arginine profile

Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6322
CHEMBL ID	1485
CHEBI ID	16467
SCHEMBL ID	1791
MeSH ID	M0001683
PubMed CID	23724511
MeSH ID	M0001683

Synonym
AC-083
gtpl721
arginine, l-
CHEBI:16467 ,
(2s)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid
l-arginin
(2s)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid
(s)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid
s-(+)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acid
l-arginine (9ci)
l-ornithine, n5-(aminoiminomethyl)-
pentanoic acid, 2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-, (s)-
l-alpha-amino-delta-guanidinovaleric acid
ai3-24165
hsdb 1429
nsc 206269
l-norvaline, 5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-
ccris 3609
(s)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acid
arginine, l- (8ci)
arginine (usp/inn)
EU-0100077
l-arginine (jp17)
D02982
l-arginine, reagent grade, >=98%
tocris-0663
NCGC00015064-01
NCGC00024715-01
lopac-a-5006
nsc-206269
l-(+)-arginine
LOPAC0_000077
nsc203450
(2s)-2-amino-5-guanidino-pentanoic acid
arginine hydrochloride(usan)
l-arginine, monohydrochloride
inchi=1/c6h14n4o2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4h,1-3,7h2,(h,11,12)(h4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s
chembl1485 ,
(2s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoic acid
bdbm21959
(s)-2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid
l-arg
C00062
74-79-3
ARG ,
arginine
l-arginine ,
l-arginine, from non-animal source, meets ep, usp testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
l-arginine, 99%, fcc, fg
1LAF
DB00125
pentanoic acid, 2-amino-5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-, (s)-
(l)-arginine
argininum [inn-latin]
arginina [inn-spanish]
arginine (van)
arginine [usan:inn]
brn 1725413
(s)-2-amino-5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)pentanoic acid
1-amino-4-guanidovaleric acid
l-norvaline, 5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-
einecs 200-811-1
NCGC00024715-03
NCGC00024715-02
7F15B0C7-356D-45D7-AC33-03AEE4394A0E
A 5006
h-arg-oh
A0526
NCGC00024715-04
BMSE000029
(2s)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
A837397
(2s)-2-azanyl-5-[bis(azanyl)methylideneamino]pentanoic acid
HMS3260O15
4455-52-1
l-arginine, labeled with tritium
l(+)-arginine
cas-74-79-3
dtxcid4021056
dtxsid6041056 ,
tox21_113046
AKOS006239069
BMSE000919
BMSE000899
l-a-amino-d-guanidinovaleric acid
CCG-204172
arginine [usp:inn]
arginina
argininum
4-04-00-02648 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-94zla3w45f
94zla3w45f ,
ec 200-811-1
LP00077
EPITOPE ID:140084
AKOS015854096
S5634
l-arginine [jan]
l-arginine [usp-rs]
lysine acetate impurity f [ep impurity]
arginine [mart.]
arginine [who-dd]
arginine [mi]
arginine [inci]
arginine [inn]
arginine [hsdb]
arginine [ep monograph]
arginine [ii]
l-arginine [fhfi]
arginine [ep impurity]
arginine [usp monograph]
arginine [vandf]
l-arginine [fcc]
HY-N0455
AM81500
SCHEMBL1791
NCGC00024715-05
tox21_113046_1
tox21_500077
NCGC00260762-01
(s)-(+)-arginine
(s)-arginine
l(+) arginine
l-(+) arginine
h-arg
3h-l-arginine
W-104410
norvaline, 5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-, (l)-
l(+)-arginine;
AB00374192_03
mfcd00002635
us9138393, l-arginine
bdbm181132
us9144538, l-arginine
(2s)-2-amino-5-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]pentanoic acid
arginine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
1-amino-4-guanidovalerlic acid
l-arginine (h-arg-oh)
M02981
(s)-2-amino-5-guanidino-pentanoic acid
sr-01000597671
SR-01000597671-1
sr-01000075479
SR-01000075479-1
l-arginine, bioultra, >=99.5% (nt)
l-arginine, saj special grade, >=98.0%
l-arginine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
l-arginine, 99%, natural, fcc, fg
l-arginine, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=98%
l-arginine, vetec(tm), 98.5%
l-arginine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
SBI-0207062.P001
(s)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-pentanoate
(s)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-pentanoic acid
5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-l-norvaline
2-amino-5-guanidinovalerate
l-alpha-amino-delta-guanidinovalerate
(s)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoate
l-a-amino-d-guanidinovalerate
n5-(aminoiminomethyl)-l-ornithine
l-aryginine,(s)
AS-14190
Q173670
SDCCGSBI-0050065.P002
NCGC00024715-10
A929348
2-azaniumyl-5-(diaminomethyleneammonio)pentanoate
EN300-73669
l-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid
vumon (tn)
D02698
teniposide (usp/inn)
teniposide
(8ar,9r)-5-[[(4ar,6r,7r,8r,8as)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5h-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one
mfcd00866516
(5s,5ar,8ar,9r)-5-[[(4ar,7r,8r,8as)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5h-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Ammonium acetate proved to be less toxic in rats treated with single or repeated doses of galactosamine than in untreated animals."	( [Toxicity of ammonium acetate in rats with acute and subacute galactosamine-induced hepatitis (author's transl)]. Gerok, W; Hoppe-Seyler, G; Maier, KP; Senn, HJ, 1979)	0.26
" The experiments aim to contribute to the knowledge on toxic concentrations of polycations."	( [Studies on the cytotoxicity of poly-L-arginine, poly-L-lysine and DEAE-dextran in L-cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts]. Axt, J; Heder, G; Mauersberger, B; Mickwitz, CU; Zipper, J, 1977)	0.26
" Our data provide evidence that NO, synthesized upon glutamate exposure, has not a primary toxic action in pure hippocampal neuronal cultures."	( Blockade of nitric oxide formation does not prevent glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures from rat hippocampus. Leysen, JE; Pauwels, PJ, 1992)	0.28
"-) immunoreactivity is colocalized with nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide phosphate diaphorase in neurons that are uniquely resistant to toxic insults."	( Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures. Bredt, DS; Dawson, TM; Dawson, VL; London, ED; Snyder, SH, 1991)	0.28
" Cadmium chloride and both isoforms of CdMT were found to be toxic to hepatocytes although partial protection was afforded by the binding of cadmium to metallothionein (MT)."	( The modulation by metallothionein of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in primary hepatocyte cultures. Beattie, JH; Denizeau, F; Marion, M, 1987)	0.27
" The intraperitoneal administration of toxic doses of l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid to rats resulted in hyperirritability, tremors and convulsions in 12-20hr."	( The 'neurotoxicity' of L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Chen, CH; Koeppe, RE; Meghal, SK; O'Neal, RM; Reynolds, CS, 1968)	0.25
" The LD50 for the dibasic amino acids, measured on the third day of growth, ranged from 30 to 130 nCi/ml."	( The toxicity of tritium: the effects of tritiated amino-acids on preimplanted mouse embryos. Campagnari, F; Carroll, MJ; Clerici, L; Merlini, M; Vercellini, L, 1984)	0.27
" The present study was undertaken to determine whether nitric oxide synthase inhibitors block the development of sensitization to the toxic effects of cocaine in mice."	( Blockade of sensitization to the toxic effects of cocaine in mice by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Itzhak, Y, 1994)	0.29
" Among various processes that have been thought to mediate the toxic effects of glutamate are activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent proteases calpain I and II and the activation of nitric oxide synthase."	( Delayed antagonism of calpain reduces excitotoxicity in cultured neurons. Brorson, JR; Marcuccilli, CJ; Miller, RJ, 1995)	0.29
" This inhibitor also limited the toxicity, even when applied at times up to 1 hour after the onset of the toxic exposure."	( Delayed antagonism of calpain reduces excitotoxicity in cultured neurons. Brorson, JR; Marcuccilli, CJ; Miller, RJ, 1995)	0.29
"To test the toxic action of two antibiotics, imipenem and aztreonam, on the functional and morphologic integrity of the albino rabbit retina."	( Drug-induced retinal toxicity in albino rabbits: the effects of imipenem and aztreonam. Lazar, M; Loewenstein, A; Perlman, I; Zemel, E, 1993)	0.29
" Azactam is highly toxic at high levels (more than 10 mg injected into the vitreous)."	( Drug-induced retinal toxicity in albino rabbits: the effects of imipenem and aztreonam. Lazar, M; Loewenstein, A; Perlman, I; Zemel, E, 1993)	0.29
" precursor, arginine, was increased significantly in the brain by toxic O2 exposure, but both pargyline and LNNA inhibited this effect."	( Cerebral amino acid, norepinephrine and nitric oxide metabolism in CNS oxygen toxicity. Oury, TD; Piantadosi, CA; Su, Y; Zhang, J, 1993)	0.29
" The clinical usage of cisplatin is, however, restricted due to some adverse side effects including renal toxicity."	( Reduction of cis-platinum induced nephrotoxicity by zinc histidine complex : the possible implication of nitric oxide. Ahmad, N; Farookh, A; Hasan, SK; Husain, MM; Misra, M; Srivastava, RC, 1995)	0.29
" The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide and inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase also prevented this injury, but without inhibiting NO synthesis, both acting by inhibiting a toxic action of NO that is critical to tissue injury."	( Excitotoxicity in the lung: N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced, nitric oxide-dependent, pulmonary edema is attenuated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Berisha, HI; Pakbaz, H; Said, SI, 1996)	0.29
"Our previous observations on the toxic effects of hydroxyurea (HU) in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats prompted us to suggest that these effects might be mediated by an increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, which display similar toxicological profiles (e."	( The effects of inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase, lipoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase pathways on the toxicity of hydroxyurea in adrenalectomized rats. Navarra, P; Preziosi, P; Tringali, G, 1996)	0.29
"Although sulphur mustard is one of the oldest chemical warfare agents, its mechanism of toxic action is still not understood and as a consequence, no antidotes exist that are effective against this agent."	( Protective effect of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase on sulphur mustard toxicity in vitro. Lundy, PM; Sawyer, TW; Weiss, MT, 1996)	0.29
" The toxic activity of mutants created by substitution or deletion at this position, which lacked ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in vitro, was not completely obliterated and cyclic AMP was partially induced in the target cells, showing that they still displayed enzymic activity in vivo."	( Escherichia coli LT enterotoxin subunit A demonstrates partial toxicity independent of the nicking around Arg192. Ichinose, Y; Imamura, S; Kamiya, H; Kato, M; Kawase, H; Miyama, A; Tsuji, T, 1997)	0.3
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis at toxic doses."	( Role of nitric oxide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. DeGeorge, GL; Gardner, CR; Heck, DE; Laskin, DL; Laskin, JD; Thomas, PE; Yang, CS; Zhang, XJ, 1998)	0.3
" However, under aerobic conditions, AS was more toxic than under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that oxygen dramatically enhanced AS-mediated cytotoxicity."	( The cytotoxicity of nitroxyl: possible implications for the pathophysiological role of NO. Chistodoulou, D; Cook, JA; DeGraff, WG; Feelisch, M; Fukuto, J; Gamson, J; Grisham, MB; Jourd'heuil, D; Kim, S; Krishna, M; Mitchell, JB; Vodovotz, Y; Wink, DA, 1998)	0.3
" However, even though L-arginine and polyamines prevented adverse effects of severe diabetes on the conceptus, and caused normalization of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate levels remained elevated."	( Prevention by L-arginine and polyamines of delayed development and embryotoxicity caused by chemically-induced diabetes in rats. Méndez, JD; Palomar-Morales, M, )	0.13
"Two main trials and three preliminary experiments were conducted in order to examine adverse effects of excess lysine in 140- to 150-kg Holstein bull calves."	( Adverse effects of excess lysine in calves. Abe, M; Funaba, M; Iriki, T; Kaneshige, K; Kuwashima, K; Sato, H; Watanabe, S, 2001)	0.31
" Methylene blue also attenuated the toxic effects of all the tested compounds."	( [Toxicity and hypotensive effect of L-arginine oxoborolidinone and its modulation by methylene blue. Comparison with L-arginine, nitrite, and nitrate]. Araujo Alvarez, JM; Bravo Avila, ME; Bustamante Quezada, A; Trujillo Ferrara, JG, )	0.13
"To develop the safe absorption-enhancing formulation attenuating the local toxicity caused by an absorption enhancer, sodium laurate (C12), the effects of amino acids on the local toxicity by C12 were examined in rats."	( Amino acids protect epithelial cells from local toxicity by absorption enhancer, sodium laurate. Endo, Y; Higaki, K; Kimura, T; Ogawara, K; Sone, M; Yata, T, 2001)	0.31
" Indeed, as we further show, glial-derived L-Arg inhibits NMDA-induced toxic radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death."	( Glial-derived arginine, the nitric oxide precursor, protects neurons from NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Benz, B; Do, KQ; Grima, G, 2001)	0.31
" The results of these studies suggest that the mechanism of L-canavanine toxicity is mediated through L-arginine-utilizing mechanisms and that the L-canavanine metabolite, L-canaline, is toxic to human PBMCs by disrupting polyamine biosynthesis."	( The antiproliferative and immunotoxic effects of L-canavanine and L-canaline. Adams, VR; Bence, AK; Crooks, PA; Worthen, DR, 2002)	0.31
" Plasma HIV RNA levels, neuropsychologic functioning, and self-reported adverse events were analyzed for safety of treatment."	( A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of supplemental arginine to enhance immune function in persons with HIV/AIDS. Keithley, JK; Sha, BE; Swanson, B; Zeller, JM, )	0.13
"None of the participants experienced any adverse clinical, virologic, or neuropsychologic events that necessitated withdrawal from the study."	( A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of supplemental arginine to enhance immune function in persons with HIV/AIDS. Keithley, JK; Sha, BE; Swanson, B; Zeller, JM, )	0.13
"Short-term arginine supplementation is safe for persons with HIV/AIDS."	( A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of supplemental arginine to enhance immune function in persons with HIV/AIDS. Keithley, JK; Sha, BE; Swanson, B; Zeller, JM, )	0.13
" Maximal potassium levels were within the toxic range (6."	( Safe and effective inhibition of renal uptake of radiolabelled octreotide by a combination of lysine and arginine. de Jong, M; Kooij, PP; Krenning, EP; Rolleman, EJ; Valkema, R, 2003)	0.32
" Although its beneficial role has been well established, a large body of adverse effects was also attributed to NO and/or its red-ox derivatives, implicating a dual (friend and foe) role of this agent in biological systems."	( Biochemical targets of nitric oxide-induced toxicity. Grudziński, IP, 2003)	0.32
" Three double-blind studies examined the safety of the combination of HMB, arginine and glutamine on blood chemistries, hematology, emotional profile, and adverse events."	( Supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), arginine, and glutamine is safe and could improve hematological parameters. Abumrad, NN; Barber, AE; Clark, RH; D'Olimpio, J; Eubanks May, P; Nissen, S; Panton, L; Rathmacher, JA, )	0.13
"Across the 3 studies, HMB, arginine, and glutamine supplementation was not associated with any adverse indicators of health."	( Supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), arginine, and glutamine is safe and could improve hematological parameters. Abumrad, NN; Barber, AE; Clark, RH; D'Olimpio, J; Eubanks May, P; Nissen, S; Panton, L; Rathmacher, JA, )	0.13
" These results suggest that argatroban provides safe anticoagulation in acute ischemic stroke, warranting future studies powered to evaluate its efficacy and more precisely estimate event rates."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke (ARGIS-1): a randomized, placebo-controlled safety study. Brown, PM; Hursting, MJ; LaMonte, MP; Nash, ML; Schultz, J; Wang, DZ; Woolfenden, AR, 2004)	0.32
" The data reproduce our previous observation that, relative to a halothane-anesthetized control state, etomidate has an adverse effect on ischemic injury in the setting of temporary focal cerebral ischemia."	( The role of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the adverse effects of etomidate in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Cole, DJ; Drummond, JC; McKay, LD; Patel, PM, 2005)	0.33
" No serious adverse effects were observed during L-arginine supplementation."	( Efficacy and safety of oral l-arginine in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ARAMI pilot trial. Bednarz, B; Drozdowska, D; Gessek, J; Gniot, J; Janik, K; Jaxa-Chamiec, T; Kawka-Urbanek, T; Laskowski, H; Maciejewski, P; Szpajer, M, 2005)	0.33
"AAKG supplementation appeared to be safe and well tolerated, and positively influenced 1RM bench press and Wingate peak power performance."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects on exercise performance of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Bowden, R; Campbell, B; Greenwood, M; Kerksick, C; Kreider, R; Leutholtz, B; Marcello, B; Nassar, E; Rasmussen, C; Roberts, M; Taylor, L; Wilborn, C, 2006)	0.33
"Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin is 100 times less toxic than Cry1C to Mamestra brassicae."	( The mutation R(423)S in the Bacillus thuringiensis hybrid toxin CryAAC slightly increases toxicity for Mamestra brassicae L. Ayra-Pardo, C; Davis, P; Ellar, DJ, 2007)	0.34
"d-1, respectively) administered via enteral diets without the appearance of any adverse effect."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of arginine supplementation in animals. Bazer, FW; Cudd, TA; Jobgen, WS; Kim, SW; Lassala, A; Li, P; Matis, JH; Meininger, CJ; Spencer, TE; Wu, G, 2007)	0.34
" Theophylline, a re-emerging drug for the treatment of obstructive airway disease, has a narrow therapeutic index which precludes its safe use."	( Free radicals and theophylline neurotoxicity : an experimental study. Gulati, K; Ray, A; Vijayan, VK, 2007)	0.34
" We aimed to investigate elevated plasma ADMA concentrations as a prospective risk marker for adverse events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery."	( Elevated plasma concentrations of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine predict adverse events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Böger, RH; Dentz, L; Haddad, M; Hiltmeyer, N; Klöss, T; Kuss, O; Maas, R; Schwedhelm, E; Standl, T; Thoms, W, 2007)	0.34
"Elevated plasma ADMA concentrations are independently associated with a higher risk for adverse events in the peri- and postoperative periods."	( Elevated plasma concentrations of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine predict adverse events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Böger, RH; Dentz, L; Haddad, M; Hiltmeyer, N; Klöss, T; Kuss, O; Maas, R; Schwedhelm, E; Standl, T; Thoms, W, 2007)	0.34
" More active, stable and less toxic CPPs can be designed by optimizing the position and number of R, D-R, X and B residues."	( Cell-penetrating peptides as transporters for morpholino oligomers: effects of amino acid composition on intracellular delivery and cytotoxicity. Hassinger, JN; Iversen, PL; Lovejoy, CE; Moulton, HM; Nelson, MH; Wu, RP; Youngblood, DS, 2007)	0.34
" This study also showed that the IED could be safely used without any adverse effects for patients early after a radical surgery for the esophageal cancer."	( Enteral immuno-enhanced diets with arginine are safe and beneficial for patients early after esophageal cancer surgery. Aiko, S; Horio, T; Ishizuka, T; Kanai, N; Kumano, I; Maehara, T; Sakano, T; Yoshizumi, Y, 2008)	0.35
" These findings demonstrated that the arginine-grafted biodegradable PAMAM dendrimer, e-PAM-R, is a potential candidate as a safe and efficient gene delivery carrier for gene therapy."	( Biodegradable PAMAM ester for enhanced transfection efficiency with low cytotoxicity. Choi, JS; Hahn, HJ; Kim, BH; Kim, HJ; Lim, HJ; Nam, HY; Nam, K; Park, JS, 2009)	0.35
" We report three patients presenting to the emergency department with adverse effects."	( Adverse effects associated with arginine alpha-ketoglutarate containing supplements. Chan, GM; Hoffman, RS; Majlesi, N; Nelson, LS; Olsen, D; Prosser, JM, 2009)	0.35
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Arg-containing peptides were more toxic to human erythrocytes and mammalian cells as compared to Lys-containing peptides."	( Mammalian cell toxicity and candidacidal mechanism of Arg- or Lys-containing Trp-rich model antimicrobial peptides and their d-enantiomeric peptides. Kim, HJ; Lee, SH; Nan, YH; Shin, SY, 2010)	0.36
" Coadministration of trapidil + L-arginine significantly ameliorated the toxic effect of CsA, but did not differ significantly from the effect of trapidil alone."	( Protective effect of trapidil and l-arginine against renal and hepatic toxicity induced by cyclosporine in rats. El-Dayem, WA; Eladl, M; Elgalaly, H; Kamel, M; Maarouf, AM; Radwan, M; Salem, EA; Salem, NA, 2010)	0.36
" All 12 LYSx patients are physically and neurologically healthy after 28 aggregate patient-years of follow up (current ages 28±21 months) and there were no adverse events related to formula use."	( Safety, efficacy and physiological actions of a lysine-free, arginine-rich formula to treat glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: focus on cerebral amino acid influx. Brumbaugh, J; Duffy, A; Hendrickson, C; Morton, DH; Moser, AB; Puffenberger, EG; Rider, NL; Robinson, D; Strauss, KA; Tortorelli, S; Wardley, B, )	0.13
" Predictivity for adverse outcomes in mammalian prenatal developmental toxicity studies used ToxRefDB and other sources of information, including Stemina Biomarker Discovery's predictive DevTox® model trained on 23 pharmaceutical agents of known developmental toxicity and differing potency."	( Identifying developmental toxicity pathways for a subset of ToxCast chemicals using human embryonic stem cells and metabolomics. Cezar, GG; Conard, KR; Dix, DJ; Donley, EL; Fontaine, BR; Kleinstreuer, NC; Knudsen, TB; Palmer, JA; Smith, AM; Weir-Hauptman, AM; West, PR, 2011)	0.37
" We propose that arginine methylation by PRMT1 participates in the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of FUS, particularly of ALS6-associated mutants, and thus contributes to the toxic gain of function conferred by these disease-causing mutations."	( Arginine methylation by PRMT1 regulates nuclear-cytoplasmic localization and toxicity of FUS/TLS harbouring ALS-linked mutations. Boulanger, MC; Durham, HD; Richard, S; Tibshirani, M; Tradewell, ML; Yu, Z, 2012)	0.38
" We report that, in each cell line, the toxic effects of CQ were amplified by nutritional stress and paralleled by autophagy inhibition."	( Nutritional stress and arginine auxotrophy confer high sensitivity to chloroquine toxicity in mesothelioma cells. Albonici, L; Battisti, S; Bei, R; Modesti, A; Palumbo, C; Valente, D, 2012)	0.38
"To review recent articles, published between October 2009 and September 2011, that examined the adverse metabolic consequences of perioperative fasting and interventions that may be utilized to minimize these effects."	( Metabolic conditioning to attenuate the adverse effects of perioperative fasting and improve patient outcomes. Awad, S; Lobo, DN, 2012)	0.38
"Numerous perioperative interventions are available, which if utilized should help attenuate the adverse effects of perioperative fasting and lead to improved patient outcomes."	( Metabolic conditioning to attenuate the adverse effects of perioperative fasting and improve patient outcomes. Awad, S; Lobo, DN, 2012)	0.38
"The combination of Argatroban and intravenous tPA is potentially safe in patients with moderate neurological deficits due to proximal intracranial arterial occlusions and may produce more complete recanalization than tPA alone."	( The argatroban and tissue-type plasminogen activator stroke study: final results of a pilot safety study. Alexandrov, AV; Balucani, C; Barlinn, K; Barreto, AD; Chen, Z; Demchuk, AM; Garami, Z; Gonzales, NR; Grotta, JC; Lee, J; Lyden, P; Martin-Schild, S; Mikulik, R; Pandurengan, R; Rahbar, MH; Savitz, SI; Shen, L; Sisson, A; Sugg, RM; Tsivgoulis, G; Wu, TC, 2012)	0.38
" No adverse effects were observed in neonates receiving L-arginine supplementation."	( Enteral L-arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a double-blind randomized pilot study of efficacy and safety. Briana, DD; Gavrili, S; Kafetzis, D; Kostalos, C; Papaevangelou, V; Polycarpou, E; Polycarpou, N; Tsolia, M; Zachaki, S, 2013)	0.39
" The beverages were well-tolerated with no adverse effects."	( Biosafety and antioxidant effects of a beverage containing silymarin and arginine. A pilot, human intervention cross-over trial. Šimánek, V; Stuchlík, M; Ulrichová, J; Vacek, J; Valentová, K; Vidlář, A; Zatloukalová, M, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse effects reported in association with preworkout supplements include gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac arrhythmia, blood pressure increases, and potential effects on lipids and blood glucose."	( Efficacy and safety of ingredients found in preworkout supplements. Ambrose, PJ; Eudy, AE; Gordon, LL; Hockaday, BC; Lee, DA; Lee, V; Luu, D; Martinez, CA, 2013)	0.39
" Intravenous L-arginine increases endothelial NO in moderately-severe malaria (MSM) without adverse effects."	( A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2013)	0.39
" An adverse event was defined as the occurrence of ischemic stroke or cardiovascular death."	( Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation referred for coronary angiogram. Chang, SL; Chao, TF; Chen, SA; Hsieh, MH; Hu, YF; Lin, YJ; Lo, LW; Lu, TM; Tsao, HM; Tuan, TC, 2013)	0.39
"A higher level of ADMA was a risk factor of adverse events in AF patients, which was independent from the CHA2DS2-VASc score."	( Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation referred for coronary angiogram. Chang, SL; Chao, TF; Chen, SA; Hsieh, MH; Hu, YF; Lin, YJ; Lo, LW; Lu, TM; Tsao, HM; Tuan, TC, 2013)	0.39
"Argatroban is an effective and safe anticoagulation agent during elective PCI procedure, anticoagulant efficacy and risk of bleeding side effects of argatroban are similar to heparin."	( [Anticoagulant efficacy and safety of argatroban for patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention]. Chen, YD; Gu, XF; Guo, J; Jin, QH; Liu, HB; Ma, YL; Sun, ZJ; Tian, F; Yan, F; Yu, H, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse events were recorded."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SMT C1100, a 2-arylbenzoxazole utrophin modulator, following single- and multiple-dose administration to healthy male adult volunteers. Davies, KE; Robinson, N; Tinsley, J, 2015)	0.42
" These results indicate that dietary supplementation with L-arginine (up to 630 mg/kg body weight/day) is safe in pigs for at least 91 days."	( Safety of long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine in pigs. Hu, S; Li, X; McNeal, CJ; Meininger, CJ; Rezaei, R; Wu, G, 2015)	0.42
" However, a safe dose which still provides effective thromboembolic prophylaxis without major bleeding still needs to be identified."	( Safety and economic considerations of argatroban use in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis. Baumgarten, G; Boehm, O; Graeff, I; Hoeft, A; Kim, SC; Schewe, JC; Tran, N; Wittmann, M, 2015)	0.42
" A similar trend could also be observed when cytotoxicity was tested on hepatocytes and fibroblast cell lines: both arginine derivatives were less toxic than cetrimide."	( Biocatalytic synthesis, antimicrobial properties and toxicity studies of arginine derivative surfactants. Clapés, P; Fait, ME; Garrote, GL; Lorenzo, J; Morcelle, SR; Tanco, S, 2015)	0.42
"6 g/kg body-weight/day) is safe in rats for at least 91 days."	( Safety of long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine in rats. Dahanayaka, S; Feng, S; Jia, S; McNeal, CJ; Meininger, CJ; Wu, G; Wu, Z; Yang, Y, 2015)	0.42
" In the present work, mussel hemocytes and gill cells were used to assess the potential toxic effects of Au, ZnO and SiO2 NPs with different sizes and shapes in parallel with their respective ionic and bulk forms and additives used in the NPs preparations."	( Cytotoxicity of Au, ZnO and SiO₂ NPs using in vitro assays with mussel hemocytes and gill cells: Relevance of size, shape and additives. Arostegui, I; Cajaraville, MP; Gilliland, D; Katsumiti, A; Oron, M; Valsami-Jones, E, 2016)	0.43
" The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for 14-day intravenous exposure to both rats and dogs was 20 mg/kg/d."	( Nonclinical Safety Assessment of PER977: A Small Molecule Reversal Agent for New Oral Anticoagulants and Heparins. Bakhru, S; Gad, SC; Laulicht, B; Steiner, S; Sullivan, DW, )	0.13
" The results show that a rational design applied to cationic double chain surfactants might serve as a promising strategy for the development of safe cationic vesicular systems."	( New cationic vesicles prepared with double chain surfactants from arginine: Role of the hydrophobic group on the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Bustelo, M; Manresa, A; Mitjans, M; Perez, L; Petrizelli, V; Pinazo, A; Pons, R; Vinardell, MP, 2016)	0.43
" Dietary supplementation with Arg-HCl or the Arg base [315- and 630-mg Arg/(kg BW d) for 91 d] had no adverse effects on male or female pigs."	( Catabolism and safety of supplemental L-arginine in animals. Bazer, FW; Hou, Y; Hu, S; McNeal, CJ; Meininger, CJ; Wu, G; Wu, Z, 2016)	0.43
"Ciraparantag reverses the whole blood clotting time induced by enoxaparin in a dose related manner and produces no procoagulant signal or deleterious adverse events in doses up to 300mg."	( Ciraparantag safely and completely reverses the anticoagulant effects of low molecular weight heparin. Ansell, JE; Bakhru, SH; Costin, JC; Hoffman, M; Laulicht, BE; Steiner, SS, 2016)	0.43
" These findings indicate that an RTA variant with reduced ribosome binding is less toxic than a variant with less catalytic activity but normal ribosome binding activity."	( Toxicity of ricin A chain is reduced in mammalian cells by inhibiting its interaction with the ribosome. Cohick, WS; Jetzt, AE; Li, XP; Tumer, NE, 2016)	0.43
" A considerable body of evidence points to the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and its endogenous synthesis inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), in CsA-induced renal and cardiovascular adverse effects."	( Nebivolol suppresses asymmetric dimethylarginine and attenuates cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and endothelial dysfunction in rats. Hewedy, WA; Mostafa, DK, 2016)	0.43
"Nebivolol possesses multifaceted actions that make it advantageous to combat the CsA-induced toxic effects on renal and endothelial functions."	( Nebivolol suppresses asymmetric dimethylarginine and attenuates cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and endothelial dysfunction in rats. Hewedy, WA; Mostafa, DK, 2016)	0.43
"The objective of this evidence-based review was to examine whether supplementation with l-arginine, in combination with caffeine and/or creatine, is safe and whether it enhances athletic performance or improves recovery from exhaustion for military personnel."	( Safety and performance benefits of arginine supplements for military personnel: a systematic review. Barrett, ML; Brooks, JR; Cantilena, L; Chung, M; Costello, RB; Deuster, P; Dwyer, J; Giancaspro, GI; Gorecki, DK; Hardy, ML; Jones, D; Jordan, SA; Low Dog, T; Marles, RJ; Maughan, RJ; Oketch-Rabah, H; Osterberg, RE; Rodda, BE; Sarma, ND; Valerio, LG; Wolfe, RR; Zuniga, JM, 2016)	0.43
"Information from clinical trials and adverse event reports were collected from 17 databases and 5 adverse event report portals."	( Safety and performance benefits of arginine supplements for military personnel: a systematic review. Barrett, ML; Brooks, JR; Cantilena, L; Chung, M; Costello, RB; Deuster, P; Dwyer, J; Giancaspro, GI; Gorecki, DK; Hardy, ML; Jones, D; Jordan, SA; Low Dog, T; Marles, RJ; Maughan, RJ; Oketch-Rabah, H; Osterberg, RE; Rodda, BE; Sarma, ND; Valerio, LG; Wolfe, RR; Zuniga, JM, 2016)	0.43
" Short-term supplementation with arginine may result in adverse gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects."	( Safety and performance benefits of arginine supplements for military personnel: a systematic review. Barrett, ML; Brooks, JR; Cantilena, L; Chung, M; Costello, RB; Deuster, P; Dwyer, J; Giancaspro, GI; Gorecki, DK; Hardy, ML; Jones, D; Jordan, SA; Low Dog, T; Marles, RJ; Maughan, RJ; Oketch-Rabah, H; Osterberg, RE; Rodda, BE; Sarma, ND; Valerio, LG; Wolfe, RR; Zuniga, JM, 2016)	0.43
" Potentially related adverse events were periorbital and facial flushing and cool sensation following IV injection of ciraparantag."	( Single-dose ciraparantag safely and completely reverses anticoagulant effects of edoxaban. Ansell, JE; Bakhru, SH; Brown, K; Costin, JC; Dishy, V; Grosso, MA; Lanz, HJ; Laulicht, BE; Mercuri, MF; Noveck, RJ; Steiner, SS, 2017)	0.46
" The observed safe level for oral administration of Arg is ∼20 g/d, but higher levels have been tested in short-term studies without serious adverse effects; however, more data are needed in both animal models and humans to fully evaluate safety as well as efficacy."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Arginine in Adults. McNeal, CJ; Meininger, CJ; Reddy, D; Wilborn, CD; Wu, G, 2016)	0.43
" Although mounting evidence supports immunonutrition, there are only a few studies that suggest that this is safe in patients with severe sepsis."	( Parenteral or Enteral Arginine Supplementation Safety and Efficacy. Carrott, PW; Kiraly, L; Martindale, RG; Patel, J; Rosenthal, MD, 2016)	0.43
"In the present study, we evaluated the toxic effects on the testis of the male offspring of MC-LR exposure during fetal and lactational periods."	( Roles of piRNAs in microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) induced reproductive toxicity in testis on male offspring. Benson, M; Han, X; Li, D; Zhang, H; Zhang, L, 2017)	0.46
" The R12W8a peptide was highly toxic when administered intravenously at 300 or 100 nmol/kg and ineffective at reducing infarct volume when administered at 30 nmol/kg 30 min after MCAO, unlike R18 (30 nmol/kg), which significantly reduced infarct volume by 20."	( Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Arginine-Rich Protamine Peptides, Poly-Arginine Peptides (R12-Cyclic, R22) and Arginine-Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Following In Vitro Excitotoxicity and/or Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats Anderton, RS; Blacker, DJ; Clark, VW; Cross, JL; Edwards, AB; Knuckey, NW; Meloni, BP; Milani, D, 2017)	0.46
" Here, we show in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans that expression of the arginine-containing dipeptides, but not alanine-containing dipeptides, produces toxic phenotypes in multiple cellular contexts, including motor neurons."	( Nuclear localized C9orf72-associated arginine-containing dipeptides exhibit age-dependent toxicity in C. elegans. Lamitina, ST; Monaghan, J; Pandey, UB; Rudich, P; Snoznik, C; Watkins, SC, 2017)	0.46
" Here, smart positively-charged stable arginine amino acid incorporated mono layer graphene (Arg-EMGr) nanobiocomposite introduced as useful antibacterial and safe bactericidal agent competitive with Ag direct."	( Antibacterial biocompatible arginine functionalized mono-layer graphene: No more risk of silver toxicity. Amiri, A; Bushroa, AR; Kalaiselvam, K; Rafieerad, AR; Vadivelu, J; Vellasamy, KM, 2018)	0.48
" All the patients were followed up for 5 years to determine the development of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) and major amputation."	( Role of microcirculatory function and plasma biomarkers in determining the development of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A 5-year follow-up. Akkoca, M; Demirel Yilmaz, E; Köksoy, C; Tokgöz, S; Usanmaz, SE, 2018)	0.48
"One of the major concerns about taking amino acid supplements is their potential adverse effects on the kidney as a major organ involved in the metabolism and excretion of exogenous substances."	( The Renal Safety of L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, and Glutamine in Athletes and Bodybuilders. Davani-Davari, D; Karimzadeh, I; Khalili, H; Sagheb, MM, 2019)	0.51
" This study provides fundamental pre-clinical evidence that daily oral delivery of agmatine sulfate to both WT and Tg mice is safe and well tolerated."	( Safety and neurochemical profiles of acute and sub-chronic oral treatment with agmatine sulfate. Abraham, WC; Bergin, DH; Jing, Y; Liu, P; Mockett, BG; Williams, G; Zhang, H, 2019)	0.51
" Molecular toxicity investigation revealed that the toxic effects of MgO NP was mainly due to the influential dysregulation in oxidative stress leading to apoptosis because of the accumulation and internalization of nanoparticles and their interaction with cellular proteins like Sod1 and p53, thereby affecting structural integrity and functionality."	( Green synthesized MgO nanoparticles infer biocompatibility by reducing in vivo molecular nanotoxicity in embryonic zebrafish through arginine interaction elicited apoptosis. Das, B; Kumari, P; Mallick, MA; Nisha, K; Panda, PK; Patel, P; Sarkar, B; Verma, SK, 2020)	0.56
" Although L-arginine is a safe supplement with clinical data supporting improved erectile function, limited data exist on the efficacy of other ingredients in the treatment of ED."	( Efficacy and Safety of Common Ingredients in Aphrodisiacs Used for Erectile Dysfunction: A Review. Balasubramanian, A; Hotaling, JM; Lipshultz, LI; Pastuszak, AW; Pathak, UI; Rivera-Mirabal, J; Srivatsav, A; Thirumavalavan, N, 2020)	0.56
" However, the major limiting factor for its use is the possible development of adverse effects, including ototoxicity."	( Amelioration of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Rats by L-arginine: The Role of Nitric Oxide, Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Abd Ellatif, RA; Elseady, WS; Estfanous, RS; Kabel, AM, 2020)	0.56
" Other common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) included vomiting, hyperammonemia, pruritus, and abdominal pain."	( Clinical effect and safety profile of pegzilarginase in patients with arginase 1 deficiency. Bannick, A; Batzios, S; Bubb, G; Diaz, GA; Enns, GM; Leão-Teles, E; McNutt, MC; Merritt, JL; Potts, SL; Quinn, AG; Schulze, A; Sloan, LS; Zori, RT, 2021)	0.62
" Data on demographic and general clinical information, laboratory examination, adverse events, adverse reactions and serious adverse events in the two groups will be collected."	( Evaluating the safety and efficacy of argatroban locking solution in the prevention of the dysfunction of haemodialysis central venous catheters: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Cai, G; Cao, X; Chen, X; Feng, Z; Li, J; Lin, S; Liu, C; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Wu, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, H, 2021)	0.62
" However, the combination of L-arginine and PDE5Is had no obvious difference relative to PDE5Is alone in terms of various adverse events (AEs)."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and PDE5Is alone or combination in treating erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Liu, C; Liu, S; Xu, Z; Zhou, Z, 2021)	0.62
" Whether MRPs and acrylamide were physically mixed or when the solution is prepared from heating the mixture of arginine, glucose and acrylamide, the presence of MRPs effectively reduced the adverse changes caused by acrylamide."	( Inhibition of acrylamide toxicity in vivo by arginine-glucose maillard reaction products. Chai, X; Chen, S; He, A; Huang, Z; Ke, L; Rao, P; Wu, B; Xiang, L, 2021)	0.62
" Conclusions BCT-100 is safe in a non-Chinese population and has anti-tumor activities in both MM and CRPC."	( Safety, PK/PD and preliminary anti-tumor activities of pegylated recombinant human arginase 1 (BCT-100) in patients with advanced arginine auxotrophic tumors. Bessudo, A; Cheng, PNM; Liu, AM; Mussai, F, 2021)	0.62
" Safety outcomes included adverse events and standard laboratory assessments."	( Safety, Tolerability, and Biologic Activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Baum, SJ; Chakravarthy, MV; Chera, H; Gunn, NT; Harrison, SA; Kohli, A; Koziel, MJ; Patil, R; Younes, ZH; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.62
" Study products were safe and well tolerated with stable lipid and weight profiles."	( Safety, Tolerability, and Biologic Activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Baum, SJ; Chakravarthy, MV; Chera, H; Gunn, NT; Harrison, SA; Kohli, A; Koziel, MJ; Patil, R; Younes, ZH; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.62
" Thus, arginine methylation pathways that involve specific HTT-modifying PRMT enzymes and modulate HTT biochemical and toxic properties could provide targets for HD-modifying therapies."	( Interaction of huntingtin with PRMTs and its subsequent arginine methylation affects HTT solubility, phase transition behavior and neuronal toxicity. Chighladze, E; Cole, RN; Faragó, A; Jiang, M; Jin, J; Kamath, SV; O'Meally, RN; Ratovitski, T; Rauniyar, P; Ross, CA; Shevelkin, AV, 2022)	0.72
" Further research is necessary to elucidate effects of high doses and long-term consumption of amino acid supplements on immune system, brain function, muscle protein balance, synthesis of toxic metabolites, and tumor growth and examine their suitability under certain circumstances."	( Side effects of amino acid supplements. Holeček, M, 2022)	0.72
" However, little is known about the toxic effects of dinotefuran enantiomers on aquatic organisms."	( Insight into the differences in the toxicity mechanisms of dinotefuran enantiomers in zebrafish by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Chen, H; Hu, D; Lu, P; Ming, R; Yang, Y; Zhou, X, 2022)	0.72
"This is the first report that short-term argatroban combined with DAPT seems to be safe and may effectively prevent END and improve neurological prognosis for acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke patients with LAA; however, interpretation of the conclusion required caution due to nonrandomized controlled trial with medium sample size."	( Safety and preliminary efficacy of argatroban plus dual antiplatelet therapy for acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke with large artery atherosclerosis. Chen, HS; Cui, Y; Hou, XW; Li, XQ; Tian, XF; Wang, XH; Zhou, ZH, 2022)	0.72
" However, it is not clear whether MC-LR has adverse effects on vascular smooth muscle cells."	( Microcystin-leucine arginine exhibits adverse effects on human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Chen, G; Hu, T; Liu, Y; Wang, M; Wang, Q; Zhu, P, 2022)	0.72
"Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant with various adverse effects."	( Pentachlorophenol exposure induced neurotoxicity by disrupting citrulline metabolism in larvae and adult zebrafish. Gu, Z; Li, L; Li, W; Pei, W; Qian, X; Wu, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhu, J, 2023)	0.91
" GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene underlie the most common form of familial ALS, and generate toxic arginine-containing dipeptide repeats (DPRs), which interfere with membraneless organelles, such as the nucleolus."	( Senataxin helicase, the causal gene defect in ALS4, is a significant modifier of C9orf72 ALS G4C2 and arginine-containing dipeptide repeat toxicity. Arnold, FJ; Bennett, CL; Dastidar, S; Freibaum, BD; Joiner, W; La Spada, AR; McKinstry, SU; Seidner, G; Sopher, BL; Stockford, C; Taylor, JP; West, RJH; Wu, M, 2023)	0.91
" The toxic reactions and the cytostatic effect were investigated."	( [The toxicity of massive dosis of VM26 (4-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-D-thenylidene glucoside). A contribution to the therapy of advanced ovarian cancer (author's transl)]. Jankowski, RP; Vahrson, H, 1977)	0.26
" Although cardiovascular toxic effects are not frequent after administration of VM 26, they should be known to the medical oncologist so that treatment of this side effect may be introduced at the first appearance of the symptoms."	( Cardiovascular toxic effects of VM26 in the treatment of acute lymphatic leukemia. Presentation of two cases. Razon-Veronesi, S, 1982)	0.26
"We studied the frequency, causes, and predictors of adverse events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had completed treatment on contemporary clinical protocols between 1984 and 1999."	( Risk of adverse events after completion of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Campana, D; Cheng, C; Downing, JR; Evans, WE; Hijiya, N; Howard, SC; Hudson, M; Jeha, S; Pei, D; Pui, CH; Razzouk, BI; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Rubnitz, JE; Sandlund, JT, 2005)	0.33
"Of the 827 patients who completed all treatment while in initial complete remission, 134 patients subsequently had major adverse events, including 90 leukemic relapses, 40 second malignancies, and four deaths in remission."	( Risk of adverse events after completion of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Campana, D; Cheng, C; Downing, JR; Evans, WE; Hijiya, N; Howard, SC; Hudson, M; Jeha, S; Pei, D; Pui, CH; Razzouk, BI; Relling, MV; Ribeiro, RC; Rubnitz, JE; Sandlund, JT, 2005)	0.33
" The use of most cytotoxic agents is associated with potential hypersensitivity reactions, and the constant increase of their administration has caused an increase in incidence of these adverse effects, thus becoming a relevant problem for clinicians."	( The complex clinical picture of presumably allergic side effects to cytostatic drugs: symptoms, pathomechanism, reexposure, and desensitization. Pagani, M, 2010)	0.36
"Previously, adverse event reports (AERs) submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database were reviewed to confirm platinum agent-associated hypersensitivity reactions."	( Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kuwahara, A; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.37
" However, the total number of adverse events occurring with procarbazine, asparaginase, teniposide, or etoposide was not large enough to detect signals."	( Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kuwahara, A; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.37
"The FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, and the data mining methods used herein are useful for confirming drug-associated adverse events, but the number of co-occurrences is an important factor in signal detection."	( Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kuwahara, A; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Yamamori, M, 2011)	0.37
" However, the poor water solubility and adverse effects restrict its clinical use."	( Encapsulation of teniposide into albumin nanoparticles with greatly lowered toxicity and enhanced antitumor activity. Fu, Y; Gong, T; He, X; Xiang, N; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhou, J, 2015)	0.42
" Etoposide and teniposide, were 5-10 times less toxic to differentiated neurons compared to the mix of all cells in monolayer cultures."	( Separating chemotherapy-related developmental neurotoxicity from cytotoxicity in monolayer and neurosphere cultures of human fetal brain cells. Al-Rubai, AJ; Grabowska, AM; Ivanov, DP; Pratten, MK, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A HPLC method validated for pharmacokinetic studies allowed the Authors to assay ST 789 concentration in plasma, urine and tissues."	( Pharmacokinetic investigation of ST 789 in rats and mice. Cardace, G; Mancinelli, A; Martelli, EA; Marzo, A, 1992)	0.28
" For the lowest three infusion rates, the half-life (t1/2) of arginine was approximately 15 min and the volume of distribution (Vd) was approximately 290 mL/kg."	( Arginine pharmacokinetics in humans assessed with an enzymatic assay adapted to a centrifugal analyzer. Konings, CH; van Haeften, TW, 1989)	0.28
" In mice and rabbits, the half-life is less than 5 min."	( Pharmacokinetic study of butyric acid administered in vivo as sodium and arginine butyrate salts. Baillet, J; Brazier, M; Cerutti, I; Chany, C; Daniel, P; Desmet, G; Pieri, F; Tardivel, I, 1989)	0.28
" mean elimination half-life of 10."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered haem arginate. Mustajoki, P; Tenhunen, R; Tokola, O; Volin, L, 1986)	0.27
" The half-life of the reductively methylated LDL was approximately twice that obtained for control (unmodified) LDL, and the value for the fractional catabolic rate was approximately half that of the control."	( Inhibition of receptor-mediated clearance of lysine and arginine-modified lipoproteins from the plasma of rats and monkeys. Holcombe, KS; Innerarity, TL; Mahley, RW; Melchior, GW; Weisgraber, KH, 1980)	0.26
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method."	( Dose-ranging study of NG-nitro-L-arginine pharmacokinetics in rats after bolus intravenous administration. Horecký, J; Kállay, Z; Krejcy, K; Krumpl, G; Piotrovskij, V; Trnovec, T, 1994)	0.29
" These pharmacokinetic information may be useful in the design of in vivo experiments involving L-NOARG, as well as in the interpretation of the pharmacodynamics of this important nitric oxide synthase inhibitor."	( Pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and urinary excretion of N omega-nitro-L-arginine in rats. Fung, HL; Tabrizi-Fard, MA, 1994)	0.29
" The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the various active ingredients was examined at a haematic level."	( Pharmacokinetic study of the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence after oral intensive or repeated short term treatment with two polyamino acid formulations. Castana, R; Insirello, L; Leonardi, G; Matera, M, 1993)	0.29
" Substantial inter-subject variability in the evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters was observed in the present study."	( Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen enantiomers after administration of a new oral formulation (ibuprofen arginine) to healthy male volunteers. Bani, M; Brogin, G; Della Pepa, C; Eandi, M; Fornasini, G; Gallina, M; Monti, N; Persiani, S; Strolin Benedetti, M; Zara, G, 1997)	0.3
" Clearance was 544+/-24 (440-620), 894+/-164 (470-1190), and 1018+/-230 (710-2130) ml min(-1), and elimination half-life was calculated as 41."	( L-arginine-induced vasodilation in healthy humans: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship. Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Frölich, JC; Galland, A; Tsikas, D, 1998)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic alterations may contribute to this observation."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine during chronic administration to patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Hoffman, BB; Moreno, H; Tangphao, O, 1999)	0.3
" The observed variation was taken into account when interpreting the pharmacokinetic data obtained after exogenous administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L-arginine in normal volunteers. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Grossmann, M; Hoffman, BB; Tangphao, O, 1999)	0.3
" The peak concentration after oral administration (10 g) was 50."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L-arginine in normal volunteers. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Grossmann, M; Hoffman, BB; Tangphao, O, 1999)	0.3
" Mean values for argatroban area under the concentration-time curves (AUC0-inf), maximum concentration (Cmax), and half-life (t1/2) were similar between regimens."	( Assessment of the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between erythromycin and argatroban. Benincosa, LJ; Di Cicco, RA; Hursting, MJ; Jorkasky, DK; Peng, L; Sheth, SB; Tran, JQ; Tucci, M, 1999)	0.3
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of L-NMMA and pharmacokinetic interactions with L-arginine in healthy subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of systemic nitric oxide-synthase inhibition with L-NMMA in humans. Derendorf, H; Eichler, HG; Krishnaswami, S; Mayer, BX; Mensik, C; Schmetterer, L; Wolzt, M, 1999)	0.3
") with elimination half-life of 63."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of systemic nitric oxide-synthase inhibition with L-NMMA in humans. Derendorf, H; Eichler, HG; Krishnaswami, S; Mayer, BX; Mensik, C; Schmetterer, L; Wolzt, M, 1999)	0.3
" Future pharmacodynamic studies of beta2-agonists should include determination of 02-adrenergic receptor genotype."	( Impact of genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor on albuterol bronchodilator pharmacodynamics. Eberle, LV; Johnson, JA; Lima, JJ; Mohamed, MH; Self, TH; Thomason, DB, 1999)	0.3
" Based on the above findings one would expect the free serum warfarin concentration in homozygous R218P and R218H FDH patients to be elevated about 5-fold, resulting in about a 5-fold reduction in the serum half-life of the drug."	( Familial dysalbuminemic byperthyroxinemia may result in altered warfarin pharmacokinetics. Bhagavan, NV; Ha, CE; Harohalli, K; Park, DS; Petersen, CE, 2000)	0.31
" Study 1: the pharmacokinetic profile was well described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination; effect response and plasma argatroban concentrations were well correlated."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban: effects of age, gender, and hepatic or renal dysfunction. Hursting, MJ; Swan, SK, 2000)	0.31
" The recovered amount was proportionate to the dosage and followed the expected kinetics with a half-life of <20 min."	( Pharmacokinetics of argatroban in primates: evidence on endogenous uptake. Ahmad, S; Ahsan, A; Fareed, J; Fu, K; Hoppensteadt, DA; Iqbal, O; Lewis, BE; Walenga, JM; Yang, LH, 2000)	0.31
"The potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between argatroban and warfarin was studied."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interactions between argatroban and warfarin. Brown, PM; Hursting, MJ, 2002)	0.31
" This study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics of L-arginine, a NO precursor, and to relate the disposition of this amino acid to the pharmacodynamic endpoint of neuronal NO production."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of L-arginine in rats: a model of stimulated neuronal nitric oxide synthesis. Heinzen, EL; Pollack, GM, 2003)	0.32
" Pharmacodynamic modeling suggested that this latter effect was consistent with a hyperalgesic response."	( Pharmacodynamics of morphine-induced neuronal nitric oxide production and antinociceptive tolerance development. Heinzen, EL; Pollack, GM, 2004)	0.32
" The primary objective of this study was to compare the 12-h pharmacokinetic profile of S(+)-ibuprofen following administration of single doses of ibuprofen arginate (600 mg) and dexibuprofen (400 mg) in healthy volunteers."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	0.33
" Compared with dexibuprofen, ibuprofen arginate demonstrated a 45% higher maximum concentration (C(max)), and a time to peak concentration (T(max)) 2 h sooner."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	0.33
" Blood samples were taken for 8 h after AAKG ingestion to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of L-arginine."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects on exercise performance of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Bowden, R; Campbell, B; Greenwood, M; Kerksick, C; Kreider, R; Leutholtz, B; Marcello, B; Nassar, E; Rasmussen, C; Roberts, M; Taylor, L; Wilborn, C, 2006)	0.33
" Finally, data from various pharmacokinetic studies together with basic physiology and biochemistry indicate that ARG is a net urea producer and ORN has a nitrogen-sparing effect, whereas CIT is neutral."	( Pharmacokinetics of arginine and related amino acids. Cynober, L, 2007)	0.34
" Consistent with the improved pharmacokinetic profile, conjugation to CPP increased the uptake of PMO in all tissues except brain, varied between organ type with greater uptake enhancement occurring in liver, spleen, and lungs."	( Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, stability and toxicity of a cell-penetrating peptide-morpholino oligomer conjugate. Amantana, A; Cate, ML; Hassinger, JN; Iversen, PL; Moulton, HM; Reddy, MT; Whitehead, T; Youngblood, DS, )	0.13
"This study demonstrates that conjugation of CPP to PMO enhances the PMO pharmacokinetic profile, tissue uptake, and subsequent retention."	( Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, stability and toxicity of a cell-penetrating peptide-morpholino oligomer conjugate. Amantana, A; Cate, ML; Hassinger, JN; Iversen, PL; Moulton, HM; Reddy, MT; Whitehead, T; Youngblood, DS, )	0.13
" The aim of our study was to assess this metabolic conversion and its subsequent pharmacodynamic effects."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Böger, RH; Freese, R; Jambrecina, A; Jung, D; Lukacs, Z; Maas, R; Schulze, F; Schwedhelm, E; Spickler, W, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max), T(max), C(min), AUC) were calculated after 1 week of oral supplementation."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Böger, RH; Freese, R; Jambrecina, A; Jung, D; Lukacs, Z; Maas, R; Schulze, F; Schwedhelm, E; Spickler, W, 2008)	0.35
" However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics and tolerance to loading have not been studied to date."	( Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study. Bénazeth, S; Cynober, L; Darquy, S; Moinard, C; Neveux, N; Nicolis, I, 2008)	0.35
" We developed a pharmacokinetic model for L-arginine in moderately severe malaria to explore the concentration-time profile and identify important covariates."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; McNeil, YR; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2008)	0.35
"To our knowledge, this is the first reported pharmacokinetic study on an IED even though these products have been on the market for 20 years."	( Increasing plasma glutamine in postoperative patients fed an arginine-rich immune-enhancing diet--a pharmacokinetic randomized controlled study. Arnaud-Battandier, F; Curis, E; Cynober, L; Delpierre, E; Loï, C; Neveux, N; Niddam, C; Zazzo, JF, 2009)	0.35
" A 2-compartment model with first-order elimination adequately described the pharmacokinetic profile of argatroban over all 3 dosing groups."	( Anticoagulation with argatroban for elective percutaneous coronary intervention: population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of coagulation parameters. Akimoto, K; Harder, S; Klinkhardt, U; Niethammer, M; Zeiher, A, 2011)	0.37
"Currently, several ibuprofen compounds are available on the market, mainly differing in terms of pharmaceutical composition that influence the pharmacokinetic profile and eventually the onset of drug action."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginine. Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E, 2010)	0.36
" The validated HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in rats following oral administration of leonurine."	( Quantification of leonurine, a novel potential cardiovascular agent, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. Cai, W; Ma, G; Sha, X; Shi, X; Zheng, Y; Zhu, Q; Zhu, Y, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic stereoselectivity was higher after oral administration than that after intravenous administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in rats after intravenous and oral administration of ibuprofen arginate. Han, J; Liu, HC; Wang, XL; Zhang, D, 2012)	0.38
"This article reviews the potential use of argatroban for the treatment of ACS and presents the pharmacokinetic data currently available."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of argatroban for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Cruz-González, I; López-Jiménez, R; Perez-Rivera, A; Yan, BP, 2012)	0.38
" Pharmacokinetic profiling of an orally administered MEL salt was also carried out in both normal rats and rats treated with propantheline for the suppression of gastric motility."	( Development of meloxicam salts with improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats with impaired gastric motility. Inoue, R; Ochi, M; Onoue, S; Yamada, S; Yamauchi, Y, 2013)	0.39
"43 L/kg and terminal half-life of 30 min."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of N(ω)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, an arginase inhibitor, after single-dose intravenous, intraperitoneal and intratracheal administration to brown Norway rats. Babicova, A; Chladek, J; Havlinova, Z; Hroch, M, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic analyses of L-arginine concentrations were performed using NONMEM."	( A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic modelling (n = 4) showed L-arginine concentrations 40% lower than predicted from models developed in MSM."	( A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2013)	0.39
" In conclusion, pharmacokinetic data of the present study can guide rational dosing of nor-NOHA in future studies."	( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, and its effect on plasma amino acids concentrations in Wistar rats. Chládek, J; Havlínová, Z; Holeček, M; Hroch, M; Nagy, A; Sišpera, L, 2014)	0.4
" SMT C1100 was absorbed rapidly following single and multiple oral doses, with median tmax attained within 2-3."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SMT C1100, a 2-arylbenzoxazole utrophin modulator, following single- and multiple-dose administration to healthy male adult volunteers. Davies, KE; Robinson, N; Tinsley, J, 2015)	0.42
" A PK model describing arginine concentrations in patients with moderately severe malaria was extended with two pharmacodynamic biomeasures, the intermediary biochemical step (NO production) and endothelial function (RH-PAT index)."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model for the Effect of l-Arginine on Endothelial Function in Patients with Moderately Severe Falciparum Malaria. Anstey, NM; Brussee, JM; Duffull, SB; Lampah, DA; Yeo, TW, 2016)	0.43
"Only limited data are available on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of argatroban in critically ill patients under clinical conditions."	( Argatroban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill cardiac surgical patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Bek, MJ; Keyl, C; Trenk, D; Wiessner, M; Zimmer, E, 2016)	0.43
" However, the short elimination half-life time and treatment without targeting limits its application."	( N-octyl-N-arginine-chitosan micelles for gambogic acid intravenous delivery: characterization, cell uptake, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Jiang, F; Tang, X; Wang, B; Yu, F, 2018)	0.48
" Ciraparantag reaches maximum concentration within minutes after IV administration with a half-life of 12 to 19 minutes."	( Ciraparantag, an anticoagulant reversal drug: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and reversal of anticoagulants. Ansell, J; Baker, C; Bakhru, SH; Burnett, A; Chen, L; Jiang, X; Laulicht, BE; Steiner, S; Villano, S, 2021)	0.62
" This work identified heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP-A1) as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of type I PRMT inhibition."	( Identification of hnRNP-A1 as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of type I PRMT inhibition in blood and tumor tissues. Annan, RS; Creasy, CL; Liu, Y; McHugh, CF; Mohammad, HP; Montes de Oca, R; Noto, PB; Piccoli, SP; Sikorski, TW; Szapacs, ME; Wagner, CD; Zappacosta, F, 2020)	0.56
"To prepare and characterize D-alpha-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) modified arginine deiminase (ADI) sulfobutyl-β-Cyclodextrin liposome nanoparticles (ATCL), and to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ATCL in animals."	( [Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Study of Arginine Deiminase Lipid Nanoparticles]. Feng, J; Liu, YY; Yang, Q; Zhang, JQ; Zhong, CL, 2021)	0.62
"1 was used to analyze the pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( [Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Study of Arginine Deiminase Lipid Nanoparticles]. Feng, J; Liu, YY; Yang, Q; Zhang, JQ; Zhong, CL, 2021)	0.62
"The pharmacokinetic profile of ZST316 and ZST152, arginine analogues with inhibitory activity towards human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1), was investigated in mice using a newly developed HPLC-MS/MS method."	( Pharmacokinetic Characterization of the DDAH1 Inhibitors ZST316 and ZST152 in Mice Using a HPLC-MS/MS Method. Ceruti, T; Fichera, S; Frapolli, R; Mangoni, AA; Russo, M; Tommasi, S; Zucchetti, M, 2022)	0.72
" When administered orally, the NO-L-arginine precursor, L-citrulline, increases NO production in children and adults, however, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of oral L-citrulline have not been performed in infants and children."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-Citrulline in Neonates at Risk of Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Aschner, JL; Avachat, C; Birnbaum, AK; Fike, CD; Sherwin, CM, 2023)	0.91
"A possible pharmacokinetic interaction between teniposide and anticonvulsant medications was evaluated in pediatric patients."	( Increased teniposide clearance with concomitant anticonvulsant therapy. Baker, DK; Christensen, ML; Evans, WE; Pui, CH; Relling, MV; Rodman, JH, 1992)	0.28
" As single agents, they display different dose-limiting toxicities and favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics in IP phase I trials."	( Teniposide and cisplatin given by intraperitoneal administration: preclinical and phase I/pharmacokinetic studies. Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; de Forni, M; Houin, G; Johnson, NP; Plusquellec, Y; Roche, H, 1991)	0.28
" Plasma samples were obtained during and after infusions at appropriate times for a comprehensive pharmacokinetic study of each drug."	( Pharmacokinetics of continuous infusion of methotrexate and teniposide in pediatric cancer patients. Evans, WE; Kavanagh, RL; Ochs, J; Rivera, GK; Rodman, JH; Sunderland, M; Yalowich, J, 1990)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic studies, carried out in all courses, showed that the total exposure for peritoneal cavity averaged 10-fold greater than that of plasma."	( Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of intraperitoneal teniposide (VM 26). Bugat, R; Canal, P; Carton, M; Chatelut, E; Houin, G; Pinel, MC; Plusquellec, Y, 1989)	0.28
"A pharmacokinetic study of teniposide after ip administration with a 4-h dwell time was performed in patients suffering from abdominal malignant ascites."	( A pharmacokinetic model for intraperitoneal administration of drugs: application to teniposide in humans. Bugat, R; Canal, P; Chatelut, E; De Biasi, J; Houin, G; Plusquellec, Y, 1989)	0.28
" In the case of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamine)-1,4-benzoquinone, we observed about an 80-fold difference between its in vitro half-life of 40."	( Application of in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetics for physiologically relevant drug exposure in a human tumor clonogenic cell assay. Ali-Osman, F; Dougherty, D; Giblin, J; Rosenblum, ML, 1987)	0.27
" The objectives of the trial reported here were to evaluate clinical responses and assess pharmacokinetic parameters as a determinant of outcome when VM-26 was administered as a 72-hour continuous infusion (CI) with doses escalated from 300 to 750 mg/m2 per course."	( Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion teniposide: systemic exposure as a determinant of response in a phase I trial. Abromowitch, M; Evans, WE; Hayes, FA; Rivera, GK; Rodman, JH; Sinkule, JA, 1987)	0.27
" At both of the above doses VM26 disappeared from mouse plasma biphasically, with an elimination half-life of about 70 mins."	( Activity and pharmacokinetics of teniposide in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. Broggini, M; Colombo, T; D'Incalci, M, 1983)	0.27
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by both model-dependent and compartment model-independent methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of Teniposide (VM26) and etoposide (VP16-213) in children with cancer. Crom, WR; Dow, L; Evans, WE; Look, AT; Rivera, G; Sinkule, JA, 1982)	0.26
" Subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis of one patient suggests that protein binding displacement of VP16-213 in plasma and perhaps ascites fluid increased the pharmacokinetic volume of distribution (28 l) and reduced the elimination half-life (12 h)."	( Combination chemotherapy of the epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, teniposide and etoposide. A pharmacodynamic rationale? Allen, LM; Nordqvist, S; Okonmah, AD; Tejada, F, 1982)	0.26
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were analyzed."	( Effect of cyclosporine on teniposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with renal cell cancer. Boiocchi, M; Colussi, AM; De Appollonia, L; Freschi, A; Galligioni, E; Gigante, M; Sandrin, A; Sorio, R; Talamini, R; Toffoli, G, 1995)	0.29
"We conducted a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin. de Jong, RS; de Vries, EG; Groen, HJ; Höppener, FJ; Mulder, NH; Sleijfer, DT; Uges, DR; van der Graaf, WT; Willemse, PH, 1999)	0.3
" The peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the curves (AUC) in peritoneal cavity and plasma were dose-dependent."	( [A pharmacokinetic study of teniposide in intraperitoneal chemotherapy of ovarian cancer]. Cheng, A; Hong, Z; Peng, Z, 1999)	0.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mucosal gastric damages in rats induced by intragastric ethanol introduction decreased considerably on the background of action of one of the antidepressants (asaphen, inkasan and OF-743) in combination with arginine."	( [The antiulcer action of antidepressants. II. The effect of the antidepressants inkazan, azafen, and OF-743 in combination with arginine on ethanol-evoked damage to the gastric mucosa in rats]. Ashmarin, IP; Natsvlishvili, NA; Samonina, GE, 1991)	0.28
" Interferon gamma, in combination with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 (IL-1), or endotoxin, induced murine brain endothelial cells to secrete nitrites (20-45 microM within 48 hr), which are breakdown products of nitric oxide."	( Endothelial cell production of nitrogen oxides in response to interferon gamma in combination with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, or endotoxin. Belloni, P; Kilbourn, RG, 1990)	0.28
" This investigation demonstrates that treatment with NO-inhalation, in order to prevent the dramatic increase in MPAP, PVR and the alterations in peripheral blood gases combined with systemic L-NMMAto improve systemic MABP and thus organ perfusion, may be a new therapeutic regimen in the treatment of septic shock."	( Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition combined with nitric oxide inhalation in a porcine model of endotoxin shock. Henning, R; Klemm, P; Martorana, PA; Thiemermann, C; Winklmaier, G, 1995)	0.29
" To clarify their role, we studied the influence of inhibition of plasma FFA levels, induced by 500 mg oral acipimox (ACX), an antilipolytic drug, on the GH response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) alone or combined with arginine ([ARG] study A) in six normal women ([NS] aged 24 to 37 years; body mass index, 22."	( Effects of acipimox, an antilipolytic drug, on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine in obesity. Boffano, GM; Camanni, F; Ghigo, E; Grottoli, S; Maccario, M; Oleandri, SE; Procopio, M; Taliano, M, 1996)	0.29
" Our aim was to clarify the effect of a 3 or 4-day fast, on the GH response to GHRH alone or combined with arginine, an amino acid probably acting via inhibition of hypothalamic somatostatin release."	( Short-term fasting in obesity fails to restore the blunted GH responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine. Boffano, GM; Camanni, F; Ghigo, E; Grottoli, S; Maccario, M; Oleandri, SE; Procopio, M, 1995)	0.29
" In spite of a reduction in body weight and IGF-I, insulin and glucose levels, in OB fasting failed to modify both the basal GH levels and the somatotroph responsiveness to GHRH when administered either alone or combined with ARG."	( Short-term fasting in obesity fails to restore the blunted GH responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine. Boffano, GM; Camanni, F; Ghigo, E; Grottoli, S; Maccario, M; Oleandri, SE; Procopio, M, 1995)	0.29
"The results of this study demonstrate that in obesity the somatotroph hyporesponsiveness to GHRH, either alone or combined with arginine, is not improved by short-term fasting."	( Short-term fasting in obesity fails to restore the blunted GH responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine. Boffano, GM; Camanni, F; Ghigo, E; Grottoli, S; Maccario, M; Oleandri, SE; Procopio, M, 1995)	0.29
"The effects of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, and of its combination with NW-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAG) on the microcirculatory changes observed in early stages of endotoxemia were investigated in male hamsters treated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)."	( Effects of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, and its combination with NW-nitro-L-arginine on early events following lipopolysaccharide injection: observations in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Bouskela, E; Rubanyi, GM, )	0.13
") alone or combined with ARG (0."	( Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy show reduction of the somatotroph responsiveness to GHRH both alone and combined with arginine. Aimaretti, G; Arvat, E; Benso, A; Bobbio, M; Broglio, F; Fubini, A; Ghigo, E; Gottero, C; Vito, LD, 2000)	0.31
" The GH response to GHRH alone and combined with ARG was not associated with the severity of the disease."	( Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy show reduction of the somatotroph responsiveness to GHRH both alone and combined with arginine. Aimaretti, G; Arvat, E; Benso, A; Bobbio, M; Broglio, F; Fubini, A; Ghigo, E; Gottero, C; Vito, LD, 2000)	0.31
"DCM patients show blunted GH responses to GHRH both alone and combined with ARG."	( Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy show reduction of the somatotroph responsiveness to GHRH both alone and combined with arginine. Aimaretti, G; Arvat, E; Benso, A; Bobbio, M; Broglio, F; Fubini, A; Ghigo, E; Gottero, C; Vito, LD, 2000)	0.31
" In the present study, 10 patients (3 men and 7 women, aged 48-63 yr) with an adrenal mass discovered serendipitously underwent, on separate occasions, a GHRH injection alone or combined with an infusion of the functional somatostatin antagonist, arginine."	( Growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: evidence for enhanced somatostatinergic tone. Alí, A; Angeli, A; Bossoni, S; Doga, M; Giustina, A; Manelli, F; Milani, G; Peretti, P; Reimondo, G; Terzolo, M, 2000)	0.31
"Recently, specific immunonutrients were found to increase experimental allograft survival when combined with cyclosporine A (CsA)."	( Nutritional immunomodulation leads to enhanced allograft survival in combination with cyclosporine A and rapamycin, but not FK506. Alexander, JW; Babcock, GF; Custer, DA; Frede, S; Gibson, SW; Li, BG; Ogle, CK; Valente, JF, 2000)	0.31
" In vivo anti-tumor activity of BCH-1393 was evaluated, either alone or in combination with subtherapeutic doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy), against weakly immunogenic mouse breast carcinoma DA-3 and strongly immunogenic colon adenocarcinoma MC38."	( Synergistic anti-tumor activity of a novel immunomodulator, BCH-1393, in combination with cyclophosphamide. Attardo, G; Connolly, T; Gagnon, L; Heibein, J; Kadhim, S; Lagraoui, M; Penney, C; Zacharie, B, 2000)	0.31
" When combined with arginine, however, GHRH becomes a potent and reproducible test, which is unaffected by gender and aging, showing excellent specificity."	( Growth hormone-releasing hormone combined with arginine or growth hormone secretagogues for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Aimaretti, G; Arvat, E; Camanni, F; Ghigo, E, 2001)	0.31
") in rats under hypothermia combined with a modification of L-arginine-NO pathway."	( Blood oxygen transport in rats under hypothermia combined with modification of the L-Arginine-NO pathway. Dorokhina, LV; Zinchuk, VV, 2002)	0.31
" This dysfunction is ameliorated through regional administration of L-arg in combination with standard thrombolytic therapy, which increases local NO levels."	( Endothelial dysfunction after arterial thrombosis is ameliorated by L-arginine in combination with thrombolysis. Davis, MR; Ignarro, LJ; Kashyap, VS; Kerby, JD; Ortegon, DP, 2003)	0.32
"The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship of argatroban, administered in combination with a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, was characterized in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban in combination with a platelet glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor antagonist in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Aluri, J; Boyle, DA; Cox, DS; Fossler, MJ; Holdbrook, F; Kleiman, NS; Parchman, LG, 2004)	0.32
" These findings suggest a putative role for L-arginine in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for end-stage coronary artery disease."	( Normalization of coronary microvascular reactivity and improvement in myocardial perfusion by surgical vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with oral supplementation of l-arginine in a porcine model of endothelial dysfunction. Bianchi, C; Feng, J; Khan, TA; Li, J; Malik, T; Rosinberg, A; Ruel, M; Sellke, FW; Voisine, P; Xu, SH, 2005)	0.33
" The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute antioxidant supplementation alone and combined with arginase inhibition on reflex VD in aged skin."	( Acute ascorbate supplementation alone or combined with arginase inhibition augments reflex cutaneous vasodilation in aged human skin. Holowatz, LA; Kenney, WL; Thompson, CS, 2006)	0.33
"To examine the functional significance of 12-LOX 261 Arg> Gln polymorphism and its association, alone and in combination with COX-2 -1195G > A and -765G > C polymorphisms, with risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)."	( Platelet 12-lipoxygenase Arg261Gln polymorphism: functional characterization and association with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in combination with COX-2 polymorphisms. Guo, Y; Lin, D; Miao, X; Sun, T; Tan, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, D, 2007)	0.34
"001) or in combination with L-arginine (9."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine determines the improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation by simvastatin: Effect of combination with oral L-arginine. Benndorf, RA; Bierend, A; Böger, GI; Böger, RH; Dumbadze, E; Maas, R; Rudolph, TK; Schwedhelm, E, 2007)	0.34
" To develop a more objective and efficient tool for discriminating herbal origins, particularly Korean and Chinese, we employed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach combined with an orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) multivariate analysis."	( Application of a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach combined with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis as an efficient tool for discriminating between Korean and Chinese herbal medicines. Choi, MY; Kang, J; Kang, S; Kim, HJ; Kwon, HN; Kwon, SW; Lee, CH; Park, M; Park, S; Wen, H; Wiklund, S, 2008)	0.35
"We investigated the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, alone or in combination with the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism, with jumping (vertical squat and counter-movement jump tests) and sprint ability (30 m dash) in non-athletic, healthy young adults [N = 281 (214 male), mean (SD) age 21 (2) years]."	( Does the ACE I/D polymorphism, alone or in combination with the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, influence muscle power phenotypes in young, non-athletic adults? Fiuza-Luces, C; Gómez-Gallego, F; González-Freire, M; Lucia, A; Morán, M; Rodríguez-Romo, G; Ruiz, JR; Santiago, C, 2010)	0.36
"Folic acid is antidepressant, either alone or combined with several antidepressant drugs."	( Fluoxetine, 17-β estradiol or folic acid combined with intra-lateral septal infusions of neuropeptide Y produced antidepressant-like actions in ovariectomized rats forced to swim. Molina-Hernández, M; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2011)	0.37
" This suggests that the use of purines combined with NO donors could be effective to treat some specific erectile disorders."	( Effects of nucleotides adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate in combination with L-arginine on male rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue. Hupertan, V; Leammel, E; Lebret, T; Neuzillet, Y; Pons, C; Stücker, O, 2012)	0.38
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lauric arginate (LAE) when used alone or in combination with the essential oil (EO) from cinnamon leaf and EO components, thymol and eugenol."	( Antimicrobial properties of lauric arginate alone or in combination with essential oils in tryptic soy broth and 2% reduced fat milk. Davidson, PM; Ma, Q; Zhong, Q, 2013)	0.39
" Gentamicin, amikacin or vancomycin was combined with disodium EDTA or l-arginine for 24 h to reproduce the antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) approach."	( In vitro activity of gentamicin, vancomycin or amikacin combined with EDTA or l-arginine as lock therapy against a wide spectrum of biofilm-forming clinical strains isolated from catheter-related infections. Beloin, C; Ghigo, JM; Lebeaux, D; Leflon-Guibout, V, 2015)	0.42
"The influence of L-carnitine and afobazole and their combination with L-arginine on biochemical and histological indices of endothelial dysfunction in rats with cobalt intoxication."	( [Effect of L-carnitine, afobazole and their combination with L-arginine on biochemical and histological indices of endothelial disfunction in cobalt intoxication in rats]. Dzugkoev, SG; Dzugkoeva, FS; Margieva, OI; Mozhaeva, IV; Otiev, MA, )	0.13
"In this small study, use of ADMA in combination with NT-proBNP produced excellent sensitivity and specificity for the non-invasive identification of SSc-PAH."	( The role of asymmetric dimethylarginine alone and in combination with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a screening biomarker for systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case control study. Gabbay, E; Lester, S; Nash, P; Nikpour, M; Prior, D; Proudman, SM; Rabusa, C; Rischmueller, M; Roddy, J; Sahhar, J; Stevens, W; Thakkar, V; Walker, JG; Youssef, P; Zochling, J, )	0.13
" Our experience indicates that medical therapy for hemolysis and suspected LVAD thrombosis with warfarin and eptifibatide alone or in combination with argatroban or heparin appears safe and may be effective, although the episodes of recurrent hemolysis after medical management remain high."	( The Use of Eptifibatide Alone or in Combination With Heparin or Argatroban for Suspected Thrombosis in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Abramov, D; Birks, E; Bitar, A; Lenneman, A; Massey, T; Slaughter, M; Vijayakrishnan, R, 2017)	0.46
" However, HPP alone and in combination with LAE was not able to reach significant microbial reduction."	( Effect of ethyl-lauroyl-arginate hypochloride in combination with high hydrostatic pressure processing on the microbial load and physico-chemical characteristics of minced and portioned chicken breast meat. Bechstein, DV; Krischek, C; Popp, J; Sudhaus-Joern, N, 2019)	0.51
" The aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the indices of nitric oxide (NO) system in blood serum and a colon tissue supernatant of rats with chronic enterocolitis combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes."	( The effect of flavonoid quercetine on the indices of nitric oxide system in rats with chronic enterocolitis combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Krynytska, І; Kushynska, M; Marushchak, M; Pavlenko, I, )	0.13
" Herewith more pronounced intensification of nitroxydergic processes was observed in rats with chronic enterocolitis combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes."	( The effect of flavonoid quercetine on the indices of nitric oxide system in rats with chronic enterocolitis combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Krynytska, І; Kushynska, M; Marushchak, M; Pavlenko, I, )	0.13
" In conclusion, Leu alone or in combination with Glu is benefit for biceps femoris muscle growth in fattening pig."	( Leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid, but not with arginine, increases biceps femoris muscle and alters muscle AA transport and concentrations in fattening pigs. Deng, J; Duan, Y; Hu, C; Kong, X; Li, F; Tan, C; Wu, G; Yan, Y; Yin, Y, 2019)	0.51
" These findings suggest that decreased body fat weight in finishing pigs can be induced by Glu supplementation alone or in combination with Arg."	( Glutamic acid supplementation reduces body fat weight in finishing pigs when provided solely or in combination with arginine and it is associated with colonic propionate and butyrate concentrations. Duan, Y; Hu, C; Kong, X; Li, F; Yin, Y, 2019)	0.51
" Here, the natural product betulinic acid (BA) and chemical drug lonidamine (LN) were used as chemosensitizers in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) for ovarian cancer treatment."	( Doxorubicin combined with betulinic acid or lonidamine in RGD ligand-targeted pH-sensitive micellar system for ovarian cancer treatment. Jin, X; Lv, H; Zhang, Z; Zhou, J, 2019)	0.51
" Our results suggest that mecamylamine produces a better antidepressant efficacy in combination with l-NAME than with l-arginine."	( Better antidepressant efficacy of mecamylamine in combination with L-NAME than with L-arginine. Ebrahimi-Ghiri, M; Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani, MH; Nasehi, M; Zarrindast, MR, 2020)	0.56
"Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QEOrbitrap-MS/MS) was used to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of ginkgo flavone aglycone(GA) combined with doxorubicin(DOX) on H22 cells."	( [Cell metabolomics study of ginkgo flavone aglycone combined with doxorubicin against liver cancer in synergy]. Chen, JY; He, Y; Li, YJ; Liu, CH; Lu, Y; Song, ZJ; Wang, YL; Zhu, XQ, 2022)	0.72
" obtusifolius extracts alone and in combination with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors."	( Anti-cancer effect of Rumex obtusifolius in combination with arginase/nitric oxide synthase inhibitors via downregulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and polyamine synthesis. Avtandilyan, N; Bartoszek, A; Ginovyan, M; Jakubek, P; Javrushyan, H; Karapetyan, A; Koss-Mikołajczyk, I; Koziara, Z; Kuczyńska, M; Kusznierewicz, B; Maloyan, A; Petrosyan, G; Sahakyan, N, 2023)	0.91
"56 patients with advanced breast carcinoma, primarily or secondarily resistant to a four drug combination including Adriamycine, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide and 5 Fluoro-Uracile, entered a phase II trial using association of VM 26, Mitomycine C and Methotrexate."	( [Effectiveness of VM 26, mitomycine C and methotrexate in advanced breast cancer refractory to a four drug combination (author's transl)]. Garcia-Giralt, E; Jouve, M; Magdelenat, H; Palangie, T; Pouillart, P, 1979)	0.26
"Vitamin A, whether combined with various cytotoxic drugs or not, did not show, when different experimental schedules were used, an anti-tumour effect on various murine tumours."	( Vitamin A: failure to demonstrate in mice an anti-tumour effect, whether combined with cytotoxic drugs or not. Bresson, ML; Cattan, A, 1986)	0.27
"Sixteen patients with intracerebral tumors received intraarterial cisplatin, teniposide, and BCNU combined with intravenous cisplatin, teniposide, and cytosine arabinoside."	( Feasibility study of intraarterial vs intravenous cisplatin, BCNU, and teniposide combined with systemic cisplatin, teniposide, cytosine arabinoside, glycerol and mannitol in the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors. Belanger, G; Benoit, B; DaSilva, V; Grahovac, Z; Hugenholtz, H; Richard, MT; Russell, N; Stewart, DJ, 1993)	0.29
"The introduction of platinum compounds and epipodophyllotoxins in combination with vincristine as induction chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) was investigated in order to: (1) compare the efficacy of cisplatin with that of carboplatin in combination with teniposide and vincristine as inducers of remission over three cycles; (2) compare the toxicity pattern of carboplatin and of cisplatin when given in combination regimens; and (3) compare a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of three alternating combinations with that of regimens consisting of four alternating combinations."	( Superiority of cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with teniposide and vincristine in the induction chemotherapy of small-cell lung cancer. A randomized trial with 5 years follow up. Bergman, B; Dombernowsky, P; Hansen, HH; Hansen, M; Hirsch, FR; Kristjansen, PE; Lassen, U; Osterlind, K; Sigsgaard, TC, 1996)	0.29
"From November 1985 to September 1991, 484 consecutive, previously untreated patients with SCLC, performance status 0-4, entered a three armed randomized trial with three cycles of cisplatin (arm I) or carboplatin (arm II) in combination with teniposide and vincristine alternating with three treatment blocks of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, lomustine and vincristine (block A), doxorubicin and vincristine (block B) and cisplatin, hexamethylmelamine and vindesine (block C) versus alternating treatment with block A, B and C (arm III)."	( Superiority of cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with teniposide and vincristine in the induction chemotherapy of small-cell lung cancer. A randomized trial with 5 years follow up. Bergman, B; Dombernowsky, P; Hansen, HH; Hansen, M; Hirsch, FR; Kristjansen, PE; Lassen, U; Osterlind, K; Sigsgaard, TC, 1996)	0.29
"6-fold when combined with ICRF-187 (B."	( Improved targeting of brain tumors using dexrazoxane rescue of topoisomerase II combined with supralethal doses of etoposide and teniposide. Holm, B; Jensen, PB; Sehested, M, 1998)	0.3
"To compare the clinical efficacy of VP-16(etoposide) with VM-26(teniposide) both plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer(SCLC)."	( [VP-16 and VM-26 plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer]. Jin, X; Liu, Z; Luo, B; Yin, L; Zeng, P, 1998)	0.3
" The treatment of both groups was combined with radiotherapy."	( [VP-16 and VM-26 plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer]. Jin, X; Liu, Z; Luo, B; Yin, L; Zeng, P, 1998)	0.3
"The results indicate that both VP-16 and VM-26 combined with platinum drugs were effective chemotherapy protocols."	( [VP-16 and VM-26 plus platinum drugs combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer]. Jin, X; Liu, Z; Luo, B; Yin, L; Zeng, P, 1998)	0.3
"To evaluate to effects and complications of palliative irradiation combined with chemotherapy for lung cancer with brain metastasis."	( [Palliative irradiation combined with chemotherapy for lung cancer with brain metastasis]. Wang, L; Yang, H; Ye, M, 2001)	0.31
"To compare the clinical efficacy and toxicity of teniposide (VM26) of higher dose with those of lower dose, both combined with cisplatin (CDDP) and pingyangmycin (PYM), in the treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral and maxillofacial region (SCCOMR)."	( [Chemotherapy with higher or lower dose of teniposide combined with cisplatin and pingyangmycin for oral squamous cell carcinoma]. Chen, WT; Guo, W; Pan, HY; Qiu, WL; Xu, Q; Ye, DX, 2004)	0.32
" Thirty-three patients were treated with higher dose of VM26 (total dose was 320 mg) combined with CDDP and PYM (PTP1), the other thirty-two patients were treated with lower dose (total dose was 158 mg) of VM26 combined with CDDP and PYM (PTP2)."	( [Chemotherapy with higher or lower dose of teniposide combined with cisplatin and pingyangmycin for oral squamous cell carcinoma]. Chen, WT; Guo, W; Pan, HY; Qiu, WL; Xu, Q; Ye, DX, 2004)	0.32
"25% and relatively slighter adverse events could be obtained for lower dose of VM26 combined with CDDP and PYM (PTP2)."	( [Chemotherapy with higher or lower dose of teniposide combined with cisplatin and pingyangmycin for oral squamous cell carcinoma]. Chen, WT; Guo, W; Pan, HY; Qiu, WL; Xu, Q; Ye, DX, 2004)	0.32
" The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas."	( [Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas]. Chen, ZP; Jiang, XB; Mu, YG; Sai, K; Shen, D; Yang, QY; Zhang, XH, 2011)	0.37
" Individualized chemotherapy was administered based on O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression and previous chemotherapy responses in combined with nimotuzumab."	( [Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas]. Chen, ZP; Jiang, XB; Mu, YG; Sai, K; Shen, D; Yang, QY; Zhang, XH, 2011)	0.37
"Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy has moderate activity in patients with malignant gliomas and the toxicities are well tolerable, therefore, worth further investigation."	( [Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas]. Chen, ZP; Jiang, XB; Mu, YG; Sai, K; Shen, D; Yang, QY; Zhang, XH, 2011)	0.37

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"5% of the drug given to be excreted in urine, this leading to conclude that this drug is poorly absorbed through the intestine wall."	( Pharmacokinetic investigation of ST 789 in rats and mice. Cardace, G; Mancinelli, A; Martelli, EA; Marzo, A, 1992)	0.28
"The pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of a soluble granular form (sachets) of a pharmaceutical formulation containing ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) and 1-arginine were investigated in healthy volunteers."	( Activity and pharmacokinetics of a new oral dosage form of soluble ibuprofen. Ceppi Monti, N; Gazzaniga, A; Gianesello, V; Lodola, E; Stroppolo, F, 1992)	0.28
" N-Nitro-L-arginine (NOLA) (5 x 10(-5) to 10(-4) M), an inhibitor of NO synthase, and haemoglobin (10(-5) M), which reduces bioavailability of NO, both reduced the amplitude of nerve-mediated relaxations to less than 50%, without affecting the ability of the muscle to relax."	( Evidence that nitric oxide participates in non-adrenergic inhibitory transmission to intestinal muscle in the guinea-pig. Furness, JB; Murphy, R; Shuttleworth, CW, 1991)	0.28
" The low bioavailability obtained was mainly due to the high polarity of iothalamate molecules as suggested by the GI recovery and in vitro partition studies."	( Absorption of iothalamate after oral administration and absorption enhancement by amino acids in dogs and rats. Chiou, WL; Hsu, FH; Lee, MG; Prueksaritanont, T, )	0.13
" Haem arginate administered in high doses prior to oral propranolol did not alter the bioavailability of the latter."	( Barbiturate and ethanol sleeping times and pharmacokinetics of propranolol in mice after intravenous administration of haem arginate. Tokola, O, 1987)	0.27
" The magnitude of Cel changes was related to absorption rate, which was confirmed by behaviour with hypertonic solutions, where osmotic activity in the gut was lost the sooner, the more rapid absorption rate was."	( Studies on intestinal absorption by single-injection technique and continuous measurement of portal vein blood electrolyte concentration and hematocrit in the alert rat. Aziz, O; Sommer, E, 1983)	0.27
" When 65Zn was injected into ligated loops in a dose range of 1--200 microgram Zn/ml the rate of absorption was linear with respect to time over the first 15 min."	( Studies on the absorption of zinc by rat intestine. Davies, NT, 1980)	0.26
" An important implication of these findings is that reduced nitric oxide bioavailability during stress in patients with atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis may contribute to myocardial ischemia by limiting epicardial and microvascular coronary vasodilation."	( Contribution of nitric oxide to metabolic coronary vasodilation in the human heart. Andrews, NP; Cannon, RO; Dakak, N; Gilligan, DM; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1995)	0.29
