; Sarwar, H, 2021)	0.62
" For this purpose, simple, sensitive, rapid, and smart spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of these drugs in their combined dosage form."	( Three Smart and Original Spectrophotometric Data Processing Ratio Techniques for Resolving the Partial Overlapped Spectra of the Binary Antiviral Mixture Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir: Application to Combined Dosage Form Darvoni® Tablets. Eissa, MS; Fayed, AS; Hegazy, MA; Kamel, EB, 2022)	0.72
"Development of smart, sensitive, low-cost spectrophotometric methods for the determination of DCV and SFV in their combined dosage form."	( Three Smart and Original Spectrophotometric Data Processing Ratio Techniques for Resolving the Partial Overlapped Spectra of the Binary Antiviral Mixture Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir: Application to Combined Dosage Form Darvoni® Tablets. Eissa, MS; Fayed, AS; Hegazy, MA; Kamel, EB, 2022)	0.72
" They were tested on their tablet dosage form, and a good recovery was obtained."	( Three Smart and Original Spectrophotometric Data Processing Ratio Techniques for Resolving the Partial Overlapped Spectra of the Binary Antiviral Mixture Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir: Application to Combined Dosage Form Darvoni® Tablets. Eissa, MS; Fayed, AS; Hegazy, MA; Kamel, EB, 2022)	0.72
" This benefit is even more important in the case of the combined dosage form (Darvoni® tablets) for the pharmaceutical market."	( Three Smart and Original Spectrophotometric Data Processing Ratio Techniques for Resolving the Partial Overlapped Spectra of the Binary Antiviral Mixture Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir: Application to Combined Dosage Form Darvoni® Tablets. Eissa, MS; Fayed, AS; Hegazy, MA; Kamel, EB, 2022)	0.72
"The clinical guidelines suggest that the dosing of cyclosporine (CsA), during combination therapy with paritaprevir/ritonavir-ombitasvir and dasabuvir (PrOD), would be only one-fifth of the pre-PrOD total daily dose to be administered once daily."	( Drug-Drug Interactions With Cyclosporine in the Anti-Hepatitis C Viral PrOD Combination Regimen of Paritaprevir/Ritonavir-Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir in Organ Transplant Recipients With Severe Hepatic Fibrosis or Cirrhosis. Chang, YL; Chou, YC; Hsu, CC; Huang, YH; Huang, YY; Loong, CC; Wu, TH, 2022)	0.72
" The authors proposed reducing the CsA dosage during PrOD treatment to one-seventh of that of the pre-PrOD treatment of the total daily dose to maintain target CsA levels."	( Drug-Drug Interactions With Cyclosporine in the Anti-Hepatitis C Viral PrOD Combination Regimen of Paritaprevir/Ritonavir-Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir in Organ Transplant Recipients With Severe Hepatic Fibrosis or Cirrhosis. Chang, YL; Chou, YC; Hsu, CC; Huang, YH; Huang, YY; Loong, CC; Wu, TH, 2022)	0.72
" Therefore, clinical and computational studies have proposed optimizing antihypertensive medications' dosing time (Ta)."	( Understanding the dosing-time-dependent antihypertensive effect of valsartan and aspirin through mathematical modeling. Cortés-Ríos, J; Rodriguez-Fernandez, M, 2023)	0.91

Product Category	Products
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	215
Weight Management	18
Professional Supplements	10
Beauty & Personal Care	22
Vitamins & Supplements	22
Food & Beverages	1
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	1
Pet Supplies	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY Gold Premium Isolate-Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Gold AllWhey Premium Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Banana -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 5 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 0.9 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 0.9 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Pure Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin A, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Almased Dietary Supplement for Weight Management -- 17.6 oz	Almased	Weight Management	Vitamin C, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD Paleo Protein Mocha Latte -- 29.31 oz	Amy Myers MD	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
AnabolNaturals Amino Balance -- 3.53 oz	AnabolNaturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan, L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Serine, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Chocolate Fudge -- 4 lbs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 28.8 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 4 lbs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Juiced Aminos Grape -- 30 Servings	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Betaine Anhydrous, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, Calcium Carbonate, L-Phenylalanine, Sodium Bicarbonate, L-Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Non-Hormonal M-Stak Accelerator Pill Packs -- 21 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Acetyl L-Carnitine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Phytosterols, L-Taurine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 Servings	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ARO-Vitacost Black Series B-Chained - BCAA - L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine -- 200 Capsules	ARO-Vitacost	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Amplifying Serum -- 1 mL	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Amplifying Serum -- 3 mL	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Volumizing Brow Filler Auburn -- 0.12 oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Volumizing Brow Filler Clear -- 0.12 oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Conditioner -- 13.5 fl oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	alanine, amaranth, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Shampoo -- 13.5 fl oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, glyceryl oleate, PCA, alanine, amaranth, arginine, aspartic acid, biotin, caffeine, cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Enhancing Conditioner -- 1 mL	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Enhancing Conditioner -- 3 mL	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 0.03 fl oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 2 mL	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 4 mL	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Baebody Eye Gel -- 1.7 fl oz	Baebody	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfone, vitamin E, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Baebody Eye Gel Travel Size -- 0.5 fl oz	Baebody	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfone, vitamin E, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Pea Protein Unflavored -- 27 Servings	Balanced Greens	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Glutamine Select Black Cherry -- 552 g	Beverly International	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Glutamine Select™ Wild Berry -- 60 Servings	Beverly International	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Chocolate -- 27.3 oz	Biochem Sports	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 12.2 oz	Biochem Sports	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 24.4 oz	Biochem Sports	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Chocolate -- 30.9 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Protein Powder Sugar-Free Vanilla -- 11.8 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Capsules -- 180 Capsules	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 10.58 oz	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 15.87 oz	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BlackLabel Supplements PreHustle Blue Razz -- 30 Servings	BlackLabel Supplements	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BlackLabel Supplements PreHustle Tigers Blood -- 30 Servings	BlackLabel Supplements	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BlackLabel Supplements PreHustle - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 30 Servings	BlackLabel Supplements	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, Caffeine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Original -- 2.2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides + Hyaluronic Acid Powder Supplement Vitamin C & Probiotic Unflavored -- 10.58 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Berry Crush -- 10 Packets	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Berry Crush -- 11 oz	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Blue Raspberry -- 10 Packets	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Cherry Lime -- 10 Packets	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Cherry Lime -- 11 oz	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Rainbow Swirl -- 10 Packets	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cwench Hydration Electrolyte Mix - NSF Certified for Sport Rainbow Swirl -- 11 oz	Cwench Hydration	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Sodium Citrate, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cymbiotika Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 30 oz	Cymbiotika	Weight Management	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cellulase, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Alpha GPC, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Amino 21™ -- 90 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Taurine, Tyrosine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Derma E Hydrating Serum -- 2 fl oz	Derma E	Beauty & Personal Care	ascorbyl palmitate, alanine, allantoin, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, provitamin B5, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, dimethicone, leucine, phenoxyethanol, tyrosine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics French Vanilla -- 4 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics Gourmet Chocolate -- 4 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Amino Complex - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Fruit Punch -- 30 Servings	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Alpha-Ketoglutarate, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Amino Complex - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 30 Servings	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Alpha-Ketoglutarate, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Organic Green Spirulina Powder -- 3.5 oz	Dr. Botanical Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chlorophyll, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Proline, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize ISO100 Hydrolyzed 100% Whey Protein Isolate Pebbles Birthday Cake -- 5 lbs	Dymatize	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Glutamine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy Fruit Punch -- 10.16 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy Rocket Pop -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Grape Splash -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Orange Mango -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy® Blue Raz -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy® Watermelon -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Lean Energy Cherry Limeade -- 10.9 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Acetyl L-Carnitine, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Lean Energy Furious Grape -- 10.9 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Acetyl L-Carnitine, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA5000 Cherry Limeade -- 8.78 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA5000 Unflavored -- 10.58 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA5000™ Blue Raz -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA5000™ -- 240 Capsules	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition EAA2000 -- 90 Veggie Capsules	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition EAA7000 Watermelon Spash -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode BCAA - 30 Servings Blue Raz -- 8.5 oz	Fitcode	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode BCAA - 30 Servings Cherry Limeade -- 8.78 oz	Fitcode	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Energized Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 30 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Matcha Collagen Plus Cordyceps Mushroom -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified Sport Chocolate -- 32.17 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Banana -- 30 Servings	Genceutic Naturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Chocolate -- 30 Servings	Genceutic Naturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Strawberry -- 30 Servings	Genceutic Naturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Vanilla -- 30 Servings	Genceutic Naturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition BCAAs - NSF Certified for Sport Berry Lemonade -- 30 Servings	Gnarly Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Caffeine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Strawberry Lemonade	Gnarly Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, Citrulline Malate, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Dream Protein Plant-Based Chocolate Dream -- 27.54 oz	Greens First	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Pro Dream Protein Plant-Based Vanilla -- 24.81 oz	Greens First	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Collagen Peptide + Probiotic Powder Unflavored -- 7.4 oz	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Cleanse Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 oz	HiBar	Beauty & Personal Care	alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Hydrate Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 oz	HiBar	Beauty & Personal Care	alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, panthenol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Renew Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 oz	HiBar	Beauty & Personal Care	alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, undecylenic acid, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Men Economy Size -- 120 Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi™ For Men -- 90 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 80 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Unflavored -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Unflavored -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, rebaudioside A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 80 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged BCAA 2:1:1 - Informed Sport Certified Unflavored -- 72 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Orange Crush -- 20 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Berry Blast -- 20 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Krisp Apple -- 20 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, quercetin, stevia, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Cherry Bomb -- 20 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, Malic acid, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Pre-Kaged Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Informed Sport Certified Fruit Punch -- 20 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Vitamin B6, tartaric acid, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 oz	KAL	Food & Beverages	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kardashian Rejuvicare Liquid Collagen Formula Grape -- 16 fl oz	Kardashian	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, citric acid, fructose, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxylysine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Serine, sodium benzoate, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean BCAA + Peak ATP - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 9.1 oz	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, L-Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Essential Aminos + HMB - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 9.7 oz	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Isolate - NSF Certified for Sport -- 15.73 oz	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	L-Alanine, L-Cystine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 2 lbs	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah!™ Max Fiber Original -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Chocolate Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Vanilla Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Goddess Glow Beauty Collagen™ -- 10 oz	MenoLabs	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Vital Aminos - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified - 30 Servings Tropical Punch -- 12.17 oz	Momentous	Professional Supplements	citric acid, Alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, beta-carotene, citric acid, L-Cystine, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM BCAA+G Reload™ Watermelon -- 11.6 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Sugar, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey Protein Chocolate -- 2 billion - 5 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey™ Protein Rich Vanilla -- 5 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Gainer Rich Vanilla -- 3.3 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, tocopherols, trehalose, tricalcium phosphate, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Whey Protein Rich Vanilla -- 2.03 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Nutrition Veggie Protein with Superfoods Vanilla -- 20.1 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Smooth Veggie Elite Performance Protein Vanilla Bean -- 36 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Meal Replacement Vanilla Bean -- 3 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, trehalose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.1 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Whey Protein Chocolate -- 32.3 oz - (2.02 lbs)	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Cell-Tech Creatine Formula Fruit Punch -- 3 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-Alanine, amaranth, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Taurine, Alpha lipoic acid, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Chocolate -- 2 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Chocolate -- 5 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Vanilla -- 2 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Vanilla -- 5 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Nitro Tech™ Performance Series Milk Chocolate -- 4 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Nitro-Tech™ Performance Series Vanilla -- 4 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-alanine, L-glutamine, Glycine, L-isoleucine, Sugar, Taurine, L-valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Platinum EAA - 30 servings Fruit Punch -- 13.86 oz	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Potassium bicarbonate, rebaudioside D, Sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Platinum EAA - 30 servings Grape -- 13.65 oz	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Potassium bicarbonate, rebaudioside D, Sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Total Body Collagen Bioactive Peptides Unflavored -- 17 oz	Natural Factors	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycerine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Natural Factors	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Natural Factors	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Hemp Protein Powder - Fiber Plus -- 16 oz	Nutiva	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio BCAA 5000 Natural Powder Raw Unflavored -- 60 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio BCAA 5000 Natural Powder Strawberry Lemonade -- 60 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Intra Blast Blueberry Lemonade -- 24.1 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Betaine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, sodium phosphate, Phosphorus, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Intra Blast New York Punch -- 25.8 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Betaine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, sodium phosphate, Phosphorus, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research EAA + Hydration - 30 Servings Apple Pear -- 13.8 oz	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, maltodextrin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research EAA + Hydration - 30 Servings Blood Orange -- 13.8 oz	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, maltodextrin, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research EAA + Hydration - 30 Servings Blueberry Lemonade -- 13.8 oz	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, sodium bicarbonate, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research EAA + Hydration - 30 Servings Fruit Punch -- 13.8 oz	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, maltodextrin, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research EAA + Hydration - 30 Servings Maui Twist -- 13.8 oz	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, maltodextrin, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research EAA + Hydration - 30 Servings Strawberry Watermelon -- 13.8 oz	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Isoleucine, maltodextrin, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Raw Rice Protein Powder Chocolate -- 1.69 lbs	NutriBiotic	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Free Aminos -- 100 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	L-Alanine, cellulose, L-Cystine, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Beef Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, reb-A, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Chocolate -- 13 Servings	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Vanilla -- 17.4 oz	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Pea Protein Vanilla -- 26.7 oz	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Chocolate -- 19.57 oz	OM	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 23.8 oz	Onnit	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 21.9 oz	Onnit	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition BCAA 1000 Versatile Amino Acids Support -- 200 Capsules	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Isoleucine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein Powder For Muscle Support and Recovery Double Rich Chocolate -- 149 Servings	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 150 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 240 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 90 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, glycerine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Dark Chocolate -- 1.2 lbs	OWYN	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Smooth Vanilla -- 1.1 lbs	OWYN	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacifica Vegan Ceramide Barrier Face Cream -- 1.7 fl oz	Pacifica	Beauty & Personal Care	PCA, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, glyceryl caprylate, niacinamide, oat, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, phytosphingosine, proline, serine, stearyl alcohol, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Paradise Herbs ORAC-Energy Protein & Greens Original Unflavored -- 16 oz	Paradise Herbs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Quercetin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Meal Shake Creamy Vanilla Bean -- 32.1 oz	PlantFusion	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, erythritol, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, L-isoleucine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, reb A, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Red Velvet -- 2 lbs	PlantFusion	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Vanilla Bean -- 1 lb	PlantFusion	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plantworks Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 23.8 oz	Plantworks	Weight Management	Vitamin C, l-lsoleucine, Vitamin A, l-valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plantworks Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 23.8 oz	Plantworks	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, L-isoleucine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, L-valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunaroma Coconut Oil Curl-Defining Leave-In Conditioner -- 12 oz	Sunaroma	Beauty & Personal Care	PCA, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Chocolate -- 20 Servings	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Vanilla -- 20 Servings	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Chocolate -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 30 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Natural -- 30 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 15 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 30 Servings	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Chocolate -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Unflavored -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Sport Organic Active Protein Cake Batter -- 2.2 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Maple French Toast -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Chocolate -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Unflavored -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Vanilla -- 1.65 lb	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant Based Organic Protein Berry -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Chocolate -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Natural -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbs	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 oz	Sunwarrior	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine BCAA 2:1:1 + Electrolytes Lemon Lime -- 50 Servings	Swolverine	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, potassium citrate, Vitamin B6, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine INTRA Tropical Blast -- 30 Servings	Swolverine	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Amino Complex - NSF Certified for Sport - Berry -- 30 Servings	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, leaf, L-Cystine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tree to Tub Anti-Aging Peptide & Niacinamide Serum For Face -- 1 fl oz	Tree to Tub	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, PCA, alanine, chamomile, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, carnitine, citric acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, vitamin B3, niacinamide, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruSkin Peptide Facial Serum -- 1 fl oz	TruSkin	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruSkin Serum Eye Gel -- 0.5 fl oz	TruSkin	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, vitamin E, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 10.6 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 2.1 oz	Twin Peaks Ingredients	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 16 fl oz	Twinlab	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 32 fl oz	Twinlab	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Type Zero Clean Amino Burn Pina Colada -- 30 Servings	Type Zero	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, Erythritol, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, magnesium citrate, malic acid, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, Sugar, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Type Zero Clean Amino Burn Watermelon Rush -- 30 Servings	Type Zero	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, Erythritol, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, magnesium citrate, malic acid, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, Sugar, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 12 Packets	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder- NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Mocha -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Berry -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 12 Packets	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Mocha -- 19 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Berry -- 45 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 14 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 14 Servings	Vega	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Maximum Vibrance Chocolate -- 28.2 oz	Vibrant Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Policosanol, Larch Arabinogalactan, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin B9, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Silicon, Vitamin B1, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Gummies Grape -- 120 Gummies	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Strawberry Lemonade -- 20 Servings	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Unflavored -- 20 Servings	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Strawberry Lemonade -- 11.4 oz	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Unflavored -- 8.6 oz	Vitauthority	Weight Management	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 60 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Peach Mango -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Pink Lemonade -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Strawberry -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Tropica Punch -- 30 Servings	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Unflavored -- 20 Packets	Vitauthority	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports Aminogex Ultra Gummy Bear -- 30 Servings	VMI Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Betaine Anhydrous, Chloride, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xtend The Original BCAA Blue Raspberry Ice -- 7 g - 30 Servings	Xtend	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Citric acid, Citrulline Malate, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xtend The Original BCAA Watermelon Explosion -- 7 g - 30 Servings	Xtend	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, citric acid, Citrulline Malate, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen -- 6000 mg - 290 Tablets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen Liquid Natural Berry -- 5000 mg - 12 Packets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Itch Soother Conditioner with Oatmeal & Aloe Vera for Dogs Vanilla -- 16 fl oz	Zesty Paws	Pet Supplies	citric acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, panthenol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, oat, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, sodium lactate, L-valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Collagen Peptides Unflavored -- 18 oz	Zhou	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Muscle BCAA Tropical Punch -- 30 Servings	Zhou	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, Citrulline Malate, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, Malic Acid, maltodextrin, stevia, Vitamin A, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Beef Gelatin Powder Grass-Fed -- 16 oz	Zint	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Norvaline, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 32 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
nutraceutical	A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
micronutrient	Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
algal metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite	Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.
valine	A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.
L-alpha-amino acid	Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
pyruvate family amino acid	An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.
proteinogenic amino acid	Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation	28	52
Propanoate Metabolism	18	37
beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency	28	52
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
Propionic Acidemia	28	52
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency	28	52
Maple Syrup Urine Disease	28	52
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency Type I	28	52
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I	28	52
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type III	28	52
Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
Methylmalonic Aciduria	28	52
Isovaleric Aciduria	28	52
Malonic Aciduria	18	37
Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders	18	37
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV	28	52
Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency	18	37
3-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
3-Hydroxyisobutyric Aciduria	28	52
Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	28	52
Isovaleric Acidemia	28	52
L-Alanine Metabolism	10	16
tRNA Charging	52	27
tRNA Charging 2	22	25
Valine Biosynthesis	9	12
Secondary Metabolites: Valine and L-Leucine Biosynthesis from Pyruvate	10	24
Valine Degradation	7	10
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	29	52
Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation ( Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation )	29	36
2-Oxo-glutaric acid + L-Valine = L-Glutamic acid + 3-Methyl-2-oxo-butanoic acid ( Valine,Leucine and Isoleucine degradation )	2	4
Glucosinolate biosynthesis from branched-chain amino acid	0	12
Protein Synthesis: Valine	80	4
mRNA, protein, and metabolite inducation pathway by cyclosporin A	2	13
tRNA charging pathway	0	23
valine degradation I	0	18
superpathway of alanine biosynthesis	0	8
alanine biosynthesis I	0	7
Valine biosynthesis	0	10
AtMetExpress overview	0	109
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation	0	34
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Amino acid metabolism	0	94
Acrylamide biotransformation and exposure biomarkers	0	4
Glucose homeostasis	0	21

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Arginase 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	3,600.0000	3,600.0000	3,600.0000	3,600.0000	AID977610
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type II interferon production	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagy	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral amino acid transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
isoleucine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-leucine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
methionine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phenylalanine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proline transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tyrosine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
valine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
alanine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxia	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
liver regeneration	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-histidine transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to L-arginine	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-leucine import across plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-tryptophan transmembrane transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of L-leucine import across plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transport	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lysosomal membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport complex	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	2004	Biochemistry, Jul-20, Volume: 43, Issue:28	Inhibitor coordination interactions in the binuclear manganese cluster of arginase.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2004	Biochemistry, Jul-20, Volume: 43, Issue:28	Inhibitor coordination interactions in the binuclear manganese cluster of arginase.
AID722302	Binding affinity to PE/PG lipid vesicles assessed as increase in helical structure at 36 uM by circular dichroism analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722292	Binding affinity to LPS assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced LAL enzyme activation at 9 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722309	Induction of dissipation of diffusion potential in PE/PG lipid vesicles by fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID1398359	Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis r	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID266246	Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID51033	Concentration required for obtaining 50% of the fluorescence intensity of copper-free calcein 1, in bovine serum albumin	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-19, Volume: 13, Issue:10	A green fluorescent chemosensor for amino acids provides a versatile high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for proteases.
AID722306	Binding affinity to PC/Chol lipid vesicles assessed as induction of large blue shift at 1 uM by fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722325	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID1092309	Herbicidal activity against Vicia faba assessed as 1 mM of L-[3H]theronine uptake in leaf at 1 mM after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting analysis relative to untreated control	1997	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-29, Volume: 1336, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some pesticides with an alpha-amino acid function.
AID722326	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis NRRL B-4268 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722318	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 48 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722293	Binding affinity to LPS assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced LAL enzyme activation at 4.5 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID695510	Vasodilatory activity in Wistar rat RASMC cells assessed as increase in cGMP levels at 100 uM after 5 mins by enzyme immunoassay relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Thioglycine and L-thiovaline: biologically active H₂S-donors.
AID26797	Partition coefficient (logP)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10	Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID722305	Binding affinity to PC/Chol lipid vesicles assessed as decrease in acrylamide-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching at 1 uM	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722296	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL6 secretion at 1.5 to 4.5 uM after 12 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID447578	Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts assessed as residual activity at 500 uM by fluorimetric assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Molecular modifications on carboxylic acid derivatives as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors: Activity and docking studies.
AID722319	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 72 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722314	Drug uptake in Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 assessed as membrane localization at 3 uM after 30 mins by confocal microscopic analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722304	Binding affinity to PE/PG lipid vesicles assessed as decrease in decrease in acrylamide-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching at 1 uM	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID681113	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-tryptophan uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	The Journal of biological chemistry, May-18, Volume: 276, Issue:20	Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
AID266248	Ratio of %GSmax to EC50 for human PEPT1 activation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID1398360	Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake at 200 uM preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID722331	Drug uptake in human RBC assessed as membrane localization at 9 uM after 10 to 30 mins by confocal microscopic analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722310	Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 assessed as induction of membrane depolarization at up to 7 uM by DiSC3(5) staining-based fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722317	Antifungal activity against Sporothrix schenckii after 72 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722297	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as downregulation of LPS-induced iNOS2 expression at 4.5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722294	Binding affinity to FITC-tagged LPS assessed as induction of disintegration up to 40 uM by circular dichroism analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722307	Binding affinity to PE/PG lipid vesicles assessed as induction of large blue shift at 1 uM by fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID1881860	Inhibition of PKM2 (unknown origin)	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-27, Volume: 65, Issue:2	A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2.
AID266249	Binding affinity to human PEPT1 assessed as inhibition of [14C]Gly-Sar uptake in MDCK cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID722308	Induction of dissipation of diffusion potential in PC/Chol lipid vesicles by fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722315	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus after 72 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID224503	Effect on rate of GTP hydrolysis in the GTP binding protein ras p21	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-05, Volume: 8, Issue:9	Prediction of the GTPase activities by using the semiempirical molecular orbital theory.
AID722038	Binding affinity to LPS assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced LAL enzyme activation at 18 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID266247	Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells relative to Gly-Sar	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID1398361	Trans-stimulation of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as induction of [3H]-gabapentin efflux at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting analysis relative to L-phenylalanine	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID722316	Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes after 96 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722299	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 6 uM by Griess method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722321	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722329	Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as hemolysis at 60 uM	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722327	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID233318	Bitter threshold value	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10	Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID1092308	Herbicidal activity against Vicia faba assessed as 1 mM of L-[3H]theronine uptake in leaf at 5 mM after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting analysis relative to untreated control	1997	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-29, Volume: 1336, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some pesticides with an alpha-amino acid function.
AID722322	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-427 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722320	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722324	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722295	Binding affinity to LPS assessed as increase in helical structure at 36 uM by circular dichroism analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID1092307	Herbicidal activity against Vicia faba assessed as 1 mM of L-[3H]theronine uptake in leaf at 10 mM after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting analysis relative to untreated control	1997	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-29, Volume: 1336, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of some pesticides with an alpha-amino acid function.
AID722330	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha secretion at 1.5 to 4.5 uM after 12 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722298	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as downregulation of LPS-induced TNFalpha expression at 4.5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722313	Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as induction of membrane damage at 25 uM after 5 mins by annexin V-FITC staining-based FACS flow cytometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722328	Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells assessed as cell viability up to 25 uM by MTT assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722323	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by broth dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722312	Bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 assessed as induction of membrane damage at 5 uM after 30 mins by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722311	Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as induction of membrane depolarization at up to 16 uM by DiSC3(5) staining-based fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5056 (33.96)	18.7374
1990's	1627 (10.93)	18.2507
2000's	3870 (25.99)	29.6817
2010's	3769 (25.31)	24.3611
2020's	567 (3.81)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1,176 (7.60%)	5.53%
Reviews	763 (4.93%)	6.00%
Case Studies	803 (5.19%)	4.05%
Observational	92 (0.59%)	0.25%
Other	12,631 (81.67%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	8.2	6	0	hydroxy fatty acid
chloroacetaldehyde [no description available]	1.97	1	0	organochlorine compound
2-oxo-3-methylvalerate alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).	5.47	21	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	human metabolite
alpha-ketoisovalerate alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.	8	49	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.	4.24	18	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; short-chain fatty acid
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	3.23	6	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	8.92	42	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
alpha-ketoadipic acid 2-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.96	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-chloroalanine 3-chloroalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-chloroalanine : A chloroalanine obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a chloro group.	2.67	3	0	chloroalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid : A 4-carbon, branched hydroxy fatty acid and intermediate in the metabolism of valine.	9.35	6	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	2.67	3	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	2.37	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
3-phenylpropionic acid 3-phenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-phenylpropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group.	1.99	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid	antifungal agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids	1.97	1	0
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	16.16	97	2	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	7.93	4	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid 5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.	2.87	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	human metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.66	3	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.03	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.5	8	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	3.46	8	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	3.22	6	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	9.17	17	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	8.61	76	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	10.09	88	2	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2.37	2	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.36	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	5.79	17	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.1	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	7.67	3	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.08	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.69	3	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	7.52	17	2	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.04	5	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	2.72	2	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	10.48	21	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	8.08	4	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.9	4	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	25.66	983	209	amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).	3.76	11	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	4.65	28	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.91	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	4.67	11	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	6.28	19	2	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	4.13	16	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	6.17	32	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.4	2	0	tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	3.73	10	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	5.99	44	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	3.74	11	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.41	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.58	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-methylcatechol 3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol: structure in first source. dihydroxytoluene : Any hydroxytoluene that has two hydroxy substituents. 3-methylcatechol : A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.	2.11	1	0	methylcatechol	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.37	2	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.37	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.52	2	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	5.93	9	1	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.46	2	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.4	2	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.	4.64	28	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.	2.02	1	0	omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	5.97	21	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	7.52	9	5	alpha-amino acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.41	2	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.	2.06	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.91	4	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
creatine [no description available]	5.55	17	1	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	10.59	51	1	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.38	2	0	dipeptide
alanine [no description available]	2.92	4	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion	fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	13.94	38	4	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	3.08	5	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha,beta-dihydroxyisovaleric acid alpha,beta-dihydroxyisovaleric acid: RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-isomer: 26097-26-7; RN for (R)-isomer: 19451-56-0. 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3.	7.38	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	4.25	19	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	8.69	10	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	1.98	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	1.93	1	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.	2.38	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
glycine [no description available]	15.51	1,016	2	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.65	3	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	12.76	37	2	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
glycolaldehyde [no description available]	2.02	1	0	glycolaldehydes	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	2.74	3	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.	2.02	1	0	guanidinoacetic acids; zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.93	1	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	3.45	2	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	5.29	13	1	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	4.44	7	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	5.09	44	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	3.3	6	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	2.52	2	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.75	3	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	4.02	15	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.08	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	3.35	7	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	3.66	10	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	5.91	2	2	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	3.06	5	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.	2.6	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.75	3	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	4.26	19	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	3.07	5	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	3.83	12	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	9.04	4	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
naphthalene [no description available]	2.04	1	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	3.94	13	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	6.49	14	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.86	4	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	6.23	13	3	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.41	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	6.56	14	4	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	6.96	1	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	4.08	16	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	2.44	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.38	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.1	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	8.48	8	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.15	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	3.22	6	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	6.93	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.4	2	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	2.86	4	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	3.38	6	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.	2.67	3	0	phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound	algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.08	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	2.41	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	2.38	2	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.48	2	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.74	11	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	3.1	5	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	1.96	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	1.94	1	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	4.68	11	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.38	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazinoic acid pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.	2.03	1	0	pyrazinecarboxylic acid	antitubercular agent; drug metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	1.94	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	2.86	4	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	5.09	45	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	2.67	3	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.	2.01	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	5.45	21	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 5-phosphate pyridoxine 5-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	6.22	44	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	3.99	14	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.86	4	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	1.95	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	5.95	21	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.65	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	5.01	13	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	5.61	25	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	9.29	18	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	16.43	52	3	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	5.31	18	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	9.99	40	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	3.33	7	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	4.04	2	1	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	3.06	1	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	20.36	266	53	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	9.38	20	4	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	11.35	167	4	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.39	2	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	2	1	0	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	11.15	935	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.74	3	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	4.78	31	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid 2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid: effective antagonist at all three types of excitatory amino acid receptors; does not depress responses to acetylcholine or substance P	4.31	20	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	4.06	15	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	2.11	1	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source	2.91	4	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	3.84	12	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	2.46	2	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.01	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.49	2	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.94	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.94	4	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-didecanoylglycerol 1,2-didecanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.03	1	0	1,2-diglyceride; decanoate ester
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.75	3	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is cyclohexanecarboxylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino acid
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	4.06	15	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.46	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.35	2	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.02	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid: structure. 2,4-DB : A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. A selective post-emergence herbicide.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	1.99	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	organochlorine compound
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	4.19	18	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
phaclofen phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion; zwitterion
tramiprosate tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.	6.56	3	3	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; GABA agonist; nootropic agent
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.	2.64	3	0	aminopropionitrile	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine: decarboxylase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0	phenols
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.94	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
pleconaril WIN 63843: structure given in first source	4.97	4	0
4-aminobenzamidine 4-aminobenzamidine: a urokinase inhibitor; inhibits acrosin; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	9.03	14	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2.03	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
chlorocresol chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.	1.99	1	0	hydroxytoluene; monochlorobenzenes	antimicrobial agent; disinfectant; ryanodine receptor agonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.7	3	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	1.99	1	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	2.7	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site	2.4	2	0	quinolines
win 53338 WIN 53338: structure given in first source. 5-{5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl}-3-methylisoxazole : An isoxazole compound having a methyl substituent at the 3-position and a 5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl substituent at the 5-position.	2.38	2	0	isoxazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiviral agent
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	4.1	16	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.	3.25	6	0	organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.02	1	0
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	2.45	2	0	oxopurine
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.37	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.44	2	0	monoazo compound
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	6.77	10	2	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	3.25	6	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetyl-dl-leucine acetylleucine: used for treating vestibular-related imbalance and vertigo	1.98	1	0	leucine derivative; N-acetyl-amino acid
n-acetylphenylalanine N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.	2.38	2	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative	antidepressant; metabolite
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	1.94	1	0
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.39	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.13	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure	2	1	0
alpha-methylserotonin alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.42	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	3.45	7	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	5.82	9	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.4	2	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	4.65	3	2	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	3.67	10	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	7.57	5	2	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	4.29	4	1	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	20.19	210	124	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.37	2	0	barbiturates
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.31	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.01	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	5.63	25	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	3.14	5	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.02	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	7.4	13	3	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	12.39	25	16	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist	2.02	1	0	alpha-amino acid
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	2.35	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.73	3	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
baclofen [no description available]	3.88	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.71	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.4	2	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamidine benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; carboxamidine	serine protease inhibitor
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.39	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.71	3	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
berberine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.45	2	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	7.5	8	4	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
buformin Buformin: An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.. buformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide substituted by a butyl group at position 1. It is an antidiabetic drug with potential antitumor effect.	2.01	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; radiosensitizing agent
bumetanide [no description available]	2.96	4	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunitrolol bunitrolol: was heading 1975-94 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-90); KO 1366 was see BUNITROLOL 1975-94; use PROPANOLAMINES to search BUNITROLOL 1975-94; a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with weak antiarrhythmic activity and minor ability to decrease the heart rate	7	1	0	aromatic ether
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	1.97	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.58	2	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	3.48	8	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.51	8	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	4.66	5	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	9.43	16	4	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	16.06	103	22	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.29	6	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.67	3	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	6.31	11	1	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.36	2	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.78	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.73	3	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	8.21	6	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.65	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.21	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.34	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	5.69	5	4	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cilostazol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	4.64	3	2	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.5	2	0
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.8	3	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.97	4	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	4.45	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	4.08	3	1	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.9	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors	2.02	1	0
cyclocreatine cyclocreatine: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	3.58	9	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.	2.94	4	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
2-amino-6-phosphonohexanoic acid 2-amino-6-phosphonohexanoic acid: RN given refers to DL-isomer	2.37	2	0
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	3.13	5	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	2.9	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.02	1	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	1.96	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.03	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.37	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.1	5	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.39	7	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.88	4	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.45	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.17	1	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	7.39	2	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.41	2	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.46	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.34	2	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.04	1	0	organic cation
dipivefrin dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.	1.99	1	0	ethanolamines; pivalate ester	adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.46	2	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.67	29	0
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	2.66	3	0
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	5.26	4	1	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
dup 697 DuP 697: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	thiophenes
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.01	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.02	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.38	7	0
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	1.96	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.1	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.07	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
brl 42810 [no description available]	16.7	135	7	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	6.61	5	4	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.78	2	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.91	4	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	7.42	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	6.3	6	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	12.68	14	3	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.3	6	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.11	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	4.71	2	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	1.96	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	8.63	25	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	5.06	5	2	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	13.81	13	2	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gaboxadol gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure	2.11	1	0	oxazole
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	1.95	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.41	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	1.95	1	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	3.82	2	1	methoxybenzenes
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	4.43	22	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
gyki 52466 GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.43	2	0	benzodiazepine
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	3.31	6	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.51	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	8.38	7	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	3.07	5	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	1.99	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	3.23	6	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	5.95	9	1	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	19.76	168	99	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.88	2	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	7.87	4	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	3.81	2	1	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	7.75	19	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
idebenone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	3.75	10	0	piperidines
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.4	2	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	4.35	4	1	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.06	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	5.22	6	2	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.	2.41	1	0	gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	1.98	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	15.09	70	16	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.69	3	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.42	2	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoguvacine isoguvacine: A GABA agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	tetrahydropyridine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.34	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.76	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	4.2	17	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.41	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.46	2	0
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	4.11	16	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.95	4	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.55	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.03	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	5.11	45	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phenyllactic acid 3-phenyllactic acid: alpha-hydroxy analog of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-phenyllactic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	1.98	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	2.67	3	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
mimosine Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.	1.98	1	0	alpha-amino acid
2-phenylglycine 2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.	1.96	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor	2.69	3	0
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	1.97	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	3.91	2	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
qx-314 QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion	3.3	6	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	local anaesthetic
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	17.77	167	31	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxoprofen loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.	2.1	1	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	2.06	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
malformins malformins: metabolic product of Aspergillus niger induces curvatures on bean plants & corn roots; malformin is a family of cyclic peptides; RN given refers to malformin A without isomeric designation	1.95	1	0	cyclic peptide
manidipine [no description available]	3.16	1	0	diarylmethane
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	3.53	8	0	primary aliphatic amine
memantine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.41	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
merbromin Merbromin: A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic.. merbromin : An organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.31	1	0
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	6.43	8	2	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	5.82	4	2	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	1.95	1	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	1.95	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
nocodazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	6.34	5	3	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	8.02	14	2	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.45	2	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
minaprine minaprine: Agr 1240 refers to di-HCl; short-acting type A MAO inhibitor (MAOI) of mild potency; structure	1.97	1	0	morpholines; pyridazines; secondary amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; cholinergic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.45	2	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	3.81	2	1	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.43	1	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.02	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	5.42	19	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	5.36	19	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n-methylephedrine N-methylephedrine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.72	3	0	amphetamines
n-methylvaline N-methylvaline : An N-methylamino acid that is the N-methyl derivative of valine.	3.57	8	0	N-methyl-amino acid; valine derivative
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	1.97	1	0	purine nucleoside
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.66	3	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	5.98	5	2	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	1.96	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	8.38	23	6	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	3.39	7	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.72	3	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	3.58	2	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	4.96	4	2	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.45	2	0	carbazoles
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	3.26	6	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	1.97	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	2.01	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.54	2	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.01	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	2.36	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
p-fluorophenylalanine p-Fluorophenylalanine: 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.. 4-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	2.36	2	0	fluoroamino acid; monofluorobenzenes; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	1.97	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.43	7	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	2.34	2	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	3.63	3	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.66	10	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.66	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	1.95	1	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	1.95	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.35	2	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	4.17	5	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	3.11	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.29	6	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	3.21	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	3.12	5	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	4.9	37	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2.34	2	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	1.96	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor	2.71	3	0	aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine	beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.49	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
pramoxine pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.	3.12	1	0	aromatic ether; morpholines	local anaesthetic
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	chromones
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.93	4	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	1.94	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.85	2	1	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	4.78	2	1	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.43	1	1	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.45	2	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	7.52	2	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	5.1	13	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	3.28	2	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	2.4	2	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.44	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-aminopropanol 2-aminopropanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-aminopropan-1-ol : An amino alcohol that is alanine in which the carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding alcohol.	2.05	1	0	amino alcohol; primary alcohol; primary amino compound
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.78	3	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.67	3	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	1.96	1	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.07	1	0	pyridines
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	3.42	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	1.95	1	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	3.16	5	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.13	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
temozolomide [no description available]	5.87	2	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.07	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.03	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	4.83	10	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.	1.98	1	0	phosphoramide
3-hydroxyaspartic acid 3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.08	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.65	3	0	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.07	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2	1	0	aziridines
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	4.18	3	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.01	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	3.2	6	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.25	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	1.94	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	4.39	2	2	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.35	1	0	amine
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	3.21	6	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amine
tyramine [no description available]	4.32	6	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	2.41	2	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.07	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.42	2	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.21	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.34	2	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	4.23	18	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	12.85	52	10	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.34	2	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	1.95	1	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.75	3	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.11	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.88	4	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	1.93	1	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	7.61	114	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	3.33	7	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	1.94	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	9.22	47	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	6.75	19	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	4.87	8	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	3.8	11	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	9.4	22	2	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2.07	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
aldosterone [no description available]	11.62	49	16	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	9.78	33	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
cysteine [no description available]	3.12	5	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	9.38	33	2	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.08	5	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.	1.94	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.6	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methoxyflurane angiotensin II amide: a diuretic peptide; from the central nervous system of the leech Erpobdella octoculata	2.34	2	0
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	2.44	2	0
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	4.84	11	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	4.03	2	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	8.01	4	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	2.43	2	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	3.63	9	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	6.24	11	1	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.	1.95	1	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	4.55	8	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	2.42	2	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	9.51	9	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	17.13	1,348	5	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	15.25	612	4	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	1.95	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	5.94	108	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	16.54	644	4	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	13.64	264	4	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	17.37	842	14	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	6.11	42	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.69	3	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	6.39	55	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	3.84	2	1	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.41	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.52	2	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	17.13	72	16	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	4.61	27	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.1	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
uridine [no description available]	7.44	162	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	15.8	63	14	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.35	2	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	9.81	17	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	5.13	47	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.08	4	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	3.24	6	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	4.78	7	1	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	4.84	35	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	2.03	1	0	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	7.34	2	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.95	4	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	16.51	583	10	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	3.34	7	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
phlorhizin [no description available]	3.46	8	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.07	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	6.47	35	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	3.77	2	1	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.07	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; toluenes
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	22.69	2,570	42	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	2.74	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	2.1	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	5.45	20	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.02	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	1.99	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	6.96	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.17	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	6.64	17	1	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	22.68	1,688	39	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.42	2	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	20.04	1,234	24	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-phenylurea [no description available]	2.6	1	0	ureas
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	3.49	8	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	4.36	21	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	8.76	11	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.17	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	5.88	101	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	4.43	21	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
3,5-dimethylpyrazole 3,5-dimethylpyrazole: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.46	8	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.41	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	3.47	8	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	3.68	10	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	1.94	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.41	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.93	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	3.22	6	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	3.65	10	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	4.37	6	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	8.82	109	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.36	2	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	9.01	182	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-thiomalic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	14.96	510	3	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	3.52	8	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	16.02	796	6	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	15.46	465	5	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	22.04	2,228	36	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	16.95	657	13	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.	1.95	1	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides	algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	1.97	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	8.6	9	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	2.73	3	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	1.96	1	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.66	3	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	1.95	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.75	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	6.99	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	7.73	3	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	8.01	28	1	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	8.4	7	0	epoxide
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
acetone cyanohydrin acetone cyanohydrin: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	6.96	1	0	cyanohydrin
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	3.52	8	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	1.99	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
pivalic acid pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.	2.01	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.14	17	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	7.88	4	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	3.27	6	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	4.17	17	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
divinyl sulfone divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.	3.54	2	0	sulfone	cross-linking reagent
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.9	4	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	3.55	9	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	2.05	1	0
3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.44	2	0	mercaptopropanoic acid	algal metabolite
triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.	1.95	1	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	7.73	3	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyronitrile isobutyronitrile : An aliphatic nitrile that is acetonitrile in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	7.36	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	9.98	11	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isobutyraldehyde isobutyraldehyde : A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.4	2	0	2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; propanals	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.	1.94	1	0	butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound	bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
3-buten-2-one buten-2-one : A methyl ketone that is butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3.	2.05	1	0	enone; methyl ketone
acrylamide [no description available]	3.72	10	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
isobutyric acid isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.	9	14	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; fatty acid 4:0; methyl-branched fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.4	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	5.76	17	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.05	1	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	1.96	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.01	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	8.55	15	2	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
vitamin k5 vitamin k5: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	1	0	naphthols
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.67	3	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	7.35	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	1.94	1	0	penicillanic acids
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	2.75	3	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.73	3	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-tert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	alkylbenzene
picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound	antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative
1-naphthylphenylamine N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine: RN given refers to 1-naphthylamine cpd; structure	2.44	2	0	naphthalenes
2,6-diisocyanatotoluene 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene 2,6-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 6 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	2.05	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	15.31	176	7	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	20.13	203	53	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2	1	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.49	2	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