" Renal graft impairment together with decreased IGF bioavailability may, in addition to the presumed direct effects of PDN on cartilage, contribute to the growth retardation after RTx."	( Levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and -II, IGF-binding protein-1 and -3, and cortisol in prednisone-treated children with growth retardation after renal transplantation. Blum, WF; de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, SM; Drop, SL; Hokken-Koelega, AC; Stijnen, T, 1993)	0.29
"The bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the human coronary circulation at rest and after acetylcholine (ACH)-induced vasodilation was investigated in 32 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries."	( Nitric oxide activity in the human coronary circulation. Impact of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. Andrews, NP; Arora, S; Cannon, RO; Dakak, N; Gilligan, DM; Husain, S; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1995)	0.29
"Hypercholesterolemic patients are capable of normal nitric oxide bioavailability in response to bradykinin."	( Selective loss of microvascular endothelial function in human hypercholesterolemia. Cannon, RO; García, CE; Gilligan, DM; Guetta, V; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1994)	0.29
"An assay for the quantification of plasma and urine levels of CVS 1123, an orally bioavailable thrombin inhibitor, and its desmethyl form."	( Quantitation of an orally available thrombin inhibitor in rat, monkey and human plasma and in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent post-column derivatization of arginine. Dixon, SA; Lods, MM; Ma, MG; Mendoza, CB; Nguyen, KT; Nolan, TG; Nutt, RF; Tran, HS, 1997)	0.3
" Our data indicate that the reported vascular effects of L-arginine supplementation might involve an increased bioavailability of nitric oxide due to its superoxide scavenging properties beside a potential increased NO biosynthesis."	( Vascular effects of L-arginine: anything beyond a substrate for the NO-synthase? Graier, WF; Hermetter, A; Kostner, GM; Posch, K; Wallner, S; Wascher, TC, 1997)	0.3
" Tmax values of S(+)- and (-)R-ibuprofen after a single dose of 400 mg of each enantiomer did not differ significantly from the corresponding parameters obtained after a single dose of 800 mg of racemic ibuprofen arginine, indicating that the absorption rate of (-)R- and (+)S-ibuprofen is not different when the two enantiomers are administered alone or as a racemic compound."	( Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen enantiomers after administration of a new oral formulation (ibuprofen arginine) to healthy male volunteers. Bani, M; Brogin, G; Della Pepa, C; Eandi, M; Fornasini, G; Gallina, M; Monti, N; Persiani, S; Strolin Benedetti, M; Zara, G, 1997)	0.3
"The overall objective of this study was to assess the contribution of an altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) to the leukocyte adhesion and hypoxic stress elicited in the liver by gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)."	( Role of nitric oxide in gut ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction. Granger, DN; Horie, Y; Wolf, R, 1997)	0.3
" Thirdly, oral bioavailability has been achieved while maintaining selectivity and efficacy through the incorporation of progressively less basic P1 groups."	( Thrombin inhibitor design. Naylor-Olsen, AM; Sanderson, PE, 1998)	0.3
" Oral bioavailability of L-arginine was 68+/-9 (51-87)%."	( L-arginine-induced vasodilation in healthy humans: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship. Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Frölich, JC; Galland, A; Tsikas, D, 1998)	0.3
"Exposure to risk factors such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia decreases the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation."	( Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a novel marker of atherosclerosis. Cooke, JP; Imaizumi, T; Matsuoka, H; Miyazaki, H; Okuda, S; Ueda, S; Usui, M, 1999)	0.3
"Some dietary fibres have been shown to affect the rate of absorption of dietary carbohydrate, protein and fat as well as exocrine pancreatic function."	( Effects of a partially hydrolyzed guar gum on intestinal absorption of carbohydrate, protein and fat: a double-blind controlled study in volunteers. Alam, NH; Bachmann, C; Fowler, B; Gyr, K; Hildebrand, P; Meier, R; Meyer-Wyss, B; Minder, E; Rausch, T; Schneider, H, 1998)	0.3
" The absolute bioavailability of a single oral 10 g dose of L-arginine is approximately 20%."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L-arginine in normal volunteers. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Grossmann, M; Hoffman, BB; Tangphao, O, 1999)	0.3
" Generally, atherosclerosis has been associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Nitric oxide production is reduced in patients with chronic renal failure. Boer, P; Hijmering, M; Kastelein, J; Koomans, H; Lagerwerf, F; Rabelink, T; Stroes, E; van Rijn, H; Verhaar, M; Versluis, K; Wever, R, 1999)	0.3
" Thus, the aim of therapeutic interventions is to increase NO bioavailability by either increasing NO production or decreasing O2- production in the endothelium."	( Clinical importance of coronary endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and therapeutic options. Britten, MB; Schächinger, V; Zeiher, AM, 1999)	0.3
" Elucidation of the mechanisms of eNOS enzyme activity and NO bioavailability will contribute to our understanding the physiology of vasomotion and the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, and could provide insights for new therapies, particularly in hypertension and atherosclerosis."	( Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology and pathology. Arnal, JF; Darblade, B; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Pueyo, M; Rami, J, 1999)	0.3
" Vascular NO bioavailability as assessed with ESR spectroscopy using iron-thiocarbamate as a trap for NO was significantly reduced in tolerant vessels."	( Effects of long-term nitroglycerin treatment on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) gene expression, NOS III-mediated superoxide production, and vascular NO bioavailability. Duncker, L; Förstermann, U; Hartmann, M; Hink, U; Li, H; Matheis, E; Meinertz, T; Mollnau, H; Münzel, T; Oelze, M; Skatchkov, M; Warnholtz, A, 2000)	0.31
"Vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)."	( Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management. Blum, A; Cannon, RO; Csako, G; Hathaway, L; Kirby, M; Mincemoyer, R; Panza, JA; Schenke, WH; Waclawiw, MA, 2000)	0.31
"Oral L-arginine therapy does not improve NO bioavailability in CAD patients on appropriate medical management and thus may not benefit this group of patients."	( Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management. Blum, A; Cannon, RO; Csako, G; Hathaway, L; Kirby, M; Mincemoyer, R; Panza, JA; Schenke, WH; Waclawiw, MA, 2000)	0.31
" Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may involve impaired bioavailability of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide."	( Plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is elevated in monkeys with hyperhomocyst(e)inemia or hypercholesterolemia. Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Heistad, DD; Lentz, SR; Sydow, K, 2000)	0.31
" In particular, endothelial dysfunction leading to decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension and may also be a determinant for the premature development of atherosclerosis."	( Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Muscari, A; Puddu, GM; Puddu, P; Zaca, F, 2000)	0.31
" These data establish a general strategy for enhancing delivery of poorly absorbed drugs across tissue barriers and provide a new topical approach to the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders."	( Conjugation of arginine oligomers to cyclosporin A facilitates topical delivery and inhibition of inflammation. Garlington, S; Khavari, PA; Kirschberg, T; Kreider, E; Lin, Q; McGrane, PL; Rothbard, JB; Wender, PA, 2000)	0.31
" In conclusion, experimental HC attenuates in vitro endothelium-dependent relaxation of the porcine renal artery, possibly due to low bioavailability of NO."	( Impaired renal vascular endothelial function in vitro in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Caccitolo, JA; Lerman, A; Lerman, LO; Rodriguez Porcel, M; Romero, JC; Schaff, HV; Stulak, JM; Wilson, SH, 2001)	0.31
" Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia are poorly understood, but may involve impaired bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO)."	( Elevation of asymmetrical dimethylarginine may mediate endothelial dysfunction during experimental hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia in humans. Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Haynes, WG; Knapp, HR; Lentz, SR, 2001)	0.31
"The bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is regulated by transition metals but their mechanisms of action on NO synthesis and degradation are not clearly understood."	( [Transition metals and nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells]. Brunet, A; David-Dufilho, M; Devynck, J; Devynck, MA; Privat, C; Richard, MJ, 2001)	0.31
" For some of them oral bioavailability is claimed and they are effective in in vitro coagulation assays."	( Advances in the development of thrombin inhibitors. Hauptmann, J; Steinmetzer, T; Sturzebecher, J, 2001)	0.31
" The cardioprotective effect of clevidipine is suggested to be dependent on maintained local bioavailability of NO."	( Short-acting calcium antagonist clevidipine protects against reperfusion injury via local nitric oxide-related mechanisms in the jeopardised myocardium. Gonon, A; Gourine, A; Pernow, J; Sjöquist, PO, 2001)	0.31
" Increasing NO bioavailability with L-arginine (ARG) could theoretically restore the NO-mediated vasodilatory response and lower blood pressure."	( Oral arginine improves blood pressure in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients. Alexander, JW; Babcock, GF; Dreyer, D; Erickson, A; First, MR; Greenberg, NA; Kelly, BS; Ogle, CK; Whiting, JF, )	0.13
"5 and 92 kDa, poly-L-Arg (50) and poly-L-Arg (100)), the bioavailability (F(infinity)) increased markedly compared with that after administration of FITC-dextran alone."	( Effect of poly-L-arginine on the nasal absorption of FITC-dextran of different molecular weights and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in rats. Kobayashi, D; Miyamoto, M; Morimoto, Y; Natsume, H; Ohtake, K; Satoh, I; Sugibayashi, K; Yamaguchi, M, 2001)	0.31
" The present study tests the hypothesis that HOCl decreases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in the vasculature of Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Endothelial dysfunction is induced by proinflammatory oxidant hypochlorous acid. Darley-Usmar, V; Eiserich, JP; Kelpke, S; Ma, W; Parks, DA; Patel, R; White, CR; Zhang, C; Zhou, F, 2001)	0.31
" The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the effect of CRF on (1) the bioavailability of NO substrate, L-arginine; (2) the expression of NOS isoforms in the relevant organs; (3) the interaction of NO with reactive oxygen species that are known to be increased in CRF, and (4) the accumulation of uremic inhibitors of NOS."	( Effect of chronic renal failure on nitric oxide metabolism. Vaziri, ND, 2001)	0.31
"Investigations on P(2)-P(3)-heterocyclic dipeptide surrogates directed towards identification of an orally bioavailable thrombin inhibitor led us to pursue novel classes of achiral, non-covalent P(1)-arginine derivatives."	( Non-covalent thrombin inhibitors featuring P(3)-heterocycles with P(1)-monocyclic arginine surrogates. Anderson, SM; Araldi, GL; Bradbury, AE; Cui, JJ; Gibson, TS; Ho, JZ; Lee, KS; Mamedova, L; Minami, NK; Nolan, TG; Reddy, KM; Reiner, JE; Semple, JE; Siev, DV; Vu, PH, 2002)	0.31
" L-arginine has been used to improve endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and in animal models this in turn has attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis."	( Oral L-arginine does not improve endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic renal failure. Bennett-Richards, KJ; Bruckdorfer, KR; Deanfield, JE; Donald, AE; Kattenhorn, M; Oakley, GR; Rees, L; Varghese, Z, 2002)	0.31
" This may be related to the improvement of endothelial NO bioavailability with the reduction of plasma ADMA levels."	( Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and improves endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and coronary microvascular function in patients with syndrome X. Chang, MS; Chen, JW; Hsu, NW; Lin, SJ; Wu, TC, 2002)	0.31
"Altered nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been ascribed an important role in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure (CHF)."	( Reduced myocardial and systemic L-arginine uptake in heart failure. Ahlers, BA; Kaye, DM; Parnell, MM, 2002)	0.31
" Endothelial dysfunction with impaired nitric oxide biosynthesis and decreased bioavailability has been implicated in insulin resistance syndrome and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a potential link between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in insulin resistance syndrome? Chan, JC; Chan, NN, 2002)	0.31
" Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may involve impaired bioavailability of NO, possibly secondary to accumulation of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and increased oxidative stress."	( ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins. Arakawa, N; Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Frölich, JC; Hornig, B; Schwedhelm, E; Sydow, K; Tsikas, D, 2003)	0.32
" A reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide has been shown in hypertensive individuals dependent on the duration and severity of arterial hypertension."	( The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in hypertension. Kelm, M, 2003)	0.32
" Part of this effect is ascribed to increased production or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Oestrogen replacement therapy lowers plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in healthy postmenopausal women. de Jong, S; Neele, SJ; Netelenbos, JC; Stehouwer, CD; Teerlink, T, 2003)	0.32
" Potential mechanisms underlying impaired endothelial function and decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide under these clinical conditions are discussed."	( Potential mechanisms of impaired endothelial function in arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. John, S; Schmieder, RE, 2003)	0.32
"Previous studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction after 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) in rats is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased vascular superoxide production."	( Effect of tetrahydrobiopterin on blood pressure in rats after subtotal nephrectomy. Benchetrit, S; Bernheim, J; Podjarny, E; Pomeranz, A; Rashid, G; Rathaus, M; Shapira, J, 2003)	0.32
"Inhibition of NO bioavailability by ADMA and a subsequent reduction in EDD contribute to the increase in BP during high-salt intake in normotensive PMW not receiving estrogen."	( Nitric oxide inhibition as a mechanism for blood pressure increase during salt loading in normotensive postmenopausal women. Anderson, DE; Cooke, JP; Fleg, JL; Lakatta, EG; Scuteri, A; Stuehlinger, MC; Wright, JG, 2003)	0.32
" We tested the hypotheses that arginase reciprocally regulates NOS by modulating L-arginine bioavailability and that arginase is upregulated in aging vasculature, contributing to depressed endothelial function."	( Arginase reciprocally regulates nitric oxide synthase activity and contributes to endothelial dysfunction in aging blood vessels. Berkowitz, DE; Burke, S; Cernetich, A; Champion, HC; Hare, JM; Kim, S; Li, D; Minhas, KM; Nyhan, D; Shoukas, AA; White, R, 2003)	0.32
" Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery is impaired in elderly individuals with cardiovascular disease and vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced."	( Oral L-arginine improves endothelial function in healthy individuals older than 70 years. Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Brabant, G; Frölich, JC; Muke, J; Surdacki, A, 2003)	0.32
" These data suggest that excess NO mediates hemorrhage-induced liver injury and that the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-generated NO bioavailability with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside may reduce the pathophysiologic consequences of severe hemorrhage."	( The attenuation of hemorrhage-induced liver injury by exogenous nitric oxide, L-arginine, and inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Anaya-Prado, R; Guo, RF; Reuben, J; Toledo-Pereyra, LH; Walsh, J; Ward, PA, )	0.13
") bioavailability and potentially limit atherosclerosis."	( Impact of vitamin E on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD): a pilot study. Abdulhayoglu, E; Barbato, D; Bustami, R; D'Alecy, LG; Desai, A; Handelman, GJ; Novak, JE; Rajagopalan, S; Saran, R; Warren, JS; Weitzel, W, 2003)	0.32
" Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) is present in endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes and neurons, yet no data are available on the effect of aspirin on cNOS and the bioavailability of NO produced by this enzyme."	( Effect of aspirin on constitutive nitric oxide synthase and the biovailability of NO. Korda, M; Madajka, M; Malinski, T; White, J, 2003)	0.32
" Therefore the bioavailability of NO increased only slightly in endothelium and did not reflect the increase in eNOS."	( Effect of aspirin on constitutive nitric oxide synthase and the biovailability of NO. Korda, M; Madajka, M; Malinski, T; White, J, 2003)	0.32
"Aspirin did not have a significant effect on the NO bioavailability in endothelial cells."	( Effect of aspirin on constitutive nitric oxide synthase and the biovailability of NO. Korda, M; Madajka, M; Malinski, T; White, J, 2003)	0.32
" Human vascular endothelial cells are known to exhibit functional heterogeneity, this prompted us to do the first study of NO bioavailability in human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs), in response to high glucose exposure."	( Effect of high glucose on nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in human glomerular endothelial cells. Harada, T; Hoshiyama, M; Li, B; Morioka, T; Oite, T; Yao, J, 2003)	0.32
" Decreased NO bioavailability seems to be associated with overproduction of superoxide and L-arginine deficiency."	( Effect of high glucose on nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in human glomerular endothelial cells. Harada, T; Hoshiyama, M; Li, B; Morioka, T; Oite, T; Yao, J, 2003)	0.32
" Thus, bioavailability of NO scavengers at sites of inflammation may play an essential role in up-regulation of the catalytic activity of iNOS, by preventing the catalytic activity inhibition that is attributed to nitrosyl complex formation."	( Myeloperoxidase up-regulates the catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase by preventing nitric oxide feedback inhibition. Abu-Soud, HM; Diamond, MP; Galijasevic, S; Saed, GM, 2003)	0.32
" The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of hyperhomocysteinemia are not completely defined, but endothelial dysfunction resulting from impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide is a consistent finding in experimental models."	( Hyperhomocysteinemia, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk: the potential role of ADMA. Dayal, S; Lentz, SR; Rodionov, RN, 2003)	0.32
" We tested the hypothesis that reduced NO activity and increased oxidative stress in preeclamptic placenta is related to a low bioavailability of l-arginine."	( L-arginine depletion in preeclampsia orients nitric oxide synthase toward oxidant species. Benigni, A; Bonazzola, S; Cappellini, A; Cassis, P; Macconi, D; Maucci, R; Noris, M; Pasta, F; Picciolo, C; Porrati, F; Remuzzi, G; Todeschini, M, 2004)	0.32
" As statin treatment is known to increase nitric oxide bioavailability and enhance myocardial function, we tested whether ADMA concentration modifies the effect of pravastatin on myocardial blood flow in young adults with mild hypercholesterolemia."	( Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine modifies the effect of pravastatin on myocardial blood flow in young adults. Janatuinen, T; Knuuti, J; Laakso, J; Laaksonen, R; Lehtimäki, T; Nuutila, P; Raitakari, OT; Vesalainen, R, 2003)	0.32
" Considering the critical role of endothelial NO production in regulating endothelial adhesion molecule expression, platelet aggregation, and both basal and stress-mediated vasodilation, the O2- mediated reduction in *NO bioavailability can significantly contribute to the vascular dysfunction and organ injury associated with SCD."	( Oxidant-mediated impairment of nitric oxide signaling in sickle cell disease--mechanisms and consequences. Aslan, M; Freeman, BA, 2004)	0.32
" The bioavailability of vascular."	( Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat aorta after ingestion of fish oil-rich diet. Casós, K; Farriol, M; López, D; Mitjavila, MT; Orta, X; Puig-Parellada, P; Sáiz, MP, 2004)	0.32
" High arginase activity in patients with asthma may contribute to low circulating arginine levels, thereby limiting arginine bioavailability and creating a NO deficiency that induces hyperreactive airways."	( Decreased arginine bioavailability and increased serum arginase activity in asthma. Kuypers, FA; Lavrisha, L; Machado, L; Morris, CR; Morris, SM; Poljakovic, M, 2004)	0.32
" Whether eNOS catalyzes nitric oxide biosynthesis or the synthesis of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite is dictated by the bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) and L-arginine during eNOS catalysis."	( Three different oxygen-induced radical species in endothelial nitric-oxide synthase oxygenase domain under regulation by L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin. Berka, V; Palmer, G; Tsai, AL; Wu, G; Yeh, HC, 2004)	0.32
" A potential mechanism is the correction of endothelial dysfunction (ED) leading to reduced production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a potent apoptosis inducer."	( Synergistic interaction between enalapril, L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin in smooth muscle cell apoptosis and aortic remodeling induction in SHR. deBlois, D; Der Sarkissian, S; Duguay, D; Marchand, EL, 2004)	0.32
"The difference in the response of renal perfusion to an antioxidant suggests increased formation of reactive oxygen species and thereby reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in the renal vasculature of patients with type 2 diabetes."	( Increased response of renal perfusion to the antioxidant vitamin C in type 2 diabetes. Delles, C; Fleischmann, EF; Fleischmann, I; Oehmer, S; Schmieder, RE; Schneider, MP, 2004)	0.32
" Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and abundant formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the vascular wall are the key determinants in endothelial dysfunction."	( Endothelial dysfunction in heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Bauersachs, J; Schäfer, A, 2004)	0.32
" Basal and stimulated endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was assessed by measurement of the responses to intra-arterial N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) and bradykinin, respectively."	( Inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involves reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress. Clapp, BR; Hingorani, AD; Kharbanda, RK; MacAllister, RJ; Mohamed-Ali, V; Stephens, JW; Vallance, P, 2004)	0.32
"Inflammation causes widespread endothelial dysfunction, reduces vascular NO bioavailability and increases oxidative stress."	( Inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involves reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress. Clapp, BR; Hingorani, AD; Kharbanda, RK; MacAllister, RJ; Mohamed-Ali, V; Stephens, JW; Vallance, P, 2004)	0.32
" A higher magnitude of inhibition of arginine deamination in the loamy sand than in the sandy loam soil could be due to greater bioavailability of the pesticides in the former, resulting from lesser sorption of the pesticides due to alkalinity of the soil and its low content of clay and organic carbon."	( Influence of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, on arginine ammonification and mineralizable nitrogen in two tropical soil types. Gopal, M; Menon, P; Prasad, R, 2004)	0.32
"We conclude that in women with preeclampsia, prolonged dietary supplementation with l-arginine significantly decreased blood pressure through increased endothelial synthesis and/or bioavailability of NO."	( Effects of prolonged oral supplementation with l-arginine on blood pressure and nitric oxide synthesis in preeclampsia. Korbut, R; Olszanecki, R; Rytlewski, K; Zdebski, Z, 2005)	0.33
" Decreased bioavailability of endothelial derived nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important promoter in cardiovascular disease."	( The soy isoflavone genistein induces a late but sustained activation of the endothelial nitric oxide-synthase system in vitro. Dirsch, VM; Leikert, JF; Räthel, TR; Vollmar, AM, 2005)	0.33
" It is released by the endothelium, and reduced NO bioavailability is responsible for impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia and other metabolic disorders associated with vascular disease."	( Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA): a possible link between homocyst(e)ine and endothelial dysfunction. Stanger, O; Stühlinger, MC, 2005)	0.33
" Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and its accumulation has been associated with reducing NO bioavailability and increasing superoxide generation."	( Erythropoietin increases asymmetric dimethylarginine in endothelial cells: role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Bode-Böger, SM; Kielstein, JT; Martens-Lobenhoffer, J; Postel, SC; Scalera, F; Täger, M, 2005)	0.33
" A hypoxia-induced decrease in L-arginine bioavailability resulting from acclimatization at altitude may be involved in this limitation of the NO pathway in CH and CHT rats."	( Chronic hypoxia exposure depresses aortic endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in both sedentary and trained rats: involvement of L-arginine. Dauzat, M; Gibault, A; Obert, P; Reboul, C; Tanguy, S, 2005)	0.33
" NO bioavailability is decreased during myocardial infarction (MI)."	( Efficacy and safety of oral l-arginine in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ARAMI pilot trial. Bednarz, B; Drozdowska, D; Gessek, J; Gniot, J; Janik, K; Jaxa-Chamiec, T; Kawka-Urbanek, T; Laskowski, H; Maciejewski, P; Szpajer, M, 2005)	0.33
"Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play an important role in progression of renal damage."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine and progression of chronic kidney disease: the mild to moderate kidney disease study. Bode-Böger, SM; Fliser, D; Haller, H; Kielstein, JT; Kronenberg, F; Morath, C; Ritz, E, 2005)	0.33
"Sickle cell disease is characterized by a state of nitric oxide resistance and limited bioavailability of l-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis."	( Dysregulated arginine metabolism, hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension, and mortality in sickle cell disease. Blackwelder, WC; Gladwin, MT; Hazen, SL; Kato, GJ; Morris, CR; Morris, SM; Poljakovic, M; Sachdev, V; Vichinsky, EP; Wang, X, 2005)	0.33
"These data support a novel mechanism of disease in which hemolysis contributes to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction via release of erythrocyte arginase, which limits arginine bioavailability, and release of erythrocyte hemoglobin, which scavenges nitric oxide."	( Dysregulated arginine metabolism, hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension, and mortality in sickle cell disease. Blackwelder, WC; Gladwin, MT; Hazen, SL; Kato, GJ; Morris, CR; Morris, SM; Poljakovic, M; Sachdev, V; Vichinsky, EP; Wang, X, 2005)	0.33
" We conclude that in NTG-treated rabbits, endothelial nitric oxide production in mesenteric resistance arteries is reduced, possibly through a reduction in the bioavailability of L-arginine via an action mediated by superoxide."	( Chronic nitroglycerine administration reduces endothelial nitric oxide production in rabbit mesenteric resistance artery. Itoh, T; Kajikuri, J; Suzuki, Y; Suzumori, K; Watanabe, Y; Yamamoto, T, 2005)	0.33
" The following study addressed the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y bioavailability is blunted in female rats under baseline conditions."	( Neuropeptide Y bioavailability is suppressed in the hindlimb of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Jackson, DN; Milne, KJ; Noble, EG; Shoemaker, JK, 2005)	0.33
" However, limited peptide stability and oral bioavailability have prevented these compounds from being developed as relevant pharmaceuticals."	( Design, synthesis, and evaluation of the antipsychotic potential of orally bioavailable neurotensin (8-13) analogues containing non-natural arginine and lysine residues. Dix, TA; Hadden, MK; Kokko, KP; Mazella, J; Orwig, KS, 2005)	0.33
" A key vascular phenotype observed in hyperhomocysteinemic animals is endothelial dysfunction, manifested by decreased bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide."	( Mechanisms of homocysteine-induced atherothrombosis. Lentz, SR, 2005)	0.33
" The reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and the structural changes that are characteristic of GCAD."	( Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase overexpression suppresses graft coronary artery disease. Cooke, JP; Gunawan, F; Jacobi, J; Robbins, RC; Sydow, K; Tanaka, M; Tsao, PS, 2005)	0.33
" Thus, vitamin C may have beneficial effects on nitric oxide bioavailability induced by L-arginine."	( Effects of vitamin C on intracoronary L-arginine dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with stable angina. Antoniades, C; Crake, T; Davies, G; Stefanadis, C; Tentolouris, C; Tousoulis, D; Xenakis, C, 2005)	0.33
" An imbalance in zinc bioavailability during postnatal and growing periods may be may be a risk factor in development of cardiovascular alterations in adult life."	( Moderate zinc deficiency influences arterial blood pressure and vascular nitric oxide pathway in growing rats. Arranz, CT; Balaszczuk, AM; Costa, MA; Jauregui, A; Piñeiro, A; Tomat, AL; Weisstaub, AR, 2005)	0.33
" The consequent endothelial impairment leads to a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide."	( Asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection increases asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in healthy subjects. Boemi, M; Bonazzi, P; Bonfigli, AR; Cenerelli, S; Galeazzi, R; Marra, M; Sirolla, C; Testa, I; Testa, R, 2005)	0.33
" Our NO measurements confirm that increased bioavailability of L-arginine causes a significant increase in NO production throughout the microcirculation of this preparation, with increased tissue perfusion, and provides direct in vivo evidence for the L-arginine paradox."	( Quantifying the L-arginine paradox in vivo. Barbee, KA; Buerk, DG; Jaron, D; Vukosavljevic, N, 2006)	0.33
" Therapies that maximize arginine and nitric oxide bioavailability may benefit patients with thalassemia."	( Hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension in thalassemia. Kato, GJ; Kuypers, FA; Larkin, S; Lavrisha, L; Morris, CR; Singer, T; Vichinsky, EP, 2005)	0.33
"Nitric oxide (NO) is inactivated in sickle cell disease (SCD), while bioavailability of arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis, is diminished."	( New strategies for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease : the rationale for arginine therapy. Morris, CR, 2006)	0.33
" Like many other cardiovascular risk factors, hyperhomocysteinemia produces endothelial dysfunction due to impaired bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO)."	( ADMA and hyperhomocysteinemia. Dayal, S; Lentz, SR, 2005)	0.33
" It is well established that a decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to endothelial dysfunction."	( Insulin resistance: potential role of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ADMA. Cooke, JP; Mondon, CE; Sydow, K, 2005)	0.33
"Control of the catalytic activity of iNOS in adhesion fibroblasts may be because of subsaturating amounts of L-Arg and H4B which allow iNOS to generate a combination of reactive oxygen species in addition to NO, thereby influencing NO bioavailability and function."	( Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions. Abu-Soud, HM; Diamond, MP; Saed, GM; Zhao, M, 2006)	0.33
" The oral bioavailability of ardeparin formulated with L-arginine (250 mg kg(-1)) was increased by approximately 2 fold compared with control."	( Modulation of gastrointestinal permeability of low-molecular-weight heparin by L-arginine: in-vivo and in-vitro evaluation. Motlekar, NA; Srivenugopal, KS; Wachtel, MS; Youan, BB, 2006)	0.33
" NO bioavailability in aged skin may be decreased by an age-related upregulation of arginase, which reciprocally regulates the NO-synthase (NOS) substrate L-arginine (L-Arg)."	( L-Arginine supplementation or arginase inhibition augments reflex cutaneous vasodilatation in aged human skin. Holowatz, LA; Kenney, WL; Thompson, CS, 2006)	0.33
"Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and impaired vascular function are the key pathological characteristics of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis."	( L-arginine chlorination results in the formation of a nonselective nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor. Cheng, Y; Jennings, LK; Ji, R; Sun, JZ; Yang, J; Zhang, C, 2006)	0.33
"The results suggest that upregulation of arginase activity by Th2 cytokines during xenograft rejection limits the bioavailability of L-arginine for the inducible NO synthase and thus attenuates generation of NO by the graft-infiltrating macrophages."	( Production of nitric oxide during graft rejection is regulated by the Th1/Th2 balance, the arginase activity, and L-arginine metabolism. Fric, J; Holán, V; Krulová, M; Neuwirth, A; Pindjáková, J; Zajícová, A, 2006)	0.33
" We studied the actions of simvastatin (SIM) in enhancing NO bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress in coronary vessels from diabetic rats and in rat coronary artery endothelial cells (RCAEC) exposed to high glucose."	( Simvastatin improves diabetes-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction. Caldwell, RB; Caldwell, RW; El-Remessy, AB; Ma, G; Matragoon, S; Tawfik, HE, 2006)	0.33
" Ibuprofen arginate and dexibuprofen showed similar bioavailability for S(+)-ibuprofen."	( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen arginate versus dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Azanza, JR; Campanero, MA; Esteras, A; García-Quetglas, E; Gil-Aldea, I; Muñoz-Juarez, MJ; Sádaba, B, 2006)	0.33
" Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to oxidative stress seems to be the common molecular disorder comprising stable atherosclerotic narrowing lesions."	( Nutrition, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease: an update. Balestrieri, ML; Ignarro, LJ; Napoli, C, 2007)	0.34
"Given that the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine, can decrease nitric oxide bioavailability and lead to atherosclerosis, its concentration can be a good predictor for coronary artery disease."	( Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine level and extent of lesion at coronary angiography. Biberoglu, G; Cengel, A; Hasanoglu, A; Sahinarslan, A; Timurkaynak, T; Turkoglu, S, 2006)	0.33
" Recent data implicate a critical function for hemoglobin and the erythrocyte in regulating the bioavailability of NO in the vascular compartment."	( Role of the red blood cell in nitric oxide homeostasis and hypoxic vasodilation. Gladwin, MT, 2006)	0.33
" Here we have tested this high NO bioavailability hypothesis in the setting of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), but find instead that low NO bioavailability contributes to the genesis of ECM."	( Low nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to the genesis of experimental cerebral malaria. Contreras, R; Frangos, JA; Gramaglia, I; Intaglietta, M; Meays, D; Nolan, JP; Sobolewski, P; van der Heyde, HC, 2006)	0.33
" However, a highly basic guanidino moiety incorporated in enzyme inhibitors or receptor antagonists is often associated with low selectivity and poor bioavailability after peroral application."	( Arginine mimetic structures in biologically active antagonists and inhibitors. Masic, LP, 2006)	0.33
" Evaluation of endothelial function seems to have a predictive role in humans, and therapeutic interventions improving nitric oxide bioavailability in the vasculature may improve the long-term outcome in healthy individuals, high-risk subjects, or patients with advanced atherosclerosis."	( Novel therapies targeting vascular endothelium. Antoniades, C; Koumallos, N; Latsios, G; Marinou, K; Stefanadi, E; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D, )	0.13
" This may contribute to the lower NO bioavailability and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease seen in black Africans."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in young Black African men. Chowienczyk, PJ; Duncan, ER; Jiang, B; Kearney, MT; Melikian, N; Murphy, C; Ogah, OS; Sanders, TA; Shah, AM; Wheatcroft, SB; Wierzbicki, AS, 2007)	0.34
" Young, hypertensive orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) patients have functional abnormalities in NO-dependent signaling pathways that lead to reduced NO bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction."	( Endothelial dysfunction and circadian blood pressure rhythmicity in young heart transplant recipients. Buller, CL; Charpie, JR; Lim, DS; Parra, DA, )	0.13
"Endothelial dysfunction because of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability is a key feature of essential hypertension."	( Identification of a novel polymorphism in the 3'UTR of the L-arginine transporter gene SLC7A1: contribution to hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Chin-Dusting, J; Jones, E; Kaye, DM; Morris, BJ; Venardos, K; Yang, Z, 2007)	0.34
"Endothelial dysfunction due to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is an early step in the course of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD)."	( A possible involvement of crosstalk between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. Okuda, S; Ueda, S; Yamagishi, S, 2007)	0.34
" In addition, other indirect strategies, such as the inhibition of arginase, could prove more effective at improving intracellular L-arginine bioavailability than exogenous L-arginine administration."	( Mechanisms of disease: L-arginine in coronary atherosclerosis--a clinical perspective. Antoniades, C; Böger, RH; Siasos, G; Stefanadi, E; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D, 2007)	0.34
" Based on published data for the maximum observed plasma concentrations (Cmax) after administration of doses in the range 5 to 10 g, CIT appeared to present relatively better absorption and systemic bioavailability than ARG and ORN."	( Pharmacokinetics of arginine and related amino acids. Cynober, L, 2007)	0.34
" Large single doses of poorly absorbed amino acids seem to provoke diarrhea."	( Adverse gastrointestinal effects of arginine and related amino acids. Grimble, GK, 2007)	0.34
" The ADMA-mediated regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production is determined by the quantitative bioavailability of intracellular and extracellular ADMA."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in vascular, renal and hepatic disease and the regulatory role of L-arginine on its metabolism. Sim, AS; Wang, J; Wang, XL; Wilcken, DE, 2007)	0.34
"Endothelial dysfunction due to the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the course of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD)."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a novel emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the development of renal injury in chronic kidney disease. Fukami, K; Matsumoto, Y; Okuda, S; Ueda, S; Yamagishi, SI, 2007)	0.34
" Our data suggest that the bioavailability of NO is reduced in the DO, because L-arg corrected both the hypertension and glomerular hypertrophy."	( The influence of L-arginine on blood pressure, vascular nitric oxide and renal morphometry in the offspring from diabetic mothers. Cavanal, Mde F; Fortes, ZB; Forti, AL; Franco, Mdo C; Gil, FZ; Gomes, GN; Rocha, SO, 2007)	0.34
" These data demonstrate disruption of NO-cGMP signaling in neonatal rat pups exposed to hyperoxia and show that bioavailability of the substrate l-arginine is implicated in the predisposition of this model to airway hyperreactivity."	( Disruption of NO-cGMP signaling by neonatal hyperoxia impairs relaxation of lung parenchyma. Dreshaj, IA; Haxhiu, MA; Kamath, S; Martin, RJ; Sopi, RB; Zaidi, SI, 2007)	0.34
" We hypothesized chronic myocardial ischemia results in increased activity of Arginase I, diminishing bioavailability of l-arginine, the substrate for endothelial nitric oxide production."	( Coronary microvascular dysfunction in the setting of chronic ischemia is independent of arginase activity. Boodhwani, M; Clements, RT; Feng, J; Sellke, FW; Sodha, NR; Xu, SH, 2008)	0.35
" It is hypothesized that altered NO bioavailability may result from an increase in endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors, asymmetric dimethly araginine (ADMA), and N(G)-monomethyl arginine, which are normally metabolized by dimethyarginine dimethylamine hydrolase (DDAH)."	( Role of DDAH-1 in lipid peroxidation product-mediated inhibition of endothelial NO generation. Cardounel, AJ; Chicoine, LG; Druhan, L; Forbes, SP; Guzman, JE; Lu, D; Murugesan, V; Parinandi, NL; Pope, AJ; Xia, Y, 2007)	0.34
" Increasing the bioavailability of arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, thus potentially offers protection against end-stage disease."	( Metabolic effects of a novel silicate inositol complex of the nitric oxide precursor arginine in the obese insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat. Kelly, SE; Proctor, SD; Russell, JC; Vine, DF, 2007)	0.34
" These results demonstrate that the reduction in the bioavailability of NO as a result of elevated oxidative stress contributes to the increase in norepinephrine overflow from the SHR mesenteric sympathetic neuroeffector junction."	( Oxidative stress attenuates NO-induced modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission in the mesenteric arterial bed of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Macarthur, H; Westfall, TC; Wilken, GH, 2008)	0.35
"Decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and/or impaired NO bioavailability may occur in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and could contribute to the elevation of blood pressure, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the progression of renal injury in these patients."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine may be a missing link between cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Kaida, Y; Okuda, S; Ueda, S; Yamagishi, S, 2007)	0.34
" Low NO bioavailability may occur in essential hypertension and in a variety of conditions associated with high cardiovascular risk."	( The endothelium as a target in renal diseases. Zoccali, C, )	0.13
" Among patients with ischemic heart disease, low progenitor cell bioavailability and kidney dysfunction are emerging as strong predictors of death and recurrent cardiovascular events."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine and impaired cardiovascular healing. Andreotti, F; Coluzzi, G; Marzo, F; Santucci, E, 2009)	0.35
"Nebivolol is a highly selective beta1-adrenergic blocker that also enhances nitric oxide bioavailability via the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance."	( Nebivolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Salinas, JL; Veverka, A, 2007)	0.34
"High hepatic extraction drugs--such as phenacetin, methylprednisolone, and cyclosporine--exhibit an increased bioavailability after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) due to an impaired clearance."	( L-arginine reverses alterations in drug disposition induced by spinal cord injury by increasing hepatic blood flow. Castaneda-Hernandez, G; Cruz-Antonio, L; Grijalva, I; Guizar-Sahagun, G; Martinez-Cruz, A; Vertiz-Hernandez, A, 2007)	0.34
" The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a decrease in l-arginine bioavailability could be involved in this blunted response to exercise training."	( Acute administration of l-arginine restores nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in isolated pulmonary arteries from pulmonary hypertensive exercise trained rats. Dauzat, M; Goret, L; Guiraud, I; Obert, P; Tanguy, S, 2008)	0.35
"We show here that NO and its metabolites arginine and citrulline are already involved in juvenile obesity that may contribute to atherogenesis via reduced bioavailability of NO."	( Obesity reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide in juveniles. Fauler, G; Grandits, N; Gruber, HJ; Mangge, H; Mayer, C; Wilders-Truschnig, M, 2008)	0.35
" N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol molecule that has direct and indirect antioxidant effects which decrease reactive oxidant species and increase the bioavailability of the DDAH enzyme."	( Intravenous N-acetylcysteine during hemodialysis reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine level in end-stage renal disease patients. Pranawa, W; Thaha, M; Tomino, Y; Yogiantoro, M, 2008)	0.35
" For this reason, we tested the effects of l-arginine (ARG) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration in increasing NO bioavailability by reducing free radical formation."	( Long-term N-acetylcysteine and L-arginine administration reduces endothelial activation and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Berchio, A; Bergamini, S; Brocato, L; Della Casa, L; Gigliardi, VR; Iannone, A; Manzato, E; Martina, V; Masha, A; Massarenti, P; Settanni, F, 2008)	0.35
"NAC + ARG administration seems to be a potential well-tolerated antiatherogenic therapy because it improves endothelial function in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes by improving NO bioavailability via reduction of oxidative stress and increase of NO production."	( Long-term N-acetylcysteine and L-arginine administration reduces endothelial activation and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Berchio, A; Bergamini, S; Brocato, L; Della Casa, L; Gigliardi, VR; Iannone, A; Manzato, E; Martina, V; Masha, A; Massarenti, P; Settanni, F, 2008)	0.35
" The reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide may play a role in endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and thus in the structural changes characterizing CAV."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine and cardiac allograft vasculopathy progression: modulation by sirolimus. Chin, C; Cooke, JP; Fearon, WF; Holweg, C; Lewis, DB; Luikart, H; Mocarski, ES; Potena, L; Sydow, K; Valantine, HA; Weisshaar, D, 2008)	0.35
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension have been associated with decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial dysfunction."	( Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, l-arginine, and nitrite/nitrate concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Elliott, J; Jepson, RE; Syme, HM; Vallance, C, )	0.13
"Endothelial dysfunction and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability may explain why therapeutic angiogenesis and cell therapy have mostly failed in humans."	( Concomitant treatment with oral L-arginine improves the efficacy of surgical angiogenesis in patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease: the Endothelial Modulation in Angiogenic Therapy randomized controlled trial. Beanlands, RS; Camack, N; Chan, V; DaSilva, JN; deKemp, RA; Lortie, M; Mesana, TG; Rubens, FD; Ruel, M; Sellke, FW; Stewart, DJ; Suuronen, EJ, 2008)	0.35
" Ex vivo studies using animal models of allergic asthma have indicated that attenuated l-arginine bioavailability to NOS causes deficiency of bronchodilating NO and increased production of procontractile peroxynitrite, which importantly contribute to allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness after the early and late asthmatic reaction, respectively."	( Arginine homeostasis in allergic asthma. Maarsingh, H; Meurs, H; Zaagsma, J, 2008)	0.35
" As potential mechanisms contributing to the clinical benefits we hypothesized that glycaemic control affects regional nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by changing NO synthases (NOS) activity, NOS transcription, NOS substrate availability or the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels."	( Modulation of regional nitric oxide metabolism: blood glucose control or insulin? Debaveye, Y; Ellger, B; Langouche, L; Richir, M; Teerlink, T; Van den Berghe, G; Van Leeuwen, PA; Vanhorebeek, I, 2008)	0.35
" In transgenic-knockout sickle (BERK) mice that express exclusively human alpha- and beta(S)-globins, reduced NO bioavailability is associated with induction of non-NO vasodilator enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and impaired NO-mediated vascular reactivity."	( Arginine therapy of transgenic-knockout sickle mice improves microvascular function by reducing non-nitric oxide vasodilators, hemolysis, and oxidative stress. Dasgupta, T; Fabry, ME; Kaul, DK; Zhang, X, 2008)	0.35
" Fondaparinux has excellent bioavailability when administered subcutaneously, has a longer half-life than LMWHs, and is given once daily by subcutaneous injection in fixed doses, without anticoagulant monitoring."	( Parenteral anticoagulants: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Bauer, KA; Donati, MB; Gould, M; Hirsh, J; Samama, MM; Weitz, JI, 2008)	0.35
" These data suggest that increasing NO bioavailability by L-arginine corrects the major biochemical abnormalities of diabetes."	( L-Arginine prevents metabolic effects of high glucose in diabetic mice. Bhatnagar, A; Kaiserova, K; Ramana, KV; Srivastava, SK; West, MB, 2008)	0.35
"Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction and is associated with a broad spectrum of vascular disorders such as impaired angiogenesis."	( Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and postnatal angiogenesis by Rac1. Kim, HH; Kwiatkowski, DJ; Liao, JK; Salomone, S; Sawada, N, 2008)	0.35
"It has been shown that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive antagonist of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, inhibits angiogenesis by reducing the production and bioavailability of NO."	( [The effect of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level and L-arginine/ADMA ratio on the development of coronary collaterals]. Baysal, E; Duru, E; Maden, O; Saşmaz, A; Selçuk, H; Selçuk, MT; Temizhan, A; Ulupinar, H, 2008)	0.35
"We hypothesized that arginine (Arg) bioavailability would be associated with airflow abnormalities and inflammation in subjects with asthma, and would be informative for asthma severity."	( Alterations of the arginine metabolome in asthma. Bleecker, E; Bodine, M; Busse, W; Calhoun, WJ; Castro, M; Chung, KF; Comhair, SA; Curran-Everett, D; Dweik, RA; Erzurum, SC; Gaston, B; Hammel, J; Hazen, SL; Israel, E; Jarjour, N; Khatri, SB; Lara, A; Levison, BS; Moore, W; Peters, SP; Teague, WG; Wang, Z; Wenzel, S; Xu, W, 2008)	0.35
"Arg bioavailability was assessed in subjects with severe and nonsevere asthma and healthy control subjects by determination of plasma Arg relative to its metabolic products, ornithine and citrulline, and relative to methylarginine inhibitors of NO synthases, and by serum arginase activity."	( Alterations of the arginine metabolome in asthma. Bleecker, E; Bodine, M; Busse, W; Calhoun, WJ; Castro, M; Chung, KF; Comhair, SA; Curran-Everett, D; Dweik, RA; Erzurum, SC; Gaston, B; Hammel, J; Hazen, SL; Israel, E; Jarjour, N; Khatri, SB; Lara, A; Levison, BS; Moore, W; Peters, SP; Teague, WG; Wang, Z; Wenzel, S; Xu, W, 2008)	0.35
" However, Arg bioavailability was positively associated with Fe(NO) only in healthy control subjects; Arg bioavailability was unrelated to Fe(NO) or other inflammatory parameters in severe or nonsevere asthma."	( Alterations of the arginine metabolome in asthma. Bleecker, E; Bodine, M; Busse, W; Calhoun, WJ; Castro, M; Chung, KF; Comhair, SA; Curran-Everett, D; Dweik, RA; Erzurum, SC; Gaston, B; Hammel, J; Hazen, SL; Israel, E; Jarjour, N; Khatri, SB; Lara, A; Levison, BS; Moore, W; Peters, SP; Teague, WG; Wang, Z; Wenzel, S; Xu, W, 2008)	0.35
"Unlike Fe(NO), Arg bioavailability is not a surrogate measure of inflammation; however, Arg bioavailability is strongly associated with airflow abnormalities in severe asthma."	( Alterations of the arginine metabolome in asthma. Bleecker, E; Bodine, M; Busse, W; Calhoun, WJ; Castro, M; Chung, KF; Comhair, SA; Curran-Everett, D; Dweik, RA; Erzurum, SC; Gaston, B; Hammel, J; Hazen, SL; Israel, E; Jarjour, N; Khatri, SB; Lara, A; Levison, BS; Moore, W; Peters, SP; Teague, WG; Wang, Z; Wenzel, S; Xu, W, 2008)	0.35
"The deficiency or the decrease in the bioavailability in basic substrate for nitric oxide synthesis - L-arginine can be one of factors contributing to the airway hyperreactivity."	( Relation of L-arginine to airway hyperreactivity. Antosová, M; Nosálová, G; Strapková, A, 2008)	0.35
" The clinical and scientific relevance of nitric oxide synthesis and bioavailability in endothelial dysfunction is based on the fact that it is a common factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases."	( Molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction: from nitric oxide synthesis to ADMA inhibition. Acosta, A; Acosta, G; Andara, C; Añez, J; Bermúdez, F; Bermúdez, V; Cano, C; Hernández, R; Israili, Z; Leal, E; Manuel, V, )	0.13
" These results provide a novel route for improving the (cellular) bioavailability of larger hydrophilic molecules."	( Improved cellular activity of antisense peptide nucleic acids by conjugation to a cationic peptide-lipid (CatLip) domain. Koppelhus, U; Nielsen, PE; Pankratova, S; Shiraishi, T; Zachar, V, 2008)	0.35
" Both an increase in reactive oxygen species production and a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contribute to the endothelial dysfunction that underlies this vascular stiffness, independent of other age-related vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis."	( Arginase and vascular aging. Berkowitz, DE; Christianson, DW; Nyhan, D; Santhanam, L, 2008)	0.35
" Elevated ADMA levels cause eNOS uncoupling, a mechanism which leads to decreased NO bioavailability and increased production of hydrogen peroxide."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and other endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors as an important cause of vascular insulin resistance. Riga, M; Stefanadi, E; Stefanadis, C; Toutouzas, K, 2008)	0.35
"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) denotes a clustering of risk factors that may affect nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and predispose to cardiovascular diseases, which are delayed by exercise training."	( Enhanced concentrations of relevant markers of nitric oxide formation after exercise training in patients with metabolic syndrome. Casella-Filho, A; Chagas, AC; Gomes, VA; Tanus-Santos, JE, 2008)	0.35
" Providing additional PRO in the diet to enhance PRO bioavailability for collagen biosynthesis does not result in increased collagen accumulation."	( Proline precursors to sustain Mammalian collagen synthesis. Barbul, A, 2008)	0.35
" However, citrulline bioavailability depends on its intestinal absorption."	( Mechanisms and kinetics of citrulline uptake in a model of human intestinal epithelial cells. Aussel, C; Bahri, S; Chaumeil, JC; Curis, E; Cynober, L; El Wafi, FZ; Zerrouk, N, 2008)	0.35
" Supplementation with L-arginine has the potential to improve NO bioavailability and outcomes."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; McNeil, YR; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2008)	0.35
" We suggest that ADMA activates the local renin-angiotensin system, and the angiotensin II released activates NAD(P)H oxidase; superoxide produced interferes with the bioavailability of NO, resulting in diminished flow-induced dilation, a mechanism that may contribute to the development of arteriolar dysfunction and increased tone associated with elevated ADMA levels."	( ADMA impairs nitric oxide-mediated arteriolar function due to increased superoxide production by angiotensin II-NAD(P)H oxidase pathway. Koller, A; Lotz, G; Racz, A; Veresh, Z, 2008)	0.35
" L-arginine is independently associated with abnormal pulsatile (but not resistive) arterial hemodynamic indices, which may reflect abnormal L-arginine transport, leading to decreased intracellular bioavailability for NO synthesis."	( Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, arterial hemodynamics, and subclinical vascular disease: the PREVENCION Study. Bralley, JA; Chirinos, JA; Chirinos-Pacheco, J; Corrales-Medina, F; Cuba-Bustinza, C; David, R; Medina-Lezama, J; Muñoz-Atahualpa, E; Zea-Díaz, H, 2008)	0.35
"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine: a novel marker of risk and a potential target for therapy in chronic kidney disease. Kielstein, JT; Zoccali, C, 2008)	0.35
" In principle, it is caused by an impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) due to an inhibited synthesis (eg, by asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA]) or increased consumption of formed NO (by reactive oxygen species [ROS])."	( Roles of oxidants, nitric oxide, and asymmetric dimethylarginine in endothelial function. Grammer, T; März, W; Siekmeier, R, 2008)	0.35
" Impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability represents the central feature of endothelial dysfunction, and is a major factor in the pathophysiology of PH."	( Nitric oxide and arginine dysregulation: a novel pathway to pulmonary hypertension in hemolytic disorders. Gladwin, MT; Kato, GJ; Morris, CR, 2008)	0.35
" Indeed, endothelial dysfunction due to reduced synthesis and/or bioavailability of NO is thought to be an early step in the course of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD)."	( Role of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in diabetic vascular complications. Matsui, T; Nakamura, K; Okuda, S; Ueda, S; Yamagishi, S, 2008)	0.35
" Impaired NO bioavailability represents the central feature of endothelial dysfunction, and is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of vasculopathy in SCD."	( Mechanisms of vasculopathy in sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Morris, CR, 2008)	0.35
" Consistent with the data in endothelial and epithelial cells are functional data indicating that exogenous l-arginine can increase renal vascular and tubular NO bioavailability and thereby influence kidney perfusion, function and arterial pressure."	( Role of L-arginine in nitric oxide production in health and hypertension. Mattson, DL; Rajapakse, NW, 2009)	0.35
" In aged cells with an uncoupled NOS3 as shown by the reduced BH(4) level, the increase in superoxide anion and the lower production of cGMP and the decrease in NO bioavailability were linearly correlated with the increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i)."	( Effect of uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase on calcium homeostasis in aged porcine endothelial cells. Boucher, JL; Fournet-Bourguignon, MP; Frapart, Y; Gosgnach, W; Lesage, L; Molez, S; Perrier, E; Reure, H; Royere, E; Vilaine, JP; Villeneuve, N, 2009)	0.35
" It is possible that a reduction in NO bioavailability is responsible for this."	( Hemodynamic and vascular response to resistance exercise with L-arginine. Fahs, CA; Fernhall, B; Heffernan, KS, 2009)	0.35
"We examined the impact of serum ADMA on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular superoxide radical (O2-) production in patients with advanced atherosclerosis."	( Association of plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) with elevated vascular superoxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling: implications for endothelial function in human atherosclerosis. Antoniades, C; Antonopoulos, A; Channon, KM; Cunnington, C; Leeson, P; Pillai, R; Ratnatunga, C; Shirodaria, C; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D; Van-Assche, T; Warrick, N, 2009)	0.35
"This is the first study that demonstrates an association between ADMA and important measures of vascular function, such as vascular O2- production and NO bioavailability directly in human vessels."	( Association of plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) with elevated vascular superoxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling: implications for endothelial function in human atherosclerosis. Antoniades, C; Antonopoulos, A; Channon, KM; Cunnington, C; Leeson, P; Pillai, R; Ratnatunga, C; Shirodaria, C; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D; Van-Assche, T; Warrick, N, 2009)	0.35
" We conclude that ADMA compromises the integrity of the filtration barrier by altering the bioavailability of NO and O(2)(*-) and that NO-independent activation of sGC preserves the integrity of this barrier under conditions of NO depletion."	( ADMA injures the glomerular filtration barrier: role of nitric oxide and superoxide. Lianos, EA; McCarthy, ET; Miura, H; Papapetropoulos, A; Savin, VJ; Sharma, M; Sharma, R; Zhou, Z, 2009)	0.35
"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and induces endothelial dysfunction."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine and mortality in stages 3 to 4 chronic kidney disease. Beck, GJ; Collins, AJ; Greene, T; Kusek, JW; Menon, V; Sarnak, MJ; Terrin, N; Wang, X; Young, JM, 2009)	0.35
" We examined the relationship of global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR) (defined as arginine/[ornithine + citrulline]) versus arginine and its catabolic metabolites to prevalence of significantly obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (death, myocardial infarction, stroke) over a 3-year follow-up in 1,010 subjects undergoing elective cardiac catheterization."	( Diminished global arginine bioavailability and increased arginine catabolism as metabolic profile of increased cardiovascular risk. Brennan, DM; Cho, L; Hazen, SL; Tang, WH; Wang, Z, 2009)	0.35
" The chronic hypoxia-induced alteration of NO pathway was mainly related to the bioavailability of its substrate l-Arginine, since the infusion of l-Arginine restored the endothelial response to ACh in CH rats to the level of N rats."	( Alteration of endothelium-mediated vasodilator response in the rat hindlimb vasculature consecutive to chronic hypoxic stress: NO and EDHF involvement. Dauzat, M; Gibault, A; Obert, P; Reboul, C; Tanguy, S, )	0.13
" Currently available in the market are preparations in which bioavailability of ibuprofen is increased by salification with various salts."	( Ibuprofen-arginine generates nitric oxide and has enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Cuzzocrea, S; De Palma, C; Di Paola, R; Mazzon, E; Perrotta, C; Trabucchi, E, 2009)	0.35
" It is likely that diminished NO bioavailability in SAH contributes to cardiovascular complications."	( Platelet aggregation in arterial hypertension: is there a nitric oxide-urea connection? Brunini, TM; Mann, GE; Mendes-Ribeiro, AC; Moss, MB; Siqueira, MA, 2010)	0.36
" An evaluation of insulin sensitivity index during the oral glucose load, markers of systemic nitric oxide bioavailability and inflammation, and blood flow was performed before and at the end of the treatment in both groups."	( Oral L-arginine supplementation improves endothelial function and ameliorates insulin sensitivity and inflammation in cardiopathic nondiabetic patients after an aortocoronary bypass. Alfieri, O; Bosi, E; Castiglioni, A; Catapano, AL; Formica, F; La Canna, G; Lucotti, P; Monti, L; Pala, MG; Paolini, G; Piatti, P; Rossodivita, A; Setola, E, 2009)	0.35
"Under conditions of oxidative stress it is well known that the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is known to be significantly reduced."	( Effect of peroxynitrite on endothelial L-arginine transport and metabolism. Kaye, DM; Lang, C; Venardos, K; Zhang, WZ, 2009)	0.35
"Inhibition of arginase protects from myocardial infarction by a mechanism that is dependent on NOS activity and bioavailability of NO by shifting arginine utilization from arginase towards NOS."	( Arginase inhibition mediates cardioprotection during ischaemia-reperfusion. Gonon, AT; Jung, C; Lundberg, JO; Pernow, J; Sjöquist, PO, 2010)	0.36
" Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 reduced NO bioavailability by 27 and 57%, respectively."	( Role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide production. Cardounel, AJ; Karrupiah, K; Kearns, PN; Pope, AJ; Xia, Y, 2009)	0.35
" Considering the ideal route of administration in intensive care patients, peripheral vasoconstriction, edema, shock, and administration of catecholamines may reduce bioavailability and efficacy of subcutaneous administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)."	( [Anticoagulation in critically ill patient]. Fries, D, 2009)	0.35
" A two-color Western blotting technique is used to determine the in vivo IC(50) value for a reversible inhibitor of DDAH-1, N(5)-(1-iminopropyl)-l-ornithine, indicating this compound's bioavailability and its competition for binding to the active site."	( A click chemistry mediated in vivo activity probe for dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Fast, W; Hu, S; Wang, Y, 2009)	0.35
"L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, may restore nitric oxide levels and bioavailability and influence symptom severity, quality of life (QoL), physical performance, and left ventricular (LV) diastolic abnormalities in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HF)."	( Effects of L-arginine on the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire quality-of-life score in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. Boni, A; Dini, FL; Fontanive, P; Iurato, A; Piccioni, L; Saponati, G; Volterrani, C, 2009)	0.35
" Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and it reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide and begets endothelial dysfunction."	( Association between plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine activity and saphenous vein graft disease in patients with coronary bypass. Akdemir, R; Aras, D; Buyukterzi, Z; Cagirci, G; Cay, S; Karakurt, O; Kilic, H; Topaloglu, S; Yazihan, N, 2010)	0.36
" However, it did not ameliorate intraplatelet NO bioavailability and endothelial function during the period studied."	( Exercise training in doxorubicin-induced heart failure: effects on the L-arginine-NO pathway and vascular reactivity. Brunini, TM; Carvalho, JJ; Carvalho, LC; de Castro, JP; Matsuura, C; Mendes-Ribeiro, AC; Resende, AC, )	0.13
" Severe malaria (SM) is associated with decreased NO bioavailability, but the contribution of ADMA to the pathogenesis of impaired NO bioavailability and adverse outcomes in malaria is unknown."	( Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in severe falciparum malaria: association with impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and fatal outcome. Anstey, NM; Celermajer, DS; Darcy, CJ; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Granger, DL; Jones, C; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Lopansri, BK; McNeil, YR; Price, RN; Tjitra, E; Weinberg, JB; Yeo, TW, 2010)	0.36
" Endothelial dysfunction and reduced NO bioavailability have a central role in hypertension associated with pregnancy."	( Characterization of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rat platelets: the effects of pregnancy. Brunini, TM; de Moura, RS; Matsuura, C; Mendes-Ribeiro, AC; Moss, MB; Ognibene, DT; Resende, AC, 2010)	0.36
" Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase which reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide and begets endothelial dysfunction."	( Association between plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine activity and severity of aortic valve stenosis. Akdemir, R; Aras, D; Cagirci, G; Canga, A; Cay, S; Demir, AD; Karakurt, O; Kilic, H; Topaloğlu, S; Yazihan, N, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion, similar to the effects of increased dietary NO(3)(-) intake, elevating NO bioavailability through dietary L-Arg supplementation reduced the O(2) cost of moderate-intensity exercise and blunted the VO(2) slow component and extended the time to exhaustion during severe-intensity exercise."	( Acute L-arginine supplementation reduces the O2 cost of moderate-intensity exercise and enhances high-intensity exercise tolerance. Bailey, SJ; Blackwell, JR; DiMenna, FJ; Jones, AM; Vanhatalo, A; Wilkerson, DP; Winyard, PG, 2010)	0.36
" Reduced L-arginine bioavailability in asthma leads to increased formation of peroxynitrite which could induce mitochondrial dysfunction."	( L-arginine reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway injury in murine allergic airway inflammation. Agrawal, A; Ahmad, T; Dinda, AK; Ghosh, B; Leishangthem, GD; Mabalirajan, U, 2010)	0.36
" Arginine and antioxidant vitamins may have played synergistic roles to increase NO bioavailability and reduce oxidative stress damage, thus improving cardiopulmonary performance."	( L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins E and C improve the cardiovascular performance of broiler chickens grown under chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Bautista-Ortega, J; Ruiz-Feria, CA, 2010)	0.36
" Increased ADMA in cell culture supernatant (SN) from pre-miR-199a-CM or siRNA-Ube2i/2g1-CM lowered nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability of rat cardiac endothelial cells while lowering ADMA concentration in CM SNs by the PRMT inhibitor arginine methyltransferase inhibitor 1 (AMI-1) (100 µM) improved NO bioavailability."	( Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated regulation of miR-199a-5p links cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function in the heart: a key role for ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Brundiers, S; Castoldi, M; Drexler, H; Eder, M; Haghikia, A; Hilfiker-Kleiner, D; Missol-Kolka, E; Muckenthaler, MU; Petrasch-Parwez, E; Scherr, M; Stapel, B; Thum, T; Tsikas, D; Venturini, L, 2011)	0.37
"An abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) have long been proposed to be the common pathogenetic mechanism of the endothelial dysfunction, resulting from diverse cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic smoking, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension."	( Is oxidative stress a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease? Bruno, RM; Gori, T; Münzel, T; Taddei, S, 2010)	0.36
"Reduced bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is a central pathophysiological event in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases."	( Dietary nitrate attenuates oxidative stress, prevents cardiac and renal injuries, and reduces blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension. Carlström, M; Hezel, M; Larsson, E; Lundberg, JO; Persson, AE; Scheffer, PG; Teerlink, T; Weitzberg, E, 2011)	0.37
" Whereas previous studies have focused primarily on effects of high cholesterol diets on arginase expression and arginine metabolism in specific blood vessels, there is no information regarding the impact of lipid diets on arginase activity or arginine bioavailability at a systemic level."	( Arginase activities and global arginine bioavailability in wild-type and ApoE-deficient mice: responses to high fat and high cholesterol diets. Chapman, R; Erdely, A; Hulderman, T; Kashon, M; Kepka-Lenhart, D; Morris, SM; Salmen-Muniz, R; Simeonova, PP, 2010)	0.36
" Previous studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction in 5/6 nephrectomized mice is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased vascular superoxide production."	( Prevention of renal injury and endothelial dysfunction by chronic L-arginine and antioxidant treatment. Arellano-Mendoza, MG; Del Valle-Mondragon, L; Escalante, B; Rios, A; Vargas-Robles, H, 2011)	0.37
"This study sought to determine if metoprolol succinate ER (MET), and nebivolol (NEB), a β1-AR with increased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), would have differing effects on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration in hypertensives."	( The effect of nebivolol versus metoprolol succinate extended release on asymmetric dimethylarginine in hypertension. Blackstock, C; Chen, W; Delafontaine, P; Giles, TD; Higashi, Y; Kandavar, R; Roffidal, LE; Sander, GE; Sukhanov, S; Vaughn, C, )	0.13
" NO bioavailability is linked to arginine, its metabolic products ornithine and citrulline, and methylarginines."	( Quantification of arginine and its metabolites in human erythrocytes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cavalca, V; Squellerio, I; Tremoli, E, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion, an unfavourable NOS substrate/inhibitor ratio may contribute to the reduced NO bioavailability associated with inflammation."	( Systemic inflammation is linked to low arginine and high ADMA plasma levels resulting in an unfavourable NOS substrate-to-inhibitor ratio: the Hoorn Study. Dekker, JM; Heine, RJ; Scheffer, PG; Stehouwer, CD; Teerlink, T; van der Zwan, LP, 2011)	0.37
"Impaired endothelial and microvascular function due to decreased endothelial NO bioavailability is a potential mechanism linking increased plasma ADMA with organ failure and death in sepsis."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine, endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and mortality in sepsis. Anstey, NM; Celermajer, DS; Darcy, CJ; Davis, JS; Jones, C; McNeil, YR; Stephens, DP; Yeo, TW, 2011)	0.37
" Peripheral vasoconstriction, edema, shock, and administration of catecholamines may reduce the bioavailability and efficacy of subcutaneous administration of low molecular weight heparin."	( Thrombosis prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Fries, D, 2011)	0.37
"Red blood cells (RBC) play an important role in the balance between generation and scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) and hence its local bioavailability and influence on vasomotor control."	( Shear stress activation of nitric oxide synthase and increased nitric oxide levels in human red blood cells. Baskurt, OK; Celik-Ozenci, C; Johnson, PC; Meiselman, HJ; Ulker, P; Yalcin, O; Yaras, N, 2011)	0.37
" Endothelial dysfunction with impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been implicated in insulin resistance and hypertension."	( Elevated concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Alarcón, LM; Contreras, A; Díaz, N; González, DR; Guzmán, L; Icaza, G; Leiva, E; Moore-Carrasco, R; Mujica, V; Palomo, I, 2011)	0.37
" We hypothesized that vascular injury results in decreased bioavailability of NO secondary to dysregulated arginine-dependent NO generation."	( Nitrite-generated NO circumvents dysregulated arginine/NOS signaling to protect against intimal hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Alef, MJ; Carchman, E; Gladwin, MT; Kelley, EE; Morris, SM; Shiva, S; Tarpey, MM; Tzeng, E; Vallabhaneni, R; Wang, Y; Zuckerbraun, BS, 2011)	0.37
" Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may directly alter vascular function or cause changes in vascular tone by several mechanisms including altered nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability or signaling."	( Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Gori, T; Münzel, T; Schulz, E, 2011)	0.37
" In vitro data suggest that ADMA bioavailability is regulated by proinflammatory stimuli, but it is unclear whether ADMA is a link between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in humans."	( Role of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in human atherosclerosis. Antoniades, C; Antonopoulos, AS; Bakogiannis, C; Demosthenous, M; Koumallos, N; Koutsilieris, M; Lazaros, G; Lymperiadis, D; Marinou, K; Mavragani, K; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D; Toutouza, M; Triantafyllou, C; Vlachopoulos, C, 2011)	0.37
"These data imply that NO bioavailability within the myocardium modulates earliest stages of LVH development and facilitates development of diastolic dysfunction at a given LV mass."	( The endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) predicts LV mass independent of afterload. Frenneaux, MP; Heresztyn, T; Horowitz, JD; Marwick, TH; Mishra, K; Ngo, DT; Nightingale, AK; Rajendran, S; Ritchie, RH; Sverdlov, AL, 2011)	0.37
"It has been reported that estrogen deficiency after menopause might cause a decrement in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by increasing the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a major endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, thus leading to abnormalities in endothelial function."	( Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide levels in obese postmenopausal women. Esin, D; Gurdol, F; Kocak, H; Oner, P; Oner-Iyidogan, Y, 2011)	0.37
" Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is a principal manifestation of underlying endothelial dysfunction, which is an initial event in vascular disease."	( Cellular hypomethylation is associated with impaired nitric oxide production by cultured human endothelial cells. Barroso, M; Blom, HJ; Castro, R; de Almeida, IT; Esse, R; Gomes, AQ; Gonçalves, I; Jakobs, C; Loscalzo, J; Rivera, I; Rocha, MS; Teerlink, T, 2012)	0.38
" The bioavailability of NO plays a pivotal role in endothelial function and consequently in cardiovascular disease."	( Arginine bioavailability ratios are associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients referred to coronary angiography. Boehm, BO; Grammer, TB; März, W; Meinitzer, A; Pilz, S; Sourij, H; Winkelmann, BR, 2011)	0.37
" Global arginine bioavailability (GABR) was calculated by arginine divided by the sum of ornithine plus citrulline."	( Arginine bioavailability ratios are associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients referred to coronary angiography. Boehm, BO; Grammer, TB; März, W; Meinitzer, A; Pilz, S; Sourij, H; Winkelmann, BR, 2011)	0.37
" Further studies are warranted to elucidate the pathobiology and clinical relevance of the arginine bioavailability ratios in cardio-metabolic diseases."	( Arginine bioavailability ratios are associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients referred to coronary angiography. Boehm, BO; Grammer, TB; März, W; Meinitzer, A; Pilz, S; Sourij, H; Winkelmann, BR, 2011)	0.37
" It is widely accepted that NO bioavailability decrease is the majority reason."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine: a novel biomarker of gastric mucosal injury? Hu, CP; Li, FJ; Zhang, Z; Zou, YY, 2011)	0.37
" The results show that, in patients with moderate CHF, there is platelet activation and reduced intraplatelet NO bioavailability due to oxidative stress, which suggests a role for platelets in the prothrombotic state."	( Platelet activation, oxidative stress and overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in moderate heart failure. Brunini, TM; Cascarelli, PG; de Meirelles, LR; Matsuura, C; Mendes-Ribeiro, AC; Pereira, NR; Resende, Ade C; Salgado, A, 2011)	0.37
" Since tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) is an essential cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), decreased bioavailability of the substrate l-arginine and/or BH(4) may contribute to decreased NO production with hypercholesterolaemia."	( Acute localized administration of tetrahydrobiopterin and chronic systemic atorvastatin treatment restore cutaneous microvascular function in hypercholesterolaemic humans. Holowatz, LA; Kenney, WL, 2011)	0.37
"Homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor, its metabolism is influenced by certain B vitamins and it is associated with endothelial dysfunction probably due to impaired bioavailability of NO caused by homocysteine-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase."	( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people. Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011)	0.37
"The significant correlation between homocysteine and ADMA observed in this study may be an important mechanism decreasing NO bioavailability and so causing endothelial dysfunction."	( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people. Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011)	0.37
"Sepsis considerably alters the intestinal barrier functions, which in turn modify the absorption and bioavailability of nutrients."	( Endotoxemia affects citrulline, arginine and glutamine bioavailability. Arnaud, P; Chaumeil, JC; Curis, E; Cynober, L; Elwafi, F; Moinard, C; Neveux, N; Zerrouk, N, 2012)	0.38
"Endotoxemia affects the bioavailability of AAs differently according to the amino acid considered."	( Endotoxemia affects citrulline, arginine and glutamine bioavailability. Arnaud, P; Chaumeil, JC; Curis, E; Cynober, L; Elwafi, F; Moinard, C; Neveux, N; Zerrouk, N, 2012)	0.38
" The endogenous production of and/or the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is decreased in pulmonary hypertensive diseases."	( Overexpression of cationic amino acid transporter-1 increases nitric oxide production in hypoxic human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Chen, B; Chicoine, LG; Cui, H; Nelin, LD, 2011)	0.37
" Postprandial alterations in arginine and ADMA:arginine also suggest that acute hyperglycemia may induce VED by decreasing NO bioavailability through an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism."	( Postprandial hyperglycemia impairs vascular endothelial function in healthy men by inducing lipid peroxidation and increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine:arginine. Ballard, KD; Bruno, RS; Mah, E; Matos, ME; Noh, SK; Volek, JS, 2011)	0.37
" Early aliskiren treatment mitigates increases in ADMA, restores l-Arg-to-ADMA ratios, enhances neuronal NOS-α, prevents decreased nNOS-β levels in the kidney-which might restore NO bioavailability and contribute to the decrease of blood pressure in young SHRs."	( Aliskiren prevents hypertension and reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hsu, CN; Huang, LT; Lau, YT; Lin, CY; Tain, YL, 2011)	0.37
"These data suggest that NO-cGMP signaling is disrupted in neonatal rat pups exposed to even moderate hyperoxia due to increased arginase activity and consequent decreased bioavailability of the substrate L-arginine."	( Role of arginase in impairing relaxation of lung parenchyma of hyperoxia-exposed neonatal rats. Ali, NK; Jafri, A; Martin, RJ; Prakash, YS; Sopi, RB; Zaidi, SI, 2012)	0.38
" These findings not only highlight so far unrecognized cytokine-like properties of ADMA but also identify MPO as a regulatory switch for ADMA bioavailability under inflammatory conditions."	( Pathogenic cycle between the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine and the leukocyte-derived hemoprotein myeloperoxidase. Atzler, D; Baldus, S; Blankenberg, S; Böger, RH; D'Alecy, LG; Ehmke, H; Gadegbeku, CA; Hellwinkel, O; Kielstein, JT; Klinke, A; Kubala, L; Lau, D; Lund, N; Maas, R; Meinertz, T; Pekarova, M; Schmidt-Haupt, R; Schwedhelm, E; Slocum, JL; Sydow, K; Tsikas, D; von Leitner, EC; Willems, S, 2011)	0.37
"Hepatic endothelial dysfunction (HED), which is caused by decreased hepatic nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased lipid peroxidation, contributes to portal hypertension, which is a characteristic of cirrhosis."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) determines the improvement of hepatic endothelial dysfunction by vitamin E in cirrhotic rats. Chan, CC; Huang, YT; Lee, FY; Lee, SD; Lee, TY; Lin, HC; Yang, YY; Yeh, YC, 2012)	0.38
" Oxidative stress can decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide (*NO) in vessels."	( Antioxidant effects of resveratrol and other stilbene derivatives on oxidative stress and *NO bioavailability: Potential benefits to cardiovascular diseases. Bonnefont-Rousselot, D; Borderie, D; Frombaum, M; Le Clanche, S, 2012)	0.38
" These findings suggest that growth-related increases in arteriolar NO bioavailability may be due at least partially to changes in the regulation of eNOS phosphorylation and increased signaling activity, with no change in the abundance of eNOS signaling proteins."	( Changes in eNOS phosphorylation contribute to increased arteriolar NO release during juvenile growth. Boegehold, MA; Kang, LS; Nurkiewicz, TR; Wu, G, 2012)	0.38
"The aggregation of tetanus toxoid leads to reduced bioavailability of the vaccine and failure of immunization programmes in many parts of the globe."	( Stabilization of tetanus toxoid formulation containing aluminium hydroxide adjuvant against agitation. Jain, NK; Roy, I; Solanki, VA, 2012)	0.38
" Abnormalities in coronary microvascular function result from increased microvascular resistances and impaired endothelial release of vasoactive substances, especially in production and bioavailability of endothelium derived NO."	( Peripheral hemorheological and vascular correlates of coronary blood flow. Damaske, A; Fasola, F; Fineschi, M; Forconi, S; Gori, T; Jabs, A; Munzel, T; Muxel, S; Orphal, D; Parker, JD; Radmacher, MC; Schaefer, S; Wild, P, 2011)	0.37
" One of the earliest events in the development of atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction, namely, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis or its bioavailability within the peri-endothelial environment, where it is responsible for maintenance of vascular tissue integrity."	( Endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Ferrannini, E; Natali, A, 2012)	0.38
" Fondaparinux exhibits complete bioavailability when administered subcutaneously, has a longer half-life than LMWHs, and is given once daily by subcutaneous injection in fixed doses, without coagulation monitoring."	( Parenteral anticoagulants: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Baglin, TP; Garcia, DA; Samama, MM; Weitz, JI, 2012)	0.38
"We aimed at evaluating the impact of short and prolonged mild manipulations of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability on the main features of insulin secretion and whether NO promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in isolated β-cells."	( Effects of short and prolonged mild intracellular nitric oxide manipulations on various aspects of insulin secretion in INS-1E β-cells. Baldi, S; Delbarba, A; Ferrannini, E; Natali, A; Nisoli, E; Santini, E; Tulipani, A; Venturi, E, 2012)	0.38
"Low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a role in the pathogenesis of human as well as of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)."	( Efficacy of different nitric oxide-based strategies in preventing experimental cerebral malaria by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Carvalho, LJ; Frangos, JA; Martins, YC; Zanini, GM, 2012)	0.38
" Prophylactic L-arginine when given in bolus or continuous delivery and bolus BH4 supplementation, with or without arginase inhibition, were able to increase NO bioavailability in PbA-infected mice but failed to decrease ECM incidence in the doses and protocol used."	( Efficacy of different nitric oxide-based strategies in preventing experimental cerebral malaria by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Carvalho, LJ; Frangos, JA; Martins, YC; Zanini, GM, 2012)	0.38
"Stabilization of amorphous state is a focal area for formulators to reap benefits related with solubility and consequently bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."	( Moringa coagulant as a stabilizer for amorphous solids: Part I. Bhende, S; Jadhav, N, 2012)	0.38
" Reduced NO bioavailability as a result of NOS uncoupling has been speculated to play an essential role in cardiovascular pathologies including dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemia reperfusion injury, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus."	( Nitric oxide synthase uncoupling: a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. Ren, J; Roe, ND, )	0.13
"Permeation enhancers are of major interest to improve the low bioavailability of therapeutic agents due to poor membrane permeation."	( The influence of stabilizer and bioadhesive polymer on the permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002 in the nasal delivery of a paracellular marker. Eddington, ND; Song, KH, 2012)	0.38
" In ischemic conditions, decreased NO bioavailability was observed because of increased oxidative stress, decreased L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin, L-arginine and vitamin C actsynergistically to decrease oxidative stress, increase nitricoxide and improve blood flow after induction of hindlimbischemia in the rat. Messina, LM; Tie, G; Yan, J, 2012)	0.38
" The higher ADMA level after cesarean birth compared with vaginal birth may contribute to decreased nitric oxide production and bioavailability in neonatal vascular beds."	( Birth by cesarean section is associated with elevated neonatal plasma levels of dimethylarginines. Bode-Böger, SM; Ertl, T; Martens-Lobenhoffer, J; Sulyok, E; Vida, G, 2012)	0.38
" A potential reason for this is reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in African Americans, resulting in increased prevalence of factors that contribute to ventricular dysfunction."	( Vascular effects of nebivolol added to hydrochlorothiazide in African Americans with hypertension and echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction: the NASAA study. Bhaheetharan, S; Ferdinand, KC; Haque, T; Harris, J; Khan, BV; Merchant, N; Rahman, ST; Umar, K; Wahi, J, 2012)	0.38
" Furthermore, improvement in endothelial function and increased nitric oxide bioavailability suggests a potential mechanism of efficacy of nebivolol in these patients."	( Vascular effects of nebivolol added to hydrochlorothiazide in African Americans with hypertension and echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction: the NASAA study. Bhaheetharan, S; Ferdinand, KC; Haque, T; Harris, J; Khan, BV; Merchant, N; Rahman, ST; Umar, K; Wahi, J, 2012)	0.38
"The hemolytic products cell-free oxyhemoglobin (FHb) and arginase-1 reduce nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by scavenging NO and by degrading the NO precursor arginine to ornithine, respectively."	( Hemolysis compromises nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatory responses in patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. Bekers, O; Buurman, WA; Hanssen, SJ; Houben, AJ; Jacobs, MJ; Snoeijs, MG; van de Poll, MC; Windsant, IC, 2012)	0.38
"Accumulating methylated arginine metabolites and impaired arginine bioavailability have been associated with heart failure, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear."	( Pulmonary hypertension associated with advanced systolic heart failure: dysregulated arginine metabolism and importance of compensatory dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1. Borowski, AG; Hazen, SL; Moravec, CS; Shao, Z; Shrestha, K; Sweet, W; Tang, WH; Thakur, A; Thomas, JD; Wang, Z, 2012)	0.38
"This study prospectively determined plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and global arginine bioavailability ratio [GABR = arginine/(ornithine + citrulline)] by tandem mass spectrometry in subjects with advanced decompensated heart failure in the intensive care unit (n = 68) and with stable chronic heart failure (n = 57)."	( Pulmonary hypertension associated with advanced systolic heart failure: dysregulated arginine metabolism and importance of compensatory dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1. Borowski, AG; Hazen, SL; Moravec, CS; Shao, Z; Shrestha, K; Sweet, W; Tang, WH; Thakur, A; Thomas, JD; Wang, Z, 2012)	0.38
"Low renal nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contributes to the development and maintenance of chronic hypertension."	( Evidence that renal arginine transport is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Evans, RG; Hanchapola, I; Kaye, DM; Kuruppu, S; Mattson, DL; Rajapakse, NW; Smith, AI; Venardos, K, 2012)	0.38
"In hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction due to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide is a consistent finding."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine in adults with cystathionine β-synthase deficiency. Blom, HJ; Castro, R; Jakobs, C; Janssen, MC; Kluijtmans, LA; Rivera, I; Rocha, MS; Smulders, Y; Tavares de Almeida, I; Teerlink, T, 2012)	0.38
" In summary it can be stated, that bioavailability of NO is reduced in septic shock."	( L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine are early predictors for survival in septic patients with acute liver failure. Bierhaus, A; Brenner, T; Bruckner, T; Fleming, TH; Hofer, S; Krauser, U; Martin, E; Mieth, M; Nawroth, PP; Rosenhagen, C; Weigand, MA, 2012)	0.38
" Thus, in skeletal muscle arterioles, in the presence of ADMA, we investigated the dilator effect of an NO donor and increases in flow and aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the role of oxidative stress, which is known to reduce the bioavailability of NO."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine reduces nitric oxide donor-mediated dilation of arterioles by activating the vascular renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species. Debreczeni, B; Hamar, J; Kaminski, PM; Koller, A; Veresh, Z; Wolin, MS, 2012)	0.38
"We suggest that by activating the vascular renin-angiotensin-NAD(P)H oxidase pathway, ADMA elicits oxidative stress, which interferes with the bioavailability of NO and consequently reduces NO-mediated dilations."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine reduces nitric oxide donor-mediated dilation of arterioles by activating the vascular renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species. Debreczeni, B; Hamar, J; Kaminski, PM; Koller, A; Veresh, Z; Wolin, MS, 2012)	0.38
" L-Arg supplement serves as a potential adjunctive therapy for severe malaria, because it improves NO bioavailability and reverses endothelial dysfunction in severe malaria patients."	( Supplement of L-Arg improves protective immunity during early-stage Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection. Cao, Y; Cui, L; Li, Y; Pan, Y; Zhu, X, )	0.13
" These results suggested that HDMPPA could maintain NO bioavailability through an increasing eNOS expression and preventing NO degradation by ROS."	( Beneficial effects of the active principle component of Korean cabbage kimchi via increasing nitric oxide production and suppressing inflammation in the aorta of apoE knockout mice. Choi, YH; Noh, JS; Song, YO, 2013)	0.39
"Endothelial dysfunction is defined by reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk."	( Multifactorial risk factor intervention in patients with Type 2 diabetes improves arginine bioavailability ratios. Eder, M; Meinitzer, A; Pieber, TR; Sourij, H; Tripolt, NJ; Wascher, TC, 2012)	0.38
" At baseline and 3 months, arginine, ornithine and citrulline were chromatographically determined after pre-column-derivatization followed by fluorescent detection, and arginine bioavailability ratios were calculated."	( Multifactorial risk factor intervention in patients with Type 2 diabetes improves arginine bioavailability ratios. Eder, M; Meinitzer, A; Pieber, TR; Sourij, H; Tripolt, NJ; Wascher, TC, 2012)	0.38
"Intensified risk factor management significantly improved the global arginine bioavailability ratio (0."	( Multifactorial risk factor intervention in patients with Type 2 diabetes improves arginine bioavailability ratios. Eder, M; Meinitzer, A; Pieber, TR; Sourij, H; Tripolt, NJ; Wascher, TC, 2012)	0.38
"In patients with Type 2 diabetes, intensified risk factor management improves arginine bioavailability ratios."	( Multifactorial risk factor intervention in patients with Type 2 diabetes improves arginine bioavailability ratios. Eder, M; Meinitzer, A; Pieber, TR; Sourij, H; Tripolt, NJ; Wascher, TC, 2012)	0.38
" However, in vivo, the efficiency of CPP delivery to the cytosol remains unsatisfactory owing to endosomal entrapment and/or systemic toxicity, which severely restrict their bioavailability and efficacy in in vivo applications."	( Direct cytosolic delivery of cargoes in vivo by a chimera consisting of D- and L-arginine residues. Fan, F; Gong, C; Luo, M; Ma, Y; Yang, F; Zhang, YH, 2012)	0.38
" So, experimental study on CO2 absorption and regeneration characteristics of L-arginine and potassium argininate (PA) was put forward in this study based on the CO2 absorption rate and heating regeneration rate at ambient pressure."	( [CO2 absorption and regeneration performance of a natural amino acid and its potassium salt]. Ai, P; Chen, JA; Xu, ML; Yan, SP; Zhang, YL, 2012)	0.38