phenylpiperazine phenylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.25	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	3.26	6	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	7.47	2	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.1	1	0	phenylpropanoid
synephrine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.06	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.4	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	7.1	1	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
2,4-diaminotoluene 2,4-diaminotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. 2,4-diaminotoluene : An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	aminotoluene	metabolite
styrene oxide styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	3.1	5	0	epoxide	human xenobiotic metabolite
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.39	2	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	2.06	1	0	phosphonic ester
2,4-di-tert-butylphenol 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol: structure given in first source. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.25	1	0	alkylbenzene; phenols	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.	2.41	1	0	ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol	metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.03	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer
furfuryl alcohol furfuryl alcohol: structure. furfuryl alcohol : A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.	7.61	2	0	furans; primary alcohol	Maillard reaction product
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.52	2	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	3.47	8	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.01	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.94	4	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.06	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-nitroaniline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	nitroaniline	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocinchomeronic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	1.96	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.	1.93	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	3.26	6	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	2.02	1	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.98	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.41	2	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
triphenyl phosphite [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate: used as a hardening agent incorporated in polyurethanes. diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate : A diisocyanate consisting of diphenylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.	2	1	0	diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	2	1	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	2.1	1	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	2.41	1	0	butyrate ester	plant metabolite
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	2.1	1	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound
allyl glycidyl ether [no description available]	2	1	0
1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.	3.89	12	0	butadiene	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
acrolein [no description available]	1.97	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	2.01	1	0	alkylamine
acrylonitrile [no description available]	3.9	12	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.04	1	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	2.89	4	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.49	2	0	alkane
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.02	1	0
3-chloropropionic acid 3-chloropropionic acid: structure	2.11	1	0
methyl malonate methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure	7.64	3	0
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	6.36	7	2	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
3-hydroxypyridine 3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant.	1.94	1	0	monohydroxypyridine
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.74	3	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.41	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.03	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	9.01	43	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	10.85	28	3	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isobutyl acetate isobutyl acetate : The acetate ester of isobutanol.	2.6	1	0	acetate ester	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	2.05	1	0	fatty acid ester
s-trioxane s-trioxane: a 6-membered ring composed of 3 carbons and 3 oxygens. 1,3,5-trioxane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is cyclohexane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3 and 5 are replaced by oxygen atoms.	1.99	1	0	saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; trioxane
morpholine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	3.24	6	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
octadecyltrichlorosilane [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	1.94	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.01	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
propylene propylene: structure	7.69	3	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
acetol hydroxyacetone : A propanone that is acetone in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	methyl ketone; primary alcohol; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; propanones	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-methylbutanoic acid 2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.	2.67	3	0	methylbutyric acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.82	12	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
benzoin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
tetralin tetralin: structure given in first source. tetralin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene.	2.06	1	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon; tetralins
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.49	2	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.45	2	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.05	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	1.95	1	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.95	4	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.02	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	3.76	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.71	3	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	2.91	4	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.02	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	2.4	2	0	D-aldohexose derivative
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.39	2	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.43	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.89	4	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
aziridine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	azacycloalkane; aziridines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	alkylating agent
D-tryptophan [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	bacterial metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.25	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	4.2	18	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	7.37	2	0	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	1.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
benzo(c)fluorene benzo(c)fluorene: structure in first source	1.97	1	0	carbotetracyclic compound
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	5.02	9	1	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	3.73	11	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	7.96	51	0	indazole
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	6.95	4	2	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	5.82	6	1	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	10.48	16	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	11.45	56	3	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	9.36	25	2	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	13.79	110	13	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	7.38	2	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	4.97	12	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.95	1	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	1.97	1	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.47	2	0	organic cation
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	3.11	5	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	3.03	1	0	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methoxytyrosine 3-O-methyldopa : A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.	2	1	0	aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monomethoxybenzene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	2.44	2	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	4.44	23	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.48	2	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	3.09	1	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
paraoxon [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	2.42	2	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.53	2	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.64	3	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.66	3	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
nornitrogen mustard nornitrogen mustard: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	nitrogen mustard
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	2.37	2	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
5-fluorotryptophan 5-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 5-fluorotryptophan : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 5 on the indole ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	2.4	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound; tryptophan derivative
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.06	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.06	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.37	2	0	ergoline alkaloid
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	2	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	7.76	51	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.49	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.41	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol : An organofluorine compound that is benzyl alcohol substituted by fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.	2.1	1	0	benzyl alcohols; organofluorine compound
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.94	1	0	alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfur-containing amino acid; thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antidote; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	16.71	136	7	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	6.32	12	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	3.17	5	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocystines	human metabolite
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.49	2	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.1	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	1.95	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	8.86	12	0
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.08	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	3.37	7	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	2.02	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	3.75	3	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	7.87	92	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	6.22	55	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
fructose-1,6-diphosphate beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.41	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate	mouse metabolite
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	1.97	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0
3-butene-1,2-diol 3-butene-1,2-diol: major industrial chemical; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	2.42	2	0	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.76	3	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2.37	2	0	quinone imine	dye
isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.	3.1	5	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid	mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.9	4	0
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	5.35	13	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.7	3	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	4.21	18	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.54	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.41	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	3.55	2	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.44	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.25	1	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.38	2	0	organic molecular entity
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	2.65	3	0
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.41	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2	1	0	thiazoles
2-methylfuran 2-methylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.15	1	0	furans; volatile organic compound	flavouring agent; fuel; hepatotoxic agent; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	3.54	8	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS	7.02	1	0	benzenes
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.75	3	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
tricaprylin tricaprylin: 13C-labeled trioctanoin used in breath tests to detect fat malabsorption. trioctanoin : A triglyceride obtained by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by octanoic acid. Used as an alternative energy source to glucose for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.	2.03	1	0	octanoate ester; triglyceride	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	2.66	3	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
butyramide butanamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of butanoic acid and ammonia.	2.07	1	0	butanamides; primary fatty amide
ethyl chloroformate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.06	14	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
aceturic acid aceturic acid: structure. N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.68	3	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; N-acylglycine	human metabolite
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.67	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.71	3	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
linamarin [no description available]	2.36	2	0	beta-D-glucoside
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	2.66	3	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
glycyl-glycyl-glycine glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.	2.39	2	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide
glycylglycine [no description available]	7.92	4	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
glycidol glycidol: structure given in first source	3.59	8	0	epoxide; primary alcohol
diepoxybutane diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	3.49	8	0	epoxide	mutagen
2-hydroxybutyric acid 2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.. 2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.97	4	0	bis(azo) compound
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	2.05	1	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.41	1	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
2-methoxybenzoic acid O-methylsalicylic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid	flavouring agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.35	2	0	thia fatty acid
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	2.05	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
3-methylhexane 3-methylhexane: a biliary biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. 3-methylhexane : An alkane that is hexane substituted by a methyl group at position 3.	2.21	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	human metabolite
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	1.94	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
methylisonitrile methylisonitrile: structure	1.97	1	0	isocyanide
2-hydroxyisobutyric acid 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of methyl tertiary-butyl ether.	3.5	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
2,2-dimethylmalonate dimethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which both methylene hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
1,1-dimethylurea [no description available]	1.98	1	0
2,3-pentanedione pentane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups.	7.41	2	0	alpha-diketone; methyl ketone	flavouring agent
phenylglyoxylic acid phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.03	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	7	17	1	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
isovanillin isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.	2.02	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
glycine ethyl ester glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
ethyl isocyanide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
methyl isocyanate methyl isocyanate: structure. methyl isocyanate : The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.	7.42	2	0	isocyanates	allergen; apoptosis inducer
ethylurea [no description available]	1.98	1	0
2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2.	2.44	2	0	hexanol; secondary alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	3.57	9	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
formal glycol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cyclic acetal; dioxolane
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	3.43	1	1	organic molecular entity
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	5.35	11	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	4.09	16	0
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.41	2	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	1.94	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
naphthyl acetate naphthyl acetate: do not confuse with naphthaleneacetic acid; acetic acid ester of naphthol	2.02	1	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	2.06	1	0	potassium salt	diuretic
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	1.99	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2	1	0
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	2.02	1	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
n-methylolacrylamide N-methylolacrylamide: bifunctional monomer possessing both vinyl & hydroxymethyl groups; used in adhesives, binders, surface coatings & resins; toxicity equals that of acrylamide	2.01	1	0	secondary carboxamide
3,4-epoxy-1-butene 3,4-epoxy-1-butene: RN given refers to monomer	2.7	3	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	4.79	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isodesmosine Isodesmosine: 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.. isodesmosine : A pyridinium ion obtained by formal condensation of four molecules of lysine.	1.95	1	0	lysine derivative; pyridinium ion	biomarker
methylphosphonic acid methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	1.95	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	3.46	1	1	organooxygen compound
allylglycine Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.	2.45	2	0
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	6.94	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	2.88	4	0	phenylacetaldehydes
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.06	1	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.9	4	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.07	1	0	zinc molecular entity
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.1	1	0
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.02	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sorbitan monostearate sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH	2.08	1	0
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.01	4	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.46	2	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	5.71	6	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.41	1	0
pseudouridine [no description available]	8.74	3	0	pseudouridines	fundamental metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components.	2.1	1	0	ether	fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent
dodecyldimethylamine oxide dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.	2.01	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	detergent; plant metabolite
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	1.99	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.37	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: 0	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	7.42	2	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.7	3	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.01	13	0	tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
5-hydroxyindole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydroxyindoles	human metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.51	6	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	3.33	7	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.43	2	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
buthiazide buthiazide: 3-isobutyl analog of hydrochlorothiazide; structure	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazine
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	1.94	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.04	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.41	2	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fast green fcf Fast Green FCF: structure. Fast green FCF : An organic sodium salt having 2-{(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)[4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]iminio}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl}-5-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a substitute for Light green SF yellowish in Masson's trichrome as it is less likely to fade, and is more brilliant in colour. Also used as a food colouring agent.	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; food colouring; histological dye
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	3.42	7	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	3.57	9	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.	1.97	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	disinfectant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sensitiser; xenobiotic
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	3.5	8	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate: acrylate derivative found in ultraviolet curing inks; structure in 1st source	2.03	1	0	carbonyl compound
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	3.46	7	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	4.1	16	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	5.17	19	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	1.97	1	0
streptomycin [no description available]	4.88	37	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	3.22	6	0	carbon oxoanion
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.06	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	2.08	1	0
metanephrine Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.	3.41	1	1	catecholamine
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	6.09	40	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
1-hydroxypyrene 1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	pyrenes
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	3.32	7	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	5.15	8	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	8.67	212	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.4	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
tert-nitrosobutane [no description available]	1.99	1	0
hepes [no description available]	2	1	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	1.98	1	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	7.75	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	4.64	28	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	4.29	20	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.68	3	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.1	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	3.24	6	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	7.02	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	7.49	2	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.1	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	2.03	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.66	3	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	1.95	1	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	1.95	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.73	3	0	titanium group element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	4	14	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	3.76	3	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	2.91	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.96	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.63	8	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.66	3	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	1.95	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	2.72	3	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	7.45	2	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.42	2	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.02	1	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	5.88	13	2	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	2.65	3	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	1.93	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.39	2	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	3.2	6	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
perchloric acid [no description available]	7.52	2	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2.11	1	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	4.55	5	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	3.13	5	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.04	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	2.02	1	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	3.19	6	0	diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.49	2	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.41	2	0	inorganic sodium salt
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	1.98	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	1.98	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.36	2	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	1.94	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	1.94	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	8.08	74	1	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	5.66	26	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	3.67	10	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	2	1	0	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	3.14	5	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	5.54	23	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.35	2	0
trichlorosilane [no description available]	2.05	1	0
phosphoryl chloride phosphoryl chloride: structure	2.02	1	0	phosphorus coordination entity
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	3.09	1	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	3.41	7	0	cadmium coordination entity
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.06	5	0
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	5	41	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	3.81	12	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
4-aminobutanol 4-aminobutanol: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.47	2	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.45	2	0
clobutinol clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79)	2.02	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	4.51	5	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.74	3	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)	2.07	1	0
2,3-dihydroxypyridine 2,3-dihydroxypyridine: affects thyroid function. pyridine-2,3-diol : A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxypyridine
fluorides [no description available]	4.43	23	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.	2.01	1	0
iodine [no description available]	2.85	4	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	3.2	6	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
metribuzin metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.	2.02	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	2.7	3	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	8.59	127	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
n-phenylethanolamine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	aralkylamine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	4.53	5	1	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
methylformamide N-methylformamide : A member of the class of formamides having a N-methyl substituent.	2.02	1	0	formamides
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.17	5	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
pyrrolidine [no description available]	2.71	3	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
carbamide peroxide Carbamide Peroxide: A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.. urea hydrogen peroxide : A mixture obtained by combining equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.	2.05	1	0	mixture	disinfectant; oxidising agent; reagent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.63	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	2.01	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.42	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.52	2	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.44	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
dihydro-beta-erythroidine Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.	3.63	9	0	delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	nicotinic antagonist
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.11	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	4.55	8	0
tridemorph tridemorph: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tridemorph : A mixture of 4-alkyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholines, where 'alkyl' is a mixture of C11 to C14 homologues of which 60-70% is tridecyl. A systemic fungicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.. 2,6-dimethyl-4-tridecylmorpholine : A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified.	1.98	1	0	morpholines; tertiary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical
alkenes [no description available]	3.49	8	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.25	1	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	15.84	425	5	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	2.06	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloromethylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).	1.97	1	0	1,2-thiazoles; organochlorine compound	antimicrobial agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pivampicillin Pivampicillin: Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN.. pivampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.	2.05	1	0	penicillanic acid ester; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	prodrug
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	2.69	3	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.41	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	4.15	17	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2.41	2	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.31	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	2.05	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
enterobactin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.46	2	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate 1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate: used for tagging silica-based derivatization reagents in HPLC	2	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	4.15	2	1	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	9.25	30	4	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	1.98	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.02	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.58	8	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
bikaverin bikaverin : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 10H-benzo[b]xanthene-7,10,12-trione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 11, methoxy groups at positions 3 and 8 and a methyl group at position 1.	1.95	1	0
etoposide [no description available]	2.42	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	4.07	15	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
acetosulfame acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.	2.08	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; sulfamate ester	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.46	2	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.99	1	0	hexachlorobiphenyl
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	1.99	1	0	ethanolamines
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	22.46	381	103	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	3.05	1	0
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	4.98	3	1	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	4.37	4	1	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
oxyfluorofen oxyfluorofen: structure	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.44	2	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).	1.97	1	0	1,2-thiazoles	antifouling biocide; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	4.32	19	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	6.04	46	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	2.02	1	0
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	2.02	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	4.15	2	1	benzamides; carboxylic ester
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	2.37	2	0
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.92	4	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	14.45	69	25	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
mezlocillin Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.	2	1	0
chlorsulfuron chlorsulfuron: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. chlorsulfuron : An N-sulfonylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the non-sulfonylated nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. A herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley and oats.	2.13	1	0	methoxy-1,3,5-triazine; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	agrochemical; EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	3.82	2	1	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.81	11	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.08	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fluvalinate fluvalinate: RN given refers to 2-cyano isomer (DL)-isomer	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
haloxyfop haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridines
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.1	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
bucindolol bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative	3.11	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	4.02	14	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
sulfometuron methyl sulfometuron methyl: structure given in first source. sulfometuron methyl : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of 2-{[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid.	8.08	5	0	benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea; pyrimidines	EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.44	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	8	13	7	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	2.01	1	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	5.83	4	2	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	6.17	7	5	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	3.17	5	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil 5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV	5.81	6	0
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	3.62	3	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	4.34	4	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
fluorodopa f 18 fluorodopa F 18: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.02	1	0	(18)F radiopharmaceutical; 6-fluoro-L-dopa
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2.13	1	0	naphthoic acid
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	3.1	5	0
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	5.99	7	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
fadrozole Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.	2.07	1	0	imidazopyridine
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	4.34	3	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
remacemide remacemide: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	stilbenoid
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	4.18	3	1	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	9.75	21	1	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.02	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.46	2	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.49	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
dup 532 DuP 532: angiotensin I receptor antagonist	3.08	1	0
technetium tc 99m mertiatide Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide: A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.	3.39	1	1
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	3.68	2	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.75	6	1	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	8.6	28	3	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	32.59	1,749	598	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.41	1	0
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	4.31	3	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	5.45	5	3	organoiodine compound
simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.	2.06	1	0
kynostatin 272 kynostatin 272: structure given in first source; contains allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic	1.98	1	0	peptide
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	4.72	30	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
trifluoroacetyl chloride trifluoroacetyl chloride: anesthetics are believed to trigger hepatitis by covalently linking a trifluoroacetyl (TFA) chloride hapten to hepatic proteins, forming haptenated self-proteins	2.04	1	0	acyl chloride
4-pentenoic acid 4-pentenoic acid: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. pent-4-enoic acid : A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 4.	1.96	1	0	pentenoic acid
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.45	2	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
d-lactic acid (R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.	2	1	0	2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
nitrogen trioxide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	nitrogen oxide
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.73	3	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
edda EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.	2.6	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; ethylenediamine derivative; glycine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; chelator
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	2.17	1	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
diethyl tartrate diethyl tartrate: RN given refers to R-(R,R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 7/90	2.03	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid
cuprous chloride cuprous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. copper(I) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.	2.1	1	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	agrochemical; molluscicide
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.38	2	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	1.98	1	0
tenocyclidine tenocyclidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.	2.66	3	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
disparlure disparlure: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	epoxide
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.47	1	1	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	8.62	29	4	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.14	3	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.26	6	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
tromantadine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	secondary carboxamide
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	4.88	8	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
simvastatin acid simvastatin acid: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.51	2	0
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
3-aminoisobutyric acid 3-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-aminoisobutyric acid : A beta-amino-acid that is isobutyric acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by an amino group.	6.11	3	1	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	metabolite
xanthosine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	purines D-ribonucleoside; xanthosines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.72	3	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.43	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	5.76	4	2	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	7.21	1	0	lignan
abbott 77003 Abbott 77003: a symmetry-based inhibitor of HIV-1 protease	6.73	22	1
kni 102 KNI 102: structure given in first source	3.48	2	0	peptide
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	3.14	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	4.48	5	1	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
bms 186318 BMS 186318: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	4.55	4	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.	2.02	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate
2'-deoxyuridylic acid 2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.41	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	7.79	13	1	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-hydroxynorvaline 3-hydroxynorvaline: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 3-hydroxynorvaline : A non-proteinogenic amino-acid derivative that is norvaline (2-aminopentanoic acid) in which a hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.	7.38	144	0	2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	2.41	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	7.01	1	0
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.06	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	deoxyribonucleoside
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	4.19	18	0	iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	1.98	1	0
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.15	1	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
n-acetylserine acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine.. N-acetyl-L-serine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	1.97	1	0	acetyl-L-serine; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	2.9	4	0
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.03	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.6	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylpenicillamine N-acetylpenicillamine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-penicillamine : An N-acetyl-D-amino acid where the amino acid is D-penicillamine	1.93	1	0	N-acetyl-D-amino acid
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	5.4	20	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
lenampicillin lenampicillin: structure given in first source. lenampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.	2.05	1	0	ketene acetal; penicillanic acid ester	prodrug
lathosterol lathosterol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.01	1	0	3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid; Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ecabet ecabet: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	diterpenoid
telmesteine telmesteine: RN refers to (-R)-isomer	2.03	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
repaglinide [no description available]	2.46	2	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	16.86	97	28	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
methacycline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
n-acetylvaline N-acetylvaline: RN given refers to the (DL)-isomer	4.41	21	0	L-valine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	3.59	9	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	4.77	9	0	1,2,3-triazole
heptafluorobutyric anhydride heptafluorobutyric anhydride: structure. heptafluorobutyric anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride that is perfluorinated butyric anhydride. It is used as a derivatising reagent for gas chromatographic analyses.	1.99	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride; organofluorine compound	chromatographic reagent
5-hydroxyflavone [no description available]	2.41	1	0	flavones
phenylacetylglycine phenylacetylglycine : A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group.	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydracrylic acid 3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
n-acetyltyrosine N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.	2	1	0	N-acetyltyrosine; N-acyl-L-tyrosine	biomarker; EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	6.91	9	3	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.72	3	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.07	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
talinolol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ureas
delta sleep-inducing peptide Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal.	1.97	1	0
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.14	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
5-methylhydantoin 5-methylhydantoin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.	2.13	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
resorufin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	phenoxazine
phenylpropiolic acid phenylpropiolic acid: structure. phenylpropiolic acid : An acetylenic compound that is propynoic acid in which the acetylenic hydrogen is replaced by a phenyl group.	2.08	1	0	acetylenic compound; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzenes
glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ethyl tyrosine ester ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.	2.35	2	0	ethyl ester; L-tyrosyl ester
leucyltyrosine leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
tyrosyltyrosine tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen.. Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.	2.03	1	0	tyrosyltyrosine	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
tyrosine methyl ester tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.	2.39	2	0	L-tyrosyl ester; methyl ester
dansylglycine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
leucyl-glycyl-glycine leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	1.97	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
acetylleucine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	L-leucine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
vanillylamine vanillylamine: inhibits microsomal enzyme function; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	aralkylamino compound
D-serine [no description available]	2	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
D-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; D-alpha-amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
copper histidine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid; histidine; polar amino acid zwitterion	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-tyrosine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; tyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite
broxaterol broxaterol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	2.03	1	0
lazabemide lazabemide: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
pirodavir pirodavir: antipicornavirus agent; structure given in first source	2.5	2	0
binospirone mesylate binospirone mesylate: structure given in first source; a serotonin 1A receptor agonist; a putative 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0
D-valine D-valine : The D-enantiomer of valine.	2.17	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; valine
phenylalanine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.08	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
penicillin n penicillin N: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #6887	2.06	1	0	penicillin
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.02	1	0	benzofurans
aceclofenac [no description available]	2.08	1	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mdl 11939 alpha-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinemethanol: class III antiarrythmic agent; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	primary amine
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	2.72	3	0
zidovudine triphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.41	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
a 74704 A 74704: structure given in first source	5.46	12	0
a 75925 A 75925: has HIV antiviral & HIV type 1 protease inhibitory activity	1.97	1	0
a 76889 A 76889: backbone structure gvien in first source	1.99	1	0
uroporphyrin i uroporphyrin I: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
alkannin alkannin: a naphthazarin used to promote wound healing, from the plant Alkanna tinctoria; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure	2.41	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
indole-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
palinavir [no description available]	2.69	3	0	N-acyl-amino acid
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	2.05	1	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.73	3	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
glutamic acid diethyl ester glutamic acid diethyl ester: glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	4.04	15	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	4.03	2	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
2-naphthylamide naphthalene-2-carboxamide: structure in first source. naphthalene-2-carboxamide : A naphthalenecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-naphthoic acid with ammonia.	1.98	1	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.	3.78	3	0	alanine derivative; alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	human urinary metabolite
isoleucine methyl ester [no description available]	2.04	1	0
leucylleucine Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylleucine phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	plant metabolite
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer [no description available]	2.39	2	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	6.13	9	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
valinol valinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.96	13	0	amino alcohol
alpha-acetolactate alpha-acetolactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.27	19	0
leucyl-alanine Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
tryptophan ethyl ester tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.35	2	0
2-bromopalmitate 2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.	2.03	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; bromo fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid 2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
leucyl-leucyl-leucine leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.	1.97	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
1,5-cod 1,5-cyclooctadiene: used in production of Nylon	3.13	1	0
biocytin biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.	4.06	14	0	azabicycloalkane; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thiabicycloalkane; ureas	mouse metabolite
d-aspartic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid	mouse metabolite
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	5.22	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
phenylalanylphenylalanylamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol: RN given refers to (3beta,4beta)-isomer	2.17	1	0
tyrosylleucine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
coenzyme a [no description available]	5.98	36	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylalanine N-acetylalanine: immunodominant determinant of acidic surface antigen from culture filtrate of human strain of Staph aureus. N-acetyl-L-alanine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.	1.97	1	0	L-alanine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
o-methylserine O-methylserine: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. O-methylserine : A serine derivative that is L-serine with a methyl group replacing the hydrogen on the hydroxy side chain.	1.99	1	0	L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	metabolite
n-butyrylglycine butyrylglycine : A N-acylglycine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of butyric acid with the amino group of glycine.	1.96	1	0	N-acylglycine	human urinary metabolite
Trp-Trp tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings	2.1	1	0	glycoside
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	5.7	25	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
loganic acid loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively	2.1	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclopentapyran; glucoside	plant metabolite
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	12.08	32	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal: used to determine available arginine residues in proteins	1.97	1	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	3.3	6	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
gitoxin gitoxin: an isomer of digoxin; the OH group which is in the C16 position while it is in the C12 position for Digoxin. gitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is gitoxigenin in which the 3beta-hydroxy group has been glycosylated with tridigitoxose.	2.01	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
glycidamide glycidamide: metabolite of acrylamide; structure given in first source	3.52	8	0
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	7.81	23	2	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.	1.99	1	0	aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
hydroxyflutamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	2.13	1	0	oligopeptide
coronatine coronatine: consists of a coronafacic acid joined by an amide bond to coronamic acid by coronafacate ligase; phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4(1R,2R),6beta,7alpha))-isomer;	2.02	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
thiomethylgalactoside [no description available]	2.38	2	0
1-methylhistidine 1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.	2.17	1	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite
glycyltryptophan glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.	2.07	1	0	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent
lopinavir [no description available]	3.76	2	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one : A secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone that is benzene which is substituted by a 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl group at position 1.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
orotidine orotidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orotidine : A nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.	1.97	1	0	nucleoside; pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid; uridines	bacterial metabolite; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
propionyl-coenzyme a propionyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.77	3	0	acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid: alpha-hydroxy analog of leucine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid : A valeric acid derivative having a hydroxy substituent at the 2-position and a methyl substituent at the 4-position; an alpha-hydroxy analogue of leucine. A bacterial metabolite, it has also been isolated from amniotic fluid, was found in a patient with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency and is present in the urine of patients with short bowel syndrome.	2.37	2	0	2-hydroxy fatty acid; branched-chain fatty acid	metabolite
glycyltyrosine Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycylleucine Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
histidine methyl ester histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.	1.97	1	0	histidine derivative
alanyltyrosine alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-l-phenylalanine glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.	2.7	3	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite; metabolite
droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension	2	1	0	catechols; L-tyrosine derivative	antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	3.24	6	0
bromodeoxyuridylate bromodeoxyuridylate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	3.8	11	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
erythrose D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.	2.02	1	0	erythrose	plant metabolite
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0
n-acetyltryptophanamide [no description available]	1.94	1	0	acetamides; L-tryptophan derivative; primary carboxamide; secondary carboxamide
pyrroline pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.	1.93	1	0	pyrroline
1-(heptafluorobutyryl)imidazole [no description available]	2.06	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.39	2	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
isovaline isovaline: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer	6.36	50	0
6-fluorotryptophan 6-fluorotryptophan: an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.68	3	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid: from Streptomyces cinnamonensis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. phenazine-1-carboxylic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.	2.41	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; phenazines	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
4-methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 4-methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 4.	2.35	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	bacterial metabolite
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0
imidazoleacetic acid imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.	1.95	1	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-methylguanosine 1-methylguanosine : Guanosine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.	2.17	1	0	methylguanosine	metabolite
alanylphenylalanine alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer	2.39	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	oligopeptide
tryptophylglycine Trp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
n-acetyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane N-acetyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: major metabolite of DDM in urine; used for monitoring workers exposed to DDM	2	1	0
glycylaspartic acid glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
benzoylphenylalanine N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine : An N-acyl-L-phenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.	2.71	3	0	2-(benzoylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine
dipropylglycine [no description available]	3.5	8	0
quindoline quindoline: a fused indole-quinoline alkaloid from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta; structure	2.08	1	0
n-glycylglutamic acid N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosylisothiocyanate: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.17	1	0
s-2-aminoethyl cysteine S-2-aminoethyl cysteine: inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. L-thialysine : A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects.	1.96	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor; metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	2.07	1	0
2-hydroxyisovaleric acid 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid : A valine derivative that is valine in which the amino group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.91	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
gamma-glutamylglycine gamma-glutamylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; note that tau here is used by some publishers in place of gamma and so does not mean position 20 on the carbon skeleton	5.77	29	0
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;	1.96	1	0
2-(2-thenyl)sulfonyl-5-bromopyrimidine 2-(2-thenyl)sulfonyl-5-bromopyrimidine: induces cell cycle specific inhibition in metaphase; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
histidylglycine histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
histidinoalanine histidinoalanine: cross-linking amino acid in calcified tissue collagen; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.13	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
4-fluorotryptophan 4-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.69	3	0
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer	2.05	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
benzylamphetamine norbenzphetamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.01	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	9.26	19	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.72	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	3.65	9	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	1.95	1	0
mizoribine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	3.25	6	0
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	1.98	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.4	2	0	oligopeptide
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.34	2	0
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	2.7	3	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.02	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure	1.98	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
sr141716 [no description available]	3.23	5	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	3.58	3	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	4.5	7	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	3.83	11	0
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.01	1	0
cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345	2	1	0
norverapamil norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; secondary amino compound
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.03	1	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.42	2	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.43	2	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
beauvericin beauvericin: 18-membered cyclodepsipeptides. beauvericin : A trimeric cyclodepsipeptide composed from alternating methylphenylalanyl and hydroxyvaleryl residues.	2.4	2	0
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.58	2	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	6.46	14	1
dehydroretronecine dehydroretronecine: major pyrrole metabolite of monocrotaline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.53	2	0
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	2	1	0
pregnenolone sulfate pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer	2.04	1	0	steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite
epibatidine epibatidine: a powerful, though toxic, pain killer produced by the poison arrow frog, Epipedobates tricolor; structure given in first source; more potent than morphine but acts at nicotine rather than opiate receptors	1.99	1	0
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.	2.46	2	0	diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.01	1	0
valylvaline valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.	3.08	5	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer	3.11	5	0
fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.58	2	0	carbonyl compound
indenestrol [no description available]	1.99	1	0
eudragit-e Eudragit-E: a cationic polymer, used as a embolic material for arteriovenous malformations and as a taste masker	2.1	1	0
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist	2.03	1	0
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	2.06	1	0	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
inositol 1-phosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.	1.97	1	0
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aminoquinoline
saikosaponin d [no description available]	2.21	1	0
beta-hydroxyvaleric acid 3-hydroxypentanoic acid : A short-chain fatty acid that is valeric acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; ketone body; short-chain fatty acid
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	6.35	14	3	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fr 139317 FR 139317: endothelin receptor A antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
hypotaurine [no description available]	2.57	2	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phorbol-12-myristate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.41	1	0	proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
sr 95531 [no description available]	4.66	26	0	methoxybenzenes
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	2.05	1	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
2-hydroxyethylvaline 2-hydroxyethylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/88	8.22	35	1
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis	2.7	3	0
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.	2.01	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.11	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
triptolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine: a potent agonst of metabotropic glutamate receptors	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino acid
cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX	1.99	1	0
rh 3421 RH 3421: structure given in first source with one nitrogen missing a hydrogen atom	2.07	1	0
senktide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.03	1	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2	1	0
exp3174 losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.	7.42	15	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles; organochlorine compound	metabolite
3,4-epoxybutane-1,2-diol 3,4-epoxybutane-1,2-diol: a butadiene metabolite	1.99	1	0
n-acetyl-s-(n-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine: human metabolite of N,N-dimethylformamide & N-methylformamide; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	3.68	10	0
prolinamide prolinamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-prolinamide : The carboxamide derivative of L-proline.	2.48	2	0	amino acid amide; L-proline derivative; pyrrolidinecarboxamide
leucinol leucinol: RN given for (L)-isomer	2.46	2	0
anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.	2.11	1	0	beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
leucinamide leucinamide: leucine aminopeptidase alternative substrate to leucyl beta naphthylamide; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	2.01	1	0
neoeriocitrin neoeriocitrin: protects against autophagy-inhibiting effects of okadaic acid; isolated from Drynariae rhizome; structure in first source. neoeriocitrin : A flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol substituted by a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.41	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; neohesperidoside; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite
metaphit metaphit: site-directed acylating agent of phencyclidine receptors in rat brain; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [no description available]	3.14	1	0
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	7.64	78	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
oxymatrine oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	alkaloid; tertiary amine oxide
pd 123177 PD 123177: nonpeptide angiotensin AII-2 inhibitor	2	1	0	diarylmethane
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.45	2	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
erythromycin 2'-acetate erythromycin 2'-acetate: prodrug of erythromycin; 2'-acetyl ester & stearate salt of erythromycin	1.99	1	0	aminoglycoside
4,6-diamino-5-n-formamidopyrimidine 4,6-diamino-5-N-formamidopyrimidine: formed when adenine is exposed to ionizing radiation. 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4,6-diaminopyrimidine bearing an additional formamido substituent at position 5. A DNA lesion formed when DNA exposed to ionising radiation.	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; formamidopyrimidine
norbuprenorphine norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	phenanthrenes
2-ethynylnaphthalene 2-ethynylnaphthalene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.02	1	0
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine [no description available]	2.96	4	0
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK	2.01	1	0
delta-philanthotoxin delta-philanthotoxin: from wasp Philanthus triangulum; blocks transmission postsynaptically at excitory synapses	2.06	1	0
4'-phosphopantetheine D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate : Pantetheine 4'-phosphate with D (R) configuration at the 2' position.	7.39	2	0	pantetheine 4'-phosphate	prosthetic group
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	2.41	2	0	monoterpenoid
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline: can duplicate the binding activity of fibronectin vitronectin; RN given refers to ALL-L isomer	2.42	2	0
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus	2.01	1	0
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	3.48	2	0
3-mercaptopicolinic acid 3-mercaptopicolinic acid: gluconeogenesis inhibitor; may also inhibit ATP-dependentphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	1.96	1	0
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis	2	1	0
thiodigalactoside thiodigalactoside: RN given refers to beta-D-galactopyranoside (D-Gal)-isomer	2.39	2	0
efonidipine efonidipine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-efonidipine. It is a antihypertensive drug and a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker.. 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethanol.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxylic ester; dihydropyridine; tertiary amino compound
sr 48692 SR 48692: structure in first source; a neurotensin receptor-1 antagonist	2.08	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	3.34	7	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-hydroxyethyl radical ethoxide : An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol.	2.01	1	0	organic anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD	2.01	1	0	xanthones
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available]	3.06	5	0
pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.	2.03	1	0	imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; cross-linking reagent
carboxypolymethylene carbomer: high molecular polyanionic substance	2.07	1	0
ezogabine ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.	2.11	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anticonvulsant; potassium channel modulator
egta acetoxymethyl ester EGTA acetoxymethyl ester: membrane-permeable form of EGTA	2.07	1	0
thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
methylthio-adp [no description available]	2.11	1	0
n-(4-(7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin-3-yl)phenyl)maleimide N-(4-(7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin-3-yl)phenyl)maleimide: structure given in first source. 7-diethylamino-3-(4-maleimidophenyl)-4-methylcoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is 2H-chromen-2-one substituted by 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl, methyl, and diethylamino groups at positions 3, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a thiol-reactive fluorescent dye.	1.98	1	0	benzenes; coumarins; maleimides; tertiary amino compound	fluorescent dye
s-nitroso-n-acetylcysteine S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.87	1	0
rc 3095 bombesin (6-14), Tpi(6)-Leu(13)-psi(CH2NH)-Leu(14)-: an antagonist of bombesin	2.04	1	0
butyryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.42	2	0	butanoyl-CoAs	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glucitollysine glucitollysine: glycosylated amino acid elevated in proteins from diabetics; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
emoxypine succinate emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects	2.11	1	0
hydronium ion [no description available]	1.99	1	0	onium cation; oxygen hydride
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.08	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
pentafluorophenylisothiocyanate pentafluorophenylisothiocyanate: coupling agent used in Edman degradation	2.69	3	0
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	5.44	7	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	3.13	1	0	leucine derivative
5-(2-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline 5-(2-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline: tripeptide present in fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum; RN given refers to ((D-Val)-(S))-isomer	3.37	7	0
glycyl-prolyl-arginyl-proline glycyl-prolyl-arginyl-proline: synthetic peptide which prevents polymerization of fibrin molecules; a fibrin A-knob mimetic	2.07	1	0
cephamycin c cephamycin C: produced from O-carbamoyldeacetylcephalosporin in C by cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. cephamycin C : One of three naturally occurring cephamycin antibiotics, differing from the A and B forms in its carbamoyloxymethyl substituent at C-3.	1.98	1	0
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
substance p, methyl ester- substance P, methyl ester-: COOH-terminal amide of substance P replaced with methyl ester	2	1	0
cgp 42112a CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.	3.11	5	0	benzyl ester; oligopeptide; pyridinecarboxamide	angiotensin receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide: endogenous opioid antagonist octapeptide from bovine brain	2.15	1	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.03	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	5.17	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine 2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors	2.07	1	0
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	7.52	9	5	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dihydrotetrabenazine dihydrotetrabenazine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.15	1	0	isoquinolines
cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.	2	1	0	cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar	metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	2.38	2	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	2.72	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
galactose-1-phosphate alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate : A D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2	1	0	alpha-D-hexose 1-phosphate; D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
statine statine: amine component of pepstatin; structure	2.37	2	0
zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function	3.77	10	0
cp 93129 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrid-5-one: serotonin agonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	pyrrolopyridine
1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
n(delta)-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-ornithine [no description available]	2.66	3	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	2.44	2	0
5-(4-piperidyl)isoxazol-3-ol 5-(4-piperidyl)isoxazol-3-ol: structure given in first source; a partial agonist at the GABA-A receptor on cultured hippocampal neurones; antagonizes muscimol-stimulated benzodiazepine binding to rat cortical membranes	1.99	1	0	piperidines
dibromobimane dibromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two bromomethyl substituents at positions 3 and 5.	2.07	1	0	organobromine compound; pyrazolopyrazole	fluorochrome
glicentin Glicentin: A 69-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal of PROGLUCAGON. It is mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. Further processing of glicentin yield a 30-amino acid N-terminal peptide (glicentin-related polypeptide) and a 37-amino acid peptide OXYNTOMODULIN. Both glicentin and oxyntomodulin can reduce digestive secretions and delay gastric emptying.	3.8	1	1
4-phosphonomethylphenylalanine 4-(phosphonomethyl)-L-phenylalanine : A 4-(phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine that has L-configuration.. 4-(phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine substituted by a phosphonomethyl group at position 4.	1.99	1	0
gyki 53655 GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist	2.94	4	0
4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9h-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol 4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	6.09	16	2	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
valanimycin valanimycin: from a streptomycete; structure given in first source. valanimycin : An azoxy compound that is acrylic acid in which the olefinic hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by an isobutyl-ONN-azoxy group.	1.96	1	0
sdz 220-581 alpha-amino-2'-chloro-5-(phosphonomethyl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-propanoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.44	2	0
glycyl-leucyl-phenylalanine glycyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: an immunostimulatory peptide; RN given refer to all (L)-isomer	2.03	1	0	oligopeptide
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	2.06	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
lysyllysine lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
2-azido-3-iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-1,4-dioxin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
win 56291 Win 56291: anti-rhinoviral drug; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
2-hydroxypropylvaline 2-hydroxypropylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/88	3.25	6	0
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	8.61	12	3	biphenyls
cholecystokinin (26-33), n-methyl-nle(28,31)- [no description available]	1.98	1	0
umifenovir umifenovir: an antiviral agent	3.41	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
jg 365 [no description available]	4	4	0
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	amino acid amide
cgp 52432 [no description available]	2.77	3	0	dichlorobenzene
ici d8731 ICI D8731: structure given in first source; an angiotensin II receptor antagonist	3.08	1	0
l 703606 L 703606: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
forasartan forasartan: structure given in first source; an angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist; angiotensin II receptor antagonist; used in treatment of congestive heart failure. forasartan : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.08	1	0	benzenes; pyridines; tetrazoles; triazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	5.24	4	3	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
embusartan [no description available]	2	1	0
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid: an ethylcyclopropyl amino-acid derived from isoleucine; it may be coupled to coronafacic acid by coronafacate ligase to form coronatine; substrate of malonyltransferase & inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid malonyltransferase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.39	2	0	amino monocarboxylic acid
substance p (4-11), pro(4)-trp(7,9)- substance P (4-11), Pro(4)-Trp(7,9)-: RN given refers to (D-Pro,D-Trp)-(L-Met,L-Gln,L-Phe,L-Leu)-isomers; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/85; substance P antagonist	1.97	1	0
4-hydroxy-equilenin 4-hydroxy-equilenin: structure given in first source; is the major catechol metabolite of the equine estrogens EQUILENIN and EQUILIN; induces DNA damage	2.02	1	0
d 890 D 890: quaternary derivative of gallopamil	2.02	1	0
3-nitrobenzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolinium 3-nitrobenzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.	2.06	1	0
aspartame [no description available]	1.96	1	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	5.01	16	0	D-xylose
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	2.17	1	0	quinomethane
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	3.23	6	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
phenyldiazene phenyldiazene: structure	1.98	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	23.21	828	90	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.73	3	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	6.2	6	2	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
perifosine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ammonium betaine; phospholipid	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2	1	0
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	2.03	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
3-methylaspartic acid 3-methylaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
aspartylglycine Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	3.11	1	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	3.11	1	0
glycine tert-butyl ester tert-butyl glycinate: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
n-acetylglucopyranosylamine N-acetylglucopyranosylamine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
4-methylphenylalanine 4-methylphenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0
arginylarginine Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
beryllium trifluoride [no description available]	2	1	0	beryllium coordination entity; perfluorometallate anion
prolyl-tyrosine prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
vinylglycine vinylglycine: irreversible inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase; structure. L-vinylglycine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.	1.98	1	0	glycine derivative; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitor
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	4.13	3	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	8.13	5	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
atazanavir sulfate Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.	6.27	6	2	organic sulfate salt
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	12.4	42	13	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
telbivudine [no description available]	3.16	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
philanthotoxin 343 philanthotoxin 343: structure given in first source (see article's footnote); identical to philanthotoxin 433 except that the number of methylene groups between the respective amine moieties is 3,4,3 instead of 4,3,3	2.01	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
resiquimod S 28463: structure given in first source	3.48	1	1	imidazoquinoline
glucosone glucosone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	ketoaldohexose
alpha-ketocaproic acid alpha-ketocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-oxohexanoic acid : A straight-chain fatty acid consisting of hexanoic acid having an oxo group at position 2.	2.36	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; medium-chain fatty acid; oxo fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	human blood serum metabolite
4-guanidinobenzoate 4-guanidinobenzoate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobenzoic acid : Benzoic acid substituted at the para position by a guanidino group.	1.95	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.46	2	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
oracine oracine: structure in first source; 11-dihydrooracin is the enantiomer	2.01	1	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.47	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.36	2	0	carbodiimide
abrine abrine: from seeds of Abrus precatorius; structure in first source. N(alpha)-methyl-L-tryptophan : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-methyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2	1	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
gamma-glutamylmethylamide gamma-glutamylmethylamide: RN refers to L-isomer	2.05	1	0
penicillamine cysteine disulfide penicillamine cysteine disulfide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6881	1.93	1	0
homocysteinesulfinic acid homocysteinesulfinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	alpha-amino acid
4-(2'-pyridyldithio)benzyldiazoacetate 4-(2'-pyridyldithio)benzyldiazoacetate: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
ustiloxin a ustiloxin A: a modified peptide from the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens or false smut ball; structurally similar to phomopsin A; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid : A branched-chain fatty acid that is 3-methylpentanoic acid carrying a hydroxy substitutent at position 2.	2.4	2	0	2-hydroxy fatty acid; branched-chain fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
enniatin b enniatins: cyclohexadepsipeptides containing valine, isoleucine & valeric acid from Fusarian; form complexes with cations & cellular membranes; there are at least three different enniatins H, B & C; minor descriptor (76-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (76-86); see also record for enniatin D, E, F. enniatin B : An enniatin obtained from formal cyclocondensation of three N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl]-N-methyl-L-valine units.	2.07	1	0	enniatin	antimicrobial agent
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	2.01	1	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
cyclo(alanylalanyl) [no description available]	2.01	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.34	2	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-n-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
5-bromowillardiine 5-bromowillardiine: acts as a kainate-like agonist on chick EAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.03	1	0
n-valyltryptophan N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.03	1	0	peptide
isobutyryl-1-carnitine O-isobutyryl-L-carnitine : An optically active form of O-isobutyrylcarnitine having (R)-configuration.	1.99	1	0	methyl-branched fatty acyl-L-carnitine; O-isobutyrylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite
2-chloro-4-methylpentanoate 2-chloroisocaproic acid: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor	2.66	3	0
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	3.42	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	7.63	3	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
bathocuproine disulfonate bathocuproine sulfonate: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd. bathocuproine disulfonic acid : A phenanthroline that consists of 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl groups at position 2 and 9 as well as two 4-sulfophenyl groups at positions 4 and 7.. copper chelator : A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points.	2.1	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; phenanthrolines	chelator
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	2.1	1	0
farglitazar farglitazar: a non-thiazolidinedione insulin sensitiser and PPARgamma agonist	2.02	1	0
alpha-hydrazinoornithine alpha-hydrazinoornithine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	5.08	14	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	18.03	282	44	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
gabaculine gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.	1.99	1	0	5-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	4.2	17	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.41	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.97	4	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
n(2),3-ethenoguanine N(2),3-ethenoguanine: formed from 2-halooxiranes. N(2),3-ethenoguanine : A nucleobase analogue obtained by addition of an etheno group across positions N2 and 3 of guanine.	1.99	1	0	imidazopurine; nucleobase analogue
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	4.17	3	1	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
dolastatin 16 dolastatin 16: from sea hare Dolabella auricularia; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.	2.89	4	0	homocysteic acid	NMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	10.91	36	2	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
pozanicline [no description available]	2.42	2	0
quizalofop quizalofop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of quizalofop-P of and (S)-quizalofop. Quizalofop is used (commonly as the corresponding ethyl ester, known as quizalofop-ethyl) as a selective post-emergence herbicide against annual and winter-hard grasses. The active isomer is the R enantiomer, which is known as quizalofop-P.. 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para position by a (6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy group.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; quinoxaline derivative
l 158809 L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist	3.08	1	0
tak 779 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid: structure. 2-methyl-3-ketovaleric acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a keto group at position 3.	3.49	2	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidinyl nicotinate 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidinyl nicotinate: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
beta-leucine beta-leucine : A beta-amino acid that is pentanoic acid substituted at positions 3 and 4 by amino and methyl groups respectively.	4.27	3	0	beta-amino acid	human metabolite
glycyl-glycyl-valine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.4	2	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
etravirine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
1-deaza-fad 1-deaza-FAD: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; cpd not in Chemline 7/14/83	2.01	1	0
prolylglutamic acid Pro-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
dansylhydrazide trivaline dansylhydrazide trivaline: do not confuse trivaline (the tripeptide) with trivaline, synonym to amantidine sulfate (Merck, 9th ed, in #377); structure in first source	1.98	1	0
tcp (antiseptic) TCP (antiseptic): contains solution of 0.4% chlorine, 0.11% iodine, 0.63% phenol & 0.045% of salicylic acid in water	2.02	1	0
depsidomycin depsidomycin: depsipeptide from Streptomyces lavendofoliae; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0
cgp 54626 CGP 54626: RN given for (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.46	2	0
anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	anabasine
lapatinib [no description available]	2.1	1	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	5.56	4	1	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
eglumetad eglumetad: LY-354740 is the active isomer, LY-366563 is the inactive isomer, and LY 314582 is the racemate; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid
sorafenib [no description available]	2.49	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination Kinzalkomb: a fixed combination of telmisartan 80 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 125 mg for the treatment of hypertension	3.18	1	0
lenalidomide [no description available]	2.98	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	1.97	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	2.39	2	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.66	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	9.25	4	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
(1-chloroethenyl)oxirane (1-chloroethenyl)oxirane: structure in first source	7.03	1	0
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.97	4	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	7.05	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	3.25	6	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	10.7	19	1
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
4,4,4-trifluorovaline 4,4,4-trifluorovaline: RN refers to DL-isomer	3.12	5	0
5',5',5'-trifluoroleucine 5',5',5'-trifluoroleucine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation and fluorine locants as specified. 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine : A leucine derivative in which one of its methyl groups is replaced by trifluoromethyl.	2.69	3	0	leucine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound
acivicin [no description available]	3.48	2	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
azaleucine 4-azaleucine : An alanine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a dimethylamino group.	7.38	2	0	alanine derivative; leucine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tertiary amino compound
2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid tert-butylglycine : A glycine derivative that is glycine with a tertiary butyl group at position 2.	4.29	18	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	metabolite
wortmannin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
triostin a triostin A: RN given refers to triostin A; see also record for triostin C	2.02	1	0
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-azabicyclo(2,2,2,)octan-3-one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-azabicyclo(2,2,2,)octan-3-one: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclic ketone; quinuclidines
3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid: metabolite of caffeic acid; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropionic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. Also known as dihydrocaffeic acid, it is a metabolite of caffeic acid and exhibits antioxidant activity.	2.05	1	0	(dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite
indole-3-acetonitrile indole-3-acetonitrile: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-acetonitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.03	1	0	indoles; nitrile	auxin; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	5.46	4	0
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	3.13	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
sc 52151 SC 52151: HIV protease inhibitor containing the (hydroxylethyl)urea isostere; R-isomer is 1700 times more active than S-isomer	1.99	1	0	asparagine derivative
bortezomib [no description available]	2.5	2	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	21.21	320	85	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
mrs 1191 MRS 1191: a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	cinnamate ester
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	8.53	22	6
nsc 141537 diacetoxyscirpenol: mycotoxin belonging to 12,13-epoxytrichothecene group; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; structure	1.95	1	0	trichothecene
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.37	7	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.1	1	0
anatoxin a anatoxin a: found in Anabaena; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS) 1978-2006; also see anatoxin-a(s)	2	1	0	tropane alkaloid
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.97	4	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.	1.97	1	0	adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide	cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	6.69	18	1
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	2.02	1	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	3.04	5	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	5.48	8	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.11	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	3.21	6	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	11.28	20	2	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	3.04	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	3.8	1	1
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	4.78	33	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	1.98	1	0	D-galacturonic acid
elastin [no description available]	5.22	51	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	3.98	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	4.3	6	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid	1.95	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-glutamic acid derivative
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.7	3	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	7.31	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	5.3	18	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
pantetheine Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.	7.39	2	0	pantetheines; thiol	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
tryptophanamide tryptophanamide: used as inhibitor of chymotrypsin; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-tryptophanamide : An amino acid amide that is the carboxamide of L-tryptophan.	1.98	1	0	amino acid amide; tryptophan derivative	human metabolite
pantolactone pantolactone: degradation product of pantothenic acid in liver; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure. (R)-pantolactone : A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 4 (the R-stereoisomer).	2.02	1	0	butan-4-olide	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylglutamate N-methyl-L-glutamic acid : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid with L-glutamic acid as the amino acid component.. methyl-L-glutamic acid : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted with a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	methyl-L-glutamic acid; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.47	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2.42	2	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	4.35	21	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
D-leucine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; leucine	bacterial metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	7.17	123	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.41	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	1.95	1	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	7.73	3	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
alpha-aminobutyric acid alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.	3.79	11	0	alpha-aminobutyric acid; D-alpha-amino acid
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	2	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
n-formylmethionine N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.	3.34	7	0	L-methionine derivative; N-formyl amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.69	3	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	4.06	3	1
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	1.99	1	0	cellotriose
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	10.59	28	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	8.3	6	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	1.94	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
actinorhodin actinorhodin: structure. actinorhodin : A member of the class of benzoisochromanequinone that is produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and exhibits antibiotic activity.	1.98	1	0
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	2.9	4	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	6.97	28	3	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.03	1	0
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	7.43	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
lotaustralin lotaustralin: higher homologue of linamarin from flax; a cyanogenic glycoside; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure	2.65	3	0	cyanogenic glycoside
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.67	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2.71	3	0
micheliolide micheliolide: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;	2.1	1	0	glycoside
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.55	2	0
temocaprilat temocaprilat: the diacid of temocapril; active metabolite of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CS-622); RN refers to (2S-(2alpha,6beta(R*))) isomer; structure in first source	3.41	1	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.71	3	0	tripeptide
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	2.13	1	0	peptide
actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure	2.03	1	0
valnemulin valnemulin: a pleuromutilin derivative	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	5.91	5	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
temocapril hydrochloride temocapril hydrochloride: structure given in first source	4.88	4	2	dipeptide
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.97	4	0	cyclodextrin
skf 107457 SKF 107457: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	3.99	4	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.52	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.7	3	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
equilenin Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.	2.02	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	antioxidant; mammalian metabolite
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	3.51	8	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.89	3	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.06	5	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.13	1	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
palmitoleic acid hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.17	1	0	hexadec-9-enoic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.95	4	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	8.34	15	5	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	2.01	1	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.52	2	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.41	2	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	5.5	15	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2	1	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist. (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist.	2.42	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	8.64	9	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	5.96	9	3	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	3.32	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	4.43	2	0
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	9.42	11	1