"The use of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) for prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation is increasing because of the predictable bioavailability and short half-life of these DTIs."	( Measuring direct thrombin inhibitors with routine and dedicated coagulation assays: which assay is helpful? Curvers, J; Scharnhorst, V; Stroobants, AK; van de Kerkhof, D; van den Dool, EJ, 2012)	0.38
" Therapeutic applications to influence (de novo) arginine and NO metabolism aim at increasing substrate availability or at influencing the metabolic fate of specific pathways related to NO bioavailability and prevention of NOS3 uncoupling."	( Arginine de novo and nitric oxide production in disease states. Deutz, NE; Luiking, YC; Ten Have, GA; Wolfe, RR, 2012)	0.38
" Together, these findings suggest that nNOS acts tonically to offset the detrimental cardiovascular actions of ethanol in female rats, and the enhanced vascular NO bioavailability may explain the blunted l-NIO evoked pressor response in ethanol-fed rats."	( Differential modulation by vascular nitric oxide synthases of the ethanol-evoked hypotension and autonomic dysfunction in female rats. Abdel-Rahman, AA; El-Mas, MM; Fan, M, 2012)	0.38
"Most recent studies have attempted to restore NO bioavailability in cardiovascular diseases with the use of antioxidants to reduce NO inactivation, but this approach has failed to provide beneficial effects in the clinical setting."	( Role of cellular L-arginine uptake and nitric oxide production on renal blood flow and arterial pressure regulation. Mattson, DL; Rajapakse, NW, 2013)	0.39
"Accordingly, we propose that L-Arg transporters are a new treatment target in hypertension and in disease states where renal NO bioavailability is disturbed."	( Role of cellular L-arginine uptake and nitric oxide production on renal blood flow and arterial pressure regulation. Mattson, DL; Rajapakse, NW, 2013)	0.39
" Also, arginine treatment reduced HIF-1α, as well as VEGF expression in normoxic BERK mice, supporting a role of NO bioavailability in HIF-1α activation."	( Antisickling fetal hemoglobin reduces hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in normoxic sickle mice: microvascular implications. Fabry, ME; Kaul, DK; Suzuka, SM; Zhang, X, 2013)	0.39
" Higher L-citruline production and NO bioavailability (4-fold), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (both mRNA and protein) were observed in hEPC-14d compared with hEPC-3d."	( L-arginine transport and nitric oxide synthesis in human endothelial progenitor cells. Aguayo, C; Aguilera, V; Díaz-Pérez, F; Escudero, C; González, M; Lamperti, L; Radojkovic, C; Veas, C, 2012)	0.38
" Building our knowledge of this regulation is necessary to understand and modulate the bioavailability of nitric oxide, central to the cardiovascular complications of diabetes and other diseases."	( L-arginine, tetrahydrobiopterin, nitric oxide and diabetes. Hoang, HH; Meininger, CJ; Padgham, SV, 2013)	0.39
"The global arginine bioavailability ratio has been proposed as a biomarker reflective of L-arginine availability, arginase activity, and citrulline cycling, as all of these processes impact eNOS activity."	( L-arginine, tetrahydrobiopterin, nitric oxide and diabetes. Hoang, HH; Meininger, CJ; Padgham, SV, 2013)	0.39
"Although impaired synthesis and/or bioavailability of nitric oxide are considered to contribute to insulin resistance and the progression of liver disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, role of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, has not been examined."	( Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels are independently associated with procollagen III N-terminal peptide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Chayama, K; Fukami, K; Hyogo, H; Ishitobi, T; Kimura, Y; Maeda, S; Nakahara, T; Okuda, S; Ueda, S; Yamagishi, S, 2014)	0.4
" Oral administration of these compounds to mice restricted the bioavailability of dietary energy, and in a long-term treatment it significantly diminished the rate of increase in body weight, despite ad libitum food intake."	( Enteropeptidase: a gene associated with a starvation human phenotype and a novel target for obesity treatment. Braud, S; Ciufolini, MA; Harosh, I, 2012)	0.38
" During limb ischemia, decreased NO bioavailability occurs secondary to increased oxidant stress, decreased L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin, L-arginine and vitamin C act synergistically to decrease oxidant stress and increase nitric oxide that increases blood flow recovery after hindlimb ischemia in the rat. Messina, LM; Tie, G; Yan, J, 2012)	0.38
" Nebivolol and carvedilol preserve NOS activity by reducing asymmetrical dimethylarginine (AMDA) and enhance the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) because of their antioxidant properties."	( Beta blockers, nitric oxide, and cardiovascular disease. Gao, Y; Vanhoutte, PM, 2013)	0.39
"Systemic alterations in arginine bioavailability occur in heart failure (HF) patients with more advanced myocardial dysfunction and poorer clinical outcomes, and they improve with beta-blocker therapy."	( Diminished global arginine bioavailability as a metabolic defect in chronic systolic heart failure. Hazen, SL; Klein, AL; Shrestha, K; Tang, WH; Troughton, RW; Wang, Z, 2013)	0.39
" Lower global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR; ratio of L-arginine to L-ornithine + L-citrulline) was associated with higher plasma natriuretic peptide levels, more advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and more severe right ventricular systolic dysfunction (all P < ."	( Diminished global arginine bioavailability as a metabolic defect in chronic systolic heart failure. Hazen, SL; Klein, AL; Shrestha, K; Tang, WH; Troughton, RW; Wang, Z, 2013)	0.39
"In patients with chronic systolic heart failure, diminished global L-arginine bioavailability is associated with more advanced myocardial dysfunction and poorer long-term adverse clinical outcomes."	( Diminished global arginine bioavailability as a metabolic defect in chronic systolic heart failure. Hazen, SL; Klein, AL; Shrestha, K; Tang, WH; Troughton, RW; Wang, Z, 2013)	0.39
" A key factor regulating endothelial function is the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Arginase as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: reversal of arginine steal? Jung, C; Pernow, J, 2013)	0.39
"Ischaemia-reperfusion injury is associated with reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and microvascular dysfunction."	( Arginase inhibition improves coronary microvascular function and reduces infarct size following ischaemia-reperfusion in a rat model. Berkowitz, D; Grönros, J; Jung, C; Kiss, A; Palmér, M; Pernow, J, 2013)	0.39
" However, its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics have not been described so far."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of N(ω)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, an arginase inhibitor, after single-dose intravenous, intraperitoneal and intratracheal administration to brown Norway rats. Babicova, A; Chladek, J; Havlinova, Z; Hroch, M, 2013)	0.39
" We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in mediating these effects."	( Altered nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to diesel exhaust inhalation-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in man. Barath, S; Blackwell, S; Blomberg, A; Bosson, J; Langrish, JP; Megson, IL; Mills, NL; Muala, A; Newby, DE; Pourazar, J; Sandström, T; Söderberg, S; Treweeke, A; Unosson, J, 2013)	0.39
"Increased arginase activity in the airways induces reduced bioavailability of L-arginine and cause deficiency of bronchodilatating and anti-inflammatory nitric oxide (NO)."	( Beneficial effects of arginase inhibition and inhaled L-arginine administration on airway histology in a murine model of chronic asthma. Arıkan-Ayyıldız, Z; Bağrıyanık, A; Karaman, M; Karaman, O; Kiray, M; Tuncel, T; Uzuner, N; Yilmaz, O, )	0.13
" Low nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to vasculopathy in sickle cell disease."	( A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of arginine therapy for the treatment of children with sickle cell disease hospitalized with vaso-occlusive pain episodes. Ansari, M; Gildengorin, G; Kuypers, FA; Lavrisha, L; Morris, CR; Neumayr, L; Stewart, M; Sweeters, N; Vichinsky, EP, 2013)	0.39
" The data also suggest that concomitant treatment with NAR can restore NO bioavailability through either its metal-chelating properties or its antioxidant activity."	( Erythrocyte nitric oxide synthase as a surrogate marker for mercury-induced vascular damage: the modulatory effects of naringin. Abo-Salem, OM; Attiaa, SM; Harisa, GI; Mariee, AD, 2014)	0.4
" They include the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine regulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB and iNOS expression. Ambrozova, G; Bino, L; Kadlec, J; Klinke, A; Kolarova, H; Kubala, L; Kuchta, R; Kuchtova, Z; Lojek, A; Martiskova, H; Pekarova, M; Rudolph, TK; Twarogova, M, 2013)	0.39
" However, the low bioavailability caused by insolubility, limits its clinical application."	( N-octyl-N-arginine-chitosan (OACS) micelles for gambogic acid oral delivery: preparation, characterization and its study on in situ intestinal perfusion. He, C; Lv, H; Munyendo, WL; Waddad, AY; Yu, F; Zhang, Q; Zhou, J, 2014)	0.4
" These data suggest that increasing L-arginine bioavailability via oral supplementation can ameliorate malaria-induced intestinal pathology, providing a basis for testing nutritional interventions to reduce malaria-associated mortality in humans."	( Malaria-associated L-arginine deficiency induces mast cell-associated disruption to intestinal barrier defenses against nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia. Caughey, GH; Chau, JY; Lawrence, JA; Lokken, KL; Luckhart, S; Mooney, JP; Nimishakavi, S; Pakpour, N; Tiffany, CM; Tsolis, RM, 2013)	0.39
" This study provides a direct link between oxidative stress and the enzymatic control of the NO bioavailability at the cellular level and endows with further insight into fundamental mechanisms underlying pancreatic disorders associated with disruptions in the L-arginine-NO-cGMP signalling enzyme cascade."	( L-arginine-NO-cGMP signalling pathway in pancreatitis. Bankfalvi, A; Boecker, W; Buchwalow, I; Neumann, J; Poremba, C; Samoilova, V; Schleicher, C; Schnekenburger, J; Tiemann, K, 2013)	0.39
" Reduced NO bioavailability may play an essential role in cardiovascular pathologies and metabolic diseases."	( Arginine and nitric oxide synthase: regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular aspects. Cottin, Y; Guilland, JC; Lorin, J; Rochette, L; Vergely, C; Zeller, M, 2014)	0.4
" As assessed by the ratio of L-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine, the bioavailability of nitric oxide was shown to be reduced in hepatic IRI, especially in those patients suffering from perfusion disorders following liver transplantation."	( Reactive metabolites and AGE-RAGE-mediated inflammation in patients following liver transplantation. Brenner, T; Bruckner, T; Fleming, TH; Hofer, S; Martin, EO; Schemmer, P; Spranz, D; Uhle, F; Weigand, MA, 2013)	0.39
"Insulin resistance strongly associates with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction."	( Nitric oxide directly promotes vascular endothelial insulin transport. Aylor, K; Barrett, EJ; Wang, AX; Wang, H, 2013)	0.39
" Bioavailability of the NO in the pulmonary vessels correlates with concentration of L-arginine as well as activity of phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme (PDE-5)."	( L-arginine in combination with sildenafil potentiates the attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. Al-Hiti, H; Baňasová, A; Chovanec, M; Herget, J; Kautzner, J; Melenovský, V; Vajnerová, O, 2013)	0.39
" The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of L-arginine or other agents to improve NO bioavailability in severe malaria have not been assessed."	( A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2013)	0.39
" Vital signs, selected biochemical measures (including blood lactate and L-arginine) and endothelial NO bioavailability (using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry [RH-PAT]) were assessed serially."	( A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2013)	0.39
"In the first clinical trial of an adjunctive treatment aimed at increasing NO bioavailability in severe malaria, L-arginine infused at 12 g over 8 hours was safe, but did not improve lactate clearance or endothelial NO bioavailability."	( A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2013)	0.39
" Increased oxidative stress impairs NO bioavailability and has been described in plasma of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients."	( Nitric oxide synthetic pathway in red blood cells is impaired in coronary artery disease. Cavalca, V; Chiorino, E; Crisci, M; Eligini, S; Garlaschè, A; Giovannardi, M; Lualdi, A; Porro, B; Squellerio, I; Tremoli, E; Veglia, F; Werba, JP, 2013)	0.39
" This study aimed to investigate the influence of ARI on ARG and methylarginines metabolism, and to establish the relationship between disturbances in the latter and reduced NO bioavailability in ARI."	( The influence of acute renal injury on arginine and methylarginines metabolism. Gilinsky, MA; Sukhovershin, RA, 2013)	0.39
"Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is a key factor contributing to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury."	( Myocardial protection by co-administration of L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin during ischemia and reperfusion. Böhm, F; Channon, KM; Gonon, AT; Kiss, A; Pernow, J; Settergren, M; Sjöquist, PO; Tornvall, P; Tratsiakovich, Y; Yang, J, 2013)	0.39
"Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)."	( Impaired L-arginine uptake but not arginase contributes to endothelial dysfunction in rats with chronic kidney disease. Edwards, DG; Kuczmarski, JM; Lennon-Edwards, S; Martens, CR, 2014)	0.4
" Epidemiological data show that the bioavailability of digoxin, a widely used agent for heart disease, varies among individuals."	( Intestinal microbiome and digoxin inactivation: meal plan for digoxin users? Large, PJ; Lu, L; Luo, X; Wu, Y; Zuo, L, 2014)	0.4
" Although much attention has been directed towards measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, accumulating data show that low bioavailability of L-arginine also contributes to inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling of the asthmatic airway."	( Arginine and asthma. Morris, CR, 2013)	0.39
" Both treatments restored NO bioavailability and reduced oxidative stress in SHR kidneys."	( Two different approaches to restore renal nitric oxide and prevent hypertension in young spontaneously hypertensive rats: l-citrulline and nitrate. Chien, SJ; Huang, CF; Huang, LT; Kuo, HC; Lin, KM; Lin, YJ; Tain, YL, 2014)	0.4
" Impaired bioavailability of L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis, is linked to sepsis severity, and plasma arginase has been linked to hypoargininemia in other disease states."	( Increased plasma arginase activity in human sepsis: association with increased circulating neutrophils. Anstey, NM; Chen, Y; Darcy, CJ; Davis, JS; McNeil, YR; Piera, KA; Weinberg, JB; Woodberry, T; Yeo, TW, 2014)	0.4
"Plasma arginase activity, potentially derived in part from neutrophil activation, is elevated in sepsis, and may contribute to impaired bioavailability of L-arginine in sepsis."	( Increased plasma arginase activity in human sepsis: association with increased circulating neutrophils. Anstey, NM; Chen, Y; Darcy, CJ; Davis, JS; McNeil, YR; Piera, KA; Weinberg, JB; Woodberry, T; Yeo, TW, 2014)	0.4
" In all variants of the study, Q10 stimulated eNOS expression and increases NO bioavailability by reducing the levels of total cholesterol and LDL and increasing HDL content in blood serum."	( Effects of endogenous regulators of endothelial NO synthase on nitric oxide homeostasis and blood serum lipoproteins during experimental diabetes mellitus. Dzugkoev, SG; Dzugkoeva, FS; Metel'skaya, VA, 2013)	0.39
"In experimental models of polycystic kidney disease impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and elevated mRNA expression of oxidative stress markers at the kidney level was noted."	( Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine is associated with oxidant stress aggravation in patients with early stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Georgianos, PI; Grekas, DM; Kapoulas, S; Makedou, A; Makedou, K; Raptis, V; Sarafidis, PA; Sioulis, A, 2013)	0.39
"Our results allow the conclusion that impaired NO bioavailability in pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia and/or IUGR result not from a reduced level or activity of eNOS or from its disturbed intracellular transport, but from increased ADMA levels, an endogenous inhibitor of the enzyme eNOS."	( The relation of maternal serum eNOS, NOSTRIN and ADMA levels with aetiopathogenesis of preeclampsia and/or intrauterine fetal growth restriction. Laskowska, K; Laskowska, M; Oleszczuk, J, 2015)	0.42
"Low global arginine bioavailability (GAB) is associated with numerous complications of SCD including early mortality."	( Alterations of the arginine metabolome in sickle cell disease: a growing rationale for arginine therapy. Morris, CR, 2014)	0.4
"Hypercholesterolemia is a prevalent risk factor for the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), mostly due to an increase in oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability within the penis."	( An increased arginase activity is associated with corpus cavernosum impairment induced by hypercholesterolemia. Costa-Fraga, FP; da Silva, RF; Faye, Y; Fraga-Silva, RA; Santos, RA; Stergiopulos, N; Sturny, M, 2014)	0.4
"Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is impaired in children and adults with severe falciparum malaria (SM)."	( Dimethylarginines: endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis in children with falciparum malaria. Anstey, NM; Chen, Y; Florence, SM; Granger, DL; Mukemba, JP; Mwaikambo, ED; Rubach, M; Volkheimer, AD; Wang, H; Weinberg, JB; Yeo, TW, 2014)	0.4
" Arginine bioavailability (reflected by low arginine:ADMA ratios) is therefore comparably low in SM in children as in adults."	( Dimethylarginines: endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis in children with falciparum malaria. Anstey, NM; Chen, Y; Florence, SM; Granger, DL; Mukemba, JP; Mwaikambo, ED; Rubach, M; Volkheimer, AD; Wang, H; Weinberg, JB; Yeo, TW, 2014)	0.4
" Enhancing NO bioavailability via exogen NO synthases (NOSs) and L-arginine promotes conversation to NO, circumventing the problem of nonfunctioning NOSs under hypoxic and acidic conditions."	( Enhancing Nitric Oxide Bioavailability via Exogen Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Microcirculatory Alterations. Engel, H; Friedrich, S; Gebhardt, MM; Germann, G; Gross, W; Reichenberger, M; Schleich, C, 2017)	0.46
"Enhancing NO bioavailability via exogen application of NOSs and L-arginine significantly attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced microcirculatory alterations in the microvasculature of skeletal muscle."	( Enhancing Nitric Oxide Bioavailability via Exogen Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Microcirculatory Alterations. Engel, H; Friedrich, S; Gebhardt, MM; Germann, G; Gross, W; Reichenberger, M; Schleich, C, 2017)	0.46
" We tested the hypothesis that ADMA would inhibit NOS but not arginase activity and that this pattern of inhibition would result in greater L-arginine bioavailability to arginase, thereby increasing viable cell number."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine does not inhibit arginase activity and is pro-proliferative in pulmonary endothelial cells. Chen, B; Chicoine, LG; Cui, H; Jin, Y; Nelin, LD; Strauch, K, 2014)	0.4
" These data suggest that NAR can restore NO bioavailability in a situation of Pb-induced cellular damage."	( Mitigation of lead-induced neurotoxicity by the naringin: erythrocytes as neurons substitute markers. Harisa, GI, 2014)	0.4
"A decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and an increased oxidative stress play a pivotal role in different cardiovascular pathologies."	( Nitric oxide synthetic pathway in patients with microvascular angina and its relations with oxidative stress. Cavalca, V; Chiorino, E; Crisci, M; Dalla Cia, A; Eligini, S; Fiorelli, S; Giovannardi, M; Lualdi, A; Porro, B; Squellerio, I; Tremoli, E; Veglia, F; Werba, JP, 2014)	0.4
"Aging is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED), in which nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NO bioavailability are reduced due to deficiencies of NOS cofactor (tetrahydrobiopterin, BH(4)) and substrate (L-arginine)."	( L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin, but not sodium nitrite partially restored erectile dysfunction in aged rats. Bayatli, N; Gur, S; Kaya, E; Un, O; Yilmaz, D, 2014)	0.4
"Assessment of oral drug bioavailability is an important parameter for new chemical entities (NCEs) in drug development cycle."	( A novel concentration dependent amino acid ion pair strategy to mediate drug permeation using indomethacin as a model insoluble drug. ElShaer, A; Hanson, P; Mohammed, AR, 2014)	0.4
" The PNC-CLM showed remarkable enhancement of 453% in relative bioavailability along with maintaining the therapeutic concentration of PTX for 8h."	( Oral delivery of paclitaxel nanocrystal (PNC) with a dual Pgp-CYP3A4 inhibitor: preparation, characterization and antitumor activity. Gota, V; Mehta, M; Patel, K; Patil, A; Vavia, P, 2014)	0.4
"Collectively, these data indicate that obesity-induced down-regulation of CAT1 expression and subsequent reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide may contribute to the development of obesity-induced hypertension."	( Augmented endothelial-specific L-arginine transport prevents obesity-induced hypertension. Evans, RG; Fernandez, S; Head, GA; Karim, F; Kaye, DM; Rajapakse, NW; Straznicky, NE, 2014)	0.4
" It indicated diminished bioavailability of NO, which argued for a dysfunctional endothelium."	( Maladjusted host immune responses induce experimental cerebral malaria-like pathology in a murine Borrelia and Plasmodium co-infection model. Andersson, M; Bergström, S; Björk, R; Engström, P; Fahlgren, A; Moritz, T; Nelson, M; Normark, J, 2014)	0.4
" However, therapeutic proteins have poor bioavailability upon oral administration due to the impermeable barrier from intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ)."	( FRET-based dual-emission and pH-responsive nanocarriers for enhanced delivery of protein across intestinal epithelial cell barrier. Chuang, EY; Ho, YC; Hsu, CH; Lin, CW; Lu, KY; Mi, FL; Sung, HW, 2014)	0.4
" Since disturbed NO bioavailability is a major pathway whereby high uric may cause renal damage, we tested the interaction between the major endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, asymmetric-dimethylargine (ADMA), and the rs734553 polymorphism for CKD progression in the same cohort."	( Synergism between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and a genetic marker of uric acid in CKD progression. Leonardis, D; Mallamaci, F; Pisano, A; Sanguedolce, MC; Spoto, B; Testa, A; Tripepi, G; Zoccali, C, 2015)	0.42
" Borderline increases in TRV were associated with a reduced global arginine bioavailability (R=-0."	( Pulmonary hypertension in well-transfused thalassemia major patients. Coates, TD; Detterich, J; Harmatz, P; Meloni, A; Pepe, A; Wood, JC, 2015)	0.42
" Nebivolol increases the bioavailability of NO."	( Digital plethysmography and arginine metabolism in prehypertension: effect of nebivolol therapy. Delafontaine, P; Egan, P; Fernandez, C; Giles, TD; Kandavar, R; Kim, C; Roffidal, LE; Sander, GE; Sukhanov, S; Velaga, S, 2015)	0.42
" This data suggest that reduced basal generation of NO by neutrophils in CRF patients on hemodialysis occurs independently of L-arginine bioavailability and is able to suppress platelet activation."	( Diminished nitric oxide generation from neutrophils suppresses platelet activation in chronic renal failure. Abrantes, DC; Brunini, TM; Corrêa, CR; Matsuura, C; Mendes-Ribeiro, AC; Mury, WV; Ormonde do Carmo, MB; Santos, SF, 2015)	0.42
"Arginase is an enzyme that limits substrate L-arginine bioavailability for the production of nitric oxide by the nitric oxide synthases and produces L-ornithine, which is a precursor for collagen formation and tissue remodeling."	( Arginase inhibition prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension, vascular remodeling, and collagen deposition in neonatal rat lungs. Belik, J; Dhaliwal, R; Grasemann, H; Ivanovska, J; Jankov, RP; Kantores, C; McNamara, PJ; Scott, JA, 2015)	0.42
" In this article, a leonurine O/O microemulsion (LE-ME) was prepared and investigated for its in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability in the mouse body using an aqueous suspension of leonurine (LE-SWW) for the control group."	( A study on the PK and BA profiles in the mouse body for leonurine O/O microemulsion with determination by the LC-MS/MS method. Ding, Q; Lu, C; Lu, T; Sun, Y; Yuan, Y; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
" As a consequence, Indian women had lower arginine bioavailability (μmol · kg FFM⁻¹ · h⁻¹) in the fasting state (42."	( Indian women of childbearing age do not metabolically conserve arginine as do American and Jamaican women. Badaloo, A; Baker, TM; Bohren, KM; Dwarkanath, P; Hsu, JW; Jahoor, F; Kao, CC; Karnes, JM; Kurpad, AV; Thame, MM, 2015)	0.42
"Vascular tone is controlled by the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway, and NO bioavailability is strongly affected by hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress."	( Insulin reverses D-glucose-increased nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Aguayo, C; Avila, P; Cabrera, L; Gallardo, V; González, M; Guzmán-Gutiérrez, E; Leiva, A; Palma, C; Pardo, F; Peña, E; Rojas, S; Sáez, T; Salsoso, R; Sanhueza, C; Sobrevia, L; Villalobos, R, 2015)	0.42
" The bioavailability of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) depends on competition between NO synthase-3 (NOS3) and arginases for their common substrate (L-arginine)."	( Is arginase a potential drug target in tobacco-induced pulmonary endothelial dysfunction? Delclaux, C; Devillier, P; Henno, P; Israël-Biet, D; Le Pimpec-Barthes, F; Maurey, C, 2015)	0.42
" In addition, low arginine bioavailability may contribute to cardiopulmonary dysfunction in β-thalassaemia."	( Dysregulated arginine metabolism and cardiopulmonary dysfunction in patients with thalassaemia. Hassell, K; Kim, HY; Klings, ES; Kuypers, FA; Kwiatkowski, JL; Larkin, S; Morris, CR; Neufeld, EJ; Olivieri, NF; Porter, JB; Suh, JH; Sweeters, N; Taher, A; Thompson, AA; Trachtenberg, F; Vichinsky, EP; Virzi, L; Wood, J, 2015)	0.42
" Therefore, the prophylactic use of L-Arg to treat CM, based on the assumption that restoring the bioavailability of endothelial NO improves the outcome of CM, may need to be reconsidered especially for children."	( L-arginine exacerbates experimental cerebral malaria by enhancing pro-inflammatory responses. Cao, Y; Chen, G; Du, Y; Feng, Y; Pang, W; Qi, Z; Wang, Q; Xu, H; Zhu, X, 2015)	0.42
" We demonstrate that 1) plasma indexes of L-arginine bioavailability and impairment of nitric oxide synthase function correlate with airway responsiveness to methacholine; 2) plasma levels of L-ornithine predict in vivo pulmonary arginase activity and airway function; and 3) acute arginase inhibition reduces in vivo pulmonary arginase activity to control levels and normalizes plasma L-ornithine, but not L-arginine, bioavailability in this model."	( Plasma arginine metabolites reflect airway dysfunction in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Grasemann, H; Huang, H; North, ML; Pencharz, P; Rafii, M; Scott, JA, 2015)	0.42
" We found a decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide due to the increase in the content of oxidized low density lipids, total cholesterol and cholesterol-lowering lipids high density."	( [The changes in the biochemical indices of blood in cobalt intoxication on the background of the regulators of the expression of endothelial NO-synthase]. Dzugkoev, SG; Dzugkoeva, FS; Gigolaeva, LB; Margieva, OI; Mozhayeva, IV; Tedtoeva, AI, )	0.13
" In particular, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is a key pathophysiologic component of endothelial dysfunction."	( Pathogenesis and treatment of the cardiorenal syndrome: Implications of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway impairment. Kaye, DM; Nanayakkara, S; Rajapakse, NW, 2015)	0.42
" Reduced bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide, by increasing vascular tone and promoting platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, plays a key role in the onset of the majority of cardiovascular diseases."	( Nitrergic system and plasmatic methylarginines: Evidence of their role in the perinatal programming of cardiovascular diseases. Bassareo, PP; Bassareo, V; Flore, G; Mercuro, G; Mussap, M, 2015)	0.42
" This reduction in exhaled NO correlated with reduced arginine bioavailability in lungs."	( Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Increased Oxo-Nitrative Stress and Asthma-Like Changes in Lungs. Aggarwal, ML; Aggarwal, R; Agrawal, A; Ahmad, T; Banik, A; Ghosh, B; Nappanveettil, G; Patnaik, BR; Singh, KP; Singh, S; Singh, VP, 2015)	0.42
" Therefore, this mini review focuses on the actual summarization of information about (i) l-arginine bioavailability in organism, (ii) l-arginine-dependent regulation of nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, and importantly (iii) its role in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and G-protein-coupled receptors in macrophages."	( The crucial role of l-arginine in macrophage activation: What you need to know about it. Lojek, A; Pekarova, M, 2015)	0.42
" In order to improve NO bioavailability within the vessel wall in type-1 diabetes, we investigated treatment strategies that improve eNOS phosphorylation and NO-dependent vasorelaxation."	( Enhancing eNOS activity with simultaneous inhibition of IKKβ restores vascular function in Ins2(Akita+/-) type-1 diabetic mice. de Crom, R; Habib, SL; Janardhanan, P; Krishnan, M; Mohan, S; Natarajan, M; Reddick, RL; Roman, L; van Haperen, R, 2015)	0.42
"Compared with controls, fructose led to NAFLD with significantly higher visceral fat mass (128%), lower lean body mass (-7%), insulin resistance (135%), increased plasma triglycerides (TGs; 67%), and altered plasma amino acid concentrations with decreased Arg bioavailability (-27%)."	( Citrulline and Nonessential Amino Acids Prevent Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Bergheim, I; Beutheu, S; De Bandt, JP; Jegatheesan, P; Nubret, E; Sarfati, G; Ventura, G, 2015)	0.42
"We suggest that elevated levels of ADMA in the PF of patients indicate upregulated RAS and reduced bioavailability of NO, which can contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling."	( Elevated Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the Pericardial Fluid of Cardiac Patients Correlate with Cardiac Hypertrophy. Biri, B; Cziraki, A; Keki, S; Koller, A; Nemeth, Z; Szabados, S, 2015)	0.42
" Recently, we demonstrated that a cell-penetrating endosome-disruptive peptide we synthesized, termed 599, enhanced the intracellular delivery and bioavailability of siRNAs designed to target the CIP2A oncoprotein (siCIP2A) into oral cancer cells and consequently inhibited oral cancer cell invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth in vitro."	( Fusogenic-oligoarginine peptide-mediated silencing of the CIP2A oncogene suppresses oral cancer tumor growth in vivo. Alexander-Bryant, AA; Attaway, CC; Dumitriu, A; Jakymiw, A; Yu, H, 2015)	0.42
"Insufficient inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, through reduced bioavailability of ADMA, might be a novel significant contributory factor to the severity of AP and subsequent development of hyperglycemia."	( Association of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine With Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Hyperglycemia. Bogut, A; Kovacic Vicic, V; Meter, I; Radman, M; Trgo, G; Vucic Lovrencic, M; Zaja, I, )	0.13
" Our results demonstrate that preservation of NO bioavailability leads to renal protection in AA-induced acute kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining renal function."	( Protective effect of nitric oxide in aristolochic acid-induced toxic acute kidney injury: an old friend with new assets. Caron, N; Colombaro, V; Declèves, AÉ; Jadot, I; Martin, B; Nortier, J; Voisin, V, 2016)	0.43
" Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis."	( Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. Leung, SW; Vanhoutte, PM; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.42
" The mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction seem to evolve throughout kidney disease progression, culminating in reduced L-arginine transport and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability in advanced disease."	( The Vascular Endothelium in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Novel Target for Aerobic Exercise. Edwards, DG; Kirkman, DL; Martens, CR, 2016)	0.43
" The recently introduced "global arginine bioavailability ratio" (GABR; ratio of arginine to [ornithine+citrulline]) has been proposed as a reliable approximation of NO synthetic capacity in vivo."	( Global arginine bioavailability, a marker of nitric oxide synthetic capacity, is decreased in PTSD and correlated with symptom severity and markers of inflammation. Abu-Amara, D; Bersani, FS; Bierer, LM; Coy, M; Epel, ES; Flory, J; Lindqvist, D; Makotine, I; Marmar, C; Mellon, SH; Reus, VI; Wolkowitz, OM; Yehuda, R, 2016)	0.43
"Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I-R), and reduced l-arginine transport via cationic amino acid transporter-1 is a key contributor to the reduced NO levels."	( Cardio-protective effects of combined l-arginine and insulin: Mechanism and therapeutic actions in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hoe, LS; Kaye, DM; Peart, JN; Rajapakse, NW; Venardos, KM; Williams, D, 2015)	0.42
"Pathways of oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability and L-arginine derivatives are hypothesized to be related to atrial fibrillation (AF)."	( ADMA, subclinical changes and atrial fibrillation in the general population. Appelbaum, S; Atzler, D; Bauer, C; Blankenberg, S; Böger, RH; Hoffmann, B; Lackner, KJ; Münzel, T; Ojeda, FM; Ramuschkat, M; Schnabel, RB; Schwedhelm, E; Sinning, CR; Wild, PS; Zeller, T, 2016)	0.43
"In 71 in-patients with major depression and 48 healthy controls the Global Arginine Bioavailability Ratio (GABR), arginase activity (arginine/ornithine ratio), the L-arginine/ADMA ratio, ADMA, and SDMA were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography."	( Nitric Oxide-Related Biological Pathways in Patients with Major Depression. Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, O; Baranyi, A; Baranyi, M; Hlade, P; Koppitz, M; Meinitzer, A; Reicht, G; Robier, C; Rothenhäusler, HB; Theokas, S, 2015)	0.42
" In addition, after a first improvement of depression at the time of hospital discharge, a significant decrease in arginase activity, an increased L-arginine/ADMA ratio and a trend for increased global arginine bioavailability were observed."	( Nitric Oxide-Related Biological Pathways in Patients with Major Depression. Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, O; Baranyi, A; Baranyi, M; Hlade, P; Koppitz, M; Meinitzer, A; Reicht, G; Robier, C; Rothenhäusler, HB; Theokas, S, 2015)	0.42
" The accurate and precise measurement of arginine and its methylated derivatives is needed for research studies investigating their role(s) in NO bioavailability and development of disease."	( Quantification of Arginine and Its Methylated Derivatives in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Haymond, S; Miller, A; Vespa, G; Vicente, FB, 2016)	0.43
" As an important inhibitor of the bioavailability of NO, ADMA is an underlying mechanism of LVH."	( Does the ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway modulate early regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with esmolol? Delgado-Baeza, E; Quintana-Villamandos, B, 2016)	0.43
"Water-soluble prodrug strategy is a practical alternative for improving the drug bioavailability of sparingly-soluble drugs with reduced drug efficacy."	( Novel prodrugs with a spontaneous cleavable guanidine moiety. Hamada, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases that limits nitric oxide bioavailability and can increase production of NOS derived reactive oxidative species."	( Effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on heart failure development. Chen, A; Chen, Y; Fassett, JT; Hou, L; Liu, X; Xu, D; Xu, Y; Yang, L; Zhuang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" A decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been pointed out to play a major role in this phenomenon."	( Combined effects of aerobic exercise and l-arginine ingestion on blood pressure in normotensive postmenopausal women: A crossover study. de P Novais, I; Katsanos, CS; Puga, GM; Zanesco, A, 2016)	0.43
" Test food contained functional lipids (fish oil), antioxidants (vitamins C and E), L-carnitine, botanicals (vegetables), highly bioavailable protein, and amino acid supplements."	( Positive Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine Concentrations in Client-Owned Geriatric Cats. Hall, JA; Jewell, DE; MacLeay, J; Obare, E; Paetau-Robinson, I; Schiefelbein, H; Yerramilli, M, 2016)	0.43
" Test food contained functional lipids (fish oil), antioxidants (lipoic acid, vitamins C and E), L-carnitine, botanicals (fruits and vegetables), controlled sodium concentration, and high quality protein sources (high bioavailability and an ideal amino acid composition)."	( Positive Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine Concentrations in Client-Owned Geriatric Dogs. Hall, JA; Jewell, DE; MacLeay, J; Obare, E; Paetau-Robinson, I; Schiefelbein, H; Yerramilli, M, 2016)	0.43
" The diminished NO bioavailability associated with inflammatory status and impaired enzymatic antioxidant defence may contribute to future cardiovascular complications in obesity."	( Platelet hyperaggregability in obesity: is there a role for nitric oxide impairment and oxidative stress? Brunini, TM; Leite, NR; Matsuura, C; Mendes-Ribeiro, AC; Mury, WV; Noronha Filho, G; Perszel, MB; Siqueira de Medeiros, M, 2016)	0.43
" Of these biosynthetic processes, many viruses, including Herpes simplex viruses (HSV), are absolutely dependent on the bioavailability of arginine, a non-essential amino acid that is critical for many physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with either facilitating viral replication or progression of disease."	( Development and evaluation of a host-targeted antiviral that abrogates herpes simplex virus replication through modulation of arginine-associated metabolic pathways. Foster, TP; Ochoa, AC; Sanchez, MD, 2016)	0.43
" However, the limited solubility and poor bioavailability of triterpene sapogenins restrict their therapeutic application."	( Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains. Li, X; Liu, K; Na, H; Wang, C; Zou, C, 2016)	0.43
" In this clinical study, we investigated whether PD-mediated impairment of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and signaling, in patients with persistently low systolic blood pressure (SBP), can explain the occurrence of cerebral ischemia."	( Peritoneal dialysis impairs nitric oxide homeostasis and may predispose infants with low systolic blood pressure to cerebral ischemia. Bárány, P; Békássy, Z; Cananau, C; Carlström, M; Checa, A; Hansson, S; Krmar, RT; Lundberg, JO; Sartz, L; Svensson, A; Weitzberg, E; Westphal, S; Wheelock, CE; Wide, K, 2016)	0.43
"Increased matrix metalloproteinases activity and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contributes to development of hypertension and this may be associated with a defective l-arginine-NO pathway."	( Exogenous l-arginine reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities and oxidative stress in patients with hypertension. Amaral, TAG; Garcia, VP; Nóbrega, ACL; Rocha, HNM; Rocha, NG; Secher, NH; Silva, GM; Vianna, LC, 2016)	0.43
" Our results suggest that ADMA and oxidative stress likely reduce NO bioavailability under altitude hypoxia, which implies greater pulmonary vascular reactivity and tone, despite the more subdued effects observed under CIH."	( Long-Term Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia in Rats Causes an Imbalance in the Asymmetric Dimethylarginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and ROS Activity: A Possible Synergistic Mechanism for Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension? Arriaza, K; Böger, RH; Brito, J; Klose, H; Leon-Velarde, F; Lüneburg, N; Pena, E; Siques, P, 2016)	0.43
" Reduced NO bioavailability can induce hypertension via multiple mechanisms."	( Effects of Dietary l-Arginine on Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Obese Normotensive and Obese Hypertensive Subjects. Giam, B; Head, GA; Kaye, DM; Kuruppu, S; Rajapakse, NW, 2016)	0.43
"This study tested the hypothesis that watermelon juice supplementation would improve nitric oxide bioavailability and exercise performance."	( Two weeks of watermelon juice supplementation improves nitric oxide bioavailability but not endurance exercise performance in humans. Bailey, SJ; Blackwell, JR; Jones, AM; Vanhatalo, A; Williams, E; Winyard, PG; Wylie, LJ, 2016)	0.43
"Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) increases cardiovascular disease risk regardless of glucose intolerance by transiently impairing vascular endothelial function (VEF) by limiting nitric oxide bioavailability in an oxidative stress-dependent manner."	( A green tea-containing starch confection increases plasma catechins without protecting against postprandial impairments in vascular function in normoglycemic adults. Ahn-Jarvis, J; Bruno, RS; Chitchumroonchokchai, C; Mah, E; McDonald, JD; Reverri, EJ; Sapper, TN; Vodovotz, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability characterize severe falciparum malaria, but have not been assessed in severe vivax malaria."	( Nitric Oxide-Dependent Endothelial Dysfunction and Reduced Arginine Bioavailability in Plasmodium vivax Malaria but No Greater Increase in Intravascular Hemolysis in Severe Disease. Anstey, NM; Barber, BE; Chen, Y; Grigg, MJ; Piera, KA; Wang, H; Weinberg, JB; William, T; Yeo, TW, 2016)	0.43
"Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI)."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine predicts the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Chan, WL; Chang, CF; Hsu, CP; Lee, TS; Lin, CC; Lin, SJ; Lu, TM, 2016)	0.43
" The reasons for the low bioavailability were studied through different routes of administration."	( Characterization and Bioavailability of Wogonin by Different Administration Routes in Beagles. Li, JC; Wang, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, JX; Zhu, N, 2016)	0.43
"L-Citrulline, either synthetic or in watermelon, may improve vascular function through increased L-arginine bioavailability and nitric oxide synthesis."	( Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Figueroa, A; Gonzales, JU; Jaime, SJ; Wong, A, 2017)	0.46
" Vascular dysfunction is more pronounced in AA compared to EA women due in part to lower nitric oxide bioavailability caused by higher oxidative stress."	( Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Elders: The MOXIE Study. Crowe-White, K; Dudenbostel, T; Ellis, AC; Locher, JL, )	0.13
" Lysine, arginine, citrulline, global arginine bioavailability ratio, and symmetrical dimethylarginine were different between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults (P = ≤0."	( Comprehensive assessment of the arginine pathway and its relationship to inflammation in HIV. Alam, K; Dirajlal-Fargo, S; Funderburg, N; Kulkarni, M; McComsey, GA; Sattar, A; Wilson, WH, 2017)	0.46
"Diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability thereby affecting renal blood flow regulation."	( Cellular transport of l-arginine determines renal medullary blood flow in control rats, but not in diabetic rats despite enhanced cellular uptake capacity. Fasching, A; Hansell, P; Palm, F; Persson, P; Teerlink, T, 2017)	0.46
" Evidence suggest that ED is an independent predictor of cardiac events and that it is associated with a deficiency in production or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and/or an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors."	( Caveolin1/protein arginine methyltransferase1/sirtuin1 axis as a potential target against endothelial dysfunction. Arokiaraj, J; Charles, S; Mala, K; Raj, V, 2017)	0.46
"Categorized as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs, statin exhibit low aqueous solubility and bioavailability thus presenting an obstacle and great challenge to formulation researchers."	( Arginine Complexes with Simvastatin: Apparent Solubility, In Vitro Dissolution and Solid State Characterization. Affandi, MMRMM; Majeed, ABA; Tripathy, M, 2018)	0.48
" Low arginine bioavailability plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a growing number of varied diseases, including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, malaria, acute asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and trauma, among others."	( Acquired Amino Acid Deficiencies: A Focus on Arginine and Glutamine. Hamilton-Reeves, J; Martindale, RG; Morris, CR; Ochoa Gautier, JB; Sarav, M, 2017)	0.46
" One of the predicted side effects of such therapy is restricted bioavailability of nitric oxide as arginine catabolic product."	( Nitric oxide donor augments antineoplastic effects of arginine deprivation in human melanoma cells. Barska, M; Bobak, Y; Chen, O; Igumentseva, N; Karatsai, O; Lyniv, L; Mayevska, O; Pavlyk, I; Redowicz, MJ; Rzhepetskyy, Y; Stasyk, O, 2017)	0.46
"Increased oxidative stress and disturbance in nitric oxide bioavailability lead to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complication in renal disease."	( Vascular function and arginine and dimethylarginines in gentamicin-induced renal failure: a possible effect of heme oxygenase 1 inducer hemin. Alp-Yıldırım, FI; Aycan-Ustyol, E; Bekpinar, S; Giris, M; Kabasakal, M; Ozluk, Y; Tepe, O; Unlucerci, Y; Uydes-Dogan, BS; Uysal, M, 2017)	0.46
" In conclusion, coatings might improve the bioavailability of co-amorphous formulations."	( Solid state properties and drug release behavior of co-amorphous indomethacin-arginine tablets coated with Kollicoat® Protect. Grohganz, H; Leopold, CS; Löbmann, K; Petry, I; Rades, T, 2017)	0.46
"Endothelial dysfunction/NO bioavailability is associated with worse plasma leakage, occurs early in dengue illness and correlates with hypoargininemia and high arginase-1 levels."	( Endothelial Nitric Oxide Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Dengue: A Prospective Observational Study. Culshaw, A; Dong Thi, HT; Ha, QNT; Huynh, TT; Lam, PK; Le, DHT; Lien, LT; Mongkolspaya, J; Nguyen Ho, HH; Screaton, G; Simmons, C; Van, NT; Wertheim, H; Wills, B; Yacoub, S; Yeo, TW, 2017)	0.46
" It is concluded that oxidative stress decreased Arg bioavailability and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum, and that Arg supplementation has beneficial effects in the jejunum through regulation of the metabolism of Arg and suppression of inflammatory cytokine expression in piglets."	( Arginine metabolism and its protective effects on intestinal health and functions in weaned piglets under oxidative stress induced by diquat. Che, L; Chen, D; He, J; Huang, Z; Luo, J; Luo, Y; Mao, X; Tian, G; Yu, B; Yu, J; Zeng, Q; Zheng, P, 2017)	0.46
" Surrogate markers for NO bioavailability are substrates of NO generating synthase (NOS): L-arginine (lArg) and homoarginine (hArg) together with the inhibitory competitive substrate asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)."	( Markers of nitric oxide are associated with sepsis severity: an observational study. Bauer, A; Böger, RH; Goetz, AE; Holzmann, M; Kluge, S; Moritz, E; Nierhaus, A; Priefler, M; Robbe, L; Schwedhelm, E; Winkler, MS; Zahrte, C; Zoellner, C, 2017)	0.46
" Both metabolites affect NO metabolism and our findings suggest reduced NO bioavailability in sepsis."	( Markers of nitric oxide are associated with sepsis severity: an observational study. Bauer, A; Böger, RH; Goetz, AE; Holzmann, M; Kluge, S; Moritz, E; Nierhaus, A; Priefler, M; Robbe, L; Schwedhelm, E; Winkler, MS; Zahrte, C; Zoellner, C, 2017)	0.46
" The present data suggest that the oxidative stress and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide may contribute to attenuation of vasodilator responses to ACh and Ang II, and hyperreactivity to Ang II in the mesentery of preeclamptic rat, which may contribute to the increased peripheral vascular resistance and BP, as well as intrauterine growth restriction in L-NAME-induced PE."	( Differential responses of mesenteric arterial bed to vasoactive substances in L-NAME-induced preeclampsia: Role of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Amaral, TAS; Carvalho, LCRM; Costa, CA; Moura, RS; Ognibene, DT; Resende, AC; Rocha, APM, 2018)	0.48
" The reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability reported in AAN might contribute to renal function impairment and progression of the disease."	( Restored nitric oxide bioavailability reduces the severity of acute-to-chronic transition in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy. Botton, O; Caron, N; Colombaro, V; Declèves, AE; Habsch, I; Jadot, I; Martin, B; Nortier, J, 2017)	0.46
"Elevation of arginase activity has been linked to vascular dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension by a mechanism involving decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to L-arginine depletion."	( Obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffening requires endothelial cell arginase 1. Atawia, RT; Bagi, Z; Bhatta, A; Caldwell, RB; Caldwell, RW; Chen, J; Fouda, AY; Lucas, R; Toque, HA; Xu, Z; Yao, L, 2017)	0.46
" Amino acid substitution presents an effective and modest strategy to improve the anticancer activity and bioavailability of ACPs."	( Arginine modification of lycosin-I to improve inhibitory activity against cancer cells. Chen, B; Jian, C; Liang, S; Liu, B; Liu, Z; Ma, J; Yan, Y; Zeng, Y; Zhang, P; Zhu, B, 2017)	0.46
" NO bioavailability indicates the production and utilization of endothelial NO in organisms, its decrease is related to oxidative stress, lipid infiltration, the expressions of some inflammatory factors and the alteration of vascular tone, which plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction."	( Nitric oxide bioavailability dysfunction involves in atherosclerosis. Chang, J; Chen, JY; Hong, FF; Wang, XF; Yang, MW; Yang, SL; Ye, ZX; Zhong, HH, 2018)	0.48
" Increased levels of arginase I and concomitant decreases in L-arginine bioavailability are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction."	( Early obesity leads to increases in hepatic arginase I and related systemic changes in nitric oxide and L-arginine metabolism in mice. Eguchi, E; Fujikura, Y; Funakubo, N; Ito, T; Kubo, M; Nagaoka, K; Ogino, K; Setiawan, H; Takemoto, K, 2018)	0.48
"Co-amorphous drug delivery systems based on amino acids as co-formers have shown promising potential to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( On the role of salt formation and structural similarity of co-formers in co-amorphous drug delivery systems. Grohganz, H; Löbmann, K; Rades, T; Wu, W, 2018)	0.48
"Low bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD)."	( A pilot study of a non-invasive oral nitrate stable isotopic method suggests that arginine and citrulline supplementation increases whole-body NO production in Tanzanian children with sickle cell disease. Bluck, L; Cox, SE; Kamuhabwa, A; Makani, J; Marealle, AI; Minzi, O; Prentice, AM; Sasi, P; Siervo, M; Soka, D; Wassel, S, 2018)	0.48
", the global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR) and related serum amino acids, between MDD patients and non-depressed controls, and between remitted and non-remitted MDD patients."	( Global arginine bioavailability ratio is decreased in patients with major depressive disorder. Ali-Sisto, T; Honkalampi, K; Koivumaa-Honkanen, H; Lehto, SM; Mäntyselkä, P; Nandania, J; Ruusunen, A; Tolmunen, T; Valkonen-Korhonen, M; Velagapudi, V; Viinamäki, H, 2018)	0.48
"Arginine bioavailability may be decreased in MDD."	( Global arginine bioavailability ratio is decreased in patients with major depressive disorder. Ali-Sisto, T; Honkalampi, K; Koivumaa-Honkanen, H; Lehto, SM; Mäntyselkä, P; Nandania, J; Ruusunen, A; Tolmunen, T; Valkonen-Korhonen, M; Velagapudi, V; Viinamäki, H, 2018)	0.48
" These findings suggest that 1) cutaneous microvascular function in response to local heating is blunted in young AA when compared to age-matched young CA; 2) this attenuated response is partly related to decrease in NO bioavailability in young AA; and 3) a local infusion of l-arginine, but not arginase inhibition, improves cutaneous microvascular responses to local heating in young AA relative to CA."	( Attenuated cutaneous microvascular function in healthy young African Americans: Role of intradermal l-arginine supplementation. Hurr, C; Kim, K; Matthew Brothers, R; Patik, JC, 2018)	0.48
" These data define a role for dysregulation of NO biosynthetic pathways in the pathogenesis of MIP and support the evaluation of interventions to enhance l-arginine bioavailability as strategies to improve birth outcomes."	( Malaria in pregnancy alters l-arginine bioavailability and placental vascular development. Cahill, LS; Conroy, AL; Elphinstone, R; Gamble, JL; Gazdzinski, LM; Kain, KC; Kalilani-Phiri, L; Madanitsa, M; McDonald, CR; Mwapasa, V; Philson, AC; Sled, JG; Ter Kuile, FO; Zhong, KJY, 2018)	0.48
" Low arginine and nitric oxide bioavailability are implicated in morbidity related to sickle-cell disease."	( Ready-to-use food supplement, with or without arginine and citrulline, with daily chloroquine in Tanzanian children with sickle-cell disease: a double-blind, random order crossover trial. Cox, SE; Ellins, EA; Halcox, JP; Johnson, W; Kirkham, FJ; Luca Di Tanna, G; Makani, J; Marealle, AI; Newton, CR; Prentice, AM; Sasi, P; Soka, D, 2018)	0.48
" The secondary objective was to investigate the effect of linagliptin treatment on arginine bioavailability ratios [Global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR) and arginine to ornithine ratio (AOR)]."	( Effects of linagliptin on endothelial function and postprandial lipids in coronary artery disease patients with early diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Aberer, F; Aziz, F; Brachtl, G; Brodmann, M; Dimsity, G; Hafner, F; Hödl, R; Meinitzer, A; Riedl, R; Sourij, H; Stojakovic, T; Strunk, D; Tripolt, NJ; Url, J, 2018)	0.48
" No significant improvements were seen in the arginine bioavailability ratios (GABR; p = 0."	( Effects of linagliptin on endothelial function and postprandial lipids in coronary artery disease patients with early diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Aberer, F; Aziz, F; Brachtl, G; Brodmann, M; Dimsity, G; Hafner, F; Hödl, R; Meinitzer, A; Riedl, R; Sourij, H; Stojakovic, T; Strunk, D; Tripolt, NJ; Url, J, 2018)	0.48
"Linagliptin treatment in subjects with CAD and early T2DM did not improve endothelial function or the arginine bioavailability ratios."	( Effects of linagliptin on endothelial function and postprandial lipids in coronary artery disease patients with early diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Aberer, F; Aziz, F; Brachtl, G; Brodmann, M; Dimsity, G; Hafner, F; Hödl, R; Meinitzer, A; Riedl, R; Sourij, H; Stojakovic, T; Strunk, D; Tripolt, NJ; Url, J, 2018)	0.48
"Global L-arginine bioavailability was diminished, whereas plasma arginase activity, ADMA, and SDMA levels were elevated, in patients with RA compared with healthy control subjects."	( Elevated levels of plasma symmetric dimethylarginine and increased arginase activity as potential indicators of cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Chandrasekharan, UM; Elaine Husni, M; Hazen, SL; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wilson Tang, WH; Wu, Y, 2018)	0.48
"The aim of this study was to improve the oral bioavailability of a practically insoluble drug, efonidipine hydrochloride (EFH), by agglomeration in acid solution/gastric fluid."	( Increased bioavailability of efonidipine hydrochloride nanosuspensions by the wet-milling method. Cheng, G; Huang, S; Li, H; Piao, H; Sun, Y; Zhang, Q; Zou, M, 2018)	0.48
" We conclude that arginine bioavailability is important in T2D pathophysiology."	( Changes in arginine are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes: A case-cohort study in the PREDIMED trial. Arós, F; Bullo, M; Clish, C; Cofán, M; Corella, D; Dennis, C; Estruch, R; Fitó, M; Guasch-Ferré, M; Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M; Hu, FB; Lapetra, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Papandreou, C; Razquin, C; Romaguera, D; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Serra-Majem, L; Sorlí, JV; Toledo, E; Wang, DD; Yu, E, 2019)	0.51
" This suggests that vasoprotection mediated by EGG and WHITE likely occurs in an NO∙-dependent manner by improving arginine metabolism and attenuating oxidative stress that otherwise limit NO∙ biosynthesis and bioavailability to the vascular endothelium."	( Co-ingestion of whole eggs or egg whites with glucose protects against postprandial hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and dysregulated arginine metabolism in association with improved vascular endothelial function in prediabetic men. Bruno, RS; Chitchumroonchokchai, C; Li, J; Mah, E; McDonald, JD; Reverri, EJ; Villamena, FA; Volek, JS, 2018)	0.48
" Therefore, our findings suggest reduced NO bioavailability in non-survivors of sepsis."	( Symmetrical (SDMA) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in sepsis: high plasma levels as combined risk markers for sepsis survival. Böger, RH; Harlandt, O; Kluge, S; Lezius, S; Nierhaus, A; Rösler, G; Schwedhelm, E; Winkler, MS, 2018)	0.48
" Moreover, a comprehensive measurement of arginine bioavailability, global arginine bioavailability ratio, was shown to be a good prognostic marker for fatal prediction in early infection."	( Arginine deficiency is involved in thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Cao, WC; Chen, WW; Cui, N; Du, J; Hu, Z; Li, H; Li, XK; Liu, R; Liu, W; Lu, QB; Xing, B; Xu, W; Xu, Z; Yang, ZD; Yao, K; Yuan, C; Zhai, D; Zhang, PH; Zhang, SF; Zhang, XA, 2018)	0.48
" Hence they affect production and bioavailability of eNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) and consequently healthy blood vessels."	( AGXT2 and DDAH-1 genetic variants are highly correlated with serum ADMA and SDMA levels and with incidence of coronary artery disease in Egyptians. Abdel Rahman, MF; Amir, M; Gad, MZ; Hassanein, SI, 2018)	0.48
" Bioavailability of L-arginine is an important factor regulating the functions of the immune cells in mammals."	( Role of arginine deiminase in thymic atrophy during experimental Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Burova, LA; Freidlin, IS; Golovin, AS; Karaseva, AB; Kudryavtsev, IV; Serebriakova, MK; Sokolov, AV; Starikova, EA; Suvorov, AN; Vasilyev, KA; Vasilyev, VB; Voynova, IV, 2019)	0.51
"Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, which precedes clinical signs of atherosclerosis."	( Arginase Inhibition Improves Endothelial Function in an Age-Dependent Manner in Healthy Elderly Humans. Kövamees, O; Mahdi, A; Pernow, J, 2019)	0.51
" For preventing drug resistance and side-effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs, new methods for improving the bioavailability of APIs were investigated."	( Properties of Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Solvents of l-Arginine and Ethambutol for Tuberculosis Treatment. C Duarte, AR; P S Leitão, MI; Santos, F, 2018)	0.48
" On average, the global arginine bioavailability ratio was by about 40% lower in the MMF group compared to the EVR group (P = 0."	( Development and validation of GC-MS methods for the comprehensive analysis of amino acids in plasma and urine and applications to the HELLP syndrome and pediatric kidney transplantation: evidence of altered methylation, transamidination, and arginase acti Bollenbach, A; Das, AM; Haffner, D; Hanff, E; Kayacelebi, AA; Kreuzer, M; Ruben, S; Tsikas, D; Ückert, S; von Kaisenberg, C; von Versen-Höynck, F, 2019)	0.51
"To investigate bioavailability enhancement of zinc on model oral surfaces and in oral biofilms in vitro through strategic formulation with two sources of zinc and L-arginine."	( Enhanced In Vitro Zinc Bioavailability through Rational Design of a Dual Zinc plus Arginine Dentifrice. Begum-Gafur, R; Daep, CA; Huang, XY; Makwana, E; Maloney, V; Manus, LM; Masters, JG; Trivedi, HM; Won, B; Wu, D; Yang, Y, 2018)	0.48
"To modulate the bioavailability of active zinc ions in a zinc citrate dentifrice, an additive research strategy was pursued."	( Enhanced In Vitro Zinc Bioavailability through Rational Design of a Dual Zinc plus Arginine Dentifrice. Begum-Gafur, R; Daep, CA; Huang, XY; Makwana, E; Maloney, V; Manus, LM; Masters, JG; Trivedi, HM; Won, B; Wu, D; Yang, Y, 2018)	0.48
"The combination of zinc citrate, zinc oxide, and the amino acid L-arginine in a dentifrice formula enhances the bioavailability of zinc to model oral tissue surfaces, resulting in unique physicochemical effects."	( Enhanced In Vitro Zinc Bioavailability through Rational Design of a Dual Zinc plus Arginine Dentifrice. Begum-Gafur, R; Daep, CA; Huang, XY; Makwana, E; Maloney, V; Manus, LM; Masters, JG; Trivedi, HM; Won, B; Wu, D; Yang, Y, 2018)	0.48
"Clinical and model studies indicate that low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due in part to profound hypoargininemia contributes to cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis."	( Citrulline protects mice from experimental cerebral malaria by ameliorating hypoargininemia, urea cycle changes and vascular leak. Caparros-Wanderley, W; Chang, YS; Combes, V; Gramaglia, I; Grau, G; Stins, MF; van der Heyde, HC; Velez, J, 2019)	0.51
" The bioavailability of poorly water-soluble 2-benzimidazolylquinoxalines was improved by PEGylated liposomes as antitumor drug delivery carriers."	( Multi-targeted approach by 2-benzimidazolylquinoxalines-loaded cationic arginine liposomes against сervical cancer cells in vitro. Burilova, EA; Lukashenko, SS; Mamedov, VA; Mirgorodskaya, AB; Pashirova, TN; Sapunova, AS; Sinyashin, OG; Valeeva, FG; Voloshina, AD; Zakharova, LY; Zhukova, NA, 2019)	0.51
" The occurrence of the MR during the digestion process may reduce the bioavailability of essential amino acids and increase the production of MRPs causing health disorders."	( In vitro formation of Maillard reaction products during simulated digestion of meal-resembling systems. Cai, W; Del Castillo, MD; Fernandez-Gomez, B; Martinez-Saez, N; Uribarri, J, 2019)	0.51
" Testosterone replacement therapy might be useful for treating endothelial dysfunction, considering that some reports have shown that this therapy improved NO bioavailability and EPC function."	( Testosterone Deficiency and Endothelial Dysfunction: Nitric Oxide, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, and Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Hotta, Y; Kataoka, T; Kimura, K, 2019)	0.51
" We review the evidence for the relations between altered L-arginine bioavailability and pregnancy outcomes, and strategies for arginine supplementation in pregnancy."	( Perspective: L-arginine and L-citrulline Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Potential Strategy to Improve Birth Outcomes in Low-Resource Settings. Baxter, JB; Conroy, AL; Fawzi, WW; Kain, KC; McDonald, CR; Weckman, AM, 2019)	0.51
"Impaired bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial dysfunction may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary stenting."	( Association between asymmetric dimethylarginine and in-stent restenosis tissue characteristics assessed by optical coherence tomography. Chen, HY; Chen, YY; Hau, WK; Hsueh, CH; Huang, WC; Lu, TM; Teng, HI; Tsai, CT; Wu, CJ, 2019)	0.51
" Wound character seems to affect NO bioavailability and wound etiology-arginine bioavailability."	( Metabolites of the Nitric Oxide (NO) Pathway Are Altered and Indicative of Reduced NO and Arginine Bioavailability in Patients with Cardiometabolic Diseases Complicated with Chronic Wounds of Lower Extremities: Targeted Metabolomics Approach (LC-MS/MS). Bednarz-Misa, I; Bronowicka-Szydełko, A; Fleszar, MG; Gacka, M; Gamian, A; Kędzior, K; Krzystek-Korpacka, M; Masłowski, L; Wiśniewski, J; Witkiewicz, W, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" This pre-treatment resulted in full protection of contractility, decreased production of iNOS and ADMA and normalized the bioavailability of NO in the I/R hearts."	( A drug cocktail for protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Bil-Lula, I; Krzywonos-Zawadzka, A; Sawicki, G; Wozniak, M, 2020)	0.56
" Likewise, epidemiological evidence suggests that alterations to arginine bioavailability are important regarding the cardiometabolic risk."	( Arginine supplementation and cardiometabolic risk. Mariotti, F, 2020)	0.56
" Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is frequently documented in chronic kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and advanced age, all of which are risk factors for resistant hypertension."	( Impaired l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension. Giam, B; Head, GA; Kaye, DM; Kuruppu, S; Rajapakse, NW, 2019)	0.51
" We hypothesized that low nitric oxide bioavailability due to the presence of cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) increases vascular tone in severe malaria."	( Cell-Free Hemoglobin Is Associated With Increased Vascular Resistance and Reduced Peripheral Perfusion in Severe Malaria. Anstey, NM; Day, NPJ; Dondorp, AM; Ghose, A; Herdman, MT; Hossain, MA; Intharabut, B; Ishioka, H; Kingston, HWF; Leopold, SJ; Maude, RJ; McNeil, Y; Mohanty, S; Piera, K; Plewes, K; Rungpradubvong, V; Satitthummanid, S; Sinha, I; White, NJ; Yeo, TW, 2020)	0.56
"5-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of liraglutide revealing great potential for the oral delivery of peptide drugs."	( Coating of PLA-nanoparticles with cyclic, arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides enables oral delivery of liraglutide. Cullis, PR; Fidelj, V; Fricker, G; Grundmann, C; Kleist, C; Kulkarni, JA; Leotta, K; Mier, W; Özbek, S; Roth, R; Sauter, M; Storck, P; Tursch, A; Uhl, P; Witzigmann, D, 2020)	0.56
"The mechanisms influencing the balance of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in tissues are negatively affected under diabetic and also under ischemic conditions."	( Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine Optimizes Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Ischemic Tissues Under Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Roth, C, 2020)	0.56
"Supporting the mechanisms of NO bioavailability via exogenous application of iNOS and L-arginine significantly attenuated I/R-induced alterations in a skin flap rat model."	( Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine Optimizes Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Ischemic Tissues Under Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Roth, C, 2020)	0.56
" Enhancing NO bioavailability via exogenous NO synthases (NOSs) and L-arginine promotes conversation to NO, circumventing the problem of nonfunctioning NOSs under hypoxic and acidic conditions."	( Pharmaceutical Preconditioning With Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine in Ischemic Tissues. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA, 2020)	0.56
"Modulation of NO bioavailability via exogenous application of NOSs and L-arginine significantly improved VRs in a skin flap rat model."	( Pharmaceutical Preconditioning With Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine in Ischemic Tissues. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA, 2020)	0.56
" While immune-enhancing diets (IEDs) have been recommended for the nutritional management of surgical patients, the systemic bioavailability of their AA supply has not been evaluated in elderly surgical patients."	( Effect of aging on the availability of amino acids from an immune-enhancing diet (IED) after a surgical stress in rats. Choisy, C; Cynober, L; De Bandt, JP; Le Plenier, S; Nakib, S; Neveux, N; Raynaud-Simon, A; Sarfati, G; Tennoune, N; Ventura, G, 2020)	0.56
" During enteral nutrition, blood samples were repeatedly collected to measure plasma AA bioavailability (incremental areas under the curve) at 2, 5 and 24 h."	( Effect of aging on the availability of amino acids from an immune-enhancing diet (IED) after a surgical stress in rats. Choisy, C; Cynober, L; De Bandt, JP; Le Plenier, S; Nakib, S; Neveux, N; Raynaud-Simon, A; Sarfati, G; Tennoune, N; Ventura, G, 2020)	0.56
"AA bioavailability from an arginine-enriched IED seems to be maintained whatever age and stress situation."	( Effect of aging on the availability of amino acids from an immune-enhancing diet (IED) after a surgical stress in rats. Choisy, C; Cynober, L; De Bandt, JP; Le Plenier, S; Nakib, S; Neveux, N; Raynaud-Simon, A; Sarfati, G; Tennoune, N; Ventura, G, 2020)	0.56
"Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress, is a hallmark characteristic in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN)."	( Enhancing kidney DDAH-1 expression by adenovirus delivery reduces ADMA and ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. Awad, AS; Cooper, TK; Gao, T; Morris, SM; Stanley, K; Wetzel, MD, 2020)	0.56
"Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis."	( l-Arginine prevents inflammatory and pro-calcific differentiation of interstitial aortic valve cells. Agostini, C; Arrigoni, G; Bertacco, E; Cinetto, F; Donato, M; Faggin, E; Ferri, N; Franchin, C; Millioni, R; Mortarino, C; Nardin, C; Pauletto, P; Rattazzi, M; Scarpa, R, 2020)	0.56
" This work offers a novel approach for producing core-shell and pH-responsive nanocarriers for oral delivery and bioavailability enhancement of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds."	( l-Arginine/l-lysine functionalized chitosan-casein core-shell and pH-responsive nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization and bioavailability enhancement of hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds. Chen, Y; Du, Z; Li, X; Liu, B; Liu, J; Wu, X; Xiao, H; Zhang, H; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2020)	0.56
" The aim of this study was to enhance nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability through exogenous NO synthase and the substrate L-arginine to attenuate ischemia reperfusion-induced alterations in a type 2 diabetes rodent model."	( Modulation of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Type II Diabetes. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Urbach, O, 2021)	0.62
"Modulation of NO bioavailability through the exogenous application of NOSs and L-arginine significantly attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced alterations in a type 2 diabetic skin flap rat model."	( Modulation of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Type II Diabetes. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Urbach, O, 2021)	0.62
" P6C forms a complex with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a key vitamer of pyridoxine, thereby reducing PLP bioavailability and subsequently causing epilepsy."	( Inherited Disorders of Lysine Metabolism: A Review. Bouchereau, J; Schiff, M, 2020)	0.56
"Low arginine bioavailability is associated with vaso-occlusive painful crisis (VOC) severity in sickle cell anemia (SCA) and predicts need for pediatric hospitalization."	( Randomized control trial of oral arginine therapy for children with sickle cell anemia hospitalized for pain in Nigeria. Ayodele-Kehinde, AU; Cilliers, A; Cooper, P; Damilare, OM; Figueroa, J; Morris, CR; Oluseyi, OO; Onalo, R; Onalo, VD; Uche, NA; Vorster, BC; Zubairu, Y, 2021)	0.62
"HCl significantly improved the fluoride bioavailability in CFDs (p<0."	( Enhanced Fluoride Bioavailability with Incorporation of Arginine in Child Dentifrices. Bijle, MN; Carey, CM; Ekambaram, M; Lo, ECM; Tsoi, J; Yiu, CKY, 2020)	0.56
" Incorporating arginine (L-arginine or L-arginine monohydrochloride) at 2% w/w improves fluoride bioavailability of the child formula dentifrices."	( Enhanced Fluoride Bioavailability with Incorporation of Arginine in Child Dentifrices. Bijle, MN; Carey, CM; Ekambaram, M; Lo, ECM; Tsoi, J; Yiu, CKY, 2020)	0.56
" However, clinical application of AMPs is associated with poor bioavailability and toxicity."	( Biomimetic amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Ahmad, N; Azmi, F; Wai, LK; Wee, CE; Zin, NM, 2021)	0.62
" The increase in blood pressure is associated with a decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Different profiles of circulating arginase 2 in subtypes of preeclampsia pregnant women. Bertozzi-Matheus, M; Bueno-Pereira, TO; Carlström, M; Cavalli, RC; Sandrim, VC; Viana-Mattioli, S, 2021)	0.62
"Nitric oxide plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure, and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to the development of hypertension (HT)."	( Homoarginine and blood pressure: a 10-year prospective relationship in normotensives. Böger, R; Botha-Le Roux, S; Fourie, CMT; Mels, CMC; Mokhaneli, MC; Schwedhelm, E, 2022)	0.72
" Elevated total methylated arginine load and decreased global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR) indicate that NO metabolism is impaired in patients with AS."	( Determination of serum methylarginine levels by tandem mass spectrometric method in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Abusoglu, G; Abusoglu, S; Gezer, İA; Isik, K; Onmaz, DE; Sivrikaya, A; Unlu, A; Yerlikaya, FH, 2021)	0.62
"ATCL prepared in the study can effectively improve the enzyme activity and bioavailability of ADI in Sprague-Dawley rats."	( [Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Study of Arginine Deiminase Lipid Nanoparticles]. Feng, J; Liu, YY; Yang, Q; Zhang, JQ; Zhong, CL, 2021)	0.62
"Aging causes oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide."	( Whole-Body Cryotherapy Increases the Activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Older Men. Gradek, J; Kusmierczyk, J; Szygula, Z; Szymura, J; Wiecek, M, 2021)	0.62
" However, poor polyphenol bioavailability and extensive metabolization restrict their applicability."	( Increasing the Power of Polyphenols through Nanoencapsulation for Adjuvant Therapy against Cardiovascular Diseases. Baião, DDS; da Silva, DVT; Paschoalin, VMF; Trindade, LR, 2021)	0.62
" Impaired bioavailability of the nitric oxide precursor molecule L-arginine and higher concentrations of methylarginines (endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis) are known to impair nitric oxide synthesis in numerous gastrointestinal cell types."	( Serum L-arginine and endogenous methylarginine concentrations predict irritable bowel syndrome in adults: A nested case-control study. Attia, JR; Hancock, SJ; Holliday, E; Mangoni, AA; McEvoy, MA; Oldmeadow, C; Peel, R; Smith, WT; Talley, NJ; Walker, MM, 2021)	0.62
"Decreased NO bioavailability is associated with RM."	( Decreased nitric oxide content mediated by asymmetrical dimethylarginine and protein l-arginine methyltransferase 3 in macrophages induces trophoblast apoptosis: a potential cause of recurrent miscarriage. Hao, F; Jin, LP; Li, WX; Sun, JX; Tang, LC; Xu, XH; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.62
" In combination with evidence for decreased NO turnover in O-ZSF1 rats, we assume lower arginine bioavailability to endothelial NO synthase."	( Arginine metabolism and nitric oxide turnover in the ZSF1 animal model for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Adams, V; Bahls, M; Baskal, S; Besler, C; Büttner, P; Knauth, S; Lurz, P; Schwedhelm, E; Thiele, H; Tsikas, D; Werner, S, 2021)	0.62
" The glucose-lowering and β-cell-protective effects of BIBO3304, a selective orally bioavailable Y1 receptor antagonist, in high-fat diet (HFD)/multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and genetically obese (db/db) T2D mouse models were assessed."	( Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonism protects β-cells and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Ann-Onda, D; Eizirik, DL; Fynch, S; Galic, S; Herzog, H; Laybutt, DR; Levinger, I; Lin, X; Liu, X; Loh, K; Loudovaris, T; Moreno-Asso, A; Nadarajah, S; Oakhill, JS; Pappas, EG; Scott, JW; Shi, Y; Smith, C; Thomas, HE; Yang, CH, 2022)	0.72
" Emerging areas include brain and gut health indicated by NO bioavailability in all tissues, and evidence suggesting improvements in gut barrier function and altered microbial composition after watermelon intake that may influence metabolite pools and physiological function."	( Watermelon and L-Citrulline in Cardio-Metabolic Health: Review of the Evidence 2000-2020. Burton-Freeman, B; Edirisinghe, I; Freeman, M; Sandhu, A; Zhang, X, 2021)	0.62
"Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability may induce physiological effects that enhance endurance exercise performance."	( Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Blake, HT; Buckley, JD; Coates, AM; d'Unienville, NMA; Hill, AM; Nelson, MJ, 2021)	0.62
" However, the therapeutic outcomes of PS are limited by potential side effects associated with the systemic exposure and the modest bioavailability afforded by its oral administration."	( Oral Delivery of Pterostilbene by L-Arginine-Mediated "Nano-Bomb" Carrier for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Cao, Y; Li, R; Ma, Y; Wei, W; Yan, X; Yang, M; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" We aimed to elucidate whether enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability in SCD mice improves outcomes in a model of vascular insufficiency."	( Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability fails to improve collateral vessel formation in humanized sickle cell mice. Archer, DR; Brown, LA; Hansen, L; Hurtado, J; Joseph, G; Jun, HW; Lewis, CV; Sellak, H; Taylor, WR, 2022)	0.72
"A decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been shown to cause hyperglycemia, type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic cardio-metabolic complications."	( Antihyperglycemic activity of L-norvaline and L-arginine in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-treated male rats. Avtandilyan, N; Grigoryan, A; Javrushyan, H; Maloyan, A; Nadiryan, E, 2022)	0.72
" Lung and liver tissues from EC Arg1 KO mice showed respectively increase or decrease in nitrosyl-heme species, indicating that the lack of endothelial Arg1 affects NO bioavailability in these organs."	( Downregulation of eNOS and preserved endothelial function in endothelial-specific arginase 1-deficient mice. Carlström, M; Cortese-Krott, MM; Grandoch, M; Guimaraes Braga, DD; Heuser, SK; Kelm, M; Leo, F; Li, J; LoBue, A; Lundberg, JO; Montero, L; Olsson, A; Pernow, J; Schmitt, JP; Schmitz, OJ; Schneckmann, R; Srivrastava, T; Suvorava, T; Weitzberg, E; Zhuge, Z, 2022)	0.72
" However, due to their poor stability and permeability in the gastrointestinal tract, the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs is negligible."	( Barriers to the Intestinal Absorption of Four Insulin-Loaded Arginine-Rich Nanoparticles in Human and Rat. Alonso, MJ; Andersson, E; Artursson, P; Beloqui, A; Brayden, DJ; Csaba, N; Hellström, PM; Keita, ÅV; Khodus, G; Lundquist, P; Mabondzo, A; McCartney, F; Niu, Z; Preat, V; Robla, S; Sima, E; Simoff, I; Sundbom, M; Thwala, LN; Webb, DL, 2022)	0.72
"Aging and menopause are associated with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability due to reduced L-arginine (L-ARG) levels contributing to endothelial dysfunction (ED)."	( Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women. Dillon, KN; Figueroa, A; Fischer, SM; Kang, Y; Maharaj, A; Martinez, MA, 2022)	0.72
" By limiting L-arginine bioavailability to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III), nitric oxide production is potentially impaired."	( Pathophysiological correlation of arginase-1 in development of type 2 diabetes from obesity in adolescents. Franz, M; Javanmard, SH; Jung, C; Kelishadi, R; Mazrouei, S; Petry, SF; Schulze, PC; Sharifpanah, F, 2023)	0.91
" Improving the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) might be an efficacious treatment for BPD-PH."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-Citrulline in Neonates at Risk of Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Aschner, JL; Avachat, C; Birnbaum, AK; Fike, CD; Sherwin, CM, 2023)	0.91
" This finding was concurrent with significantly increased serum bioavailability of nitric oxide in the hypertensive rats treated with L-arginine and lisinopril."	( L-arginine and lisinopril supplementation protects against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity and hypertension by suppressing mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme 3 activity. Adedapo, AA; Adedapo, AD; Adejumobi, OA; Adetona, MO; Ajibade, TO; Aro, AO; Awodele, OA; Kayoka-Kabongo, PN; McGaw, LJ; Nkadimeng, SM; Oguntibeju, OO; Ola-Davies, OE; Omobowale, TO; Oyagbemi, AA; Saba, AB; Tijani, MO; Yakubu, MA, 2023)	0.91
"Endothelial dysfunction resulting from decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is an important mechanism that increases cardiovascular risk in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)."	( Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CPAP Treatment on the Bioavailability of Erythrocyte and Plasma Nitric Oxide. Doroszko, A; Fortuna, P; Gawryś, J; Martynowicz, H; Mochol, J; Rola, P; Szahidewicz-Krupska, E; Wiśniewski, J, 2022)	0.72
" A physical examination was followed by blood collection for the assessment of biochemical cardiovascular risk factors and the nitric oxide bioavailability parameters both in plasma and erythrocytes."	( Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CPAP Treatment on the Bioavailability of Erythrocyte and Plasma Nitric Oxide. Doroszko, A; Fortuna, P; Gawryś, J; Martynowicz, H; Mochol, J; Rola, P; Szahidewicz-Krupska, E; Wiśniewski, J, 2022)	0.72
"The erythrocyte pool of the NO metabolic pathway intermediates does not depend on OSA and its treatment, whereas the erythrocytes could constitute a high-volume buffer in their storage Hence, the results from this prospective study are a step forward in understanding the role of the erythrocyte compartment and the intra-erythrocyte pathways regulating NO bioavailability and paracrine endothelial function in the hypoxia-reoxygenation setting, such as obstructive sleep apnea."	( Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CPAP Treatment on the Bioavailability of Erythrocyte and Plasma Nitric Oxide. Doroszko, A; Fortuna, P; Gawryś, J; Martynowicz, H; Mochol, J; Rola, P; Szahidewicz-Krupska, E; Wiśniewski, J, 2022)	0.72
" Increased plasma ADMA has been widely recognized as a "trigger" initiating impaired NO bioavailability and vascular dysfunction, which ultimately leads to oxidative stress."	( Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine gingival crevicular fluid levels in periodontitis. Güney, Z; Günhan, M; Kurgan, S; Mammadov, C; Önder, C; Serdar, MA, 2023)	0.91
" Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is involved in the pathophysiology of T2D and its complications."	( Metabolic effects of L-citrulline in type 2 diabetes. Bagheripour, F; Ghasemi, A; Jeddi, S; Kashfi, K, 2023)	0.91
" Additional evidence for the important role of arginine bioavailability in the EC biology was obtained."	( Streptococcal arginine deiminase regulates endothelial inflammation, mTOR pathway and autophagy. Burova, LA; Gorbunov, NP; Grudinina, NA; Karaseva, AB; Kiseleva, EP; Malashicheva, AB; Mammedova, JT; Semenova, DS; Sokolov, AV; Starikova, EA, 2023)	0.91
"The long-term prognostic value of the bioavailability of L-arginine, an important source of nitric oxide for the maintenance of vascular endothelial function, has not been investigated fully."	( A Low Arginine/Ornithine Ratio is Associated with Long-Term Cardiovascular Mortality. Adachi, T; Hitomi, Y; Ido, Y; Ikegami, Y; Ishinoda, Y; Iwashita, M; Kagami, K; Kawai, A; Masaki, N; Miyazaki, K; Nagatomo, Y; Namba, T; Takase, B; Taruoka, A; Toya, T; Yasuda, R; Yumita, Y, 2023)	0.91
" l-arginine-derived markers of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (i."	( Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on l-Arginine Metabolism in Adults with Long COVID: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Calvani, R; Ciciarello, F; Coelho-Júnior, HJ; Di Mario, C; Galluzzo, V; Gervasoni, J; Gremese, E; Landi, F; Lomuscio, S; Marini, F; Marzetti, E; Paglionico, AM; Picca, A; Santucci, L; Tolusso, B; Tosato, M; Urbani, A, 2023)	0.91
" Global Arginine Bioavailability Ratio was decreased in arterial blood by 19."	( Arginine concentration in arterial vs venous blood in a bleomycin-induced lung inflammation model in mice. Arens, D; Buchholz, T; Cvetkovic, O; Nehrbass, D; Richards, RG; Stoddart, MJ; Tepic, S; Zeiter, S, 2023)	0.91
" This antipsychotic drug has an inadequate therapeutic impact because of its minimal and idiosyncratic oral bioavailability to treat schizophrenia."	( Enhanced Solubility and Stability of Aripiprazole in Binary and Ternary Inclusion Complexes Using Hydroxy Propyl Beta Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and L-Arginine. Afridi, M; Ahsan, H; Awais, S; El-Serehy, HA; Farooq, N; Ishtiaq, F; Muhammad, SA; Nadeem, T; Sultana, K; Ullah, A, 2023)	0.91
"Arginine (Arg) is a semiessential amino acid whose bioavailability is required for the in vitro replication of several oncolytic viruses."	( Defects in intratumoral arginine metabolism attenuate the replication and therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic myxoma virus. Bartee, E; Bartee, MY; Curtsinger, HD; Dryja, P, 2023)	0.91
"Adult patients with ADHD, who are not treated with MPH (-MPH), showed varied Arg/NO pathway, but Arg bioavailability seemed to be consistent over the groups."	( l-Arginine/nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in adults with ADHD: Effects of methylphenidate treatment. Beckmann, B; Böhme, P; Emons, B; Hanusch, B; Juckel, G; Lücke, T; Sinningen, K; Tsikas, D, 2023)	0.91
" Arginine bioavailability contributes to endothelial and myocardial dysfunction in CKD."	( Arginine Dysregulation and Myocardial Dysfunction in a Mouse Model and Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. Brown, LAS; George, RP; Harris, F; Jo, H; Kelleman, M; Morris, CR; Reyes, LZ; Winterberg, PD, 2023)	0.91
" At the same time, there are increases in antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase type 1 receptor (sFIt1) and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which are mechanism derivates in the reduction of NO bioavailability and oxidative stress in placenta."	( Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and L-Arginine/L-Citrulline Supplementation as a Potential Strategy to Improve Birth Outcomes. Alcudia, A; González-Ortiz, M; Mosso, C; Ortiz-Cerda, T; Vázquez-Román, V, 2023)	0.91
"Guanidino compounds such as dimethylarginines (SDMA, ADMA) and L-homoarginine ((L-)hArg) can interfere with bioavailability and function of the main NO-donor L-arginine (L-Arg)."	( Developmental dynamics of homoarginine, ADMA and SDMA plasma levels from birth to adolescence. Baach, F; Böger, R; Choe, CU; Lezius, S; Meyer, B; Neu, A; Oh, J; Schwedhelm, E, 2023)	0.91
" This test can be used to assess individual NO bioavailability and potentially identify indications for modifying therapy with NO donors such as L-arginine."	( [Nitric oxide availability in cerebral microangiopathy]. Akhmetshina, YI; Burmak, AG; Byrochkina, AA; Dobrynina, LA; Gnedovskaya, EV; Kremneva, EI; Krotenkova, MV; Shabalina, AA; Shamtieva, KV; Zabitova, MR, 2023)	0.91
" Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO."	( Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span. Pappolla, MA; Poeggeler, B; Sambamurti, K; Singh, SK, 2023)	0.91
" We assessed the relationship of sCD14 and LBP concentrations with markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, and L-arginine bioavailability and compared them between participants with and without malaria, and with and without preterm birth."	( Intestinal barrier disruption with Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth: a cohort study. Coburn, BA; Conroy, AL; Elphinstone, RE; Kain, KC; Madanitsa, M; McDonald, CR; Ngai, M; Stefanova, V; Taylor, SM; Ter Kuile, FO; Weckman, AM; Wright, JK; Zhong, K, 2023)	0.91
" sCD14 was negatively associated with L-arginine bioavailability (p <0."	( Intestinal barrier disruption with Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth: a cohort study. Coburn, BA; Conroy, AL; Elphinstone, RE; Kain, KC; Madanitsa, M; McDonald, CR; Ngai, M; Stefanova, V; Taylor, SM; Ter Kuile, FO; Weckman, AM; Wright, JK; Zhong, K, 2023)	0.91
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide is about 50% at doses of 200 mg or less and decreases as drug doses increase."	( Clinical pharmacology and schedule dependency of the podophyllotoxin derivatives. Clark, PI, 1992)	0.28
"The absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of orally administered teniposide were investigated in 25 patients."	( Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral teniposide. Holthuis, JJ; Kok, TC; Post, MH; Splinter, TA, 1992)	0.28
" The bioavailability of oral etoposide is about 50% but its absorption is not linear with increasing dose within the range in clinical use."	( The clinical pharmacology of etoposide and teniposide. Clark, PI; Slevin, ML, 1987)	0.27
"Previous studies in vitro on the influence of extracellular protein binding of Teniposide (VM26) and Etoposide (VP16-213) on subsequent cellular uptake by experimental murine tumor cells [Cancer Res 38:2549 (1978); Drug Metab Rev 8:119 (1978)] suggested that a timed-sequential combination of VM26 and VP16-213 may increase the bioavailability of VP16-213."	( Combination chemotherapy of the epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, teniposide and etoposide. A pharmacodynamic rationale? Allen, LM; Nordqvist, S; Okonmah, AD; Tejada, F, 1982)	0.26
" About 40% of drugs are not soluble in water in practice and therefore are slowly absorbed, which results in insufficient and uneven bioavailability and GI toxicity."	( Production of rubusoside from stevioside by using a thermostable lactase from Thermus thermophilus and solubility enhancement of liquiritin and teniposide. Jung, SJ; Kang, HK; Kim, D; Kim, M; Kim, YM; Moon, YH; Nguyen, TT, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Of the three major groups of non-mineral components examined, amino acid solution played a major role; when individual amino acids were examined using the double antibody technique, arginine was found to interfere predominantly; its dose-response curve was parallel to that of rat AFP, which confirmed that an immunological identity between two substances cannot be established on the basis of parallelism as the only criterion."	( Non-specific interference of certain components of tissue culture media with the radioimmunoassay of rat alpha-foetoprotein. Dambuyant, C; Sizaret, P, 1975)	0.25
" Following low dosage cyproterone acetate (CA) therapy (mean daily dosage 65 mg/m2BSA) a beneficial effect on growth and skeletal maturation was observed."	( Effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on growth and endocrine function in precocious puberty. Ilicki, A; Stahnke, N; Willig, RP, 1979)	0.26
"Three colostomised Laying hybrids received over four days a dosage of 672 mg 15N-excess (15N'), 20."	( [The metabolism of colostomised laying hens with 15N-labelled wheat. 4. 15N-Incorporation in the corpuscular components of blood, in the blood plasma and the basic amino acids]. Glotz, D; Gruhn, K, 1979)	0.26
"Evidence is presented that the increase in specific activity of N-acetylglutamate synthase observed upon heat induction of Escherichia coli (lambdadargA) is primarily due to a gene dosage effect."	( Expression of the argA gene carried by a defective lambda bacteriophage of Escherichia coli. Haas, D; Kelker, N; Leisinger, T, 1976)	0.26
" Hypophenylalaninemia was unexplained, and failed to respond to increased phenylpyruvate dosage or phenylalanine itself; renal clearance of phenylalanine was high but could not account for the low plasma level."	( Long-term management of a case of carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency using ketanalogues and hydroxyanalogues of essential amino acids. Batshaw, ML; Brusilow, S; Walser, M, 1976)	0.26
" Activity determined from the midpoints of dose-response curves (A50), however, is several orders of magnitude less."	( Steroidogenic activity of fragments of adrenocorticotropin with arginine in residue positions 3 and 5. Draper, MW; Jean-Baptiste, E; Rizack, MA, 1977)	0.26
" The dose-response relationships and kinetics of histamine and BK-A release from antigen-challenged peripheral leukocytes are similar."	( Anaphylactic relase of a basophil kallikrein-like activity. II. A mediator of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Lichtenstein, LM; Newball, HH; Talamo, RC, 1979)	0.26
"According to the present studies it is shown that arginine ketoglutarate in sufficiently high dosage (3x3 g daily by mouth) produces a significant lowering of plasma ammonia and free serum phenols with a high-protein diet in patients with liver cirrhosis, compared to a previous day without this substance."	( [Effect of arginine ketoglutarate on the detoxifying capacity of the liver in cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)]. Horback, L; Müting, D, 1977)	0.26
" Since the volume of saline and the dosage of Arg were equivalent to those used in the standard intravenous Arg test, results suggest that effects of infusion volume upon GH secretion and upon GH responses to Arg warrant examination in the human."	( Stimulation of rhesus monkey GH release: arginine vs plasma volume expansion. Brown, GM; Chambers, JW, 1976)	0.26
" Dose-response curver were different for L(+) and D(+)arginine, and the suppressor effect of glucose on the response to L(+) arginine was not detected in the presence of D(+) arginine or homoarginine."	( Glucagon secretion induced by natural and artificial amino acids in the perfused rat pancreas. Assan, R; Attali, JR; Ballerio, G; Boillot, J; Girard, JR, 1977)	0.26
" This polyvalent proteinase inhibitor should therefore be administered in much higher dosage than that used hitherto in acute pancreatitis."	( Estimation of plasma esterolytic activity and its in vitro inhibition by proteinase inhibitors during acute pancreatitis in the human. Cuschieri, A; Worthington, KJ, 1976)	0.26
"A dose-response study of the effect of somatostatin on plasma growth hormone (GH) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels was performed in normal subjects and acromegalic patients."	( Dose-response study of the inhibiting effect of somatostatin on growth hormone and insulin secretion in normal subjects and acromegalic patients. Giustina, G; Panerai, E; Peracchi, M; Pinto, M; Reschini, E, 1975)	0.25
" Computing the area above basal for the initial ten minutes after arginine stimulation established a dose-response relationship for the acute phases of glucagon and insulin secretion."	( Arginine-stimulated acute phase of insulin and glucagon secretion. I. in normal man. Ensinck, JW; Palmer, JP; Walter, RM, 1975)	0.25
"4 X 10(-7) PGE2, respectively; a dose-response relationship was evident for both hormones at higher concentrations of PGE2."	( Stimulation by prostaglandin E2 of glucagon and insulin release from isolated rat pancreas. Elster, A; Pek, S; Tai, TY, 1975)	0.25
" The dose-response curves showed that L-arginine significantly decreased arterial pressure and increased heart rate."	( Evidence for normal nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator tone in conscious rats with cirrhosis. Cailmail, S; Hadengue, A; Lebrec, D; Moreau, R; Oberti, F; Ohsuga, M; Pussard, E; Sogni, P, 1992)	0.28
" Simultaneously, a dose-response diuretic and natriuretic effect was observed with all the aminoacids."	( Renal and systemic effects of aminoacids administered separately: comparison between L-arginine and non-nitric oxide donor aminoacids. Caramelo, C; Casado, S; Cernadas, MR; Digiuni, E; Espinosa, G; Gallego, MJ; Hernando, L; López-Farré, A; Riesco, A, 1992)	0.28