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.03	1	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	4.33	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
adenylosuccinate aspartyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.13	1	0
phenylalaninol phenylalaninol: inhibits intestinal absorption of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereochemistry. L-phenylalaninol : An amino alcohol resulting from the formal reduction of the carboxy group of L-phenylalanine to the corresponding alcohol.	2.01	1	0	amino alcohol; amphetamines; primary alcohol; primary amino compound
valine-pyrrolidide valine-pyrrolidide: structure given in first source	5.07	16	0
apstatin apstatin: inhibits aminopeptidase P; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
desoxyepothilone b desoxyepothilone B: microtubule-targeted antitumor agent; lacking the epoxide of epothilone B; may be equiv to epothilone D. epothilone D : An epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	epothilone	microtubule-stabilising agent
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains	1.95	1	0	CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid	mouse metabolite
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.05	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.05	5	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
n-acetylmethionine N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	1.97	1	0	L-methionine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylmethionine	nutraceutical
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	2.03	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.1	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
isoleucylvaline isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	1.99	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	4.08	3	1	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.1	1	0
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	8.16	142	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.46	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.35	2	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.15	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
a 80987 A 80987: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	amino acid amide
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	3.68	10	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.49	2	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	5.27	3	1	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
l 743,872 [no description available]	3.15	1	0
aspartyl-aspartic acid aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp). Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.41	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
bay 57-1293 pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor	4.43	1	1
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	4.19	4	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	8.34	7	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
2'-c-methyladenosine 2'-C-methyladenosine: antiviral	2.15	1	0
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
Phe-Tyr Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.02	1	0	potassium salt
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.88	4	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
vanadium trioxide [no description available]	2.08	1	0
methyl thioacetate [no description available]	2	1	0	thionoester
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	1.99	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
oxazolidine oxazolidine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	oxazolidine
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.23	6	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.01	1	0	triterpenoid
3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.. 3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	3-coumaric acid
glycosides [no description available]	5.48	22	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	8.4	61	1	isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.41	2	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.41	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4.26	5	0	stilbene
prolinol prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.	2.01	1	0
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	4.31	20	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	3.08	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	4.82	2	1	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	1.96	1	0	cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	3.91	13	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	4.91	38	0	diphosphate ion
triiodothyronine, reverse [no description available]	2.41	1	0	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine	2.47	2	0	phosphocholines	detergent
6-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone [no description available]	2.41	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
methylacetylphosphonate methylacetylphosphonate: inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, don't confuse with methyl acetylphosphonate	1.98	1	0
omapatrilat omapatrilat: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	dipeptide
benidipine benidipine: RN refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer	4.69	3	2
xe 991, anthracenone 10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone: neurotransmitter release enhancer and potassium channel blocker; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	anthracenes
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.69	3	0	S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	4.32	1	1	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.64	3	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	4.19	5	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	1.94	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	1.94	1	0	pyrimidone
bemesetron [no description available]	2.07	1	0
alpha-methyltryptophan, (l)-isomer [no description available]	1.98	1	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	1.94	1	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
dansylproline dansylproline: RN given refers to L-proline isomer	2	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.05	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
n-acetyltryptophan N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2.39	2	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
rg108 RG108: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
n-benzoylalanine N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.	2.4	2	0	N-acyl-L-alanine; N-benzoylalanine	metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	2.69	3	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	8.73	10	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	8.57	8	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure	2.73	3	0	thiazolidinone
5-methoxyuridine 5-methoxyuridine : A derivative of uridine, bearing an additional methoxy substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.	1.95	1	0	uridines
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	3.33	7	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	1.94	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	biphenyls
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	3.55	8	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	2.07	1	0
terbinafine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
n-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine: a leumedin; RN given for (L)-isomer	2.05	1	0
n-glycylalanine Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.71	3	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.05	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.64	3	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	1.96	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	8.09	5	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	5.55	28	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	1.93	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl 4-maleimido-TEMPO : A member of the class of piperidines that is TEMPO carrying a maleimido group at position 4.	1.96	1	0	aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; piperidines	radical scavenger; spin label
5-doxylstearate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aminoxyls
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	5.44	5	3	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
glycylvaline glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	7.64	3	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	2.05	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	1.97	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.43	2	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.76	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
nadp [no description available]	4.72	30	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.07	1	0
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate: structure given in first source	6.98	1	0
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate that is ADP substituted at position 3' by an N-methylanthraniloyl group.	1.99	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole 2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole: an amyloid imaging agent; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	3.65	10	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	1.94	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
rhyncophylline rhyncophylline: an oxindole; RN given refers to (7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer	2.02	1	0
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	3.83	12	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.73	3	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
maraviroc [no description available]	2.99	4	0	tropane alkaloid
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.73	3	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
compound 348u87 compound 348U87: structure given in first source; antiherpes cpd	3.08	1	0
vicriviroc vicriviroc: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir [no description available]	10.97	17	4	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
mk 0608 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine: an antiviral agent	2.1	1	0
ggti 286 GGTI 286: the methyl ester of GGTI-287; inhibits geranylgeranyltransferase	2.17	1	0
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	2.69	3	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.96	4	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	6.89	22	1	alkali metal atom
thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.	3.45	8	0	nucleoside analogue; thiouridine	affinity label; antimetabolite
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.88	4	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
burimamide Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.	1.95	1	0	imidazoles
altanserin altanserin: structure given in first source; a radioligand for PET studies of serotonin S2 receptors	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	2.02	1	0	salicylamides
dolasetron [no description available]	1.97	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.	2.05	1	0	1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
meclonazepam [no description available]	2.15	1	0
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.05	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	2.94	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
mitragynine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.97	4	0
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for sulfate moiety	2.41	2	0	alcohol; phenols
tryptophan tryptophylquinone tryptophan tryptophylquinone: prosthetic group of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
n-succinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
mdl 100453 4-oxo-5-phosphononorvaline: structure given in first source; competitive glutamate antagonist at the NMDA receptor complex; RN given refers to (R)-isomer	8.37	7	0
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
cystine [no description available]	8.49	126	0
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	3.57	8	0	benzazepine
isobutyryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	3.03	4	0	methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA; short-chain fatty acyl-CoA	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
safingol safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R,S))-isomer	2.05	1	0	amino alcohol
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
glycyllysine glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
sr 144528 SR 144528: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source. SR 144528 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM).	2.1	1	0	bridged compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide	CB2 receptor antagonist; EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ferrocenium ferrocenium: structure given in first source	2	1	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.94	4	0
4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	phenols
n-dodecoxycarbonylvaline N-dodecoxycarbonylvaline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to L-isomer	3.62	9	0
olivomycins Olivomycins: A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.	1.96	1	0
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	2.37	2	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.46	2	0
n-(2-naphthalene)sulfonyl-dl-tryptophan [no description available]	1.95	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.05	1	0
zankiren hydrochloride zankiren hydrochloride: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.38	2	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	5.53	64	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	4.25	19	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	4.91	37	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
blister blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketone; pyrroloquinoline; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	inhibitor
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	7.54	194	0	quinoxaline derivative
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups.	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines	reagent
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	5.55	66	0	quinoxaline derivative
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	6.76	48	0
fura-pe3 fura-PE3: a zwitterionic fluorescent calcium indicator; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(n,n-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	9.73	5	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
citramalate citramalate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citramalate(2-) : A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of citramalic acid.	1.95	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion	human metabolite; plant metabolite
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	1.99	1	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	2.83	3	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.5	2	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	4.71	3	2	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	1.93	1	0
4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
sodium butyrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tetrathiomolybdate tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure	2.1	1	0
abacavir, lamivudine drug combination abacavir, lamivudine drug combination: combination of Epivir and Ziagen	3.93	2	1
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.82	3	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	2.7	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	5.91	7	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.71	3	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	5.84	8	3	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.03	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group	2.01	1	0	fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.41	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	9.23	6	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.64	3	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	3.38	1	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	3.38	7	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	4.02	4	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
alpha-isopropylmalate alpha-isopropylmalate: structure. (2S)-2-isopropylmalic acid : An optically active form of 2-isopropylmalic acid having S-configuration.. 2-isopropylmalate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-isopropylmalic acid.	2.15	1	0	2-isopropylmalic acid
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2	1	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
alprostadil [no description available]	1.99	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	1.94	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	1.96	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.41	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.03	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.03	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	3.77	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.01	1	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.01	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	8.97	19	2	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	3.45	1	1	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
erucic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	docosenoic acid
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.55	2	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
canthaxanthin Canthaxanthin: A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.. canthaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.	2.6	1	0	carotenone	biological pigment; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fungal metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.02	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	3.27	1	0	alpha-humulene
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.17	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	7.13	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
fisetin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.41	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.41	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.63	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
polydatin trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.41	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; stilbenoid	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; nephroprotective agent; potassium channel modulator
riddelliine riddelliine: structure. riddelliine : A macrodiolide that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionan bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18 as well as two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16.	2.1	1	0	macrodiolide; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; pyrrolizine alkaloid	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
iridin iridin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is irigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.41	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
orobol orobol: from Aspergillus niger or Streptomyces neyagawaensis; potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase. orobol : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.	2.17	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	anti-inflammatory agent; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.13	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.41	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.06	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	3.08	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
cilnidipine [no description available]	6.24	9	4	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug
sorivudine [no description available]	5.64	6	0	organic molecular entity
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	1.96	1	0	stilbenoid
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.02	1	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	5.84	8	3	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.05	1	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol [no description available]	2	1	0	phosphatidylglycerol
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.11	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	5.28	4	1	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.	1.97	1	0
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	4.11	3	1	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.72	3	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
codeine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.89	4	0	hydrochloride
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.03	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	3.21	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	3.86	12	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	3.12	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	7.68	21	3	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.01	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.25	1	0	cyclodextrin
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.02	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
lobeline Lobeline: An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.	2.4	2	0
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	6.57	27	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
xylulose [no description available]	2.01	1	0	xylulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	2.01	1	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	5.04	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	2.87	4	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	2.02	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.	1.95	1	0	peptide
lacidipine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.47	2	0	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	2.02	1	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	4.24	3	1	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; difluorobenzene; dipeptide; tert-butyl ester	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.95	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	10.08	14	10	phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2.39	2	0
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	2.91	4	0	polypeptide
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	4.88	34	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	1.98	1	0
rimexolone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	20-oxo steroid
kn 93 KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	2.46	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	2.74	3	0	piperazines
octadecadienoic acid octadecadienoic acid: location of unsaturation not specified. octadecadienoate : A long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecadienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.. octadecadienoic acid : Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.	2.11	1	0
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.05	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
(E)-3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenal [no description available]	2.41	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
andrographolide [no description available]	2.41	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	2.06	1	0
ag-490 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
su 11248 [no description available]	2.78	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	1.95	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	8.25	6	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	7.5	2	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
11-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 11-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	2.44	2	0
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; nitrile; sulfone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	7.38	2	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	4.02	4	0
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	3.74	11	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.45	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
oleylamine oleylamine: promotes fusion of mouse A(9) fibroblasts; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.08	1	0
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	3.05	5	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.89	4	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	1.97	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	2.37	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.45	8	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	7.03	1	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.4	2	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	1.97	1	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.	1.97	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
delapril delapril: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	3.16	1	0	peptide
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	10.6	30	15	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	10.18	31	18	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	12.5	35	13	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
candoxatril candoxatril : The 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester of the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat. Candoxatril is an orally active prodrug of candoxatrilat, a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.06	1	0
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	6.61	28	2	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	5.25	17	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
erucyl amide erucyl amide: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. erucamide : A primary fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of erucic acid with ammonia. It is commonly used as a slip additive in the plastic manufacturing industry.	2.25	1	0	13-docosenamide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite; rat metabolite
piperic acid piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).	7.04	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzodioxoles	plant metabolite
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2.02	1	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	1.96	1	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	13.37	54	14	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	3.4	7	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	14.54	64	16	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.4	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	10.19	269	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
isophthalate isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	2.39	2	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	3.38	7	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3.45	8	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.65	3	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.69	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
normorphine normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer	2.37	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
benazeprilat benazeprilat: structure given in first source. benazeprilat : A benzazepine that is 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a carboxy methyl group and in which the 3-pro-S hydrogen is replaced by the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, it is used as its monoester prodrug benazepril in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	3.95	13	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
l 689502 L 689502: HIV-1 protease inhibitor; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.7	3	0
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	4.08	3	1	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	3.84	2	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	3.08	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
u 75875 U 75875: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.01	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0	isoquinolines
cmpd 167 CMPD 167: has antiviral activity	3.91	12	0
alanylalanine L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	6.86	4	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	3.71	10	0
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	1.95	1	0
neuromedin c neuromedin C: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord; corresponds to the C-terminal decapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide; bombesin-like peptide; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0
naltrindole benzofuran naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine-4-nitroanilide succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine-4-nitroanilide: chromogenic chymotrypsin substrate	2.11	1	0
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	2.13	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
phenylalanylalanine phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
beta-isopropylmalate beta-isopropylmalate: RN given refers to (threo-(D)-isomer)	2	1	0
udp-n-acetylmuramic acid pentapeptide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	14.4	54	16	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
vx680 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	2.72	3	0
alanyltyrosine Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
crotonyl-coenzyme a crotonoyl-CoA : The (E)-isomer of but-2-enoyl-CoA.	2.11	1	0	but-2-enoyl-CoA
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	2.38	2	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.49	2	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2	1	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	3.26	6	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
viroxime [no description available]	2.1	1	0
gw-5074 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2	2.01	1	0	naphthalenes
cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer	2.38	2	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	4.03	15	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
12-o-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ro 42-5892 remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).	2.02	1	0	cyclopropanes; diol; L-histidine derivative; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor; peptidomimetic; vasodilator agent
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	4.7	5	0	oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	7.04	119	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.08	5	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
selenocysteine Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.	2	1	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	1.95	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
9-borabicyclo(3,3,1)nonane [no description available]	3.13	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2.85	4	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	2.11	1	0	organic anion
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	3.37	1	1
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	8.78	14	5	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
cgp 39551 CGP 39551: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate (-)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-catechin.	2.41	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
dihydroergotoxine Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.	3.27	1	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	5.5	65	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
prolylglycine prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
3-methylbutyrylcarnitine 3-methylbutyrylcarnitine: affects 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity in intact mitochondria of rat muscle; RN given refers to (R)-isomer. O-isovalerylcarnitine : A C5-acylcarnitine having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent.	1.99	1	0	C5-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
arginyllysine Arg-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-arginyl and L-leucine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
pregnanediol [no description available]	2.35	2	0
cholestanol Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.	2.1	1	0	cholestanoid
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.99	1	0	polyterpene
hygromycin a hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B	1.98	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
cilastatin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
fusarin c fusarin C: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2	1	0
latrunculin b latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.	2.03	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.68	3	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
sphingosine phosphorylcholine sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent	2.13	1	0
phomopsin phomopsin: RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/18/83	1.98	1	0	oligopeptide
8-hydroperoxylinoleic acid 8(R)-HPODE : The 8(R)-isomer of HPODE.	2.05	1	0	HPODE; octadecanoid
rupintrivir rupintrivir: a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor	10.64	46	2
vasopressin, 1-deamino-4-val-8-arg- vasopressin, 1-deamino-4-Val-8-Arg-: highly potent & specific antidiuretic possessing protracted effects; RN given refers to (L-Val-L-Arg)-isomer	2.87	4	0
everolimus [no description available]	2.17	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
tiglyl-coenzyme a 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-coenzyme A : An alk-2-enoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid.	2.11	1	0	2-enoyl-CoA; monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA
factor iii, vitamin b 12 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dehydrobutyrine (Z)-2-aminobutenoic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid resulting from the formal elimination of water from the side-chain of threonine.. 2-aminobut-2-enoic acid zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-aminobut-2-enoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	7.05	1	0	2,3-dehydroamino acid; enamine; threonine derivative
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	2.17	1	0	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	2.02	1	0
fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source	2.73	3	0	organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
beta-escin [no description available]	5.75	6	1
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	2.4	2	0	glycosylglucose
sb 222200 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	quinolines
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	1.95	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
ro 25-6981 Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source. Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.	2.46	2	0	benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
lactacystin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	1.97	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.35	2	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	2.73	3	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.96	4	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
iprovalicarb iprovalicarb: a derivative of natural amino acid valine & carbamic acid; a fungicide. iprovalicarb : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising equimolar amounts of L-(R)- and L-(S)-iprovalicarb. It is a systemic fungicide, specific to oomycetes, used on potatoes and grape vines.. isopropyl (3-methyl-1-{[1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate : A carbamate ester that is valinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by a 1-(p-tolyl)ethyl group and the alpha-amino group has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl carbamate.	3.45	7	0	amino acid amide; carbamate ester; valine derivative
fumagillin [no description available]	3.82	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	3.08	5	0
ciclesonide ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis	2.31	1	0	organic molecular entity
flibanserin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzimidazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound	antidepressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration.	2.41	1	0	beta-elemene	antineoplastic agent
pd 184352 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
isavuconazole isavuconazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.	2.53	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; nitrile; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor; orphan drug
vildagliptin [no description available]	3.85	2	1	amino acid amide
integramide a integramide A: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
ppi 2458 PPI 2458: a methionine aminopeptidase-2 inhibitor with antirheumatic activity; structure in first source	6.39	12	1
3-tyrosine 3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.	2.17	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phenols	plant metabolite
phenylalanylglycine phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.	2.39	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-alanyl-phenylalanine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide
glycyl-alanyl-leucine glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91	2.39	2	0	peptide
phenylalanylphenylalanine Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
histidylhistidine histidylhistidine: RN given for L-,L-isomer	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
alanylglycine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
7-azatryptophan 7-azatryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.36	2	0
alpha-glutamyltryptophan Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
lysylglutamic acid lysylglutamic acid: a geroprotective agent. Lys-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamylvaline gamma-glutamylvaline: improves the bitter taste of valine. gamma-Glu-Val : A glutamyl-L-amino acid that is the N-(L-gamma-glutamyl) derivative of L-leucine.	7.02	1	0	glutamyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
Ala-Lys Ala-Lys : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-alanine with the alpha-amino group of L-lysine.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	marine metabolite
valyl-valyl-valine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	peptide
phenylalanylproline Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
lysylglycine lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycylhistidine glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	2.44	2	0
prolylisoleucine prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
n-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-ylthio)acetamide N-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-ylthio)acetamide: a KCC2 cotransporter antagonist	2.07	1	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
prolyl-serine Pro-Ser : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-serine residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.03	1	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	3.9	13	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.75	3	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
tri-cyclen [no description available]	3.48	1	1
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.	3.58	3	0	L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound	hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pridopidine pridopidine: a dopamine stabilizer; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
cgp 56999a CGP 56999A: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
fr 167344 FR 167344: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
dolastatin 10 dolastatin 10: from mollusk Dolabella auricularia; contains four amino acids, dolavaline, dolaisoleucine, dolaproine, valine and the primary amine dolaphenine; deo-dolastatin 10 is a new dolastatin 10 chiral derivative with MW of 784. dolastatin 10 : A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.	2.39	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; tetrapeptide	animal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
valyl-prolyl-proline Val-Pro-Pro : A tripeptide composed of L-valine and two L-proline units joined by peptide linkages.	2.05	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
r 121919 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
metaflumizone metaflumizone: an insecticide	2.07	1	0	semicarbazone; stilbenoid
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.41	2	0	oligopeptide
fructosyl-lysine fructosyllysine : A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.	3.43	7	0	fructosamine; glyco-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
2164u90 2164U90: a potent inhibitor of the ileal bile acid active transport system; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	3.68	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; fatty acid ester; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine
biln 2061 BILN 2061: a macrocyclic NS3 protease inhibitor and antiviral agent; structure in first source	4.8	2	1
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	1.99	1	0	peptide
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.42	7	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
fimasartan fimasartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist	5.82	2	2	biphenyls
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	4.37	1	1	lactam; macrolide
dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin: an NF-kappaB inhibitor; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer	7.21	1	0	methanesulfonate ester
dapagliflozin [no description available]	8.94	2	1	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
fr236924 FR236924: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
avosentan Avosentan: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
ustiloxin b ustiloxin B: an antimitotic cyclic peptide; from false smut balls on rice panicles caused by Ustilaginoidea virens; structure given in first source. ustiloxin B : A heterodetic cyclic peptide with formula C26H39N5O12S produced by Ustilaginoidea virens fungi. It is an inhibitor of microtubule assembly.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; phenols; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfoxide	Aspergillus metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent; mycotoxin
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	fatty acid ester
tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.	4.18	2	0	N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
zeolites [no description available]	2.42	2	0
isoleucyl-prolyl-proline [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
3-iodothyronamine 3-iodothyronamine: a thyroid hormone derivative that may be involved in a fast response signaling pathway; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether
cgp 55845a CGP 55845A: GABA-B receptor antagonist; RN refers to cpd with no isomeric designation; CGP 55845 is the (1S,2S)-isomer	4.18	16	0
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	2.39	2	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
chf 5074 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: a beta-amyloid(1-42) lowering agent; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
n-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide N-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
n,o-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine N,O-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine: was obtained in the form of slabs by bulk radical polymerization	2.03	1	0
bicuculline methochloride bicuculline methochloride: guaternary analog of bicuculline; specific GABA antagonist in spinal cord; structure	2.06	1	0
deltorphin i, ala(2)- deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.01	1	0	peptide
candicidin Candicidin: Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.. candicidin D : A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.. candicidin : A mixture of the antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It is composed of candicidins A, B, C and D, with candicidin D being the major component. Candicidin is active against some fungi of the genus Candida, and has been used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.	1.96	1	0	macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antifungal drug; bacterial metabolite
fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)	2.01	1	0
pamamycin-607 pamamycin-607: structure in first source	2.41	2	0
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.	2.88	4	0	cysteine derivative
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
n-(4-(4-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide N-(4-(4-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide: a metabolite of levosimendan; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
bibw 2992 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; enamide; furans; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ly 379268 LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.	2.04	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; bridged compound; organic heterobicyclic compound	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.11	1	0
protylonolide protylonolide: structure in first source. tylactone : A 16-membererd macrolide that is the aglycone of the antibiotic 5-O-beta-D-mycaminosyltylactone.	2.65	3	0	diol; enone; macrolide	metabolite
betrixaban betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.	2.17	1	0	benzamides; guanidines; monochloropyridine; monomethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	8.42	7	0
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	2.36	2	0	peptide
demethoxyfumitremorgin c demethoxyfumitremorgin C: isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. demethoxyfumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid, consisting of fumitremorgin C lacking the 9-methoxy substituent.	3.13	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mycotoxin
beta-acetyldigoxin Acetyldigoxins: Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.	2.01	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
angiotensin amide Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.	2.62	3	0	oligopeptide
16-acetylgitoxin 16-acetylgitoxin: main cardioactive metabolite of penta-acetylgitoxin. 16-O-acetylgitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is the 16-acetate of gitoxin.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; cardenolide glycoside
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	4.01	3	0	indolecarboxamide
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	11.5	56	5
ly 341495 LY 341495: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	8.82	12	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	4.5	9	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
tafamidis tafamidis: may be effective in treating transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy. tafamidis : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.	6.78	3	2	1,3-benzoxazoles; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	central nervous system drug
r-106 [no description available]	1.99	1	0
cariprazine cariprazine: Structure in first source. cariprazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.	3.23	1	0
calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug	2.45	2	0
abt-737 [no description available]	2.41	1	0	aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
begacestat [no description available]	3.14	1	0
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.41	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation that combines buprenorphine, an OPIOID ANALGESICS with naloxone, a NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS to reduce the potential for NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE in the treatment of pain. It may also be used for OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY.	2.11	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2.65	3	0	nystatins
mandipropamid mandipropamid: effective against the economically important phytopathogens Phytophthora infestans (potato and tomato late blight) and Plasmopara viticola (grape downy mildew). mandipropamid : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mandipropamid. An agricultural fungicide, it is used to control late blight and downy mildew in many salad, vegetable and fruit crops.. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-{2-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)acetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the condensation of the carboxy group of p-chloromandelic acid propargyl ether with the amino group of 2-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethylamine.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; terminal acetylenic compound
dictyostatin dictyostatin: a macrocyclic compound; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
amlodipine, valsartan drug combination Amlodipine, Valsartan Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of amlodipine and valsartan that is used for the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	7.89	8	3
amenamevir ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source	5.86	4	2
citrinadin a citrinadin A: pentacyclic alkaloid from marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum; structure in first source	2.72	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
alisporivir alisporivir: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog; structure/sequence in first source	4.93	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anticoronaviral agent
ridaforolimus [no description available]	2.07	1	0	macrolide lactam
monomethyl auristatin e [no description available]	8.64	8	0
emamectin benzoate emamectin benzoate: 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1; structure given in first source. emamectin : A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).	7.41	1	0	emamectins
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.21	1	0
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	2.66	3	0
prolyl-proline Pro-Pro : A dipeptide formed from two L-proline residues.	2.03	1	0	dipeptide	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-(2-cyanoethyl)valine N-(2-cyanoethyl)valine: structure given in first source	8.92	12	0
trametinib [no description available]	5.53	5	1	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	7.04	14	2
hypoglycin a hypoglycin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hypoglycin A : A diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus).	1.96	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.41	1	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
narlaprevir narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.	3.59	1	1	azabicyclohexane; cyclopropanes; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary carboxamide; ureas	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
palmitoylcarnitine Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	1.97	1	0	O-palmitoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.7	3	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.98	4	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.07	5	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	3.91	12	0
brexpiprazole brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source	3.95	3	0	N-arylpiperazine
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	6.58	16	1
podophyllin Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.	1.94	1	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	1.95	1	0