") caused a rightward displacement of dose-response curves to Ang II or Ang III in both the mesenteric and renal vasculature."	( A comparison of the characteristics of angiotensin receptors in the renal and mesenteric vascular beds of the anesthetized cat. Clark, KL; Drew, GM; Robertson, MJ, 1992)	0.28
" We performed dose-response curves to methoxamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, with and without N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, in experimental portal hypertension."	( The role of nitric oxide in the vascular hyporesponsiveness to methoxamine in portal hypertensive rats. Albillos, A; Colombato, LA; Groszmann, RJ; Lee, FY, 1992)	0.28
" Twelve db/db mice were given a solution containing a daily dosage of L-arginine of 50 mg/kg body weight orally."	( L-arginine reduces glomerular basement membrane collagen N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine in the diabetic db/db mouse. Höger, H; Lubec, B; Lubec, G; Szalay, S; Weninger, M; Xi, Z, 1992)	0.28
" D-Arginine, administered according to the same dosage and protocol, was without effect."	( L-arginine decreases infarct size caused by middle cerebral arterial occlusion in SHR. Huang, Z; Morikawa, E; Moskowitz, MA, 1992)	0.28
" Norepinephrine caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve for CA(ven) in the presence of a lower baseline value."	( Blockade of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester leads to enhanced venous reactivity in vivo. Raberger, G; Schemper, M; Schwarzacher, S; Weidinger, F, 1992)	0.28
" Neither indomethacin (1 mumol/L) nor the cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C (1 mumol/L) had any significant effect on the log dose-response curve to ET-1 in either group of kidneys."	( Increased sensitivity to endothelin-1 in isolated Krebs'-perfused kidneys of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Hodgson, WC; King, RG; Tammesild, PJ, 1992)	0.28
" To assess pharmacological alterations of endothelium-dependent responses, dose-response curves were constructed to ADP, serotonin, and histamine."	( Pathophysiological consequences of atherosclerosis extend into the coronary microcirculation. Restoration of endothelium-dependent responses by L-arginine. Cannon, MS; Chilian, WM; Davis, MJ; Kuo, L, 1992)	0.28
" Tolerance to this effect of ethanol is expressed by a rightward shift of the dose-response curve in aorta from animals intoxicated with ethanol for 2 days."	( Endothelium-dependent tolerance to ethanol-induced contraction of rat aorta: effect of inhibition of EDRF action and nitric oxide synthesis. Knych, ET, 1992)	0.28
" In contrast, L-NNA caused a leftward shift in the dose-response relationship to the thromboxane mimetic U-46619, indicating that the endogenous release of EDRF modulates the pulmonary vascular response to this vasoconstrictor."	( N omega-nitro-L-arginine and pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationship in conscious dogs. Desai, PM; Murray, PA; Nishiwaki, K; Nyhan, DP; Peterson, WP; Pribble, CG; Rock, P, 1992)	0.28
" N omega-nitro-L-arginine infusion potentiated pressor responses to all three vasopressors, resulting in dose-response curves that were significantly shifted to the left, making them virtually identical in pregnant and postpartum rats."	( N omega-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, increases blood pressure in rats and reverses the pregnancy-induced refractoriness to vasopressor agents. Hertelendy, F; Molnár, M, 1992)	0.28
" The blood pressure remained elevated after the dose-response curve to D-arginine and, in order to determine whether D-arginine-treated rats are sensitive to the effects of other vasodilators and whether differences in vasoactive actions exist for vasodilators acting other than via nitric oxide synthesis, a dose-response curve to the calcium channel antagonist verapamil was constructed."	( Actions of L- and D-arginine and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine on the blood pressure of pithed normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Tabrizchi, R; Triggle, CR, 1992)	0.28
" Since endogenous TRH secretion may mask the effects of exogenous TRH, we performed, in parallel to dose-response studies, immunoneutralization experiments using anti-TRH serum to neutralize the endogenous TRH secretion from isolated perfused rat pancreas."	( Antithyrotropin-releasing hormone serum inhibits secretion of glucagon from isolated perfused rat pancreas: an experimental model for positive feedback regulation of glucagon secretion. Aratan-Spire, S; Ebiou, JC; Grouselle, D, 1992)	0.28
" Two granular dosage forms were evaluated, 200 and 400 mg, in comparison with the commercial equivalents (tablets)."	( Activity and pharmacokinetics of a new oral dosage form of soluble ibuprofen. Ceppi Monti, N; Gazzaniga, A; Gianesello, V; Lodola, E; Stroppolo, F, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response analysis indicated that L-NNA was 87 and 230 times more potent than L-NMA and L-NAA, respectively."	( Comparison of the inhibitory potencies of N(G)-methyl-, N(G)-nitro- and N(G)-amino-L-arginine on EDRF function in the rat: evidence for continuous basal EDRF release. Chaudhuri, G; Cuevas, JM; Ignarro, LJ; Vargas, HM, 1991)	0.28
" dose-response manner 30 min after pretreatment with NNA (1 or 3 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg)."	( N omega-nitro-L-arginine attenuates the accumulation of aortic cyclic GMP and the hypotension produced by zaprinast. Buchholz, RA; Dundore, RL; O'Connor, B; Pagani, ED; Pratt, PF, 1991)	0.28
" However, L-arginine had no effect on the dose-response curve to 5-HT in both kinds of preparation and did not change the tone in precontracted unrubbed cat cerebral segments."	( Different influence of endothelium in the mechanical responses of human and cat isolated cerebral arteries to several agents. Benito, JM; Conde, MV; Fraile, ML; López de Pablo, AL; Marco, EJ; Moreno, MJ; Sanz, ML, 1991)	0.28
" These nutrient concentrations were selected from initial experiments performed to characterize their dose-response effects on insulin secretion."	( Characterization of the insulinotropic potency of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Akwari, OE; Burch, WM; Hubbard, VS; Opara, EC, 1992)	0.28
" To determine if the effect of LNAME on CBF was due to a direct action on the coronary vasculature or was secondary to the change in HR, dose-response curves were performed for LNAME (0."	( Coronary blood flow in rats is dependent on the release of vascular nitric oxide. Brody, MJ; Jones, LF, 1992)	0.28
" This process is not influenced by simultaneous dosage with large amounts of NaNO3."	( Endogenous incorporation of nitric oxide from L-arginine into N-nitrosomorpholine stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the rat. Leaf, CD; Tannenbaum, SR; Wishnok, JS, 1991)	0.28
" Dose-response studies of the glucose-induced release of amylin and insulin revealed that they possessed a similar dependency on glucose."	( Release of amylin from perfused rat pancreas in response to glucose, arginine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and gliclazide. Hisatomi, A; Inoue, K; Nawata, H; Umeda, F, 1991)	0.28
" Dose-response curves for the vasodilatation produced by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), acetylcholine (ACh), adenosine, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained following injection into the HA supply."	( Nitric oxide is the mediator of ATP-induced dilatation of the rabbit hepatic arterial vascular bed. Alexander, B; Burnstock, G; Mathie, RT; Ralevic, V, 1991)	0.28
" Dose-response relations to norepinephrine, endothelium-dependent dilators (acetylcholine, histamine, and A23187), and nitroglycerin were done."	( Depression of endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta from rats with Brugia pahangi lymphatic filariasis. Kaiser, L; Lamb, VL; Tithof, PK; Williams, JF, 1991)	0.28
"We investigated the dose-response characteristics of glucose-induced insulin release and the influence of hyperglycaemia on arginine-induced insulin secretion in eight non-obese subjects with NIDDM and in eight non-diabetic volunteers."	( Decreased insulin secretory capacity and normal pancreatic B-cell glucose sensitivity in non-obese patients with NIDDM. Gerich, JE; Van der Veen, EA; Van Haeften, TW; Van Maarschalkerweerd, WW, 1991)	0.28
" There was a positive dose-response effect seen amongst the experimental groups for the amino acids arginine, ornithine, and citrulline in relation to the amount of supplemental arginine."	( Arginine supplementation and its effect on established peritonitis in guinea pigs. Alexander, JW; Gonce, SJ; Miskell, PW; Peck, MD, )	0.13
" Therefore, we investigated in a dose-response fashion the inhibitory effect of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist pirenzepine on the GH responses to arginine infusion (30 g infused intravenously (IV) in 30 minutes), exercise (bicycle ergometer test at an intensity of 75 W for 30 minutes), or 1-44 GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) (1 microgram/kg in an IV bolus)."	( Reduced sensitivity to pirenzepine-induced blockade of growth hormone responses to arginine, exercise, and growth hormone-releasing hormone in type I diabetic subjects. Bianconi, L; Capretti, L; Coiro, V; Davoli, C; Fagnoni, F; Gardini, E; Maffei, ML; Passeri, M; Speroni, G; Volpi, R, 1990)	0.28
" The dose-response curve of SNP was shifted to the right, and the relaxation to verapamil was slightly reduced."	( Endothelium-derived relaxing factor influences renal vascular resistance. Förstermann, U; Frölich, JC; Radermacher, J, 1990)	0.28
" We investigated the dose-response characteristics for both phases of glucose-induced insulin release in normal man, and studied the influence of hyperglycemia on arginine-induced insulin secretion."	( Dose-response characteristics for glucose-stimulated insulin release in man and assessment of influence of glucose on arginine-stimulated insulin release. Boonstra, E; Gerich, JE; van der Veen, EA; van Haeften, TW; Veneman, TF, 1990)	0.28
" A full dose-response relationship could not be constructed for proendothelin, but the highest dose used (4 nmol) increased the perfusion pressure by 15."	( Endothelium-dependent vascular activities of endothelin-like peptides in the isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed of the rat. Douglas, SA; Hiley, CR, 1990)	0.28
"Rapid, stability-indicating, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the direct and simultaneous determination of a new beta-lactam molecule and its salt-forming agent in finished dosage forms was studied for the development of injectable formulations."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous assay of a new synthetic penem molecule and its salt-forming agent in injectable formulations. Busnelli, V; Farina, M; Finetti, G, 1990)	0.28
" Both peptides elicited a strong burst of CL with different time course and dose-response curves."	( Sensory neuropeptides (substance P) and 4-11 SP enhance human neutrophils chemiluminescence; the role of L-arginine. Cornaglia-Ferraris, P; Cornara, L; Melodia, A, 1986)	0.27
" Insulin secretory responses to a given stimulus were stronger than in the case of islets isolated by former techniques: 10-12 times the basal release (vs 5 times) with clear dose-response proportionality."	( Reproducible high yields of rat islets of Langerhans. Assan, R; Campana, M; Delaby, J; Laborie, C, )	0.13
" Whereas the reduction in Ca2+i was related to the extracellular glucose concentration in a hyperbolic manner, the increasing component exhibited a sigmoidal dose-response relationship."	( Nutrient secretagogues induce bimodal early changes in cytoplasmic calcium of insulin-releasing ob/ob mouse beta-cells. Gylfe, E, 1988)	0.27
" These data indicate that only patients treated with lower cranial irradiation dosage (18 Gy) had complete growth recovery and normal GH responses to pharmacologic tests."	( Differential effects of 18- and 24-Gy cranial irradiation on growth rate and growth hormone release in children with prolonged survival after acute lymphocytic leukemia. Balsamo, A; Cacciari, E; Cau, M; Cicognani, A; Paolucci, G; Pirazzoli, P; Rosito, P; Tosi, MT; Vecchi, V, 1988)	0.27
" The severe impairment of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity even in the symptomless stage of porphyria indicates cautious dosage of drugs primarily eliminated by hepatic oxidative reactions."	( Haem arginate improves hepatic oxidative metabolism in variegate porphyria. Himberg, JJ; Mustajoki, P; Tokola, O, 1988)	0.27
" Dose-response analysis of the A-II + urea interaction suggested that A-II pressor effects and A-II + urea potentiation involve a common mechanism."	( The synergistic effect of angiotensin II and urea on systemic blood pressure. Chan, JC; Corley, KC; Gipson, J; Mauck, HP; Owusu, K, )	0.13
" These results suggest that nifedipine, when given in standard dosage for 3 months, has minor effects on carbohydrate metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients."	( [Effects of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism in the non-insulin dependent diabetic]. Abadie, E; Fiet, J; Gauville, C; Passa, P; Tabuteau, F; Villette, JM, 1985)	0.27
" The dose-response curve to VIP was bell-shaped (as with the other stimulators), maximal stimulation occurring at 10(-12) M VIP."	( VIP stimulation of beta-naphthylamidase activity in guinea-pig thyroid sections. Ealey, PA; Ekins, RP; Marshall, NJ, 1985)	0.27
" DDAVP in equivalent intravenous dosage has been found to be at least as potent and to have a more prolonged action, lasting 13-22 hours instead of 1-2 hours."	( DDAVP in treatment of vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. Fraser, TR; Ward, MK, 1974)	0.25
" The concentration of ammonia in the blood of the three sheep given the low-protein diet rose exponentially with time after dosing with urea and all sheep died."	( The effect of protein content of the diet on the rate of urea formation in sheep liver. Morris, JG; Payne, E, 1969)	0.25
"" The precision of the method derives from a direct comparison between the cumulative dose-response curve of an agonist of unknown potency acting on one hemibladder and that of a reference compound acting on the contralateral hemibladder."	( A sensitive hydroosmotic toad bladder assay. Affinity and intrinsic activity of neurohypophyseal peptides. Eggena, P; Schwartz, IL; Walter, R, 1968)	0.25
" Studies using the rat indicates that the dose-response relationship is of a threshold nature, with doses of 3 g/kg or greater abolishing spontaneous secretion."	( Effect of ethanol on spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone secretion. Redmond, GP, 1981)	0.26
"2 U) was observed during the dose-response to glucose."	( Hepatic removal of insulin in normal man: dose response to endogenous insulin secretion. Allen, RC; Eaton, RP; Schade, DS, 1983)	0.27
" Gene dosage effects suggest that KEX2 is the structural gene for the endopeptidase."	( Isolation of the putative structural gene for the lysine-arginine-cleaving endopeptidase required for processing of yeast prepro-alpha-factor. Blair, L; Brake, A; Julius, D; Kunisawa, R; Thorner, J, 1984)	0.27
" Neither dosage showed any evidence of shortening the healing time compared to placebo."	( Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochloride. McCune, MA; Muller, SA; O'Fallon, WM; Perry, HO, 1984)	0.27
" The time of first estrus and the first ovulation was not advanced in arginine-deficient rats by the same dosage of estrogen when administration began at 26 days of age."	( Dietary arginine deprivation and delayed puberty in the female rat. Milner, JA; Pau, MY, 1984)	0.27
" Plasma arginine levels were significantly lowered 3 h after dosing thioacetamide and by 9 h were indistinguishable."	( Early changes in thioacetamide-induced liver damage. Trennery, PN; Waring, RH, 1983)	0.27
" Dosage guidelines and formulation procedures are described in the paper, as are other possible therapeutic alternatives (dialysis, acetazolamide, cimetidine)."	( Treating severe metabolic alkalosis. Martin, WJ; Matzke, GR, )	0.13
" The dose-response relationships to Arg of the beta- and alpha-cell appear similar."	( Interaction of arginine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on insulin release in man. Andersen, DK; Andres, R; Elahi, D; Hershcopf, RJ; Muller, DC; Raizes, GS; Tobin, JD, 1982)	0.26
" Similar dose-response curves for esterase activation, chemotaxis, and chemotactic deactivation were obtained with the chemotactic factor FMLP, suggesting that in human neutrophils all three functions utilize some of the same early molecular events following chemotactic factor binding to th neutrophil surface."	( Demonstration of calcium-dependent chemotactic factor activatable esterase activity in human neutrophils: relationship with chemotaxis and chemotactic deactivation. Kleyman, T; Mandell, B; Mehta, J; Spilberg, I, 1981)	0.26
" Diluted plasma from normal and acromegalic dogs resulted in a dose-response curve parallel to the standard curve."	( Radioimmunoassay of canine growth hormone. Eigenmann, JE; Eigenmann, RY, 1981)	0.26
" In vitro, the dose-response curves of norepinephrine in isolated intact aortic and mesenteric rings form the exercise trained-SHR were significantly lower than those from the untrained-SHR."	( Chronic exercise enhances endothelium-mediated dilation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ding, YA; Lee, YM; Sheu, JR; Yang, JH; Yen, MH, 1995)	0.29
"To inhibit nitric oxide synthase, several dosing regimens of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were used (5 or 50 mg/kg IP, twice a day for 4 days, or 30 mg/kg IV) in gerbils."	( Nitric oxide inhibition aggravates ischemic damage of hippocampal but not of NADPH neurons in gerbils. Bernardi, G; Iannone, M; Morello, M; Nisticò, G; Sancesario, G, 1994)	0.29
" L-NNA induced greater contractions to phenylephrine than L-NMA whereas AG had no effect on dose-response curves to this alpha 1-agonist in rat aorta with endothelium."	( Effects of NG-methyl-L-arginine, NG-nitro-L-arginine, and aminoguanidine on constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat aorta. Ayres, M; Chelly, F; Joly, GA; Kilbourn, RG, 1994)	0.29
" administration of 5 mg/kg morphine, a mu-opioid agonist, or U50488H (U50), a kappa 1-opioid agonist, for 5 days in male CD-1 mice results in a 2-3-fold shift to the right of the respective analgesic (tail flick) dose-response curves, indicating the development of tolerance."	( The NMDA receptor antagonists, LY274614 and MK-801, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine, attenuate analgesic tolerance to the mu-opioid morphine but not to kappa opioids. Elliott, K; Inturrisi, CE; Kolesnikov, YA; Minami, N; Pasternak, GW, 1994)	0.29
" Histopathological examination of the brains obtained 6 days after reflow disclosed that N omega-nitro-L-arginine possesses an ability to mitigate neuronal necrosis in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus with an optimal dosage of 3 mg/kg."	( A narrow therapeutical window of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor against transient ischemic brain injury. Koide, T; Matsui, T; Nagafuji, T; Sugiyama, M, 1993)	0.29
" Dexamethasone (Dex) never suppressed histamine paw edema of mice before 1 hr after its dosing as new protein(s) synthesis is required."	( Nitric oxide- and hydrogen peroxide-mediated gene expression by glucocorticoids and FK506 in histamine paw edema of mice. Oyanagui, Y, 1994)	0.29
" A rapid, transient relaxation was observed during the cumulative dose-response and a new plateau of equilibrium was seen following an increase in developed force after the last dose of SP."	( Substance P induces biphasic endothelium-dependent relaxations in pig and rabbit carotid arteries. Arden, WA; Fiscus, RR; Gross, DR; Lanzo, S; Maley, RH; Salley, RK, 1994)	0.29
" formalin, enhanced the second-but not the first-phase nociceptive responses, whereas it was without significant effects at 3 micrograms per paw, and conversely, produced antinociception at 10 micrograms per paw, resulting in a bell-shaped dose-response curve."	( Effect of topical administration of L-arginine on formalin-induced nociception in the mouse: a dual role of peripherally formed NO in pain modulation. Kawabata, A; Manabe, S; Manabe, Y; Takagi, H, 1994)	0.29
" We examined the dose-response profile of one such analogue, NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOLA) in conscious sheep (n = 4) and used continuous monitoring techniques to study long-term changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) and the relative responsiveness of the coronary, mesenteric, renal, and hindlimb vascular beds to NOLA [10 mg/kg, intravenous (i."	( Prolonged regional vasoconstriction produced by NG-nitro-L-arginine in conscious sheep. Bednarik, JA; Cooper, EJ; Dusting, GJ; May, CN; Tresham, JJ, 1994)	0.29
" NPY decreased LCX flow and increased CVR dose dependently in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the dose-response relation between the two groups."	( Influence of inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide formation to effects of vasoconstrictor agents neuropeptide Y, clonidine, and ergonovine on coronary vascular resistance. Ishizaka, H; Matsunaga, T; Okumura, K; Tsunoda, R; Yasue, H, 1994)	0.29
"Pressor dose-response curves to endothelin 1 (0."	( Vascular hyporesponsiveness to endothelin 1 in rats with cirrhosis. Cailmail, S; Gaudin, C; Hartleb, M; Lebrec, D; Moreau, R, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for endothelium-dependent vasodilators were shifted to the left in aortic rings of cirrhotic rats, and EC50 for acetylcholine and ADP were significantly decreased in cirrhotic (0."	( Increased nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings of cirrhotic rats with ascites. Angeli, P; Arroyo, V; Clària, J; Jiménez, W; Rigol, M; Rivera, F; Rodés, J; Ros, J, 1994)	0.29
" Treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester at 20 mg/kg/day aggravated lung injury induced by O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate: Pulmonary oedema and bleeding occurred, leading to an increase in mortalities at 15 mg/kg of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate, at which level it did not induce such changes as when dosed alone."	( O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate increases Ca2+ independent nitric oxide synthase activity in the lung but decreases Ca2+/calmodulin dependent type in the cerebellum in Fischer 344 rats. Hamade, N; Koizumi, A; Ohtaka, K; Suzuki, M; Wada, Y; Yamazaki, Y, )	0.13
" At all time periods under L-NAME and 2 weeks after stopping treatment, the dose-response to norepinephrine was significantly more sensitive than in controls, with a concomitant slight increase in efficacy."	( Resistance artery structure and neuroeffector mechanisms in hypertension induced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Li, JS; Schiffrin, EL, 1994)	0.29
" Administration of L-arginine alone for 3-10 days shifts morphine's dose-response curve over 2-fold to the right while D-arginine is without effect, as is daily administration of L-arginine along with the NOS inhibitor NOArg."	( Nitric oxide and opioid tolerance. Babey, AM; Cheng, J; Inturrisi, CE; Kolesnikov, Y; Pasternak, GW; Trifilletti, RR, 1994)	0.29
" This variability may be attributable to differences in dosing regimens and models of septic shock."	( Use of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as a novel treatment for septic shock. Dasta, JF; Wolfe, TA, 1995)	0.29
"NO appears to play a role in septic shock; however, the use of NOS inhibitors to treat septic shock requires further studies to determine an appropriate dosing regimen and to determine the effects of these agents on morbidity and mortality."	( Use of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as a novel treatment for septic shock. Dasta, JF; Wolfe, TA, 1995)	0.29
" Every 24 h after TNB, rats were orally dosed with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 30 mg/kg), NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME), or water, and food intake, body weight, and plasma nitrite levels were measured."	( The selective beneficial effects of nitric oxide inhibition in experimental colitis. Blennerhassett, MG; Collins, SM; Hogaboam, CM; Jacobson, K, 1995)	0.29
" We anticipated that NOS inhibition was dose- and time-dependent and questioned if the dose-response relationship was related to the specific drug or animal species."	( Nitro-L-arginine analogues. Dose- and time-related nitric oxide synthase inhibition in brain. Banasiak, K; Davis, S; Helfaer, MA; Hurn, PD; Moore, LE; Traystman, RJ; Williams, M, 1995)	0.29
" In dispersed acini, supramaximal cerulein concentrations induced NO release, but the amylase dose-response curve was not modified by NO inhibition."	( Nitric oxide modulates pancreatic basal secretion and response to cerulein in the rat: effects in acute pancreatitis. Guarner, F; Malagelada, JR; Molero, X; Mourelle, M; Puig, V; Salas, A, 1995)	0.29
" Vasoconstrictor responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-9), 10(-10) M) showed dose-response curves with similar EC50 values, indicating no change in potency."	( Impaired vasoreactivity to nitric oxide in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Kihara, M; Low, PA, 1995)	0.29
" The dose-response curves for alpha 2-agonists in SHRSP aorta were different from those in WKY aorta; the maximum tension was observed at the concentration of 10(-6) M in the preparation from WKY, while the contraction further increased up to 10(-4) M in the preparation from WKY."	( Effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine on alpha-agonists-induced contraction of aortae from Wistar Kyoto rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Matsuda, K; Sekiguchi, F; Shimamura, K; Sunano, S; Tojo, M, 1995)	0.29
" Dose-response curves were constructed before and during intra-arterial infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (2 mg/min, n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6)."	( Endothelial release of nitric oxide contributes to the vasodilator effect of adenosine in humans. Banitt, P; Creager, MA; Lipson, DE; Rongen, GA; Smits, P; Williams, SB, 1995)	0.29
" Results were presented as dose-response curves."	( Local modulation of adrenergic responses in the hindlimb vasculature of the intact conscious rat. Chen, CY; Collins, HL; DiCarlo, SE; Patil, RD, 1995)	0.29
" When the endothelium was removed, however, the dose-response curves of both groups of rats were shifted to the left with an increase in maximum responses and they were no longer significantly different (max."	( Effect of swimming on vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and KC1 in male rats. Jansakul, C, 1995)	0.29
" The ex vivo clotting time measurement of 11d after ip dosing showed prolongation of clotting time in rats."	( Active site-directed thrombin inhibitors--II. Studies related to arginine/guanidine bioisosteres. Balasubramanian, N; Federici, ME; Han, WT; Meanwell, NA; Seiler, SM; St Laurent, DR; Trehan, A; Wright, JJ, 1995)	0.29
" Neostigmine was injected either 20 or 60 minutes prior to beginning cumulative dosing with the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist."	( Subarachnoid neostigmine potentiation of alpha 2-adrenergic agonist analgesia. Dexmedetomidine versus Clonidine. Bouaziz, H; Eisenach, JC; Hewitt, C, )	0.13
" The peptides produced dose-related increases in perfusion pressure, and dose-response curves to all six peptides were parallel."	( Analysis of responses to angiotensin peptides in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat. Garrison, EA; Kadowitz, PJ; Osei, SY; Santiago, JA, 1995)	0.29
" Results indicated that intra-DG administration of a NO generator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at moderate doses enhanced retention performance in a dose-response fashion in rats."	( Role of hippocampal nitric oxide in memory retention in rats. Huang, AM; Lee, EH, 1995)	0.29
" Cumulative dose-response curves to norepinephrine, serotonin, and bradykinin were recorded, and following norepinephrine precontraction, relaxation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were determined."	( Control of accelerated vein graft atheroma with the nitric oxide precursor: L-arginine. Barber, L; Dalen, H; Davies, MG; Hagen, PO; Kim, JH; Svendsen, E, 1995)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for serotonin-induced vasodilatation, an index of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation, showed a comparable and significant rightward shift after a medication-free period of 2 and 6 weeks compared with control subjects, indicating endothelial dysfunction, which was already maximum after 2 weeks."	( Vascular function in the forearm of hypercholesterolaemic patients off and on lipid-lowering medication. de Bruin, TW; Koomans, HA; Rabelink, TJ; Stroes, ES, 1995)	0.29
" A single NO2Arg dose retards morphine tolerance for several days, and dosing every 4 days is almost as effective as daily NO2Arg."	( Blockade of tolerance to morphine but not to kappa opioids by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Ciszewska, G; Kolesnikov, YA; Pasternak, GW; Pick, CG, 1993)	0.29
" In this paper the biological roles of individual positive loops (multistationarity, differentiation) and negative loops (homeostasis, with or without oscillations, buffering of gene dosage effect) are discussed."	( Dynamical behaviour of biological regulatory networks--I. Biological role of feedback loops and practical use of the concept of the loop-characteristic state. Kaufman, M; Thieffry, D; Thomas, R, 1995)	0.29
" The dose-response curve to ATP appeared not to be monophasic: at the lower concentrations (10-300 microM) the curve was shallow, whilst at high concentrations (1-10 mM) the curve was steeper."	( Evidence for the presence of both pre- and postjunctional P2-purinoceptor subtypes in human isolated urinary bladder. Artibani, W; Calpista, A; Corsi, M; Palea, S; Pietra, C; Trist, DG, 1995)	0.29
" Treatment with 5 x 10(-7) M L-NAME resulted in a right shift of the dose-response curves of ACh-induced relaxation in the aorta."	( Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor does not contribute to the decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Abiru, T; Endo, K; Kamata, K; Kasuya, Y; Machida, H, 1995)	0.29
"The dose-response relationship of steady-state nitric oxide (NO) administration on renal vascular resistance in isolated rat kidneys (IPRK) perfused at constant pressure was investigated after inhibition of NO synthesis with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)."	( Nitric oxide dose-response study in the isolated perfused rat kidney after inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis: the role of serum albumin. Castelli, I; Drop, LJ; Kaufmann, MA; Pargger, H, 1995)	0.29
" Cerebral infarctions occurred whether or not SHRSP rats were treated with an antihypertensive agent when they were fed a high dosage of L-NNA."	( Detailed examination of vascular lesions triggered by an inhibitor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Fujino, H; Ikeda, K; Kubota, A; Nara, Y; Numano, F; Tagami, M; Yamori, Y, 1995)	0.29
" Analysis of dose-response curves for prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), U46619, a stable thromboxane analog, and norepinephrine (NE) after pretreatment with INDO demonstrated that inhibition of endogenous eicosanoids significantly attenuated the vasoconstrictor response to PGF2 alpha and U46619 but not to NE."	( The interaction between endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and eicosanoids in the regulation of the mesenteric microcirculation. Farhat, M; Hoy, GR; Kodama, T; Marmon, LM; Ramwell, PW; Vargas, R, 1995)	0.29
" Vascular contractility of small pulmonary arterial and thoracic aortic rings was assessed in vitro by obtaining cumulative dose-response curves to the contractile agonists potassium chloride (KCl), phenylephrine (PE), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)."	( Vascular reactivity in sepsis: importance of controls and role of nitric oxide. McCormack, DG; Paterson, NA; Yaghi, A, 1995)	0.29
" Six-minute pretreatment with 50 nmol of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine (NNR) significantly inhibited CD-produced hot-plate and tail-flick antinociception as evidenced by 6-fold shifts to the right of the CD dose-response curves."	( Pharmacologic evidence that spinal muscarinic analgesia is mediated by an L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP cascade in rats. Iwamoto, ET; Marion, L, 1994)	0.29
" This defect translates in vivo as a right shift in the glucose/SR dose-response curve."	( Arginine-induced insulin release in glucokinase-deficient subjects. Clement, K; Froguel, P; Passa, P; Pueyo, ME; Robert, JJ; Vaxillaire, M; Velho, G, 1994)	0.29
" Yet the adequate dosage required for immunomodulation has to be established and the toxicity of high-dose arginine has not been fully elucidated."	( Low-dose dietary L-arginine increases plasma interleukin 1 alpha but not interleukin 1 beta in patients with diabetes mellitus. Hayde, M; Lubec, B; Lubec, G; Popow, C; Vierhapper, H; Weninger, M; Xi, Z, 1994)	0.29
"1 mumol/site) appeared to produce greater shifts of the dose-response curve to BK (0."	( Cutaneous permeability responses to bradykinin and histamine in the guinea-pig: possible differences in their mechanism of action. Douglas, GJ; Khawaja, AM; Lawrence, L; Page, CP; Paul, W; Perez, AC; Schachter, M, 1994)	0.29
" The dose-response curve of systemic vascular resistance in these LNNA-pretreated septic sheep became very similar to the corresponding curve obtained in nonseptic animals."	( Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis improves the vasoconstrictive effect of noradrenaline in sepsis. Cañas, P; Jorge, P; Landín, L; Liste, D; Lorente, JA; Renes, E, 1994)	0.29
" In both cases, plasma histidine and lysine concentrations were significantly decreased compared with a placebo group dosed with water."	( L-canavanine influences feed intake, plasma basic amino acid concentrations and kidney arginase activity in chicks. Michelangeli, C; Vargas, RE, 1994)	0.29
" Rings of femoral artery from heartworm-infected and noninfected control dogs were suspended in muscle baths, and dose-response relationships to endothelium-dependent (methacholine) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators were done."	( Dirofilaria immitis: depression of endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine femoral artery seen in vivo does not persist in vitro. Kaiser, L; Lamb, VL; Mupanomunda, M; Schwartz, AJ; Schwartz, NR; Tithof, PK; Williams, JF, 1994)	0.29
" In experiments performed in isolated perfused kidneys, preconstricted with phenylephrine, dose-response curves for ACh and NP were obtained in the presence of indomethacin."	( Increased endothelium-dependent renal vasodilation in cirrhotic rats. Atucha, NM; García-Estañ, J; Quesada, T; Romero, JC; Sabio, JM; Vargas, F, 1994)	0.29
" In pentobarbitone-anaesthetized pigs, haemodynamic indices were measured before and after intravenous administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in a dose-response protocol (0."	( Comparison of the ability of nicardipine, theophylline and zaprinast to restore cardiovascular haemodynamics following inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Adgey, AA; Allen, JD; Herity, NA; Silke, B, 1994)	0.29
" It also caused a small rightward shift in the colonic 5-HT dose-response curve."	( Involvement of nitric oxide in the response to 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat in-vivo. Franks, CM; Hardcastle, J; Hardcastle, PT, 1994)	0.29
" These two phenomena followed a similar time course and shared a parallel dose-response sensitivity to hrIL-1 beta."	( Nitric oxide and energy production in articular chondrocytes. Evans, CH; Georgescu, HI; Stadler, J; Stefanovic-Racic, M, 1994)	0.29
"Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitor,N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10-300 mg/kg) and L-NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA, 30-300 mg/kg) suppressed the swellings of adjuvant-injected paw of rats (25-54%) at day 2 and 8 when dosed intraperitoneally and orally for 4 days from day -1 to day 2 after adjuvant."	( Nitric oxide and superoxide radical are involved in both initiation and development of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Oyanagui, Y, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for these NO synthase inhibitors showed that L-NAME was more potent than L-NMMA in increasing IBAT blood flow."	( Possible involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in modulating regional blood flow to brown adipose tissue of rats. Irie, K; Muraki, T; Nomoto, T; Tsukahara, F; Uchida, Y, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for each drug were determined with respect to maximal intracavernosal pressure, duration of effect and penile length, and systemic arterial pressure was monitored."	( Penile erection in the primate: induction with nitric-oxide donors. Domer, FR; Hellstrom, WJ; Kadowitz, PJ; Monga, M; Roberts, JA; Wang, R, 1994)	0.29
" The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-monomethyl-L-arginine (30 microM) shifted the dose-response curve for NECA to the right in all groups suggesting that the vascular response to NECA is partially mediated through the release of NO."	( Influence of aortic baroreceptor denervation on adenosine receptor-mediated relaxation of isolated rat aorta. Abdel-Rahman, AA; el-Mas, MM; Fahim, M; Mustafa, SJ, 1994)	0.29
" Vascular responsiveness was assessed in vitro by obtaining cumulative dose-response curves to contractile agonists [phenylephrine (PE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and KCl]."	( Nitric oxide does not mediate the attenuated pulmonary vascular reactivity of chronic pneumonia. McCormack, DG; Paterson, NA; Yaghi, A, 1993)	0.29
" Dose-response curves to PE were generated in the control and postexercise condition, with and without the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME."	( Acute exercise enhances nitric oxide modulation of vascular response to phenylephrine. Collins, HL; DiCarlo, SE; Patil, RD, 1993)	0.29
" Dose-response curves to CPA were shallower and maximal responses were weaker than those produced by the other agonists."	( Interactions of adenosine A1 receptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction with endogenous nitric oxide and ANG II. Barrett, RJ; Droppleman, DA, 1993)	0.29
" The potentiating action of L-NNA on noradrenaline-induced contractions could also be observed in the presence of yohimbine or rauwolscine, although dose-response curves were shifted to the right."	( Involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors in the endothelium-dependent depression of noradrenaline-induced contraction in rat aorta. Kaneko, K; Sunano, S, 1993)	0.29
" KCl, phenylephrine (PHE) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) dose-response curves (DR) were obtained at a preload of 500 mg which allowed the maximum response in control rings."	( In vitro femoral arterial responses to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in endotoxin shock. Baker, CH; Price, JM; Sutton, ET; Zhou, Z, 1994)	0.29
" The modified enzyme strongly inhibited growth of a mouse hepatoma cell line, MH134, at a concentration of more than 10 ng/ml, showing almost the same dose-response curve as the native enzyme."	( Chemical modification by polyethylene glycol of the anti-tumor enzyme arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma arginini. Hayashi, H; Misawa, S; Miyazaki, K; Takaku, H, 1993)	0.29
" The fact that the concentrations of neither GAA nor Arg changed significantly after the injection of 14C-Arg in either group suggested that the dosage of injected Arg is not sufficient to affect the transformation of Arg to GAA."	( Study on impaired metabolism of guanidinoacetic acid in chronic renal failure rabbits with special reference to impaired conversion of arginine to guanidinoacetic acid. Kuroda, M, 1993)	0.29
" The chlorhydrate arginine was administered by mouth at a daily dosage of 4 g (1 phial/2) for 6 months."	( [Therapy with arginine chlorohydrate in children with short constitutional stature]. Becherucci, P; La Cauza, F; Pittari, AM; Seminara, S, )	0.13
" It is concluded that (i) the protective effect of unmodified and acidified hydrotalcit is independent of the eicosanoid system; (ii) protection against indomethacin induced gastric lesions does not require treatment before dosing of the ulcerogen and does not interfere with absorption and anti-inflammatory actions of indomethacin; (iii) endogenous nitric oxide and afferent neurons contribute partly to the effect of unmodified, but not of acidified, hydrotalcit suggesting that different mechanisms mediate their mucosal protective activity."	( Role of eicosanoids, nitric oxide, and afferent neurons in antacid induced protection in the rat stomach. Korolkiewicz, R; Lambrecht, N; Liszkay, M; Peskar, BM; Trautmann, M, 1993)	0.29
" We also determined the dose-response effects of acetylcholine (Ach, 10(-9)-10(-5) M), sodium nitroprusside (NP, 10(-9)-10(-5) M), and norepinephrine (NE, 3 x 10(-10)-10(-6) M), on third-order arterioles (3A) in the two age groups."	( Decreased arteriolar endothelium-derived relaxing factor production during the development of genetic hypertension. Joshua, IG; Li, F, 1993)	0.29
" Uterine radial arteries were isolated and subjected to norepinephrine dose-response curves with and without intact endothelium."	( Effect of the vascular endothelium on norepinephrine-induced contractions in uterine radial arteries from the nonpregnant and pregnant human uterus. Johnson, IR; Steele, SC; Warren, AY, 1993)	0.29
" Addition of nitro-L-arginine methyl ester when the endothelium was intact did not alter the dose-response curves."	( Effect of the vascular endothelium on norepinephrine-induced contractions in uterine radial arteries from the nonpregnant and pregnant human uterus. Johnson, IR; Steele, SC; Warren, AY, 1993)	0.29
" Four 1-hr C5a dose-response trials were performed (10(-14) M, 10(-12) M, 10(-10) M, and 10(-8) M)."	( Nitric oxide mediates C5a-induced vasodilation in the small intestine. Harris, PD; Luo, HY; Wead, WB; Wilson, MA; Yang, S, 1995)	0.29
" No adverse effects were observed at this dosage of arginine."	( Metabolic effects of arginine in a healthy elderly population. Barbul, A; Hurson, M; Kirk, SJ; Regan, MC; Wasserkrug, HL, )	0.13
" Increasing concentrations (10(-9)-10(-6) M) of the Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBP 3226, to human cerebral vessels caused a parallel and rightward shift in the NPY dose-response curves without any significant change in the maximal contractile response."	( Characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors in human cerebral arteries with selective agonists and the new Y1 antagonist BIBP 3226. Abounader, R; Hamel, E; Villemure, JG, 1995)	0.29
" Male Fischer 344 rats were dosed intratracheally with silica (2."	( Characteristics of the acute-phase pulmonary response to silica in rats. Antonini, JM; DiMatteo, M; Reasor, MJ; Van Dyke, K, 1996)	0.29
" L-NNA resulted in similar twofold leftward shifts in the PE dose-response curves for both groups."	( Contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric microvessels from pregnant rats. Lindheimer, MD; Nalbantian-Brandt, C; Pascoal, IF; Umans, JG, 1995)	0.29
" Left atrial N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), was infused at a dosage of approximately 1 mg."	( Nitric oxide is an important determinant of coronary flow at rest and during hypoxemic stress in fetal lambs. Burson, MA; Lohr, JL; Morton, MJ; Reller, MD; Thornburg, KL, 1995)	0.29
" This protocol was aimed at assessing two sensitive measures of beta-cell dysfunction: the priming effect of glucose on the glucose-insulin secretion rate (ISR) dose-response curve and the ability of oscillatory glucose infusion to entrain insulin secretory oscillations."	( Clinical phenotypes, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in kindreds with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness due to mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene mutation. Blanché, H; Byrne, MM; Clément, K; Fiet, J; Froguel, P; Passa, P; Polonsky, KS; Pueyo, ME; Robert, JJ; Sturis, J; Velho, G; Vionnet, N, 1996)	0.29
"In vitro, prospective, repeated-measures, dose-response study."	( Effect of halothane on phenylephrine-induced vascular smooth muscle contractions in endotoxin-exposed rat aortic rings. Bina, S; Grissom, TE; Hart, J; Muldoon, SM, 1996)	0.29
" Phenylephrine dose-response data (10(-10) to 10(-5) M) were determined for lipopolysaccharide- and nonlipopolysaccharide-treated rings."	( Effect of halothane on phenylephrine-induced vascular smooth muscle contractions in endotoxin-exposed rat aortic rings. Bina, S; Grissom, TE; Hart, J; Muldoon, SM, 1996)	0.29
" The calculated power of the study was between 62% and 80% to detect a 30% to 40% change in area under the dose-response (forearm vascular resistance) curve."	( Dietary supplementation with L-arginine fails to restore endothelial function in forearm resistance arteries of patients with severe heart failure. Bergin, P; Chin-Dusting, JP; Jennings, GL; Kaye, DM; Lefkovits, J; Wong, J, 1996)	0.29
" To this end, dose-response curves to phenylephrine and BaCl2 were studied in the renal vasculature under basal conditions and after the infusion of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded (CHAPS-treated) preparations."	( Modulatory role of endothelium-derived relaxing factors on the response to vasoconstrictors and flow-pressure curve in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Osuna, A; Vargas, F, )	0.13
" We compared survival and total number of tumors at the end of the feeding period to that found in 150 mice given taurine in the same dosage and in 150 mice without treatment."	( Decreased tumor incidence and increased survival by one year oral low dose arginine supplementation in the mouse. Amann, G; Gialamas, J; Hoeger, H; Koller, DY; Kremser, K; Lubec, B, 1996)	0.29
" Urine was collected from all animals for 4 days, and the animals were then dosed ip with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate nitrate synthesis and urine collected for a further 4 days."	( Effect of dietary arginine on urinary nitrate excretion in germ-free rats. Bøckmann, OC; Coates, ME; Granli, T; Ronaasen, V; Rowland, IR, 1996)	0.29
" The norepinephrine dosage was continuously and individually adjusted to achieve the same increase in blood pressure as was observed in a matched sheep of the L-NMMA group."	( Nitric oxide synthase inhibition versus norepinephrine for the treatment of hyperdynamic sepsis in sheep. Booke, M; Hinder, F; McGuire, R; Traber, DL; Traber, LD, 1996)	0.29
" Animals were divided into 5 groups and were daily treated with a mixture of lactose, L-arginine and L-lysine or with the only lactose (control group) at the same dosage as recommended for humans."	( [Role of lactose, arginine and lysine combination in fracture healing (an experimental study)]. Bertoni, F; Cantelli Forti, G; Capelli, S; Fini, M; Giardino, R; Giavaresi, G; Martini, L; Morrone, G; Nicoli Aldini, N; Rocca, M; Rossetti, A; Sapone, A, )	0.13
" The activity of EDHF was evaluated by comparing the dose-response curves for acetylcholine obtained in potassium chloride- and phenylephrine-preconstricted preparations."	( Vascular reactivity and flow-pressure curve in isolated kidneys from rats with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension. Fernández-Rivas, A; Osuna, A; Vargas, F, 1996)	0.29
" The acetylcholine dose-response curve was reduced in control preparations and greatly attenuated in L-NAME-treated preparations when the renal vasculature was preconstricted with potassium chloride."	( Vascular reactivity and flow-pressure curve in isolated kidneys from rats with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension. Fernández-Rivas, A; Osuna, A; Vargas, F, 1996)	0.29
" Vasodilator responses to saline and each amino acid were compared as the area under dose-response curves with single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA)."	( Arginine, lysine and ornithine as vasodilators in the forearm of man. Barr, CS; Rhodes, P; Struthers, AD, 1996)	0.29
" In the controls the phenylephrine dose-response relationship remained unaffected by simultaneous administration of L-NMMA."	( Indirect evidence for stimulation of nitric oxide release by tumour necrosis factor-alpha in human veins in vivo. Haefeli, WE; Linder, L; Simper, D; Strobel, WM, 1995)	0.29
" Increasing concentrations (10(-9) - 10(-6) M) of BIBP 3226 caused a parallel and rightward shift in the neuropeptide Y dose-response curve but did not significantly change the effect of noradrenaline."	( Neuropeptide Y accounts for sympathetic vasoconstriction in guinea-pig vena cava: evidence using BIBP 3226 and 3435. Lundberg, JM; Malmstrom, RE, 1995)	0.29
"4), or L-NAME + L-arginine, quantitative analysis of morphological changes revealed a positive dose-response relationship between L-NAME and neuronal loss."	( Neuronal damage following intraspinal injection of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in the rat. Busto, R; Dietrich, WD; Liu, S; Ruenes, GL; Yezierski, RP, 1996)	0.29
" At the dose given, neither L-ARG nor placebo had any effect on forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to ACh (area under the dose-response curve, before vs."	( Effects of in vivo and in vitro L-arginine supplementation on healthy human vessels. Alexander, CT; Arnold, PJ; Chin-Dusting, JP; Hodgson, WC; Jennings, GL; Lux, AS, 1996)	0.29
" Colorectal cancer was induced in all animals by weekly subcutaneous injections of the colonic procarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight."	( Effect of supplemental L-arginine in a chemical-induced model of colorectal cancer. Anderson, N; Hoper, M; Ma, Q; Rowlands, BJ, 1996)	0.29
" Inflammation did not alter the effects of 7-NI since there was no difference in the dose-response curve between the normal and carrageenan animals."	( Amplification of spinal nociceptive transmission depends on the generation of nitric oxide in normal and carrageenan rats. Dickenson, AH; Misra, C; Stanfa, LC, 1996)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for the three drugs on the inhibition of nitrite accumulation in macrophage cultures were obtained."	( Evidence that nitric oxide inhibits steroidogenesis in cultured rat granulosa cells. Dave, S; Farrance, DP; Whitehead, SA, 1997)	0.3
" L-NMMA coinfusion inhibited responses (area under the dose-response curve) to isoproterenol (0."	( Effects of inhibition of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway on vasodilation caused by beta-adrenergic agonists in human forearm. Chowienczyk, PJ; Dawes, M; Ritter, JM, 1997)	0.3
" There was no clear allele dosage effect present for the development of dyslipoproteinemia or atherosclerosis."	( The apolipoprotein E2 (Arg145Cys) mutation causes autosomal dominant type III hyperlipoproteinemia with incomplete penetrance. Coetzee, GA; de Villiers, WJ; Henderson, HE; Marais, AD; van der Westhuyzen, DR, 1997)	0.3
" L-Arginine was infused at a dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight into the donor pigs (30 min before liver explantation) and also into the recipients (over a period of 3 hr from the beginning of the reperfusion period)."	( Improvement of cardiac output and liver blood flow and reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance by intravenous infusion of L-arginine during the early reperfusion period in pig liver transplantation. Benditte, H; Grünberger, T; Längle, F; Mittlböck, M; Mühlbacher, F; Roth, E; Schindl, M; Soliman, T; Steininger, R; Waldmann, E; Windberger, U, 1997)	0.3
" The dose-response curves obtained with neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and with C-terminal fragments such as neuropeptide Y-(2-26), neuropeptide Y-(13-36) and peptide YY-(3-36) have similar slopes and maxima."	( The dog saphenous vein: a sensitive and selective preparation for the Y2 receptor of neuropeptide Y. Dumont, Y; Fournier, A; Pheng, LH; Quirion, R; Regoli, D, 1997)	0.3
" The time course and dose-response pattern of this effect remain to be elucidated."	( Dose-related effect of intravenous L-arginine on muscular blood flow of the calf in patients with peripheral vascular disease: a H215O positron emission tomography study. Alexander, K; Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Burchert, W; Frölich, JC; Galland, A; Hundeshagen, H; Schellong, SM, 1997)	0.3
" The thrombin inhibitors were given intravenously, and complete concentration- and/or dose-response curves were constructed."	( The importance of enzyme inhibition kinetics for the effect of thrombin inhibitors in a rat model of arterial thrombosis. Deinum, J; Elg, M; Gustafsson, D, 1997)	0.3
" Similarly, the progressive and complete loss of analgesia in CD-1 mice seen with repeated dosing of the delta ligand [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin is not observed in 129/SvEv mice."	( Lack of morphine and enkephalin tolerance in 129/SvEv mice: evidence for a NMDA receptor defect. Jain, S; Kolesnikov, Y; Pasternak, GW; Wilson, R, 1998)	0.3
" Furthermore, 5 microM BIBP-3226, a Y1-receptor antagonist, shifted both dose-response curves to the right in a similar fashion for both peptides."	( Human syncytiotrophoblast NPY receptors are located on BBM and activate PLC-to-PKC axis. Ech-Chadli, H; Lafond, J; Robidoux, J; Simoneau, L; St-Pierre, S, 1998)	0.3
"We investigated the effect of glucose infusion on beta-cell regeneration in rats made mildly diabetic by a single injection of low dosage (35 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ)."	( Pancreatic beta-cell regeneration after 48-h glucose infusion in mildly diabetic rats is not correlated with functional improvement. Bernard, C; Berthault, MF; Ktorza, A; Magnan, C; Pénicaud, L; Portha, B; Pralong, WF; Saulnier, C; Thibault, C, 1998)	0.3
" A linear dose-response relationship was found on the glucose-induced insulin release in case of 3-min stimulation with 4 and 500 mM of glucose (lin-log graph)."	( Dynamic insulin secretion from perifused rat pancreatic islets. Csernus, VJ; Hammer, T; Peschke, D; Peschke, E, 1998)	0.3
" Dose-response curves were constructed in smokers and nonsmokers by infusing bradykinin (1-278 ng/min), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and nitroglycerin (0."	( Endothelial dysfunction in human hand veins is rapidly reversible after smoking cessation. Abiose, AK; Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Hoffman, BB; Moreno, H; Tangphao, O; Urae, A, 1998)	0.3
" Analysis of the argatroban dose-response data with a competitive inhibition model has yielded IC50 values in the low micromolar range."	( No effect of clot age or thrombolysis on argatroban's inhibition of thrombin. Hantgan, RR; Hursting, MJ; Jerome, WG, 1998)	0.3
" However, in renovascular Goldblatt hypertensive rats, the dose-response curves for both NPY and NA were significantly displaced to the left, approximately threefold."	( Increased neuropeptide Y pressor activity in Goldblatt hypertensive rats: in vivo studies with BIBP 3226. Capurro, D; Donoso, V; Huidobro-Toro, JP; Mezzano, V, 1998)	0.3
" The pulmonary vascular bed exhibited a greater sensitivity to the L-NAME-induced pressor effects compared with the systemic arterial bed as the slope of the dose-response curve was steeper (42."	( Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of regional blood flow and metabolism in anaesthetized pigs. Boussairi, H; Hohn, L; Licker, M; Morel, DR, 1998)	0.3
" [Leu31 Pro34]-rNPY (agonist potency: Y1 > Y5 > Y4 = y6) and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) produced flatter dose-response curves, suggesting partial agonism at the receptor(s)."	( Characterisation of the neuropeptide Y receptor that mediates feeding in the rat: a role for the Y5 receptor? Arch, JR; Buckingham, RE; Haynes, AC; McClue, S; Wilson, S, 1998)	0.3
" In normal rats, pancreatic protein and chymotrypsin secretion were stimulated in dose-response fashion after a duodenal instillation of native protamine solution (25, 50 mg in 1 ml)."	( Guanidino group is involved in the stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion by protamine in normal and chronic bile-pancreatic juice-diverted rats. Hara, H; Hira, T; Kasai, T, 1999)	0.3
" The haemodynamics of the corpus cavernosum were not affected by oral L-arginine at the dosage used."	( Effect of oral administration of high-dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunction: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Chen, J; Chernichovsky, T; Iaina, A; Matzkin, H; Sofer, M; Wollman, Y, 1999)	0.3
" Therefore, coadministration of CYP3A4/5 inhibitors should not require a modification in the dosage of argatroban."	( Assessment of the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between erythromycin and argatroban. Benincosa, LJ; Di Cicco, RA; Hursting, MJ; Jorkasky, DK; Peng, L; Sheth, SB; Tran, JQ; Tucci, M, 1999)	0.3
" The next highest dosing group (2."	( Argatroban as a potential anticoagulant in cardiopulmonary bypass-studies in a dog model. Itoh, T; Naitoh, K; Narita, Y; Natsuaki, M; Ohteki, H; Sakai, M, 1999)	0.3
" A reduced dose of the thrombin inhibitor with the standard dose of the antiplatelet drug was the dosing regimen used."	( Clinical experience with combined treatment of thrombin inhibitors and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with HIT. Bakhos, M; Fareed, J; Jeske, WP; Lewis, BE; Leya, F; Walenga, JM; Wallis, DE, 1999)	0.3
" Dialysis of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mmol/l syringe concentration, based upon dose-response data) into the dorsal horn at L6 and S1 failed to attenuate the peak change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) evoked by static contraction (DeltaMAP in mmHg: 57 +/- 5 before and 50 +/- 6 after 2 h of L-NAME)."	( Pressor reflex evoked by static muscle contraction: role of nitric oxide in the dorsal horn. Crews, AD; Engbretson, J; Wilson, LB, 1999)	0.3
" Portal vein rings in BDL rats showed increased maximal tension in response to ET-1, as well as a shift of the dose-response curve to the left as compared with sham-operated animals."	( Endothelin-1 modulates intrahepatic resistance in a rat model of noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Edwards, BS; Kamath, PS; Miller, VM; Rorie, DK; Tyce, GM, 1999)	0.3
" In the control group, the step-wise increasing doses of CCK-8 resulted in a characteristic dose-response curve for the pancreatic volume, protein and amylase secretion (maximal volume, protein and amylase output at 600 ng/kg/30 min of CCK-8: 157 +/- 20."	( Pancreatic secretory responses in L-arginine-induced pancreatitis: comparison of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Czako, L; Hegyi, P; Lonovics, J; Szilvassy, Z; Takacs, T, 1999)	0.3
" In electrophysiological experiments, the arginine 120 lysine (R120K) mutation in the alpha 1 subunit, when co-expressed with beta 2 and gamma 2 subunits in Sf-9 insect cells, induces a 180-fold rightward shift of the GABA dose-response curve compared with wild type alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2s GABAA receptors."	( Arginine residue 120 of the human GABAA receptor alpha 1, subunit is essential for GABA binding and chloride ion current gating. Dekermendjian, K; Liljefors, T; Nielsen, M; Rasmussen, PB; Westh-Hansen, SE; Witt, MR, 1999)	0.3
"5 fold rightward the pressor dose-response curve elicited by exogenous neuropeptide Y, without altering the norepinephrine curve."	( The involvement of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in the blood pressure baroreflex: studies with BIBP 3226 and BIBO 3304. Capurro, D; Huidobro-Toro, JP, 1999)	0.3
" Histamine challenge was performed until a 50% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) occurred and the response was expressed as the provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC(20)) and as the dose-response slope (maximal % fall in FEV(1)/cumulative dose (micromol))."	( Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthma. de Gouw, HW; Sterk, PJ; Twiss, IM; Verbruggen, MB, 1999)	0.3
"Oral L-arginine does not influence airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine as reflected by PC(20), although the dose-response slope is slightly reduced in patients with asthma."	( Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthma. de Gouw, HW; Sterk, PJ; Twiss, IM; Verbruggen, MB, 1999)	0.3
" In ex vivo studies, no changes were seen in lipid peroxide levels following acute dosage with L-arginine."	( Lack of antioxidant activity of the antiatherogenic compound L-arginine. Adams, MR; Celermajer, DS; Phu, CV; Stocker, R, 1999)	0.3
"A total of 37 dose-response experiments with essential amino acids performed with rainbow trout and broiler chicken were re-evaluated with different mathematical approaches: an exponential model, a four-parameter logistic function, the saturation kinetics model and the broken line approach."	( Estimates of essential amino acid requirements from dose-response studies with rainbow trout and broiler chicken: effect of mathematical model. Pack, M; Rodehutscord, M, 1999)	0.3
" Two experiments were carried out to determine whether oral dosing with L-arginine during coccidia infections could influence the associated pathology or the development of the parasites."	( Effects of daily oral doses of L-arginine on coccidiosis infections in chickens. Allen, PC, 1999)	0.3
" Dosing precautions are recommended, however, in patients with hepatic dysfunction."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban: effects of age, gender, and hepatic or renal dysfunction. Hursting, MJ; Swan, SK, 2000)	0.31
" Force of contraction was measured during dose-response testing of combinations of L-arginine and amrinone, milrinone, zaprinast, or sildenafil."	( Interaction of L-arginine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vasodilation of the porcine internal mammary artery. Tom, WL; Wallace, AW, 2000)	0.31
" However, results observed in humans have given rise to controversy regarding the optimal dosage of arginine supplementation and the types of cancer best treated with amino acids."	( [Effects of dietetic supplementation with L-arginine in cancer patients. A review of the literature]. Lima, LA; Novaes, MR, 1999)	0.3
" The recovered amount was proportionate to the dosage and followed the expected kinetics with a half-life of <20 min."	( Pharmacokinetics of argatroban in primates: evidence on endogenous uptake. Ahmad, S; Ahsan, A; Fareed, J; Fu, K; Hoppensteadt, DA; Iqbal, O; Lewis, BE; Walenga, JM; Yang, LH, 2000)	0.31
"01); (3) in the presence of L-arginine (a substrate of NO synthase), a left shift of the ACh dose-response curves was found in control subjects, but not in ADPKD patients; (4) in the presence of the N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an inhibitor of NO synthase), a right shift of the ACh dose-response curve was found in control subjects, but not in ADPKD patients; and (5) endothelium-independent relaxation rate induced with SIN-1 was similar in patients and control subjects."	( Endothelium-dependent relaxation of small resistance vessels is impaired in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Iversen, J; Strandgaard, S; Wang, D, 2000)	0.31
"To evaluate and compare the relationship between dosage and coagulation parameters, as well as safety profiles, of ascending bolus and infusion dosages of argatroban versus heparin in three phase I studies."	( Comparison of anticoagulant effects and safety of argatroban and heparin in healthy subjects. Hursting, MJ; Lambrecht, LJ; St Peter, JV; Swan, SK, 2000)	0.31
" Effect steady state was attained by five or more subjects per dosing group receiving argatroban (5-9) but typically two or fewer subjects per group receiving heparin (0-7)."	( Comparison of anticoagulant effects and safety of argatroban and heparin in healthy subjects. Hursting, MJ; Lambrecht, LJ; St Peter, JV; Swan, SK, 2000)	0.31
" An argatroban dosage of 100 microg/kg bolus plus 3 microg/kg/min infusion for 72 hours was selected for the randomized study in which 82 patients were allocated to argatroban and 45 to heparin (5000 U intravenous bolus, 1000 U/h infusion)."	( Argatroban and alteplase in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the ARGAMI Study. Besse, P; Darius, H; Fels, PW; Fitzgerald, D; Garrigou, D; Müller, E; Puel, J; Simoons, ML; Vahanian, A; Van de Werf, F; Vermeer, F, 2000)	0.31
"Normal rats were orally dosed with L-arginine (300 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 12 days."	( L-arginine modifies free radical production and the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Bolton, C; Scott, GS, 2000)	0.31
" However, for use in prophylaxis of thrombotic diseases such inhibitors should be orally available, must be safe to avoid bleeding complications and should have an appropriate half-life, allowing once or twice daily dosing to maintain adequate antithrombotically effective blood levels."	( Advances in the development of thrombin inhibitors. Hauptmann, J; Steinmetzer, T; Sturzebecher, J, 2001)	0.31
" bolus 10 min prior to trauma (300 mg/kg body weight; n = 10) and a second bolus of the same dosage intraperitoneally 1 h after trauma."	( Role of nitric oxide in the secondary expansion of a cortical brain lesion from cold injury. Baethmann, A; Eriskat, J; Plesnila, N; Rinecker, M; Stoffel, M, 2001)	0.31
" It was found that L-arginine significantly inhibited the increase of MABP and LVW/BW, attenuated the activity of MAPK, increased protein expression of eNOS and MKP-1 and potentiated production of NO in cardiac tissue with the most effective dosage of 150 mg/kg, and these effects of L-arginine could be inhibited by L-NAME."	( [Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy by nitric oxide in renovascular hypertensive rats]. Fu, SG; Gong, SZ; Liu, PQ; Lu, W; Pan, JY; Wang, TH, 2001)	0.31
" We compared spinal versus systemic dose-response to L-NAME, and examined effects of intrathecal arginine on tachyphylaxis."	( Evidence that spinal segmental nitric oxide mediates tachyphylaxis to peripheral local anesthetic nerve block. Berde, CB; DiCanzio, J; Sholas, MG; Wang, C; Wilder, RT; Zurakowski, D, 2001)	0.31
" In HLPs perfused with homologous blood, dose-response curves for the haemodynamic and bronchial effects of PAF (1 - 32 ng) were carried out in the absence or presence of L-NNA (200 microM)."	( Nitric oxide (NO) modulation of PAF-induced cardiopulmonary action: interaction between NO synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathways. Calabrese, R; del Basso, P; Fabi, F; Stati, T, 2001)	0.31
" The dose-response curve of insulin secretion showed a markedly reduced maximum response, but almost normal glucose sensitivity in NSY islets."	( Insulin secretion to glucose as well as nonglucose stimuli is impaired in spontaneously diabetic Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda mice. Babaya, N; Hamada, Y; Ikegami, H; Kawaguchi, Y; Nojima, K; Ogihara, T; Shibata, M; Ueda, H; Yamada, K; Yamato, E, 2001)	0.31
") potentiated the cataleptic response of morphine as shown by a rightward shift in the morphine-log dose-response curve."	( Role of nitric oxide in catalepsy and hyperthermia in morphine-dependent rats. Abou Zeit-Har, MS; Afify, EA; Daabees, TT; Gabra, BH, 2001)	0.31
" To confirm the lack of antibodies in argatroban-treated patients with HIT, we examined plasma for anticoagulant-altering activity and reviewed dosing patterns of re-exposed patients."	( Argatroban therapy does not generate antibodies that alter its anticoagulant activity in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ahmad, S; Hoppensteadt, D; Hursting, MJ; Iqbal, O; Lewis, BE; Walenga, JM, 2002)	0.31
" In practice, argatroban coadministered with these frequently prescribed drugs should require no dosage adjustments."	( Investigation of the interaction between argatroban and acetaminophen, lidocaine, or digoxin. DiCicco, RA; Graham, AM; Hursting, MJ; Inglis, AM; Sheth, SB; Tenero, DM, 2002)	0.31
" Cell viability, tetrazolium dye (MTT) reduction and oxygen uptake were significantly reduced in villus tip cells from rats dosed with the drug."	( Indomethacin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in villus enterocytes. Balasubramanian, KA; Basivireddy, J; Jacob, M; Vasudevan, A, 2002)	0.31
" L-Arginine increased activation in a dose-response manner."	( Activation of muscle satellite cells in single-fiber cultures. Anderson, J; Pilipowicz, O, 2002)	0.31
" However, optimal dosing regimens have not been established in all cases."	( Antithrombotic drugs for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Jeske, WP; Walenga, JM, 2002)	0.31
" The main attributes of this synthetic drug are its rapid onset of anti-thrombin action, the rapid reversibility of its anticoagulant effect, potent inhibition of clot-bound thrombin, the absence of antibody formation and no need for dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment."	( [Experimental and clinical results with the thrombin inhibitor Argatroban]. Breddin, HK, 2002)	0.31
" Argatroban dosage at 350 microg/kg intravenous slow bolus followed by 25 microg/kg/min infusion was adequate to perform PTCA and stenting procedures."	( Monitoring of argatroban in ARG310 study: potential recommendations for its use in interventional cardiology. Ahmad, S; Fareed, J; Iqbal, O; Lewis, BE; Rangel, Y; Walenga, JM, 2002)	0.31
" Side effects were recorded after single application and also after repeated dosing for three days."	( Topical L-arginine gel lowers resting anal pressure: possible treatment for anal fissure. Acheson, AG; Briel, JW; Griffin, N; Gruss, HJ; Jonas, M; Neal, K; Scholefield, JH; Schouten, WR; Zimmerman, DD, 2002)	0.31
" In this report, we describe a woman with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome who developed extensive pulmonary embolism despite receiving a proven therapeutic dosage of low molecular weight heparin."	( Low-molecular weight heparin: treatment failure in a patient with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Ahmed, S; Karim, A; Mattana, J; Patel, D; Siddiqui, R, 2002)	0.31
" Toxicity, dosage considerations, and contraindications are also reviewed."	( Arginine: Clinical potential of a semi-essential amino acid.. Appleton, J, 2002)	0.31
"Ethanol (70% v/v)-induced gastric mucosal injury after orogastric dosing was quantitated at 30 min and GMBF determined in an ex vivo gastric chamber preparation."	( Somatostatin-induced gastric protection against ethanol: involvement of nitric oxide and effects on gastric mucosal blood flow. Ancha, H; Harty, RF; Ojeas, H; Tedesco, D; Ward, A, 2003)	0.32
" Alternate agents such as the direct thrombin inhibitors (hirudin and argatroban) are available, but careful dosing and monitoring of the anticoagulant effect are required."	( Alternative methods of anticoagulation for dialysis-dependent patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Kovalik, EC; O'Shea, SI; Ortel, TL, )	0.13
" These results show that, at these dosage levels, provision of substrate for NO production or provision of an NO donor were beneficial to the recovery of myocardial and pulmonary vascular function."	( Effect of L-arginine or nitroglycerine during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonatal lambs. Hatsuoka, S; Mayer, JE; Nagashima, M; Sakamoto, T; Stock, UA, 2003)	0.32
" Is established, that the dosage of arginin chloride 300 mg/kg of body weight at in 24 hours after sublimate introduction decreases the kidneys damage and expression of retention azotemia."	( [Influence of arginine on the renal functional condition of rats in sublimate nephropathy]. Fedoruk, OS; Hozhenko, AI; Pohorila, IV, 2002)	0.31
" The dose-response (3 or 4 g/kg) and time-effect (0."	( NF-kappaB activation is detrimental in arginine-induced acute pancreatitis. Boros, I; Duda, E; Hegyi, P; Jármay, K; Kaszaki, J; Lonovics, J; Mándi, Y; Rakonczay, Z; Takács, T, 2003)	0.32
"For biotherapeutic agents, there is a lack of information on dose-response relationships and mechanism of action."	( Dose-response relationship and mechanism of action of Saccharomyces boulardii in castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats. Gillardin, JM; Girard, P; Lorette, I; Pansart, Y, 2003)	0.32
" The main attributes of this synthetic drug are its rapid onset of anti-thrombin action, rapid reversibility of its anticoagulant effect, potent inhibition of clot-bound thrombin, absence of antibody formation and no need for initial dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment."	( An overview of the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban. Walenga, JM, 2002)	0.31
" The main attributes of argatroban are its rapid onset of action, fast reversibility of its anticoagulant effect, inhibition of clot-bound thrombin, easily monitored by the aPTT and ACT and no dosage adjustment in renal-impaired individuals."	( Argatroban in HIT type II and acute coronary syndrome. Lewis, BE; Walenga, JM, 2002)	0.31
" Argatroban does not generate any neutralizing or non-neutralizing antibodies and, therefore, it does not require any dosage adjustment during the course of therapy as other thrombin inhibitors require."	( Practical issues in the development of argatroban: a perspective. Fareed, J; Hoppensteadt, D; Iqbal, O; Lewis, BE; Tobu, M, 2002)	0.31
" Additional studies are needed to determine minimum effective dosage and interval, what proportion of patients respond, and whether the agent can prevent neurologic degeneration."	( Biochemical effect of intravenous arginine butyrate in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Aron, A; McGovern, MM; Perrine, SP; Wasserstein, MP, 2003)	0.32
"To retrospectively evaluate clinical experiences with argatroban dosing, particularly incremental dosage adjustments, during a clinical trial of argatroban anticoagulation in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)."	( Argatroban dosing in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hursting, MJ; Verme-Gibboney, CN, )	0.13
"Records of 304 patients with HIT administered argatroban during a prospective study were reviewed to determine each dose, incremental dosage adjustment, and duration of therapy."	( Argatroban dosing in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hursting, MJ; Verme-Gibboney, CN, )	0.13
"Based on this clinical experience, together with the established linear pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban, appropriate dosage increments may be proposed for argatroban-treated patients with HIT."	( Argatroban dosing in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hursting, MJ; Verme-Gibboney, CN, )	0.13
" During the second month, patients were additionally supplemented with 40 mg Pycnogenol two times per day; during the third month, the daily dosage was increased to three 40-mg Pycnogenol tablets."	( Treatment of erectile dysfunction with pycnogenol and L-arginine. Nikolova, V; Stanislavov, R, )	0.13
" Dosing in these patients requires very careful management."	( Argatroban for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in hepato-renal failure and CVVHD. Dager, WE; White, RH, 2003)	0.32
" The available data, as well as our report, suggest that dosing adjustment during hemodialysis may not be necessary in patients without associated hepatic dysfunction."	( Decreased argatroban clearance unaffected by hemodialysis in anasarca. de Denus, S; Spinler, SA, 2003)	0.32
" Future studies of L-arginine in conjunction with chronic continuous ISMN dosing are warranted."	( Interactions of L-arginine, isosorbide mononitrate, and angiotensin II inhibitors on arterial pulse wave. Barin, ES; Gilfillan, KL; Kaesemeyer, WH; Stokes, GS, 2003)	0.32
" A dose of SNP at 1 mM exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the formation of PB1, but without effect on the number of atypical oocytes compared with control, while, this SNP dosage not only inhibited the oocyte PB1 formation but also increased the percentage of dead oocytes in DOs."	( Dual effects of nitric oxide on meiotic maturation of mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes in vitro. Bu, S; Lei, L; Tao, Y; Xia, G; Zhou, B, 2003)	0.32
" As scheduled sexual activities are not preferred by the majority of couples, the future of ED-therapy will focus on drugs with a 1-2 day long efficacy window, or a daily bedtime application of low dosage agents which result in nocturnal reoxygenation of the cavernous bodies and in turn in functional improvement."	( [Therapy of erectile dysfunction in 2005]. Porst, H, 2003)	0.32
" GH secretion was monitored by sampling blood every 10 min for 6 h; chemiluminescence assay of GH concentrations; deconvolution analysis of stimulated GH release; and nonlinear dose-response reconstruction."	( Estradiol supplementation enhances submaximal feed-forward drive of growth hormone (GH) secretion by recombinant human GH-releasing hormone-1,44-amide in a putatively somatostatin-withdrawn milieu. Bowers, CY; Evans, WS; Veldhuis, JD, 2003)	0.32
" Compared with the control, the sperm density increased significantly at the dosage of 557."	( [Effects of jing'an capsule on rat sperm quality]. Chen, TJ; Fan, RQ; Wei, Q; Yang, XF; Zhao, XL; Zhu, W, 2003)	0.32
"A low dosage of Jing'an capsule might ameliorate the quality of sperm, while a high dosage could do damage to sperm."	( [Effects of jing'an capsule on rat sperm quality]. Chen, TJ; Fan, RQ; Wei, Q; Yang, XF; Zhao, XL; Zhu, W, 2003)	0.32
" Most of these studies assayed changes in GABA dose-response curves, which are macroscopic measures that depend on the interplay of many processes and cannot resolve individual microscopic transitions."	( An arginine involved in GABA binding and unbinding but not gating of the GABA(A) receptor. Czajkowski, C; Jones, MV; Wagner, DA, 2004)	0.32
" The end-points used to assess toxicity were the red blood cell lysis assay and uptake of the vital dye neutral red 24h after dosing (NRU), respectively."	( Assessment of primary eye and skin irritants by in vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity models: an in vitro approach of new arginine-based surfactant-induced irritation. Benavides, T; Clapés, P; Clothier, RH; Infante, MR; Martínez, V; Mitjans, M; Vinardell, MP, 2004)	0.32
" Histologic assessments of the pancreas conducted at the end of the 4-week dosing period were unremarkable."	( Evaluation of the long-term pancreatic effects of constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibition in dogs. Bell, RR; Janssen, D; Khan, KN; Kolaja, KL; Manning, PT; Schlosser, MJ, 2004)	0.32
"To demonstrate dosing adjustment difficulties of argatroban encountered in critically ill patients with acute liver dysfunction who are receiving continuous renal replacement therapy."	( Argatroban dosing in intensive care patients with acute renal failure and liver dysfunction. Albert, M; Boulanger, I; Grégoire, G; Tardif, M; Williamson, DR, 2004)	0.32
"Argatroban was started at the usual dosage of 2 microg/kg/minute, which resulted in significant overshooting of the aPTT and international normalized ratio (INR)."	( Argatroban dosing in intensive care patients with acute renal failure and liver dysfunction. Albert, M; Boulanger, I; Grégoire, G; Tardif, M; Williamson, DR, 2004)	0.32
" However, in all patients with suspected liver dysfunction due to recent elevation of liver transaminase levels and combined renal failure, a decrease in the initial dosage and careful titration of the infusion are mandatory."	( Argatroban dosing in intensive care patients with acute renal failure and liver dysfunction. Albert, M; Boulanger, I; Grégoire, G; Tardif, M; Williamson, DR, 2004)	0.32
"Coagulability related to CPB was controlled by the appropriate ARG dosage without the use of heparin in dogs."	( Heparinless cardiopulmonary bypass with argatroban in dogs. Itoh, T; Naito, K; Natsuaki, M; Ohtsubo, S; Okazaki, Y; Rikitake, K, 2004)	0.32
" For this purpose, 16 healthy young volunteers were randomly divided to ingest in a double-blind fashion either creatine monohydrate or placebo (maltodextrine) at a dosage of 20 g/day for the first week (loading phase) and 5 g/day for 19 subsequent wk (maintenance phase)."	( Plasma guanidino compounds are altered by oral creatine supplementation in healthy humans. De Deyn, PP; Derave, W; Eijnde, BO; Hespel, P; Marescau, B; Vanden Eede, E, 2004)	0.32
"0 microg/kg/min ARG (days 1, 3, 4 and 5) before initiation of either PC or AC (day 1) and during continued VKA dosing (target INR 2-3)."	( Transition from argatroban to oral anticoagulation with phenprocoumon or acenocoumarol: effects on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and Ecarin Clotting Time. Breddin, HK; Graff, J; Harder, S; Klinkhardt, U; Osakabe, M; von Hentig, N; Walenga, JM; Watanabe, H, 2004)	0.32
" DDAH activity had a decreasing dose-response relationship with increasing L-homocysteine concentrations."	( Homocysteine increases the production of asymmetric dimethylarginine in cultured neurons. Selley, ML, 2004)	0.32
" (Tokyo, Japan) during a dosing study with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of L-arginine in rats. Hatayama, K; Kimura, T; Mawatari, K; Smriga, M; Tsubuku, S, )	0.13
"We investigated the dose-response relationship of protection by creatine against ischemic damage, and we asked whether or not such protection may be observed in invertebrate neurons that might provide a simpler experimental model."	( Seasonal differences and protection by creatine or arginine pretreatment in ischemia of mammalian and molluscan neurons in vitro. Balestrino, M; Ratushniak, AS; Simonova, OG; Zapara, TA; Zharkikh, AA, 2004)	0.32
" Optimal dosing regimens for argatroban, lepirudin, and bivalirudin should be further established in PCI patients."	( Percutaneous interventions in patients with immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Dangas, GD; Nikolsky, E, 2004)	0.32
" We found that they presented the same features, such as total dependence of inositol phosphate production to Galpha(q) expression, single affinity of binding sites, insensitivity of binding to non-hydrolyzable GTP, absence of GTPgamma[S(35)] binding following agonist stimulation, similarity of dose-response curves for amylase secretion, and incapacity to induce acute pancreatitis in pancreatic acini."	( Molecular mechanism underlying partial and full agonism mediated by the human cholecystokinin-1 receptor. Archer-Lahlou, E; Clerc, P; Dufresne, M; Escrieut, C; Fourmy, D; Kopin, A; Logsdon, C; Maigret, B; Martinez, J; Moroder, L; Pradayrol, L; Seva, C, 2005)	0.33
" Compared with the model group, the concentration of Glu in the middle and large dosage groups of TGF, during the 120 min of ischemia, reduced by 38."	( [Effects of tianma gouteng fang on transmitter amino acids in the hippocampus extracellular liquids in freely moving rats subjected to brain ischemia]. Du, GY; Sun, XF; Wang, DQ; Wang, W; Ye, ZG; Zhang, CY; Zhao, DZ, 2004)	0.32
" Dose-response assays indicated that the inhibitory effect of supplemental L-methionine was stronger than that of supplemental L-arginine."	( Ornithine decarboxylase activity is inhibited by the polyamine precursor amino acids at the protein stability level in Caco-2 cells. Aubel, C; Brachet, P; Carraro, V; Chabanon, H; Larvaron, P; Villard, C, 2005)	0.33
" Intraperitoneal injection of 20% water solution of L-arginine in dosage 200 mg per 100 g of an animal body mass have had aggravated an acute pancreatitis course; intravenous injection of 1% water solution of methylene blue in dosage 1 mg per 100 g of an animal body mass caused pancreatoprotective effect."	( [Role of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis of acute experimental pancreatitis]. Fedorovich, AA; Krivoruchko, IA, 2005)	0.33
" Previous reports regarding the use of argatroban and other nonheparin anticoagulants for anticoagulation are reviewed and suggestions regarding argatroban dosing in infants are presented."	( Argatroban for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in an infant. Dyke, PC; Mureebe, L; Russo, J; Russo, P; Tobias, JD, 2005)	0.33
"These results confirm the implication of NO in the anti-angiogenic mechanism of X-rays and describe the dose-response pattern of NO involvement in this action."	( Irradiation dose-response effects on angiogenesis and involvement of nitric oxide. Hadjimichael, C; Kardamakis, D; Papaioannou, S, )	0.13
" Rats, fasted overnight, were dosed with indomethacin (20 mg/kg) by gavage and sacrificed 24 h later."	( Indomethacin induces free radical-mediated changes in renal brush border membranes. Balasubramanian, KA; Basivireddy, J; Jacob, M, 2005)	0.33
" The chronic intake of arginine asparate during four weeks by male endurance athletes showed independent of dosage no influence on performance, selected metabolic or endocrine parameters."	( Influence of chronic supplementation of arginine aspartate in endurance athletes on performance and substrate metabolism - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Abel, T; Eser, P; Knecht, H; Knechtle, B; Perret, C; von Arx, P, 2005)	0.33
" Our work provides a revised genetic map of IP metabolism in yeast and evidence for dosage compensation between IPs and PP-IPs downstream of I(1,4,5)P3 in the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic processes."	( Molecular definition of a novel inositol polyphosphate metabolic pathway initiated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bastidas, RJ; Seeds, AM; York, JD, 2005)	0.33
" Despite the low number of patients argatroban seems to lead to a more stable anticoagulant response than lepirudin resulting in a lower variability of the dosage for prophylaxis or treatment of thromboembolism of patients with a history of HIT and lepirudin antibodies."	( Treatment of patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and anti-lepirudin antibodies with argatroban. Fenyvesi, T; Harenberg, J; Ingrid, J; Job, H; Jörg, I; Lukas, P; Piazolo, L; Tivadar, F, 2005)	0.33
" Peritransitional INRs, aPTTs, anticoagulant dosing patterns, and outcomes were evaluated in 165 HIT patients who were transitioned, without guidelines, from argatroban to warfarin therapy."	( Transitioning from argatroban to warfarin therapy in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hursting, MJ; Lewis, BE; Macfarlane, DE, 2005)	0.33
" Outcomes, safety, and dosing information were summarized."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requiring renal replacement therapy. Grossman, EJ; Hursting, MJ; Murray, PT; Reddy, BV; Trevino, SA, 2005)	0.33
" Current dosing recommendations are adequate for these patients."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requiring renal replacement therapy. Grossman, EJ; Hursting, MJ; Murray, PT; Reddy, BV; Trevino, SA, 2005)	0.33
" Low-molecular-weight heparins, available in the last 20 years, are manufactured from unfractionated heparin and have superior dose-response relationships because of fewer nonspecific reactions with plasma proteins and cells."	( Heparin and other rapidly acting anticoagulants. Hyers, TM, 2005)	0.33
" Argatroban and lepirudin dosing and pharmacokinetics have not yet been established for young children."	( Argatroban and lepirudin requirements in a 6-year-old patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hallisey, RK; John, TE, 2005)	0.33
" Excessive dosage should be avoided to prevent a rise of the mortality."	( [Comparative study on the influence of arginine hydrochloride and arginine acetate on the immune function and acid-base balance in rabbits with severe burns]. Liu, J; Peng, X; Wang, P; Wang, SL; Yan, H; You, ZY; Zhou, X, 2005)	0.33
"Patients were assessed for dosage and duration of argatroban or lepirudin therapy, HIT diagnostic tests, and clinically significant adverse events."	( Evaluation of diagnostic tests and argatroban or lepirudin therapy in patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Fish, DN; Jung, R; Kiser, TH; MacLaren, R, 2005)	0.33
" The authors conducted a literature analysis to characterize the uses, dosing patterns, and safety of argatroban anticoagulation in pediatric patients."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in pediatric patients: a literature analysis. Dubb, J; Hursting, MJ; Verme-Gibboney, CN, 2006)	0.33
" This pilot study provided data for safety, for power calculation and for dosing for the larger definitive trial that is now underway."	( A pilot study of L-arginine supplementation on functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease. Cooke, JP; Giacomini, JC; Oka, RK; Szuba, A, 2005)	0.33
"We evaluated the dosing requirements in argatroban-treated patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and hepatic dysfunction, and compared efficacy and safety outcomes with historical control patients."	( Argatroban therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with hepatic dysfunction. Hursting, MJ; Levine, RL; McCollum, D, 2006)	0.33
" Argatroban, with proper initial dosing and monitoring, can provide safe and effective antithrombotic therapy in patients with HIT and hepatic impairment."	( Argatroban therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with hepatic dysfunction. Hursting, MJ; Levine, RL; McCollum, D, 2006)	0.33
" Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges include frequency of thrombocytopenia after cardiopulmonary bypass, imperfect laboratory testing, lack of established dosing of alternative anticoagulants (such as argatroban and lepirudin), and increased anticoagulant-related bleeding in young children."	( Recognition and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass patients. Boshkov, LK; Kirby, A; Shen, I; Ungerleider, RM, 2006)	0.33
" Hemodynamic and metabolic variables and dosage of vasopressor medications were recorded for the first 12 hours of intensive care unit admission after cardiac surgery on an electronic patient record."	( Gene polymorphism and requirement for vasopressor infusion after cardiac surgery. Duggan, E; Kelleher, D; McGovern, E; McManus, R; O'Dwyer, MJ; Ryan, AW; Ryan, R; Ryan, T; Thornton, J, 2006)	0.33
" Genetic removal of the enzymes that catalyze DNA methylation results in defective imprinting, transposon silencing, X chromosome dosage compensation, and genome stability."	( Control of the DNA methylation system component MBD2 by protein arginine methylation. Nakielny, S; Tan, CP, 2006)	0.33
" D-Asp level was dosed by an enzymatic method performed on boar testis extracts and was 40+/-3."	( D-Aspartic acid and nitric oxide as regulators of androgen production in boar testis. Assisi, L; Botte, V; Di Fiore, MM; Lamanna, C; Vittoria, A, 2007)	0.34
" We retrospectively evaluated the effect of renal function on argatroban therapy in HIT patients with normal hepatic function, with the goal of refining dosing guidance, if needed."	( Effect of renal function on argatroban therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Guzzi, LM; Hursting, MJ; McCollum, DA, 2006)	0.33
"We retrospectively evaluated the effect of renal function on argatroban therapy in HIT patients with normal hepatic function, with the goal of refining current dosing guidance, if needed."	( Effect of renal function on argatroban therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Guzzi, LM; Hursting, MJ; McCollum, DA, 2006)	0.33
" This 15-g dosage was as well tolerated as the placebo and was associated with no significant changes in gastric emptying patterns."	( Effects of intragastric L-arginine administration on proximal stomach tone under basal conditions and after an intragastric diet. Bouin, M; Déchelotte, P; Denis, P; Ducrotté, P; Jemaa, Y; Morcamp, P; Mosni, G; Savoye, G; Savoye-Collet, C, 2006)	0.33
" In this article, the recognition and treatment of HIT is discussed, and a practical dosing protocol for argatroban therapy that has been developed and used successfully by the nurses and physicians at Holy Cross Hospital in Ft."	( Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a practical argatroban dosing protocol for nurses. Cypher, S, )	0.13
" Further evaluation with MLPA showed the patient had a normal dosage for both copies of the ABCA4 gene, thus suggesting partial paternal isodisomy but not a maternal microdeletion."	( Partial paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 1 in a patient with Stargardt disease. Aguirre-Lamban, J; Ayuso, C; Cantalapiedra, D; Lorda-Sanchez, I; Ramos, C; Riveiro-Alvarez, R; Trujillo-Tiebas, MJ; Vallespin, E; Valverde, D, 2007)	0.34
"Therapeutic or pharmacologic doses of arginine are used to enhance blood flow and immune function despite the lack of dose-response studies and the potential for adverse effects."	( Pharmacologic levels of dietary arginine in CB6F1 mice increase serum ammonia in the healthy state and serum nitrite in endotoxemia. Herrlinger-Garcia, KA; Langkamp-Henken, B; Nieves, C; Sitren, HS, )	0.13
" This analysis focused on patient characteristics, type of surgery, argatroban dosing schedule, monitoring of anticoagulation and outcomes."	( Argatroban for anticoagulation during cardiac surgery. Kloecker, GH; Laber, DA; Martin, ME, 2007)	0.34
" Recent data indicate that the approved dosing regimens of the direct thrombin inhibitors are too high, especially in ICU patients."	( Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in intensive care patients. Greinacher, A; Selleng, K; Warkentin, TE, 2007)	0.34
"Despite long-term use of argatroban in clinical practice, no dosing recommendations exist for critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) and suspected or proven heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in critically ill patients. Beiderlinden, M; Görlinger, K; Peters, J; Treschan, TA, 2007)	0.34
" Adverse effects seemed dependent on the dosage regime and disappeared if divided doses were ingested (unlike lactitol)."	( Adverse gastrointestinal effects of arginine and related amino acids. Grimble, GK, 2007)	0.34
" Treatment was started with 40 mg, followed by a dosage increase to 80 mg after 4 weeks."	( Effects of short term atorvastatin treatment on cerebral hemodynamics in CADASIL. Dichgans, M; Freilinger, T; Opherk, C; Peters, N; Pfefferkorn, T, 2007)	0.34
" In the first step, amino acids are continuously dosed from an infinite volume reservoir by electromigration to the column, where a sharp, stationary neutralization reaction boundary (NRB) is created in between acidic and basic primary electrolyte."	( Analysis of amino acids by combination of carrier ampholyte-free IEF with ITP. Glovinová, E; Pospíchal, J; Procházková, B, 2007)	0.34
" It has demonstrated strong antiviral activity in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 HCV when dosed alone or in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a."	( Phenotypic and structural analyses of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease Arg155 variants: sensitivity to telaprevir (VX-950) and interferon alpha. Bartels, DJ; Brennan, DL; Hanzelka, BL; Kwong, AD; Lin, C; Müh, U; Rao, BG; Swenson, L; Tigges, AM; Wei, Y; Zhou, Y, 2007)	0.34
" Argatroban dosage patterns, aPTTs and platelet count responses, and 37-day outcomes (death, amputation, new thrombosis, major bleeding) were summarised for patients stratified by age (65-74 years [n = 31]; 75-84 years [n = 26]; >/=85 years [n = 5]) to identify possible age-related trends."	( Argatroban anticoagulation for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in elderly patients. Bartholomew, JR; Hursting, MJ; Pietrangeli, CE, 2007)	0.34
" Therefore, when dosed at < or = 15 mg/kg, CPP is a promising transporter for enhancing PMO delivery in therapeutic settings."	( Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, stability and toxicity of a cell-penetrating peptide-morpholino oligomer conjugate. Amantana, A; Cate, ML; Hassinger, JN; Iversen, PL; Moulton, HM; Reddy, MT; Whitehead, T; Youngblood, DS, )	0.13
" We hypothesize that, by inhibiting nNOS and reducing NO levels, ADMA may decrease mu-opiate receptor constitutive activity, resulting in alteration of the analgesic dose-response curve of morphine."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)--a modulator of nociception in opiate tolerance and addiction? Galloway, GP; Kielstein, A; Mendelson, JE; Tsikas, D, 2007)	0.34
"In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study, 20 healthy volunteers received six different dosing regimes of placebo, citrulline, and arginine."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Böger, RH; Freese, R; Jambrecina, A; Jung, D; Lukacs, Z; Maas, R; Schulze, F; Schwedhelm, E; Spickler, W, 2008)	0.35
" A dose-dependent reduction in body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice is seen following daily dosing for 14 days."	( A novel long-acting selective neuropeptide Y2 receptor polyethylene glycol-conjugated peptide agonist reduces food intake and body weight and improves glucose metabolism in rodents. Buckholz, TM; Claus, TH; DeCarr, LB; Livingston, JN; Lumb, KJ; Mahle, CD; Mays, MR; Milardo, LF; Ortiz, AA, 2007)	0.34
"Argatroban can be used effectively and safely to manage HIT in females, with dosing requirements, aPTT responses, and clinical outcomes comparable to those in men."	( Argatroban therapy in women with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Anglade, E; Baron, SJ; Hursting, MJ; Jang, IK, )	0.13
" It is widely believed that no dosage adjustment is required in patients with renal insufficiency, making it a preferred agent in patients on renal replacement therapy (Reddy and Grossman, Ann Pharm 2005;39:1601-1605)."	( Prolonged half-life of argatroban in patients with renal dysfunction and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome being treated for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Athar, U; Gajra, A; Hudson, J; Husain, J; Lynch, J, 2008)	0.35
" DTIs have antiplatelet effects, anticoagulant action, and most do not bind to plasma proteins, thereby providing a more consistent dose-response effect than UFH."	( Anticoagulation for acute coronary syndromes: from heparin to direct thrombin inhibitors. Lepor, NE, 2007)	0.34
" Although mutations in p190rhogap enhance dendritic regression resulting from decreased Arg levels, reducing gene dosage of the Rho effector ROCKII can suppress the dendritic regression observed in arg-/- mice."	( Inhibition of Rho via Arg and p190RhoGAP in the postnatal mouse hippocampus regulates dendritic spine maturation, synapse and dendrite stability, and behavior. Bradley, WD; Eisman, A; Gourley, SL; Greer, CA; Koleske, AJ; Scheetz, AJ; Settleman, J; Sfakianos, MK; Taylor, JR; Williamson, A, 2007)	0.34
" Using a physiologic inducer, such as the amino acid l-arginine, to control heterologous transgenes in a seamless manner which is devoid of noticeable metabolic interference will foster novel opportunities for precise expression dosing in future gene therapy scenarios as well as the manufacturing of difficult-to-produce protein pharmaceuticals."	( An engineered L-arginine sensor of Chlamydia pneumoniae enables arginine-adjustable transcription control in mammalian cells and mice. Daoud-El Baba, M; Fussenegger, M; Hartenbach, S; Weber, W, 2007)	0.34
"In a retrospective review of 10 patients with known or suspected HIT over a two-year period, medical records were evaluated for baseline laboratory results, treatment selection, initial dosing and monitoring, discontinuation of heparin, and alternative therapies chosen."	( Standardizing the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Chiappe, J; Fugate, S, 2008)	0.35
"To characterize dosing requirements, aPTTs, factors affecting dosage, and clinical outcomes in patients administered argatroban after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery."	( Reduced argatroban doses after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Czyz, Y; Hoffman, WD; Hursting, MJ; McCollum, DA, 2008)	0.35
" Patient characteristics, argatroban dosing information, aPTTs (target range 45-90 sec), and outcomes were summarized."	( Reduced argatroban doses after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Czyz, Y; Hoffman, WD; Hursting, MJ; McCollum, DA, 2008)	0.35
"Patient features, argatroban dosing patterns, and aPTTs were similar among groups."	( Reduced argatroban doses after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Czyz, Y; Hoffman, WD; Hursting, MJ; McCollum, DA, 2008)	0.35
" Prospective study of reduced initial dosing in this setting is warranted."	( Reduced argatroban doses after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Czyz, Y; Hoffman, WD; Hursting, MJ; McCollum, DA, 2008)	0.35
"Acute physiologic changes after bypass graft surgery may temporarily result in reduced drug elimination and dosing requirements for the desired effect."	( Considerations for drug dosing post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Dager, WE, 2008)	0.35
" Important drug-specific limitations and dosing and monitoring guidelines must be respected for patient safety."	( The laboratory diagnosis and clinical management of patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: an update. Prechel, M; Walenga, JM, 2008)	0.35
" Effect of plasmid dosage on the transfection efficiency showed the highest transfection efficiency was obtained at 4microg/well for HEK 293 cells and 6microg/well for COS-7 cells."	( Arginine-chitosan/DNA self-assemble nanoparticles for gene delivery: In vitro characteristics and transfection efficiency. Chen, L; Chen, S; Gao, Y; Gu, W; Li, Y; Xu, Z, 2008)	0.35
" Aspirin, a widely used anti-thrombotic drug, achieved comparable activity in this model system at a dosage of ca."	( Synthesis, nano-scale assembly, and in vivo anti-thrombotic activity of novel short peptides containing L-Arg and L-Asp or L-Glu. Chen, Y; Cui, G; Lee, KH; Morris-Natschke, S; Peng, S; Qian, K; Wang, C; Zhao, M, 2008)	0.35
"The rats implanted with 9L gliosarcoma were dosed orally with hydroxyurea and L-arginine."	( Increase in brain tumor permeability in glioma-bearing rats with nitric oxide donors. Black, KL; Espinoza, AJ; Hu, J; Irvin, DK; Ko, MK; Konda, BM; Ong, JM; Sacapano, MR; Shu, Y; Wang, X; Yin, D, 2008)	0.35
" This literature analysis aimed to determine the effects of renal function on argatroban pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and its therapeutic dose in HIT and to evaluate argatroban dosing and safety during renal replacement therapy (RRT) and in adults with renal dysfunction undergoing surgical or invasive procedures."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in renal dysfunction: a literature analysis. Hursting, MJ; Murray, PT, 2008)	0.35
"We retrospectively evaluated argatroban dosing patterns, clinical outcomes, and the effects of heart failure and multiple organ system failure on dosing requirements in 65 adult, intensive care patients administered argatroban anticoagulation for clinically suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (n=56) or history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (n=9)."	( Argatroban anticoagulation in intensive care patients: effects of heart failure and multiple organ system failure. Baghdasarian, SB; Bartholomew, JR; Begelman, SM; Hursting, MJ; Militello, MA; Singh, IM, )	0.13
" The drug requires no dosage adjustments for age, sex, or renal impairment, including in dialysis-dependent patients."	( Treatment of intracardiac thrombi with argatroban. Janssens, U; Kroner, S; Lejczyk, J; Niedeggen, A; Reith, S; Stortz, C, 2008)	0.35
" The diet was randomly supplemented with keto-amino acids at a dosage of 100 mg/kg BW per day (66 patients, Group I); 65 patients received placebo (Group II)."	( Reduction of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine in obese patients with chronic kidney disease after three years of a low-protein diet supplemented with keto-amino acids: a randomized controlled trial. Hanzal, V; Malý, J; Mareckova, O; Racek, J; Schück, O; Stollova, M; Teplan, V, 2008)	0.35
" MATLAB simulations of dosing schedules for use in future studies predicted that 12 g given over 6, 8, or 12 h will provide concentrations above the K(m) of endothelial cell CAT-1 transporters in 90%, 75%, and 60% of patients, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria. Anstey, NM; Duffull, SB; Gitawati, R; Kenangalem, E; Lampah, DA; McNeil, YR; Price, RN; Rooslamiati, I; Tjitra, E; Yeo, TW, 2008)	0.35
"We retrospectively evaluated dosing patterns and 37-day outcomes in argatroban-treated African American (n = 52), Asian (n = 13), and Hispanic (n = 14) patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)."	( Dosing patterns and outcomes in African American, Asian, and Hispanic patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia treated with argatroban. Hursting, MJ; Jang, IK, 2009)	0.35
" An argatroban infusion was started at 2 microg/kg/minute during her 33rd week of pregnancy, with the dosage titrated based on the activated partial thromboplastin time; infusion rates ranged from 2-8 microg/kg/minute."	( Successful use of argatroban during the third trimester of pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Al-Mondhiry, HA; Ambrose, A; Botti, JJ; Vaida, SJ; Young, SK, 2008)	0.35
" These predictors identify decreased argatroban dosing requirements resulting in effective and safe CRRT."	( Argatroban for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy. Böhm, M; Girndt, M; Link, A; Mathes, A; Rensing, H; Selejan, S, 2009)	0.35
" Reduced accumulation of Hg2+ in mice dosed with L-arginine was probably related to greater NO production and NO-MTs interactions."	( L-arginine reduces mercury accumulation in thymus of mercury-exposed mice: role of nitric oxide synthase activity and metallothioneins. Bonacucina, V; Bracci, M; Malavolta, M; Mocchegiani, E; Santarelli, L; Tomasetti, M, 2008)	0.35
" The magnitude of dosage alteration in relation to severity of organ failure is unknown."	( Effects of critical illness and organ failure on therapeutic argatroban dosage requirements in patients with suspected or confirmed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ernst, NE; Gallagher, EM; Keegan, SP; Mueller, EW; Young, EJ, 2009)	0.35
" Critically ill patients required lower mean +/- SD therapeutic argatroban dosage (0."	( Effects of critical illness and organ failure on therapeutic argatroban dosage requirements in patients with suspected or confirmed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ernst, NE; Gallagher, EM; Keegan, SP; Mueller, EW; Young, EJ, 2009)	0.35
" Because of an inverse relationship with SOFA score, initial argatroban dosage in critically ill patients should be based on the presence and magnitude of organ failure."	( Effects of critical illness and organ failure on therapeutic argatroban dosage requirements in patients with suspected or confirmed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ernst, NE; Gallagher, EM; Keegan, SP; Mueller, EW; Young, EJ, 2009)	0.35
"Patients with suspected or documented HIT at an 800-bed teaching community hospital were prospectively treated, in a nonrandomized, nonblinded manner, with argatroban; dosage adjustments were made according to 1 of 2 variations of a dosing nomogram: standard or hepatic/critically ill."	( Weight-based argatroban dosing nomogram for treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ansara, AJ; Arif, S; Warhurst, RD, 2009)	0.35
"The nomogram is an effective dosing tool for achieving and maintaining therapeutic levels of anticoagulation."	( Weight-based argatroban dosing nomogram for treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ansara, AJ; Arif, S; Warhurst, RD, 2009)	0.35
" Preincubation with 300 and 1000 microM SCU significantly suppressed the contractile dose-response to phenylephrine, causing both a significant rise in half maximal effective concentration and a decrease in the maximal developed force."	( Nitric oxide and catalase-sensitive relaxation by scutellarin in the mouse thoracic aorta. Bofferding, A; Lust, RM; Wingard, CJ; Yang, W, 2009)	0.35
" About anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), activated clotting time (ACT) was maintained than 400 seconds, using the continuance dosage together with the bolus dosage of argatroban."	( [Use of argatroban during cardiopulmonary bypass for atrial septal defect with heparin induced thrombocytopenia after introduction of dialysis]. Ishida, H; Yamazaki, T, 2009)	0.35
"In subjects with persistent asthma, the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism does not alter lung function responses to SAL or FSC over the 12 hour dosing interval following acute and chronic dosing."	( Acute and chronic lung function responses to salmeterol and salmeterol plus fluticasone propionate in relation to Arg16Gly beta(2)-adrenergic polymorphisms. Anderson, WH; Edwards, LD; Klotsman, M; Ortega, HG; Yancey, SW, 2009)	0.35
" Recommendations for dosing of argatroban in HIT patients with and without comorbities are presented."	( [Argatroban treatment of heparin-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia]. Heslet, L; Nielsen, JD, 2009)	0.35
"Both ICU and non-ICU patients require less than the manufacturer-recommended initial dosage of argatroban."	( Argatroban dosage requirements and outcomes in intensive care versus non-intensive care patients. Balasubramaniam, M; Forsyth, LL; Koerber, JM; Mattson, JC; Priziola, JL; Smythe, MA, 2009)	0.35
" Despite high dosing and long-term application of argatroban, anticoagulation remained uncritical and was well controllable by monitoring the activated partial thromboplastin time."	( [Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II with thrombosis in an intensive care patient: therapy management using the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban]. Heil, S, 2009)	0.35
"05) as compared to a benchmark commercial desensitizing toothpaste containing 2% potassium ion, dosed as potassium nitrate, after two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks of product use."	( Comparing the efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity of a new toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm fluoride to a benchmark commercial desensitizing toothpaste containing 2% potassium ion: an eight-week clinical study Bartolino, M; Costacurta, M; Cummins, D; Delgado, E; DeVizio, W; Dibart, S; Docimo, R; Mateo, LR; Maturo, P; Montesani, L; Zhang, YP, 2009)	0.35
" After 30 min, 6h, and 24-72 h, the rings were suspended in an organ bath and dose-response curve to methacholine (MCh) were determined."	( Connective tissue mast cells are the target of formaldehyde to induce tracheal hyperresponsiveness in rats: putative role of leukotriene B4 and nitric oxide. Breithaupt-Faloppa, AC; de Oliveira, AP; Domingos, HV; Lino-dos-Santos-Franco, A; Oliveira-Filho, RM; Shia, MK; Tavares-de-Lima, W; Vargaftig, BB, 2010)	0.36
" Dosing of the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban depends on the severity of illness (SAPS II-score) and is up to 10-times lower than in patients without critical illness."	( [Anticoagulation in critically ill patient]. Fries, D, 2009)	0.35
"Compared with the dosage of 400 mg/kg L-arginine, the 200 mg/kg dose is more effective in reducing the release of Th1 cytokines and increasing Th2 cytokines production, hence maintaining Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio to produce better immune opsonization during the infection phase of severe burn."	( [Effects of different doses of L-arginine on the serum levels of helper T lymphocyte 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in severely burned patients]. Huang, YS; Peng, X; Wang, P; Wang, SL; Yan, H, 2009)	0.35
" The literature on the subject is reviewed and the relationship between argatroban dosage and activated clotting time (ACT) is studied by regression analysis."	( Argatroban as a substitute of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass: a safe alternative? D'Ancona, G; Filippone, G; Floriano, M; Follis, F; Follis, M; Lobianco, E; Montalbano, G, 2010)	0.36
"05) relationship was disclosed between increasing dosage and ACT, while the same relationship was absent on decreasing dosage."	( Argatroban as a substitute of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass: a safe alternative? D'Ancona, G; Filippone, G; Floriano, M; Follis, F; Follis, M; Lobianco, E; Montalbano, G, 2010)	0.36
" At concentrations higher than the "therapeutic" levels, the dose-response curve in the Ks assay became very steep for lepirudin while those were shallow for the others."	( The direct thrombin inhibitors (argatroban, bivalirudin and lepirudin) and the indirect Xa-inhibitor (danaparoid) increase fibrin network porosity and thus facilitate fibrinolysis. Bark, N; Blombäck, M; He, S; Johnsson, H; Wallén, NH, 2010)	0.36
"The objective was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of argatroban in pediatric patients and derive dosing recommendations."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis for effective argatroban dosing in pediatrics. Boyle, DA; Choi, YM; Cox, DS; Gobburu, JV; Hossain, M; Madabushi, R; Patel, BR; Young, G, 2011)	0.37
" Limited and inconsistent data exist about dosing of argatroban in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with critical illnesses."	( Argatroban therapy for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in ICU patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a retrospective study. Huber, W; Moessmer, G; Phillip, V; Saugel, B; Schmid, RM, 2010)	0.36
" A decrease in the initial dosage is mandatory in this patient population."	( Argatroban therapy for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in ICU patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a retrospective study. Huber, W; Moessmer, G; Phillip, V; Saugel, B; Schmid, RM, 2010)	0.36
" We developed a method where hES cells were dosed with several drugs of known teratogenicity then LC-MS analysis was performed to measure changes in abundance levels of small molecules in response to drug dosing."	( Predicting human developmental toxicity of pharmaceuticals using human embryonic stem cells and metabolomics. Cezar, GG; Donley, EL; Smith, AM; Weir, AM; West, PR, 2010)	0.36
" A 2-compartment model with first-order elimination adequately described the pharmacokinetic profile of argatroban over all 3 dosing groups."	( Anticoagulation with argatroban for elective percutaneous coronary intervention: population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of coagulation parameters. Akimoto, K; Harder, S; Klinkhardt, U; Niethammer, M; Zeiher, A, 2011)	0.37
" The studies were similar in design with respect to patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, the argatroban dosing regimen, and primary efficacy outcomes."	( Argatroban in the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Babuin, L; Pengo, V, 2010)	0.36
"Despite the growing epidemic of obesity in the United States, dosing medications in such patients remains poorly studied and understood."	( Pharmacotherapy in the critically ill obese patient. Medico, CJ; Walsh, P, 2010)	0.36
" Data regarding demographics, direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) dosing and monitoring, and related clinical outcomes were collected; statistical analysis was performed to compare results for patients receiving bivalirudin versus those receiving argatroban."	( Comparison of bivalirudin and argatroban for the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arnold, H; Deal, EN; Hollands, JM; Martinez, EJ; Micek, ST; Skrupky, LP; Smith, JR, 2010)	0.36
" The depressor effect was significantly dosed related attenuated by prior microinjection L-arginine (60 - 100 nmol) into the same area."	( [Effects of microinjection of L-arginine into the depressor area of ventral surface of medulla oblongata on cardiovascular responses]. Jia, BJ; Pan, JY; Wang, J, 2001)	0.31
" In the dose-response study, darbEpo in doses of 25 and 50 μg/kg significantly reduced contusion volume from 39."	( Improved cerebrovascular function and reduced histological damage with darbepoietin alfa administration after cortical impact injury in rats. Cherian, L; Goodman, JC; Robertson, C, 2011)	0.37
" Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) value was monitored in the argatroban group at different sites and time points to adjust the dosage during IVVH."	( Effects of argatroban as an anticoagulant for intermittent veno-venous hemofiltration (IVVH) in patients at high risk of bleeding. Chen, X; Chen, Y; Ma, Z; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Xiang, J; Xiao, Q; Zhou, J, 2011)	0.37
" Protocol patients had DTI initial doses based on organ function and fixed dosage adjustments of 10, 25, or 50%."	( Evaluation of empiric versus nomogram-based direct thrombin inhibitor management in patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hassell, KL; Kiser, TH; Mann, AM; Trujillo, TC, 2011)	0.37
" Severity of illness and SAPS II-score determine dosing of the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban which needs to be about 10-times lower than in patients without critical illness."	( Thrombosis prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Fries, D, 2011)	0.37
" As such, studies evaluating the safety, efficacy, and dosing of alternative anticoagulants are required."	( Argatroban therapy in pediatric patients requiring nonheparin anticoagulation: an open-label, safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic study. Boshkov, LK; Boyle, DA; Cox, DS; Hursting, MJ; Kallender, H; Raffini, LJ; Soffer, J; Sullivan, JE; Tarka, EA; Young, G, 2011)	0.37
" Ten healthy male participants received in phenylephrine (PE)-preconstricted veins a dose-response curve (DRC) to L-NMMA (0."	( Characterization of local vascular effects of the nitric oxide inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine on dorsal hand veins. Kirch, W; Leuschner, S; Schindler, C; Schwanebeck, U, 2012)	0.38
" The patient entered a phase III study of Replagal (agalsidase alfa) in 2001, allowing him to continue ERT with biweekly dosing for almost 10 years."	( Progressive renal failure despite long-term biweekly enzyme replacement therapy in a patient with Fabry disease secondary to a new α-galactosidase mutation of Leu311Arg (L311R). Imai, H; Kitagawa, W; Komatsuda, A; Miura, N; Nishikawa, K; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, S; Watanabe, D, 2011)	0.37
" This review will focus on mechanism of action, adverse effects and drug interactions reported in the literature, and appropriate dosing and outcomes data for specific nutritional supplements in various critically ill adult populations."	( Nutritional supplements in critical illness. Bullington, WM; Cooper, TB; Hayes, GL; McKinzie, BP; Pilch, NA, )	0.13
" An ongoing issue is the appropriate dosing of argatroban in special patient groups."	( Results of a consensus meeting on the use of argatroban in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requiring antithrombotic therapy - a European Perspective. Alatri, A; Armstrong, AE; Greinacher, A; Koster, A; Kozek-Langenecker, SA; Lancé, MD; Link, A; Nielsen, JD; Sandset, PM; Spanjersberg, AJ; Spannagl, M, 2012)	0.38
" The implementation of the HIT protocol has resulted in greater compliance with appropriate DTI dosing and improved EMR documentation of HIT."	( Development and implementation of a comprehensive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia recognition and management protocol. Corbets, LR; Forsyth, LL; Koerber, JM; Mehta, TP; Melendy, SM; Parikh, R; Smythe, MA; Sykes, E, 2012)	0.38
" Both short and prolonged cell exposure to L-NAME potentiated GIIS though with a flat dose-response curve while HA inhibited GIIS only at the highest concentration."	( Effects of short and prolonged mild intracellular nitric oxide manipulations on various aspects of insulin secretion in INS-1E β-cells. Baldi, S; Delbarba, A; Ferrannini, E; Natali, A; Nisoli, E; Santini, E; Tulipani, A; Venturi, E, 2012)	0.38
"057), although this was unaffected by arginine dosage (p=0."	( The effect of different doses of an arginine-containing supplement on the healing of pressure ulcers. Brown, D; Crowe, TC; Desneves, K; King, S; Leigh, B; Martin, R; Pearce, L; Rafferty, J; Woodward, MC, 2012)	0.38
"Similar clinical benefits in healing of pressure ulcers can be achieved with a lower dosage of arginine, which can translate into improved concordance and significant cost-savings for both the health-care facilities and for patients."	( The effect of different doses of an arginine-containing supplement on the healing of pressure ulcers. Brown, D; Crowe, TC; Desneves, K; King, S; Leigh, B; Martin, R; Pearce, L; Rafferty, J; Woodward, MC, 2012)	0.38
" These results have several therapeutic implications, among which lowering the l-citrulline dosage may be crucial, as excessive citrulline may worsen intracellular arginine accumulation."	( Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI): a multi organ disease by far more complex than a classic urea cycle disorder. Dionisi-Vici, C; Ogier de Baulny, H; Schiff, M, 2012)	0.38
" In addition, the dosage of nitrite in the homogenized paw, as determined by colorimetric assay, indicated that exogenous PEA is able to induce NO release."	( Involvement of the L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in peripheral antinociception induced by N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine in rats. Cortes, SF; Duarte, ID; Galdino, GS; Perez, AC; Resende, LC; Romero, TR; Silva, GC, 2012)	0.38
" Cinacalcet dosage required to normalize calcium in MEN1 and sPHPT was not significantly different (45±21 vs 54±25 mg/day)."	( MEN1-related hyperparathyroidism: response to cinacalcet and its relationship with the calcium-sensing receptor gene variant Arg990Gly. Beck-Peccoz, P; Corbetta, S; Eller-Vainicher, C; Ermetici, F; Filopanti, M; Olgiati, L; Persani, L; Spada, A; Verga, U, 2012)	0.38
"In this study five Italian male patients affected by CRTR-D were supplemented with oral L-Arg at a dosage of 300 mg/kg/day divided into 3 doses, for 24-36 months."	( Neuropsychological profile and clinical effects of arginine treatment in children with creatine transport deficiency. Battaglia, FM; Battini, R; Casarano, M; Chilosi, A; Cioni, G; Comparini, A; Leuzzi, V; Mancardi, MM; Schiaffino, C; Tosetti, M, 2012)	0.38
"0-10 mg/mL relaxed high K+ (80 mM) and phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM)-induced contractions and shifted Ca++ dose-response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil."	( Hypotensive effect of Gentiana floribunda is mediated through Ca++ antagonism pathway. Khan, AU; Murugan, DD; Mustafa, MR, 2012)	0.38
" There have been few experiences published involving the pediatric population and controversy exists regarding the properties and optimal dosing of these drugs."	( Alternative anticoagulation during cardiovascular procedures in pediatric patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Argueta-Morales, IR; DeCampli, WM; Felix, DE; Munro, HM; Olsen, MC, 2012)	0.38
" 18-fold reduction of AUC(0-4) for orally dosed crystalline MEL (1."	( Development of meloxicam salts with improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats with impaired gastric motility. Inoue, R; Ochi, M; Onoue, S; Yamada, S; Yamauchi, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Nevertheless, this recommended dose is largely based on data from patients with more moderate liver disease (eg, Child-Pugh class A or B), and dosing in more advanced liver disease remains largely unexplored."	( Argatroban dose reductions for suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicated by child-pugh class C liver disease. Rondina, MT; Varedi, A; Walker, A; Yarbrough, PM, 2012)	0.38
"This report illustrates the importance of careful selection of argatroban dosing and appropriate aPTT monitoring in patients with severe liver disease."	( Argatroban dose reductions for suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicated by child-pugh class C liver disease. Rondina, MT; Varedi, A; Walker, A; Yarbrough, PM, 2012)	0.38
"We concluded that acute pancreatitis may significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of Liu-He-Dan while external applied on belly, which indicated the dosage modification in AP."	( Effect of acute pancreatitis on the pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal ointment Liu-He-Dan in anaesthetized rats. Chen, GY; Chen, WW; Tang, WF; Wan, MH; Xiang, J; Yu, Q; Zhao, XL, 2013)	0.39
"A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare selected outcome measures between cohorts of adults who received argatroban or bivalirudin therapy for suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) before (n = 25) and after (n = 25) the implementation of an institutional DTI protocol under which properly trained and credentialed pharmacists have a primary role in dosing and monitoring DTI infusions."	( Safety and effectiveness outcomes of an inpatient collaborative drug therapy management service for direct thrombin inhibitors. Cooper, T; Kokko, H; Mazur, J; Taber, D; Uber, WE; White, CL, 2012)	0.38
"A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-response intervention study was conducted in 32 healthy males (age: 21±2years; BMI: 21."	( Islet-cell dysfunction induced by glucocorticoid treatment: potential role for altered sympathovagal balance? Deacon, CF; Diamant, M; Heine, RJ; Holst, JJ; Karemaker, JM; Kwa, KA; Mari, A; Tushuizen, ME; van Genugten, RE; van Raalte, DH, 2013)	0.39
" This pilot phase II study showed that the on-demand oral administration at a high dosage of l-arginine aspartate-adenosine monophosphate combination may be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate ED, is very well tolerated and could be tested as a safe first-line therapy in a larger size phase III study."	( A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial of arginine aspartate plus adenosine monophosphate for the intermittent treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Botto, H; Cour, F; Hupertan, V; Lebret, T; Neuzillet, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Adequate monitoring of the effect of the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban may facilitate individualized dosing and perioperative management of anticoagulation."	( Ecarin modified rotational thrombelastometry: a point-of-care applicable alternative to monitor the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban. Hacker, S; Kozek-Langenecker, S; Schaden, E; Schober, A, 2013)	0.39
" The second study looked at monitoring dabigatran with plasma-diluted thrombin time and found a linear relationship between the plasma-diluted thrombin time and the dabigatran dose-response curve."	( Alternative monitoring of argatroban using plasma-diluted thrombin time. Chandler, W; Hart, SR; Liebl, MG; Putney, D; Wanat, MA, 2013)	0.39
" Dosage was reduced because of preoperative congestive liver disorder."	( Non-recovery of ACT in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II during mitral valve replacement using argatroban anticoagulation. Matsumoto, K; Nakagawachi, A; Sakaguchi, Y; Tanigawa, Y; Torikai, A; Yamada, T, 2013)	0.39
"Little data exist on the dose-response relationship between the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PiO2) and the cellular oxidative stress response in humans."	( Oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and nitric oxide production following hyperoxic exposures. Fothergill, DM; Gasier, HG, )	0.13
" We were unable to achieve an increase in aPTT, despite aggressive argatroban dosing in a patient with increased factor VIII activity."	( Apparent argatroban resistance in a patient with elevated factor VIII levels. Alaniz, C; Kennedy, DM, )	0.13
"With the initiation of argatroban therapy, particular attention should be given to ensure that aPTTs correlate with dosing to prevent life-threatening bleeding complications."	( Apparent argatroban resistance in a patient with elevated factor VIII levels. Alaniz, C; Kennedy, DM, )	0.13
" Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that LEDT induced a dose-response analgesic effect in the model of PI in mice."	( Light-emitting diode therapy induces analgesia in a mouse model of postoperative pain through activation of peripheral opioid receptors and the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. Cidral-Filho, FJ; Martins, DF; Mazzardo-Martins, L; Santos, AR, 2014)	0.4
"No study has compared 2 different dosing strategies for argatroban titration nor has any published nomogram demonstrated improvement in outcomes."	( Evaluation of 2 nomogram-based strategies for dosing argatroban in patients with known or suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arpino, PA; Fatalo, A; Goeller, AJ; Van Cott, EM, 2015)	0.42
" The authors recommend caution while dosing dabigatran in the Asian population, as the estimates of kidney functioning vary substantially depending on the formula used to estimate GFR, which may in turn lead in some cases of inadequate dosing of dabigatran."	( A comparison of methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate for a population in Hawai'i with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Azuma, S; Lum, CJ, 2013)	0.39
" In addition, weekly dosing of PCPS/STAT3 siRNA for four weeks did not cause signs of subacute toxicity based on changes in body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, and major organ histology."	( High capacity nanoporous silicon carrier for systemic delivery of gene silencing therapeutics. Ferrari, M; Gu, J; Guo, X; Kim, HC; Liu, X; Mai, J; Mao, ZW; Mu, C; Qin, G; Shen, H; Shen, J; Wolfram, J; Xia, X; Xu, R; Yang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" In conclusion, pharmacokinetic data of the present study can guide rational dosing of nor-NOHA in future studies."	( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, and its effect on plasma amino acids concentrations in Wistar rats. Chládek, J; Havlínová, Z; Holeček, M; Hroch, M; Nagy, A; Sišpera, L, 2014)	0.4
" DTI use is also complicated by the imprecision of available monitoring tests and currently recommended dosing has been shown to result in a supratherapeutic anticoagulative state."	( The dosing and monitoring of argatroban for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a word of caution. Ashton, RF; Cairns, BA; Charles, AG; Khoury, AI; Phillips, MR, 2014)	0.4
" In conclusion, the Arg972 IRS1 polymorphism is an independent risk factor for AD and the A allele has a gene dosage effect on AD severity in Han Chinese."	( Arg972 insulin receptor substrate-1 polymorphism and risk and severity of Alzheimer's disease. Jiang, B; Shen, X; Tan, L; Wang, W; Wu, X; Yang, L, 2014)	0.4
" The dose-response curve of insulin secretion to increasing glucose concentrations (2."	( Higher insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretion in cachetic solid ehrlich tumour-bearing mice. Boschero, AC; Bosqueiro, JR; Rafacho, A; Violato, NM, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the dose-response effect of intravenous arginine supplementation in post-absorptive patients with septic shock on arginine-NO and protein metabolism and on global and regional haemodynamics."	( Arginine infusion in patients with septic shock increases nitric oxide production without haemodynamic instability. Deutz, NE; Luiking, YC; Poeze, M, 2015)	0.42
"The beneficial effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation, on the physiology of several species, has generated an interest in the use of L-Arg as a nutraceutical in horses, but dosage and absorption of orally supplemented L-Arg must be inferred from other species."	( Orally supplemented L-arginine impairs amino acid absorption depending on dose in horses. Kelley, DE; Mortensen, CJ; Warren, LK, 2014)	0.4
"L-Citrulline plus L-arginine supplementation caused a more rapid increase in plasma L-arginine levels and marked enhancement of NO bioavailability, including plasma cGMP concentrations, than with dosage with the single amino acids."	( Oral supplementation with a combination of L-citrulline and L-arginine rapidly increases plasma L-arginine concentration and enhances NO bioavailability. Hayashi, T; Ina, K; Kuzuya, M; Maeda, M; Morita, M; Ochiai, M; Yamaguchi, T, 2014)	0.4
" Each sample was used for glutathione ad lipid peroxidation level dosage and for evaluating the expression of heme oxygenase both after a single subcutaneous administration of BSO and without treatment."	( Neuroprotective effects of a glutathione depletor in rat post-ischemic reperfusion brain damage. Acquaviva, R; Di Giacomo, C; Santangelo, R; Sorrenti, V; Volti, GL, 2015)	0.42
" Systemic exposure reduced upon repeat dosing with steady-state concentrations achieved within 3-5 days of multiple bid dosing."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SMT C1100, a 2-arylbenzoxazole utrophin modulator, following single- and multiple-dose administration to healthy male adult volunteers. Davies, KE; Robinson, N; Tinsley, J, 2015)	0.42
"Intradermal serotonin caused scratching in mice with a bell-shaped dose-response correlation, and the peak effective dose was 141 nmol per site."	( Involvement of nitric oxide in serotonin-induced scratching in mice. Azimi, E; Dehpour, AR; Haj-Mirzaian, A; Mansouri, P; Ostadhadi, S, 2015)	0.42
" Accurately dosed samples were generated as a result of the ink and droplet formation optimization."	( Improvement of dissolution rate of indomethacin by inkjet printing. de Beer, T; Genina, N; Ihalainen, P; Kolakovic, R; Löbmann, K; Määttänen, A; Nyman, JO; Palo, M; Peltonen, J; Rades, T; Rijckaert, K; Sandler, N; Wickström, H, 2015)	0.42
" Patient records were perused for preexisting history of HIT, heparin dosage before HIT, argatroban dosage, number of transfusions required, thromboembolic complications and length of ICU stay (ICU LOS)."	( Safety and economic considerations of argatroban use in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis. Baumgarten, G; Boehm, O; Graeff, I; Hoeft, A; Kim, SC; Schewe, JC; Tran, N; Wittmann, M, 2015)	0.42
" This limitation can probably be addressed by a dosage increase over the first 4 weeks and by extending treatment by 1 or 2 months."	( Co-analgesic therapy for arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair pain using a dietary supplement containing Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. Dellabiancia, F; Ingardia, A; Merolla, G; Paladini, P; Porcellini, G, 2015)	0.42
"The acceleration of solid dosage form product development can be facilitated by the inclusion of excipients that exhibit poly-/multi-functionality with reduction of the time invested in multiple excipient optimisations."	( A methodological evaluation and predictive in silico investigation into the multi-functionality of arginine in directly compressed tablets. Akhtar, N; Alany, R; ElShaer, A; Hussain, T; Iyire, A; Kaialy, W; Mohammed, AR, 2015)	0.42
"To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and dosing of off-label bivalirudin to argatroban and lepirudin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) using a new pharmacist driven protocol."	( Comparison of bivalirudin to lepirudin and argatroban in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Bain, J; Meyer, A, 2015)	0.42
" Although murine models required dosing every 48 h, studies in cynomolgus monkeys indicate that less frequent dosing may be possible in patients."	( Human recombinant arginase enzyme reduces plasma arginine in mouse models of arginase deficiency. Alters, SE; Burrage, LC; Elsea, SH; Frankel, AE; Georgiou, G; Jiang, MM; Johnson, DE; Lee, BH; Nagamani, SC; Rowlinson, SW; Stone, E; Sun, Q, 2015)	0.42
" Thus, to further assess the therapeutic potential of the 599 peptide in mediating RNAi-based therapeutics for oral cancer and its prospective applicability in clinical settings, the objective of the current study was to determine whether intratumoral dosing of the 599 peptide-siCIP2A complex could induce silencing of CIP2A and consequently impair tumor growth using a xenograft oral cancer mouse model."	( Fusogenic-oligoarginine peptide-mediated silencing of the CIP2A oncogene suppresses oral cancer tumor growth in vivo. Alexander-Bryant, AA; Attaway, CC; Dumitriu, A; Jakymiw, A; Yu, H, 2015)	0.42
" Future studies should pay attention to the delicate balance between sufficient dosing and timely normalization of plasma haem levels."	( Vascular and metabolic effects of the haem oxygenase-1 inducer haem arginate in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: A translational cross-over study. Bilos, A; Dekker, D; Dorresteijn, MJ; Pennings, SW; Peters, WH; Smits, P; Wagener, FA, 2016)	0.43
" A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model was developed to describe the time course of changes in exhaled NO concentrations and reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) index values describing endothelial function and then used to explore optimal dosing regimens for l-arginine."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model for the Effect of l-Arginine on Endothelial Function in Patients with Moderately Severe Falciparum Malaria. Anstey, NM; Brussee, JM; Duffull, SB; Lampah, DA; Yeo, TW, 2016)	0.43
"(1) BPC 157 own effect on thiopental anaesthesia: BPC 157 (10 ng/kg and 10 μg/kg) caused a significant antagonism of general anaesthesia produced by thiopental with a parallel shift of the dose-response curve to the right."	( BPC 157 antagonized the general anaesthetic potency of thiopental and reduced prolongation of anaesthesia induced by L-NAME/thiopental combination. Balenovic, I; Cilic, AZ; Cilic, M; Djuzel, V; Drmic, D; Holjevac, JK; Kokot, A; Murselovic, T; Radic, B; Seiwerth, S; Sikiric, P; Stambolija, V; Suran, J; Uzun, S; Vlainic, J; Zemba, M, 2015)	0.42
" In contrast, Q10 assisted in boosting of IL-10 with higher dosage (200 mg/kg)."	( Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rat. Gholamrezaei Boushehrinejad, A; Jangholi, E; Kardeh, B; Mirmalek, SA; Parsa, T; Parsa, Y; Salimi-Tabatabaee, SA; Shahverdi, E; Yadollah-Damavandi, S; Yavari, H, 2016)	0.43
" The antiviral activity of peg-ArgI displayed a classical dose-response curve with IC50's in the sub-nanomolar range."	( Development and evaluation of a host-targeted antiviral that abrogates herpes simplex virus replication through modulation of arginine-associated metabolic pathways. Foster, TP; Ochoa, AC; Sanchez, MD, 2016)	0.43
" Nonetheless, the absence of the ability for clinicians to assess compliance or washout with a simple laboratory test (or to adjust dosing with a similar assessment) and the absence of an antidote to rapidly stop major hemorrhage or to enhance safety in the setting of emergent or urgent surgery/procedures have been limitations to greater non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant usage and better thromboembolic prevention."	( NOAC monitoring, reversal agents, and post-approval safety and effectiveness evaluation: A cardiac safety research consortium think tank. Kaminskas, E; Reiffel, JA; Reilly, P; Sager, P; Sarich, T; Seltzer, J; Weitz, JI, 2016)	0.43
" In addition to familiarity with the dosing and monitoring of vitamin K antagonists, clinicians are accustomed to using vitamin K if there is a need to reverse the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists."	( Management of Bleeding With Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in the Era of Specific Reversal Agents. Antman, EM; Giugliano, RP; Ruff, CT, 2016)	0.43
"A central challenge in designing and administering effective anticoagulants is achieving the proper therapeutic window and dosage for each patient."	( A novel, rapid method to compare the therapeutic windows of oral anticoagulants using the Hill coefficient. Chang, JB; Karan, C; Quinnies, KM; Rand, JH; Realubit, R; Tatonetti, NP, 2016)	0.43
" The family was analyzed for both mutations and exon dosage variations in PARKIN, PINK1 and DJ1."	( Identification of a novel homozygous mutation Arg459Pro in SYNJ1 gene of an Indian family with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism. Behari, M; Kirola, L; Shishir, C; Thelma, BK, 2016)	0.43
" Dose-response relations were assessed by restricted cubic spline regression models and potential non-linearity was evaluated using a likelihood ratio test."	( Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine as Risk Markers for Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Lieb, W; Maas, R; Schlesinger, S; Sonntag, SR, 2016)	0.43
" The in vitro growth inhibitory activity against MH134 cells showed almost the same dose-response profile as that of the native ADI."	( Construction and in vitro evaluation of enzyme nanoreactors based on carboxymethyl chitosan for arginine deprivation in cancer therapy. Chen, J; He, G; Huang, Z; Yan, Q; Yi, X; Yin, Y; Zeng, T; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Knowledge of baseline values prior to DTI therapy and inclusion of clinical settings are essential for dosing DTIs when using aPTT."	( Monitoring of Argatroban and Lepirudin: What is the Input of Laboratory Values in "Real Life"? Kolde, HJ; Seidel, H, 2018)	0.48
" In addition, other modalities, such as continuous renal replacement therapy, may further complicate dosing strategies."	( Argatroban for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration. Lopez, ND; Sin, JH, 2017)	0.46
"- Oral l-arginine dosage of 100mg/kg q8h doubles plasma [l-arginine] in healthy dogs, but conversion to l-citrulline is quite variable."	( Plasma l-citrulline concentrations in l-arginine-supplemented healthy dogs. Flynn, KM; Kellihan, HB; Trepanier, LA, 2017)	0.46
" Further studies are needed to confirm these results and determine the optimal dosing regimen."	( Anticoagulation of Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device Using Argatroban-Based Purge Solution: A Case Series. Blum, EC; Martz, CR; Nemeh, H; Selektor, Y; Smith, ZR; To, L, 2018)	0.48
" ACT was measured every 2 to 4 hours and remeasured 1 hour after each dosage adjustment."	( Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Infants after Heart Surgery. Abdillah, JN; Chen, X; Hu, Q; Huang, L; Luo, W; Zhou, W, 2019)	0.51
" The great fluctuation in argatroban dosage during the course of HIT treatment necessitates close monitoring."	( Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Infants after Heart Surgery. Abdillah, JN; Chen, X; Hu, Q; Huang, L; Luo, W; Zhou, W, 2019)	0.51
"Key words: silver citrate arginine dexpanthenol intramammary dosage form stability."	( Development of the composition of intramammary combined preparation based on silver citrate for veterinary use. Almakayeva, L; Nehoda, T; Polova, Z, )	0.13
" Dietary treatments were 100% of nutrient requirements (control, CON), 60% of control (restricted, RES), or RES plus a rumen-protected arginine supplement dosed at 180 mg/kg BW once daily (RES-ARG)."	( Effects of maternal nutrition and rumen-protected arginine supplementation on ewe performance and postnatal lamb growth and internal organ mass. Caton, JS; Hammer, CJ; Jia, G; Kirsch, JD; Neville, TL; O'Rourke, ST; Peine, JL; Reynolds, LP; Van Emon, ML, 2018)	0.48
" However, the severe side effect during long term and high dosage usage limit its application."	( Dual-functional lipid polymeric hybrid pH-responsive nanoparticles decorated with cell penetrating peptide and folate for therapy against rheumatoid arthritis. Lee, RJ; Li, Y; Sun, F; Sun, X; Teng, L; Yu, C; Zhang, X; Zhao, J; Zhao, M; Zhou, Y, 2018)	0.48
" Actually, L-arginine at appropriate dosage (6–8 g/day) improves endothelial function and lowers blood pressure."	( L-Arginine and vascular health. Hahn, A; Ströhle, A; von Bibra, H, 2016)	0.43
" While there is no established dosing regimen, studies of oral l-arginine in secondary RP suggest that divided dosing may begin at 1-2 g/day and may be titrated up to 10 g/day."	( The clinical effects of l-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine: implications for treatment in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Curtiss, P; Franks, AG; Lo Sicco, K; Schwager, Z, 2019)	0.51
" The importance of NO in a range of cellular processes is exemplified by its tight spatial and dosage control at multiple levels, including via its transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic regulation."	( Arginine and the metabolic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in cancer. Erez, A; Keshet, R, 2018)	0.48
"Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs."	( Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods. Korhonen, O; Laitinen, R; Ojarinta, R; Saarinen, J; Strachan, CJ, 2018)	0.48
" Interestingly, when at 24 h, haemozoin-treated macrophages were washed and incubated in fresh medium for further 24 h, the nitric oxide production was restored in a dose-response manner."	( Interplay between Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin and L-arginine: implication for nitric oxide production. Basilico, N; Caruso, D; Colombo, I; Corbett, Y; D'Alessandro, S; Egan, TJ; Giavarini, F; Kalantari, P; Parapini, S; Scaccabarozzi, D; Zava, S, 2018)	0.48
" Sorafenib dosage was 400 mg/day for both groups."	( β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate/L-Arginine/L-Glutamine Supplementation for Preventing Hand-Foot Skin Reaction in Sorafenib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hatanaka, T; Horiguchi, S; Hoshino, T; Ishihara, H; Kakizaki, S; Kudo, T; Murakami, T; Naganuma, A; Ogawa, Y; Ohno, N; Sato, K; Suzuki, Y; Takagi, H; Uehara, D, )	0.13
" A limitation is that the treatment dosage and duration varied among studies, which may have contributed to study heterogeneity."	( The Potential Role of Arginine Supplements on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Choi, WS; Kim, A; Kim, HG; Kim, MS; Paick, SH; Park, HK; Park, YJ; Rhim, HC, 2019)	0.51
" A protocol was created for an adequate dose-response trial to test the NS combination in men with ED and prostatism."	( Toward a Scientific Nutritional Supplement Combination for Prostatism and Erectile Dysfunction I: From Known Pharmacology to Clinical Testing. Pyke, RE, 2019)	0.51
"CSM cells obtained from 8 to 10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were grown in Dulbecco media with 20% fetal calf serum and then incubated with or without l-arginine (L-ARG) or l-citrulline (L-CIT) in a time course and dose-response manner."	( Exogenous l-ARGININE does not stimulate production OF NO or cGMP within the rat corporal smooth muscle cells in culture. Abraham, A; Artaza, JN; Ferrini, MG; Flores, M; Graciano, L; Luna, R; Nguyen, S; Rajfer, J, 2019)	0.51
" Four chemicals (L-Arg, L-Leu-L-Leu-OH, L-Leu-L-Ile-OH and suberic acid) induced behavioral avoidance in toad tadpoles at some (but not all) dosage levels, so we then exposed toad larvae to these chemicals over the entire period of larval development."	( The Effects of Conspecific Alarm Cues on Larval Cane Toads (Rhinella marina). Capon, RJ; Crossland, MR; Salim, AA; Shine, R, 2019)	0.51
" However, there is not enough evidence to establish a beneficial L-citr dosage for physical performance."	( [The effect of supplementation with L-arginine and L-citrulline on physical performance: a systematic review]. Barahona-Fuentes, G; Domínguez de Hanna, A; Huerta Ojeda, Á, 2019)	0.51
" Increased dosage of inducible nitric oxide (2 IE) led to decreased vitality rates (22."	( Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine Optimizes Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Ischemic Tissues Under Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Roth, C, 2020)	0.56
" This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study that aimed to compare argatroban dosing requirements in those receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), or neither."	( Argatroban dosing requirements in extracorporeal life support and other critically ill populations. Coba, VE; Dingman, JS; Peters, MA; Smith, ZR; To, L, 2020)	0.56
"We demonstrated a dose-response linear association between 1,5-anhydroglucitol and ACPR."	( Association between 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and Acute C Peptide Response to Arginine among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Bao, Y; Hu, G; Lu, J; Lu, W; Ma, X; Mo, Y; Shen, Y; Si, Y; Zhang, L; Zhou, J; Zhu, W, 2020)	0.56
"Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634)."	( Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; Douglas, RG; Duarte, PF; Dullaart, RPF; Duscha, BD; Edwards, LA; Edwards, TE; Eichenwald, EC; El-Baba, TJ; Elashiry, M; Elashiry, MM; Elashry, SH; Elliott, A; Elsayed, R; Emerson, MS; Emmanuel, YO; Emory, TH; Endale-Mangamba, LM; Enten, GA; Estefanía-Fernández, K; Estes, JD; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Evans, S; Ezra, L; Faria de, RO; Farraj, AK; Favre, C; Feng, B; Feng, J; Feng, L; Feng, W; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Fernandes, CLF; Fernández-Cuadros, ME; Fernie, AR; Ferrari, D; Florindo, PR; Fong, PC; Fontes, EPB; Fontinha, D; Fornari, VJ; Fox, NP; Fu, Q; Fujitaka, Y; Fukuhara, K; Fumeaux, T; Fuqua, C; Fustinoni, S; Gabbanelli, V; Gaikwad, S; Gall, ET; Galli, A; Gancedo, MA; Gandhi, MM; Gao, D; Gao, K; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Gao, X; Gao, Y; Gaponenko, V; Garber, A; Garcia, EM; García-Campos, C; García-Donas, J; García-Pérez, AL; Gasparri, F; Ge, C; Ge, D; Ge, JB; Ge, X; George, I; George, LA; Germani, G; Ghassemi Tabrizi, S; Gibon, Y; Gillent, E; Gillies, RS; Gilmour, MI; Goble, S; Goh, JC; Goiri, F; Goldfinger, LE; Golian, M; Gómez, MA; Gonçalves, J; Góngora-García, OR; Gonul, I; González, MA; Govers, TM; Grant, PC; Gray, EH; Gray, JE; Green, MS; Greenwald, I; Gregory, MJ; Gretzke, D; Griffin-Nolan, RJ; Griffith, DC; Gruppen, EG; Guaita, A; Guan, P; Guan, X; Guerci, P; Guerrero, DT; Guo, M; Guo, P; Guo, R; Guo, X; Gupta, J; Guz, G; Hajizadeh, N; Hamada, H; Haman-Wabi, AB; Han, TT; Hannan, N; Hao, S; Harjola, VP; Harmon, M; Hartmann, MSM; Hartwig, JF; Hasani, M; Hawthorne, WJ; Haykal-Coates, N; Hazari, MS; He, DL; He, P; He, SG; Héau, C; Hebbar Kannur, K; Helvaci, O; Heuberger, DM; Hidalgo, F; Hilty, MP; Hirata, K; Hirsch, A; Hoffman, AM; Hoffmann, JF; Holloway, RW; Holmes, RK; Hong, S; Hongisto, M; Hopf, NB; Hörlein, R; Hoshino, N; Hou, Y; Hoven, NF; Hsieh, YY; Hsu, CT; Hu, CW; Hu, JH; Hu, MY; Hu, Y; Hu, Z; Huang, C; Huang, D; Huang, DQ; Huang, L; Huang, Q; Huang, R; Huang, S; Huang, SC; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Huffman, KM; Hung, CH; Hung, CT; Huurman, R; Hwang, SM; Hyun, S; Ibrahim, AM; Iddi-Faical, A; Immordino, P; Isla, MI; Jacquemond, V; Jacques, T; Jankowska, E; Jansen, JA; Jäntti, T; Jaque-Fernandez, F; Jarvis, GA; Jatt, LP; Jeon, JW; Jeong, SH; Jhunjhunwala, R; Ji, F; Jia, X; Jia, Y; Jian-Bo, Z; Jiang, GD; Jiang, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, WD; Jiang, Z; Jiménez-Hoyos, CA; Jin, S; Jobling, MG; John, CM; John, T; Johnson, CB; Jones, KI; Jones, WS; Joseph, OO; Ju, C; Judeinstein, P; Junges, A; Junnarkar, M; Jurkko, R; Kaleka, CC; Kamath, AV; Kang, X; Kantsadi, AL; Kapoor, M; Karim, Z; Kashuba, ADM; Kassa, E; Kasztura, M; Kataja, A; Katoh, T; Kaufman, JS; Kaupp, M; Kehinde, O; Kehrenberg, C; Kemper, N; Kerr, CW; Khan, AU; Khan, MF; Khan, ZUH; Khojasteh, SC; Kilburn, S; Kim, CG; Kim, DU; Kim, DY; Kim, HJ; Kim, J; Kim, OH; Kim, YH; King, C; Klein, A; Klingler, L; Knapp, AK; Ko, TK; Kodavanti, UP; Kolla, V; Kong, L; Kong, RY; Kong, X; Kore, S; Kortz, U; Korucu, B; Kovacs, A; Krahnert, I; Kraus, WE; Kuang, SY; Kuehn-Hajder, JE; Kurz, M; Kuśtrowski, P; Kwak, YD; Kyttaris, VC; Laga, SM; Laguerre, A; Laloo, A; Langaro, MC; Langham, MC; Lao, X; Larocca, MC; Lassus, J; Lattimer, TA; Lazar, S; Le, MH; Leal, DB; Leal, M; Leary, A; Ledermann, JA; Lee, JF; Lee, MV; Lee, NH; Leeds, CM; Leeds, JS; Lefrandt, JD; Leicht, AS; Leonard, M; Lev, S; Levy, K; Li, B; Li, C; Li, CM; Li, DH; Li, H; Li, J; Li, L; Li, LJ; Li, N; Li, P; Li, T; Li, X; Li, XH; Li, XQ; Li, XX; Li, Y; Li, Z; Li, ZY; Liao, YF; Lin, CC; Lin, MH; Lin, Y; Ling, Y; Links, TP; Lira-Romero, E; Liu, C; Liu, D; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, LP; Liu, M; Liu, T; Liu, W; Liu, X; Liu, XH; Liu, Y; Liuwantara, D; Ljumanovic, N; Lobo, L; Lokhande, K; Lopes, A; Lopes, RMRM; López-Gutiérrez, JC; López-Muñoz, MJ; López-Santamaría, M; Lorenzo, C; Lorusso, D; Losito, I; Lu, C; Lu, H; Lu, HZ; Lu, SH; Lu, SN; Lu, Y; Lu, ZY; Luboga, F; Luo, JJ; Luo, KL; Luo, Y; Lutomski, CA; Lv, W; M Piedade, MF; Ma, J; Ma, JQ; Ma, JX; Ma, N; Ma, P; Ma, S; Maciel, M; Madureira, M; Maganaris, C; Maginn, EJ; Mahnashi, MH; Maierhofer, M; Majetschak, M; Malla, TR; Maloney, L; Mann, DL; Mansuri, A; Marelli, E; Margulis, CJ; Marrella, A; Martin, BL; Martín-Francés, L; Martínez de Pinillos, M; Martínez-Navarro, EM; Martinez-Quintanilla Jimenez, D; Martínez-Velasco, A; Martínez-Villaseñor, L; Martinón-Torres, M; Martins, BA; Massongo, M; Mathew, AP; Mathews, D; Matsui, J; Matsumoto, KI; Mau, T; Maves, RC; Mayclin, SJ; Mayer, JM; Maynard, ND; Mayr, T; Mboowa, MG; McEvoy, MP; McIntyre, RC; McKay, JA; McPhail, MJW; McVeigh, AL; Mebazaa, A; Medici, V; Medina, DN; Mehmood, T; Mei-Li, C; Melku, M; Meloncelli, S; Mendes, GC; Mendoza-Velásquez, C; Mercadante, R; Mercado, MI; Merenda, MEZ; Meunier, J; Mi, SL; Michels, M; Mijatovic, V; Mikhailov, V; Milheiro, SA; Miller, DC; Ming, F; Mitsuishi, M; Miyashita, T; Mo, J; Mo, S; Modesto-Mata, M; Moeller, S; Monte, A; Monteiro, L; Montomoli, J; Moore, EE; Moore, HB; Moore, PK; Mor, MK; Moratalla-López, N; Moratilla Lapeña, L; Moreira, R; Moreno, MA; Mörk, AC; Morton, M; Mosier, JM; Mou, LH; Mougharbel, AS; Muccillo-Baisch, AL; 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Shen, BQ; Shen, CH; Shen, P; Shen, S; Shen, Y; Shen, Z; Shi, J; Shi-Li, L; Shimoda, K; Shoji, Y; Shun, C; Silva, MA; Silva-Cardoso, J; Simas, NK; Simirgiotis, MJ; Sincock, SA; Singh, MP; Sionis, A; Siu, J; Sivieri, EM; Sjerps, MJ; Skoczen, SL; Slabon, A; Slette, IJ; Smith, MD; Smith, S; Smith, TG; Snapp, KS; Snow, SJ; Soares, MCF; Soberman, D; Solares, MD; Soliman, I; Song, J; Sorooshian, A; Sorrell, TC; Spinar, J; Staudt, A; Steinhart, C; Stern, ST; Stevens, DM; Stiers, KM; Stimming, U; Su, YG; Subbian, V; Suga, H; Sukhija-Cohen, A; Suksamrarn, A; Suksen, K; Sun, J; Sun, M; Sun, P; Sun, W; Sun, XF; Sun, Y; Sundell, J; Susan, LF; Sutjarit, N; Swamy, KV; Swisher, EM; Sykes, C; Takahashi, JA; Talmor, DS; Tan, B; Tan, ZK; Tang, L; Tang, S; Tanner, JJ; Tanwar, M; Tarazi, Z; Tarvasmäki, T; Tay, FR; Teketel, A; Temitayo, GI; Thersleff, T; Thiessen Philbrook, H; Thompson, LC; Thongon, N; Tian, B; Tian, F; Tian, Q; Timothy, AT; Tingle, MD; Titze, IR; Tolppanen, H; Tong, W; Toyoda, H; Tronconi, L; Tseng, CH; Tu, H; Tu, YJ; Tung, SY; Turpault, S; Tuynman, JB; Uemoto, AT; Ugurlu, M; Ullah, S; Underwood, RS; Ungell, AL; Usandizaga-Elio, I; Vakonakis, I; van Boxel, GI; van den Beucken, JJJP; van der Boom, T; van Slegtenhorst, MA; Vanni, JR; Vaquera, A; Vasconcellos, RS; Velayos, M; Vena, R; Ventura, G; Verso, MG; Vincent, RP; Vitale, F; Vitali, S; Vlek, SL; Vleugels, MPH; Volkmann, N; Vukelic, M; Wagner Mackenzie, B; Wairagala, P; Waller, SB; Wan, J; Wan, MT; Wan, Y; Wang, CC; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JF; Wang, K; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, S; Wang, WM; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, YD; Wang, YF; Wang, Z; Wang, ZG; Warriner, K; Weberpals, JI; Weerachayaphorn, J; Wehrli, FW; Wei, J; Wei, KL; Weinheimer, CJ; Weisbord, SD; Wen, S; Wendel Garcia, PD; Williams, JW; Williams, R; Winkler, C; Wirman, AP; Wong, S; Woods, CM; Wu, B; Wu, C; Wu, F; Wu, P; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Wu, YN; Wu, ZH; Wurtzel, JGT; Xia, L; Xia, Z; Xia, ZZ; Xiao, H; Xie, C; Xin, ZM; Xing, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, S; Xu, SB; Xu, T; Xu, X; Xu, Y; Xue, L; Xun, J; Yaffe, MB; Yalew, A; Yamamoto, S; Yan, D; Yan, H; Yan, S; Yan, X; Yang, AD; Yang, E; Yang, H; Yang, J; Yang, JL; Yang, K; Yang, M; Yang, P; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, JC; Yao, WL; Yao, Y; Yaqub, TB; Ye, J; Ye, W; Yen, CW; Yeter, HH; Yin, C; Yip, V; Yong-Yi, J; Yu, HJ; Yu, MF; Yu, S; Yu, W; Yu, WW; Yu, X; Yuan, P; Yuan, Q; Yue, XY; Zaia, AA; Zakhary, SY; Zalwango, F; Zamalloa, A; Zamparo, P; Zampini, IC; Zani, JL; Zeitoun, R; Zeng, N; Zenteno, JC; Zepeda-Palacio, C; Zhai, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhao, B; Zhao, D; Zhao, G; Zhao, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, R; Zhao, S; Zhao, T; Zhao, X; Zhao, XA; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhi-Min, G; Zhou, CL; Zhou, HD; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
" An increase in enzyme dosage led to decreased VRs in all NOS isoforms alone and even in combination with L-arginine."	( Modulation of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Type II Diabetes. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Urbach, O, 2021)	0.62
" Higher enzyme dosage seems to be less effective."	( Modulation of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Type II Diabetes. Engel, H; Gazyakan, E; Germann, G; Hirche, C; Reichenberger, MA; Urbach, O, 2021)	0.62
" The rational for divergent dosing and monitoring approaches are discussed in this paper."	( Argatroban Anticoagulation for Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review. Capoccia, M; Geli, J; Maybauer, DM; Maybauer, MO, 2022)	0.72
"Ciraparantag provides a dose-related reversal of anticoagulation induced by steady-state dosing of apixaban or rivaroxaban."	( Ciraparantag reverses the anticoagulant activity of apixaban and rivaroxaban in healthy elderly subjects. Ansell, J; Bakhru, S; Freedman, D; Laulicht, BE; Tracey, G; Villano, S, 2022)	0.72
" In these situations, the type, dosage or the time of last intake of anticoagulants is often unknown and single substance analysis by functional tests is only possible if the substance contained in the sample is known."	( Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and the direct thrombin-inhibitor argatroban by HPLC-MS/MS. Beyer-Westendorf, J; Brückner, L; Pietsch, J; Tiebel, O, 2022)	0.72
" The objective of this work is to define and verify the performance of a dosing protocol for the anti-IIa activity of the argatroban from the STA ECA-II reagent (Diagnostica Stago) and compare them to the Hemoclot Thrombin Inhibitor proposed by Hyphen Biomed based on diluted thrombin time."	( [Performance evaluation of the STA ECA-II reagent for specific assay of anti-IIa activity of argatroban]. Genin, A, 2021)	0.62
" Further research into food sources, dosage and supplementation duration to optimise the ergogenic response to polyphenol consumption is warranted."	( Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Blake, HT; Buckley, JD; Coates, AM; d'Unienville, NMA; Hill, AM; Nelson, MJ, 2021)	0.62
" Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of l-arginine supplementation on BP by conducting a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs)."	( Effect of l-Arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Asbaghi, O; Bagheri, R; Figueroa, A; Mirzaei, K; Shiraseb, F; Wong, A, 2022)	0.72
" The observed efficacy with either dosing regimen indicates potential low humanized doses of 1-5 mg/kg."	( Vancomycin-arginine (STM-001) abrogates ESBL carrier and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli burden in a murine complicated urinary tract infection model. Neville, LF; Rendell, JT; Shalit, I; Warn, PA, 2022)	0.72
" Rats were randomly assigned to one of three dose levels of gentamicin (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg) or a vehicle control group and dosed once daily by subcutaneous injection for either four or ten days."	( Evaluation of Renal Biomarkers, Including Symmetric Dimethylarginine, following Gentamicin-Induced Proximal Tubular Injury in the Rat. Coyne, MJ; Cross, J; Drake, C; Hamlin, DM; Leissinger, MK; Mack, R; McCrann, DJ; Murphy, RE; Schultze, AE; Strong-Townsend, M; Yerramilli, M, 2022)	0.72
" Yet, caution is advised with regard to dosing of argatroban especially in sepsis."	( Thromboprophylaxis with argatroban in critically ill patients with sepsis: a review. Asmis, LM; Bachler, M; Fries, D; Koscielny, J; Lang, T; Nowak, H; Paulus, P; Schewe, JC; von Heymann, C, 2022)	0.72
" injection of 10 mg/kg genistein 2 h prior to L-arginine injection followed by once-daily dosing for 3 days; and AP and high-dose genistein (HG) group: mice were given 100 mg/kg genistein with the similar protocol as the LG group."	( Genistein attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Chayanupatkul, M; Klaikeaw, N; Siriviriyakul, P; Somanawat, K; Sriko, J; Werawatganon, D, 2022)	0.72
" Overall, supplementation with Arg is a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD; however, the dosage of Arg may need to be carefully tailored for different individuals at different disease stages."	( Arginine metabolism regulates the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Guo, YC; Li, JY; Sun, F; Wang, FX; Wang, WZ; Yue, TT; Zhou, HF, 2023)	0.91
" l-arginine coated with chitosan nanoparticles was given to the rats in the l-arginine-supplemented group via gavage at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day, five days a week, for six weeks."	( Swimming exercise and nano-l-arginine supplementation improve oxidative capacity and some autophagy-related genes in the soleus muscle of aging rats. Arabzadeh, E; Feizolahi, F; Mazaheri Tirani, Z; Rahimi, A; Zargani, M, 2023)	0.91
"This study characterized the PK of enterally administered L-citrulline in neonates at risk of developing BPD-PH to devise a model-informed dosing strategy."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-Citrulline in Neonates at Risk of Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Aschner, JL; Avachat, C; Birnbaum, AK; Fike, CD; Sherwin, CM, 2023)	0.91
"This is the first PK study in neonates presenting data that can be used to inform dosing strategies in future randomized controlled trials evaluating enteral L-citrulline as a potential treatment to reduce PH associated with BPD in premature neonates."	( Pharmacokinetics of L-Citrulline in Neonates at Risk of Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Aschner, JL; Avachat, C; Birnbaum, AK; Fike, CD; Sherwin, CM, 2023)	0.91
" Pharmacogenomics will help in selecting drugs and determining the individualized dosage of thiopurine drugs."	( Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, c.415C > T (Arg139Cys) and c.416G > A (Arg139His), in the NUDT15 Gene Are Associated with Thiopurine-Induced Leukopenia. Andoh, A; Fujimoto, N; Hira, D; Ikeda, Y; Inatomi, O; Isono, T; Kawahara, M; Morita, SY; Nishida, A; Noda, S; Terada, T, 2023)	0.91
" However, currently, there are no recommendations set by national health agencies for tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for amino acids because of a lack of well-conducted human dose-response trials."	( Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Individual Amino Acids in Humans: A Narrative Review of Recent Clinical Studies. Elango, R, 2023)	0.91
"Antihypertensives bisoprolol fumarate (BIS) and perindopril arginine (PER) were simultaneously determined in their pure, bulk, and combined tablet dosage form."	( Chromatographic Techniques for Assessment of Bisoprolol Fumarate and Perindopril Arginine in Solid Formulations under Various Stress Conditions and Application to Six Sigma, Content Uniformity, and Comparative Dissolution Approaches. Almalki, MA; Binsaleh, AY; Mahmoud, OA; Mohamed, MA; Omran, AA, 2023)	0.91
" A content uniformity test demonstrated that the drugs in their dosage form met the acceptance limit (85-115%)."	( Chromatographic Techniques for Assessment of Bisoprolol Fumarate and Perindopril Arginine in Solid Formulations under Various Stress Conditions and Application to Six Sigma, Content Uniformity, and Comparative Dissolution Approaches. Almalki, MA; Binsaleh, AY; Mahmoud, OA; Mohamed, MA; Omran, AA, 2023)	0.91
" On the other side, dosage and the interval between cycles of chemotherapy appear to be a determining factor in the activity, but the limits are very narrow."	( [A study of the use of sequential chemotherapy in 176 cases of glioblastoma (author's transl)]. Buge, A; Poisson, M; Pouillart, P, 1978)	0.26
"34 patients operated on for malignant gliomas were successively treated by combination chemotherapy with VM26 and CCNU and conventional radiation therapy with an average dosage of 5,800 Rads, six months after surgery."	( Malignant gliomas treated after surgery by combination chemotherapy and delayed radiation therapy. Part II. Tolerance to irradiation after chemotherapy. Bataini, JP; Hauw, JJ; Mashaly, R; Metzger, J; Pertuiset, BF; Poisson, M; Pouillart, P, 1979)	0.26
" The dose-response curves for leukemic clonogenic cells for both agents when given by iv injection were exponential and biphasic, indicating the existence of two populations."	( Kinetics of cytotoxicity of VM-26 and VP-16-213 on L1210 leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells. Coulter, D; Kalish, R; Valeriote, FA; Vietti, TJ, 1978)	0.26
" The most frequently used dosage schedule was 60 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days every 3 weeks."	( Teniposide in the treatment of small cell lung cancer: a review. Bork, E; Dombernowsky, P; Hansen, HH; Hansen, M, 1992)	0.28
" Despite consistently inadequate dosing and scheduling, early phase I and II trial results with teniposide were promising, and current trends encourage a second look."	( Teniposide in adult solid tumors: a historical perspective. Kelley, SL; Muggia, FM, 1992)	0.28
" There was not a significant correlation between the percent decrease in white blood cell count and the dosage given or the systemic exposure to total teniposide."	( Differences in teniposide disposition and pharmacodynamics in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Evans, WE; Petros, WP; Pui, CH; Relling, MV; Rivera, GK; Rodman, JH; Stewart, CF, 1992)	0.28
"This report describes an unexpected adverse effect in three children receiving teniposide at 3-5 times the conventional dosage (i."	( Somnolence, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis following high-dose teniposide treatment in children with leukemia. Baker, DK; McLeod, HL; Pui, CH; Rodman, JH, 1991)	0.28
" Maintenance with the same drugs in a modified dosage schedule continued for approximately 2 years."	( Multiagent chemotherapy in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Belasco, JB; Luery, N; Scher, C, 1990)	0.28
" We observed that inhibitors of both type I and II topoisomerases induced high levels of sister chromatid exchanges at 10(-6) M, and that the dose-response curves of these drugs were very similar."	( Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by inhibitors of topoisomerases. Jacobson-Kram, D; Lim, M; Liu, LF; Williams, JR, 1986)	0.27
" The optimal dosing for MV26PD remains to be determined."	( Treatment of refractory lymphoma with methotrexate, VM-26 (teniposide), procarbazine, and dexamethasone: Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 7902. Anderson, J; Bloomfield, CD; Cooper, MR; Ginsberg, SJ; Gottlieb, AJ; Hurd, DD; Lachant, NA, 1988)	0.27
" The interpatient pharmacokinetic variability reflected in CI and VM-26 steady state concentrations (Css), obscured any dose-response relationship."	( Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion teniposide: systemic exposure as a determinant of response in a phase I trial. Abromowitch, M; Evans, WE; Hayes, FA; Rivera, GK; Rodman, JH; Sinkule, JA, 1987)	0.27
" Teniposide at this dosage and schedule is an inactive drug in CLL."	( Teniposide is not effective in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Carbone, A; Galligioni, E; Grigoletto, E; Roncadin, M; Tirelli, U; Tumolo, S; Veronesi, A; Zagonel, V, 1986)	0.27
" Either VM26 or VCR was administered on D1, D2 and D3 at the dosage of 1 mg/kg (0."	( [Synchronization chemoradiotherapy for malignant gliomas]. Akanuma, A; Kohno, T; Maehara, T; Nakamura, O; Sano, K; Sato, F; Shitara, N; Takakura, K; Yamamoto, H, 1984)	0.27
" Response, defined as improvement in both clinical examination and computed tomography scan in absence of glucocorticoids dosage increase, was observed in three (17%) of 18 evaluable patients, lasting greater than 21, seven, and two months, respectively."	( Etoposide (VP-16-213) in malignant brain tumors: a phase II study. Canetta, R; D'Incalci, M; Franchin, G; Galligioni, E; Grigoletto, E; Rossi, C; Tirelli, U; Trovò, MG; Tumolo, S; Veronesi, A, 1984)	0.27
" Chemotherapy was given by vein twice a week for four weeks at dosage of 300 mg/m2 for ara-C and 50, 75, 110, 165, or 200 mg/m2 for VM-26."	( Combined VM-26 and cytosine arabinoside in treatment of refractory childhood lymphocytic leukemia. Aur, RJ; Avery, TL; Dahl, GV; Pratt, CB; Rivera, G; Wood, A, 1980)	0.26
" Although this schedule shows high activity in relapsed small-cell lung cancer and lymphoma, it is associated with significant toxicity (around one-third of patients experience grade III/IV leukopenia or neutropenia), which may be related to the observation that the etoposide dose delivered per course in these studies is higher than that obtained with standard dosing over 3-5 days."	( Schedule-dependent topoisomerase II-inhibiting drugs. Joel, SP; Slevin, ML, 1994)	0.29
" This was associated with delivery of 100% of the planned dosage of vincristine, prednisone, and daunorubicin at induction."	( Poor outcome of intensive chemotherapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a possible dose effect. Chan, LC; Chan, TK; Chiu, EK; Kwong, YL; Liang, R; Lie, A; Todd, D, 1994)	0.29
" Recent studies indicate that chronic--for example 21 days--administration of low dose etoposide may be a more effective dosage schedule for some malignancies."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epipodophyllotoxins. Evans, WE; McLeod, HL, 1993)	0.29
" After randomization, 123 patients also received interferon alfa-2b at a dosage of 5 million units three times weekly for 18 months."	( Recombinant interferon alfa-2b combined with a regimen containing doxorubicin in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. Bosly, A; Brice, P; Brousse, N; Haioun, C; Lepage, E; Leporrier, M; Parlier, Y; Peuchmaur, M; Reyes, F; Solal-Celigny, P, 1993)	0.29
"The primary objective for this study was to determine whether controlling pharmacokinetic variability, by designing patient-specific dosage regimens for teniposide using a Bayesian estimation control strategy, would permit an increase in dose intensity without increased toxicity."	( Escalating teniposide systemic exposure to increase dose intensity for pediatric cancer patients. Evans, WE; Furman, WL; Rivera, G; Rodman, JH; Sunderland, M, 1993)	0.29
" With the use of the patient-specific dosage regimens, the intensity of systemic exposure was increased 50% (1,656 mumol."	( Escalating teniposide systemic exposure to increase dose intensity for pediatric cancer patients. Evans, WE; Furman, WL; Rivera, G; Rodman, JH; Sunderland, M, 1993)	0.29
" IFNalpha was withdrawn because of toxicity in 10% of the patients, and a dosage reduction or temporary suspension was required in 28%."	( Doxorubicin-containing regimen with or without interferon alfa-2b for advanced follicular lymphomas: final analysis of survival and toxicity in the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires 86 Trial. Bouabdallah, R; Brice, P; Brousse, N; Coiffier, B; Doyen, C; Gabarre, J; Haïoun, C; Lepage, E; Pignon, B; Rossi, JF; Solal-Céligny, P; Tendler, CL; Tertian, G, 1998)	0.3
" The IFN dosage was 5 x 10(6) U three times weekly for 18 months."	( Quality-of-life-adjusted survival analysis of interferon alfa-2b treatment for advanced follicular lymphoma: an aid to clinical decision making. Cole, BF; Gelber, RD; Gisselbrecht, C; Goldhirsch, A; Lepage, E; Reyes, F; Sebban, C; Solal-Céligny, P; Sugano, D; Tendler, C, 1998)	0.3
"In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the clinical benefit of a platinum-based doublet is only modest, therefore, attenuated dosed three-drug combinations are investigated."	( Prophylactic G-CSF and antibiotics enable a significant dose-escalation of triplet-chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Beijnen, JH; Bussink, J; Huitema, AD; Punt, CJ; Timmer-Bonte, JN; Tjan-Heijnen, VC; van Die, CE; vd Heijden, HF, 2008)	0.35

Role	Description
nutraceutical	A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
biomarker	A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
micronutrient	Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
arginine	An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.
L-alpha-amino acid	Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
glutamine family amino acid	An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.
proteinogenic amino acid	Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism ( Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism )	22	37
L-Arginino-succinic acid = L-Arginine + Fumaric acid ( Citrate cycle )	1	3
Arginine and Proline metabolism ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	42	55
L-Arginine + Glycine = L-Ornithine + Guanidino-acetic acid ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )	1	4
Glycine and Serine metabolism ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )	36	49
Neuroinflammation	0	10
Nitric oxide metabolism in cystic fibrosis	0	6
RAS and bradykinin pathways in COVID-19	1	13
Disturbed pathways in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	2	11
D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism	0	9
AtMetExpress overview	0	109
Folate metabolism	1	56
Effects of nitric oxide	0	7
Endothelin pathways	0	13
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)	3	10
Metabolism overview	0	78
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Physico-chemical features and toxicity-associated pathways	0	9
Amino acid metabolism	0	94
NO/cGMP/PKG mediated neuroprotection	0	16
Glucose homeostasis	0	21

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.0173	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID1705; AID2517
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.2818	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	56.2341	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
NFKB1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.2512	0.0282	7.0559	15.8489	AID895; AID928
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624146
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3096	0.0013	18.0743	39.8107	AID926
alpha-galactosidase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	4.4668	18.3916	35.4813	AID2107
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.5595	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0025	5.8400	31.6228	AID899
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID488953
flap endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0752	0.1337	25.4129	89.1251	AID588795
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0501	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.3981	0.0010	6.0009	35.4813	AID943
lethal factor (plasmid)	Bacillus anthracis str. A2012	Potency	12.5893	0.0200	10.7869	31.6228	AID912
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	0.0048	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID485368
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	283.0000	158.0000	220.5000	283.0000	AID1745863
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.1813	0.5000	AID977611
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.1813	0.5000	AID977611
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	Kd	0.0140	0.0140	0.1813	0.5000	AID977611
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	7.0000	5.1000	6.3667	7.0000	AID321793; AID415946
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	25.0000	0.4280	2.1647	4.5000	AID1364714
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)	Km	1.1000	1.1000	1.1000	1.1000	AID620028
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	2.7000	2.7000	2.7000	2.7000	AID620024
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Km	9.5000	9.5000	9.5000	9.5000	AID620026
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	14.0000	0.1000	0.1000	0.1000	AID92307
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	5.7000	2.8000	5.7000	8.6000	AID362522; AID415945
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lipid hydroxylation	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylation	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrion organization	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
blood coagulation	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
response to hypoxia	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
striated muscle contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast fusion	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to heat	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organismal response to stress	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hydrolase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptake	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response in mucosa	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
superoxide metabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular respiration	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to type II interferon	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine import across plasma membrane	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-lysine import across plasma membrane	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ornithine import across plasma membrane	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transport	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ornithine transmembrane transport	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
quinine 3-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
metal ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel regulator activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
FMN binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium channel regulator activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cadmium ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-dependent protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
FMN binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
caveola	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
photoreceptor inner segment	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemma	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell periphery	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisome	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisomal matrix	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cortical cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cationic amino acid transporter 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347410	qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library	2019	Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60	A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347151	Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347057	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347405	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID588349	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347050	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347058	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347045	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347049	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347059	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID580449	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as inflammation at 3 to 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID620031	Selectivity ratio of km for bovine eNOS to km for mouse iNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID590841	Decrease in TRP5 mRNA level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 at 1 mg/ml by Northern blot analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	N5-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO): a convenient synthesis and investigation of influence on regulation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID680410	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 60 uM, Arginine: 5000 uM) in OCTN1-expressing HEK293 cells	1999	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, May, Volume: 289, Issue:2	Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations.
AID1637023	Induction of insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets at 15 mM in presence of glucose	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Discovery of novel potent imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine PDE10a inhibitors.
AID1092076	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as inhibition of lession area at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 6 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID1092085	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 3 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID580452	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as effect on respiratory rate at 3 to 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump measured during drug infusion	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID590840	Decrease in CPA1 mRNA level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 at 1 mg/ml by Northern blot analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	N5-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO): a convenient synthesis and investigation of influence on regulation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID681684	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Carnitine uptake (Carnitine: 0.010? uM, Arginine: 500 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HEK293 cells	1999	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 291, Issue:2	Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance.
AID1092071	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of defensive enzyme chitinase activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured after 3 da	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID580458	Plasma concentration in patient with severe malaria at 3 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID26797	Partition coefficient (logP)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10	Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID450158	Inhibition of alpha-dicarbonyls-induced advanced glycation end product formation assessed as protection against 50 eq. MG-induced insulin degradation at 3.75 mM after 24 hrs by RP-HPLC	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6	N-Terminal 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dap) peptides as efficient methylglyoxal scavengers to inhibit advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID269127	Area under DAF2 monitored nitrite production in GH3 cells-incubation period curve	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 49, Issue:16	Galactosyl derivatives of L-arginine and D-arginine: synthesis, stability, cell permeation, and nitric oxide production in pituitary GH3 cells.
AID539927	Antiviral activity against Feline coronavirus FIPV infected in cat CRFK cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 2 days by MTS assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11	Synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)H-ones.
AID315046	Protection against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury assessed as effect on malondialdehyde level in Wistar rat liver at 30 mg/kg	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Protective effect of nitronyl nitroxide-amino acid conjugates on liver ischemia-reperfusion induced injury in rats.
AID1305429	Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for human erythrocytes to MIC for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID228484	NO-releasing ability under the oxidation by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of H2O2 for 20min, expressed as nitrite concentration	2002	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11	Electrochemical and peroxidase oxidation study of N'-hydroxyguanidine derivatives as NO donors.
AID198302	Cleavage rate against hairpin ribozyme at 5 mM with 0.5 uM magnesium ions	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-03, Volume: 11, Issue:23	Novel spermine-amino acid conjugates and basic tripeptides enhance cleavage of the hairpin ribozyme at low magnesium ion concentration.
AID1228660	Inhibition of ACE (unknown origin) using 3-Hydroxybutylyl-Gly-Gly-Gly substrate assessed as reduction in 3-Hyroxybutylic acid generation incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Top-down Targeted Metabolomics Reveals a Sulfur-Containing Metabolite with Inhibitory Activity against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Asparagus officinalis.
AID1092070	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of defensive enzyme beta-1,3-glucanase activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured a	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1092078	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 5 mM injected near root area measured after 12 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID400227	Antifouling activity against Balanus improvisus amphitrite assessed as inhibition of cyprid larval settlement at 0.1 to 10 uM after 3 to 4 days relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 67, Issue:3	Antifouling activity of brominated cyclopeptides from the marine sponge Geodia barretti.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID590843	Decrease in TAP-tagged CPA1 protein level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae YSC1178-7502950 at 1 mg/ml by Western blotting analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	N5-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO): a convenient synthesis and investigation of influence on regulation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID1092073	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of defensive enzyme phenylalanine ammonialyase activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment me	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID269129	Permeability across GH3 cell membrane	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 49, Issue:16	Galactosyl derivatives of L-arginine and D-arginine: synthesis, stability, cell permeation, and nitric oxide production in pituitary GH3 cells.
AID620030	Selectivity ratio of km rat nNOS to km mouse iNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID620028	Activity of bovine eNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID580456	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as decrease of systolic blood pressure at 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1364714	Substrate activity at recombinant bovine eNOS assessed as enzyme mediated nitrite production after 40 mins by Griess reagent base LDH assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Synthesis and hyperpolarisation of eNOS substrates for quantification of NO production by
AID521220	Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay	2007	Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5	Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1092084	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 5 mM injected near root area measured after 3 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID92307	NO releasing ability of compound measured through formation of nitrite using inducible nitric oxide synthase	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-03, Volume: 11, Issue:17	N-hydroxyl derivatives of guanidine based drugs as enzymatic NO donors.
AID580462	Terminal half life in patient with severe malaria administered as iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1303219	Inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in HEK cells assessed as reduction in uptake of [3H]-gabapentin at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting based cis-inhibition assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 26, Issue:11	LAT-1 activity of meta-substituted phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs.
AID620024	Activity of rat nNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID580448	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as pain at drug infusion site at 3 to 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID315048	Protection against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury assessed as effect on alanine aminotransferase level in Wistar rat liver at 30 mg/kg	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Protective effect of nitronyl nitroxide-amino acid conjugates on liver ischemia-reperfusion induced injury in rats.
AID681113	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-tryptophan uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2001	The Journal of biological chemistry, May-18, Volume: 276, Issue:20	Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
AID315047	Protection against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury assessed as effect on aspartate aminotransferase level in Wistar rat liver at 30 mg/kg	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Protective effect of nitronyl nitroxide-amino acid conjugates on liver ischemia-reperfusion induced injury in rats.
AID1092069	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of defensive enzyme beta-1,3-glucanase activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured a	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID233318	Bitter threshold value	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10	Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID580451	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as effect on pulse rate at 3 to 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump measured after drug infusion	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1303218	Substrate activity at human LAT1 expressed in HEK cells assessed as efflux rate of [3H]-gabapentin at 200 uM after 5 to 180 secs by scintillation counting based trans-stimulation assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 26, Issue:11	LAT-1 activity of meta-substituted phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs.
AID386441	Activity at human recombinant wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID620026	Activity of mouse iNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID1588255	Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis r	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16	l-Type amino acid transporter 1 activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl analogs of l-histidine and l-tryptophan.
AID1092065	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as increase in NOS activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured after 3 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID1092080	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 0.5 mM injected near root area measured after 12 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID238114	Dissociation constant of the compound	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 47, Issue:17	Validation of automated docking programs for docking and database screening against RNA drug targets.
AID580459	Plasma concentration in patient with severe malaria at 6 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1092082	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 6 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID1092075	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as inhibition of lession area at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 9 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID580454	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as decrease of systolic blood pressure at 3 to 6 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1713511	Inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in HEK293-T-Rex cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake at 200 uM by scintillation counting cis-inhibition assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 26, Issue:20	LAT1 activity of carboxylic acid bioisosteres: Evaluation of hydroxamic acids as substrates.
AID1092074	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as inhibition of lession area at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 12 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID539926	Cytotoxicity against cat CRFK cells by MTS assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11	Synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)H-ones.
AID321793	Binding affinity to truncated iNOS construct (1-490) by spectral assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	N(G)-aminoguanidines from primary amines and the preparation of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.
AID590842	Decrease in TAP-tagged ARG5,6 protein level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae YSC1178-7500224 at 1 mg/ml by Western blotting analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	N5-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO): a convenient synthesis and investigation of influence on regulation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID588209	Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID580453	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as effect on respiratory rate at 3 to 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump measured after drug infusion	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID68159	Evaluation as substrate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by hemoglobin assay using NOHA as control	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Isoform-selective substrates of nitric oxide synthase.