cyclohexylalanine cyclohexylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.38	2	0
tubulysin d tubulysin D: structure in first source	2.44	2	0	carboxylic acid; diester
resorcinarene resorcinarene: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
arabinofuranosyluracil Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.	6.83	11	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	2.06	1	0
enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)	2.04	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	3.56	9	0
ammonium citrate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	ammonium salt; citrate salt	buffer; food emulsifier
4-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1h)-one 4-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one: has antiviral activity	2.08	1	0
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.01	1	0	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.6	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	5.46	8	2
jaw [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indolecarboxamide
homopropargylglycine homopropargylglycine: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	5.05	43	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.	2.65	3	0	aromatic amino acid
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
serofendic acid serofendic acid: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
5-(alpha-methyl-4-bromobenzylamino)phosphonomethyl-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 5-(alpha-methyl-4-bromobenzylamino)phosphonomethyl-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: an excitatory amino acid antagonist; structure in first source	2.98	4	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.73	3	0
bms-650032 asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus	19.01	193	42	oligopeptide
alx 1393 ALX 1393: a GlyT2 inhibitor	2.08	1	0
sagittamide a sagittamide A: from tunicate Micronesia; structure in first source	3.13	5	0
rg 7128 2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source	4.09	2	0
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	1.96	1	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	2.02	1	0
tyrocidine Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.	2.63	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; peptide antibiotic	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	9.76	7	1
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	1.96	1	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	2.01	1	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.67	3	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	4.8	7	1	polypeptide
peptide t1249 peptide T1249: peptide derived from HR2 segment; gp41, intertwined heptad-repeat (HR2) regions form hydrophobic grooves that fold over and bind to corresponding HR1 coiled coils, collapsing gp41 into a stable six-helix or trimer of hairpins configuration; HIV fusion inhibitor	2.06	1	0
hes1 protein, human HES1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_005524	2.21	1	0
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus	2.15	1	0
fibrinopeptide b Fibrinopeptide B: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.	2.68	3	0
neurotensin, trp(11)- neurotensin, Trp(11)-: analog of neurotensin in which Tyr(11) has been replaced with Trp; neurotensin antagonist; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas	2.01	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.66	3	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	5.84	31	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	12.69	50	0	peptide hormone
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	2.03	1	0
emerimicins Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.	3.55	8	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	3.84	11	0
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	1.98	1	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	4.09	15	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	1.95	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	8.96	43	1
anticodon Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.	4.37	21	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	6.75	13	1
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	3.71	3	0
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- [no description available]	1.99	1	0	polypeptide	dermatologic drug
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	5.91	9	1
gastrin 17 gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	2.02	1	0	gastrin	antineoplastic agent
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	3.09	5	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	4.47	24	0	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	5.75	11	2
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	5.4	14	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	2.13	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.08	5	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
lumacaftor lumacaftor: a corrector of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR); structure in first source. lumacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.	2.1	1	0	aromatic amide; benzodioxoles; benzoic acids; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; pyridines	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane: reagent for labeling sulfur in nucleic acids	1.95	1	0
fedratinib fedratinib: a selective small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.66	3	0
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.	2.02	1	0
s-nitrosopenicillamine S-nitrosopenicillamine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase	3.28	2	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde oleacein: found in olive oil; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	alcohol; phenols
flucloronide flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure	2.06	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
dinophysistoxin 1 dinophysistoxin 1: from toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii; RN given for (35R)-isomer; structure given in first source. dinophysistoxin 1 : A ketal that is a marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Produced by dinoflagellates it is known to accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning. It is an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and PP2A and has been shown to promote cancer cell growth in tumour cell lines and animal models.	2.08	1	0	ketal	animal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; marine metabolite; toxin
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	3.54	8	0
antamanide antamanide: cyclic decapeptides otained from the green death cup toadstool (Amanita phalloides). Acts as an antidote against poisoning by phallotoxins by preventing accumulation & absorption of the toxin in the liver; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (75-86)	1.98	1	0
n-methylcarbamate N-methylcarbamate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	amino-acid anion
chitosan [no description available]	8.33	4	0
perylenequinone perylenequinone: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
n-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine: structure in first source	3.59	8	0
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	2.05	1	0
sodium oxybate Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.	1.96	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.06	5	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.05	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.	4.23	3	1
3h-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine, 2-butyl-3-((2'-(1h-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-, sodium salt 2-butyl-3-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-3H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: an angiotensin II-receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.08	1	0
lactisole lactisole: structure in first source	7.02	1	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	2.97	4	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
n-hydroxy-n-isopropyloxamate N-hydroxy-N-isopropyloxamate: inhibitor of ketol-acid reductoisomerase; structure given in first source; RN given refers to monopotassium salt	1.99	1	0
2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid 2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid: RN given refers to mono-Na salt; structure	1.98	1	0
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt	2	1	0
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	2.65	3	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	1.98	1	0
cortisol succinate, sodium salt hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
nk 2761 NK 2761: merocyanine-rhodanine dye	2.42	2	0
syringolin a syringolin A: a cyclic dipeptide composed of the two non-proteinogenic amino acids. syringolin A : A syrbactin that has a (3E,9E)-2,7-dioxo-1,6-diazacyclododeca-3,9-diene skeleton that is substituted by an isopropyl group at position 5 and by a [(2S)-2-({[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-methylbutanoyl]nitrilo group at the 8-pro-S position. It is produced by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	2.02	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
hygromycin b [no description available]	1.98	1	0
picrotoxinin picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.	2.08	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	4.93	12	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.	2.36	2	0	UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
preminent [no description available]	2.06	1	0
valbenazine valbenazine: inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2); used to treat tardive dyskinesia; structure in first source	17.08	71	16
lomibuvir lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity	4.41	1	1	thiophenecarboxylic acid
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	10.33	54	0
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; spiroketal	antagonist
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	1.94	1	0
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	2.07	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.35	2	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.1	1	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	6.71	10	1
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.67	3	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.44	2	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.	2.9	4	0
cgp 29287 CGP 29287: see also record for renin inhibitory peptide, statine	1.98	1	0
compstatin compstatin: binds to complement 3; amino acid sequence in first source	2.02	1	0
incb-018424 [no description available]	2.81	3	0	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans [no description available]	1.95	1	0
cobicistat [no description available]	6.01	2	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas	P450 inhibitor
bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.	23.89	688	128	biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative	antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
aspirin eugenol ester aspirin eugenol ester: has antineoplastic activity	2.15	1	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	2.7	3	0
tetrahydrozoline 2-methylserine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylserine zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-methylserine; major species at pH 7.3. 2-methylserine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is serine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-amino acid
guanidinosuccinic acid guanidinosuccinic acid: a metabolite in uremia; metabolic product of amino acid metabolism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-amidino-L-aspartate(1-) : Conjugate base of N-amidino-L-aspartate arising from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.65	3	0	L-alpha-amino acid anion
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	1.94	1	0
bi 201335 faldaprevir: inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease	4.4	3	0
plx4032 [no description available]	9.17	15	2	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.	1.99	1	0	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
n,n-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	4.29	4	1
baricitinib [no description available]	4.18	2	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
m&b 28,767 11-deoxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin E1: an EP3 agonist; RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*)))-isomer	1.99	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	7	39	0
6-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-methylsulfinyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone ML-265: a small molecule activator of PKM2	2.41	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.45	2	0
cort 108297 CORT 108297: a fused-ring azadecalin	2.08	1	0
dabrafenib [no description available]	7.01	8	1	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
jwh-122 (4-methyl-1-naphthyl)-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
3-[[4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylsulfonyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl]aniline [no description available]	2.41	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
grazoprevir grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	7.76	8	0	aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; carbamate ester; cyclopropanes; lactam; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; quinoxaline derivative	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
ur-144 (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
nitd008 NITD008: inhibits enterovirus 71	2.1	1	0
guanidinohydantoin guanidinohydantoin: structure in first source. 5-guanidinohydantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a guanidino group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	guanidines; imidazolidine-2,4-dione
abt-450 paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	21.38	268	81
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	1.94	1	0
tylosin [no description available]	8.07	5	0
fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.	3.52	8	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	21.75	392	64	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.	2	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	2.46	2	0
jadomycin b jadomycin B: structure given in first source; isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae. jadomycin B : A jadomycin that is jadomycin A in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 12 has been converted to the corresponding 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranoside, isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae. It exists as a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of both 3aS and 3aR isomers.	2.06	1	0	glycoside; jadomycin; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Aurora kinase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite
pf 3084014 nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.	11.5	38	7
bms 708163 BMS 708163: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
uridine diphosphate n-acetylgalactosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine(2-) : Dianion of UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine : A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.	2.67	3	0	nucleotide-sugar oxoanion	human metabolite
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	3.79	3	0
gyy 4137 GYY 4137: has vasodilator, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
adhyperforin adhyperforin: isolated from Hypericum perforatum; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
glpg0634 [no description available]	3.31	1	0
aripiprazole lauroxil [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; dodecanoate ester; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	H1-receptor antagonist; prodrug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
exforge hct Exforge HCT: Antihypertensive; a fixed dose combination of Amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide	3	4	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	3.35	7	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	11.29	25	20	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	5.68	81	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.86	4	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.46	2	0
neuromedin b neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord	1.97	1	0
2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucopyranose [no description available]	2.11	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	8.74	11	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	9.02	15	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.63	3	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.64	3	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	3.48	8	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.35	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	3.43	1	1	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	6.88	14	2	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	3.45	1	1	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
chrome azurol s chrome azurol S: reagent for beryllium determination spectrophotometrically	2.04	1	0
clorobiocin clorobiocin: chlorine-containing antibiotic related to novobiocin	2	1	0
streptolydigin streptolydigin: antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lydicus; active against gram-postive bacteria except micrococci; minor descriptor (75-87); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-87). streptolydigin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus.	2.03	1	0	bridged compound; cyclic ketal; enol; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-glycosyl compound; organic heterobicyclic compound; pyrrolidinone; spiro-epoxide	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor
dolutegravir [no description available]	5.4	2	2	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267 ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	21.64	282	81	aromatic amide; carbamate ester; dipeptide; pyrrolidines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333 dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	20.13	201	53	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; pyrimidone; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
hexaminecobalt (iii) trichloride hexaminecobalt (III) trichloride: structure	2.06	1	0
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2.73	3	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	3.86	12	0
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	2.73	3	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	1.94	1	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.73	3	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	4.63	26	0
miravirsen miravirsen: has antiviral activity; a 15-nucleotide locked nucleic acid-modified antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits miR-122	4.41	1	1
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.45	2	0	ketal
gsk2336805 GSK2336805: has antiviral activity	7.63	6	4
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.05	1	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
xlr-11 XLR-11: synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	2.55	2	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	4.24	5	0
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	13.18	64	3	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.	10.8	21	2	carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
plecanatide plecanatide: A uroguanylin analog and guanylate cyclase (GC-C receptor) agonist that activates receptors on gut epithelial cells to maintain barrier function, mucus production, and suppress inflammation. It is used in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders.	2.17	1	0
spiroiminodihydantoin spiroiminodihydantoin: structure in first source. spiroiminodihydantoin : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,6,8-tetraazaspiro[4.4]non-6-ene which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 4, and 9. Both enantiomers are highly mutagenic products resulting from the oxidation of guanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in DNA by reactive oxygen species.	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound	mutagen
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.86	4	0
olivine olivine: sand of primarily magnesium iron silicate, containing low levels of free silica; suggested as a less injurious substitute for silica quartz in foundries; RN in Chemline for unspecified composition: 1317-71-1	2.17	1	0
fv-100 FV-100: antiviral; potent and selective inhibitors of varicella zoster virus; structure in first source	4.45	1	1
1-pentyl-1h-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester: a recreational synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
mk-8742 elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	8.24	11	0	carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
n-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a cannabinoid receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
fructosylvaline fructosylvaline: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	9.11	15	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	3.07	5	0
glutaminase [no description available]	2.9	4	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.44	2	0
lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.	3.56	1	1
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	8.42	63	1
mvt 101 MVT 101: peptide inhibitor	1.99	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	3.04	5	0
scorpion toxin i, androctonus scorpion toxin I, Androctonus: from Androdoctonus australis Hector	1.97	1	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	3.61	2	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2	1	0
n-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a synthetic cannabinoid known as black mamba	3.27	1	0
n-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a street drug; structure in first source	5.85	15	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	6.04	16	2
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	3.82	2	1	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	2.02	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.	2.71	3	0
snx 482 SNX 482: from venom of tarantula, Hysterocrates gigas; amino acid sequence in first source	2.13	1	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	9.88	26	2	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	3.47	2	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.35	2	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	2.05	1	0
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	2.38	2	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	4.65	8	0
monensin b [no description available]	1.96	1	0
n-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a street drug; structure in first source	3.47	6	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	1.95	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	4.7	30	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	3.11	5	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	3.48	1	1
s 8932 [no description available]	3.41	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
benzylpenicilloic acid benzylpenicilloic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzylpenicilloic acid : A penicilloic acid where the side-chain N-acyl group is specified as phenylacetyl.	1.93	1	0
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	2.41	2	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	8.09	5	0
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	1.96	1	0
calciseptine calciseptine: amino acid sequence given in first source; specific blocker of the L-type calcium channel; from black mamba venom	2.01	1	0
margatoxin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
lysergic acid lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.	1.94	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	10.92	31	5
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	4.29	4	1
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	3.18	1	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	2.01	1	0
apicidin apicidin: structure in first source	7	1	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	3.8	1	1
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.03	1	0
danoprevir [no description available]	6.2	3	2
cmti-iii protein, cucurbita maxima CMTI protein, Cucurbita maxima: amino acid sequence given in first source	1.98	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	2.74	3	0
carboxypiperazinyl propylphosphonic acid carboxypiperazinyl propylphosphonic acid: a competitive NMDA receptor (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) antagonist	2.06	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	2.01	1	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.52	8	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	6.13	42	0
ribosomal protein l7-l12 [no description available]	1.97	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	3.42	7	0
n-(3-trimethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium N-(3-trimethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium: a red fluorescent dye	2.08	1	0
a 40926 A 40926: from Actinomadura; active against gram-positive bacteria & Neisseria gonorrhoeae	2.48	2	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	6.67	7	3
sb-590885 (Z)-SB-590885 : An N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine in which the oxime group has Z configuration.. (E)-SB-590885 : An N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine in which the oxime group has E configuration.	2.04	1	0	N-{5-[2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene}hydroxylamine
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	3.61	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	30.42	953	201	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	7.27	6	3	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	5.69	19	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	5.38	7	2	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.41	2	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
dihydrofolate dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.	1.97	1	0	dihydrofolic acids	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.02	14	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine pentaphosphate Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.	2.91	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.99	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	10	41	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	16.4	78	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	3.66	10	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.	5.27	17	0	guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	3.12	5	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.52	2	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	4.57	8	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine diphosphate Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	3.48	1	1	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	4.68	6	1	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	3.91	13	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	3.51	8	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.76	2	0
neopterin [no description available]	2	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.43	23	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	4.17	6	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	5.87	2	1	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	5.78	15	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	15.54	74	17	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	25.38	938	201	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	4.53	5	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	7.7	21	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer	2	1	0	benzamides; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.39	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
noc 7 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels	2.02	1	0
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	8.19	6	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	2.41	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
acyclovir triphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
diazeniumdiolate diazeniumdiolate: a class of nitric oxide (NO) donors; structure in first source. 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two ethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	2.25	1	0
cyclopropavir cyclopropavir: cyclopropavir is the (Z)-isomer; has antiviral activity; structure in first source	7.05	1	0
tak 491 azilsartan medoxomil: an azilsartan prodrug and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker. azilsartan medoxomil : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of azilsartan with the hydroxy group of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. A prodrug for azilsartan, it is used for treatment of hypertension.	6.09	3	2	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; carboxylic ester; cyclic carbonate ester; dioxolane	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; prodrug
buciclovir buciclovir: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	3.29	6	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.13	1	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	10.93	24	5	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
azilsartan azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.	4.37	1	1	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazolecarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	1.99	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	2.46	2	0	oxopurine
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	7.87	4	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	2.88	4	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	5.24	6	2	guanosines	biomarker
7-methylguanosine 7-methylguanosine : A positively charged methylguanosine in which a single methyl substituent is located at position 7.	1.95	1	0	methylguanosine; organic cation	metabolite
5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.	2.07	1	0
mocimycin mocimycin: induces GTPase activity of EF-TU; N-demethyl analog of antibiotic X-5108; structure	2.4	2	0	C-glycosyl compound
n(7)-hydroxyethylguanine [no description available]	4	4	0
paulomycin a paulomycin A: from Streptomyces paulus strain 273; MF C34-H46-N2-O17-S; see also paulomycin B	1.96	1	0
carbovir triphosphate carbovir triphosphate: metabolite of abacavir. carbovir triphosphate : The organic triphosphate that is the 5'-triphosphate of (-)-carbovir.	2.01	1	0	organic triphosphate
9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine: metabolite of acyclovir	2.95	4	0	oxopurine
nucleoside q Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.	2.02	1	0	7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
paulomycin b paulomycin B: from Streptomyces paulus strain 273; MF C33-H44-N2-O17-S; see also paulomycin A	1.96	1	0
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.02	1	0
relacin relacin: a RelA protein inhibitor and antibacterial agent; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.36	2	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	1.98	1	0
eye [no description available]	8.78	11	0
lacticin 481 lacticin 481: amino acid sequence given in first source; a lantibiotic; GenBank X71410 (L. lactis)	2.02	1	0
molnupiravir molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog. molnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.	2.31	1	0	isopropyl ester; ketoxime; nucleoside analogue	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	2.37	2	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.88	4	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	8.46	8	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.45	2	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	2.02	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	5.13	15	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	2.4	2	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	4.82	7	1
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	7.22	11	1
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.68	3	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	7.19	10	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	12.19	10	1
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	3.11	4	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	26.02	914	261
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	26.02	914	261
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	16.86	336	10
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	3.54	7	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	20.85	258	67
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	19.33	207	53
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	20.85	258	67
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	19.33	207	53
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	3.54	7	0
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.	2.31	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	4.84	6	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	4.84	6	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	19.18	203	68
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	19.18	203	68
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	17.08	247	14
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	9.51	54	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	9.98	63	1
Adenitis [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	5.43	9	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	9.51	54	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	9.98	63	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	7.44	14	7
Chronic Illness [description not available]	16.25	88	23
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	4.56	9	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	16.25	88	23
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	3.15	5	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	4.56	9	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.98	4	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	7.49	26	2
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	6.7	21	1
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	12.49	26	2
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	6.7	21	1
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	5.13	3	1
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	5.13	3	1
Weight Reduction [description not available]	6.62	10	2
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	13.61	68	12
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	11.62	10	2
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	4.9	5	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.	2.31	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.31	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	25.67	806	429
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	14.88	80	9
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	30.67	806	429
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	14.88	80	9
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	10.81	245	1
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	2.41	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	13.3	96	5
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	18.3	96	5
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	12.65	48	11
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	20.75	237	92
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	20.75	237	92
Eye Disorders [description not available]	4.35	7	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	4.35	7	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	4.58	5	1
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	9.04	84	0
Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing [description not available]	4.71	9	0
Leigh Disease A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).	9.71	9	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	19.16	192	74
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	19.16	192	74
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	5.9	9	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	19.69	75	20
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	5.9	9	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	14.69	75	20
Latent Tuberculosis The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.	2.41	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	8.37	7	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	10.89	9	1
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	5	14	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	12.24	65	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	7.98	43	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	7.24	65	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	7.98	43	0
Anasarca [description not available]	8.39	14	6
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	8.39	14	6
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	10.31	44	8
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	14.91	110	17
Tetraploid [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	7.08	7	3
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	8.24	18	1
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	7.08	7	3
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	8.24	18	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	18.75	118	47
Cyst [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	5.27	11	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2.68	3	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	2.99	4	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	5.27	11	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	11.49	53	6
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	3.89	10	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	11.49	53	6
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	3.89	10	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	4	2	1
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	6.66	11	2
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	6.66	11	2
Aura [description not available]	6.52	45	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	8.14	53	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	6.52	45	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	8.14	53	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	4.18	3	1
Leanness [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Luft Disease [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	4.95	14	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	4.97	15	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	4.95	14	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	4.97	15	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	2.41	1	0
Mitochondrial Myopathies A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.	2.41	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	7.7	23	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	4.41	7	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	4.94	14	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.7	23	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	4.41	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.94	14	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	3.44	7	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	2.41	1	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	4.45	4	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	7.93	4	3
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	4.45	4	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	7.93	4	3
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	15.78	76	26
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	15.78	76	26
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	5.58	69	0
Familial Fatal Insomnia [description not available]	3	4	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	10.99	26	1
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	5.58	69	0
Masked Hypertension Phenomenon where increased BLOOD PRESSURE readings taken in non-clinical settings (e.g., HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING) do not replicate in clinical settings.	2.55	2	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	3.71	9	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	20.04	196	82
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	2.41	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.71	3	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	8.58	115	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	8.58	115	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	3.8	1	1
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	3.8	1	1
Cerebral Malaria [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	9.73	38	4
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	9.73	38	4
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	4.11	5	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	4.34	7	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	4.45	8	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	7.41	10	2
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	4.45	8	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	12.41	10	2
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	4.11	5	0
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	2.78	3	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.	2.41	1	0
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	2.41	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	6.6	78	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	4.87	12	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	4.87	12	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	4.01	5	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	5.69	7	1
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	4.01	5	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	5.69	7	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	7.15	11	2
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.15	11	2
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	3.33	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	5.44	5	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	5.44	5	1
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	4.61	10	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	3.52	4	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	10.7	27	6
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	13.23	62	7
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	10.7	27	6
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	20.91	114	6
Clonorchiasis Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.41	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	5.13	18	0
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	3.6	2	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	10.34	28	5
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	10.34	28	5
Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Desmoid [description not available]	6.69	6	3
Fibromatosis, Aggressive A childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body but do not metastasize. The adult form of abdominal fibromatosis is FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL. (Stedman, 25th ed)	6.69	6	3
Apoplexy [description not available]	12.75	43	8
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	4.17	6	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	4.17	6	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	12.75	43	8
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	2.6	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	4.93	8	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	4.93	8	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	2.46	2	0
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	3.77	3	0
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	8.77	3	0
Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.52	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.89	4	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	8.96	28	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	8.96	28	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	3.16	5	0
Abnormal Spermatozoa [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	3.35	7	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	3.25	6	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	3.35	7	0
Acidemia Propionic [description not available]	4.46	4	0
Propionic Acidemia Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.	4.46	4	0
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	9.85	11	7
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	9.85	11	7
Fetal Macrosomia A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.	2.6	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	6.5	9	2
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	11.5	9	2
Preterm Birth [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.	2.69	3	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.59	2	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	10.29	12	1
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	5.29	12	1
Sterility, Female [description not available]	4.55	5	1
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	4.55	5	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.61	2	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.21	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	10.58	16	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	5.58	16	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	12.48	47	10
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	12.48	47	10
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	13.23	31	15
Tardive Dystonia [description not available]	17.89	76	35
Tardive Dyskinesia Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE).	17.89	76	35
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	13.23	31	15
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	3.13	4	0
Metastase [description not available]	7.1	12	1
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	7.1	12	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	8.06	32	1
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	7.72	22	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	13.06	32	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	7.72	22	1
Amyloid Angiopathy, Cerebral [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)	2.21	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	5.32	4	1
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	4.75	6	1
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	5.32	4	1
Co-infection [description not available]	15.12	64	22
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	5.21	12	0
Cholecystolithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.	2.21	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	5.21	12	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	15.06	67	18
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	9.5	26	3
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	2.39	2	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	9.6	30	4
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	9.6	30	4
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	17.73	109	42
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	17.73	109	42
Lassitude [description not available]	7.49	10	5
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	12.47	29	16
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	12.49	10	5
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	12.47	29	16
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	12.63	32	14
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	12.63	32	14
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	4.84	7	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	4.84	7	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	3.53	8	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	3.59	8	0
Affective Disorders, Psychotic Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.	5.31	4	1
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	2.46	2	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	9.94	25	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	10.89	46	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	10.89	46	1
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Anemia With Multinucleated Erythroblasts [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	6.27	7	2
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	6.27	7	2
Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)	2.25	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	4.76	11	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	4.76	11	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	8.29	20	2
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	7.02	17	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	8.24	37	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	8.29	20	2
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	8.24	37	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	3.54	8	0
Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.	5.06	8	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	3.54	8	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.19	5	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	3.19	5	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	9.12	32	2
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	9.12	32	2
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	4.62	9	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	4.62	9	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	10.72	35	3
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	10.72	35	3
Affective Disorders [description not available]	11.92	29	16
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	17.66	159	31
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	22.66	159	31
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	11.92	29	16
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	8.06	20	2
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	8.06	20	2
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	6.89	14	1
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	6.89	14	1
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	3.29	6	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	9.96	30	4
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	9.96	30	4
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	5.04	3	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	4.34	7	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	5.04	3	1
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	4.34	7	0
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Rift Valley Fever An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.	2.25	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.77	3	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	4.68	4	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.31	7	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.31	7	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	4.68	4	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	7.88	16	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	10.52	108	5
Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular A thyroid neoplasm of mixed papillary and follicular arrangement. Its biological behavior and prognosis is the same as that of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1271)	2.25	1	0
TDP-43 Proteinopathies Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.	2.25	1	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	4.43	4	1
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	10.32	22	11
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	10.32	22	11
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	4.43	4	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	14.67	218	12
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	2.55	2	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	5.25	3	3
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	6.46	5	3
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	5.25	3	3
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	14.24	41	9
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	2.5	2	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	4.51	5	1
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	4.51	5	1
Cretinism [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	2.31	1	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.25	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.96	4	0
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)	2.31	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	7.69	27	1
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	7.69	27	1
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	5.86	8	1
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.21	5	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	7.15	20	1
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	7.15	20	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	5.83	38	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	5.15	17	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.31	1	0
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	3.23	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	4.68	11	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	6.7	22	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	6.7	22	1
Habit Chorea [description not available]	4.15	1	0
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available]	6.25	6	0
Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)	6.25	6	0
Tics Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)	4.15	1	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	3.37	7	0
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	2.4	2	0
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.	2.4	2	0
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	2.31	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	8.74	23	2
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.31	1	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	7.58	8	3
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	3.89	12	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	3.89	12	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	7.58	8	3
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	4.35	20	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	4.35	20	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	3.32	6	0
Debility [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Psychoses [description not available]	14.47	50	24
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	14.47	50	24
Arachnidism [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Exanthem [description not available]	5.34	12	1
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	16.84	142	22
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	5.34	12	1
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.98	4	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	16.84	142	22
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	5.12	10	1
Erythro et Keratodermia Variabilis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Axonal Injury, Diffuse [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.57	2	0
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	18.13	119	35
Embryopathies [description not available]	7.61	9	1
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	18.13	119	35
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	13.75	50	15
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	14.63	59	22
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	2.95	4	0
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.	4.45	1	1
DDD MPGNII [description not available]	4.08	5	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.	4.08	5	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	3.31	6	0
Congenital Varicella Syndrome [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Acute Retinal Necrosis [description not available]	6.82	32	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	3.31	6	0
Incipient Schizophrenia [description not available]	5.69	10	2
Schizotypal Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.	5.69	10	2
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	18.24	50	1
Mouth Ulcer [description not available]	4.06	5	0
Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)	4.06	5	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	8.31	11	4
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	8.31	11	4
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	2.52	2	0
Ache [description not available]	14.66	69	11
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	14.66	69	11
Amyloid Neuropathies Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)	3.8	11	0
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available]	9.62	39	2
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.	9.62	39	2
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	8.65	11	2
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	5.39	2	2
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	3.56	8	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	3.56	8	0
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	4.13	5	0
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease A mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet. It is caused by coxsackieviruses A.	4.13	5	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	4.66	10	0
Shingles [description not available]	17.92	166	24
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	17.92	166	24
Acute Idiopathic Facial Neuropathy [description not available]	12.61	42	9
Bell Palsy A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)	12.61	42	9
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Aseptic Meningitis [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	3.33	2	0
Meningitis, Aseptic A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)	3.64	3	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	4.51	24	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	4.51	24	0
Genital Herpes [description not available]	20.16	169	65
Herpes Genitalis Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.	20.16	169	65
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	5.96	9	1
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	2.15	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	6.64	16	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	6.64	16	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	3.9	2	1
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	2.57	2	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	5.74	7	1
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	8.58	19	9
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	5.74	7	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	7.36	19	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	7.36	19	0
Allodynia [description not available]	4	13	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.17	1	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Bleeding [description not available]	5.84	8	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	5.84	8	1
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	2.49	2	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available]	4.17	3	0
Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis, Herpetic [description not available]	8.11	11	2
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)	8.11	11	2
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid A tumor of medium-to-large veins, composed of plump-to-spindled endothelial cells that bulge into vascular spaces in a tombstone-like fashion. These tumors are thought to have borderline aggression, where one-third develop local recurrences, but only rarely metastasize. It is unclear whether the epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is truly neoplastic or an exuberant tissue reaction, nor is it clear if this is equivalent to Kimura's disease (see ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.15	1	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	2.75	3	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	3.71	3	0
Alogia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.	2.15	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	11.03	56	6
Adverse Effects, Long Term [description not available]	9.76	9	9
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Devic Disease [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.	2.15	1	0
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.	2.75	3	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	5.28	6	2
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	5.28	6	2
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	8.67	30	2
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	8.67	30	2
Pyrexia [description not available]	6.1	11	1
B Virus Infection [description not available]	12.6	44	6
Equine Diseases [description not available]	4.5	5	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	6.1	11	1
Itching [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	3.02	4	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	8	10	2
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	8	10	2
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	6.62	38	0
CBS Deficiency [description not available]	5.45	11	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	6.77	28	0
Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)	5.45	11	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	6.77	28	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	3.46	2	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	3.46	2	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	6.03	25	1
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.43	2	0
Acne Inversa [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hidradenitis Suppurativa A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.	2.17	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	6.31	37	0
Erythremia [description not available]	6.84	23	1
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia [description not available]	4.36	19	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	6.84	23	1
Thrombocythemia, Essential A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.	4.36	19	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	7.94	11	1
Granulomatosis, Lipid [description not available]	8.58	12	2
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	7.94	11	1
Erdheim-Chester Disease A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.	8.58	12	2
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	4.66	6	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	4.07	14	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	4.66	6	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	3.44	2	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	3.44	2	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	3.36	2	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	8.62	31	2
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	8.62	31	2
Astrocytosis [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	9.24	20	3
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	14.24	20	3
Grippe [description not available]	4.3	7	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	4.3	7	0
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)	3.64	3	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	3.44	8	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	3.44	8	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	5.9	14	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.	2.52	2	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.78	3	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy [description not available]	8.96	8	4
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	3.42	2	0
Vestibular Neuronitis Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)	8.96	8	4
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	8.56	34	2
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	8.56	34	2
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	2.98	4	0
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	2.47	2	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	4.8	7	1
Herpes Zoster, Ocular [description not available]	10.04	33	2
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	4.8	7	1
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve.	10.04	33	2
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	6.51	9	2
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	6.51	9	2
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	16.49	49	27
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	4.64	10	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	8.42	30	2
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	4.64	10	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	8.42	30	2
Nerve Pain [description not available]	8.73	16	2
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	8.73	16	2
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	6.53	10	1
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	6.53	10	1
Inclusion Body Myopathy, Sporadic [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Myositis, Inclusion Body Progressive myopathies characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. Sporadic and hereditary forms have been described. The sporadic form is an acquired, adult-onset inflammatory vacuolar myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles. Familial forms usually begin in childhood and lack inflammatory changes. Both forms feature intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in muscle tissue. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1409-10)	2.74	3	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	2.17	1	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	2.17	1	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	2.17	1	0
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	3.56	8	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	4.37	7	0
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	3.56	8	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	4.37	7	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.57	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3.52	8	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	4.73	11	0
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Acute Symptom Flare [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	4.36	4	1
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	4.36	4	1
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.	2.17	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.17	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	4.29	6	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	4.29	6	0
Enterocele An intestinal HERNIA.	2.17	1	0
Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.	2.17	1	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	6.63	12	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	6.63	12	0
ADDH [description not available]	8.78	23	2
Autism [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	10.85	47	5
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	8.78	23	2
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.49	2	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	15.85	47	5
Collodion Baby Syndrome [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Ichthyosis, Lamellar A chronic, congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Infants are usually born encased in a collodion membrane which sheds within a few weeks. Scaling is generalized and marked with grayish-brown quadrilateral scales, adherent at their centers and free at the edges. In some cases, scales are so thick that they resemble armored plate.	2.17	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	4.22	3	1
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	4.22	3	1
Infection [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	3.47	8	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	12.19	25	12
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	12.19	25	12
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	16.17	72	42
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	6.41	16	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	6.41	16	1
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	2.71	3	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	2.17	1	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	3.09	1	0
Amentia [description not available]	5.04	15	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	5.04	15	0
Bechterew Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	2.4	2	0
Spondylarthropathies Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	2.21	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	6.55	10	2
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	6.55	10	2
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	3.15	5	0
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	3.12	1	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	16.89	23	14
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	11.89	23	14
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	3.12	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.81	3	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	7.95	4	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	17.7	158	42
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	22.7	158	42
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	5.21	6	2
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult.	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	10.35	26	7
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	10.35	26	7
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	4.56	9	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	9.56	9	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	3.33	6	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.95	29	1
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	7.95	29	1
AIDS Nephropathy [description not available]	2.21	1	0
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.	2.21	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	2.17	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.21	1	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	5.7	20	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	5.7	20	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.21	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	11.38	22	6
Enterically-Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hepatitis E Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.	2.25	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	4.48	9	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	3.92	12	0
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	3.92	12	0
Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).	5.61	6	1
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	3.88	4	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	3.88	4	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Alpha Virus Infections [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2.77	3	0
Astroblastoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Ganglioglioma Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.	2.51	2	0
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)	2.08	1	0
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	3.65	9	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	3.65	9	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	5.24	6	2
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	5.24	6	2
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	3.43	7	0
Meningitis, Viral Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)	6.06	10	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.18	16	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.7	3	2
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	6.17	30	0
Cold Sore [description not available]	13.35	34	6
Herpes Labialis Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	13.35	34	6
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	2.44	2	0
Glucose Metabolic Disorder [description not available]	5.66	3	2
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	7.28	6	1
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	5.43	5	1
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	5.43	5	1
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.39	2	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	10.57	33	1
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	2.87	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.49	2	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	4.67	3	2
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	4.67	3	2
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	7.14	9	4
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	7.14	9	4
Anodontia Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.49	2	0
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.72	3	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	3.16	5	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	4.34	4	1
Chorioretinitis Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.	2.8	3	0
Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.	2.47	2	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	4	14	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	2.49	2	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	3.68	3	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	3.68	3	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	13.83	40	37
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	13.83	40	37
Gingivostomatitis, Herpetic [description not available]	8.06	11	1
Stomatitis, Herpetic Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.	8.06	11	1
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	7.56	4	2
Erythema Nodosum An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.	2.08	1	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	4.94	8	1
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	4.94	8	1
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	2.08	1	0
Congenital Fissure of the Abdominal Cavity [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Gastroschisis A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.	2.08	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	7.21	13	3
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	7.21	13	3
CACH Syndrome [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Cervical Dystonia A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.	2.08	1	0
Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.	2.08	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	10.21	11	1
Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	2.08	1	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.	2.08	1	0
Goiter, Intrathoracic A goiter that grows behind the STERNUM and CLAVICLE.	2.08	1	0
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	2.47	2	0
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.	2.08	1	0
Encephalopathy, Subacute Spongiform, Gerstmann-Straussler Type [description not available]	3.39	7	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	8.68	17	11
Dysphagia [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.8	3	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	3.01	4	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	6.62	10	2
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	6.62	10	2
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.97	4	0
Eye Infections, Viral Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.	8.57	34	0
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.	2.47	2	0
Lichen Planus, Oral Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)	2.08	1	0
Immune Reconstitution Disease [description not available]	4.78	2	1
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	3.16	5	0
Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.	2.08	1	0
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	2.99	4	0
Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt [description not available]	4.21	6	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	6.23	21	0
Postherpetic Neuralgia [description not available]	11.88	23	6
Neuralgia, Postherpetic Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists.	11.88	23	6
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	3.02	4	0
Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis A form of systemic mastocytosis in which patients have impaired organ functions due to multifocal infiltrates of pathological MAST CELLS in bone marrow, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, or skeletal system. The cytomorphology shows a low to high grade.	2.75	3	0
Spider Veins [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.	2.08	1	0
Mastocytosis, Systemic A group of disorders caused by the abnormal proliferation of MAST CELLS in a variety of extracutaneous tissues including bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. Systemic mastocytosis is commonly seen in adults. These diseases are categorized on the basis of clinical features, pathologic findings, and prognosis.	2.75	3	0
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	9	10	6
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	9	10	6
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	3.18	5	0
Eczema Herpeticum [description not available]	4.76	11	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	3.18	5	0
Gambling, Pathologic [description not available]	4.14	3	1
Gambling An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.	4.14	3	1
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	2.38	2	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	2.08	1	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.08	1	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.08	1	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2.45	2	0
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	3.67	9	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	3.67	9	0
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.	2.93	4	0
Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	2.08	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	5.62	18	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	10.62	18	1
Berger Disease [description not available]	7.11	7	5
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	7.11	7	5
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	4.45	8	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	4.45	8	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	5.12	16	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	8.19	16	3
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	3	1	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	8.19	16	3
Episcleritis [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Scleritis Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.	2.48	2	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	4.36	4	1
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	3.63	3	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.08	1	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	9.3	18	7
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	9.3	18	7
Encephalitis, Herpes Zoster [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	2.5	2	0
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.1	1	0
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.	2.1	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	3.72	10	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.72	10	0
Cancer of ILEUM [description not available]	2.08	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	7.92	17	3
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	7.92	17	3
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.1	1	0
Mental Retardation, X-Linked A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).	2.1	1	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	4.09	5	0
Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	4.09	5	0
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	6.15	4	1
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	6.15	4	1
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	9.57	19	6
Disseminated Fusariosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.42	2	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	5.68	10	0
Fungemia The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.	2.1	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.42	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	3.09	5	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	5.68	10	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	2.73	3	0
Fusariosis OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.	2.1	1	0
Febrile Neutropenia Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.	2.1	1	0
Congenital Stiff-Man Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Stiff-Person Syndrome A condition characterized by persistent spasms (SPASM) involving multiple muscles, primarily in the lower limbs and trunk. The illness tends to occur in the fourth to sixth decade of life, presenting with intermittent spasms that become continuous. Minor sensory stimuli, such as noise and light touch, precipitate severe spasms. Spasms do not occur during sleep and only rarely involve cranial muscles. Respiration may become impaired in advanced cases. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1492; Neurology 1998 Jul;51(1):85-93)	2.1	1	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	2.66	3	0
Chicken Pox [description not available]	9.66	28	2
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.	4.28	2	0
Chickenpox A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	9.66	28	2
Refractory Depression [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	3.64	3	0
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)	3.42	2	0
Diastolic Heart Failure [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Heart Failure, Diastolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial relaxation during DIASTOLE leading to defective cardiac filling.	2.75	3	0
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Skin Diseases, Viral Skin diseases caused by viruses.	4.52	5	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	2.1	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	5.65	30	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	4.74	11	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	10.65	30	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	4.74	11	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Nevus of Ota A macular lesion on the side of the FACE, involving the CONJUNCTIVA and EYELIDS, as well as the adjacent facial skin, SCLERA; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; and PERIOSTEUM. Histological features vary from those of a MONGOLIAN SPOT to those of a BLUE NEVUS.	2.1	1	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	2.1	1	0
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	2.45	2	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	4.05	3	1
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	12.83	49	19
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	12.83	49	19
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	10.47	48	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	10.47	48	1
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	6.87	13	2
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	6.87	13	2
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	2.69	3	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	4.48	8	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.1	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	2.91	4	0
Blepharospasm Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.	2.1	1	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	3.57	8	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	6.53	6	1
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	6.53	6	1
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	4.76	7	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	4.76	7	1
Anterior Fascicular Block [description not available]	4.91	4	2
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	3.34	7	0
HIGM2 Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	6.05	15	2
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	6.05	15	2
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	4.64	10	0
Diseases of Pharynx [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	4.64	10	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	3.44	7	0
Bleb [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	4.14	16	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.48	2	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	2.49	2	0
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.9	4	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	2.38	2	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	3.11	5	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	7.38	2	0
Angiomyolipoma A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney with smooth muscle elements (angiolipoleiomyoma) in association with tuberous sclerosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.1	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	2.47	2	0
Channelopathies A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS.	2.1	1	0
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	2.95	4	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2.8	3	0
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	6.28	10	4
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	6.28	10	4
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	2.46	2	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	4.28	7	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	4.28	7	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	5.07	3	1
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	2.1	1	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	2.1	1	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Encephalopathy, Hypertensive [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Generalized Resistance To 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets A hereditary disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. Autosomal and X-linked dominant and recessive variants have been reported.	2.1	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	6.53	11	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	6.53	11	1
Diathesis [description not available]	5.42	14	1
Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).	2.1	1	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Cranial Nerve V Diseases [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	3.03	1	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	3.68	3	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	3.68	3	0
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.	3.7	3	0
Emesis [description not available]	6.69	8	3
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	7.19	10	4
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	7.32	9	3
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	5.45	5	3
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	6.69	8	3
Menstruation, Painful [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation.	2.52	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	3.26	6	0
Hydroa Vacciniforme A vesicular and bullous eruption having a tendency to recur in summer during childhood and commonly appearing on sun-exposed skin. The lesions are surrounded by an erythematous zone and resemble a vaccination. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.77	3	0
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	5.7	2	1
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	5.7	2	1
Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	2.67	3	0
Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.	2.1	1	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	2.11	1	0
Ameloblastoma An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.	2.11	1	0
Atrial Remodeling Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.	2.11	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	3.88	2	1
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	3.88	2	1
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	4.13	16	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	4.13	16	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.76	3	0
Aldosteronism [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	2.69	3	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.91	4	0
Genital Warts [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.	3.03	1	0
Chancre The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.	3.03	1	0
Skin Syphilis [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Condylomata Acuminata Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.	3.03	1	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Familial Gestational Spontaneous [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	2.11	1	0
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.	2.11	1	0
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	3.4	2	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	6.42	9	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	6.42	9	1
Harelip [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	3.14	5	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	3.14	5	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Bone Marrow Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.	3.32	6	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	6.08	6	1
Bernard Syndrome [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids.	2.79	3	0
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	4.3	4	1
Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)	2.46	2	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Cardio-Renal Syndrome Condition where a primary dysfunction of either heart or kidney results in failure of the other organ (e.g., HEART FAILURE with worsening RENAL INSUFFICIENCY).	2.11	1	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Isolated Non-compaction of the Ventricular Myocardium [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	3.62	3	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	2.76	3	0
Systolic Heart Failure [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.	2.11	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	3.03	1	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Hoarseness An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.	2.11	1	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	2.11	1	0
Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.	2.48	2	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.11	1	0
Cervicitis [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Uterine Cervicitis Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.52	2	0
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.	2.11	1	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	4.35	4	1
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	4.35	4	1
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	6.87	11	1
Angiitis, Central Nervous System [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	3.03	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	3.29	2	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	3.03	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	6.87	11	1
Brachydactylia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Panic Attacks [description not available]	5.6	6	1
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	5.6	6	1
Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	5.4	2	2
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	2.69	3	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	6.78	8	3
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	6.78	8	3
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.11	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	2.11	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	3.14	5	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.	2.11	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	8.53	9	6
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	8.53	9	6
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.15	1	0
MEA 2a [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	2.72	3	0
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	5.05	3	1
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.49	2	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	4.59	10	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	4.59	10	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	2.89	4	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	7.46	17	1
ARC [description not available]	2.42	2	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	2.42	2	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	2.13	1	0
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	2.11	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.49	2	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	3.84	4	0
Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available]	3.45	2	0
Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)	3.45	2	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	3.84	4	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	3.04	1	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	5.12	6	0
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.	2.13	1	0
Impotence [description not available]	7.33	9	1
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	7.33	9	1
Phlegmon [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	2.13	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.13	1	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)	2.11	1	0
Distal Muscular Dystrophies [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Distal Myopathies A heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY and MUSCLE WEAKNESS beginning in the hands, the legs, or the feet. Most are adult-onset autosomal dominant forms. Others are autosomal recessive.	2.46	2	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	2.13	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.7	3	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	3.7	3	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	3.45	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	4.9	8	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	4.9	8	1
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.49	2	0
Sycosis [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.	3.29	6	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	4.06	5	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.42	2	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	2.13	1	0
Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	3.9	4	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	4.57	5	1
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	3.9	4	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	4.57	5	1
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	2.13	1	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	2.13	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	2.13	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	13.08	32	13
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	3.04	1	0
Congenital Myasthenia [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7)	2.46	2	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	2.95	4	0
ANCA-Associated Vasculitides [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis Group of systemic vasculitis with a strong association with ANCA. The disorders are characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small and medium size vessels, with little or no immune-complex deposits in vessel walls.	4.43	1	1
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	3.14	5	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	2.13	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	3.6	9	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.7	3	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	2.42	2	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	2.69	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	4.28	19	0
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	3.22	6	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	2.74	3	0
22q11 Deletion Syndrome Condition with a variable constellation of phenotypes due to deletion polymorphisms at chromosome location 22q11. It encompasses several syndromes with overlapping abnormalities including the DIGEORGE SYNDROME, VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME, and CONOTRUNCAL AMOMALY FACE SYNDROME. In addition, variable developmental problems and schizoid features are also associated with this syndrome. (From BMC Med Genet. 2009 Feb 25;10:16) Not all deletions at 22q11 result in the 22q11deletion syndrome.	2.78	3	0
Cranial Nerve Diseases Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.	2.46	2	0
Zoster Sine Eruptione [description not available]	3.39	2	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	2.77	3	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	2.15	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.13	1	0
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	2.77	3	0
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.15	1	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	2.77	3	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	7.73	3	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	2.49	2	0
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.72	3	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	2.73	3	0
Genital Tract Infections [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Infections, Roseolovirus [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Deficiency, Yang [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Synkinesis An involuntary movement accompanying a volitional movement. It often refers to facial movements that accompany FACIAL PARALYSIS.	3.53	1	1
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	3.61	3	0
Edema, Fetal [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Agyria [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Hydramnios [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Porencephaly Type 1 [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Oligohydramnios A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY.	3.42	2	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	6.62	6	1
Lethargy A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.	3.06	1	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	2.98	4	0
Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral [description not available]	3.66	3	0
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.	2.15	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.15	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	2.15	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.44	2	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	2.15	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	3.42	2	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	3.16	5	0
Calculosis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.15	1	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	2.38	2	0
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available]	5.21	4	1
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.	5.21	4	1
Burnout, Professional An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.	2.04	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	5.8	4	2
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	4.34	1	1
Adipocere [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	4.2	17	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.42	7	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	4.2	17	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.42	7	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.42	2	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	7.61	25	1
Leukoma [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	2.44	2	0
Light Sensitivity [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Amnesia, Transient Global A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)	2.04	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	3.3	6	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.04	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.42	2	0
Amyloidosis, Hereditary [description not available]	3.65	3	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	2.04	1	0
Amyloidosis, Familial Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.	3.65	3	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	12.58	29	1
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	3.7	10	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.7	3	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.7	3	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	3.43	1	1
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Granuloma Gangraenescens [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Granuloma, Lethal Midline A condition that is characterized by inflammation, ulceration, and perforation of the nose and the PALATE with progressive destruction of midline facial structures. This syndrome can be manifested in several diseases including the nasal type of EXTRANODAL NK-T-CELL LYMPHOMA and GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS.	2.04	1	0
Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.04	1	0
Vasculitis, Retinal [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Vision, Diminished [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Retinal Vasculitis Inflammation of the retinal vasculature with various causes including infectious disease; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; BEHCET SYNDROME; and CHORIORETINITIS.	2.46	2	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	2.72	3	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	14.02	57	20
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	14.02	57	20
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.04	1	0
Leukostasis Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.	2.05	1	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	2.05	1	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	3.37	7	0
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)	2.72	3	0
Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	5.13	7	0
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).	5.13	7	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	2.45	2	0
Capdepont Teeth [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.	2.05	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 10 [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Factor X Deficiency Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.	2.05	1	0
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	2.05	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	2.71	3	0
Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Erythermalgia [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Erythromelalgia A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.	3.14	5	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	3.38	2	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	2.05	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	4.78	12	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	5.7	7	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.24	6	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	5.7	7	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.24	6	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	2.71	3	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.05	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hiccough [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	2.05	1	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	2.05	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Ph 1 Chromosome [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	2.05	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	9.44	18	4