AID1092066	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as increase in NO content at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured after 3 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID94678	In vivo blood glucose was determined in obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant KKAy mice after a dose of 500 mg/kg for 4 days	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 44, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of analogues of the antidiabetic/antiobesity agent 3-guanidinopropionic acid: discovery of a novel aminoguanidinoacetic acid antidiabetic agent.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID386447	Ratio of Kcat to Km for human recombinant wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID1092067	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of total phenolics content at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured after 3 days relative	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID1713510	Substrate activity at human LAT1 expressed in HEK293-T-Rex cells assessed as [3H]-gabapentin efflux preincubated for 30 mins followed by treated at 200 uM by scintillation counting trans-stimulation assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 26, Issue:20	LAT1 activity of carboxylic acid bioisosteres: Evaluation of hydroxamic acids as substrates.
AID92180	Evaluation as substrate of Inducible nitric oxide synthase by hemoglobin assay using NOHA as control	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Isoform-selective substrates of nitric oxide synthase.
AID1092068	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of defensive enzyme beta-1,3-glucanase activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured a	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID620027	Ratio of Kcat to Km for mouse iNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID269128	Increase in DAF2 monitored NO production in BAEC at 10 mM after 30 mins	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 49, Issue:16	Galactosyl derivatives of L-arginine and D-arginine: synthesis, stability, cell permeation, and nitric oxide production in pituitary GH3 cells.
AID620029	Ratio of Kcat to Km for bovine eNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID1588254	Trans-stimulation of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as induction of [3H]-gabapentin efflux at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting analysis relative to L-phenylalanine	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16	l-Type amino acid transporter 1 activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl analogs of l-histidine and l-tryptophan.
AID1305427	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID307228	Antinociceptive effect in mouse assessed as number of writhes for 10 mins at 50 mg/kg, ip	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	4-substituted indazoles as new inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID1092072	Induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea-induced Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as induction of defensive enzyme polyphenoloxidase activity at 1 mM preharvest treatment measured af	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID590844	Decrease in TAP-tagged TRP5 protein level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae YSC1178-7500415 at 1 mg/ml by Western blotting analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	N5-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO): a convenient synthesis and investigation of influence on regulation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID362522	Activity of human recombinant iNOS expressed in Escherichia coli	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16	Reductive heme-dependent activation of the n-oxide prodrug AQ4N by nitric oxide synthase.
AID590839	Decrease in ARG5,6 mRNA level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 at 1 mg/ml by Northern blot analysis relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	N5-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine (PALO): a convenient synthesis and investigation of influence on regulation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID539928	Antiviral activity against Feline herpes virus infected in cat CRFK cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 2 days by MTS assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11	Synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)H-ones.
AID1398361	Trans-stimulation of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as induction of [3H]-gabapentin efflux at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting analysis relative to L-phenylalanine	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID580460	Plasma concentration in patient with severe malaria at 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1092086	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 0.5 mM injected near root area measured after 3 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID1398360	Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake at 200 uM preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16	Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID580461	Primary phase half life in patient with severe malaria administered as iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1305426	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID1092077	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as inhibition of lession area at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 3 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID580457	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as decrease of diastolic blood pressure at 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1305424	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 16 hrs by broth microdilution method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID580450	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as effect on pulse rate at 3 to 12 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump measured during drug infusion	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1305430	Therapeutic index, ratio of HC50 for human erythrocytes to MIC for Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID146287	NO releasing ability of compound measured through formation of nitrite using neuronal nitric oxide synthase	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-03, Volume: 11, Issue:17	N-hydroxyl derivatives of guanidine based drugs as enzymatic NO donors.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1092083	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 0.5 mM injected near root area measured after 6 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID146280	Evaluation as substrate of Neuronal nitric oxide synthase by hemoglobin assay using NOHA as control	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Isoform-selective substrates of nitric oxide synthase.
AID1092079	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 1 mM injected near root area measured after 12 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID243684	Percentage inhibition against tryptase at 10 uM	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 15, Issue:6	Combinatorial approaches towards the discovery of new tryptase inhibitors.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID580455	Toxicity in patient with severe malaria assessed as decrease of diastolic blood pressure at 3 to 6 g, iv for 30 mins via infusion pump	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine in adults with moderately severe malaria.
AID1092064	Effect on mycelial growth of Botryotinia fuckeliana relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID415945	Activity of iNOS assessed as oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin by indirect spectral assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	4,4-Difluorinated analogues of l-arginine and N(G)-hydroxy-l-arginine as mechanistic probes for nitric oxide synthase.
AID1092081	Induction of resistance to Botryotinia fuckeliana-induced tomato fruit Solanum lycopersicum cv. No. 4 Zhongshu gray mold disease assessed as disease incidence at 5 mM injected near root area measured after 6 days relative to control	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jun-22, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
AID198301	Cleavage rate against hairpin ribozyme at 2 mM, in presence of 0.5 uM magnesium ions	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-03, Volume: 11, Issue:23	Novel spermine-amino acid conjugates and basic tripeptides enhance cleavage of the hairpin ribozyme at low magnesium ion concentration.
AID1305428	Toxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis after 1 hr by spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13	Triterpene sapogenin-polyarginine conjugates exhibit promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID415946	Binding affinity to iNOS with heme domain construct assessed as spectral binding constant by spectral assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	4,4-Difluorinated analogues of l-arginine and N(G)-hydroxy-l-arginine as mechanistic probes for nitric oxide synthase.
AID620025	Ratio of Kcat to Km for rat nNOS by Michaelis-Menten equation analysis	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 19, Issue:20	Synthesis of a series of 3,4-methanoarginines as side-chain conformationally restricted analogues of arginine.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	1994	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 269, Issue:42	Structural basis for multiple ligand specificity of the periplasmic lysine-, arginine-, ornithine-binding protein.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	1994	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 269, Issue:42	Structural basis for multiple ligand specificity of the periplasmic lysine-, arginine-, ornithine-binding protein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10811 (23.66)	18.7374
1990's	11557 (25.29)	18.2507
2000's	11071 (24.22)	29.6817
2010's	9413 (20.60)	24.3611
2020's	2849 (6.23)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1,688 (3.64%)	5.53%
Trials	177 (17.42%)	5.53%
Reviews	2,561 (5.52%)	6.00%
Reviews	90 (8.86%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1,274 (2.75%)	4.05%
Case Studies	45 (4.43%)	4.05%
Observational	81 (0.17%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	40,784 (87.92%)	84.16%
Other	704 (69.29%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	10.85	8	1	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.46	2	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.01	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group.	2.04	1	0	chloroethanol	xenobiotic metabolite
alpha-hydroxyglutarate 2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.	5.67	7	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-oxo-3-methylvalerate alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).	2	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	human metabolite
alpha-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.	2	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.	2.41	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; short-chain fatty acid
2-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-phosphoglyceric acid : A monophosphoglyceric acid having the phospho group at the 2-position.	2.31	1	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	2.67	3	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	6.54	18	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	7.31	1	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-chloroalanine 3-chloroalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-chloroalanine : A chloroalanine obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a chloro group.	1.99	1	0	chloroalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound
5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.	2.11	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-hydroxykynurenine 3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.	2.96	4	0	hydroxykynurenine	human metabolite
3-oxoadipic acid 3-oxoadipic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid consisting of adipic acid having a single oxo group at the 3-position.	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic fatty acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	2.44	2	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	10.71	26	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
3-phenylpropionic acid 3-phenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-phenylpropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group.	1.99	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid	antifungal agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids	2.35	2	0
n-carbamoyl-beta-alanine N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine : A beta-alanine derivative that is propionic acid bearing a ureido group at position 3.	2	1	0	beta-alanine derivative	metabolite; mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	8.18	136	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: the aglycone of gastrodin. p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.	2.31	1	0	benzyl alcohols; phenols	plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.02	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	3.86	4	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	1.99	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	10.26	12	1	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid 5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	human metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	4.4	8	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	3.75	10	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	4.99	38	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	3.49	8	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	7.94	4	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	2.36	2	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	4.51	25	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.	1.96	1	0	acyl monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenine [no description available]	7.51	126	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	10.87	120	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	4.23	18	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	17.38	540	14	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2.67	3	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	2.69	3	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.93	13	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	12.94	25	1	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.75	3	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	3.35	7	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	6.23	18	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.13	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	9.46	37	3	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	aryl phosphate
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	8.9	13	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic Acid: Hydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.. hydrobromide : Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.. hydrogen bromide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms.	2.06	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.05	5	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	9.98	12	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	4.17	17	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	13.58	88	0	amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).	11.85	36	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ureidosuccinic acid ureidosuccinic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-carbamoylaspartic acid : An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group.	1.98	1	0	aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; N-carbamoyl-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	9.28	82	2	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	8.08	5	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	2.89	4	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	12.49	61	5	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.69	3	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	4.67	28	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	10.17	58	2	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	3.97	4	0	tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	10.5	67	9	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	8.94	169	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	10.29	55	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	3.85	11	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.41	7	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
aminoethylphosphonic acid Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.	2.41	2	0	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.38	2	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
2,3-diaminopropionic acid 3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.	2.05	1	0	alanine derivative; amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid; diamino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	4.3	18	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	3.39	7	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	3.02	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	6.66	28	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	7.49	2	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
nornicotine nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure	2.37	2	0
dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.	2.01	1	0	thio-fatty acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
trimethylenediamine trimethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a propane skeleton with amino substituents at positions 1 and 3.	1.97	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; reagent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	12.5	18	3	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.08	4	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
3-chlorobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzoic acid	drug metabolite
oxaluric acid oxaluric acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is amino(oxo)acetic acid substituted by a carbamoylamino group at the nitrogen atom.	1.96	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.93	4	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	5.93	9	1	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.	5.64	14	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite
2,4-diaminobutyric acid 2,4-diaminobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid : A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.	2.05	1	0	diamino acid; gamma-amino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
taxifolin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; pentahydroxyflavanone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
phosphomevalonic acid phosphomevalonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	monoalkyl phosphate
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	3.06	5	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
gamma-guanidinobutyric acid gamma-guanidinobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by a guanidino group at position 4.. 4-guanidinobutanoate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-guanidinobutanoic acid.. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid : The 4-guanidino derivative of butanoic acid.	4	14	0	guanidines; monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	26.91	2,126	232	alpha-amino acid
n-carbamoylputrescine N-carbamoylputrescine : An N-substituted putrescine where the N-substituent is a carbamoyl group.	2.38	2	0	N-substituted putrescine
trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.	2.6	1	0	cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	8.14	25	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.	1.97	1	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
4-nitrobenzaldehyde 4-nitrobenzaldehyde: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzaldehyde : A C-nitro compound that is benzaldehyde substituted at the para-position with a nitro group.	2.13	1	0	benzaldehydes; C-nitro compound
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.38	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	3.94	13	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
alpha-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric acid 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-oxopentanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carbamimidamido group.	10.24	12	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	11.7	31	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	4.9	1	1	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	15.82	192	8	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	13.69	79	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.69	3	0	dipeptide
alanine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion	fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	13.07	137	25	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate: isomeric with isopentenyl pyrophosphate. prenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate that is a phosphoantigen comprising the O-pyrophosphate of prenol.	2.01	1	0	prenol phosphate	epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
5,6-dihydroorotate 4,5-dihydroorotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. dihydroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N(alpha)-carbethoxyasparagine.	2.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; N-acylurea; pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid; secondary amide
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	8.31	162	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7,8-diaminopelargonic acid 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid: structure. 7,8-diaminononanoic acid : An amino fatty acid carrying amino substituents at positions 7 and 8. Some of its isomers are naturally occurring intermediates of biotin synthesis, and targets of antimicrobial and herbicide development.	2.42	2	0	amino fatty acid; amino monocarboxylic acid
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	1.95	1	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	7.35	2	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.	3.4	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethylamine [no description available]	3.31	6	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.	2	1	0	dimethylbenzimidazole	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	8.77	22	3	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	8.08	5	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	8.64	76	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	3.08	5	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
gamma-butyrobetaine 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate : An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	amino-acid betaine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.46	2	0	chlorocyclohexane
glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.	9.08	4	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
glycine [no description available]	20.85	1,558	26	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	4.11	16	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	11.09	102	5	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	2.37	2	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glycolaldehyde [no description available]	2.41	2	0	glycolaldehydes	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	3.69	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	4.24	5	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.	15.39	69	8	guanidinoacetic acids; zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.82	2	1	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	8.95	107	1	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	9.73	25	4
histamine [no description available]	10.11	135	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	8	67	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	8.6	9	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	4.98	39	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	4.27	18	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	2.7	3	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	4.33	6	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	10.49	22	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	3.76	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate [no description available]	2.44	2	0
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	8.37	34	2	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	8.33	19	2	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	8.17	5	0	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin	2.08	1	0	dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	8.36	17	4	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	7.4	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.	4.75	5	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	12.3	109	6	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	10.62	25	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	3.84	12	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	9.86	45	5	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	10.2	57	2	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.35	2	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.42	2	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	10.72	27	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	6.07	47	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	11.82	20	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	26.28	687	66	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	7.33	19	2	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	3.73	10	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	20.56	786	51	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	11.69	21	1	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
2-succinylbenzoate o-succinylbenzoic acid: structure	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.1	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	3.8	3	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	10.91	115	2	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	3.23	6	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.43	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	2.91	4	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	3.58	9	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	3.91	12	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.88	4	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	4.1	15	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	7.76	3	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	2.64	3	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	11.08	16	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	4.28	6	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	4.17	17	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	4.08	15	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.	2.72	3	0	phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound	algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	4.02	4	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen [no description available]	11.8	11	1	aralkylamino compound; dicarboxylic acid; pyrroles	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	7.21	10	3	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.05	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.33	7	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	3.25	6	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	6	21	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	3.91	13	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	10.76	167	2	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	4.48	7	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	2.4	2	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	7.68	3	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	5.38	11	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	8.24	95	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	5.64	14	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.	2.01	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	11.67	47	4	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 5-phosphate pyridoxine 5-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	9.07	15	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	5.95	33	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	8.38	7	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	3.05	5	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	3.08	5	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	7.82	13	2	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	1.96	1	0	selenium oxoacid
shikimic acid-3-phosphate shikimic acid-3-phosphate: RN given refers to (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.67	3	0
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	4.22	18	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	8.7	127	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	9.33	113	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	10.56	22	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	12.3	118	2	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	12.19	30	1	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	8.37	100	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	11.26	49	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	4.97	10	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	7.15	1	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	9.65	157	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	11.01	69	6	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	20.05	901	29	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.	2.69	3	0	uroporphyrinogen	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.07	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	5.17	11	1	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.	2.39	2	0	prenol phosphate	antigen; antioxidant; epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	3.86	3	0	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	5.66	30	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzazepine
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin 7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	tetralins
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.68	3	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	5.43	20	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	3.61	9	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	2.38	2	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	3.24	6	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	2.68	3	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.93	4	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	2.03	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.99	4	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.7	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-diaminodecane [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.69	3	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	2.88	4	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets	1.98	1	0
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	3.5	8	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.69	3	0
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.	2.03	1	0	isoquinolinol	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
my 5445 MY 5445: potential platelet aggregation inhibitor	3.08	5	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.39	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse	3.11	5	0	imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	2.44	2	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	8.45	62	1	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.01	1	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	2.42	2	0	imidazoles
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2.03	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	4.44	21	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.	2.01	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	5.65	75	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	3.38	7	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	1.95	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.47	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	3.79	11	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-4-picoline 2-amino-4-picoline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4h-1,3-thiazine 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine: a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	1,3-thiazine
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide 2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide: structure. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.	2.39	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline
2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	organochlorine compound
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	5.11	46	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist	1.98	1	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate: inhibits phospholipase C and serine esterases; structure in first source	2.37	2	0
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	2.13	1	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.	2.41	2	0	isocoumarins; organochlorine compound	geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor
zopolrestat zopolrestat: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.	1.99	1	0	benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	4.12	3	1	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	3.09	5	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
phaclofen phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion; zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.91	4	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.	2.35	2	0	aminopropionitrile	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole [no description available]	2.76	3	0
meglutol Meglutol: An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the two hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a hydroxy group, while the other is substituted by a methyl group. It has been found to accumulate in urine of patients suffering from HMG-CoA lyase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, EC 4.1.3.4) deficiency. It occurs as a plant metabolite in Crotalaria dura.	2.31	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid; tertiary alcohol	anticholesteremic drug; antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.36	7	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.03	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	7.98	4	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;	2.03	1	0	benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide
4-aminobenzamidine 4-aminobenzamidine: a urokinase inhibitor; inhibits acrosin; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	3.7	10	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2.39	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
chlorocresol chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.	2.13	1	0	hydroxytoluene; monochlorobenzenes	antimicrobial agent; disinfectant; ryanodine receptor agonist
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.	2.69	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	3.39	7	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.	2.03	1	0	carbohydrazide; phenols
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.	2.03	1	0	1,2,5-oxadiazole; benzenes; N-oxide; nitrile	geroprotector; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	3.49	8	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	5.09	14	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site	2.43	2	0	quinolines
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	2.39	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
5-dimethylamiloride 5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity	2.04	1	0
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; azepanes; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; odorant receptor antagonist; sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2.72	3	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
5-carboxamidotryptamine 5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source	3.08	5	0	tryptamines
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd	3.13	5	0	medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	3.7	10	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenanthridone phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.	2.03	1	0	lactam; phenanthridines	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen
6-chloromelatonin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acetamides
6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.	2.43	2	0	organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	8.88	152	0
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	4	14	0
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	3.86	12	0
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	6.93	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	8.25	6	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	3.09	5	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.71	3	0	monoazo compound
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	3.59	2	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	8.13	17	3	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	7.42	14	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.96	4	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.59	2	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
n-acetylphenylalanine N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.	1.97	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative	antidepressant; metabolite
acridone acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.	2.05	1	0	acridines; cyclic ketone
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	3.07	5	0
ag 127 tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon	2.03	1	0	nitrophenol
rtki cpd [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; geroprotector
tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	catechols
tyrphostin 25 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzenetriol
tyrphostin a1 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes	geroprotector
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.23	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole [no description available]	4.24	5	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	12.79	33	9	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	3.89	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	3.23	1	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure	2.42	2	0
alpha-methylserotonin alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
alpha-methyl-dl-aspartate 2-methylaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.77	3	0
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
alpha-methylornithine alpha-methylornithine: inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.66	3	0
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	3.23	1	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	3.57	2	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
aluminum fluoride [no description available]	8.39	7	0	aluminium coordination entity
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.44	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
am 580 Am 580: a selctive retinoic acid receptor (alpha) agonist; structure given in first source. 4-{[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)benzoic acid with the anilino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid. A selective RARalpha agonist.	2.01	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; tetralins	antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	5.5	4	1	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
amfonelic acid amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant	2.03	1	0
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	3.8	3	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	4.54	4	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.94	4	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	11.79	217	4	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	8.36	23	5	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	9.41	122	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	4.4	6	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	4.79	5	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	8.36	16	4	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.03	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	4.08	4	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.7	3	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	5.25	3	1	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
aniracetam [no description available]	2.03	1	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	10.18	22	2	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	2.03	1	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	4.02	13	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	3.26	6	0	guanidines
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.15	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	15.62	140	14	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	12.21	16	2	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid
atrazine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	2.68	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	6.51	8	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.	2.03	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	7.33	2	0	azobenzenes
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	4.76	7	1
azepexole [no description available]	2.67	3	0
baclofen [no description available]	9.5	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	4.01	14	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	3.59	2	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	3.82	3	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	7.41	2	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.69	3	0	benzamides
benzamidine benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.	9.19	17	0	benzenes; carboxamidine	serine protease inhibitor
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	5.92	7	1	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
mellitic acid mellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. mellitic acid : A benzene-derived hexacarboxylic acid in which each carbon of benzene carries a carboxy substituent.	2.13	1	0	hexacarboxylic acid
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	5.24	3	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	3.97	13	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.41	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.03	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
betaxolol [no description available]	3.79	3	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	4.5	7	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.	2.01	1	0	hydroquinones
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	4.08	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	3.23	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.44	2	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.42	2	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	12.28	6	2	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
bml 190 indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor	2.03	1	0	N-acylindole
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
brimonidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	imidazoles; quinoxaline derivative; secondary amine	adrenergic agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
bumetanide [no description available]	5.44	7	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	1.98	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.75	3	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	4.25	5	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	9.28	5	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital	3.23	1	0	barbiturates
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	1.95	1	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	9.56	60	2	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	7.68	48	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	8.36	7	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.	2.39	2	0	benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	4	14	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	8.12	5	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	6.3	11	1	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	5.9	13	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbetapentane carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	benzenes
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	3.23	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	3.85	3	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	3.11	5	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carvedilol [no description available]	7.61	9	2	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	3.4	7	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	7.38	2	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
celecoxib [no description available]	10.05	12	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cefixime Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.	7.08	1	0
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	3.59	2	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.92	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.68	3	0	pyridinium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.91	4	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
cgs 12066 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.03	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyrroloquinoxaline	serotonergic agonist
cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	3.51	8	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.9	4	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	4.2	5	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	4.03	4	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	3.85	3	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.36	23	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	4.49	4	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	10.97	8	1	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	10.7	27	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	10.93	14	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	7.02	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	3.23	1	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	4.26	5	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
ciclopirox [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone	antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure	2.41	2	0	quinolines
cilostazol [no description available]	8.43	12	1	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	5.29	17	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.15	1	0
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.72	3	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	3.13	5	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	5	11	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.67	3	0	aromatic ether
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.95	4	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	9.66	8	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.31	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.39	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	5.52	13	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	3.86	3	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	3.86	3	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	3.23	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	13.73	96	10	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	3.23	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	4.64	8	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	2.73	3	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.46	2	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
cx546 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
cyclocreatine cyclocreatine: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	3.58	9	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.	2.03	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	11.08	9	1	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cystamine [no description available]	3.47	8	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.48	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	8.1	5	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.95	4	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	5.63	5	1	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	7.68	3	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.72	3	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.43	2	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	7.88	23	1	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
dephostatin dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	4.74	9	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nonivamide nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.	8.87	2	1	capsaicinoid; phenols	lachrymator
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	5.03	13	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	9.4	65	1	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
r 59022 R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist	2.4	2	0	diarylmethane
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	6.8	31	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.02	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	11.94	57	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.03	1	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	8.65	30	2	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.42	2	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	7.31	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	6.19	44	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.71	3	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	6.21	10	1	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	4.27	5	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimaprit Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.	1.98	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	4.03	4	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihexadecanoyl phosphatidic acid : A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	2.05	1	0	phosphatidic acid
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	9.7	9	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	3.94	13	0	organic cation
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	11.75	18	1	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	3.85	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	4.21	5	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.36	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	11.75	24	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.65	9	0
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	2.69	3	0
p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.	2.52	2	0
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.	2.69	3	0	N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.	2.03	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.39	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	3.23	1	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.81	3	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	3.59	2	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	3.23	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	3.85	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dsp 4 DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.4	2	0
dup 697 DuP 697: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	thiophenes
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	3.23	1	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
ebastine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.95	4	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	5.2	3	1	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	2.41	2	0
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.03	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	5.68	5	1	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	7.17	1	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	3.24	6	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.05	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
epirizole Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.	6.98	1	0	aromatic ether
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	4.81	32	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	3.59	2	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	4.33	6	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	7.36	2	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	9.24	5	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	2.9	4	0	phenoxazine
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	3.86	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	4.09	4	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
s-ethyl n-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isothiourea S-ethyl N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isothiourea: structure in first source	2.4	2	0
brl 42810 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	3.1	5	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	4.26	5	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	4.08	4	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	10.65	7	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	6.79	10	2	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	3.56	2	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	7.74	3	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	3.86	3	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level	3.86	3	0	benzodioxoles
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	9.29	5	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	4.25	5	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.94	4	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	3.49	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	4.68	8	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.98	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	3.23	1	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	8.2	34	1	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	6.88	20	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	3.49	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	9.98	12	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	4.26	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	3.8	3	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
formoterol fumarate N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent.	2.03	1	0	formamides; phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	4.25	5	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fosfosal fosfosal: reagent for testing the activity of certain enzymes	2.49	2	0	aryl phosphate
fpl 64176 FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.	2.03	1	0	carboxylic ester; pyrroles	calcium channel agonist
furafylline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	2.21	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	9.17	36	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	2.03	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	4.75	9	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.	10.1	8	0	benzoate ester
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure	2.03	1	0
gemfibrozil [no description available]	4.08	4	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.38	2	0
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	5.64	17	1
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	4.08	4	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	6.25	13	3	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	5.85	6	1	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	9.21	5	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	5.73	20	1	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.75	3	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	16.74	144	6	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzenes
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	7.91	4	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
go 6976 [no description available]	2	1	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	3.78	11	0
granisetron [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	5.89	19	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	6.83	50	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	3.23	1	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	10.9	213	1	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	2.38	2	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	5.62	9	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	3.55	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	6.59	27	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	4.96	38	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.67	3	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hemicholinium 3 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	morpholines
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.75	3	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.77	3	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	5.01	40	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol [no description available]	2.39	2	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.67	3	0	barbiturates
hexoprenaline Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.	3.41	1	1
alpha-methylhistamine alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.	3.08	5	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	animal metabolite; H3-receptor agonist
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	3.83	3	0	acetamides
homarine homarine: structure	7.36	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	4.06	15	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	2.46	2	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	6.97	23	1	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	11.72	9	2	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.81	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	8.29	38	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	4.37	3	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ibudilast [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	11.9	55	13	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
ic 261 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	4.23	5	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	11.99	23	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	4.92	6	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	2.92	4	0	piperidines
ifosfamide [no description available]	4.21	5	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	10.25	16	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	4.52	7	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	4.62	7	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.	2.03	1	0
indolepropanol phosphate indolepropanol phosphate: binds specifically to the alpha subunit, but not to the beta subunit of tryptophan synthase. 3-(indol-3-yl)propyl phosphate : An monoalkyl phosphate compound having an O-3-(indol-3-yl)propyl substituent.	1.97	1	0	indoles; monoalkyl phosphate
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	13.17	531	2	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodoacetamide [no description available]	4.06	15	0
iofetamine Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.	2	1	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	3.28	6	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.21	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.41	2	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
ioversol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	2.7	3	0	benzenedicarboxamide; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	4.47	7	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	6.6	8	2	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	7.59	72	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	3.86	3	0	benzenes
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	9.59	26	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	5.21	16	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.93	13	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	10.16	141	1	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	5.07	5	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	4.36	6	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	piperazines
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration	2.03	1	0
jl 18 JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine	2.03	1	0
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.01	1	0
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.03	1	0	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	5.59	23	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	5.81	22	1	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	4.26	5	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	12	13	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	3.8	3	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.72	3	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.71	3	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	3.35	2	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	3.65	9	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phenyllactic acid 3-phenyllactic acid: alpha-hydroxy analog of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-phenyllactic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	2.41	2	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
mimosine Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.	1.98	1	0	alpha-amino acid
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor	1.99	1	0
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	5.78	6	1	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	9.41	6	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	7.28	6	2	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.73	3	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	3.41	7	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	4.26	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	4.39	3	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.	1.98	1	0	imidazothiazole	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
linopirdine linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug	2.03	1	0	indoles
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	3.54	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomerizine lomerizine: used to treat migraines	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
lomustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	9.08	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	3.57	2	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	3.23	1	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	10.73	75	4	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	3.23	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.	2.03	1	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	3.63	9	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	5.14	46	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.05	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
manidipine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	diarylmethane
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	3.86	3	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.39	2	0	organic molecular entity
edaravone [no description available]	10.27	13	3	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	4.08	4	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	9.92	11	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.97	4	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	3.59	2	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	6.03	37	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
medazepam Medazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM.	1.95	1	0	organic molecular entity
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.5	7	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	9.25	5	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.75	3	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mepenzolate mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	5.2	3	1	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	5.97	4	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	3.59	2	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	4.08	4	0	organic molecular entity
2-mercaptoethylguanidine 2-mercaptoethylguanidine: proposed as a radiation protective agent; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search GUANIDINES (75-83); RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	4.43	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	2.35	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	3.23	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	13.85	51	21	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	3.88	3	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.46	2	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	3.37	7	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoctramine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; tetramine	muscarinic antagonist
methoxyamine methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.37	2	0	organooxygen compound
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	3.8	3	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	3.48	2	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
nocodazole [no description available]	3.28	6	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.77	3	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	3.69	10	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	4.72	9	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	11.99	9	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	4.27	5	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	7.3	12	3	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	4.67	8	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	9.17	38	3	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	3.57	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
n-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate: antidote for cadmium intoxication; repeated administration can result in reduction in cadmium levels of kidney & liver; structure given in first source	3.49	8	0
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	3.16	5	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	3.71	10	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	9.11	4	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.	3.23	1	0	amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol	alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone [no description available]	4.49	7	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	4.05	4	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	4.1	4	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	3.85	3	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	4.25	5	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
ml 7 ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).	2.03	1	0	N-sulfonyldiazepane; organoiodine compound	EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.91	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	10.27	149	2	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	3.59	2	0	monoterpenoid
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	3.28	6	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.71	3	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine: acts as serotonin agonist; structure. 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.	1.98	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-arylpiperazine	environmental contaminant; psychotropic drug; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
w 12 W 12: calmodulin antagonist; W13 analog with Cl deleted from benzene ring	4.72	1	1	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.91	4	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide
n-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
n-bromoacetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	11.72	76	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist	2.03	1	0	beta-carbolines
fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.03	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	membrane transport modulator
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	1.95	1	0	purine nucleoside
n 0840 N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist	2.41	2	0
n(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide N(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide: thrombin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	5.38	11	0
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	3.59	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetralins
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	6.21	14	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
nafronyl Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.	3.1	1	0	naphthalenes
nalidixic acid [no description available]	5.08	14	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.	3.13	5	0
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2	1	0	naphthalenes
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	4.08	4	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	1.98	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	1.95	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	2.73	3	0
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.59	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	3.85	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	11.34	12	1	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	2.03	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	10.3	48	3	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.74	3	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	3.85	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	4.4	6	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	9.72	9	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.03	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	5.65	5	1	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nisoxetine nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	3.26	6	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	15.44	223	16	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	3.86	3	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.45	2	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	5.82	6	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	3.83	3	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist	2.46	2	0	nitrobenzoic acid
ns 2028 NS 2028: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	2.42	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	3.39	7	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	4.01	4	0
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	4.04	4	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.03	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	13.47	13	2	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	4.04	4	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	3.59	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	2.45	2	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	9.42	6	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2.03	1	0	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	3.59	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	4.07	15	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	2.38	2	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	7.67	3	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	10.52	4	1	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	1.95	1	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.05	1	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	4.08	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	3.27	6	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	3.48	8	0	phenylalanine derivative
p-fluorophenylalanine p-Fluorophenylalanine: 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.. 4-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	1.95	1	0	fluoroamino acid; monofluorobenzenes; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative
4-nitrophenylacetic acid 4-nitrophenylacetic acid: don't confuse with 4-Nitrophenyl acetate, which is the ester of phenol and acetic acid. (4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid : A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl grup is substituted at the para- position by a nitro group.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenylacetic acids
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.46	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
pamidronate [no description available]	3.86	3	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	4.14	4	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	9.04	45	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	7.41	1	0	monochlorophenol
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
1,7-dimethylxanthine 1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.	2.03	1	0	dimethylxanthine	central nervous system stimulant; human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	3.11	5	0	aromatic amine
pca 4248 PCA 4248: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist	1.99	1	0	dihydropyridine
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.63	9	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	4.08	4	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
penicillamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; thiol
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	4.35	6	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	5.59	24	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	6.66	29	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	3.86	3	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	3.85	3	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.96	4	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	12.76	32	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.05	1	0	phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	1.97	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	5.21	16	0	aromatic amine
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	3.23	1	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	5.26	8	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	1.98	1	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.72	3	0	guanidines	central nervous system drug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	3.11	5	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	3.67	10	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.91	4	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	4.94	14	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	4.27	5	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
picotamide picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure	2.03	1	0	benzamides
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	10.45	20	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	5.91	7	1	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	8.86	14	5	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.93	4	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist	2.03	1	0
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.73	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenperone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	6.41	13	1	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
polythiazide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	12.31	175	2	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2.39	2	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.37	2	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.47	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0	chromones
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	4.4	6	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	11.25	46	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	4.07	4	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	4.48	7	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	3.07	5	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	4.61	8	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	6.4	12	1	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	4.24	5	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	9.5	7	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	3.59	2	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.59	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	3.23	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.	2.41	2	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate	anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	4.01	4	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.57	2	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	3.61	2	0	xanthenes
propentofylline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	3.14	5	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	11.11	15	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	10.58	121	3	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	2.13	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	3.4	7	0
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
psilocin psilocin: psilocybine minus the phosphate ester; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. psilocin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. A hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated in trace amounts from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	2.01	1	0	hydroxyindoles; phenols; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	drug metabolite; fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; human xenobiotic metabolite; serotonergic agonist
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.39	2	0	pyridines
pyridostigmine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.79	11	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	5.63	5	1	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134 quazepam: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	benzodiazepine
quetiapine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
qx-222 QX-222: amphipathic amine; RN given refers to ion; structure	2.03	1	0	amino acid amide
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	3.86	3	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine [no description available]	2.75	3	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist	2.03	1	0	quinolines
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase	1.97	1	0	carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	6.95	8	1	benzothiazoles
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.59	2	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	5.16	8	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.69	3	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	3.23	1	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
ro 15-4513 Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors	2.4	2	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib [no description available]	7.95	4	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	7.69	3	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.	1.95	1	0	2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat
roxatidine acetate roxatidine acetate: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	piperidines
etiron etiron: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.09	5	0
s-methylisothiopseudouronium S-methylisothiopseudouronium: inhibits nitric oxide synthase; structure in first source	4.26	18	0
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	9.49	5	1	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	2.03	1	0	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sarpogrelate sarpogrelate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	hemisuccinate; stilbenoid
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	6.2	3	1	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	2.43	2	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
sebacic acid sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.	1.99	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	3.23	1	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
carbamylhydrazine carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0	carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound; ureas
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.98	4	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	3.59	2	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	3.79	3	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	9.51	122	1	morpholines
sobuzoxane sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium fluoride [no description available]	14.12	71	36	fluoride salt	mutagen
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	3.48	8	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	3.86	3	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	3.59	2	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
spiroxatrine spiroxatrine: structure	2.03	1	0	imidazolidines
fenofibrate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzochromenone; delta-lactone; naphtho-alpha-pyrone	platelet aggregation inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
sq 22536 9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.	2.03	1	0	nucleoside analogue; oxolanes	EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
ponalrestat [no description available]	1.98	1	0	phthalazines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	7.92	4	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
imatinib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	5.51	4	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylacetone succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.	2.7	3	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	3.8	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.	2.46	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.37	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	4.08	4	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.9	4	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.45	2	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	4.43	6	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.63	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	3.1	5	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	3.25	6	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.25	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	5.51	16	1	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	4.72	9	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	4.37	20	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
t0156 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	naphthyridine derivative
talipexole talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.9	4	0	azepine
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.75	3	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
tegafur [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	3.59	2	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	4.98	6	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	3.61	2	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	3.59	2	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.96	4	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.39	2	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	4.83	33	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.	2.03	1	0	phosphoramide
3-hydroxyaspartic acid 3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.97	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	9.09	4	0	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.71	3	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	3.25	1	0	thiazolidenedione
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	1.98	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	3.99	4	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	3.48	2	0	aziridines
thymeleatoxin thymeleatoxin: causes translocation & down-regulation of multiple protein kinase C isozymes	2.05	1	0
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	7.66	19	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	3.23	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	4.35	6	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	3.59	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.71	3	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.26	5	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	11.33	156	3	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	4.22	5	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate [no description available]	1.94	1	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	2	1	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.44	2	0
ici 136,753 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	4.9	6	0	amino acid
trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.	7.05	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	5.63	5	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	3.57	2	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	3.23	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	1.94	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
triclosan [no description available]	9.16	3	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	10.17	15	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.49	2	0	amine
trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.	2	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	4.21	5	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	3.23	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	4.94	12	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	3.23	1	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	3.23	1	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	4.25	5	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.	2.71	3	0	acetamides
tyramine [no description available]	6.61	16	1	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.39	2	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	3.23	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil [no description available]	2.4	2	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	5.35	18	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	3.59	2	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	3.85	3	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	3.93	13	0
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	2.48	2	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.4	2	0
xanthurenic acid xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.	2.11	1	0	dihydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	animal metabolite; iron chelator; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	7.96	4	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.	2.94	4	0	aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	4.08	4	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	3.23	1	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zardaverine zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.	2.03	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyridazinone	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; peripheral nervous system drug
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	8.29	6	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	4.28	5	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.46	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.42	2	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	3.85	3	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	4.68	9	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.	2.46	2	0	acylcholine
corticosterone [no description available]	5.31	54	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	8.2	25	4	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	3.21	6	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	1.94	1	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	6.3	29	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	3.1	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	10.71	76	4	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	11.68	43	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	5.74	28	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	8.44	174	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	4.15	17	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
procaine hydrochloride Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	2.35	2	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
2-aminophenol [no description available]	7.13	1	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
isoproterenol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	catechols
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	13.66	96	4	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.45	2	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	6.86	52	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	1.94	1	0
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	4.2	5	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	7.09	130	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	4.29	4	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	7.2	17	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	10.32	50	4	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.	2.37	2	0	tartrate salt	antihypertensive agent
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	13.27	152	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
cysteine [no description available]	4.03	4	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	9.13	25	4	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	5.11	14	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.	2.17	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; glucocorticoid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	5.18	3	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
androsterone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	9.72	9	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	2	1	0
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	7.66	3	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.	1.95	1	0	indoles
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	10.26	17	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	3.35	7	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.37	2	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	10.31	17	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	4.69	11	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	7.25	49	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.	2.69	3	0	aminopyridine
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	6.34	51	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	3.1	5	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
isonicotinic acid isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.	2.05	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
racepinephrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.	2.42	2	0
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.	1.96	1	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	7.17	52	0	dialkyl phosphate
hexamethonium bromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	6.54	15	1	guanidines
cystamine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dipropylenetriame N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine: structure in first source	1.97	1	0	polyazaalkane	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	4.51	24	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.03	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
tetraethylammonium chloride tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	potassium channel blocker
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	17.18	1,054	7	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	17.89	965	5	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	2.11	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	2.68	3	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	7.35	88	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	19.25	1,086	21	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	23.75	1,330	69	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	24.73	4,511	72	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.	2.49	2	0	alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	5.58	74	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
dimazine dimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,1-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.	1.94	1	0	hydrazines	carcinogenic agent; fuel; teratogenic agent
chlorobutanol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	tertiary alcohol
vincristine [no description available]	3.85	3	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	4.97	12	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	11.16	135	6	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	7.61	21	3	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	7.37	2	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.92	4	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	3.58	9	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	11.64	16	1	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.44	2	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	4.17	5	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.82	3	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.	7.68	3	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	10.05	210	3	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.42	2	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.41	1	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	8.27	110	3	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	3.09	5	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	5.26	17	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	3.85	12	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	10.62	76	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.63	8	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	9.89	255	2	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
n-nitrosomorpholine N-nitrosomorpholine : A nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco.	7.38	2	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	13.11	111	11	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	7.1	113	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	4.86	4	2	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	3.32	7	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.13	4	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	17.28	972	6	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	6.23	19	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.	3.86	3	0	quaternary ammonium salt
phlorhizin [no description available]	3.66	10	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
mepazine mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	4.42	22	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	8.64	77	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	7.76	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	3.23	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	8.42	311	1	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.03	1	0	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	21.09	1,395	25	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.	2.03	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid	cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	3.95	13	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	9.84	41	7	quaternary ammonium salt
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	3.23	1	0	calcium salt	chelator
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	8.09	5	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	3.38	7	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	6.39	12	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.95	4	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.	2.44	2	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.89	11	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	9.17	54	2	lactose
primaquine phosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	18.05	838	14	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	3.94	12	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	17.98	814	11	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	4.47	23	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	7.68	29	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2.95	4	0
cytidine [no description available]	6.45	17	3	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.71	10	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
mebanazine mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0	benzenes
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.31	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.	2.37	2	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde
uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.	2.46	2	0	aminouracil; nitrogen mustard
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	3.23	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	6.25	144	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	1.99	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	5.42	61	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	2.03	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.66	10	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
dimethyl sulfone [no description available]	6	3	3	sulfone
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.98	4	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	3.34	7	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	4.98	9	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.05	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	4.58	8	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.73	3	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
quinacrine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
chlorpromazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	3.23	6	0	isoindoles
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.36	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	11.33	12	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	13.32	56	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cytarabine [no description available]	8.36	23	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	5.37	19	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	22.4	1,574	42	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	3.47	8	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	13.38	312	3	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-thiomalic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	18.92	1,668	5	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.97	4	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.98	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	16.95	657	13	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	15.93	553	5	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	3.84	12	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)	2.35	2	0	organic molecular entity
cordycepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	19.11	1,093	10	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	14.8	454	4	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lidocaine hydrochloride lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	9.25	5	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	2.71	3	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.	1.94	1	0	chloromethanes; methyl halides	marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	1.94	1	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	3.38	7	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	3.8	3	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	5.12	10	1	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.41	7	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
ethanethiol ethanethiol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ethanethiol : An alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks.	7.03	1	0	alkanethiol	rodenticide
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	2.48	2	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	2.37	2	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.44	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butylamine tert-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. tert-butylamine : A primary aliphatic amine that is ethylamine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.	8.5	1	1	primary aliphatic amine
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	2.73	3	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.71	3	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
pivalic acid pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.	2	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.39	22	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	4.98	12	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	3.23	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
bromthymol blue Bromthymol Blue: A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions.. bromothymol blue : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups.	1.97	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.71	3	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	6.63	16	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
methsuximide methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	7.13	28	1	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.39	7	0	mercaptopropanoic acid	algal metabolite
tetraethoxysilane [no description available]	2.08	1	0
pentaerythritol tetranitrate Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.	3.35	1	0	pentaerythritol nitrate	explosive; vasodilator agent
triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.	1.95	1	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	2.66	3	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.	2.37	2	0	butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound	bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	3.16	5	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	3.57	8	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	8.43	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide.	1.97	1	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.52	2	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
isobutyric acid isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.	2.05	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; fatty acid 4:0; methyl-branched fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
methacrylamide [no description available]	7.76	3	0	acrylamides; primary carboxamide
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	4.9	4	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	5.69	11	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	5.3	3	1	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	1.98	1	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
alpha-pinene [no description available]	2.31	1	0	pinene	plant metabolite
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.05	1	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	5.13	14	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.77	3	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	2.46	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid: a metabolite of DDT; RN given refers to parent cpd.. bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid : A organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid having two 4-chlorophenyl substituents attached at the 2-position.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	5	12	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.	7.08	1	0
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	3.71	10	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
9,10-phenanthrenequinone 9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure	7.89	4	0	phenanthrenes
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	2.13	1	0	anthraquinone
1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid 1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid: fluorophore used for fluorescent nucleotide substrates	2	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	3.2	5	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.05	1	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fluorene [no description available]	2.41	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	3.23	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	14.45	35	6	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	3.48	2	0	penicillanic acids
hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	10.66	15	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	3.38	7	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	8.44	7	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
1-naphthylphenylamine N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine: RN given refers to 1-naphthylamine cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	2.15	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
anthrone anthrone: used in colorimetric determination of sugar & animal starch in body fluids; structure. anthrone : A member of the class of anthracenes that is 9,10-dihydroanthracene carrying an oxo group at C-9.	2.13	1	0	anthracenone	radical scavenger
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	1.97	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.01	1	0	xanthones	insecticide
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diethylpropion Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; tertiary amine	appetite depressant
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether: structure. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.43	2	0	dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	13.5	109	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	7.68	3	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	5.25	16	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	5.04	5	0
phenidone phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	2.36	2	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	5.33	13	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.68	3	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
synephrine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.71	3	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
butylparaben [no description available]	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
indene indene: structure in first source. 1H-indene : An ortho-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings.	2.05	1	0	indene; ortho-fused bicyclic arene
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.02	1	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	marine metabolite
cyclopentanol [no description available]	2	1	0	cyclopentanols
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.16	3	1	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	1.99	1	0	phosphonic ester
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	2.89	4	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.	2.41	1	0	ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol	metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.13	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	3.39	6	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.	1.99	1	0	phenols	allergen
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	5.38	19	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	1.93	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	5.38	21	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.31	1	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	2.37	2	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.	2.05	1	0	dinitrobenzene	neurotoxin
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	1.96	1	0
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.11	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	2.52	2	0	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-nitroaniline [no description available]	2.44	2	0	nitroaniline	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.	2.03	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; nitrile
phenylmercuric chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.39	2	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	1.95	1	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	10.27	32	11	pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
dicyclohexylamine dicyclohexylamine: potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.65	3	0	primary aliphatic amine
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.72	3	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
boric acid [no description available]	2.42	2	0	boric acids	astringent
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	2.46	2	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	3.23	1	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
ethyl bromoacetate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
methylhexaneamine [no description available]	3.18	1	0	alkylamine
ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	2.41	1	0	butyrate ester	plant metabolite
4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite
2,5-dioxopiperazine piperazine-2,5-dione : A cyclic peptide that is piperazine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by oxo groups.	2.31	1	0	2,5-diketopiperazines; cyclic peptide
dimethyl succinate dimethyl succinate: potent insulin secretagogue	2	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester
glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.	2.59	2	0	enoate ester; epoxide
acrolein [no description available]	8.98	13	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
2-bromoethylamine [no description available]	2.46	2	0
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	7.69	3	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	8.11	92	1	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
ethylmercuric chloride Ethylmercuric Chloride: A highly toxic compound used as a fungicide for treating seeds.. ethylmercuric chloride : A highly toxic organomercury compound which is used as a fungicide for treating seeds.	2.13	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; organomercury compound	fungicide
isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.37	2	0	alkanesulfonic acid	human metabolite
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.47	2	0
deanol Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.	1.95	1	0	ethanolamines; tertiary amine	curing agent; radical scavenger
vinyl acetate [no description available]	7.41	1	0	acetate ester
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	3.5	8	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
succinic anhydride [no description available]	2.37	2	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; tetrahydrofurandione
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	2.88	4	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
methyl malonate methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure	1.96	1	0
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	2.06	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
cyanuric acid cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.	2.06	1	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; 1,3,5-triazines; heteroaryl hydroxy compound	xenobiotic
bromobenzene [no description available]	2.46	2	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	8.73	10	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.54	2	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
3-hydroxypyridine 3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant.	1.98	1	0	monohydroxypyridine
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.66	3	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
diethylamine [no description available]	2.91	4	0	secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	12.6	126	12	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	7.35	33	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
di-tert-butyl peroxide tert-butyl peroxide: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
n-amylamine n-amylamine: strong irritant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pentan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is n-pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by an amino group. A water-soluble liquid with boiling point 104degreeC, it is a strong irritant.	2.67	3	0	primary aliphatic amine
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	7.37	2	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
piperidine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
morpholine [no description available]	7.38	2	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.41	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
diethylenetriamine diethylenetriamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0	polyazaalkane; triamine
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.	2.03	1	0	heptanol; primary alcohol	flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite
lauric acid methyl ester methyl laurate : A fatty acid methyl ester of lauric acid.	2.05	1	0	dodecanoate ester; fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
octadecyltrichlorosilane [no description available]	2.07	1	0
triethylene glycol triethylene glycol : A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.1	1	0	diol; poly(ethylene glycol); primary alcohol	plasticiser
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.42	2	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.23	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.45	2	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	3.05	5	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
2,2,2-trichloroethanol [no description available]	7.04	1	0	chloroethanol	mouse metabolite
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.96	4	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	2.74	3	0	chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
isatoic anhydride isatoic anhydride: structure given in first source	6.97	1	0
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	2	1	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.91	4	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
2'-hydroxyacetophenone 2-acetylphenol : A monohydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the acetyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxyacetophenone; phenols	flavouring agent
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	6.47	35	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
benzoin [no description available]	2.89	4	0	benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
isoquinoline [no description available]	2.06	1	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
triethylamine [no description available]	7.89	4	0	tertiary amine
suramin sodium suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	3.15	5	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
iodoantipyrine [no description available]	3.23	6	0
di-n-pentyl phthalate dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.46	2	0	diester; phthalate ester	plasticiser
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	3.41	7	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	4.08	4	0	quinolines
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	1.97	1	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
chloroprocaine chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.	2	1	0	benzoate ester; monochlorobenzenes	central nervous system depressant; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	2.66	3	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.	2.39	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
benzil benzil: structure. benzil : An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.	2.88	4	0	alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	6.06	9	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
methapyrilene hydrochloride methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride	2.74	3	0	benzoate ester
2-ethylhexanoic acid 2-ethylhexanoic acid: structure in first source; wood preservative; 2-ethylhexanoic acid is active ingredient in Sinesto B	6.97	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	3.37	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chelidamic acid [no description available]	2.44	2	0
4-nitrosodimethylaniline 4-nitrosodimethylaniline: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline : A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.	2	1	0	dimethylaniline; nitroso compound; tertiary amino compound
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	3.11	5	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	4.9	1	1	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.04	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2.01	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	3.38	7	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.68	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	10.04	43	2	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	2.9	4	0	D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	3.59	9	0	purine nucleoside
copper phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine: structure. copper(II) phthalocyanine : A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes.	1.99	1	0
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	3.23	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	4	14	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.11	5	0	organic molecular entity
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.	1.95	1	0	organosulfur compound; sulfonic acid derivative
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	5.99	8	1	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	3.23	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.38	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone [no description available]	3.82	2	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
D-tryptophan [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	bacterial metabolite
hydroxytryptophol Hydroxytryptophol: 5-Hydroxy-indole-3-ethanol.	1.95	1	0	indoles
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	10.02	30	3	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	6.05	16	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
cysteamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	13.41	146	9	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	2.42	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	7.41	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	5.8	21	1	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	5.13	47	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	8.95	163	0	indazole
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	4.34	4	1	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	5.48	15	1	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	11.85	12	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	6.78	11	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	4.61	8	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	12.21	90	3	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazole
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	6.49	19	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	5.8	21	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
12-crown-4 12-crown-4: structure in first source. 12-crown-4 : A crown ether that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.15	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.89	4	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	xanthenes
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	3.09	5	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.67	3	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2.39	2	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
calcium gluconate [no description available]	1.93	1	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	4.03	4	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.	1.97	1	0
3-methoxytyrosine 3-O-methyldopa : A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.	2	1	0	aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monomethoxybenzene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	1.99	1	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	5.56	72	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.42	2	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	3.36	7	0	corticosteroid hormone
hydralazine hydrochloride hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ethamivan ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
benzoylarginine-2-naphthylamide Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide: An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. trypsin and thrombin. The enzymes liberate 2-naphthylamine, which is measured by colorimetric procedures.. N-{5-carbamimidamido-1-[(naphthalen-2-yl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl}benzamide : A member of the class of N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamides that is 5-carbamimidamido-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)pentanamide in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a benzamido group.	10.36	14	1	arginine derivative; benzamides; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide
pargyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
paraoxon [no description available]	2.44	2	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	4.19	17	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	4.29	18	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	3.84	2	1	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
5-fluorouridine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organofluorine compound; uridines	mutagen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	5.2	16	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	6.65	9	1	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.	2.15	1	0	ether
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	1.94	1	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
orphenadrine hydrochloride orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	plant metabolite
3-acetylpyridine 3-acetylpyridine: inhibits tremors	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.81	3	0	steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.01	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	3.59	9	0	ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	3.08	5	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
procarbazine hydrochloride procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
cuprizone [no description available]	2	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	24.84	1,678	92	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
perfluorobutyric acid perfluorobutyric acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid.	2.03	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	chromatographic reagent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.39	7	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
triphenyltin fluoride triphenyltin fluoride: induces hypertriglyceridemia in rabbits	1.96	1	0
prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)	1.95	1	0	diarylmethane
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.	2.03	1	0
trifluoroacetic anhydride [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	2.38	2	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
ethylene sulfide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organosulfur heterocyclic compound; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	11.52	9	2	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.79	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	1.97	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0	alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfur-containing amino acid; thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antidote; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.72	3	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride 4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride: inhibitor of peptide hydrolases; structure in second source	2.05	1	0
dicyandiamido dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.	2.01	1	0	guanidines; nitrile	curing agent; explosive; fertilizer; flame retardant; nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	10.3	18	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	6.14	11	3	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine [no description available]	10.83	7	1	amino acid zwitterion; homocystines	human metabolite
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	3.49	2	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	3.59	2	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.	6.46	24	2	guanidines	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	17.41	124	60	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.67	8	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.36	2	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	4.21	17	0
rhein [no description available]	2.77	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
indirubin [no description available]	1.96	1	0
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	1.95	1	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.08	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
menadiol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	methylnaphthalenes; naphthalenediols; naphthohydroquinone
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	2.01	1	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.88	4	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	3.99	14	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	4.32	19	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
adenosine phosphosulfate Adenosine Phosphosulfate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. 5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate having a sulfo group attached to one the phosphate OH groups.	2.31	1	0	acyl monophosphate; acyl sulfate; adenosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	6.49	59	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.17	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
hydratropic acid hydratropic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. hydratropic acid : A 2-arylpropionic acid carrying a phenyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of alpha-methylstyrene (AMS), a volatile hydrocarbon.	1.99	1	0	2-arylpropionic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.47	2	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
methyl red methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.	2.04	1	0
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.69	3	0
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	8.76	2	1	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
cis methyldioxolane [no description available]	1.98	1	0
monomethyl succinate methylsuccinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methylsuccinic acid : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methylsuccinic acid. 2-methylbutanedioic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group.	2	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
isomaltose [no description available]	2.42	2	0
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	8.02	4	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.91	4	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2.64	3	0	quinone imine	dye
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.58	2	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	6.05	8	1
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.	2	1	0	propane-1,3-diols	metabolite; protic solvent
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	6.98	29	3	thiazolidine
suberic acid suberic acid: used in plastics industry; inhibits activity of some enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. suberic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane.	2.21	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.91	4	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	5.32	57	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.77	3	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
tetranitromethane [no description available]	5.21	16	0	organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	3.82	3	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	7.95	4	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.45	2	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	5.86	6	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	2.37	2	0	organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	10.82	7	1	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	2.03	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	5.51	16	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	4.24	18	0
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	2.08	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
dequalinium chloride dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	3.99	2	0	diarylmethane
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	5.24	6	2	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	6.72	10	2	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.72	3	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	2.01	1	0
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	2.41	2	0	cellobiose	epitope
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	7.11	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.05	1	0	thiazoles
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	2.39	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	9.81	10	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	5.22	16	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.	3.23	1	0	carnitine	antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ethyl chloroformate [no description available]	2.4	2	0
maleimide [no description available]	2.42	2	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
muscone muscone: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
isobutyl nitrite isobutyl nitrite: ''recreational'' drug of abuse, sniffed.	1.98	1	0	nitrite esters
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	15.8	204	23	dialdehyde	biomarker
galegine galegine: structure given in first source; from Verbesina encelioides and Gelega oficinalis plants; toxic to livestock	6.93	1	0	guanidines
strontium acetate [no description available]	10.07	16	9
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.88	12	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	1.97	1	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
sulfanilylurea sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure	3.23	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	5.76	28	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	3.1	5	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.01	1	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	3.06	4	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.46	2	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids	allergen
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.71	3	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	7.41	2	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	6.12	5	2	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	2.4	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
glycyl-glycyl-glycine glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.	1.97	1	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide
glycylglycine [no description available]	4.03	4	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
glycidol glycidol: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	epoxide; primary alcohol
lignoceric acid lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	1.98	1	0	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
18-hydroxycorticosterone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
doxylamine succinate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	1.99	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
diepoxybutane diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	4.27	19	0	epoxide	mutagen
formestane [no description available]	2.77	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	2.46	2	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.31	1	0	bis(azo) compound
lactulose [no description available]	3.59	2	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	5.41	3	1	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione: an oxoglutarate carrier antagonist. 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione : An alpha-diketone that consists of 1-phenylpropane bearing keto substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is found in coffee.	1.99	1	0	alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone	plant metabolite
isoxsuprine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	alkylbenzene
debrisoquin sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic sulfate salt
allethrins Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.25	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	pyrethroid ester insecticide
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	1.99	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	4.89	2	1	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
betaine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0
bethanechol chloride bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester; chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscarinic agonist
ethane sulfonate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	alkanesulfonic acid
2-hydroxyisobutyric acid 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of methyl tertiary-butyl ether.	2.44	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.91	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
2-chloropropionic acid 2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure	2.37	2	0
2,3-pentanedione pentane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups.	2.88	4	0	alpha-diketone; methyl ketone	flavouring agent
ethylmalonic acid ethylmalonic acid: don't confuse with diethyl malonate, which is a diester. ethylmalonate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of ethylmalonic acid.. ethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid obtained by substitution of one of the methylene hydrogens of malonic acid by an ethyl group.	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.03	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
dansyl chloride dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.39	2	0	aminonaphthalene; sulfonic acid derivative
pamabrom [no description available]	3.23	1	0
1,3-indandione 1,3-indandione : A member of the class of indanones that is indane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by oxo groups.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	1.95	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
indoxyl acetate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	indoles
galactitol [no description available]	3.32	2	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylglyoxylic acid phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	1.96	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-anthramine 2-anthramine: structure	2.05	1	0	anthracenamine
dibrompropamidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	11.49	71	4	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
chorismic acid Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.	2.03	1	0	5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl pyruvate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	oxo carboxylic acid
3-hydroxyacetanilide metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.	2.46	2	0	acetamides; phenols	non-narcotic analgesic
glycine ethyl ester glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.88	4	0
methyl butyrate [no description available]	7.6	1	0	fatty acid ester
methoxyacetic acid methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.46	2	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; human xenobiotic metabolite; mutagen
3-methylglutaric acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	metabolite
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	3.14	5	0
brilliant green brilliant green: RN given refers to sulfate; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1378. brilliant green : An organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion.	1.97	1	0	organic hydrogensulfate salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; poison
clopenthixol Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	2	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; primary alcohol; thioxanthenes	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	12.84	19	2	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	5.03	3	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannoheptulose Mannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.. D-keto-manno-heptulose : The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.. D-manno-heptulose : A manno-heptulose with a D-configuration. It has been found in avocados.	8.22	6	0	D-manno-heptulose
agaric acid agaric acid: adenine nucleotide translocase antagonist	2.03	1	0
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	4.85	11	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	4.3	20	0
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hempa Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.	1.96	1	0	phosphoramide	insect sterilant; mutagen
tetramethoxysilane [no description available]	2.06	1	0
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.9	4	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product found in drinking water.	2	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; poison
diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined	2.41	2	0
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.72	3	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
1,2-cyclohexanedione cyclohexanedione : Cyclohexanones carrying two oxo substituents.. cyclohexane-1,2-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.	6.73	77	0	cyclohexanedione
2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride [no description available]	1.95	1	0	butenolide
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent.	3.46	2	0
ethyl mandelate ethyl hydroxy(phenyl)acetate : The ethyl ester of mandelic acid.. ethyl mandelate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-ethyl mandelate.	2.02	1	0	ethyl ester; secondary alcohol
triphenylphosphine oxide triphenylphosphine oxide: used in the extraction, separation & spectrophotometric determination of cadmium & mercury in environmental samples. triphenylphosphane oxide : A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.	2.1	1	0	phosphine oxide	NMR chemical shift reference compound
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate : A diisocyanate compound with the two isocyanates linked by a hexane-1,6-diyl group.	2.1	1	0	diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
4-methylimidazole 4-methylimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylimidazole : Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.	1.99	1	0	imidazoles	carcinogenic agent; reaction intermediate
trimethylolpropane phosphite [no description available]	2.04	1	0
Mecamylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	monoterpenoid
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
ethyl n-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate ethyl N-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl N-acetyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-acetyltyrosine.	2.88	4	0	acetamides; ethyl ester; L-tyrosine derivative; phenols
vinblastine [no description available]	2.45	2	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	2.08	1	0	potassium salt	diuretic
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.75	3	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
benzoylarginine nitroanilide Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide: A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain and trypsin, by colorimetry. The substrate liberates p-nitroaniline as a chromogenic product.	4.91	37	0
diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.	3.23	1	0	ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine	antidiarrhoeal drug
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	1.98	1	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.94	4	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	2.39	2	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
diazoxon diazoxon: a pesticide; structure. diazoxon : An organic phosphate that is diethyl hydrogen phosphate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 6-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a metabolite of the pesticide diazinon.	2	1	0	organic phosphate; pyrimidines	marine xenobiotic metabolite
ethylestrenol Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.	1.95	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride
benzohexonium benzohexonium: RN given refers to dibenzenesulfonate salt; see also hexamethonium: 60-26-4	1.99	1	0
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	2.1	1	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.49	2	0
isodesmosine Isodesmosine: 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.. isodesmosine : A pyridinium ion obtained by formal condensation of four molecules of lysine.	2.01	1	0	lysine derivative; pyridinium ion	biomarker
methylphosphonic acid methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.	2.96	4	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
dibenzothiophene 5-oxide dibenzothiophene 5-oxide: dibenzothiophene degradation product. dibenzothiophene 5-oxide : A member of the class of dibenzothiophenes that is the 5-oxo derivative of dibenzothiophene.	2.15	1	0	dibenzothiophenes	metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.39	2	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	1.96	1	0	organooxygen compound
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	8.65	2	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	8.01	277	0	phenylacetaldehydes
n-butyl gallate [no description available]	2.15	1	0
nicotinamide mononucleotide Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.	1.95	1	0	nicotinamide mononucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-nitrosodiethanolamine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	nitroso compound
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	8.28	6	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lauryl gallate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	gallate ester
n,n-dimethylguanidine N,N-dimethylguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	7.39	2	0
citiolone citiolone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.99	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
gallium arsenide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	6.91	24	1
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cadmium molecular entity
germanium oxide germanium oxide: has antimutagenic effects; RN given refers to cpd with MF GeO2	2	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.9	13	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	5.55	14	1	zinc molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.25	1	0	vanadium oxide
monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol	2.07	1	0	1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.67	3	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2.46	2	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
sorbitan monostearate sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH	2.17	1	0
ferrous oxide [no description available]	2	1	0	iron oxide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	5.61	13	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.88	3	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	14.49	108	15	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	4.72	6	1
mesterolone Mesterolone: 17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic activities.	2.36	2	0	3-oxo-5alpha-steroid
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile
pseudouridine [no description available]	7.4	2	0	pseudouridines	fundamental metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
selenocystine selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.94	1	0	diselenide; selenoamino acid
ibufenac ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2,4-dinitrothiocyanatobenzene 2,4-dinitro-1-thiocyanatobenzene : A thiocyanate compound having a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; thiocyanates	hapten; tolerogen
metaxalone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	2.39	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
denatonium chloride [no description available]	2	1	0
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	4.16	5	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	2.05	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
2-aminothiazoline 2-aminothiazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source & in Negwer, 5th ed, #97. 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A 1,3-thiazole that is 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.13	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.	2.03	1	0	androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.	3.35	7	0
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	1.97	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	3.63	9	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.67	3	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.11	5	0	tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.38	6	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	3.68	10	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	5.68	25	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
diallyl trisulfide [no description available]	7.13	1	0	organic trisulfide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; estrogen receptor antagonist; insecticide; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	11.09	9	1	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
decyltrimethylammonium decyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one decyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.06	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
1,6-diaminohexane 1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.	2.02	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.7	3	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
guanoxan guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage	2	1	0	benzodioxine
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.54	2	0
1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid 1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid: structure	2.11	1	0	dithiolanecarboxylic acid; dithiolanes; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid
muscarine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	9.83	32	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
heneicosanoic acid henicosanoic acid : A long-chain fatty acid that is henicosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to give the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.	2.01	1	0	corticosteroid hormone; hemisuccinate
beta-methylcholine beta-methylcholine: RN given refers to non-isomeric parent cpd; see also record for methylcholine; do not confuse with alpha-methylcholine	1.98	1	0	cholines
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	8.58	8	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
dexbrompheniramine dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	brompheniramine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
n-butyl glycidyl ether n-butyl glycidyl ether: structure	2.03	1	0
alpha-terpineol terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent.	2.17	1	0	terpineol	plant metabolite
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.9	4	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	3.81	2	1	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
n-acetylimidazole [no description available]	4.17	5	0	N-acylimidazole
acetosyringone acetosyringone: plant inducer which induces expression of VirE & VirG in A. tumefaciens. acetosyringone : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	3.48	8	0	acetophenones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-asthmatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
cme-carbodiimide [no description available]	2.38	2	0
tetrapentylammonium tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
antazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source	2.49	2	0
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	1.98	1	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
c.i. direct blue 1 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	3.12	5	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diphenylborinic acid diphenylborinic acid: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nitrohydroxyiodophenylacetate Nitrohydroxyiodophenylacetate: Also called 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetate. A haptenic determinant that can be radiolabeled and used as salts and derivatives for investigations of immunogenic specificity studies.. (4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)acetic acid : A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted by iodo, hydroxy and nitro groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively.	2.05	1	0	2-nitrophenols; organoiodine compound; phenylacetic acids	antigen
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source	2	1	0
n-octadecyl mercaptan n-octadecyl mercaptan: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
thymine glycol thymine glycol: forms photodimers (thymine dimers) under UV; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.17	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
methyl methanethiosulfonate S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.	2	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative; thiosulfonate ester	metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	2.74	3	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	4.27	5	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.45	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	3.23	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ornithylaspartate ornithylaspartate: used therapeutically in hepatic coma	4.5	4	0
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2	1	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	5.21	48	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	4.06	14	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	9.69	29	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	13.13	46	1	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
zinc carbonate [no description available]	3.47	1	1	organooxygen compound
hexadecyl phosphate [no description available]	2.79	3	0
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	3.23	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
azo rubin s azo rubin S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0
cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.	2	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antimicrobial agent
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
ecdysone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.97	1	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
furaneol furaneol: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one : A member of the class of furans that is 2,5-dimethylfuran carrying additional oxo and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been found particularly in strawberries and other such fruits.	7.46	2	0	cyclic ketone; enol; furans	flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
meclofenoxate hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	3.08	5	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
denatonium benzoate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
nafenopin Nafenopin: A peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.. nafenopin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nafenopin. It is a peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an hypolipidemic agent.. 2-methyl-2-[4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenoxy]propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid in which ther tertiary hydroxy group has been converted into the corresponding p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl ether.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid
streptomycin [no description available]	6.46	60	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	9.04	33	3	carbon oxoanion
2,3-hexanedione hexane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively.	1.99	1	0	alpha-diketone	metabolite
n-nitromorpholine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
clonidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene
cladribine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	6.1	16	2
ethylene dimethanesulfonate ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure	2.46	2	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	3.98	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
metanephrine Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.	1.95	1	0	catecholamine
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	7.47	2	0	aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	3.62	9	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
5,6-dihydroxytryptamine 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.	1.99	1	0
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	7.54	38	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
carboxin Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.	2.42	2	0	anilide fungicide; anilide; enamide; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; secondary carboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	acridines
1-hydroxypyrene 1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1	0	pyrenes
mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	1.95	1	0
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.75	3	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	2.93	4	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methenamine hippurate methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.52	2	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	3.23	1	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.	2.03	1	0	hydrate	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; immunosuppressive agent
acetoxyacetylaminofluorene Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene: An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.. N-acetoxy-2-acetamidofluorene : A 2-acetamidofluorene compound in which the parent 2-acetamidofluorene is substituted on nitrogen by an acetoxy group.	1.96	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
suxamethonium chloride succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.	2.03	1	0	chloride salt	muscle relaxant
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; muscle relaxant
methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate [no description available]	2.39	2	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	8.65	154	1	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.17	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.03	1	0
olaflur Olaflur: cariostatic agent	3.46	1	1
sodium metasilicate sodium metasilicate: RN given refers to silicic acid, di-Na salt. sodium silicate : An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.	2.43	2	0	inorganic sodium salt
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
levodopa methyl ester levodopa methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer	1.99	1	0	tyrosine derivative
trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.	1.98	1	0	sulfonium compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent
metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.	2.74	3	0
isoetharine mesylate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
p-azobenzenearsonate p-Azobenzenearsonate: A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool.. 4,4'-azodibenzenearsonic acid : The monoazo compound formed from arsanilic acid. It is used as an immunologic research tool.	2.02	1	0
hepes [no description available]	3.23	6	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
lanthanum [no description available]	2.37	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.03	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	7.28	134	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	5.88	33	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	9.17	17	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.21	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	2.35	2	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	1.94	1	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	1.95	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	8	4	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	3.71	10	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.68	3	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	2.03	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	11.89	11	1	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	2.36	2	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.71	29	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	3.4	7	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	3.32	6	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	1.94	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	11.96	12	1	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	2.64	3	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.39	2	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	4.59	26	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.88	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	5.91	13	2	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	2.21	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	7.76	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	8.1	5	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	6.53	54	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	3.07	5	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	7.21	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	8.06	5	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	4.31	4	1	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	2.61	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.58	2	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	7.5	2	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	1.99	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.42	2	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	4.2	6	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	3.68	10	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	8.88	12	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	4.15	16	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	8.57	9	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	4.82	2	1	sodium phosphate
perchloric acid [no description available]	1.94	1	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	13.07	9	1	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	8.97	13	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
propionylpromazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	6.62	15	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	3.27	6	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.43	2	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.74	3	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	4.35	21	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.66	3	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
s-methylcysteine S-methylcysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. S-methylcysteine : A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group.	2.42	2	0	S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion; S-alkyl-L-cysteine	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	3.82	3	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	11.01	15	8	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	4.14	4	0	inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite [no description available]	2.1	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.13	1	0	calcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	9.45	18	7	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.4	2	0	iron coordination entity
lead chloride lead chloride: RN in 9th CI Form Index for cotunnite: 14639-87-3; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-Cl2. lead(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride consisting of two chlorine atoms covalently bound to a central lead atom.	2.13	1	0	inorganic chloride; lead coordination entity
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.02	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.94	4	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
tungstate [no description available]	2.68	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	7.68	3	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.23	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.47	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	11.77	67	3	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	9.49	24	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	4.77	32	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.01	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
magnesium fluoride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	2.43	2	0	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	3.81	11	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	2	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).	2.06	1	0	calcium phosphate
sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	sulfur oxide
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	5.7	27	0
hexadimethrine bromide Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist.	6.94	1	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	7.62	82	0
sizofiran Sizofiran: A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.	2.01	1	0
phosphoryl chloride phosphoryl chloride: structure	2.39	2	0	phosphorus coordination entity
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	10.93	4	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	2.38	2	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
ammonium ferric sulfate ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.	2	1	0	ammonium salt; iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	ferroptosis inducer
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.21	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.71	3	0	cadmium coordination entity
calcium nitrate calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.	2.01	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic nitrate salt	fertilizer
cobaltous nitrate cobaltous nitrate: RN given refers to Co(+2) salt. cobalt dinitrate : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is nitrate.	2.01	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic nitrate salt
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	3.26	6	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
nsc-145,668 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.41	2	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	5.38	18	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
rhamnose [no description available]	3.61	9	0	L-rhamnose
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.45	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
chloramine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	halide
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	2.39	2	0
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	6.49	61	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	13.79	22	1	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.	8.23	6	0	alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	animal metabolite
procion blue mx-r procion blue MX-R: used in affinity labeling of enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	4.46	6	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
sodium tungstate(vi) sodium tungstate(VI): inactivates molybdoenzymes in Anabaena; RN given refers to tungstic acid [H2WO4], di-Na salt. sodium tungstate : An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.	2.43	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	reagent
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	7.02	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tiletamine Tiletamine: Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.	2.1	1	0	aralkylamine
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	8.01	120	0
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	3.9	3	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
phytanic acid Phytanic Acid: A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.. phytanic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.	2.68	3	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	4.36	3	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
methyl acetimidate methyl acetimidate: affords intermediate protection for amino group; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.38	2	0