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	9.44	18	4
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	6.36	5	3
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	7.42	10	3
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	6.36	5	3
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Hives [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	2.43	2	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	2.71	3	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	2.05	1	0
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	2.05	1	0
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Earache Pain in the ear.	4.74	2	1
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	3.43	1	1
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	4.07	3	1
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	4.07	3	1
Chromosomal Instability An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.	2.05	1	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	2.46	2	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	2.74	3	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	2.94	4	0
Hyperplasia, Reactive Lymphoid [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	2.45	2	0
Disorder, Borderline Personality [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Borderline Personality Disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)	2.46	2	0
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Rheumatoid Vasculitis Necrotizing VASCULITIS of small and medium size vessels, developing as a complication in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients. It is characterized by peripheral vascular lesions, cutaneous ULCERS, peripheral GANGRENE, and MONONEURITIS MULTIPLEX.	2.05	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.47	2	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	4.54	5	1
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	2.96	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.71	3	0
Bites [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	2.05	1	0
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.	2.05	1	0
Primate Diseases Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.05	1	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	2.05	1	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	3.43	1	1
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	2.05	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	2.05	1	0
Ecchymosis Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.	2.05	1	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	2.44	2	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	2.05	1	0
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	2.05	1	0
Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.	2.04	1	0
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	3.62	3	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Carditis [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.9	4	0
Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	2.05	1	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	4.34	4	1
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	4.34	4	1
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2.37	2	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	2.37	2	0
Acrodermatitis Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.	8.84	4	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.88	4	0
Extrasystole, Ventricular [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Human Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adenovirus Infections, Human Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.	2.05	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	2.46	2	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	4.74	2	1
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	4.74	2	1
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	3.1	5	0
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Aneurysm, Bacterial [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.97	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.05	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2.38	2	0
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.	2.76	3	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	2.05	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	3.36	2	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	8.1	5	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	3.1	5	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	2.42	2	0
48,XXYY Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Klinefelter Syndrome A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).	2.05	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	3.13	5	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	2.68	3	0
Acathisia, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.42	2	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	3.87	12	0
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.	2.05	1	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	2.05	1	0
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	2.44	2	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	3.36	7	0
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.05	1	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	5.94	42	0
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	2.06	1	0
Adult GM1 Gangliosidosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gangliosidosis, GM1 An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the absence or deficiency of BETA-GALACTOSIDASE. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of G(M1) GANGLIOSIDE and oligosaccharides, primarily in neurons of the central nervous system. The infantile form is characterized by MUSCLE HYPOTONIA, poor psychomotor development, HIRSUTISM, hepatosplenomegaly, and facial abnormalities. The juvenile form features HYPERACUSIS; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. The adult form features progressive DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; and MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp96-7)	2.05	1	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	3.44	1	1
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	3.44	1	1
Cardiac Rupture, Post-Infarction [description not available]	3.44	1	1
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.67	3	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	2.73	3	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.45	2	0
Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.	2.05	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.59	9	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	4.03	15	0
Autonomic Failure, Pure [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	4.03	15	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	4.1	3	1
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	4.1	3	1
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	2.76	3	0
Microglossia [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Hypophosphatasia A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	7.72	3	0
Deafness, Sudden Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days.	5.44	5	1
Acquired Facial Neuropathy [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Auricular Cancer [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Angioleiomyoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).	2.05	1	0
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	2.97	1	0
Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA.	3.63	3	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	5.57	6	1
Attrition, Dental [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Amelogenesis Imperfecta A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.	2.05	1	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	2.05	1	0
Dentin Dysplasia An apparently hereditary disorder of dentin formation, marked by a normal appearance of coronal dentin associated with pulpal obliteration, faulty root formation, and a tendency for peripheral lesions without obvious cause. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.47	2	0
Corneal Edema An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.	2.47	2	0
Panuveitis Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved.	2.45	2	0
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	2.06	1	0
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	7.89	5	5
Isolated Clinic Hypertension [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	2.06	1	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	4.1	3	1
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	4.1	3	1
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	2.06	1	0
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	2.06	1	0
Christmas Disease [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)	3.37	7	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	5.83	23	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	5.83	23	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	2.06	1	0
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	2.38	2	0
Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.	2.45	2	0
Infections, RNA Virus [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	2.06	1	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	2.7	3	0
Facial Asymmetry Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.	2.06	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.06	1	0
Abortion, Recurrent [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.	2.44	2	0
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.	2.99	1	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	2.99	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	2.06	1	0
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.	2.45	2	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	4.06	3	1
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	4.06	3	1
Eulenburg Disease [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Myotonic Disorders Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.	2.06	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	2.06	1	0
Headache, Tension [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.06	1	0
Acantholysis Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of the prickle cell layer. It is seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (see PEMPHIGUS) and DARIER DISEASE.	2.06	1	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	2.67	3	0
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug.	2.06	1	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	4.37	8	0
Anhidridic Ectodermal Dysplasia, Autosomal Recessive [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	2.74	3	0
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	2.06	1	0
Alexander Disease Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.	2.73	3	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.44	2	0
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.	2.47	2	0
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)	2.46	2	0
MELAS [description not available]	7.42	2	0
MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)	2.42	2	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Blast Phase [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Blast Crisis An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.	2.07	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	4.73	7	0
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	2.42	2	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	2.45	2	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	2.69	3	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.	2.06	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.06	1	0
Aggressive Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people.	2.06	1	0
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)	2.07	1	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.74	3	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.48	2	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.07	1	0
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	4.68	3	2
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	4.67	3	2
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	4.68	3	2
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	4.67	3	2
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	7.74	40	1
Callous-Unemotional Traits [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Conduct Disorder A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	2.46	2	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.	2.07	1	0
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Tuberculosis, Miliary An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.	2.06	1	0
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	2.06	1	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	2.07	1	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	2.48	2	0
Acne Keloid A type of acneiform disorder in which secondary pyogenic infection in and around pilosebaceous structures ends in keloidal scarring. It manifests as persistent folliculitis of the back of the neck associated with occlusion of the follicular orifices. It is most often encountered in black or Asian men.	2.07	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	2.07	1	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	4.67	6	1
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	2.07	1	0
Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.	2.07	1	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	2.48	2	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	4.49	5	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	4.49	5	1
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	2.72	3	0
DDPAC [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.	2.07	1	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	2.07	1	0
Fibrillary Chorea [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	3.46	1	1
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	2.38	2	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	2.07	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	2.07	1	0
Viral Conjunctivitis [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Conjunctivitis, Viral Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.	3.82	2	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.07	1	0
Dyskeratosis Congenita, X-Linked [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dyskeratosis Congenita A predominantly X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia of mucous membranes. Oral and dental abnormalities may also be present. Complications are a predisposition to malignancy and bone marrow involvement with pancytopenia. (from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin.	2.07	1	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	2.48	2	0
Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	3.26	6	0
Cystadenoma, Serous A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. (Dorland, 27th ed; from Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972)	2.08	1	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	2.46	2	0
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Apraxia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Afferent Pupillary Defect [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA), such as INFARCTION; HEMORRHAGE; or ISCHEMIA in vessels of this brain region including the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. Primary clinical manifestations include involuntary movements (DYSKINESIAS) and muscle weakness (HEMIPARESIS).	2.07	1	0
Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)	2.07	1	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	2.07	1	0
Child Malnutrition Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	3	1	0
Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Ataxia of Gait [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.07	1	0
Atrophic Muscular Disorders [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	2.73	3	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	5.01	9	1
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	5.01	9	1
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	3.22	6	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	4.67	3	2
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	2.07	1	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	3.82	2	1
Cytomegaloviral Retinitis [description not available]	6.03	6	1
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness.	6.03	6	1
Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries [description not available]	7.51	4	4
Transposition of Great Vessels A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.	7.51	4	4
African Lymphoma [description not available]	4.39	1	1
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	4.39	1	1
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE.	2.08	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)	2.08	1	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	2.43	2	0
Muscle Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Asymptomatic Colonization [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	2.7	3	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	3.1	5	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.01	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.01	1	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	8.28	11	5
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	5.01	16	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	5.01	16	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.65	3	0
Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.	4.24	2	0
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available]	5.23	6	0
Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)	5.23	6	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	7.7	14	1
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.	2.01	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.3	4	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.3	4	1
Hypovolemic [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	2.42	2	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	3.48	8	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	2.01	1	0
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	3.33	2	0
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	2.01	1	0
Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.	2.42	2	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	6.74	6	4
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	4.87	8	0
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	6.74	6	4
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.01	1	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	3.77	11	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	3.77	11	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	6.04	47	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	4.87	8	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	8.94	12	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.8	2	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	8.94	12	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	4.87	8	1
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	2.01	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	7.73	18	1
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	7.73	18	1
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	5.35	5	1
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	2.67	3	0
Encephalopathy, Kuru [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	2.01	1	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	7.42	2	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	2.69	3	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	2.01	1	0
As If Personality [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	2.01	1	0
Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pemphigoid [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement.	2.01	1	0
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.	2.01	1	0
Brain Atrophy, Circumscribed Lobar [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	2.01	1	0
Pick Disease of the Brain A rare form of DEMENTIA that is sometimes familial. Clinical features include APHASIA; APRAXIA; CONFUSION; ANOMIA; memory loss; and personality deterioration. This pattern is consistent with the pathologic findings of circumscribed atrophy of the poles of the FRONTAL LOBE and TEMPORAL LOBE. Neuronal loss is maximal in the HIPPOCAMPUS, entorhinal cortex, and AMYGDALA. Some ballooned cortical neurons contain argentophylic (Pick) bodies. (From Brain Pathol 1998 Apr;8(2):339-54; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1057-9)	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	2.01	1	0
Leukoplakia, Hairy Epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa associated with Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.	6.12	6	2
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.34	2	0
Uveitis, Posterior Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.	2.01	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	2.34	2	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	1.93	1	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	4.24	7	0
Cystine Diathesis [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.	3.55	3	0
Central Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	3.35	7	0
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).	1.93	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.06	5	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	3.33	7	0
Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	2.35	2	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	2.34	2	0
Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available]	4.36	8	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	5.79	16	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	1.94	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.87	4	0
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	8.04	5	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	2.34	2	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Icterus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	1.94	1	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	1.94	1	0
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	3.35	7	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	8.35	7	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	1.94	1	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	5.16	19	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	5.16	19	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.65	10	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	3.96	5	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2.37	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	1.94	1	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	1.94	1	0
Tuberculosis, Avian A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.	1.94	1	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	1.94	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.34	2	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	2.86	4	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	3.56	9	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	3.56	9	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	1.93	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	2.4	2	0
Pyoderma Gangrenosum An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.	2.01	1	0
Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute An acute leukemia exhibiting cell features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and probably arising from MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS.	2.01	1	0
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	2.01	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	2.01	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.4	2	0
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.	2.02	1	0
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Peroxisomal Disorders A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.	2.01	1	0
Adult Onset Nemaline Myopathy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Myopathies, Nemaline A group of inherited congenital myopathic conditions characterized clinically by weakness, hypotonia, and prominent hypoplasia of proximal muscles including the face. Muscle biopsy reveals large numbers of rod-shaped structures beneath the muscle fiber plasma membrane. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and may occasionally present in adults. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1453)	2.02	1	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	2.43	2	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	2.93	1	0
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	2.93	1	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	3.07	5	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	2.02	1	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	2.02	1	0
Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.02	1	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	3.09	5	0
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Agoraphobia Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.	2.02	1	0
Angina at Rest [description not available]	4.32	4	1
Mitral Stenosis [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.32	4	1
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.	3.4	1	1
Ulnar Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	2.02	1	0
Mononeuritis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Internal Popliteal Neuropathy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Mononeuropathies Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions.	2.02	1	0
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	2.02	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.66	3	0
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	2.9	4	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	3.76	2	1
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	2.02	1	0
Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy A disorder characterized by proliferation of arborizing small vessels, prominent immunoblastic proliferations and amorphous acidophilic interstitial material. Clinical manifestations include fever, sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy and frequently hepatosplenomegaly.	2.02	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	3.32	2	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	2.02	1	0
Rida [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Alastrim [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Smallpox An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.93	1	0
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA.	2.93	1	0
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).	2.02	1	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	2.02	1	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	2.02	1	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.11	5	0
Eye Hemorrhage Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.	2.02	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	9.48	13	1
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	5	3	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	4.05	3	0
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available]	6.6	4	1
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	9.48	13	1
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	5	3	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	4.05	3	0
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.	6.6	4	1
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	2.4	2	0
Corns [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Callosities Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.92	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	2.02	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Myotubular Myopathy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	2.02	1	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.02	1	0
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Afibrinogenemia A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.	2.37	2	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	2.02	1	0
ARSA Deficiency [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	2.42	2	0
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.	2.02	1	0
Addison's Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.	2.02	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.43	2	0
B-K Mole Syndrome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome Clinically atypical nevi (usually exceeding 5 mm in diameter and having variable pigmentation and ill defined borders) with an increased risk for development of non-familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Biopsies show melanocytic dysplasia. Nevi are clinically and histologically identical to the precursor lesions for melanoma in the B-K mole syndrome. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.02	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	2.37	2	0
Deficiency, Factor 11 [description not available]	2.43	2	0
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.9	4	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	2.02	1	0
Verruca [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.	3.33	2	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	2.02	1	0
Neuroses [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	2.43	2	0
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.43	2	0
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	2.38	2	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	2.94	1	0
Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.02	1	0
Hereditary Optic Neuroretinopathy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polypeptides, that can act autonomously or in association with each other to cause the disease. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/, MIM#535000 (April 17, 2001))	2.02	1	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Anisocoria Unequal pupil size, which may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease. Pathologic anisocoria reflects an abnormality in the musculature of the iris (IRIS DISEASES) or in the parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways that innervate the pupil. Physiologic anisocoria refers to an asymmetry of pupil diameter, usually less than 2mm, that is not associated with disease.	2.02	1	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	2.02	1	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	2.39	2	0
Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.	2.02	1	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	7.02	1	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.	7.02	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	2.02	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	2.02	1	0
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Amyloidosis VI [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Leukemia, Smoldering [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.	2.03	1	0
Antisocial Behavior Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others	2.44	2	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	3.82	2	1
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.06	3	1
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	6.08	6	2
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	6.08	6	2
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	2.43	2	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	2.03	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	2.67	3	0
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)	2.44	2	0
Molluscum Contagiosum A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.8	2	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.63	3	0
Deficiency, Factor II [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Inadequate Velopharyngeal Closure [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	2.67	3	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.03	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.62	3	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	3.62	3	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	4.72	2	1
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	2.03	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	4.87	4	2
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	4.87	4	2
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	2.03	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	4.74	2	1
Disorders, Sex Chromosome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.	2.03	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.37	2	0
Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	2.03	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	3.41	1	1
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	2.03	1	0
Impairment, Light Touch Sensation [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Licheniform Eruptions [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Andersen Cardiodysrhythmic Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Andersen Syndrome A form of inherited long QT syndrome (or LQT7) that is characterized by a triad of potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis, VENTRICULAR ECTOPIC BEATS, and abnormal features such as short stature, low-set ears, and SCOLIOSIS. It results from mutations of KCNJ2 gene which encodes a channel protein (INWARD RECTIFIER POTASSIUM CHANNELS) that regulates resting membrane potential.	2.03	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Experimental High Pressure Neurological Syndrome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.	2.03	1	0
Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Deafness Unilateral [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Flexor Tendon Entrapment [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Exfoliation Glaucoma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Exfoliation Syndrome The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)	2.03	1	0
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Nasopharyngitis Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.	3.42	1	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Lip Diseases Diseases involving the LIP.	3.42	1	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	3.42	1	1
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	4.84	4	2
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	4.84	4	2
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	3.05	5	0
Atheroembolism [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Embolism, Cholesterol Blocking of a blood vessel by CHOLESTEROL-rich atheromatous deposits, generally occurring in the flow from a large artery to small arterial branches. It is also called arterial-arterial embolization or atheroembolism which may be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Patients with spontaneous atheroembolism often have painful, cyanotic digits of acute onset.	2.03	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.7	3	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	2.03	1	0
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	2.03	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.42	2	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	4.38	2	2
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	4.38	2	2
Childhood Eating and Feeding Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2.04	1	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	2.03	1	0
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.	3.29	2	0
Asperger Disease [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Asperger Syndrome A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5)	2.04	1	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	2.7	3	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	2.42	2	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	3.23	6	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	2.04	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	1.94	1	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	4.97	3	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	4.97	3	1
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	2.34	2	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	1.94	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.94	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.94	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.94	1	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	1.94	1	0
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).	1.95	1	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	2.65	3	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.64	3	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	2.36	2	0
Placental Insufficiency Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.	2.37	2	0
Marasmus [description not available]	4.66	11	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	9.66	11	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	4.66	11	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)	1.96	1	0
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.	1.96	1	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	1.96	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	6.26	14	1
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	6.26	14	1
Friedreich Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)	7.36	2	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	3.04	5	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Acrania [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	3.09	5	0
Microphthalmia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 5 [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	3.23	6	0
Kaposi Disease [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.	1.98	1	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.	1.98	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.	1.98	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	1.98	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	2.66	3	0
Deficiency, Protein C [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	2.9	4	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	3.78	4	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.98	1	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	1.98	1	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	1.98	1	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	1.98	1	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.	4.66	11	0
EBS-DM [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex A form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by serous bullae that heal without scarring. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-5 and KERATIN-14 have been associated with several subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.	2.39	2	0
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Hyperthyroxinemia Abnormally elevated THYROXINE level in the BLOOD.	1.99	1	0
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	2.91	4	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	2.91	1	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	2.91	1	0
MODS [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	3.38	1	1
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	1.99	1	0
ADPKD [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	1.99	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	2.39	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	1.99	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	2.39	2	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	1.99	1	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	1.99	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	1.99	1	0
Alobar Holoprosencephaly [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.67	3	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	3.38	1	1
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	3.38	1	1
Gasser Syndrome [description not available]	4.29	1	1
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available]	4.7	2	1
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.	4.29	1	1
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.	4.7	2	1
Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Lentiginosis, Perioral [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits.	1.99	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Metabolic Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Klein Syndrome [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Wasting Disease [description not available]	4.7	2	1
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	2.39	2	0
Dermatitis, Periocular [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Dermatitis, Perioral A papular eruption of unknown etiology that progresses to residual papular erythema and scaling usually confined to the area of the mouth, and almost exclusively occurring in young women. It may also be localized or extend to involve the eyelids and adjacent glabella area of the forehead (periocular dermatitis). (Dorland, 28th ed)	1.99	1	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	1.99	1	0
Mast Cell Activation Disease [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Mastocytosis A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).	3.32	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.99	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	2.88	4	0
MEA 2b [description not available]	2	1	0
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	1.99	1	0
Achondroplasia, Severe, With Developmental Delay And Acanthosis Nigricans [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Achondroplasia An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)	1.99	1	0
Choked Disk [description not available]	2	1	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	2	1	0
A-Thalassemia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
alpha-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.	2.4	2	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	2	1	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	2.37	2	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 7 [description not available]	2	1	0
Factor VII Deficiency An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.	2	1	0
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.	2	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2	1	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2	1	0
Glaucoma, Angle Closure [description not available]	2	1	0
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.	2	1	0
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)	2	1	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	2	1	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	2	1	0
Fibroadenoma An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Anticipation, Genetic The apparent tendency of certain diseases to appear at earlier AGE OF ONSET and with increasing severity in successive generations. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	2	1	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	2	1	0
Hemoglobinuria The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.	2	1	0
P carinii Infection [description not available]	2	1	0
Pneumocystis Infections Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.	2	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	2	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.39	1	1
Gestational Pemphigoid [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	2	1	0
Aldrich Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.	2	1	0
Hepatic Porphyria [description not available]	2	1	0
Porphyrias, Hepatic A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.	2	1	0
Acne [description not available]	2	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	2	1	0
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	2	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 13 [description not available]	2	1	0
Factor XIII Deficiency A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis.	2	1	0
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	3.39	1	1
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	1.99	1	0
Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma [description not available]	7	1	0
Malignant Hypertension [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.	2	1	0
Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Hereditary [description not available]	2	1	0
Infectious Myelitis [description not available]	2	1	0
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Childhood Schizophrenia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2	1	0
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2.01	1	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	2.65	3	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukomalacia, Periventricular Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)	2.01	1	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	2.01	1	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	2.64	3	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	1.95	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	2.87	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	2.36	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	1.95	1	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	1.95	1	0
Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.	1.95	1	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	1.95	1	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	3.05	5	0
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	2.64	3	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	4.94	3	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	4.94	3	1
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	1.95	1	0
Antithrombin 3 Deficiency [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Antithrombin III Deficiency An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.	1.98	1	0
Porphyria [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	1.98	1	0
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.	1.98	1	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	1.98	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	1.97	1	0
Separation Anxiety Disorder [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Anxiety, Separation Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.	1.97	1	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	1.97	1	0
ARSB Deficiency [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI Mucopolysaccharidosis with excessive CHONDROITIN SULFATE B in urine, characterized by dwarfism and deafness. It is caused by a deficiency of N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE-4-SULFATASE (arylsulfatase B).	6.97	1	0
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	1.97	1	0
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	1.97	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	1.97	1	0
Inner Ear Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	1.97	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidoses Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.	1.97	1	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	3.82	12	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	3.82	12	0
Acanthosis Nigricans A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.	1.97	1	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	2.65	3	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	1.97	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	2.36	2	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	3.34	7	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	3.78	4	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	1.97	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	1.97	1	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	2.64	3	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	4.73	12	0
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	1.96	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	1.96	1	0
Franklin Disease [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	1.95	1	0
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	4.72	7	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	2.35	2	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.	1.94	1	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	2.35	2	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	1.94	1	0
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice.	3.04	5	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	2.35	2	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	1.95	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.35	2	0
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	1.95	1	0
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Glycogenosis [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.	2.86	1	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	1.95	1	0
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Hemoglobin C Disease A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.	2.86	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	2.86	1	0
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral [description not available]	4.02	3	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	1.95	1	0
Lymphocytosis Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.	1.95	1	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	1.95	1	0
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.86	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	3.33	1	1
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	3.33	1	1
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Polyploid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Disgerminoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	1.94	1	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	1.94	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	1.94	1	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	1.94	1	0
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	1.94	1	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	1.94	1	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.94	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	1.94	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	1.94	1	0
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	1.94	1	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.	2.34	2	0
Lymphangiectasis A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.	1.94	1	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Plasmacytic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Plasma Cell A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.	1.94	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	1.94	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	2.63	3	0
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.	1.94	1	0
Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pyelitis Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.	1.94	1	0
Rubeola [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Measles, German [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Measles A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.	1.94	1	0
Scarlet Fever Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.	1.94	1	0
Canine Distemper [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	1.94	1	0

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valine

Description

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Synonyms (140)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

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Occurs in Manufacturing (290 Product(s))

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