benserazide hydrochloride benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	4.88	2	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.	2.03	1	0	bromide salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	3.54	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	3.07	5	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	6.67	9	2	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	2.38	2	0
ferric nitrilotriacetate ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading)	7.42	2	0	iron chelate	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	7.48	96	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)	2.78	3	0
2,3-dihydroxypyridine 2,3-dihydroxypyridine: affects thyroid function. pyridine-2,3-diol : A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxypyridine
fluorides [no description available]	18.08	176	66	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	4.26	5	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	7.17	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	phase-transfer catalyst
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	5.29	7	2	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.23	1	0
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.03	1	0	tin oxide
cresyl violet cresyl violet: RN given refers to chloride. cresyl violet : A cationic heterotetracyclic fluorescent dye derived from benzo[a]phenoxazine.	1.98	1	0
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	2.81	3	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
molybdenum dioxide [no description available]	7.31	1	0
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane [no description available]	3.23	1	0
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.44	2	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
n-n-propylnorapomorphine N-n-propylnorapomorphine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0
iodine [no description available]	10.2	16	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	1.96	1	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	5.1	8	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	3.56	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	5.75	27	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
disopyramide phosphate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	6.33	12	1	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.03	1	0	ergot alkaloid
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	14.69	244	15	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	7.41	11	1	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	1.98	1	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.41	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
acetylacetone acetylacetone : A beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups.	8.07	5	0	beta-diketone
propionic anhydride [no description available]	2.53	2	0
paraldehyde Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	1.93	1	0	trioxane	sedative
pyrrolidine [no description available]	7.39	2	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	2.38	2	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	3.06	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	indoles
sulfolane sulfolane : A member of the class of tetrahydrothiophenes that is tetrahydrothiophene in which the sulfur has been oxidised to give the corresponding sulfone. A colourless, high-boiling (285degreeC) liquid that is miscible with both water and hydrocarbons, it is used as an industrial solvent, particularly for the purification of hydrocarbon mixtures by liquid-vapour extraction.	2.25	1	0	sulfone; tetrahydrothiophenes	polar aprotic solvent
dimedone dimedone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.5	2	0
chloroprene Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.	1.96	1	0	chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.51	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.25	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.09	5	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.46	2	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	3.14	5	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.	4.53	24	0
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	5.4	4	1
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	1.99	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
dihydro-beta-erythroidine Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.	2.01	1	0	delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	nicotinic antagonist
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	4.51	24	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	6.54	26	2
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
alkenes [no description available]	4.05	4	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	8.1	5	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	18.37	933	13	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	3.23	1	0	chlorphenamine
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	3.1	5	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
clometacin clometacin: structure	3.23	1	0	N-acylindole
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.85	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	4.98	12	0
1-menaphthyl sulfate 1-menaphthyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	3.6	9	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	6.09	40	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	8.47	76	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
halofenate Halofenate: An antihyperlipoproteinemic agent and uricosuric agent.	1.95	1	0
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.95	7	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	5.07	13	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	10.66	5	1	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	1.98	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
trimethylethylammonium trimethylethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyltrimethylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation having one ethyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.01	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
kethoxal kethoxal: modifies guanine containing oligoribonucleotides by reacting selectively with guanine in polynucleotides. Drug is hydrate of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde. 1,1-dihydroxy-3-ethoxy-2-butanone : A butanone derivative having two hydroxy substituents at the 1-position and an ethoxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.67	3	0	aldehyde hydrate; butanone	antiinfective agent
oxovanadium iv oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars	2.05	1	0	vanadium oxide
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
gallium citrate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	1.98	1	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
enterobactin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	3.87	3	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.23	1	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
moricizine hydrochloride moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
dimethyl suberimidate Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.	3.98	4	0
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	5.38	6	0	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
vidarabine phosphate Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.	2.02	1	0
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	3.59	2	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	5.87	11	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	3.55	8	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zolazepam Zolazepam: A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.	2.1	1	0
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	2.01	1	0
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	4.08	4	0	pyrroline
serentil mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.	2.46	2	0	organosulfonate salt	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	4.53	7	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	5.55	21	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
buspirone hydrochloride buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
etoposide [no description available]	10.01	12	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	8.17	138	2	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.	4.06	3	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	7.91	13	2	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
etazolate hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
butaclamol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	3.23	1	0	ethanolamines
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	9.95	11	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	9.33	5	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	3.49	8	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	2.39	2	0
2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.03	1	0
carbidopa [no description available]	2.74	3	0	catechols; hydrate; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	4.49	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	4.08	4	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
guanadrel guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).	2	1	0	guanidines; spiroketal	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.08	1	0
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	6.63	9	1	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.75	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.75	3	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	9.71	9	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	3.51	8	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
nonachlazine Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.	2.05	1	0
lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.	2.49	2	0	dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	1.98	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; androstane; quaternary ammonium ion	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	20.67	3,049	17	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	ibuprofen	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	4.08	4	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	3.01	4	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
doxantrazole doxantrazole: structure	1.98	1	0
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.75	3	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
exifone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzophenones
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	4	14	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	8.18	5	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	3.86	2	1	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.23	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
pinaverium pinaverium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0	monoterpenoid
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	3.79	11	0
pyriminil pyriminil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.38	2	0
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	5.03	3	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.74	3	0	acetate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug
nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dihydropyridine	geroprotector
meglitinide meglitinide: structure given in first source & in Negwer, 5th ed, #6436	1.96	1	0
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	2.93	4	0	epoxide	intercalator
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	3.23	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.23	1	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
acarbose [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	3.23	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	10.04	7	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	3.02	4	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.46	2	0
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	3.93	13	0
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	3.57	2	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.44	2	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
n-cyano-n'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-n''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine N-cyano-N'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-N''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine: potassium channel opener	2.05	1	0	pyridines
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.88	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	5.27	9	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
acifluorfen [no description available]	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoic acids; C-nitro compound; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	9.15	64	4	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2.03	1	0
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
2-guanidinoethanol 2-guanidinoethanol: from human urine; RN given refers to mono-HCl; structure given in first source	7.37	2	0
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	3.23	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; organic nitrate salt
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	4.65	6	1	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	3.08	5	0
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.23	1	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	2.03	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.	2.03	1	0
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	5.59	72	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	4.26	5	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine [no description available]	3.86	3	0
pimonidazole pimonidazole: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.85	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
bucindolol bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative	3.52	2	0
mitoxantrone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	6.3	58	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	3.59	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
alo 2145 apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug
haloperidol decanoate [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
dazoxiben dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	4.08	4	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	7.74	11	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	3.82	3	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	imidazoquinoline	carcinogenic agent
n-(4-nitrophenacyl)imidazole N-(4-nitrophenacyl)imidazole: structure in first source	2	1	0
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	4.03	4	0	aromatic ketone
bm 13505 daltroban: thromboxane antagonist	2.38	2	0
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	11.22	36	8	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	4.81	7	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	8.43	7	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n-carboxymethylnitrosamine N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-carboxymethylnitrosamine: N-nitrosodiethanolamine metabolite in rat urine	1.97	1	0
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	3.23	1	0
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	10.53	20	7	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	3.23	1	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.46	2	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	4.08	4	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.52	7	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	3.86	3	0	imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	5.6	6	3	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
cicletanine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	organochlorine compound
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	5.13	14	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	4.9	1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
dotarizine dotarizine: 5-HT2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source; active metabolite, FI 6020, detected by gas chromatography;. dotarizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which the two amino hydrogens of piperazine have been replaced by diphenylmethyl and 3-(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propyl groups. A calcium channel blocker and serotonin (5-HT2) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of migraine.	1.99	1	0	cyclic ketal; dioxolane; N-alkylpiperazine	calcium channel blocker; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
moexiprilat moexiprilat: RN given refers to (3S-(2(R(R)),3R*))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
quinpirole hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-deazaguanine 3-deazaguanine: structure	2.42	2	0
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
imazodan imazodan: RN & structure given in first source;	2.03	1	0
ractopamine ractopamine: veterinary growth stimulant. ractopamine : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.. 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group.	8.5	1	1	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.39	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	10.32	11	6	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	7.91	4	2	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	4.24	18	0
eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.47	2	0	salicylamides
flesinoxan [no description available]	3.77	2	1
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	3.23	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
fadrozole Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.	2.02	1	0	imidazopyridine
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	4.28	5	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.46	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.46	2	0	quinolines
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	3.59	2	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
aromasil [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nsc 338720 penclomedine: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.42	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	9.25	5	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	7.17	11	1	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	3.86	3	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	3.58	2	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.71	3	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	3.59	2	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
tenidap tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer	2.05	1	0
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	4.08	4	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	8.92	3	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	3.23	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
enadoline enadoline: kappa-opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; PD 129290 (CAM 570; CI 977) is the S,S(-)-enantiomer; PD 129289 (CAM 569) is the corresponding R,R(+)-enantiomer	1.98	1	0
dup 532 DuP 532: angiotensin I receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	4.38	5	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	3.93	3	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	9.79	37	13	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	6.47	7	1	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	2.44	2	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
duloxetine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	4.25	5	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
aptiganel hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	10.49	20	7	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.23	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.41	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	3.23	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	2.41	2	0	organoiodine compound
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	5.61	2	1	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source	3.86	3	0	biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	organochlorine compound
relcovaptan relcovaptan: a nonpeptide vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.72	3	0	proline derivative
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	5.37	7	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	4.12	4	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	14.07	184	5	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
phenelzine sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
trichloroacetamide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
nitroaniline nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.	1.96	1	0
amyl nitrate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
allyl formate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	2.03	1	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.	1.97	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	poison
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.68	3	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
d-lactic acid (R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.	2	1	0	2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	4.2	17	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	2.36	2	0
edda EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.	2.03	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; ethylenediamine derivative; glycine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; chelator
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.51	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
perfluoropropionic acid perfluoropropionic acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.	1.99	1	0
carbogen carbogen: mixture of 95% O2 & 5% CO2	2.43	2	0
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	1.96	1	0
fluoxetine hydrochloride fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride; N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
desferrioxamine b mesylate desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.	2.46	2	0	methanesulfonate salt	antidote; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator
propranolol hydrochloride Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
bupropion hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.44	7	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	8	38	2	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	1.98	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	3.86	3	0
verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.	2.74	3	0
cefprozil [no description available]	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States.	2.03	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	geroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
terfenadine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer	1.97	1	0
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	5.82	3	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.59	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
2,4-diamino-5-adamantyl-6-methylpyrimidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
u 37883a U 37883A: an antagonist of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; structure given in first source	3.38	7	0
rolofylline rolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agent	1.99	1	0	oxopurine
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	8.07	30	2	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.03	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.4	2	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.71	3	0	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
3-aminoisobutyric acid 3-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-aminoisobutyric acid : A beta-amino-acid that is isobutyric acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by an amino group.	2.79	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	8.9	2	1	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
cyclen cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.15	1	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	5.43	14	1	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.94	4	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	7.34	6	2	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.8	3	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	7.47	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	4.56	4	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	9.31	5	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
allicin [no description available]	2.7	3	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.74	3	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
diacetylfluorescein [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2'-deoxyuridylic acid 2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.38	7	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	6.77	17	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	5.46	5	1	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
ethyl acetimidate ethyl acetimidate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
homocitrulline L-homocitrulline : A L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine having a carbamoyl group at the N(6)-position. It is found in individuals with urea cycle disorders.	3.86	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ureas	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	steroid sulfate	human metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	3.64	9	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.13	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
xanthotoxol 8-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 8.	1.99	1	0	8-hydroxyfurocoumarin
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.28	6	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide: disulfide is an important moiety in this cpd. aldrithiol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a pyridin-2-yldisulfanediyl group at position 2. It is a reagent used in molecular biology as an oxidizing agent. Also used in peptide synthesis and for detecting thiols.	2.38	2	0	organic disulfide; pyridines	oxidising agent
6-sulfatoxymelatonin 6-sulfatoxymelatonin: metabolite of melatonin; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0	acetamides
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.	4.28	19	0	2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate	3.6	9	0
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	2.68	3	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	2.41	1	0
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	2.04	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.17	1	0
4-nitrophenylgalactoside 4-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer. 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactopyranoside having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.69	3	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative	affinity label
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.	2.75	3	0	phosphatidylglycerol
1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to dihydrogen phosphate	2.01	1	0
nile red nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amine; cyclic ketone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	3.82	12	0	iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	14.19	47	33	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
fructose-1-phosphate fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate.	1.99	1	0	D-fructose 1-phosphate
o-(6)-methylguanine O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.	3.1	1	0	methylguanine	mutagen
inositol hexasulfate inositol hexasulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	2.1	1	0
dobutamine hydrochloride dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	drug allergen
dopamine hydrochloride P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498	2.41	2	0	catecholamine
proadifen hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	3.28	6	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	5.89	32	0	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	3.95	13	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate: deprotecting cpd for peptides	2.07	1	0
hypusine hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).	2.7	3	0
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	2.46	2	0	purine nucleoside
sinefungin [no description available]	2.89	4	0	adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.46	2	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.46	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt
histamine phosphate histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.	3.48	2	0	phosphate salt	histamine agonist
4-aminomethylbenzoic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids
n-acetylpenicillamine N-acetylpenicillamine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-penicillamine : An N-acetyl-D-amino acid where the amino acid is D-penicillamine	1.96	1	0	N-acetyl-D-amino acid
glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.	7.36	2	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	5.29	17	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
tetraiodothyroacetic acid tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'.	1.99	1	0	2-halophenol; aromatic ether; iodophenol; monocarboxylic acid	apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; thyroid hormone
tilbroquinol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organohalogen compound; quinolines
bendamustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
ritipenem ritipenem: carbapenem antibiotic; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	3.23	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
metrifudil [no description available]	2.03	1	0
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.92	4	0	beta-carbolines
ecabet ecabet: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	diterpenoid
bicozamycin bicozamycin : A commercially important azabicyclic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces sapporonensis. It inhibits the Rho protein of E. coli.	1.96	1	0	azabicycloalkane; bridged compound	antibacterial agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; antiinfective agent
milnacipran Milnacipran: A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.	2.48	2	0	acetamides
lercanidipine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
ebrotidine ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector	3.53	2	0	sulfonamide
web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	3.23	6	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
arpromidine arpromidine: structure given in first source	6.99	1	0
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
bepafant bepafant: RN given from Toxlit 6/90; PAF antagonist	1.98	1	0
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	piperidines
tolafentrine tolafentrine: a mixed-type phosphodiesterase (PDE) III/IV inhibitor	2.47	2	0
lerisetron [no description available]	2.01	1	0
lubeluzole lubeluzole: a benzothiazole compound; used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke; R-91154 is the inactive isomer	1.99	1	0	benzothiazoles
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	7.33	12	3	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
inogatran inogatran: a direct low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor	4.85	6	0
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aralkylamine
methacycline [no description available]	2.72	3	0	1,2-diglyceride
thioridazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	first generation antipsychotic; geroprotector
armin Armin: A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic.	2	1	0	organic phosphonate; phosphonic ester
procainamide hydrochloride procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
siquil [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent
lumiflavin lumiflavin : A compound showing yellow-green fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in alkaline solution.	2.01	1	0	flavin
sotalol hydrochloride sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
oxymetazoline hydrochloride oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.05	1	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
alprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.	2.9	4	0
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.45	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-naphthyl isocyanate alpha-naphthyl isocyanate: used to separate enantiomers of beta-blockers; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.42	2	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.99	4	0	boronic acids
porphine porphine: structure given in first source	7.41	1	0
acetoxime [no description available]	1.98	1	0	ketoxime
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	3.85	12	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
fluphenazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent
n-acetyl-l-arginine N-acetyl-L-arginine: has effect on convulsive seizures. N(alpha)-acetyl-L-arginine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-arginine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.	12.15	20	1	N-acetyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	3.76	11	0	phenanthroline
1h-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 1H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: structure given in first source. 4-azabenzimidazole : The [4,5-b]-fused isomer of imidazopyridine.	2.07	1	0	imidazopyridine
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	5.99	26	1	1,2,3-triazole
2-iodosobenzoic acid ortho-iodosylbenzoic acid : A benzoic acid compound having an iodosyl substituent at the ortho-position.	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
tryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
guanidinopropionic acid guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels	3.61	9	0	guanidines; zwitterion	hypoglycemic agent
3-fluoropyruvate 3-fluoropyruvate: a substrate for E coli pyruvate dehydrogenase; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-fluoropyruvic acid : A pyruvic acid derivative having a 3-fluoro substituent.. 3-fluoropyruvate : The anion of 3-fluoropyruvic acid.	1.98	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound
deuteroporphyrin-ix [no description available]	2.02	1	0
2,4-diaminopyridine 4-amino-2-iminopyridine: structure in first source	2	1	0	diaminopyridine
formamidine formamidine: RN given refers to parent compound. formamidine : The smallest member of the class of carboxamidines being formic acid with the O and OH groups from the carboxy function replaced by NH and NH2 groups respectively. The parent of the class of formamidines.	2.39	2	0	carboxamidine; formamidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone monoacetylphloroglucinol: structure in first source. 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone : A benzenetriol that is acetophenone in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the phenyl group are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; methyl ketone	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.	1.98	1	0	isocoumarins
djenkolic acid djenkolic acid: amino acid isolated from djenkol bean; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-djenkolic acid : A dithioacetal consisting of two molecules of L-cysteine joined via their sulfanyl groups to methylene.	2.35	2	0	dithioacetal; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	plant metabolite; toxin
phenylacetylglycine phenylacetylglycine : A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group.	3.01	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-imidazoline 2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. imidazoline : An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.	2.03	1	0	imidazolines
gold cyanide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	4.08	3	1	anthocyanidin chloride
n,n-carbonyldiimidazole [no description available]	2.72	3	0
sesamol sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	benzodioxoles
n-acetyltyrosine N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.	2	1	0	N-acetyltyrosine; N-acyl-L-tyrosine	biomarker; EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite
guanidinoethane sulfonate [no description available]	3.76	3	0	guanidines; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
isobutyramide [no description available]	3.77	3	0	carboximidic acid
clomipramine hydrochloride clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug
amiloride hydrochloride amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.	2.74	3	0	hydrate	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
prazosin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.37	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
econazole nitrate econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.	2.46	2	0
methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate: structure	1.98	1	0
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	3.24	6	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	7.58	8	2	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	4.08	4	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
fenspiride hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nilverm [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sanguinarine chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	3.5	2	0	isourea
metralindole metralindole: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; inkasan refers to mono-HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source & in UD references	1.97	1	0	beta-carbolines
ropinirole hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
selfotel selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	3.23	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
brodimoprim brodimoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. brodimoprim : An aminopyrimidine that is 2,4-diaminopyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl group.	7	1	0	aminopyrimidine; bromobenzenes; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cicloxilic acid cicloxilic acid: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure. cicloxilic acid : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-cicloxilic acid. It is a choleretic agent that has antilithogenic activity.. (1S,2R)-cicloxilic acid : A 2-hydroxy-2-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid that has (1S,2R)-stereoconfiguration.	2.36	2	0	2-hydroxy-2-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid
delta sleep-inducing peptide Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal.	3.37	1	1
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.25	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
plasmenylserine plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.	2.03	1	0	O-phosphoserine	EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.	2.46	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	antirheumatic drug; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.	7.77	3	0	dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
trimegestone trimegestone: ligand for progesterone receptor	3.4	1	1	20-oxo steroid
glycine amide glycine amide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.71	3	0	amino acid amide; glycine derivative
glycine methyl ester glycine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl glycinate : A glycinyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with methanol.	1.98	1	0	glycinyl ester	metabolite
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.	13.8	36	27	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
resorufin [no description available]	2.42	2	0	phenoxazine
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	2.9	4	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
2,3-diaminonaphthalene [no description available]	3.51	2	0
ethyl tyrosine ester ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.	1.97	1	0	ethyl ester; L-tyrosyl ester
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
leucyltyrosine leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
n-acetyltryptamine N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; indoles
5-imidazolepropionic acid 5-imidazolepropionic acid: competitive inhibitor of urocanase reaction which catalyzes conversion of urocanate into imidazolone propionate; structure. dihydrourocanic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.	2.31	1	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid
tyrosine methyl ester tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.	2.39	2	0	L-tyrosyl ester; methyl ester
3-amino-1,2,4-triazine [no description available]	2.39	2	0
leucyl-glycyl-glycine leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	1.97	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
acetylleucine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	L-leucine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	4.19	17	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bicinchoninic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
D-serine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
D-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; D-alpha-amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
copper histidine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid; histidine; polar amino acid zwitterion	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-tyrosine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; tyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	3.54	2	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
isaxonine isaxonine: promotes nerve growth	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine
dihydroergotamine mesylate dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.03	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	3.37	7	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	4.79	32	0
ranolazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	3.23	1	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
atipamezole [no description available]	1.98	1	0
uk 68798 [no description available]	3.56	2	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	3.59	2	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.39	2	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	3.77	11	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
loxapine succinate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	succinate salt	geroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acetamides	geroprotector
pirenzepine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
labetalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	salicylamides
acecainide hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
maprotiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	anthracenes
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0
trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.	2.07	1	0	disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
D-valine D-valine : The D-enantiomer of valine.	2.17	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; valine
phenylalanine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	3.59	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
buparvaquone buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0
aceclofenac [no description available]	3.66	2	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrefazole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	imidazoles
nipradilol [no description available]	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
efaroxan efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.53	2	0	1-benzofurans
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.67	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
siguazodan [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyridazinone
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	3.69	10	0
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine 3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
magnolol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biphenyls
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	2.6	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	7.13	1	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
glucosamine 6-o-sulfate beta-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate : A 6-O-sulfo-D-glucosamine in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.	2.02	1	0	6-O-sulfo-D-glucosamine
neamine neamine: fragment of NEOMYCIN B; structure in first source. neamine : 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group.	7.73	3	0	2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside; aminoglycoside	antibacterial agent
mesoporphyrin ix mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.	2.11	1	0
uroporphyrin i uroporphyrin I: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	3.09	5	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source	2.72	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
pneumocandin c(0) pneumocandin C(0): structure given in first source; isolated from Zalerion arboricola	2	1	0
cresol red [no description available]	1.97	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
beta-aminoglutaric acid 3-aminoglutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. isoglutamic acid : A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-amino substituent. It has been isolated from the extracts of the algae, Chondria armata.	1.99	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; marine metabolite
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.	3.75	11	0	sulfonic acid derivative
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.05	1	0
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	7.05	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
bes 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.15 at 20 degreeC.	2	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; amino sulfonic acid; BES
5-hydroxyuracil 5-hydroxyuracil: used in treatment of colonic adenocarcinoma	2.02	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	2.49	2	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	3.69	2	0	carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter	2.03	1	0
o(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having O(6)-methylguanine as the nucleobase.	2.02	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate xanthosine 5'-phosphate : xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.. 5'-xanthylic acid : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having xanthine as the nucleobase.	2.41	2	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; xanthosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
amperozide hydrochloride amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; geroprotector; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
calpeptin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	amino acid amide
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	2.48	2	0
dehydroleucodine dehydroleucodine: has antimicrobial activity; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer	1.99	1	0
agroclavine agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.	2.03	1	0	ergot alkaloid
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	3.85	3	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.88	3	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
haba 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid : An azo compound that is azobenzene in which one phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group, while the other phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a carboxy group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry.	1.96	1	0
2-naphthylisothiocyanate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	2.41	1	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
pentafluorobenzyl bromide pentafluorobenzyl bromide : A member of the class benzyl bromides that is benzyl bromide in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the phenyl ring are replaced by fluoro groups. It is a versatile derivatization agent in chromatography and mass spectrometry.	2.02	1	0	benzyl bromides; fluorobenzenes
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	3.23	1	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
dicetylphosphate dicetylphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dicetyl hydrogen phosphate : The dihexadecyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.02	1	0	dialkyl phosphate
2-naphthylamide naphthalene-2-carboxamide: structure in first source. naphthalene-2-carboxamide : A naphthalenecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-naphthoic acid with ammonia.	2.44	2	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
s-methylisothiourea sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
malonamic acid malonamic acid: structure	2.07	1	0	beta-alanine derivative
o-methylisourea O-methylisourea: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.06	5	0
n-formylglycine glycal : A cyclic enol ether derivative of a sugar having a double bond specifically between carbon atoms 1 and 2 in the ring.	2.08	1	0	N-acylglycine; N-formyl amino acid
n-acetylhistidine N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.	2.02	1	0	L-histidine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylhistidine	animal metabolite
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.	2.68	3	0	alanine derivative; alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	human urinary metabolite
1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd	6.95	1	0	benzotriazoles
c.i. direct red 80 Solophenyl red 3BL: structure in first source. Sirius red F3B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red F3B (acid form) with six equivalents of sodium hydroxide. A polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid.	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide 4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide : An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.	2	1	0	organic disulfide; pyridines
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
leucylleucine Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylleucine phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	plant metabolite
benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester ethyl N-benzoyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-benzoyltyrosine.	2.89	4	0	benzamides; ethyl ester; L-tyrosine derivative; phenols	chromogenic compound
sofosbuvir 5-carboxycytosine: a 5-formylcystosine oxidation product; structure in first source. 5-carboxycytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.83	3	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic carboxylic acid; nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone	metabolite
monomethyl succinate monomethyl succinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. monomethyl succinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester.	2	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure	2.37	2	0
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer [no description available]	2.39	2	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	3.55	2	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	3.23	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	8.84	15	5	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
methyl mandelate methyl mandelate: RN given for (DL)-isomer; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	benzenes
2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.	2.01	1	0	MES; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion
12-hydroxydodecanoic acid 12-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid.	2.72	3	0	omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid	human metabolite
n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure	2.74	3	0
benzamidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4-nitrophenyl sulfate 4-nitrophenyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate the mono 4-nitrophenyl ester of sulfuric acid.. 4-nitrophenyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the sulfooxy group of 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate. The major microspecies at pH 7.3.	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfate; C-nitro compound	human metabolite
hydroxyguanidine N-hydroxyguanidine : A member of the class of guanidines that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a hydroxy group.	5.62	14	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.	2.41	1	0
6-aminoindazole 6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	indazoles
1-phenylimidazole 1-phenylimidazole: ligand for cytochrome P-450 & inhibitor of microsomal oxidation	2.4	2	0
leucyl-alanine Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.41	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
tryptophan ethyl ester tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	1.97	1	0
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.	1.98	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-bromopalmitate 2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.	2	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; bromo fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
bexarotene [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
flunisolide flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones	2	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	imidazoles
alanine methyl ester alanine methyl ester: RN refers to (L-Ala)-isomer	2.07	1	0
leucyl-leucyl-leucine leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.	1.97	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.15	1	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
caldopentamine caldopentamine: from cells of extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, grown at 80 degrees Celcius. caldopentamine : A polyazaalkane that is the 1,5,9,13,17-pentaaza derivative of heptodecane.	3.13	1	0	polyazaalkane; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound	marine metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
orphenadrine citrate orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.	2.46	2	0	citrate salt	H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
d-aspartic acid [no description available]	4.99	8	1	aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid	mouse metabolite
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2.74	3	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	5.81	6	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid: from Korean cabbage kimchi	2.08	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
zwittergent 3-12 zwittergent 3-12: zwitterionic detergent. lauryl sulfobetaine : An ammonium betaine in which the ammonium nitrogen is substituted by dodecyl, 3-sulfatopropyl and two methyl groups.	2	1	0	ammonium betaine	detergent
nitrosonium ion nitrosonium ion: a nitric oxide congener. oxidonitrogen(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation resulting from the removal of the unpaired electron from nitric oxide.	3.31	1	0	monovalent inorganic cation; nitrogen oxide
n-benzylglycine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
tyrosylleucine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
coenzyme a [no description available]	9.61	27	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ethylhydrocupreine ethylhydrocupreine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. optochin : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of 10,11-dihydrocinchonan bearing hydroxy and ethoxy substituents at positions 9 and 6' respectively.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; cinchona alkaloid	EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
5-thio-d-glucose 5-thio-D-glucose: RN given refers to 5-thio-D-glucose	2.02	1	0
Trp-Trp tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
methionine sulfoximine L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.	2.03	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine derivative; methionine sulfoximine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)	2.03	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	10	85	3	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.41	1	0
loganic acid loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively	7.21	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclopentapyran; glucoside	plant metabolite
carbetapentane citrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	carbonyl compound
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors	2.46	2	0	pyrrolidines
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	11.74	173	5	iditol	fungal metabolite
ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate: improves viability of encapsulated human stem cell preparations	2.25	1	0
4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal: used to determine available arginine residues in proteins	3.84	12	0
l-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
dichlorprop methyl ester [no description available]	2.06	1	0
moexipril [no description available]	3.23	1	0	peptide
phentolamine mesylate [no description available]	2.74	3	0
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone 17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.	1.99	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lupanine lupanine: formed by coupling of lupinine with pyridine; lupinine is also available; RN given refers to parent cpd(7S-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14aalpha))-isomer; structure. lupanine : The delta-lactam obtained by formal oxidation at the 2-position of sparteine. The major alkaloid from the seeds of Lupinus exaltatus, L. mexicanus and L. rotundiflorus, it is among the most important of the tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloids.	2.11	1	0	delta-lactam; quinolizidine alkaloid; tertiary amine
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	1.99	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
2-tyrosine 2-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. o-tyrosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of D- and L-o-tyrosine.. 2-hydroxyphenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 2 on the benzene ring.	2.39	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenols; phenylalanine derivative
mephentermine sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.	2.03	1	0	2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-phosphogluconic acid gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.	1.98	1	0	gluconic acid phosphate	fundamental metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.63	2	0
oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	1.98	1	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate 5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate	2.39	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
gitoxin gitoxin: an isomer of digoxin; the OH group which is in the C16 position while it is in the C12 position for Digoxin. gitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is gitoxigenin in which the 3beta-hydroxy group has been glycosylated with tridigitoxose.	2.01	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	18.32	244	30	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.01	14	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.67	3	0
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol
1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.	2.68	3	0	aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt	4.61	6	1
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.41	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
nimustine nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
coronatine coronatine: consists of a coronafacic acid joined by an amide bond to coronamic acid by coronafacate ligase; phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4(1R,2R),6beta,7alpha))-isomer;	2.02	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
cordium bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.	2.74	3	0	hydrate; hydrochloride
3-fluorotyrosine 3-fluorotyrosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	fluoroamino acid; fluorophenol; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative
thiomethylgalactoside [no description available]	1.97	1	0
1-methylhistidine 1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.	2.59	2	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite
succinyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.71	3	0	omega-carboxyacyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; inhibitor; mouse metabolite
L-2-aminoadipic acid L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.	2.03	1	0	2-aminoadipic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
phospho-l-arginine phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.	7.75	90	0	L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	animal metabolite
acetoacetyl coa [no description available]	2	1	0	3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	local anaesthetic
glycyltryptophan glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.72	3	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
phenylacetylglutamine N(2)-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine : An a N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine having L-configuration.	1.98	1	0	N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine	human metabolite
tarenflurbil tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;	2.31	1	0	flurbiprofen
mor-14 N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor	2.03	1	0	hydroxypiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.	3.4	1	1	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent
clodinafop-propargyl clodinafop-propargyl: an herbicide. clodinafop-propargyl : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of clodinafop with the hydroxy group of prop-2-yn-1-ol. It is widely used as a herbicide for the control of annual grass weeds in cereal crops.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; propyzamide; pyridines	agrochemical; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; herbicide
melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer	3.11	1	0	organic molecular entity
mci 9038 [no description available]	23.36	994	80	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.	5.31	2	2	tocopherol; vitamin E	algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite
orotidine orotidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orotidine : A nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.	1.97	1	0	nucleoside; pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid; uridines	bacterial metabolite; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.	2.03	1	0	3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one	antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
glycyltyrosine Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.37	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
n-epsilon-acetyllysine N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine : An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine where the N(6)-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.21	1	0	acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine	human metabolite
glycylleucine Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
histidine methyl ester histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.	2.4	2	0	histidine derivative
n(alpha)-acetyllysine N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton.	3.39	7	0	acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite
arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	8.34	108	1	alpha-amino acid ester
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	4.16	5	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
glycyl-l-phenylalanine glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite; metabolite
droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension	2	1	0	catechols; L-tyrosine derivative	antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	5.56	23	0
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	2.71	3	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
n-dodecanoylglutamic acid N-dodecanoylglutamic acid: RN refers to (DL)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.75	3	0
phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
hexamethonium chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
stearoyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	1.99	1	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythrose D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.	3.11	5	0	erythrose	plant metabolite
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.37	2	0
n-acetyltryptophanamide [no description available]	2.76	3	0	acetamides; L-tryptophan derivative; primary carboxamide; secondary carboxamide
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	2.66	3	0
pyrroline pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.	2.43	2	0	pyrroline
hippuryl-histidyl-leucine hippuryl-histidyl-leucine: synthetic substrate for angiotensin converting enzyme; used in affinity chromatography	1.95	1	0
diprotin a [no description available]	2.02	1	0	peptide
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	8.86	12	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid: an ascorbate peroxidase antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid : A member of the class of pyridines that is isonicotinic acid which is substituted by chlorine at positions 2 and 6.	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; pyridines	EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor
6-fluorotryptophan 6-fluorotryptophan: an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
2-methylglutamic acid 2-methylglutamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0
2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid: a specific marker of oxidized arginine and proline residues in proteins; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.36	7	0	alpha-amino acid
4-deoxypyridoxine 5'-phosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	4.9	8	1
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport	2.03	1	0
imidazoleacetic acid imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.	2.73	3	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde: used in colorimetric determination of cholesterol; RN from CA Form Index Vol 90; N1 same as NM	3.25	6	0
3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride: used to modify proteins	2.05	1	0
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.69	3	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
alanylphenylalanine alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
hippuryl-l-arginine [no description available]	3.77	11	0
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	oligopeptide
10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
n-benzoyl-l-arginine N-benzoyl-L-arginine: RM given refers to (l)-isomer; structure. N-benzoyl-L-arginine : An N-acyl-L-arginine that is L-arginine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.	8.05	5	0	benzamides; N-acyl-L-arginine
3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamidine 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamidine: guanidinating reagent for proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
hexylglutathione S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).	2.03	1	0	S-substituted glutathione
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.	2.03	1	0	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	GABAB receptor agonist
beta-guanidinobutyric acid beta-guanidinobutyric acid: creatine antagonist	2.38	2	0
2-bromostearic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0
alanine-beta-naphthylamide alanine-beta-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	1.99	1	0
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.03	1	0
2,5-dihydroxypyridine pyridine-2,5-diol : A dihydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	4.9	1	1	dihydroxypyridine	mouse metabolite
diosgenin [no description available]	7.66	2	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
poly-o-acetylserine O-acetylserine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. O-acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-L-serine where the acetyl group is attached to the side-chain oxygen. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine in bacteria.	2.03	1	0	acetate ester; acetyl-L-serine; amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman: a Vitamin E derivative. chromanol : Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.	1.98	1	0
n-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate: acylates free amino groups on proteins	2.03	1	0
s-2-aminoethyl cysteine S-2-aminoethyl cysteine: inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. L-thialysine : A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects.	3.08	5	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor; metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	2.71	3	0
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin	2.03	1	0
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.02	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
kemptide [no description available]	2.67	3	0
coumarin 6 coumarin 6: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
arctiin arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.25	1	0	glycoside; lignan
7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin coumarin 151: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate: heterobifunctional reagent	2.42	2	0
serine hydroxamate serine hydroxamate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. serine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of serine with the amino group of hydroxylamine.	1.99	1	0	hydroxamic acid; serine derivative	EC 6.1.1.11 (serine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
4-fluorotryptophan 4-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0
benzoylamidoacetonitrile benzamidoacetonitrile: a powerful competitive inhibitor of papain	1.95	1	0
n(6)-phenyladenosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	purine nucleoside
tingenone tingenone: quinonoid triterpene isolated from Euonymus tingens	2.11	1	0
3'-uridylic acid 3'-uridylic acid: structure in first source; main heading URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE refers to 5'-uridylic acid. 3'-UMP : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate; uridine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer	2.03	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	2.5	2	0	methyladenosine
leucine-beta-naphthylamide leucine-beta-naphthylamide: aminopeptidase substrate. L-leucine 2-naphthylamide : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-leucine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	2.66	3	0	amino acid amide; L-leucine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide: RN given for (S)-isomer. L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide : An L-phenylalanine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-phenylalanine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	1.98	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
dansyl asparagine dansyl asparagine: used as reagent for preparing dansyl derivatives for fluorescence monitoring	2.06	1	0
suphepa Suphepa: used for the determination of chymotrypsin in stools in diagnosis of pancreatic disease	1.99	1	0
lanthionine lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.	2.66	3	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	bacterial metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	5.37	59	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.94	13	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	6.48	7	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
mafosfamide mafosfamide: RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer	2.02	1	0
hydrogen sulfite [no description available]	2.31	1	0	sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	3.6	9	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
tritium oxide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	tritiated compound; water
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	4.37	2	2
mizoribine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
monocrotaline pyrrole monocrotaline pyrrole: RN given refers to (13alpha,14alpha)-isomer	7.02	1	0
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	3.09	5	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.42	2	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	3.24	6	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	4.79	7	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	6.93	37	0	oligopeptide
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	5.31	4	3	calcium salt; hydrate
wr 1065 WR-1065 : An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	1.99	1	0	alkanethiol; diamine	antioxidant; drug metabolite; radiation protective agent
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	10.59	22	5
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	2.68	3	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	3.13	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure	2.03	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
sr141716 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	7.2	29	1	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	5.92	19	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
cp-55,940 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
acrylodan [no description available]	2.71	3	0
u 74006f tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox	1.99	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.93	4	0
vanoxerine vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	dopamine uptake inhibitor
u 74389f U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345	2.68	3	0
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	2.44	2	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.4	2	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.4	2	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
laurdan laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide	2.47	2	0
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.43	2	0	beta-carbolines
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	2.39	2	0	aromatic ketone
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.72	3	0
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.09	5	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes	2.39	2	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	3.98	14	0
bradykinin, des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.69	10	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	2.03	1	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	4.84	33	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	5.27	16	0
epibatidine epibatidine: a powerful, though toxic, pain killer produced by the poison arrow frog, Epipedobates tricolor; structure given in first source; more potent than morphine but acts at nicotine rather than opiate receptors	2.06	1	0
3,4-dihydroxypyridine 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	4-pyridones; dihydroxypyridine
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.	2.17	1	0	diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.38	2	0
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
valylvaline valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-benzyloxycarbonyllysine 4-nitrophenyl ester N-benzyloxycarbonyllysine 4-nitrophenyl ester: hydrolyzed by papain; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.88	4	0
methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer	2.58	2	0
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available]	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	3.93	13	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
eudragit-e Eudragit-E: a cationic polymer, used as a embolic material for arteriovenous malformations and as a taste masker	2.17	1	0
cv 3988 CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist	3.09	5	0
cyproterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination [no description available]	2.1	1	0
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	7.01	1	0
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	beta-carbolines
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2	1	0	cholanoid
propionylcarnitine propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	5.21	3	1	O-acylcarnitine	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cardiotonic drug; human metabolite; peripheral nervous system drug
cv 6209 CV 6209: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	2.01	1	0	inositol phosphate
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.	2.42	2	0	hydrochloride	muscarinic antagonist
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.42	2	0
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets	2.4	2	0
saikosaponin d [no description available]	2.07	1	0
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	8.23	18	3	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fr 139317 FR 139317: endothelin receptor A antagonist; structure given in first source	3.49	8	0
hypotaurine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
l-pyroglutamyl-l-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide [no description available]	2.9	4	0
phorbol-12-myristate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
afdx 116 otenzepad: cardioselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0	benzodiazepine
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.96	4	0	proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate [no description available]	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid
gabazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sr 95531 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	methoxybenzenes
dityrosine dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.	7.54	2	0	biphenyls; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	biomarker
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	2.97	4	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
2'-5'-oligoadenylate trimer 2',5'-oligoadenylate: inhibits protein synthesis in cell-free systems	2.38	2	0
bretazenil bretazenil: RN given for (S) isomer	2.01	1	0
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis	3.27	6	0
cl 218872 CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure	2.03	1	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
betaxolol hydrochloride betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.	2.03	1	0	hydrate	geroprotector
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrobromide	serotonergic antagonist
fk 888 FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0	peptide
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.	3.8	11	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.17	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	capsaicinoid
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	9.53	56	1	L-alpha-amino acid
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.4	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)- 1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.4	2	0
cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX	1.97	1	0
indospicine indospicine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-indospicine : An alpha-amino acid that is 2,7-diaminoheptanoic acid substituted by a imino group at position 7 (the 2S stereoisomer).	2.78	3	0	carboxamidine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	hepatotoxic agent; plant metabolite
nopaline nopaline: utilized by virulent strains of Agrobacterium; metabolites of crown-gall tumors; isonopaline refers to (R-isomer) of nopaline; structure. D-nopaline : An amino acid opine resulting from the formal reductive condensation of the amino group of L-arginine with the keto group of 2-oxopentanedioic acid.	7.54	103	0	amino acid opine; D-glutamic acid derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; secondary amino compound; tricarboxylic acid
s-nitrosomercaptoethanol S-nitrosomercaptoethanol: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor. It is an anti-infective agent and inhibits Bacillus cereus spore outgrowth.	1.98	1	0
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline-3(3h)-one 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline-3(3H)-one: inhibits binding of benzodiazepine cpds to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain	1.97	1	0
sri 63-441 SRI 63-441: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	1.98	1	0
ml 9 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.	7.44	2	0
parthenolide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	germacranolide
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.42	2	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dynorphin (1-8) dynorphin (1-8): opioid octapeptide from porcine hypothalamus; comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin	2.39	2	0
senktide [no description available]	2.9	4	0
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	4.15	16	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	5.08	43	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0
octopine D-octopine : The (1R)-1-carboxyethyl derivative of L-arginine. It is a metabolite released by plant tumours.	13.53	156	0	amino acid opine; amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-arginine derivative; guanidines; secondary amino compound	animal metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
ci 988 PD 134308: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist; inhibits growth of LoVo, a human colon cancer cell line; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	8.33	53	2
tadalafil [no description available]	7.66	9	3	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
3-chloro-L-tyrosine 3-chloro-L-tyrosine : A chloroamino acid comprising a tyrosine core with a chloro- substituent ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	chloroamino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monochlorobenzenes; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; human metabolite
acetylphenylalanamide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.	2.08	1	0	beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
st 587 St 587: clonidine derivative which is selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulator with lipophilic properties; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone 2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone: lignan isolated from urine of humans & other mammals; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in second source	3.41	1	1	lignan
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart	2.03	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	14.03	52	26	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
monobromobimane monobromobimane: fluorescent when reacted with thiol group; RN & N1 from CA Vol 91 Form Index; inhibits platelet calcium-dependent protease activity & the ability of dibucaine-stimulated platelets to support factor X activation; structure in first source. monobromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing three methyl substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6 as well as a bromomethyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.13	1	0	organobromine compound; pyrazolopyrazole	fluorochrome
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
u 73343 U 73343: an inactive analog of U 73122	2.01	1	0
3-deoxyglucosone 3-deoxyglucosone: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. 3-deoxyglucosone : A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.	5.43	14	1	deoxyglucose; deoxyketohexose
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	4.78	7	1
n-n-propyl-n-phenylethyl-4(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	1.98	1	0
pd 123177 PD 123177: nonpeptide angiotensin AII-2 inhibitor	2.39	2	0	diarylmethane
opc 21268 OPC 21268: structure given in first source; vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist	2.69	3	0
landiolol landiolol: structure given in first source; a highly cardioselective ultra short-acting beta-blocker	3.46	1	1	morpholines
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.73	3	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable	2.03	1	0	straight-chain fatty acid
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2.47	2	0
sc 41930 SC 41930: leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
s-sulphocysteine S-sulphocysteine: residues in physiologically significant proteins treated with sulfite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. S-sulfo-L-cysteine : An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as a sulfo group.	1.96	1	0	organic thiosulfate; S-substituted L-cysteine	human metabolite; plant metabolite
globomycin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
trypanothione trypanothione disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.	8.81	3	0	organic disulfide
selenocystamine selenocystamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	0	organoselenium compound
dihydro-dids [no description available]	1.96	1	0
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK	5.68	15	0
3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
paliperidone 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	3.08	5	0	monoterpenoid
2-iodomelatonin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acetamides
nitisinone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	3.97	4	0
gallium nitride [no description available]	2.08	1	0
l-lysine methyl ester methyl L-lysinate : The L-lysyl ester formed by conjugating L-lysine with methanol.	1.94	1	0	L-lysyl ester
arcaine, sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
3-mercaptopicolinic acid 3-mercaptopicolinic acid: gluconeogenesis inhibitor; may also inhibit ATP-dependentphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	1.98	1	0
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis	1.98	1	0
thiodigalactoside thiodigalactoside: RN given refers to beta-D-galactopyranoside (D-Gal)-isomer	2.39	2	0
efonidipine efonidipine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-efonidipine. It is a antihypertensive drug and a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker.. 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethanol.	2.17	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxylic ester; dihydropyridine; tertiary amino compound
lithospermate b lithospermate B: major biologically active component of dan shen ; improves renal failure	1.98	1	0
clofarabine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
sr 48692 SR 48692: structure in first source; a neurotensin receptor-1 antagonist	2.39	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
7-methoxyresorufin [no description available]	2.4	2	0
morphiceptin morphiceptin: synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer; see also related heptapeptide beta-casomorphin; RN given refers to parent cpd(L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro)-isomer	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide
cyclo(alanine-(1-amino-1-cyclopentane)carbonyl) cyclo(alanine-(1-amino-1-cyclopentane)carbonyl): a melanostatin analog	2.25	1	0
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.	2.38	2	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor antagonist
5-fluoromethylornithine 5-fluoromethylornithine : An ornithine derivative in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 is replaced by a fluoromethyl group. It is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase.	2.4	2	0	organofluorine compound; ornithine derivative	EC 2.6.1.13 (ornithine aminotransferase) inhibitor
sch 23982 8-iodo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine-7-ol: labeled with 125I; D-1 dopamine receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
mozavaptan mozavaptan: aquaretic agent; vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	benzamides	aquaretic
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	2.42	2	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	3.78	11	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid : A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxyindole	mouse metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	4.9	1	1	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
1-hydroxyethyl radical ethoxide : An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol.	2.03	1	0	organic anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gallopamil hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
argipressin, deaminopenicillamine(1)-o-methyl-tyr(2)- argipressin, deaminopenicillamine(1)-O-methyl-Tyr(2)-: vasopressin antagonist; RN refers to (L-Tyr-L-Arg)-isomer	2	1	0
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
buthionine sulfoximine L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents.	2.03	1	0	2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	3.97	3	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.	19.58	558	33	imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; cross-linking reagent
gr 73632 GR 73632: neurokinin receptor agonist	1.98	1	0
valdecoxib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
parecoxib parecoxib: structure in first source. parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib.	2.05	1	0	isoxazoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
carglumic acid carglumic acid: carglumic acid could be helpful in lowering plasma ammonia levels over 400 micromol/L more rapidly. carglumic acid : A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.	7.28	29	1	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; ureas	carbamylphosphate synthetase I activator; orphan drug
splenopentin splenopentin: see also BCH 069 which is a modified pentapeptide from splenin	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.	2.47	2	0	azamacrocycle	chelator; copper chelator
lacto-n-neotetraose lacto-N-neotetraose: binds human cold agglutinin	2.13	1	0
calpain inhibitor 2 calpain inhibitor 2: inhibits degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and some other cysteine proteinases	2.03	1	0	peptide
mannopine mannopine: mannityl opine analog; RN given refers to (S)-isomer. mannopine : A hexitol derivative that is D-mannitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by the alpha-amino group of L-glutamine. It is produced in crown gall tumours induced in a wide range of dicotyledenous plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.	3.5	8	0	amino acid opine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; hexitol derivative; L-glutamine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	plant metabolite
a 63162 N-hydroxy-N-(1-(4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)-acetamide: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
1-leucine-4-nitroanilide 1-leucine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for arylamidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
6-deoxyerythronolide b 6-deoxyerythronolide B: Streptomyces erythreus metabolite; presumed intermediate in biosynthesis of erythromycins; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	erythronolide
inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphate groups placed at the 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-positions.	2	1	0	myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate	mouse metabolite
alliin alliin: nutritional supplement in diet; possible therapeutic use in anemia and splenic hypertrophy; structure. alliin : An L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group.	2.44	2	0	alpha-amino acid
indanidine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; primary arylamine; substituted aniline	geroprotector; serotonergic agonist
8-azidoadenosine diphosphate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
agropine agropine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	4.58	8	0
alpha-(difluoromethyl)arginine alpha-(difluoromethyl)arginine: irreversible inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase	4.94	38	0
sk&f 105685 SK&F 105685: an azaspirane; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
thymidine diphosphate-l-rhamnose dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose : The beta-anomer of dTDP-L-rhamnose.	2.17	1	0	dTDP-L-rhamnose	Escherichia coli metabolite
methylthio-adp [no description available]	2.73	3	0
isoleucyl-prolyl-arginine-4-nitroanilide isoleucyl-prolyl-arginine-4-nitroanilide: chromogenic substrate for tissue plasminogen activator; RN given refers to D-Ile-L-Pro-L-Arg-isomer	2.38	2	0
11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
bw a868c BW A868C: a selective DP receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nip 121 NIP 121: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
fluorescein 5-maleimide [no description available]	2.25	1	0
ro 46-2005 Ro 46-2005: an orally active non-peptide antagonist of endothelin receptors; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
s-nitroso-n-acetylcysteine S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.99	1	0
l 655240 L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd	2.03	1	0	methylindole
bw a1433u BW A1433U: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; attenuates hypoxia-induced AH interval prolongation; derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine	1.98	1	0
sr 27897 SR 27897: structure given in first source; a CCK(A) receptor antagonist	2	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
2-n-(4-(1-azitrifluoroethyl)benzoyl)-1,3-bis-(mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine 2-N-(4-(1-azitrifluoroethyl)benzoyl)-1,3-bis-(mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine: an azi-ethyl-benzoyl-propylamine with mannose attached at two locations of the propylamine	1.99	1	0
angiotensin ii, sar(1)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, Sar(1)-Ile(5)-: RN given refers to (5-L-Ile)-isomer	1.97	1	0
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available]	2.42	2	0
dx 9065a (2S)-2-(4-(((3S)-1-acetimidoyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)oxy)phenyl)-3-(7-amidino-2-naphtyl)propanoic acid: structure given in first source	3.39	7	0
pd 142893 PD 142893: functional antagonist of endothelin-stimulated vasoconstriction	2.4	2	0
delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.68	3	0
flavin semiquinone flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase	2.72	3	0
sch 34826 Sch 34826: structure given in first source	2	1	0
arginylphenylalaninamide arginylphenylalaninamide: RN given refers to (L,L)-isomer; fragment of FMRamide; may be used as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator by optic lobe neurons of different types	2.41	1	0
inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
tryptophan methyl ester tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer	1.96	1	0
san 58035 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
kallidin, des-arg(10)- kallidin, des-Arg(10)-: includes both L and D isomers of Phe(8)	1.98	1	0
2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine 2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine: formed by Maillard recaction of bovine serum albumin with glucose; RN refers to (S)-isomer. 1-(L-norleucin-6-yl)pyrraline : An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-lysine with glucose.. pyrraline : A pyrrole having formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively; useful as indicator of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).	7.14	25	0	L-lysine derivative; N-substituted pyrraline; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
dansylarginine n-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide: fluorescent inhibitor of thrombin; structure	5.84	31	0
dansylsarcosine [no description available]	2.06	1	0
dansylglutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone dansylglutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: inactivates bovine factor Xa	2.38	2	0
efegatran efegatran: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd (D)-isomer	5.89	10	0
mebikar mebikar: structure	2.6	1	0	imidazolidinone
glucitollysine glucitollysine: glycosylated amino acid elevated in proteins from diabetics; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
octanoyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	1.96	1	0
acetylphenylalanyl-prolyl-boroarginine Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH : A C-terminal boronic acid petide that is N-acetyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine in which the C-termnal carboxy group has been replaced by a borono (-B(OH)2) group. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.. DuP-714 : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH and hydrogen chloride. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.	4.48	7	0	acetamides; C-terminal boronic acid peptide; guanidines	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
1-((beta-mercapto-beta)beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(o-ethyl-tyr)-4-val-9-des-gly-arginine vasopressin 1-((beta-mercapto-beta)beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-Tyr)-4-Val-9-des-Gly-arginine vasopressin: vasopressin receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (D-Tyr)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89	1.98	1	0
val-leu-arg-p-nitroanilide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide: carboxyl modifying agent	1.99	1	0
n-succinimidyl propionate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.05	1	0
procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.	2.21	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite
imidodiphosphonic acid imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
dehydroacetic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	ketone; pyran-2,4-dione	antibacterial agent; fungicide; plasticiser
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	2.97	4	0	carbene; methanediyl
diazene [no description available]	1.99	1	0	nitrogen hydride
hydronium ion [no description available]	2.05	1	0	onium cation; oxygen hydride
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	10.4	56	1	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	2.08	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	2.77	3	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.98	4	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	3.23	1	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	10.93	7	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
2-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
5'-deoxy-5'-s-isobutylthioadenosine 5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine: considered an analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure	1.97	1	0
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
prolyl-phenylalanyl-arginine-4-nitroanilide prolyl-phenylalanyl-arginine-4-nitroanilide: chromogenic cpd	2.38	2	0
diadenosine 5',5''''-p1,p6-hexaphosphate diadenosine 5',5''''-P1,P6-hexaphosphate: inhibits the action of ribonuceotide reductase on ADP. P(1),P(6)-bis(5'-adenosyl)hexaphosphate : A diadenosyl hexaphosphate in which the two adenosin-5'-yl groups are attached at the P(1) and P(6) positions.	1.98	1	0	diadenosyl hexaphosphate	vasoconstrictor agent
(3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline: potent agonist at dopamine receptors mediating neuronal inhibition; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in UD indicates phenyl-imino group	2.92	4	0
met-enkephalinamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
5,5'-dimethyl-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetate 5,5'-dimethyl-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate: calcium chelator; do not confuse with calcium specific chelator (MAPTAM buffer). 5,5'-dimethyl-BAPTA : A polyamino carboxylic acid, the structure of which is that of BAPTA carrying methyl substituents at C-5 and C-5'.	2.01	1	0	polyamino carboxylic acid	chelator
2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.68	3	0
cephamycin c cephamycin C: produced from O-carbamoyldeacetylcephalosporin in C by cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. cephamycin C : One of three naturally occurring cephamycin antibiotics, differing from the A and B forms in its carbamoyloxymethyl substituent at C-3.	1.97	1	0
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
kf 17837s KF 17837: adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonist; KF17837S is the equilibrium mixture of (E)- and (Z)-isomers	1.99	1	0
4-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	fluorochrome
lhrh, gln(8)- [no description available]	1.96	1	0
neurotensin (8-13) neurotensin (8-13): binds in human brain to the same site as neurotensin but with higher affinity	7.73	3	0
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)- [no description available]	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity
cgp 42112a CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.	2.38	2	0	benzyl ester; oligopeptide; pyridinecarboxamide	angiotensin receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.39	2	0
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide: endogenous opioid antagonist octapeptide from bovine brain	4.82	10	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	13.41	130	7	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	5.11	14	0	dipeptide
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	4.5	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
p(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate P(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: inert toward Na pump; can be incorporated into vesicles & on continuous irradiation forms ATP; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells	2.44	2	0
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	3.24	6	0	organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	26.91	2,127	232	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.	2.94	4	0	cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar	metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist
h-d-phe-pip-arg-pna S 2238: chromogenic substrate for thrombin; used in amidolytic assay; patterned after N-terminal portion of A alpha chain of fibrinogen; synonym S-2238 refers to di-HCl	3.24	6	0
antibiotic g 418 antibiotic G 418: from Micromonospora rhodorangea	2.52	2	0
benzoylarginine ethyl ester benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.54	103	0
bradykinin, leu(8)-des-arg(9)- bradykinin, Leu(8)-des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.39	2	0
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.26	6	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2	1	0
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	9.19	130	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
head activator peptide head activator peptide: undecapeptide from hydra which acts as head inducing morphogen; also isolated from sea anemone, mammalian brain & intestine	2.07	1	0
bq 610 BQ 610: endothelin A receptor antagonist; endothelin-1 antagonist	2.91	4	0
phosphohistidine phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine	3.24	6	0
galactose-1-phosphate alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate : A D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.93	1	0	alpha-D-hexose 1-phosphate; D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycylglutamine glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.06	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite; protective agent
n-acetylneuraminoyllactose 3'-sialyllactose: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
statine statine: amine component of pepstatin; structure	2.1	1	0
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.43	2	0	diarylmethane
pristanic acid pristanic acid : A branched, long-chain saturated fatty acid composed of pentadecanoic acid having methyl substituents at the 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-positions.	2.13	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid	human metabolite
alanylglutamine alanylglutamine: RN refers to (L-Glu)-isomer; dipeptiven is for parenteral use. Ala-Gln : A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues.	4.76	9	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
6-methoxy-n-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
neurokinin a (4-10), beta-ala(8)- neurokinin A (4-10), beta-Ala(8)-: selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor	1.98	1	0
naadp nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.	7.53	2	0	nicotinic acid dinucleotide	calcium channel agonist; metabolite; signalling molecule
pd 145065 PD 145065: a non-selective endothelin(A)/endothelin(B) antagonist	2	1	0
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
b 4162 B 4162: bradykinin inhibitor	1.98	1	0
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid: structure in first source. 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic acid : A furoic acid that is furan-3-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a propyl group at position 5 and a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 2. It is a potent uremic toxin that has been found to accumulate in human serum of patients with chronic kidney diseases.	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; furoic acid	human metabolite; uremic toxin
zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function	1.99	1	0
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.69	3	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
substance p (5-11), pglu(5)-mephe(8)-megly(9)- [no description available]	1.98	1	0
5,5'-dihydroxylysylnorleucine [no description available]	2.9	4	0
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	3.23	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
5-((glucopyranosyloxy)methyl)uracil 5-((glucopyranosyloxy)methyl)uracil: a base found in the DNA of Trypanosoma brucei	2.06	1	0
nitrosylprotoheme nitrosylprotoheme: from reaction of nitrite & heme; structure in first source	2.41	2	0
4-azido-7-phenylpyrazolo-(1,5a)-1,3,5-triazine 4-azido-7-phenylpyrazolo-(1,5a)-1,3,5-triazine: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
n(g)-aminoarginine N(G)-aminoarginine: potent antagonist of L-arginine-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation	5.73	20	1	arginine derivative
3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carbaldehyde 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carbaldehyde: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93	2.03	1	0
tan 1057b TAN 1057B: from Flexibacter sp. PK 74 & PK 176; has methicillin resistance to Staphylococcus aureus; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
2-methylarginine 2-methylarginine: amino acid with antibiotic properties produced by Streptomyces X-11837; RN given refers to (L-Arg)-isomer	4.33	6	0
gyki 14166 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
n(delta)-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-ornithine [no description available]	2.91	4	0
desvenlafaxine O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.	3.23	1	0	cyclohexanols; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	5.47	20	0
1,3-bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane bis-tris propane : A water-soluble buffer substance used for the preparation of the biochemical and biological buffer solutions; pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.	1.98	1	0	hexol	buffer
benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanylarginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanylarginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide: substrate for measurement of human prekallikrein	1.95	1	0
s-propylcysteine S-propylcysteine: RN given refers to (DL-Cys)-isomer	2.04	1	0	cysteine derivative; organic sulfide
4-azidophenylglyoxal 4-azidophenylglyoxal: structure given in first source	3.08	5	0
neuramin lactitol [no description available]	1.96	1	0
rb 6145 RB 6145: structure given in first source; prodrug to RSU 1069; PD 144872 is the R-enantiomer of RB 6145	1.98	1	0
n(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)hydroxylysine N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)hydroxylysine: structure given in first source	3.83	4	0
hernandulcin hernandulcin: sesquiterpene 1000 times sweeter than sucrose from sweet plant Lippia dulcis Trev.; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
5'-deoxy-5'-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaadenosine 5'-deoxy-5'-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaadenosine: analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure	1.96	1	0
glycyl-glycyl-tyrosyl-arginine glycyl-glycyl-tyrosyl-arginine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.05	1	0
glicentin Glicentin: A 69-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal of PROGLUCAGON. It is mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. Further processing of glicentin yield a 30-amino acid N-terminal peptide (glicentin-related polypeptide) and a 37-amino acid peptide OXYNTOMODULIN. Both glicentin and oxyntomodulin can reduce digestive secretions and delay gastric emptying.	4.09	3	1
n(alpha)-tosyl-(3-amidinophenyl)alanine piperidide N(alpha)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)-3-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine: binds to thrombin & trypsin; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
s 2366 S 2366: chromogenic substrate for Factor XI in plasma	2.52	2	0
pre 084 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	morpholines
2-fluoromethylornithine 2-fluoromethylornithine: an ornithine decarboxylase antagonist	2.37	2	0
mannopinic acid mannopinic acid: mannityl opine analog; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.9	4	0
methotrexate [no description available]	6.08	38	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
reboxetine Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
n-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone N-(beta-oxooctan-1-oyl)homoserine lactone: involved in conjugation and tra gene regulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens; structure in first source	2	1	0
agrocinopine agrocinopine: opine phosphorylated sugar synthesized by crown gall tumors & utilized as nutrient source by bacteria responsible for infection. agrocinopine : A subclass of opines, which are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumours or hairy root tumours produced by parasitic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium. Agrocinopines are set of sugar phosphodiester opines known to induce transfer of another Ti plasmid, pTiBo542.. agrocinopine A : A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of sucrose and L-arabinose units joined via a phosphodiester linkage between position 4(F) of sucrose and position 2 of arabinose.	3.25	6	0
guanidinopropylsuccinic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0
n-nitrosoarginine N-nitrosoarginine: may play role in nitric oxide synthesis	3.95	13	0
beta-methylene thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide beta-methylene thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide: a phosphodiesterase-resistant analog of TAD; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
sr 2640 SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist	2.03	1	0	quinolines
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.44	2	0
n(g)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide N(G)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide: anti-nociceptive agent in the mouse	3.95	13	0
lysyllysine lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
2-iminobiotin 2-iminobiotin: RN given refers to parent cpd(3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.07	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
bwa 137c [no description available]	1.98	1	0
ici 204448 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
s-nitrosocaptopril S-nitrosocaptopril: manifests nitrovasodilatory activity, inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme activity & inhibits platelet aggregation	1.99	1	0
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin 4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin: isol from Rollina papilionella; structure given in first source	2	1	0
2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1h-imidazole 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole: fluorescent chromophore from reaction of polypeptides with glucose; structure given in first source	3.09	1	0
1'-methylascorbigen 1'-methylascorbigen: structure given in first source	7.42	2	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	penicillanic acids
esterbut-3 esterbut-3: stabilizes butyric acid as a potent inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation in vivo; RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 7/91	2.38	2	0
4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylglyoxal [no description available]	3.22	6	0
kifunensine kifunensine: inhibitor of the glycoprotein processing mannosidase I; from actinomycete Kitasatosporia kifunense 9482; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6beta,7alpha,8alpha,8aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/90	2.04	1	0
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	5.63	5	1	biphenyls
ym 529 YM 529: inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
substance p (6-11), arg(6)-trp(7,9)-me-phe(8)- substance P (6-11), Arg(6)-Trp(7,9)-Me-Phe(8)-: substance P antagonist	2.4	2	0
3-pyridylalanine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	3.23	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
n-(3-nitratopivaloyl)cysteine ethyl ester N-(3-nitratopivaloyl)cysteine ethyl ester: releases nitric oxide	1.98	1	0
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine: amino acid sequence given in first source; corresponds to an active site on laminin	2.21	1	0
umifenovir umifenovir: an antiviral agent	3.7	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
s 11568 S 11568: S 12968 refers to the (-)-isomer; S 12967 refers to the (+)-isomer	1.97	1	0
fosamprenavir fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	prodrug
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride 4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
ly 274614 LY 235959: RN refers to (3S-(3alpha,4aalpha,6beta,8aalpha))-isomer	3.26	6	0
ksg 504 KSG 504: has superior selectivity and affinity to CCK-A receptors; derived from proglumide	1.99	1	0
way 123398 WAY 123398: structure given in first source	2	1	0
t 593 T 593: structure given in first source	2	1	0
a 81988 A 81988: angiotensin II antagonist selective for type 1 receptors	1.98	1	0
omega-n-hydroxymethylarginine [no description available]	3.08	5	0
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis	2.03	1	0	phenylindole
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine ethane sulfonate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
n',n''-diacetylspermine N',N''-diacetylspermine: intermediate in polyamine catabolism	2.13	1	0	acetamides
forasartan forasartan: structure given in first source; an angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist; angiotensin II receptor antagonist; used in treatment of congestive heart failure. forasartan : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension.	1.99	1	0	benzenes; pyridines; tetrazoles; triazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
thrombin receptor peptide sfllrnp thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNP: a synthetic peptide that induces early events of T cell activation and synergizes with TCR cross-linking for CD69 expression & interleukin-2 production; thrombin receptor agonist; do not confuse with TRAP peptide	2.11	1	0
fk 633 ((4-(4-amidinophenoxy)butanoyl)aspartyl)valine: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	22.64	1,949	52	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
ivabradine Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.	3.13	1	0	aromatic ether; benzazepine; carbobicyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiotonic drug
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
rupatadine rupatadine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to trihydrochloride	7.41	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine
ml-3000 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
n(4)-octadecyl-1-arabinofuranosylcytosine [no description available]	2.17	1	0
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure	2.67	3	0
n(alpha)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)-4-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine N(alpha)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)-4-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine: binds to thrombin & trypsin; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	piperidines
pyrrolomycin c pyrrolomycin C: from Streptomyces strain SF-2080; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
leucinal leucinal: RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.02	1	0
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	5.9	3	2	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems [no description available]	6.48	7	1
nisoxetine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate [no description available]	2.36	2	0
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.	2.13	1	0
triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.	3.12	1	0	tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone	human metabolite
aspartame [no description available]	2.37	2	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
diphloretin phosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	11.43	22	0	D-xylose
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tilarginine acetate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant	7.89	4	0	L-glutamic acid derivative
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cd 437 CD 437: selective for retinoic acid receptors gamma. CD437 : A naphthoic acid that is 6-phenylnaphthylene-2-carboxyic acid in which the phenyl substituent has been substituted at positions 3 and 4 by adamant-1-yl and hydroxy groups, respectively. It acts as a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)gamma and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells.	2.01	1	0	adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid; phenols	apoptosis inducer; retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist
1,2-bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)ethane 1,2-bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)ethane: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	5.9	7	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
n-nitrosoallyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine N-nitrosoallyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
phenyldiazene phenyldiazene: structure	1.99	1	0
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	19.22	1,107	10	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	3.41	7	0
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	3.23	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination: female oral combined contraceptive containing 30 mcg (0.030 mg) Ethinyl Estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Androstenes)	3.44	1	1
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.86	6	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	3.59	2	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
tariquidar [no description available]	2.11	1	0	benzamides
nsc-141549 [no description available]	2.74	3	0
peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.	3.28	6	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	4.24	5	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	11.5	7	2	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	3.23	1	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
allophanic acid urea-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.37	2	0	ureas
benzoyl l-arginine methyl ester benzoyl L-arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Arg)-isomer	4.01	14	0
gamma-glutamylglutamine gamma-glutamylglutamine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. gamma-Glu-Gln : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of glutamine	2.17	1	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
alanine-4-nitroanilide alanine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for aminopeptidase M	2.4	2	0
1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methylpiperidine 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methylpiperidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation 7/29/83	1.96	1	0
prolylarginine prolylarginine: fragment of tuftsin peptide with analgesic action; RN given refers to all L-isomer. Pro-Arg : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-arginine residues.	2.52	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
galactonolactone galactonolactone: used in detecting a galactosemic fetus; presumed inhibitor of one of the alternate pathways for galactose utilization; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
n-palmitoylglycine N-hexadecanoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).	2.04	1	0	fatty amide; N-acylglycine 16:0	human metabolite; marine metabolite
3-deoxyglucose [no description available]	2.72	3	0
n-benzoyltyrosine N-benzoyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acyl-L-tyrosine that is L-tyrosine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.	2.15	1	0	benzamides; N-acyl-L-tyrosine
4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
quebrachitol quebrachitol: RN given refers to (D-chiro)-isomer	2.04	1	0	cyclohexanols
aspartylglycine Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
cox 189 lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.	3.59	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	8.73	2	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
diaminoguanidine diaminoguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.69	3	0
4-nitrophenylglyoxal [no description available]	2.37	2	0
argininehydroxamic acid argininehydroxamic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-arginine hydroxamate : An arginine derivative obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with the amino group of hydroxylamine.	3.26	6	0	guanidines; hydroxamic acid; L-arginine derivative
evodiamine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	beta-carbolines
glycine tert-butyl ester tert-butyl glycinate: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
benzoyl phosphate benzoyl phosphate: synthetic substrate for acyl phosphatase assay	1.98	1	0	acyl monophosphate
arginine beta-naphthylamide arginine beta-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-arginine 2-naphthylamide : An L-arginine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	4.45	22	0	amino acid amide; L-arginine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
n(w)-nitroarginine benzyl ester N(w)-nitroarginine benzyl ester: potent irreversible inhibitor of endothelium dependent relaxation	3.86	12	0
4-amidinophenylpyroracemic acid amidinophenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0
4-methylphenylalanine 4-methylphenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.55	2	0
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose [no description available]	2.03	1	0
arginylarginine Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues.	3.09	5	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dirhodium tetraacetate dirhodium tetraacetate: structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
prolyl-tyrosine prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
beta-aspartyl phosphate 4-phospho-L-aspartic acid : The 4-phospho derivative of L-aspartic acid.. 4-phospho-L-aspartate : An L-alpha-amino acid anion arsing from deprotonation of the carboxy and phosphate OH groups of 4-phospho-L-aspartic acid.	2.02	1	0	aminoacyl phosphate; L-aspartic acid derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-PHe)-isomer. Phe-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-phenylalanine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.15	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
leucylarginine leucylarginine: blocks antinociception induced by L-arginine. Leu-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-arginine joined by peptide linkages.	2.9	4	0	dipeptide	metabolite
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
thiobenzyl benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysinate thiobenzyl benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysinate: substrate for trypsin-like enzymes; RN given refers to (S)-isomer. thiobenzyl benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysinate : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which the amino group is replaced by a [(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino group and the carboxy group is replaced by a (benzylsulfanyl)carbonyl group. It is a substrate for a sensitive colorimetric assay for trypsin-like enzymes.	1.99	1	0	benzyl ester; carbamate ester; L-lysine derivative; primary amino compound; thiocarboxylic ester
pralnacasan pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source	3.23	1	0
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	3.55	2	0	dihydropyridine
ruboxistaurin ruboxistaurin: inhibits protein kinase C beta; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
solifenacin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.	3.23	1	0	methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate	adrenergic agent
bazedoxifene [no description available]	2.11	1	0	phenylindole
idazoxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	2.36	2	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
isoguvacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cyanopindolol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	indoles
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	6.48	13	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	5.81	6	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	7.78	31	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
naphthalenediimide naphthalenediimide: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
lubiprostone [no description available]	3.23	1	0
satavaptan satavaptan: a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	4.13	3	1	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
edotreotide Edotreotide: DOTA - 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetracetic acid; structure given in first source; may be labelled with various radioisotopes	4.37	2	2
nps-568 N-(2-chlorophenylpropyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine: NPS-568 is the ((R), HCl salt)-isomer; calcimimetic compound and calcium-sensing receptor agonist	2.01	1	0
telbivudine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.	2.01	1	0	adenosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
yttria yttria: molecular formula Y2-O3	2.6	1	0
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	2.03	1	0	pyrrolidines
glutathione sulfonate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	L-cysteine derivative; S-substituted glutathione; tripeptide
methyl-3-tyrosine methyl-3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-methyl-L-tyrosine : A tyrosine derivative that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the phenyl ring is replaced by a methyl group.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
hirudonine hirudonine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.93	1	0
4-guanidinobenzoate 4-guanidinobenzoate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobenzoic acid : Benzoic acid substituted at the para position by a guanidino group.	2.42	2	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	5.3	2	1	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
lombricine L-lombricine : The L-enantiomer of lombricine.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; lombricine
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	5	2	1	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
azaphen azaphen: antidepressant with a tricyclic structure may affect the autonomic nervous system; minor descriptor (77-85); on-line & Index Medicus search OXAZINES (77-85); RN given refers to (di-HCl); don't confuse with AZOPHEN, a brand name for ANTIPYRINE	1.97	1	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.73	3	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	4.78	10	0	carbodiimide
Serotonin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	tryptamines
argininic acid [no description available]	10.97	14	2	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
n-phthaloylglutamic acid N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group.	2.03	1	0	L-glutamic acid derivative; phthalimides
delta-guanidinovaleric acid delta-guanidinovaleric acid: isolated from human urine	2.39	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
abrine abrine: from seeds of Abrus precatorius; structure in first source. N(alpha)-methyl-L-tryptophan : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-methyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2	1	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
saccharopine L-saccharopine : The N(6)-(1,3-dicarboxypropan-1-yl) derivative of L-lysine.	2.41	2	0	amino acid opine; L-lysine derivative	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allysine L-allysine : An optically active form of allysine having L-configuration.	3.92	3	0	allysine; amino acid zwitterion; aminoadipate semialdehyde; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
saicar SAICAR: adenosylsuccinase catalyzes its conversion to AICAR. SAICAR : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condesation of the darboxy group of 5-amino-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of L-aspartic acid.	2.01	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-heptanoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-heptanoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.98	1	0
dimethylsulfonioacetate dimethylthetin: synthetic analog of glycine betaine; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	sulfonium betaine
n-epsilon phospholysine N-epsilon phospholysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer	2.65	3	0
s-adenosyl-2-methylmethionine S-adenosyl-2-methylmethionine: inhibitor of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase	2.1	1	0
nicotinate ribonucleoside D-ribosylnicotinate : Conjugate base of D-ribosylnicotinic acid.	2.31	1	0	ammonium betaine	human metabolite
penicillamine cysteine disulfide penicillamine cysteine disulfide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6881	1.94	1	0
leonurine leonurine: has neuroprotective activity; isolated from leaves of Leonurus artemisia; has uterotonic effect; structure	2.5	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
xanthenone-4-acetic acid xanthenone-4-acetic acid: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8	2.45	2	0	C-nitro compound
n(5)-hydroxy-l-arginine N(5)-hydroxy-L-arginine: structure	3.93	13	0	hydroxy-L-arginine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
citrulline malate citrulline malate: an anti-fatigue cpd	9.09	7	4
ic 831423 IC 831423: MW 1714 daltons; synthetic pentasaccharide representing minimum binding sequence of heparin to antithrombin III	2.69	3	0
tracheal cytotoxin, bordetella pertussis tracheal cytotoxin, Bordetella pertussis: RN & structure given in first source; a disaccharide-tetrapeptide derivative of the cell wall peptidoglycan layer; attaches to ciliated epithelial cells resulting in their destruction	1.98	1	0	N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminyl glycopeptide
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)- substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist	1.98	1	0
conotoxin si conotoxin SI: from Conus striatus; blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; amino acid sequence given in first source	1.99	1	0
bactenecin bactenecin: from bovine neutrophils	3.12	5	0
n-palmitoyl-5,6-dipalmitoylcysteinyl-alanyl-glycine N-palmitoyl-5,6-dipalmitoylcysteinyl-alanyl-glycine: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
n-cyclohexyl-n'-2-morpholinoethyl-carbodiimide-methyl-4-toluolsulfonate N-cyclohexyl-N'-2-morpholinoethyl-carbodiimide-methyl-4-toluolsulfonate: used to cross-link proteins	2.38	2	0
u 78518f U 78518F: a member of the lazaroid family of 21-amino steroid derivatives; RN given is for HCl	1.99	1	0
felinine felinine: a sulfur-containing amino acid; a major component in the urine of domestic cat. felinine : A cysteine thioether that is the S-(4-hydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl) derivative of L-cysteine. It is a major component of the urine of the domestic cat.	2.04	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion	mammalian metabolite; pheromone
serine o-sulfate serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.	2.38	2	0	L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-sulfoamino acid
epsilon-n-methyllysine epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5-deoxypyridoxal 5-deoxypyridoxal: structure	1.97	1	0
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	3.24	6	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
4-guanidinophenylalanine [no description available]	2.38	2	0
arginine glutamate [no description available]	8.37	7	0	glutamic acid derivative
histidinol L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer).	1.98	1	0	amino alcohol; imidazoles	EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteinesulfenic acid cysteinesulfenic acid: a protein-sulfenic acid with diverse roles in enzyme catalysis, redox regulation and signal transduction. S-oxy-L-cysteine : A cysteine derivative consiting of L-cysteine carrying an S-oxy-substituent.. S-hydroxy-L-cysteine : A cysteine derivative consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-hydroxy-substituent.	2.01	1	0	L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
n1'-carboxybiotin N1'-carboxybiotin: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to (3aS-(3a alpha,4 beta,6a alpha))-isomer	2	1	0
scymnol scymnol: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 24-hydroxy steroid; 26-hydroxy steroid; 27-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	9.38	6	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
4-nitrocatechol sulfate 4-nitrocatechol sulfate: RN given refers to 2-sulfate moiety locant. 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.	2.01	1	0	4-nitrophenols; aryl sulfate	chromogenic compound
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	3.23	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	1.98	1	0
rhenanite rhenanite: a ceramic used in the preparation of bioactive glass composites	4.8	2	1
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.36	2	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.46	2	0	phosphorothioic acid
udp-glucosamine UDP-glucosamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer. UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine : A UDP-amino sugar having alpha-D-glucosamine as the amino-sugar component.	2.17	1	0	UDP-amino sugar
n-n-propylnorapomorphine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
iron(iii)-deuteroporphyrin [no description available]	2	1	0
n(g)-monoethylarginine [no description available]	4.18	5	0
urapidil monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine [no description available]	1.95	1	0
iron (3+) oxalate Sensodyne: a commercial dentifrice; contains 5% potassium nitrate, 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base	6.22	6	2
adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	19.21	403	27	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	2.37	2	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
azepexole, dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	3.23	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
4-(oxoacetyl)phenoxyacetic acid [no description available]	2.66	3	0
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	3.23	1	0
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	7.17	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	metabolite
alpha-hydrazinoornithine alpha-hydrazinoornithine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
argipressin, val(4)- argipressin, Val(4)-: RN given refers to (L-Val-D-Arg)-isomer	1.98	1	0
prolyl-lysyl-glycinamide prolyl-lysyl-glycinamide: protective against puromycin-induced amnesia in mice; RN given refers to (L-Pro-L-Lys)-isomer	1.95	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	6.2	44	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
temocillin temocillin: beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; structure in first source. temocillin : A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.	2.25	1	0	penicillin
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	12.42	247	4	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
abt 980 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fiduxosin fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	4.45	1	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
n(2)-dansyl-l-arginine-4-t-butylpiperidine amide N(2)-dansyl-L-arginine-4-t-butylpiperidine amide: intereacts with Ca(2+)-regulated modulator protein; inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (myosin light chain kinase) and Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase of chicken gizzard actomyosin	3.46	8	0
agropinic acid agropinic acid: mannityl opine analog; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.9	4	0
delta-n-methylarginine N(5)-methyl-L-arginine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-arginine substituted by a methyl group at N(5)-position.	8.38	7	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
gr 144053 GR 144053: structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	piperazines
gabaculine gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.	8.6	9	0	5-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
thiamine thiothiazolone pyrophosphate thiamine thiothiazolone pyrophosphate: thiamin pyrophosphate with its thiazole ring altered to thiothiazolone	2	1	0
eosine-5-isothiocyanate eosine-5-isothiocyanate: ''triplet'' probe for measuring slow rotational diffusion of macromolecules	1.96	1	0	isothiocyanate; organobromine compound
sk&f 75670 SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393	2.03	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	10.35	171	3
esatenolol esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.	2.03	1	0	atenolol	beta-adrenergic antagonist
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	7.95	4	0
migalastat migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis	2.02	1	0	piperidines
sb 203580 [no description available]	3.53	8	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nbi 27914 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles; maleimides
erlotinib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.	2.44	2	0	homocysteic acid	NMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	6.22	17	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169 Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
agelastatin a agelastatin A: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
antalarmin antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).	2.1	1	0	pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist
thaxtomine a thaxtomine A: a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies; RN given for (3R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
(R)-atenolol (R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.	2.03	1	0	atenolol
memantine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
aceglutamide N-acetyl-L-glutamine : An N(2)-acetylglutamine that has L-configuration.	2.21	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N(2)-acetylglutamine; N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine	human metabolite
riparin iii riparin III: isolated from unripe Aniba riparia	2.05	1	0
l 158809 L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist	2.68	3	0
melagatran [no description available]	6	11	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.05	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.51	2	0
pefabloc [no description available]	2.03	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	3.16	5	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
5,10-dihydro-5-methylphenazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
n(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester N(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester: an antimicrobial surfactant; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	7.36	51	0
n(alpha)-benzoylarginineamide N(alpha)-benzoylarginineamide: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	3.67	10	0
8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile 8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile: structure given in first source	2.67	3	0
phosphoglycocyamine phosphoguanidinoacetic acid : A guanidinoacetate having a phospho group attached to the primary amino part of the guanidine moiety.	1.95	1	0	guanidinoacetic acids; phosphoramide
pongidae [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginal tert-butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginal: inhibits thrombin induced platelet aggregation; also a serine protease inhibitor	1.98	1	0
n(alpha)-carbobenzoxylysine-4-nitroanilide N(alpha)-carbobenzoxylysine-4-nitroanilide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; from Vol 91, CA Chem Form Index	1.96	1	0
deflazacort deflazacort: structure	7.71	3	0	corticosteroid hormone
methyl-1alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oate methyl-1alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oate: structure; RN given refers to (1alpha,7alpha)-isomer	1.93	1	0
dithiobis(n-ethylmaleimide) dithiobis(N-ethylmaleimide): structure	2.02	1	0
urechistachykinin i urechistachykinin I: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the echiuroid worm Urechis unicinctus	2	1	0
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	1.96	1	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
n(delta)-acetylornithine N(delta)-acetylornithine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N(5)-acetyl-L-ornithine : An N(5)-acyl-L-ornithine in which the the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.68	3	0	acetyl-L-ornithine; N(5)-acetylornithine; N(5)-acyl-L-ornithine
1,4-phenyldiglyoxal 1,4-phenyldiglyoxal: structure	2.4	2	0
4-carboxyphenylglyoxal [no description available]	1.96	1	0
valienamine valienamine: intermediate formed by microbial degradation of validamycins; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
harderoporphyrinogen harderoporphyrinogen: structure	2.03	1	0	porphyrins
1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide: inhibits phosphate transport in human erythrocytes	1.99	1	0
etravirine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
succinylproline [no description available]	2.47	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
n(2)-(gamma-d-glutamyl)-meso-2,2'-diaminopimelic acid N(2)-(gamma-D-glutamyl)-meso-2,2'-diaminopimelic acid: intermediate in synthesis of FK-156 which is an immunostimulant; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.31	1	0
proclavaminic acid proclavaminic acid: structure given in first source	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; azetidines; monocarboxylic acid
arginine-4-nitroanilide arginine-4-nitroanilide: bound to agarose for use as immobilized substrate for trypsin	8.24	6	0
cucurbit(6)uril cucurbit(6)uril: a macrocyclic cavitand comprising six GLYCOLURIL units; can be used for creating ROTAXANES. cucurbituril : A macrocycle consisting of repeating 2,5-dioxodihydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-1,3,4,6-tetrayl (glycoluril) units linked by methylene groups. The number of glycoluril units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in cucurbit[n]uril name.	2.08	1	0
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure.	2	1	0
arginine 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide [no description available]	3.08	5	0
6-(n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione 6-(N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: forms a conjugate with progesterone; conjugate used for immunoassay of plasma progesterone	2.04	1	0	phthalazines
somatostatin, octapeptide-trp(8)- [no description available]	2.39	2	0
4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid 4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid.	2	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline
arginine chloromethyl ketone [no description available]	6.95	1	0
chlorite [no description available]	3.11	3	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
sb 205384 SB 205384: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	thienopyridine
hydrastine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines	metabolite
gabaculine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
etiron monohydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	3.12	5	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	8.97	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	3.23	1	0	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	3.59	2	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bmy 7378 [no description available]	2.46	2	0
pinoxaden pinoxaden: structure in first source. pinoxaden : A pyrazolooxadiazepine that is 7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin which is substituted at positions 8 and 9 by 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl and pivaloyloxy groups, respectively. A pro-herbicide (by hydrolysis of the pivalate ester to give the corresponding enol), it is used for control of grass weeds in cereal crops.	2.07	1	0	pivalate ester; pyrazolooxadiazepine	agrochemical; EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; proherbicide; xenobiotic
vesamicol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
butyrylcarnitine butyrylcarnitine: structure in first source. O-butanoyl-L-carnitine : An optically active form of O-butanoylcarnitine having L-configuration.. O-butanoylcarnitine : A C4-acylcarnitine that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.	2.31	1	0	O-butanoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	metabolite
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	3.59	2	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
dabigatran Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.	10.64	38	2	aromatic amide; benzimidazoles; beta-alanine derivative; carboxamidine; pyridines	anticoagulant; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.59	2	0	benzodioxoles
tolvaptan [no description available]	3.63	2	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	4.81	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
alagebrium alagebrium: an advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) cross-link breaker	2.45	2	0
lenalidomide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
regadenoson [no description available]	3.23	1	0	purine nucleoside
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
s-benzylcysteine [no description available]	7.35	2	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.7	3	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
erythritol [no description available]	2.37	2	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	3.8	11	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.43	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	5.53	17	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
cholesterol alpha-oxide cholesterol alpha-oxide: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,6alpha)-isomer; structure	1.99	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; epoxy steroid; oxysterol
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	14	70	3	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	8.16	4	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
vincaleukoblastine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite
16-ketoestrone 16-ketoestrone: structure	1.96	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid
lanosterol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin	2.1	1	0
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.71	3	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	6.16	9	1
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	2.1	1	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	3.59	2	0	1-benzofurans
penicillamine disulfide penicillamine disulfide: penicillamine metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	1.94	1	0	valine derivative
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0
calendula Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.	7.13	1	0
nsc 95397 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
fusicoccin fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure	2.25	1	0
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
3-deoxy-glycero-pentos-2-ulose 3-deoxy-glycero-pentos-2-ulose: derived form poly(ADP-ribosyl)histones	1.98	1	0
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	3.52	2	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
allylpyrocatechol allylpyrocatechol: extracted from leaves of Piper betel; has healing properties against indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
acivicin [no description available]	4.02	4	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
azaleucine 4-azaleucine : An alanine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a dimethylamino group.	1.98	1	0	alanine derivative; leucine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tertiary amino compound
wortmannin [no description available]	3.83	11	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	7.08	1	0	gamma-lactam; indolinone
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	2.9	4	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
arphamenine b arphamenine B: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source	1.96	1	0
annonacin annonacin: linear polyketide isolated from extracts of the stembark of Annona densicoma; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib [no description available]	4.09	4	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
rosiglitazone 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin: possess strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities; structure in first source. 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin : A coumarin substituted by a methyl group at position 4 and by acetyloxy groups at positions 7 and 8. It exhibits strong antioxidant and radical scavenging properties.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; coumarins; diester	pro-angiogenic agent; radical scavenger
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	4.08	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
acetogenins Acetogenins: Polyketides of up to a few dozen carbons in length, formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and oxygenated to form tetrahydrofuran and lactone rings along the length of the chain. They are found in ANNONACEAE and other PLANTS. Related compounds cyclize to MACROLIDES.	2.17	1	0
bardoxolone methyl methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	cyclohexenones
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	5.46	15	1
lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)	1.94	1	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.43	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
permanganate [no description available]	2.44	2	0	manganese oxoacid
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	4.39	21	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.47	2	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	9.2	17	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
leptomycin b [no description available]	2.94	4	0
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.	6.67	16	1	adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide	cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.	8.17	5	0	thioadenosine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	9.53	60	2
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	2.02	1	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.	2.02	1	0	xylulose 5-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	1.95	1	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	12.21	18	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	4.24	17	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.4	2	0	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	5.66	79	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	15.1	352	9	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	8.8	207	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	2.4	2	0
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	11.26	48	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
glucosamine 6-phosphate glucosamine 6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
elastin [no description available]	6.18	17	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	6.86	18	4	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.37	2	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
ribose 1-phosphate ribose 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate : The 1-phospho derivative of alpha-D-ribose.	2.02	1	0	D-ribose 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	4.91	14	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.8	3	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
pantoic acid pantoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.95	1	0	pantoic acid
n-acetyllactosamine N-acetyllactosamine: RN given refers to D-isomer. N-acetyllactosamine : A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.	2.02	1	0	beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.	2.03	1	0	5-hydroxytryptophan; amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-L-tryptophan; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	8.23	6	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	10.02	129	2	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
d-tagatose D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.	2.6	1	0	D-tagatose
streptidine streptidine: component of streptomycin molecule; RN given refers to parent cpd. streptidine : An amino cyclitol that is scyllo-inositol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 are replaced by guanidino groups.	1.94	1	0
dithioerythritol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.	6.5	6	2	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine	geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
s-adenosyl-3-methylthiopropylamine S-adenosyl-3-methylthiopropylamine: decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine	2.39	2	0	adenosines; sulfonium compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; rat metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	9.25	18	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
arginine ethyl ester [no description available]	3.99	13	0	L-arginine ester
cysteinylglycine cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.	3.84	2	1	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	5.97	43	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
salicin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
allose [no description available]	7.52	2	0	allopyranose; D-allose	antioxidant
amastatin amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence	2.42	2	0	tetrapeptide	EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor
casein hydrolysate casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein	2.11	1	0
D-leucine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-alpha-amino acid; leucine	bacterial metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	11.72	78	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
isomaltulose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.	2.05	1	0	glycosylfructose	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	3.36	7	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	8.11	5	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
alpha-aminobutyric acid alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.	2.69	3	0	alpha-aminobutyric acid; D-alpha-amino acid
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	3.23	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	2.69	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-formylmethionine N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.	2.36	2	0	L-methionine derivative; N-formyl amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	metabolite
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.49	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
n'-formylkynurenine N'-formylkynurenine: a photochemical breakdown product of tryptophan in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.47	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; N-formylkynurenine; non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanopine alanopine: imino acid produced by a dehydrogenase found in the adductor muscle of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2,2'-iminodipropanoic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is 2,2'-iminodiacetic acid substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 2'.	1.96	1	0	amino acid opine; amino dicarboxylic acid
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	14.46	1,626	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
mannosamine mannosamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. D-mannosamine : The D-enantiomer of mannosamine.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose : A D-mannosamine in cyclic pyranose form.	1.96	1	0	D-mannosamine
willardiine willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
trimethyllysine trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	10.71	7	1	alpha-amino-acid cation	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	3.25	6	0
1,2,6-tri-o-galloyl-beta-d-glucopyranose 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose: from Terminalia chebula fruits, effective against multidrug-resistant uropathogens; structure in first source. 1,2,6-tris-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having the galloyl groups in the 1-, 2- and 6-positions.	2.1	1	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	2.7	3	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	7.46	2	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	3.35	7	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
(+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	limonene	plant metabolite
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	2.25	1	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	3.54	8	0	cellotriose
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	3.24	6	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	4.61	8	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	3.88	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	4.36	6	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	3.24	6	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	3.86	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.38	2	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	3.59	2	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	1.99	1	0	benzazocine
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	3.52	2	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.99	4	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.05	1	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	piperidines
amiodarone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
dicyclomine hydrochloride dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.	3.57	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic tricyclic compound	geroprotector
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.75	3	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt	antibacterial drug; geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.74	3	0
linezolid [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
canaline canaline: structure	7.7	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	8.37	7	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
cucumopine cucumopine: an opine from Agrobacterium vitis; RN given refers to cucumopine (4S-trans)-isomer; mikimopine is (4R-cis)-isomer	2.47	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
indican [no description available]	5.08	9	1	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	3.38	7	0
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.39	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	6.95	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
picrotin picrotin: the less toxic component of PICROTOXIN lacking GABA activity. picrotin : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.	2.07	1	0	diol; epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
naringin [no description available]	2.5	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	7.17	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
sedamine sedamine: piperidine alkaloid; structure in first source	3.12	1	0	citraconoyl group
Dubinidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	4.95	2	1
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	2.64	3	0
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2.42	2	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5)	2.03	1	0	peptide
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source	2	1	0	tetritol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	4.88	35	0	cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	4.43	22	0	tripeptide
hydroxylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide: a drug efflux pump inhibitor; structure in first source	2.57	2	0	peptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	3.12	5	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	2.36	2	0	peptide
candoxatrilat candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	1.98	1	0
chloramphenicol palmitate chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R,R))-isomer)	2.46	2	0	hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate [no description available]	8.62	2	0
sb 228357 SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor	2.03	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.68	3	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; resorcinols
yersiniabactin yersiniabactin: from clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica; an iron-chelating virulence factor of Yersinia pestis; yersiniabactin is a thiazole phenol analog of pyochelin; biosynthesized from salicylate, cysteine and malonyl CoA. yersiniabactin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols; secondary alcohol; thiazolidines	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure	2.03	1	0
ro 09-1437 cyclothialidine: a DNA gyrase inhibitor; isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis; MF C26-H35-N5-O12-S; structure in first source	2	1	0	peptide
calcium pantothenate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	polymer
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.65	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
temocapril hydrochloride temocapril hydrochloride: structure given in first source	2.72	3	0	dipeptide
tolterodine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2.38	2	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.75	3	0	anthracycline
medigoxin Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).	2.05	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	7.5	2	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	7.41	1	0	penicillanic acid ester
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	3.23	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.03	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	4.65	25	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	8.28	6	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
argininal [no description available]	3.07	5	0
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	4.73	30	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.94	4	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	5.85	30	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
aurovertin b [no description available]	1.99	1	0
carboxymethyl-coenzyme a carboxymethyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source. carboxymethyl-CoA : An S-alkyl-CoA having carboxymethyl as the S-alkyl component.	1.99	1	0	S-alkyl-CoA	Brassica napus metabolite; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	9.3	82	1	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.46	2	0	cyclodextrin
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	8.08	5	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	3.5	8	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2	1	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	3.38	7	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.	7.02	1	0	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	8.15	27	3	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
methionine sulfone methionine sulfone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation. methionine sulfone : A methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.. L-methionine sulfone : An L-methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.	1.96	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine derivative; methionine sulfone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	animal metabolite
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	13.89	32	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	5.31	15	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
palmitoleic acid hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.17	1	0	hexadec-9-enoic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	9.49	23	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	6.08	22	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	2.39	2	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.51	2	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	9.76	9	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.75	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	3.59	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	12.35	23	2	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	10.45	22	6	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist. (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist.	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	4.25	18	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	4.65	8	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.	2.91	4	0	peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide	anxiogenic; human metabolite
glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid: structure given in first source; product of the enzymatic oxidation of cephalosporin C using D-amino-acid oxidase	2	1	0	cephalosporin
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	3.12	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	4.25	5	0
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	2.69	3	0
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	2.45	2	0
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.	2.03	1	0	carbotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent
lycopene [no description available]	6.02	4	1	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	3.59	2	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	4.28	5	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pd 173955 PD 173955: inhibits src family-selective tyrosine kinase; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; dichlorobenzene; methyl sulfide; pyridopyrimidine	tyrosine kinase inhibitor
s-hydroxymethylglutathione S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the mercapto hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.41	2	0	S-substituted glutathione	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenylosuccinate aspartyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.93	4	0
phenylalaninol phenylalaninol: inhibits intestinal absorption of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereochemistry. L-phenylalaninol : An amino alcohol resulting from the formal reduction of the carboxy group of L-phenylalanine to the corresponding alcohol.	1.93	1	0	amino alcohol; amphetamines; primary alcohol; primary amino compound
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid 2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.	2.05	1	0	geranylgeranyl diphosphate	mouse metabolite
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.96	4	0
2-butenal crotonaldehyde : An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.	2.45	2	0	enal
argininamide argininamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. L-arginine amide : An amino acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with ammonia.	6.4	52	0	amino acid amide; guanidines; L-arginine derivative
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide
obeticholic acid obeticholic acid: A farnesoid X receptor agonist and anticholestatic agent that is used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases; structure in first source.. obeticholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is chenodeoxycholic acid carrying an additional ethyl substituent at the 6alpha-position. A semi-synthetic bile acid which acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and is used for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.	7.17	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	farnesoid X receptor agonist; hepatoprotective agent
methioninyl adenylate methioninyl adenylate: RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.97	1	0
stigmatellin stigmatellin: isolated from myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca; structure in first source. stigmatellin A : A member of the class of chromones that is isolated from Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; chromones; olefinic compound; phenols	bacterial metabolite; quinol oxidation site inhibitor
n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-n'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	3.16	5	0	aromatic amide
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains	2.02	1	0	CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid	mouse metabolite
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	3.79	11	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
n(1)-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane N(1)-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane: inhibits deoxyhypusine synthase. 2-(7-aminoheptyl)guanidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which the imino hydrogen of guanidine itself has been replaced by a 7-aminoheptyl group. It is an inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase activity (GO:0034038).	2.05	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.5.1.46 (deoxyhypusine synthase) inhibitor
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	3.08	5	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	11.29	21	2	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
n-acetylmethionine N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	1.99	1	0	L-methionine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylmethionine	nutraceutical
octreotide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	2.13	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
eptifibatide [no description available]	4.94	6	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
zeatin Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)	2.4	2	0	zeatin	plant metabolite
hexanoyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.44	2	0	medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
argifin argifin: possible lead insecticide; isolated from Gliocladium; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.03	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	4.31	7	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
isoleucylvaline isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.07	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	4.63	6	1	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
n-succinimidyl-4-fluorobenzoate N-succinimidyl-4-fluorobenzoate: used to label proteins with F(18); structure in first source; RN refers to 18F-labeled isomer	2.07	1	0
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	1.98	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine [no description available]	3.87	3	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
colfosceril palmitate colfosceril palmitate: used in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema; component of Exosurf. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.	2.11	1	0	1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 32:0	mouse metabolite; surfactant
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer	1.98	1	0
teniposide [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
texas red Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source	2	1	0	organic heteroheptacyclic compound	fluorochrome
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	5.36	3	1
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.41	2	0	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;	2.03	1	0	purvalanol
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.08	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	7.53	104	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.79	3	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.44	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.41	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.68	3	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	4.21	5	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	4.6	26	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	3.45	7	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	7.24	6	1	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
krh 1636 KRH 1636: structure in first source	2.96	4	0
posaconazole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
streptothricins Streptothricins: A group of antibiotic aminoglycosides differing only in the number of repeating residues in the peptide side chain. They are produced by Streptomyces and Actinomyces and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties.. streptothricin : An N-glycosyl compound consisting of 2-amino-4-O-carbamoyl-2-deoxy-N-[(3aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-4-oxooctahydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-ylidene]-beta-D-gulopyranosylamine in which the amino group at position 2 of the gulopyranosyl moiety is acylated by a peptide unit made up of between 1 and 7 N(epsilon)-linked units of beta-lysine.	2.38	2	0
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	3.59	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.13	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	2.17	1	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	5.3	10	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
2-hydroxy-4h-isoquinoline-1,3-dione 2-hydroxy-4H-isoquinoline-1,3-dione: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
tyrosine o-sulfate O(4')-sulfo-L-tyrosine : An O-sulfoamino acid that is L-tyrosine in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.	2.57	2	0	aryl sulfate; L-tyrosine derivative; O-sulfoamino acid	human metabolite
Phe-Tyr Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
ammonium metavanadate [no description available]	2.25	1	0
sodium thiocyanate sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.42	2	0	organic sodium salt
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.39	2	0	potassium salt
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	2.68	3	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	5.12	14	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.	1.96	1	0	organic salt; potassium salt	antifungal agrochemical; buffer; food acidity regulator; raising agent
potassium periodate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
sodium chlorate sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.	2.42	2	0	chlorate salt; inorganic sodium salt	herbicide
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	3.28	6	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	6.84	25	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium cyanate sodium cyanate: used in treatment of sickle cell anemia; RN given refers to cyanic acid, Na salt	2	1	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	4.11	16	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
arsenic trioxide Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.	3.86	3	0	arsenic oxide	antineoplastic agent; insecticide
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	metallophthalocyanine; zinc tetrapyrrole	fluorochrome
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	3.24	6	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	1.97	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	5.67	26	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
11-mercaptoundecanoic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
idarubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	anthracycline
sr 90107 fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.	3.23	1	0
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.71	3	0	triterpenoid
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
meglumine iodipamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organoammonium salt	radioopaque medium
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	7.82	3	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
methyl cinnamate methyl cinnamate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methyl cinnamate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of methyl cinnamic acid with methanol. It is found naturally in the essential oils of Alpinia and Basil leaf oil, and widely used in the flavor and perfume industries.. methyl trans-cinnamate : The E (trans) isomer of methyl cinnamate.	2.1	1	0	methyl cinnamate	antibacterial agent; fungal metabolite; nematicide; plant metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.5	2	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	4.9	1	1	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	7.51	2	0	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
glycosides [no description available]	4.27	19	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.74	3	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	18.31	983	3	isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	5.1	14	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	8.63	28	3	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
thyrotropin-releasing hormone PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.	3.23	1	0	peptide hormone; tripeptide	human metabolite
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent	3.08	5	0
prolinol prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.	3.12	1	0
picibanil Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.	2.4	2	0	penicillinate anion
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.92	4	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.03	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
ricinoleic acid ricinoleic acid: RN given refers to (R-(Z))-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8005. ricinoleic acid : A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..	1.98	1	0	(9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	7.08	45	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
flavin mononucleotide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	flavin mononucleotide; vitamin B2	bacterial metabolite; coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.94	4	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	2.01	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	5.03	10	1	cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	10.46	106	1	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	8.32	37	3	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.97	4	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	3.15	5	0	benzamides
s 1033 [no description available]	3.64	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine	2.71	3	0	phosphocholines	detergent
amygdalin [no description available]	1.95	1	0
cefsulodin Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.	2	1	0	cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
trilostane trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.	2.44	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; epoxy steroid; nitrile	abortifacient; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	1.97	1	0
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2	1	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	1.98	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
tropisetron hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	1.98	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
benidipine benidipine: RN refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer	3.82	2	1
Reactive blue 2 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	anthraquinone
tram 34 TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	organochlorine compound
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene
quinidine sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	3.43	7	0	S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	4.68	3	2	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	4.99	12	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available]	2.03	1	0
methamilane methiodide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pilocarpine nitrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
r 59949 R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor	2.48	2	0	diarylmethane
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2.91	4	0
methylatropine nitrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.53	8	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	4.49	7	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	4.08	4	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidone
sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;	2.69	3	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.45	2	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	2.69	3	0
alpha-methyltryptophan, (l)-isomer [no description available]	2.21	1	0
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.07	1	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	2.04	1	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
(S)-(-)-pindolol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pindolol
levosulpiride (S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).	2.03	1	0	sulpiride	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
rhodotorulic acid rhodotorulic acid: RN given refers to (1S-cis)-isomer; structure. rhodotorulic acid : A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines obtained by cyclodimerisation of N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.	1.94	1	0	2,5-diketopiperazines; hydroxamic acid; L-ornithine derivative	fungal metabolite; siderophore
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	7.72	3	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone: isatizon believed to be Russian synonym	1.94	1	0
4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cinnamic acids
n-acetyltryptophan N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.	2.39	2	0	L-tryptophan derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	metabolite
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	3.23	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
n-benzoylalanine N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.	1.97	1	0	N-acyl-L-alanine; N-benzoylalanine	metabolite
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine 4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	2.03	1	0	4-fluorophenylalanine; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
n-acetyltyrosylamide N-acetyltyrosylamide: substrate for lactoperoxidase; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.53	2	0
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	2.39	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
alpha-naphthyl thiourea alpha-naphthyl thiourea: structure	1.99	1	0	naphthalenes
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.	3.8	3	0	urocanic acid	human metabolite
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	4.52	5	1	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.38	2	0	diarylmethane
thiothixene [no description available]	3.86	3	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.	3.23	1	0	zopiclone	central nervous system depressant; sedative
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	7.31	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	7.92	18	2	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	3.06	5	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
thiohydantoins Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups.	8.33	7	0
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	4.6	8	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	4.4	6	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	8.36	95	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	6.38	13	1
metiamide Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.	2.36	2	0	imidazoles
terbinafine [no description available]	3.83	3	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid 3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.	2.03	1	0	organosulfinic acid; S-substituted L-cysteine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; mouse metabolite
tosylarginine methyl ester Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).	5.77	29	0	guanidines; L-arginine ester; methyl ester; sulfonamide
aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.	7.41	1	0	coumarins; monoterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary
3-methylglutaconic acid (E)-3-methylglutaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid comprising (E)-glutaconic acid carrying a 3-methyl substituent.	2.02	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
3-((3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-carboxyphenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone 3-((3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-carboxyphenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone: a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
d-ap7 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	3.14	5	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	7.78	3	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
tg 003 TG 003: a Clk inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	4.08	4	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.07	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available]	2.68	3	0
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.45	2	0
thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.	2.39	2	0	hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	6.3	49	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	11.3	81	2	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	4.05	14	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2.42	2	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	1.96	1	0
n-methyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
5-doxylstearate [no description available]	2	1	0	aminoxyls
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	4.05	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
cystine dimethyl ester cystine dimethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.99	1	0
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	13.12	17	3	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
glycylvaline glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
n-hydroxy-n'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine HET0016: 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid synthesis inhibitor	2.03	1	0	toluenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
streptozocin [no description available]	4.08	4	0
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	3.17	5	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	5.55	22	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
diphenyleneiodium chloride dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; G-protein-coupled receptor agonist
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	5.25	16	0
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tamoxifen citrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	citrate salt	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen [no description available]	7.84	21	3	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.42	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
nadp [no description available]	12.12	262	1
pyrazole-1-carboxamidine pyrazole-1-carboxamidine: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
pimagedine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.49	7	0
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	3.89	3	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate: structure given in first source	2.43	2	0
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester [no description available]	2.47	2	0
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine: structure in first source. 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine : A tetramethylrhodamine compound having a carboxy substituent at the 5-position	2.13	1	0	xanthenes	fluorochrome
3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	imidazolyl carboxylic acid	human urinary metabolite
srpin340 SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor	2.41	1	0
cancidas [no description available]	3.23	1	0
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole 2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole: an amyloid imaging agent; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
sirtinol [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aldimine; benzamides; naphthols	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
eskazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid: structure given in first source	8.35	7	0
monastrol monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.	2.44	2	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas	antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	2.38	2	0	macrolide
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.71	3	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.53	2	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	3.76	11	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.93	13	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.46	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	9.38	6	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
aplaviroc aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
helvolic acid helvolic acid: structure. helvolic acid : A steroid C-21 acid having a 29-nordammarane skeleton substituted with an acetoxy group at C-16 and oxo groups at C-3 and -7, with double bonds at C-1, -17(20) and -24.	2.01	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid; acetate ester; monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid	antibacterial agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
hmr 3647 [no description available]	4.08	4	0
maraviroc [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tropane alkaloid
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.96	4	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
zinc oxide Diaper Rash: A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.	2.01	1	0
telaprevir [no description available]	2.45	2	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	3.23	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	7.49	2	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	2.21	1	0
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	2.42	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.	2.03	1	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	12.94	38	1	alkali metal atom
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	1.97	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
goitrin goitrin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. (R)-goitrin : A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis.	2.1	1	0	5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione	antiviral agent; plant metabolite
fosfestrol fosfestrol: Rx of prostatic carcinoma; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	1.96	1	0	aryl phosphate
thiobutabarbital thiobutabarbital: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
alpha-sarcin alpha-sarcin: basic protein 150 aa, MW 16 kDa; isolated from aspergillus giganteus; sequence similarity with ribonucleases such as RIBONUCLEASE T1; 85% identity with restrictocin; a ribotoxin cleaving the phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of G4325 in the alpha-sarcin/ricin domain of rat 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA; sometimes called a ribosome-inactivating protein but falls outside the normal definition of plant RIP that de-adenylate rRNA	7	1	0
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	3.6	9	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	9.01	14	0	nitrogen oxide
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	1.97	1	0
thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.	2.65	3	0	nucleoside analogue; thiouridine	affinity label; antimetabolite
broparoestrol broparoestrol: non-steroid compound with estrogenic activity; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; synonym LN 2299 refers to (cis)-isomer; LN 1643 refers to (trans)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1451	2.08	1	0
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	1.97	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	18.58	65	1	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	5.72	16	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
burimamide Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.	1.98	1	0	imidazoles
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
dolasetron [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
thymocartin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	3.83	2	1	steroid	estrogen
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	3.59	2	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	4.99	12	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
aprikalim [no description available]	2.9	4	0
kaurenoic acid kaurenoic acid: isolated from leaves of Montanoa tomentosa; structure given in first source. ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity.	7.11	1	0
deoxy-4-thiothymidine 4-thiothymidine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	3.6	9	0
2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyloxy 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyloxy: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
deltorphin deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2	8.37	1	1	peptide
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.44	2	0
tryptophan tryptophylquinone tryptophan tryptophylquinone: prosthetic group of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
tan 1057a TAN 1057A: from Flexibacter sp. PK 74 & PK 176; has methicillin resistance to Staphylococcus aureus; inhibits protein symthesis in E. coli & S. aureus; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87	2.03	1	0
pksi 527 PKSI 527: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2.96	4	0
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
thioperamide thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0	primary aliphatic amine
cystine [no description available]	11.91	271	1
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	3.69	10	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.46	2	0	benzazepine
n(6)-benzoyl-cyclic amp [no description available]	1.99	1	0
bradykinin, thr(6)- bradykinin, Thr(6)-: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the turtle, Pseudemys scripta	1.98	1	0
bp 897 BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
rasagiline [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
trequinsin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	3.23	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ha 1100 HA 1100: intracellular calcium antagonist	2.15	1	0
neboglamine neboglamine: potential memory enhancer	2.03	1	0
isopropyl-beta-galactopyranoside [no description available]	2.02	1	0	glycoside
benzoyl-pro-phe-arg-p-nitroanilide Chromozym PK: chromogenic substrate for factor XII assay	1.96	1	0
2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline: structure given in first source	2.53	2	0	benzofurans
tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)ammonium tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)ammonium: from Thermus thermophilus ; structure given in first source	3.13	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
glutaryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2	1	0	glutaryl-CoAs	mouse metabolite
fructosyl-glycine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	fructosamine; glycine derivative; glyco-amino acid	human metabolite
ascorbigen ascorbigen: a depot form of ascorbic acid. ascorbigen : An indolyl carbohydrate that consists of (3aS,6S,6aR)-3,3a,6-trihydroxy-3-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one in which position 3 is substituted by an indol-3-ylmethyl group. Formed from indole-3-carbinol and ascorbic acid in brassica vegetables.	2.05	1	0	indolyl carbohydrate	metabolite
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	2.03	1	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	3.82	10	0
sc 52608 SC 52608: a superoxide dismutase mimetic; a synthetic Mn-based macrocyclic compound; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	phenols
citryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.39	2	0
uridine diphosphate arabinose uridine diphosphate arabinose: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.05	1	0
acetyldithio-coenzyme a acetyldithio-coenzyme A: RN given in first source	7.02	1	0
bms 180742 BMS 180742: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.38	2	0
acarviosine acarviosine: structure given in first source; the core of acarbose; RN refers to the (R(-))-isomer	2	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	2.35	2	0
gentamicin c gentamicin C: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also record for micronomicin for which gentamicin C2b is synonym	2	1	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.46	2	0
phosphonic acid phosphonic acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.	7.49	2	0
metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to cpd with structure HPO3. phosphonate(1-) : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.	2.03	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	3.96	13	0
tecoflex Tecoflex: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.55	2	0
quinagolide quinagolide: structure & RN given in first source; a non-ergot dopamine D(2)-agonist	1.97	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	3.5	8	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
zamifenacin zamifenacin: zamifenacin is the (R)-isomer; RN given for (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	3.12	1	0	diarylmethane
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
benzatropine methanesulfonate benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	2.03	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	3.7	10	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
sb 203186 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	3.26	6	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.	2.03	1	0	1,2-thiazoles; indoles; ureas	receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	6.41	66	0
tissue plasminogen activator [no description available]	3.86	12	0	alpha-amino acid
gw 7647 GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; ureas	PPARalpha agonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	10.42	62	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
ro 41-0960 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cgp 13501 CGP 13501: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	alkylbenzene
16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0
rs 100329 RS 100329: an alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	piperazines
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.02	1	0
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	2.68	3	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.9	4	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
brl 15572 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; secondary alcohol	geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
mrs 1523 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	4.01	14	0	quinoxaline derivative
l 152804 L 152804: structure in first source	2.94	4	0	xanthenes
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines	reagent
6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	3.51	8	0
or486 OR486: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	3.38	7	0	quinoxaline derivative
a 61603 A 61603: a potent alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	tetralins
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	7.76	220	0
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins	2	1	0
iik7 IIK7: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
n-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate [no description available]	2.44	2	0
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
dm 235 DM 235: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	11.09	17	2
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.39	7	0
2',3'-dialdehyde atp 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer; OATP also stands for organic anion-transporting polypeptides	2.03	1	0
jhw 015 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indolecarboxamide
bw 723c86 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	tryptamines
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.68	3	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.17	1	0
sc-19220 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether
le 300 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
2-(2-(5-bromo-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(1-methylethoxyphenyl)-4-(3h)-quinazolinone 2-(2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(1-methylethoxyphenyl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone: CCK2 receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0	quinazolines
alpha-carotene alpha-carotene: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer; see also related record beta-carotene. alpha-carotene : A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively.	2.1	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	plant metabolite; provitamin A
6-hydroxy-fad 6-hydroxy-FAD : Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the benzo[g]pteridinedione moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.41	1	0
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.23	1	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	3.82	10	0	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	8.08	5	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
icodextrin Icodextrin: A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity.	3.79	2	1
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	2.17	1	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	8.39	7	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ly 367265 LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).	2.03	1	0	dihydropyridine; fluoroindole; tertiary amino compound; thiadiazoloquinoline	antidepressant; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-cresol sulfate p-cresol sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is p-cresol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.	4.86	2	1	aryl sulfate	gut flora metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	4.08	4	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	6.97	58	0
sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(biotinamido)hexanoate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt
cgp 7930 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	alkylbenzene
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole 4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo.	2.03	1	0	phenols; pyrazoles	estrogen receptor agonist
2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
petromyzonol sulfate petromyzonol sulfate: bile alocohol derivative that serves as a chemoattractant during the life cycle of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)	2.02	1	0	steroid sulfate
sib 1757 SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
methanethiosulfonate methanethiosulfonate: used for measurement of rhodanese activity; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.71	3	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	8.32	6	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	7.2	18	2	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	7.42	34	4	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	13.87	149	8	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	11.34	99	6	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene a4 Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.	2.44	2	0	epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group	2.05	1	0	fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.11	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	7.77	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.73	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.	2.25	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antioxidant; metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	4.9	8	1	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	5.11	14	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
psychosine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	glycosylsphingoid	human metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	6.76	17	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	6.37	6	2	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	10.09	43	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	5.46	15	1	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	8.53	8	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	8.39	68	2	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.71	3	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.9	4	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2.42	2	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
ayanin ayanin: has cytoprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities; isolated from Croton schiedeanus (Euphorbiaceae); structure in first source. 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone : A trimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4' and 7 have been replaced by methoxy groups.	7.01	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	7.48	23	1	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	7.87	8	3	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	12.76	12	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	6.67	9	1	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	7.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	2.68	3	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin d2 9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2: has potent antineoplastic & weak smooth muscle contracting activities; structure given in first source. prostaglandin J2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins J that consists of prosta-5,9,13-trien-1-oic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 11 and a hydroxy group at position 15 (the 5Z,13E,15S stereoisomer).	2	1	0	prostaglandins J	human metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	6.85	36	2	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
11-dehydro-thromboxane b2 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2: structure given in first source. 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 : A thromboxane obtained by formal oxidation of the hemiacetal hydroxy function of thromboxane B2.	4.14	3	1	thromboxane	human metabolite
lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.	1.98	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.68	3	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	6.41	8	2	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
prostaglandin f1 prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	1.98	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.08	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	5.47	15	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	9.81	10	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	3.82	11	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	4.42	6	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	3.59	2	0
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	5.77	6	1	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	12.9	7	2	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	3.23	1	0	isoquinolines
kava Kava: Dried rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum, a shrub native to Oceania and known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. Heavy usage results in some adverse effects. It contains ALKALOIDS; LACTONES; kawain, methysticin, mucilage, STARCH, and yangonin. Kava is also the name of the pungent beverage prepared from the plant's roots.	3.15	1	0
timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.	2.74	3	0	maleate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	2.74	3	0	maleate salt	anti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	2.74	3	0	fumarate salt	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
methylergonovine maleate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	ergoline alkaloid	geroprotector
hemabate carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	3.23	1	0
carboprost Carboprost: A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY.. carboprost : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydrogen at position 15 is substituted by methyl (S configuration). It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	1.98	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	abortifacient; oxytocic
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.59	2	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	4.08	4	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	7.38	4	3	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.02	1	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.99	4	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	1.94	1	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
geranylgeraniol (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2	1	0	geranylgeraniol
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	2.46	2	0	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
esculin [no description available]	4.84	11	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.41	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	2.25	1	0	alpha-humulene
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	5.06	2	1	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.41	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
baicalein [no description available]	2.71	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.11	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	7.52	2	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	1.99	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	7.49	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
morusin morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.	4.9	1	1	extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	7.45	2	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.13	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.71	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	7.41	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.8	3	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	5.25	3	1	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
salvianolic acid a salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia	7.08	1	0	stilbenoid
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	3.14	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.43	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	8.26	6	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
ginkgolic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.	2.45	2	0	flupenthixol	dopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.46	2	0	3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	10.3	22	3	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.98	4	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	1.95	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
n-oleoyldopamine N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.	2.03	1	0	catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide	TRPV1 agonist
pheniramine maleate Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sofalcone sofalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is benzene in which the hydrogens at positions 1,2 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethoxy, (1E)-1-{4-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}-3-oxoprop-1-en-3-yl, and (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy groups, respectively. It is a gastrointestinal drug currently used for treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers in Japan and South Korea.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; chalcones; monocarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; antibacterial agent; gastrointestinal drug; plant metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.45	2	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	4.59	8	0	stilbenoid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.08	5	0	4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	9.96	28	5	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.75	3	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively.	2.73	3	0	(18R,21S)-24-amino-21-hydroxy-21-oxido-15-oxo-16,20,22-trioxa-21lambdalambda(5)-phosphatetracosan-18-yl icosanoate; phosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol [no description available]	3.55	8	0	phosphatidylglycerol
trimipramine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	maleate salt	antidepressant
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	4.26	5	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.71	3	0
xylometazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
flunarizine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.	2.03	1	0	organoammonium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
indocyanine green [no description available]	3.23	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	5.34	10	0	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	3.53	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
fondaparinux Fondaparinux: Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.. fondaparinux : A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.	11.54	57	0	amino sugar; oligosaccharide sulfate; pentasaccharide derivative	anticoagulant
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	6.58	5	3	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.	6.95	1	0
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.	2.45	2	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector
ethamolin monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma	3.23	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	3.59	2	0
13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: chemorepellant factor which maintains blood vessel wall thromboresistance; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer	2.45	2	0	octadecadienoic acid
9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid: toxic metabolite of leukocytes; causes cardiac failure in dogs; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.68	3	0	medium-chain fatty acid
prostaglandin i3 [no description available]	3.21	1	0	prostanoid
arbaprostil Arbaprostil: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.	1.98	1	0	prostanoid
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.	2.9	4	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug; radiation protective agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	7.01	29	3	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,3-dinor-thromboxane b2 [no description available]	1.99	1	0	thromboxane
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	3.53	2	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	9.33	19	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
diethylstilbestrol [no description available]	2.17	1	0	fatty aldehyde
n-arachidonylglycine N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide	2.03	1	0	fatty amide; N-acylglycine
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.	2.44	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1	EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoserine {1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phospho}serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.	2.08	1	0	3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	4.9	1	1	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	2.54	2	0
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	2.75	3	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
codeine [no description available]	8.92	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	4.26	5	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	3.24	6	0	hydrochloride
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
mepyramine maleate histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent	2.03	1	0
4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	4.08	4	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	2.36	2	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	3.3	6	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
estropipate estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients	3.23	1	0	piperazinium salt; steroid sulfate
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	2.73	3	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	4.11	4	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	3.86	3	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nabilone nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.46	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	9.38	63	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	3.23	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	3.59	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.23	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	5.79	27	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	9.1	4	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.23	1	0
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.72	10	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source. alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group.	2.03	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	Hsp90 inhibitor
n-methylalanine N-methylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL-Ala)-isomer. methyl-L-alanine : Any alanine derivative that is L-alanine having one or more methyl groups attached to the amino group.. N-methyl-L-alanine : A methyl-L-alanine in which one of the the amino hydrogen of L-alanine is replaced by a methyl group.	2.17	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; methyl-L-alanine
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	9.63	113	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
n-acetylglucosamine thiazoline N-acetylglucosamine thiazoline: an analog of the oxazolinium bicyclic intermediate leading from N-acetylglucosamine to 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid	2.03	1	0
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.	1.95	1	0
pyoverdin pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined	2.45	2	0
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).	2.03	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source	3.08	5	0
4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
7-benzylidenenaltrexone 7-benzylidenenaltrexone: structure given in first source; a highly selective delta1-opioid receptor antagonist	2.02	1	0	phenanthrenes
acipimox acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor	9.09	3	1	pyrazinecarboxylic acid
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd	1.98	1	0
ah 23848 AH 23848: thromboxane antagonist. AH23848 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2R,5S)- and (1S,2S,5R)-enantiomers of (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid. The hemicalcium salt is a potent, specific thromboxane receptor-blocking drug that is orally active and has a long duration of action.. (1R,2R,5S)-AH23848 : A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have R-, R- and S-configuration respectively.	1.98	1	0	(4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid
alpha-neoendorphin alpha-neoendorphin: precursor or leucine enkephalin family	1.98	1	0
arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide: a potent and selective agonist of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source. arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide : A fatty amide obtained by the formal condensation of arachidonic acid with 2-chloroethanamine. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 1.4 nM) and also has a low affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 3100 nM).	2.45	2	0	fatty amide; organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide; synthetic cannabinoid	CB1 receptor agonist; CB2 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	3.23	1	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
bibo 3457 BIBO 3304: BIBO-3457 is the inactive enantiomer	6.84	80	0
bibp 3226 BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer	8.99	237	0
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer	2.4	2	0
denopamine denopamine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	5.56	13	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	10.47	4	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
endomorphin 1 endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain	2.51	2	0	oligopeptide
endomorphin 2 endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain	2.05	1	0
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	6.22	4	3	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	2.9	4	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fr 173657 FR 173657: structure given in first source	2	1	0
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.	2.88	4	0	peptide
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	8.85	3	0	organic molecular entity
gv 150013x GV 150013X: CCK-B receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	benzodiazepine
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	6.74	18	1	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively	1.99	1	0	benzodiazepine
l 655,708 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions.	2	1	0	prostaglandins J	electrophilic reagent; insulin-sensitizing drug; metabolite
lacidipine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	3.3	6	0	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	8.14	5	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	4.75	30	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.95	4	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	3.91	13	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	3.23	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049 Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	7.39	4	2	phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	4.7	11	0
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	3.08	5	0	polypeptide
ono 3708 ONO 3708: structure given in first source; thromboxane A2 antagonist	2.9	4	0
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.7	3	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
obelin obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata	2.1	1	0
u 44069 U 44069: has contractile effect on rat pulmonary veins & arteries; a thromboxane-A2 mimetic	2.89	4	0	prostanoid
thromboxane a2, carbocyclic carbocyclic thromboxane A2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes that is thromboxane A2 in which the bridging oxygen has been replaced by a methylene group.	1.98	1	0
sq 30741 SQ 30741: antithrombotic; structure given in first source; thromboxane A2 antagonist	3.77	2	1
sb 200646a [no description available]	2.03	1	0
seglitide seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
sib 1893 SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
h 409-22 H 409-22: a neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; H 510-45 is the inactive enantiomer; structure in first source	2.41	2	0
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	4.13	16	0
vinorelbine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
onapristone onapristone: induces vaginal bleeding and luteal regression in monkeys; structure given in first source; progesterone antagonist	7.39	2	0
cl 316243 disodium (R,R)-5-(2-((2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)propyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-2,3-dicarboxylate: structure given in first source	2	1	0
ro 41-5253 Ro 41-5253: a synthetic retinoid with antiviral activity; a selective RAR alpha antagonist; structure given in first source. Ro 41-5253 : A thiochromane that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzothiopyran S,S-dioxide in which the hydrogens at position 4 are both replaced by methyl groups, the hydrogens at position 7 is replaced by a heptyloxy group, while the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a 1-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl group, the phenyl group of which is substituted at the para position by a carboxy group. It is a selective antagonist for retinoic acid receptor alpha.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoic acids; sulfone; thiochromane	apoptosis inducer; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
silodosin silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	indolecarboxamide
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	1.98	1	0	piperazines
su 6656 SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.	2.03	1	0
s 145 S 145: TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/88; S-1452 is the calcium hydrate form of S-145	2.39	2	0	monoterpenoid
ro 46-8443 Ro 46-8443: a non-peptide endothelin ET(B) receptor selective antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
sr 120819a SR 120819A: a selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
sulprostone sulprostone: structure	1.98	1	0	prostanoid
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	4.07	14	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
biliverdine [no description available]	2.71	3	0
syringin syringin: a phenylpropanoid glycoside; see also eleutherosides & lyoniside for eleutheroside A: 474-58-8. syringin : A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.	7.41	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dimethoxybenzene; monosaccharide derivative; primary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
icariin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
trilinolein trilinolein: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. 1,2,3-trilinoleoylglycerol : A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.	1.98	1	0	1,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol; 1,3-diacyl-2-linoleoylglycerol; linoleoyl containing 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol; TG(18:2/18:2/18:2); triglyceride	mouse metabolite
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	8.01	3	0
malealdehyde malealdehyde: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; fumaraldehyde refers to (E)-isomer	2.06	1	0	but-2-enedial
furazolidone [no description available]	2.75	3	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	4.26	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	3.26	6	0
erbstatin erbstatin: from actinomycetes; an inhibitor of EGF-receptor kinase & other protein-tyrosine kinases; structure in first source	2.91	4	0
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tyrphostin ag-494 AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tyrphostin b44 tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-)	2.03	1	0
ag-490 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
ag 112 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ag 183 AG 183: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.75	3	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.61	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	3.08	5	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	3.7	1	1
stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	6.92	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	4.08	15	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	3.48	2	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	1.98	1	0
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.	2.02	1	0	hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; octadecadienoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.46	2	0
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; nitrile; sulfone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	3.86	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	2.07	1	0	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
molsidomine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	3.1	5	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	7.18	89	0
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	4.35	21	0	alkali metal atom
octylmethoxycinnamate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cinnamate ester
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	9.7	30	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	chalcones
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.48	2	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
muconic acid muconic acid: a metabolite of benzene; reported to be a reliable indicator of occupational exposure to benzene; structure given in first source. trans,trans-muconic acid : The trans,trans-isomer of muconic acid. It is metabolite of benzene in humans and serves as a biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene.. muconic acid : A hexadienedioic acid with unsaturation at positions 2 and 4.	2	1	0	muconic acid	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	3.76	11	0	alkali metal atom
nomifensine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	3.85	12	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	12.23	37	9	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	10.38	4	1	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.35	2	0	boron group element atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	2.13	1	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.37	21	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.5	2	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	5.51	21	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	4.23	5	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalbuphine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
alternariol monomethyl ether djalonensone : A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; benzochromenone	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	5.27	3	1	boron group element atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefixime [no description available]	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	5.06	13	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	3.86	3	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	15.35	31	7	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
ridogrel [no description available]	1.98	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	3.23	1	0
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2.39	2	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	4.07	4	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	4.8	33	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.44	2	0
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	3.23	1	0	styrenes
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2.41	2	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
plastoquinone [no description available]	2.68	3	0	plastoquinone
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.65	3	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene 3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	8.96	27	8	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.74	3	0
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.39	2	0
trientine hydrochloride [no description available]	3.86	3	0
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.	3.57	2	0
sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	4.1	15	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.1	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.82	3	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	7.99	40	1	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime [no description available]	2.15	1	0	(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime
phycocyanobilin phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.	2.02	1	0
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.68	3	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
bleomycin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tyrosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino-acid radical
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	16.91	1,025	5	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	1.94	1	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	4.19	17	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
strombine strombine: imino acid produced by a dehydrogenase found in the adductor muscle of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas. N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine : A derivative of D-alanine having a carboxymethyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.	1.96	1	0	D-alanine derivative
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	9.2	55	2	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	10.86	7	1	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	5.16	3	1	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
dextromethorphan hydrobromide dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.	2.74	3	0	hydrate; hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	7.26	12	1	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	3.13	5	0
naloxone hydrochloride naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	3.86	12	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
trandolaprilat trandolaprilat: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; RN 87679-71-8 refers to trandolaprilat. trandolaprilat : A heterobicyclic compound that is trandolapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of the prodrug trandolapril.	2.39	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite
nitecapone nitecapone: structure given in first source	2	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	4.09	3	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine pseudoisocyanine: metachromatic quinoline tissue stain; may polymerize to yield different colors; also used in fluorescence cytochemistry may bind to DNA; minor descriptor (79-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search QUINOLINES (79-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine; quinolines
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	7.06	1	0	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	1.95	1	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.7	3	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	6.94	12	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
phytochlorin phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source	2.58	2	0
cefuroxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	4.21	5	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
pafuramidine pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine	3.23	1	0
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.92	4	0	isoquinolines
ceftazidime [no description available]	3.86	3	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.39	2	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	5.88	7	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
dermorphin dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin	7.4	2	0	oligopeptide
naltrexone hydrochloride naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	3.61	9	0
conotoxin mi conotoxin MI: 14-residue peptide toxin from marine snail Conus magus; amino acid sequence in first source	2	1	0
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure	2.1	1	0
troxerutin troxerutin: used in treatment of venous disorders; structure; venoruton & oxerutin is a mixture of hydroxyethyl rutinosides	7.31	1	0
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-cys(6)- enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Cys(6)-: affinity label for delta-opiate receptors	1.98	1	0
naltrindole benzofuran naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
marfey's reagent Marfey's reagent: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	3.85	3	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
capuramycin capuramycin: from Streptomyces griseus 446-S3; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0
tiotropium bromide Tiotropium Bromide: A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.. tiotropium bromide : An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	4.76	2	1
n-nitratopivaloyl-s-(n'-acetylalanyl)-cysteine ethyl ester N-nitratopivaloyl-S-(N'-acetylalanyl)-cysteine ethyl ester: a cysteine-containing NO donor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion	2.68	3	0
gr 94800 GR 94800: a selective NK2 heptapeptide antagonist	2.39	2	0
somatostatin 28-(1-12) [no description available]	1.96	1	0
succinamopine succinamopine: crown gall opine, host plant metabolite incited by Agrobacterium; structure given in first source	2.73	3	0
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	3.23	1	0	peptide
guanylin guanylin: from rat jejunum; contains 15 amino acids; activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase; stimulates this enzyme through the same receptor binding region as the heat-stable enterotoxins; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank Z73607 (pig)	2	1	0
oxyhyponitrite oxyhyponitrite: nitrosating agent; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent acid	2.41	2	0
urechistachykinin ii urechistachykinin II: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the echiuroid worm Urechis unicinctus	2	1	0
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	5.84	6	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
oleoyl-coenzyme a oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	1.98	1	0	octadecenoyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
crotonyl-coenzyme a crotonoyl-CoA : The (E)-isomer of but-2-enoyl-CoA.	2	1	0	but-2-enoyl-CoA
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	1.95	1	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	8.38	7	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.45	2	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
nylidrin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	H1-receptor antagonist
famotidine [no description available]	4.26	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.74	3	0	hydrobromide	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
tiapridex Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.	2.03	1	0	benzamides
quipazine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
hp 029 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
bafilomycin a [no description available]	2.41	1	0
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	2.69	3	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	4.61	7	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
phenyldehydroalanine [no description available]	2.69	2	0
3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine: a fluorescent probe	2.01	1	0
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2.02	1	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	3.46	7	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	4.09	3	1	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: anion transport inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.48	2	0
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	3.83	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	4.08	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
semapimod semapimod: macrophage-deactivating agent used to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice; prevents postoperative ileus in mice independently of anti-inflammatory vagus nerve signaling	1.98	1	0
cyprodime cyprodime: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
levuglandin e2 levuglandin E2: secoprostanoid from prostaglandin endoperoxide; gamma-ketoaldehyde cpd; structure given in first source; related to prostaglandin E2	2.02	1	0	levuglandin
1-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine 1-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine: dopamine uptake inhibitor and indirect dopamine agonist	1.98	1	0
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.97	4	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
zearalenol zearalenol: RN given refers to (3S-(3R,7S,11E))-isomer	2.03	1	0
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2	2.03	1	0	naphthalenes
st 638 [no description available]	1.99	1	0
bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate: structure	1.98	1	0
nf023 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nf 449 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	5.21	51	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	3.78	11	0
gr 46611 GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs	2.03	1	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	3.81	2	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	2.44	2	0
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
mastoparan [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	3.08	5	0	oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	7.22	148	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	7.42	2	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	11.3	41	5	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
selenocysteine Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.	3.43	7	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.94	4	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	5.33	18	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	3.8	11	0	organic anion
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	2.38	2	0
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	3.23	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	5.87	6	4	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
cgp 39551 CGP 39551: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.	2.66	3	0
fk 409 FK 409: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces griseoporeus	3.5	8	0
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available]	2.03	1	0
enclomiphene citrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
vancomycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
moxisylyte hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	monoterpenoid
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	8.22	83	1	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	4.69	9	0	amidobenzoic acid
prolylglycine prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
arginyllysine Arg-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-arginyl and L-leucine residues.	5.75	6	1	dipeptide	metabolite
pregnanediol [no description available]	2.64	3	0
diphenoxylate hydrochloride diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antidiarrhoeal drug
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate	2.39	2	0
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	2.02	1	0	polyterpene
hygromycin a hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B	1.98	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.	1.96	1	0
flupirtine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
zimelidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	3.68	9	0
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	2.71	3	0
cinodine cinodine: glycocinnamoylspermidine antibiotic; gyrase inhibitor found in Nocardia; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.37	2	0
rifaximin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterohexacyclic compound; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative	antimicrobial agent; gastrointestinal drug; orphan drug
latrunculin b latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.	2	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
aminoethoxyvinylglycine aminoethoxyvinylglycine: RN given for (S-(E))-isomer	2.05	1	0
ergonovine maleate ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2.46	2	0	maleate salt	diagnostic agent; oxytocic
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; (S-(E,Z,Z,Z))-isomer caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries; structure in first source. 15-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.	2.02	1	0	HPETE	human xenobiotic metabolite
manoalide manoalide: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; sesterterpene from marine sponge L. variabilis; structure given in first source. manoalide : A sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis and which has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity towards phospholipase A2.	1.98	1	0	butenolide; lactol; sesterterpenoid	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; metabolite
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
ly 53857 LY 53857: RN given refers to maleate[1:1](8beta)-isomer	2.67	3	0
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.31	1	0	phosphatidylethanolamine
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidine)quinolinium, tetraiodide 1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium: non-fluorescent in solution but forms highly fluorescent complex with double-stranded DNA; RN refers to the tetraiodide compound	2.43	2	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-(beta)(2-(di-n-butylamino)-6-naphthylvinyl)pyridinium betaine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	2.02	1	0
thiazole orange thiazole orange: structure given in first source. thiazole orange : A cyanine dye comprising the thiazole orange cation [1-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl]quinolinium] with the p-tosylate counterion.	2.13	1	0	cyanine dye	fluorochrome
n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
squalestatin 1 squalestatin 1: structure given in first source; inhibits both mammalian and fungal squalene synthetase; from fungus Phoma sp (Coelomycetes). zaragozic acid A : A polyketide isolated from fungi that is a potent inhibitor of fungal and mammalian squalene synthase.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; oxabicycloalkane; polyketide; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.21 (squalene synthase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
microcystin rr microcystin RR: structure given in first source; isolated cyanobacterium	2.74	3	0	microcystin; organic molecular entity	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
op 2507 OP 2507: prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
9-o-methanoprostaglandin i 9-O-methanoprostaglandin I: shows weak inhibitory activity in rabbit platelet aggregation induced by ADP; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0
2-crotonyloxymethyl-(4r,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxycyclohex- 2-enone 2-crotonyloxymethyl-(4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxycyclohex- 2-enone: glyoxalase I inhibitor from culture broth of Streptomyces griseosporeus; RN given refers to (3R-(1(E),3alpha,4alpha,5alpha))-isomer	2.41	1	0
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine: RN given in first source; RN given refers to (R-(Z,Z))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/90. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.. phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1) : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are octadecenoyl groups.	2	1	0	phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1)	mouse metabolite
2-(fluoromethyl)dehydroornithine methyl ester [no description available]	1.97	1	0
tmk 777 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
bw a1433 BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
tei 3356 TEI 3356: a prostaglandin E receptor agonist; inhibits endothelin-induced DNA synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
4-coumaroyl-coenzyme a 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source. trans-4-coumaroyl-CoA : A 4-coumaroyl-CoA in which the double bond of the coumaroyl group has trans-geochemistry.. 4-coumaroyl-CoA : The S-(4-coumaroyl) derivative of coenzyme A.	2.13	1	0	4-coumaroyl-CoA
farnesyl monophosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
antibiotic 1233a antibiotic 1233A: beta-lactone antibiotic from Cephalosporium; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase & 3C protease, viral inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer	2.21	1	0
menaquinol 6 menaquinol 6: a short chain analog of vitamin K2; physiological electron donor. menaquinol-6 : A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of six isoprenoid units.	2.01	1	0	menaquinol	electron donor
kitol kitol: one of provitamins A; alpha particle bombardment with radon effects the conversion of kitol to vitamin A; occurs in variety of fish liver oils & in livers of oxen & sheep; RN given refers to (1alpha,2alpha,5alpha(1E,3E),6beta(1E,3E,5E))-isomer; kitol A & kitol B are geometrically isomeric components of kitol; structure of kitol in first source; structure of kitols A & B in second source	1.99	1	0
diacetylcurcumin diacetylcurcumin: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
vasopressin, 1-deamino-4-val-8-arg- vasopressin, 1-deamino-4-Val-8-Arg-: highly potent & specific antidiuretic possessing protracted effects; RN given refers to (L-Val-L-Arg)-isomer	1.95	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	3.63	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
prostaglandin f-main urinary metabolite prostaglandin F-main urinary metabolite: urinary metabolites of PGF2alpha in rats	3.46	1	1
4-oxo-2-nonenal 4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4.	2.72	3	0	enal; enone	human metabolite
ixabepilone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
hv 723 HV 723: structure given in first source; RN given refers to fumarate salt; RN for parent cpd not available 3/89	1.98	1	0
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
trisialoganglioside gt1 [no description available]	2	1	0
ganglioside, gd2 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
asialo gm1 ganglioside [no description available]	1.98	1	0
su 4312 SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.	2.03	1	0
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2	1	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	2.01	1	0
dansyl-arginine-methylpiperidine amide [no description available]	3.24	6	0
19-hydroxycholesterol 19-hydroxycholesterol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	cholestanoid
glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
suberylglycine suberylglycine: found in urine of patients with C(6)-C(10)-dicarboxylIC aciduria; RN is from 9th CI, Chem Subs Index; structure	2.1	1	0	N-acylglycine
beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.	2	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.48	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.41	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
gw 1929 GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	benzophenones
ceftizoxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
paclobutrazol paclobutrazol: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer. paclobutrazol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol. It acts as a plant-growth retardant and fungicide via inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis.	2	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	5.62	24	0
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	2.97	4	0	glycosylglucose
protriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	3.52	8	0
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cb 34 CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
b 43 RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; cyclopentanes; primary amino compound; pyrrolopyrimidine	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide 4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
gw2974 GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2	2.03	1	0	pyridopyrimidine
l 162313 L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95	2.03	1	0
l-165041 4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone
mrs 1754 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	12.13	135	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
pd 404182 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sb 222200 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	quinolines
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.96	4	0
cr 2945 CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	4.26	5	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
am 404 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	anilide
sb 218795 SB 218795: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	quinolines
sb 334867-a 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea: selective OX1 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	naphthyridine derivative
dihydroceramide N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.03	1	0	N-acylsphinganine
lactacystin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine
andrastin a andrastin A: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure given in first source. andrastin A : A 19-oxo steroid that is that is andrastin B in which the hydroxy group at position 19 has been oxidised to give the corresponding aldehyde. A farnesyltransferase inhibitor produced by Penicillium roqueforti, a filamentous fungus involved in the ripening of several kinds of blue cheeses.	2.01	1	0
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
epinephrine bitartrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
bicuculline methobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.03	1	0
butaclamol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.46	2	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	2.71	3	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	5.41	8	2	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
carboxyl radical [no description available]	2.01	1	0	carbon oxide; organic radical anion	xenobiotic metabolite
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	3.24	6	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	4.63	27	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0
dantrolene [no description available]	3.23	1	0
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefdinir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	2.38	2	0
epostane [no description available]	2.02	1	0
etonogestrel [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
nocloprost nocloprost: phalloidin transport inhibitor	3.08	5	0
a 38503 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sk&f 89976-a [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cv 1808 2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects	2.03	1	0	purine nucleoside
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	5.22	3	1	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
bufogenin bufogenin: respiratory stimulant; from toad; structure. bufogenin : A steroid lactone of Chan su (toad venom), a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads. A specific Na/K-ATPase protein inhibitor, it is used as a cardiotonic and central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, an analgesic and anesthetic, and as a remedy for ulcers.	2.05	1	0	epoxy steroid; steroid lactone	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
vapiprost vapiprost: thromboxane receptor antagonist; prostaglandin receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0
u 62840 U 62840: stereoisomeric benzindene prostaglandin analog; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; human blood serum metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent; vitamin K antagonist
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	3.49	2	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	3.23	1	0	macrolide lactam
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
hexarelin hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6	6.74	10	2
clavaric acid clavaric acid: inhibits farnesyl-protein transferase; isolated from Clavariadelphus truncatus; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	3.59	2	0	diarylmethane
bibx 1382bs BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001	3.23	1	0	substituted aniline
vildagliptin [no description available]	8.48	1	1	amino acid amide
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
3-tyrosine 3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.	2.17	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phenols	plant metabolite
bentiromide bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.	1.96	1	0	dipeptide	diagnostic agent; indicator; reagent
phenylalanylglycine phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-alanyl-leucine glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91	1.97	1	0	peptide
methionylglycine methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
alanylglycine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
alpha-glutamyltryptophan Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
hippuryl-l-lysine [no description available]	2.67	3	0
phenylalanylproline Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.	2.4	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
lysylglycine lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.42	2	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	3.87	12	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	3.59	3	0
aminomethyltransferase Aminomethyltransferase: A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.	2.92	4	0
prolylisoleucine prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
benzamidoxime benzamidoxime: structure given in first source. benzamidoxime : A member of the class of amidoximes obtained by formal condensation of the carbonyl group of benzamide with hydroxylamine.	2.06	1	0	amidoxime	bacterial metabolite; genotoxin; mammalian metabolite
2,9-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	1.98	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	3.55	2	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	9.71	41	1	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cholanic acid cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains	2.11	1	0	cholanic acids
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	4.34	4	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.41	2	0
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	2.08	1	0	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	2.03	1	0
chlorproguanil chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.38	1	1	dichlorobenzene
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	3.23	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fenpyroximate fenpyroximate: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	pyrazole acaricide; tert-butyl ester	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
naltrexazone naltrexazone: binds irreversibly to opiate receptor sites; structure given in first source	2	1	0
dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazoles; sulfoxide
naloxone benzoylhydrazone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fosinopril [no description available]	3.59	2	0
armodafinil armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.	3.23	1	0	2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide	central nervous system stimulant; eugeroic
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	2.07	1	0
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.	3.78	11	0	L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound	hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone: active metabolite of lactacystin; inhibits 20 S proteasome; structure in first source	2	1	0
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
amiprilose [no description available]	2.03	1	0
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
bms-262084 BMS-262084: an azetidinone-based tryptase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
macimorelin [no description available]	3.47	2	0
ym 60828 YM 60828: YM-466 is the mesylate salt	3.1	5	0
sr 142801 SR 142801: SR 142806 is the (R)-enantiomer; structure given in first source; neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
biie 0246 BIIE 0246: a neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	7.86	89	0
n-phenacylthiazolium bromide N-phenacylthiazolium bromide: structure given in first source	2	1	0
dehydroevodiamine dehydroevodiamine: RN given refers to hydroxide, inner salt; structure in first source.	1.99	1	0
kb r7943 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
tak 029 TAK 029: structure in first source	2.39	2	0
jasplakinolide jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R,4E,6S,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer.	2.43	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide; phenols	actin polymerisation inducer; animal metabolite; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; neuroprotective agent
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	5.77	28	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	2.67	3	0
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
fructosyl-lysine fructosyllysine : A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.	6.25	13	1	fructosamine; glyco-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
etomoxir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	2.68	3	0
solufenum solufenum: water-soluble salt of ibuprofen; structure in fourth source	2.02	1	0
brl 37344 BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer	2.4	2	0	monocarboxylic acid
ketoprofen lysine ketoprofen lysine: lysine salt of ketoprofen; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.05	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
cgp 71683 a CGP 71683 A: selective NPY Y(5) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.39	7	0
ginsenoside m1 ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.41	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.53	2	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
4-anisyltetrazolium blue tetrazolium blue : An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium blue(1+) as the counterion.	2.38	2	0	organic chloride salt	dye
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	5.43	20	0	organic molecular entity
rwj-56110 RWJ-56110: a PAR-1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	2.73	3	0	peptide
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
6-bromotryptophan L-6'-bromotryptophan : A bromoamino acid that is L-tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the indole ring is substituted by bromine.	3.11	1	0	aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; bromoamino acid; bromoindole; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tryptophan derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gc 1 compound GC 1 compound: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
ibuprofen arginine ibuprofen arginine: trade name Spedifen	10.02	22	11
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	11.88	138	3	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mirabegron mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.	7.61	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic amide; ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide	beta-adrenergic agonist
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	2.25	1	0	aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
t 1032 T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	9.34	26	1	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	6.2	10	1	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin: an NF-kappaB inhibitor; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
nicotianamine nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; nicotianamine	chelator; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sb 3ct compound SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate: prophylactic against galactosamine hepatotoxicity; thiazolidinecarboxylate salt of arginine	6.57	19	3
molindone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indoles
qx-314 bromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
naproxen-n-butyl nitrate naproxen-n-butyl nitrate: a nitric oxide-releasing NSAID derivative. naproxcinod : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of naproxen with the hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. A cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator that is metabolised to naproxen and a nitric oxide donating moiety, effective in treatment of osteoarthritis.	2.03	1	0	carboxylic ester; methoxynaphthalene; nitrate ester	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
dapagliflozin [no description available]	11.66	4	2	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
sr 59230a 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
gw 4064 [no description available]	2.74	3	0	stilbenoid
u 74389g [no description available]	2.03	1	0
mart-1 antigen MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.	2.43	2	0
shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	7.03	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
g(m2) ganglioside G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.	2.9	4	0	N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine; sialotriaosylceramide	antigen
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ro 48-8587 Ro 48-8587: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
rs 79948-197 RS 79948-197: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate [no description available]	8.27	14	1
thiocolchicoside thiocolchicoside: used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure	4.9	1	1	glycoside
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.03	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	fatty acid ester
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	piperazines; pyridines
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	7.5	2	0	diterpenoid
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.9	1	1	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
noscapine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
neuromedin n neuromedin N: peptide from porcine spinal cord with amino acid sequence homologous to COOH-terminal sequence of neurotensin	3.15	1	0
bpc 157 BPC 157: amino acid sequence given in first source; a 15-amino acid fragment of a gastric peptide, BPC, with hepatoprotective effects	4.5	21	0
zeolites [no description available]	8	4	0
a 77636 (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
tetramethylrhodamine tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure	2.06	1	0	xanthene dye
aq4n AQ4N: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	2.42	2	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	3.48	8	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
diaminorhodamine-4m diaminorhodamine-4M: fluorescent probe used to measure reactive nitrogen species	2.03	1	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.02	1	0
cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A	2.03	1	0
3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone [no description available]	2.46	2	0
adrenorphin adrenorphin: opioid octapeptide from human & bovine adrenal medulla & human phaeochromocytoma tumor; H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Arg-Val-NH2	1.98	1	0
methionine sulfoxide methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.	2.94	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine S-oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.08	1	0
n-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide: inhibits rat renal microsomal arachidonic acid epoxidation	2.05	1	0
linagliptin Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.	11.52	3	3	aminopiperidine; quinazolines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate bismuth tripotassium dicitrate: contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate	2.37	2	0
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.	5.8	12	2	cysteine derivative
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
tribulus Tribulus: A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.	2.02	1	0
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	3.23	1	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	20.14	491	48
apixaban [no description available]	8.92	18	1	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
m 40403 imisopasem manganese: a superoxide dismutase mimetic; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
vitamin u Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.43	2	0	methyl-L-methionine; sulfonium betaine
2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid [no description available]	3.27	6	0
benalfocin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1h-indole 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-indole: an imidazoline compound; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	4.9	1	1
betrixaban betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.	3.31	1	0	benzamides; guanidines; monochloropyridine; monomethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	9.22	9	1	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
trans-sodium crocetinate trans-sodium crocetinate: vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma	2.41	1	0
genz-644282 Genz-644282: topoisomerase I-targeting anticancer drug; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	3.38	6	0
lu 19005 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
agosterol a agosterol A: from marine sponge Spongia sp.	2.01	1	0
ngr peptide [no description available]	2.49	2	0
beta-acetyldigoxin Acetyldigoxins: Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.	2.01	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
angiotensin amide Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.	1.93	1	0	oligopeptide
16-acetylgitoxin 16-acetylgitoxin: main cardioactive metabolite of penta-acetylgitoxin. 16-O-acetylgitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is the 16-acetate of gitoxin.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; cardenolide glycoside
benoxathian hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
substance p [no description available]	6.96	1	0
homatropine methylbromide homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer	2.05	1	0
substance p [no description available]	2.68	3	0
bacilysin bacilysin: structure. bacilysin : A non-ribosomally synthesised dipeptide that consists of L-alanyl and anticapsin units linked by a peptide bond.	2.1	1	0
thiomandelic acid thiomandelic acid: structure in first source	2	1	0
5s,12r,18r-trihydroxy-6z,8e,10e,14z,16e-eicosapentaenoic acid 5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid: a bioactive oxygenated product of EPA, was identified in human plasma and prepared by total organic synthesis; structure in first source. resolvin E1 : A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).	4.43	1	1	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; nonclassic icosanoid; resolvin; triol	anti-inflammatory agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
isotocin isotocin: hormone found in some teleosts; Gln in position 4 of oxytocin replaced by Ser & Leu in position 8 by Ile; structure	2.08	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	8.25	84	1
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
4,5-diaminofluorescein 4,5-diaminofluorescein: structure in first source	2.41	2	0
cefotaxime sodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt
cyclomarin a cyclomarin A: extract of Streptomyces	2.17	1	0	azamacrocycle; keratan 6'-sulfate
baci-im [no description available]	4.08	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2	1	0
6-nitrodopamine 6-nitrodopamine: structure in first source	2	1	0	catecholamine
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	6.19	52	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
5-formylcytosine 5-formylcytosine: structure in first source. 5-formylcytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a formyl group.	2.31	1	0	aminopyrimidine; heteroarenecarbaldehyde; nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone	metabolite
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	5.03	16	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	6.08	5	1
3-hydroxyproline 3-hydroxyproline: HM refers to 4-hydroxyproline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyproline : A monohydroxyproline in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position C3.	2.13	1	0	3-hydroxyproline; amino acid zwitterion; D-proline derivative	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
2-methyllysine 2-methyllysine: inhibits lysine uptake in E coli & Bacillus sphaericus; RN given refers to HCL(DL)-isomer	1.96	1	0
calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug	2.41	2	0
epoxomicin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	morpholines; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	4.06	15	0
bms 477118 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	4.17	5	0	nystatins
pirarubicin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	anthracycline
potassium cyanate potassium cyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNO	1.97	1	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound	herbicide
l-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate [no description available]	6.02	7	4
GR 127935 hydrochloride GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	serotonergic antagonist
arginine aspartate arginine aspartate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer of aspartic acid with L-arginine (1:1)	9.04	26	11
dorsomorphin dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor. dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines	bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
mrs 1845 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cytidine diphosphate choline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
f-amidine F-amidine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	N-acylglycine
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	4.16	5	0
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.01	1	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	2.69	3	0
milnacipran [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetamides
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	2.02	1	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	11.03	43	3
streptazolin streptazolin: from culture of Streptomyces sp.; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
imidazolone imidazolone: a reaction product of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone which markedly accumulates in uremic serum; structure in first source	5.87	22	1	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
n-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent	2.02	1	0
empagliflozin [no description available]	6.15	2	2	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
octanoylcarnitine octanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-octanoyl-L-carnitine : The L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine.	2.31	1	0	O-octanoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophyll A: A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to chlorophyll a.. bacteriochlorophyll : Chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria.	2.05	1	0	bacteriochlorophyll; methyl ester
peramivir peramivir hydrate : A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of peramivir. Used for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days.. peramivir : A member of the class of guanidines that is used (as its trihydrate) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days.	2.41	1	0
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alaproclate hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ubenimex [no description available]	2.03	1	0	peptide
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dsp 4 hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	8.94	161	0	benzoxazole
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cirazoline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
adtn [no description available]	2.03	1	0
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
lilly 78335 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
efaroxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fenoldopam hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	dopamine uptake inhibitor
guvacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer, [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist
4-iodoclonidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tele-methylhistamine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
octoclothepine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
du 24565 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ro 25-6981 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sk&f 77434 N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.	2.03	1	0	hydrobromide	dopamine agonist; prodrug
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
ferryl iron [no description available]	2.01	1	0
perferryl iron [no description available]	2.41	2	0
syringomycin syringomycin: from Pseudomonas syringae; phytotoxin; small peptide containing molecule. syringomycin : A class of cyclodepsipeptides which are secreted by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Composed from nine nonribosomally synthesised amino acids bonded to a fatty acid hydrocarbon tail.	7.01	1	0
delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate: (L)-isomer is the biologically active form; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	5.34	10	0	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	4.96	38	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	3.48	6	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	5.2	15	0
cinobufagin cinobufagin: isolated from Chinese medicinal preparation ch'an su; derived from toad venom	2.05	1	0	steroid lactone
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	13.51	333	5
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	1.94	1	0
palomid 529 [no description available]	2.11	1	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cyclohexylalanine cyclohexylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.69	3	0
n-monoacetylcystine N-monoacetylcystine: antidote for paracetamol poisoning	3.17	1	0
demethylcantharidin demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	6.65	3	1
enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)	2.05	1	0
atropine sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
rifamycins [no description available]	2	1	0
ethidium homodimer ethidium homodimer: structure	1.99	1	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2.41	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	11.48	36	0
eosine i bluish Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.	2.01	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorescent dye; histological dye
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	4.84	4	0
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.84	3	0
aminoethyl-isothiourea aminoethyl-isothiourea: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and oxygen radical scavenger	2.05	1	0
ataprost [no description available]	2.37	2	0
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.03	1	0	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
astragaloside ii astragaloside II: a potent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent from Astragalus; structure in first source. astragaloside II : A triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol glycosylated at positions 3 and 6 by 2-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues respectively.	7.15	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; oxolanes; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triterpenoid saponin	plant metabolite
4-nitrophenyl-n,n',n'',n''',n''''-pentaacetyl-beta-chitopentaoside 4-nitrophenyl-N,N',N'',N''',N''''-pentaacetyl-beta-chitopentaoside: synthetic substrate for the colorimetric assay of lysozyme; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
agrocin 84 agrocin 84: contains glucose, deoxy arabinose & other yet unidentified sugars. agrocin 84 : A nucleotide conjugate that is produced by Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K-84. A 'Trojan horse' antibiotic used to control crown gall.	2.67	3	0	purines
nodularin nodularin: cyclic pentapeptide toxin from NODULARIA SPUMIGENA	2.07	1	0	ether
felypressin Felypressin: A synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.. felypressin : A synthetic nonapeptide comprising cysteinyl, phenylalanyl, phenylalanyl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, cysteinyl, prolyl, lysyl, and glycinamide residues in sequence, with a disulfide bridge joining the two cysteine residues. Its antidiuretic effects are less than those of vasopressin. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in local anaesthetic injections for dental use, and is an ingredient of preparations that have been used for treatment of pain and inflammation of the mouth.	1.93	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	vasoconstrictor agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
furosine [no description available]	9.2	15	3	alpha-amino acid
8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate 8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to above cpd; RN in Chemline for 2-azido-isomer: 64020-54-8	1.97	1	0
angiotensin ii, sar(1)-me-tyr(4)- angiotensin II, Sar(1)-Me-Tyr(4)-: angiotensin II antagonist	1.97	1	0
neurotensin [no description available]	7.05	1	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	1.98	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	5.03	41	0
jaw [no description available]	2.45	2	0	indolecarboxamide
a-484954 A-484954: eEF2K inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
win 62577 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
streptolidine streptolidine: RN given refers to (4S-(4alpha,5beta(S*)))-isomer; structure	7.38	2	0
s-nitrosohomocysteine S-nitrosohomocysteine: in contrast to homocysteine, the nitroso cpd does not support hydrogen peroxide generation & does not lead to endothelial dysfunction	2.44	2	0
s-adenosylethionine [no description available]	4.39	1	1
sodium acetate sodium diacetate: *acetates	2.77	3	0
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Triphosphate: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.. thiamine(1+) triphosphate(4-) : Trianion of thiamine(1+) diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the four OH groups of the triphosphate.	1.98	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion; vitamin B1	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	10.38	171	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.	2.4	2	0	aromatic amino acid
trelagliptin trelagliptin: a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor	3.51	1	1	benzenes; nitrile
macitentan [no description available]	7.25	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; pyrimidines; ring assembly; sulfamides	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist; orphan drug
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
clindamycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	S-glycosyl compound
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	5.94	32	0
cob(ii)alamin cob(II)alamin : A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2.	2.02	1	0	cobalamin	cofactor; human metabolite
picogreen PicoGreen: a DNA-specific dye; has strong affinity for double-stranded DNA and is designed to quantify these molecules in solution; a UV-excitable dye; no further information available 6/96. PicoGreen : A cyanine dye that is 1-phenylquinoline which is substituted at position 2 by a bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino group and at position 4 by a (3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylene group. The counter ion is not stated. A fluorochrome that selectively binds double-stranded DNA and has characteristics similar to that of SYBR-Green I.	2.03	1	0	benzothiazoles; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
calcitonin [no description available]	7.1	1	0
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	4.29	4	1
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	3.69	10	0
tyrocidine Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.	1.97	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; peptide antibiotic	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	8.09	51	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	7.44	59	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	3.37	7	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	4.13	16	0
t22 protein, synthetic T22 protein, synthetic: a synthetic protein with anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity; do not confuse with T22 antigen, a class I histocompatibility antigen	1.98	1	0
cgp 39393 desirudin: recombinant hirudin; has identical amino acid sequence as the natural hirudin variant 1 but lacks the sulphate group on Tyr(63). desirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients to prevent venous thromboembolism. Its amino acid sequence differs from natural hirudin by lack of sulfate group on Tyr-63.	9.36	9	2
bivalirudin bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.	14.31	102	1	polypeptide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	8.86	68	1	polypeptide
tachyplesin peptide, tachypleus tridentatus tachyplesin peptide, Tachypleus tridentatus: isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus); cationic peptide; 17 amino acid residues given in first source	2	1	0
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	3.54	2	0
t140 peptide T140 peptide: a strong anti-hiv agent; amino acid sequence in first source	2.04	1	0
cecropin p1-li cecropin P1-LI: antibacterial peptide isolated from porcine intestine; has immunoreactivity in epithelial cells of duodenum & glucagon cells of the pancreas	1.99	1	0
dermaseptin s dermaseptin: 34 amino acid residues given in first source; antimicrobial peptide of amphibian skin	2.01	1	0
pleurocidin pleurocidin: isolated from the skin secretions of the winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus; amino acid sequence in first source	2.04	1	0
(dtpa-phe(1))-octreotide SDZ 215-811: potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors	3.79	2	1
ganirelix [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
hirugen hirugen: amino acid sequence given in first source	3.48	2	0
cys(11)-cys(15)-endothelin-1 (11-21) Cys(11)-Cys(15)-endothelin-1 (11-21): antagonist of endothelin B receptor	2.67	3	0
cks 17 CKS 17: 16-amino acid protein; has been synthesized; homologous to the first 16 amino acids of the P15E region of HTLV I & II & HIV	2.01	1	0
gr 82334 GR 82334: tachykinin NK-1 receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
hen egg lysozyme peptide (46-61) [no description available]	2.02	1	0
(4-24)-ply(a) peptide-Gly-Leu-amide: 21-amino acid peptide from skin secretion of Xenopus laevis; amino acid sequence given in first source	1.99	1	0
xenin 25 xenin 25: 25 amino acid peptide having 6 C-terminal amino acids in common with amphibian xenopsin; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.01	1	0
hes1 protein, human HES1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_005524	3.51	2	0
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus	2.46	2	0
endothelin 1, ala(1,3,11,15)- endothelin 1, Ala(1,3,11,15)-: alanyl residues substituted for cysteinyl in endothelin-1; RN given refers to (all-L)-isomer; has been used as a radioligand, highly selective for ET(B) receptor	2.39	2	0
thrombin receptor peptide (42-55) thrombin receptor peptide (42-55): tethered ligand exposed by cleavage of platelet thrombin receptor by thrombin, activates platelets and induces platelet activation; amino acid sequence given in first source; do not confuse with other TRAP (CD40L, MtrB, TRAP protocol, or thrombospondin related anonymous protein)	4.75	7	1
humanin humanin: suppresses neuronal cell death induced by the Swedish mutant of amyloid precursor protein; suppresses neuronal cell death induced by three different types of FAD genes and amyloid beta; amino acid sequence in first source	2.01	1	0
nociceptin [no description available]	2.71	3	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
protegrin-1 protegrin-1: GenBank X84094	2.94	4	0
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.17	1	0
pyx 2 PYX 2: neuropeptide Y receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
fibrinopeptide b Fibrinopeptide B: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.	3.35	7	0
somatostatin, trp(8)-cys(14)- [no description available]	2.65	3	0
omega-conotoxin (conus magus) Conus magus toxin: from marine mollusk Conus magus; 25-27 amino acid peptide; MW 3 kDa	3.23	6	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas	6.58	6	2
(prolyl-hydroxylprolyl-glycine)10 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
pexiganan [no description available]	2.1	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	9.96	47	3
urotensin i urotensin I: stimulates active chloride transport by the skin of marine teleost in contrast to urotensin II which inhibits it; RN given refers to urotensin I with unknown MF; see also record for urotensin II	2	1	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	3.75	11	0
cobrotoxin Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms.	3.08	5	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	20.76	1,072	38	peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges	7.02	1	0
big gastrin big gastrin: isolated from Zollinger-Ellison syndrome gastrinomas & hog antral mucosa; have encountered tetratricontapeptide & nonadecapeptide gastrin; big-big gastrin significantly higher in patients with duodenal ulcers; big gastrin refers gastrin which has a longer peptide chain than the normal heptadecapeptide gastrin	1.98	1	0
anthopleurin-a anthopleurin-A: cardiotonic agent from the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica	1.98	1	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	5.31	13	1
anthopleurin b [no description available]	2.91	4	0
somatostatin-28 prosomatostatin: see also preprosomatostatins: 75037-28-4	9.46	5	1
sauvagine sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues	2.41	2	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	11.27	296	1
heliodermin heliodermin: MW 5,900 peptide with secretin-like properties	1.97	1	0
peptide phi Peptide PHI: A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.	2.89	4	0
sboa protein, bacillus subtilis sboA protein, Bacillus subtilis: 35-amino acid cyclic peptide with three cysteine bridges from Bacillus subtilis 168; peptide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is idential to that from B. subtilis; has bacteriocidal activity against some Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria, some species of Bacillus and E.faecium; GenBank AJ430547	3.01	4	0
teriparatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
pancreastatin pancreastatin: A 49 residue post-translational fragment of chromogranin A that inhibits insulin secretion; amino acid sequence given in first source; the 49-amino acid peptide is from pig; human pancreastatin has 52 amino acids (hCgA 250-310) ; see also record for human pancreastatin	3.08	5	0
ularitide Ularitide: a 32-amino acid peptide derived from (95-126 residues) of ANP PROHORMONE (1-126 residues); not biologically inactivated by a peptidase from dog kidney cortex membranes	1.98	1	0
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	3.85	12	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	3.27	6	0
lactoferricin b lactoferricin B: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.1	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.47	2	0
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	2.93	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
bq 3020 [no description available]	2.69	3	0
cortistatin 14 cortistatin: a cortical neuropeptide; shows strong structural similarity to somatostatin; a neuronal depressant; has sleep-modulating activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.08	1	0
salmon calcitonin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone; polypeptide	bone density conservation agent; metabolite
irl 1620 sovateltide: a potent, specific ligand for the endothelin-B receptor	4.12	16	0
m40 [no description available]	2	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) [no description available]	1.97	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	4.96	9	1
oligonucleotides [no description available]	7.79	59	0
anticodon Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.	5.65	25	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
tritrpticin tritrpticin: a 13-amino acid, tryptophan-rich cationic peptide	2.44	2	0
liraglutide [no description available]	13.38	7	4	lipopeptide; polypeptide	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
ziconotide ziconotide: amino acid sequence in first source; from venom of South Pacific sea cone snail, Conus magus; calcium channel blocker; administered by injection into Cerebrospinal Fluid; Prialt is synthetic form. omega-conotoxin MVIIA : A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-20 and 15-25. A neuronal N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker in mammalian and amphibian brain, it blocks release of GABA and glutamate at neuronal synapses. Used as a probe for calcium channel receptors, it is selective for different receptor subtypes. A synthetic form, named ziconotide, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.	2	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	12.69	52	9
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
hirudin [no description available]	2.4	2	0
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	6.03	3	3
apidaecin ib apidaecin: isolated from lymph fluid of honeybee; amino acid sequence given in first source; not antibiotic, since it does not come from microorganism	7.47	2	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide (10-28) vasoactive intestinal peptide (10-28): inhibits VIP stimulation of adenylate cyclase	2.91	4	0
conantokin-t conantokin-T: from cone snail Conus tulipa; a 21-amino acid peptide which induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice; has N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	14.77	147	24
exenatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
gastrin 17 gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	1.98	1	0	gastrin	antineoplastic agent
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	3.09	5	0
exendin (9-39) exendin (9-39): a peptide from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum; inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced cAMP production; its structure is related to exendin-4	3.34	2	0
pr 39 PR 39: antibacterial peptide from pig intestine; MW 4.719 kDa; contains 39 amino acid residues; has high activity against E coli & Bacillus megaterium; amino acid sequence given in first source. PR-39 : A 39 amino acid porcine cathelicidin that is rich in proline and arginine residues. It plays a pivotal role in the innate immune defence of the pig against infections and exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.	2.93	4	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	2.89	4	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	9.23	57	2	glycoside
quinine sulfate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrate
quercetin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ceftiofur ceftiofur: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	14.92	126	12
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	5.55	68	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	1.99	1	0
aspartic acid beta-naphthylamide N-(alpha-L-aspartyl)-2-naphthylamine : An L-aspartic acid derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	1.97	1	0	amino acid amide; L-aspartic acid derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
rv 538, (r-(r,r))-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
amikacin [no description available]	2.25	1	0
vanchrobactin vanchrobactin: from Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2. vanchrobactin : A catechol-type natural product that is composed of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, D-arginine and L-serine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is a siderophore synthesized by the bacterial fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum.	2.05	1	0	catechols; dipeptide; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol; triol	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; siderophore
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	4.56	25	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	2	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate 4-aminophenylmercuriacetate: covalently linked to agarose for purification of FAD & COA with chromatography	2	1	0
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	6.3	4	2	organotin acaricide
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	2.89	4	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
3-(3-(4-((pyridin-2-yloxy)methyl)benzyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-amine APX001A: has antifungal activity; structure in first source	4.9	1	1
nsc 23766 NSC 23766 trihydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of NSC 23766 with 3 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. An inhibitor of the signalling G-protein known as RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1).. Rac1 inhibitor : Any inhibitor of Rac1.	2.04	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.6.5.2 (small monomeric GTPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	6.98	1	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.95	4	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	3.74	2	1	organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	2.03	1	0
valproate sodium Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	geroprotector
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	11.55	34	4
argpyrimidine argpyrimidine: structure given in first source. argpyrimidine : A member of the class of hydroxypyrimidines obtained by cyclocondensation of L-arginine and methylglyoxal; a methyl glyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-product (AGE) in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and human cancers.	9.74	11	0	hydroxypyrimidine; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	epitope
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.	1.98	1	0
ono ae 248 ONO AE 248: structure in first source	2	1	0
tryptophyl-histidine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
astacin astacin: a zinc-endopeptidase from the crayfish Astacus astacus & Hydra vulgaris; releases nitroaniline from succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-alanyl-4-nitroanilide (Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA); acts on peptides containing 5 or more amino acids, preferably with ALA in P1' and Pro in P2'. astacene : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing four oxo substituents at positions 2, 2', 4 and 4'.	2.01	1	0	carotenone
bluensomycin bluensomycin: differs from dihydrostreptomycin only in absence of guanidino group; structure	1.95	1	0	amino sugar
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	10.86	22	1
sodium cyanoborohydride sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides	1.99	1	0
arphamenine a arphamenine A: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source	2.39	2	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.91	4	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
cefotiam hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	1.98	1	0
xylitol 5-phosphate xylitol 5-phosphate(2-) : Dianion of xylitol 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.	1.97	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion
guanidine isothiocyanate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.	2.64	3	0
chitosan [no description available]	6.86	76	0
perylenequinone perylenequinone: structure in first source	7.41	1	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	2.11	1	0
aminoarabinose [no description available]	2.13	1	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2	1	0
n(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine: from Streptococcus lactis; RN given is for the L isomer. N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine : A L-lysine derivative formed during the reaction between methylglyoxal and protein. CEL is a homologue of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end-product that is formed on reaction of glyoxal or glycolaldehyde with protein and on oxidative cleavage of fructoselysine, the Amadori adduct formed on glycation of protein by glucose.	4.56	9	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	6.05	37	0
butaclamol Butaclamol: A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.	1.99	1	0
arginine butyrate arginine butyrate: protects against lethal effect of encelphalomyocarditis virus in mice; also used to administer butyrate to stimulate globin gene expression in beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia	12.37	44	4
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	4.21	5	0	organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
u 63557a [no description available]	2.03	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	7.55	43	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
rs 5186 RS 5186: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.39	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0	bile salt
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	3.97	3	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
cefmetazole sodium cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	antimicrobial agent
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium iothalamate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
methicillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate [no description available]	3.77	3	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	10.17	34	1	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
amphotericin b, deoxycholate drug combination [no description available]	2	1	0
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0
penicillin g sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
lactisole lactisole: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
cefamandole nafate cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
fusidate sodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.83	3	0
cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin; organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrate
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	4.01	14	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.44	2	0
phenytoin sodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cr 1409 lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium.	2.03	1	0
azlocillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt	2.93	4	0
sodium scymnol sulfate scymnol sulfate ester: from gall bladder of Rhizoprionodon acutus; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	2.64	3	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	3.47	2	0
cgp 31362 CGP 31362: a synthetic analog of a lipoprotein fragment from the outer wall of gram negative bacteria; RN given refers to the Na-salt; RN for parent compound not available 5/91	1.98	1	0
cortisol succinate, sodium salt hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt	2.4	2	0	organic molecular entity
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.39	2	0
thiostrepton Thiostrepton: One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.. thiostrepton : A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent.	2.77	3	0
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.4	2	0
arenaemycin e arenaemycin E: from Streptomyces species; arenaemycin C is the chlorhydrin of the parent cpd, arenaemycin D is the diol & arenaemycin E is the epoxide; structure. pentalenolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is isolated from several Streptomyces species and exhibits antibiotic activity.	2.13	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone; spiro-epoxide	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.2.1.12 [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)] inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate : A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 4-position.	2.72	3	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	10.57	70	1	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.	2.55	2	0	UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	3.95	13	0
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record	3.27	6	0	C-nitro compound; spiroketal	antagonist
insulin, isophane Insulin, Isophane: An intermediate-acting INSULIN preparation with onset time of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours. It is produced by crystallizing ZINC-insulin-PROTAMINES at neutral pH 7. Thus it is called neutral protamine Hagedorn for inventor Hans Christian Hagedorn.	1.98	1	0
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	9.11	4	0
1229u91 1229U91: a selective neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.7	10	0
albiflorin albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; gamma-lactone; monoterpene glycoside; secondary alcohol	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
antroquinonol d antroquinonol: isolated from Antrodia camphorata. antroquinonol : An enone that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, a methyl group at position 6 and a (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R,6R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the solid-state fermented mycelium of the fungus Antrodia camphorata and has been found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines. However, a synthesis-enabled biological re-examination published in 2016, revealed minimal in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity in preclinical models.	2.17	1	0	enol ether; enone; secondary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite
clomiphene citrate phosphomannan : A polymannosidic phosphodiester in which one secondary phosphoryl is linked as mannose 6-phosphate and the other as alpha-hemiacetal phosphate.	2.02	1	0
sb 290157 SB 290157: an anaphylatoxin C3a receptor antagonist; structure in first source	6.94	36	0
pervanadate pervanadate: from a mixture of orthovanadate and hydrogen peroxide	1.99	1	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	12.55	17	1
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.01	1	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	14.48	50	7
atb-346 2-(6-methoxy-napthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid 4-thiocarbamoyl-phenyl ester: NSAIDs; structure in first source	7.13	1	0
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.	3.21	1	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	3.23	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
rimorphin rimorphin: tridecapeptide NH2-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr-COOH from bovine posterior pituitary gland; major leucine enkephalin containing peptide in tissue that contains dynorphin & alpha-neo-endorphin	1.98	1	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.02	1	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	5.61	24	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
nonaarginine [no description available]	2.96	4	0
bam 12p BAM 12P: Pro-Met-enkephalin precursor; isolated from bovine adrenal medulla; dodecapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Arg-Val-Gly-Arg-Pro-Glu	1.99	1	0
substance p, phe(5)-trp(7,9)-leu(11)- substance P, Phe(5)-Trp(7,9)-Leu(11)-: substance P antagonist; bombesin antagonist	2.03	1	0
fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.	5.84	23	1
apelin-13 peptide apelin-13 peptide: amino acid sequence in first source. apelin-13 : A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis.	3.17	5	0	oligopeptide	antihypertensive agent; autophagy inhibitor; biomarker; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
substance p, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)- substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-: substance P antagonist	1.98	1	0
compstatin compstatin: binds to complement 3; amino acid sequence in first source	3.83	3	0
corazonin protein, insect corazonin protein, insect: cardioactive peptide; isolated from a variety of insects	2.01	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor (4-23)nh2, de-gln(18)-de-ser(19)-de-gly(20,22)-de-leu(21)- [no description available]	1.98	1	0
conotoxin gi conotoxin GI: highly toxic; from venom of marine snail Conus geographus; amino acid sequence given in first source	6.99	1	0
jnj-31020028 [no description available]	2.49	2	0
mannans [no description available]	7.8	12	3
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	3.5	8	0
taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate taurolithocholic acid sulfate(2-) : A steroid sulfate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of both sulfo groups of taurolithocholic acid sulfate; major species at pH 7.3.	2.13	1	0	steroid sulfate oxoanion	human metabolite
guanidinosuccinic acid guanidinosuccinic acid: a metabolite in uremia; metabolic product of amino acid metabolism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-amidino-L-aspartate(1-) : Conjugate base of N-amidino-L-aspartate arising from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3.	13.36	23	2	L-alpha-amino acid anion
s-ethylcysteine S-ethylcysteine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. S-ethyl-L-cysteine zwitterion : A S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of S-ethyl-L-cysteine; major species at pH 7.3.	2.04	1	0	S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion; S-alkyl-L-cysteine	antitubercular agent
2-ketoarginine 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoic acid zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoic acid.	8.15	5	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
8-iso-prostaglandin a2 8-isoprostaglandin A2: a cyclopentenone isoprostane	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
4'-geranyloxyferulic acid 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid: a colon cancer chemopreventive agent isolated from grapefruit skin; structure in first source	7.21	1	0
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.	2.04	1	0	11,12-EET	human xenobiotic metabolite
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	5.19	16	0
lysophosphatidylserine lysophosphatidylserine: stimulates histamine secretion from isolated mast cells in mouse plasma. lysophosphatidylserine : An acylglycerophosphoserine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylserine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl. Formula C7H13NO9PR, where R represents the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acyl group.. 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerophosphoserine in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl).	2.01	1	0	1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine
4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl acetic acid (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.4	2	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
plx4032 [no description available]	3.46	2	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.	2.38	2	0	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
cytochromes c1 Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)	2	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	4.09	15	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	8.4	93	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	13.46	43	1
no. 407 No. 407: RN in Chemline for preparation 407: 60267-56-3; structure in first source	1.95	1	0
dabrafenib [no description available]	3.4	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
muraymycin d2 muraymycin D2: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	zwitterion	antimicrobial agent
mephedrone mephedrone: a beta-keto (bk) designer drug; Central Nervous System Stimulants. mephedrone : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes.	3.01	2	0	amphetamines; aromatic ketone; secondary amino compound	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.38	2	0
hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.	2.68	3	0
fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.	1.98	1	0
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.	2.67	3	0	organophosphate oxoanion
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	7.17	12	3
adp-ribosylarginine ADP-ribosylarginine: RN given refers to (L-Arg-D-ribofuranosyl)-isomer	7.9	4	0	L-arginine derivative	EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
alpha-tocotrienol quinone alpha-tocotrienol quinone: reverses visual loss due to retinal ganglion degeneration	3.18	1	0
gsk299423 GSK299423: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
amg-837 AMG-837: GPR40 agonist	2.07	1	0
ptilomycalin a ptilomycalin A: a polycyclic guanidine alkaloid from the marine sponge Ptilocaulis spiculifer; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
staphyloferrin a staphyloferrin A: from Staphylococcus hyicus DSM 20459; structure given in first source; has siderophore activity. staphyloferrin A : A D-ornithine derivative obtained by formal condensation of the terminal carboxy groups of two citric acid units with the two amino groups of D-ornithine.	7.05	1	0	D-ornithine derivative; pentacarboxylic acid; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid amide	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
uridine diphosphate n-acetylgalactosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine(2-) : Dianion of UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine : A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.	2.74	3	0	nucleotide-sugar oxoanion	human metabolite
diphthamide [no description available]	3.79	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	3.49	8	0
8,9-dihydrobarettin 8,9-dihydrobarettin: from sponge Geodia barretti; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	10.82	23	1
isoquercitrin [no description available]	4.84	2	1
eliglustat tartrate agalsidase beta: recombinant protein for treatment of Fabry disease. eliglustat tartrate : A tartrate that is the hemitartrate salt of eliglustat. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.	4.06	2	0	tartrate salt	EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
di-4-aneppdhq di-4-ANEPPDHQ: a commercially available voltage-sensitive dye used for probing live primary and immortalized neurons; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.	3.3	6	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
3-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-(4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylurea infigratinib: structure in first source. BGJ-398 : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, while the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 6-{[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a potent and selective fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor.	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	7.48	121	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	11.63	46	3	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	16.26	353	9
leukotoxin leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate	2.39	2	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	7.87	4	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	13.56	67	1
tuftsin Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.	5.28	10	0	peptide
neuromedin b neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord	1.98	1	0
glutarylcarnitine glutarylcarnitine: found in glutaric aciduria type 1	3.62	2	0	O-acylcarnitine
2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucopyranose [no description available]	2.02	1	0
ethyl lysine ethyl lysine: at high concentration, acetaldehyde itself may reduce the Schiff bases formed in the reaction of a second molecule of acetaldehyde with amino groups in the protein	2.04	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	17.72	177	28	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
raltegravir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	3.48	8	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	12.79	23	1
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	3.05	5	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	4.31	6	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	4.26	5	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	6.52	18	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
nedocromil 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: structure in first source. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate : A dihydroxybenzoate having the two hydroxy groups located at the 3- and 4-positions.	2.08	1	0	dihydroxybenzoate
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	4.31	6	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	4.75	9	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	4.79	7	1	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
lfm a13 LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; dibromobenzene; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	4.56	7	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.76	3	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-epianhydrotetracycline 4-epianhydrotetracycline: impurity in pahrmaceutical preparations of tetracycline; RN refers to (4S-(4alpha,4aalpha,12aalpha))-isomer	2.21	1	0
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	17.7	110	5	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
tenuazonic acid Tenuazonic Acid: 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.. tenuazonic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 5-(butan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione carrying an additional acetyl group at position 3. A mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi.	2.13	1	0
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	3.49	2	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	4.79	7	1	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.13	1	0
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil	2.46	2	0
l 701324 L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	quinolines
antimycin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.05	1	0
sudoxicam sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)	2.05	1	0
teriflunomide [no description available]	4.9	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
methacycline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
hispidin hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).	2.03	1	0	2-pyranones; catechols	antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0
demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.74	3	0
tigecycline [no description available]	3.23	1	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-hydroxymuconic acid 2-hydroxymuconic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxymuconic acid : A hexadienedioic acid compound having a 2-hydroxy substituent and with configuration (2Z,4E).	2.02	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; hexadienedioic acid
potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate: RN given refers to the potassium salt	2.01	1	0
indapamide, perindopril drug combination indapamide, perindopril drug combination: an antihypertensive	2.17	1	0
dorzolamide-timolol combination dorzolamide-timolol combination: for glaucoma/ocular hypertensive patients; a fixed combination of timolol (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists) and dorzolamide (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)	2.45	2	0
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2.01	1	0
snx 230 omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.45	2	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	4.89	35	0
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	4.43	19	0	peptide
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	2.9	4	0
calca protein, human CALCA protein, human: RefSeq NM_001741	2.03	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	4.44	23	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.89	3	0
brevetoxin brevetoxin: from Ptychodiscus brevis	2.01	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-phe(6)-leu(17)- vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-: VIP receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	4.25	18	0
bismuth oxybromide bismuth oxybromide: bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoplate microspheres were used to remove NO in indoor air under visible light irradiation	4.9	1	1
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	9.44	101	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	6.7	5	2
cyanophycin [no description available]	4.48	22	0
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	2.7	3	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
bms 193885 BMS 193885: a neuropeptide YY1 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.69	3	0	ketal
cyclosporine 3'-ketolactose : A keto-disaccharide that is beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 of the galactosyl moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.	1.95	1	0	keto-disaccharide	mouse metabolite
somatostatin 25 somatostatin 25: extracted from ovine hypothalamus; more potent inhibitor of in vitro growth hormone secretion than somatostatin-14	1.98	1	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.11	1	0
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.15	1	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.5	2	0
globotriaosylceramide globotriaosylceramide: receptor for Shigella. alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide : A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base.	2.02	1	0
aquacobalamin [no description available]	2.11	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thymic factor, circulating Thymic Factor, Circulating: A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.	4	4	0
kiss1 protein, human Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.	3.64	8	0
neuropeptide y (18-36) neuropeptide Y (18-36): amino acid sequence given in first source	2.02	1	0
fti 277 FTI 277: a ras CAAX (C - Cys; A - aliphatic amino acid; X - Ser or Met) peptidomimetic; inhibits farnesyltransferase; blocks Ras oncogenic signaling by accumulating Ras/Raf complexes in the cytoplasm; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
g 4120 G 4120: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
platonin platonin: RN given refers to diiodide; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
rome Rome: The capital city of Italy.. (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor.	8.43	1	1	2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine having 3-hydroxyisovaleryl as the acyl substituent.	2.13	1	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
lumacaftor, ivacaftor drug combination Orkambi : A two-drug mixture consisting of lumacaftor and ivacaftor, which is used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.	2.21	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	9.43	23	0
per977 PER977: a factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source	13.1	44	3
rta 408 omaveloxolone: has both anti-inflammatory and radiation protective activities	3.25	1	0
o-acetyl-adp-ribose O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose: An acetyl ester of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE formed during NAD-dependent deacetylation of proteins by SIRTUINS. The acetate group resides on the ribose ring where nicotinamide was cleaved from NAD during the reaction. Several isomers of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose have been isolated from the reaction.. 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose : A nucleotide-sugar having ADP as the nucleotide fragment and 2-O-acetyl-D-ribofuranos-5-yl as the sugar component.	3.51	1	0	nucleotide-sugar
cobra cardiotoxin proteins Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.	2.4	2	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	23.02	219	7
2',3'-(o-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate 2',3'-(O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
glutaminase [no description available]	5.89	19	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.85	11	0
astressin b [no description available]	2.5	2	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	7.21	1	0
lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.	1.98	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	11.39	236	2
fertinex [no description available]	3.23	1	0
thearubigin thearubigin: from black tea leaves; a catechin oxidized product; a mixture of heterogenous polyphenols	7.17	1	0
mancozeb dithane M-45: coordination product of zinc ion & manganese ethylene bis dithiocarbamate	1.97	1	0
gamma2-msh gamma2-MSH: The 11-residue peptide that is without amidation.	2.42	2	0
histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine: major cross-link of skin collagen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	1.99	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	4.15	5	0
scorpion toxin i, androctonus scorpion toxin I, Androctonus: from Androdoctonus australis Hector	1.97	1	0
morin-5'-sulfonic acid morin-5'-sulfonic acid: an antioxidant	2.08	1	0
illite [no description available]	1.99	1	0
tetracarboxyphenylporphine [no description available]	2.15	1	0
asbestos, crocidolite Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.	2.39	2	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	7.15	1	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
dafachronic acid dafachronic acid: structure in first source. (5alpha)-3-oxocholestan-26-oic acid : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholestan-26-oic acid in which the hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by an oxo group.	2.07	1	0	3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; cholestanoid; dafachronic acids
chrysopine chrysopine: an opine-like molecule from plant galls; d-lactone of N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine. chrysopine : A spiroketal and delta-lactone resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-glutamine with the anomeric hydroxy group of D-fructose and substitution of the 1-hydroxy group of the fructose by the alpha-amino group of the glutamine. It is found in crown gall tumours induced in chrysanthemums by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.	1.98	1	0	amino acid opine; carboxamide; delta-lactone; secondary amino compound; spiroketal; triol	plant metabolite
teixobactin teixobactin: isolated from an Aquabacteria soil bacterium. teixobactin : A cyclodepsipeptide that is isolated from the previously unculturable bacterial species Eleftheria terrae and is active against gram-positive bacteria.	2.11	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle; peptide antibiotic	antibacterial agent
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.05	1	0
gamma-glutamylfelinylglycine gamma-glutamylfelinylglycine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	5.17	48	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	3.77	10	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	2.01	1	0
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	4.51	24	0
indolicidin [no description available]	2.17	1	0
neuropeptide y, leu(31)-pro(34)- neuropeptide Y, Leu(31)-Pro(34)-: specific Y1 receptor agonist	4.54	24	0
peptide yy peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source	4.1	15	0
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.	2.95	4	0
conantokin r conantokin R: isolated from Conus radiatus; amino acid sequence in first source	2	1	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	5.54	22	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
amikacin (R)-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine : An O-hydroxybutyryl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as 3-hydroxybutyryl.	2.06	1	0	hydroxy-fatty acyl-L-carnitine; O-hydroxybutyryl-L-carnitine
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	2.43	2	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	3.97	14	0
alpha-cobratoxin alpha-cobratoxin: fron Naja nigricollis	2.38	2	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	10.92	19	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-28): binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide fragments to glycosaminoglycan is pH-dependent	2	1	0
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.	2.44	2	0
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	3.49	8	0
lipofectamine Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent	2.77	3	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.5	2	0
sta 2 STA 2: thromboxane A2 agonist; structure given in first source	2.68	3	0
carboxyatractyloside carboxyatractyloside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0
d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin: A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.	2.37	2	0
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.4	2	0
neferine neferine: isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn	7.46	2	0
gibberellins [no description available]	3.23	6	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	3.31	5	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.08	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	11.99	56	9
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.78	3	0
refludan lepirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.	15.14	101	3
ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate: RN given refers to unspecified NH4-Fe(+3) salt. ferric ammonium citrate : A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia.	2.01	1	0
insulin glargine Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.	5.91	3	1
ecallantide ecallantide: an NSAID and analgesic	2.77	3	0
roussin's black salt Roussin's Black Salt: structure given in first source; a nitric oxide generator	1.98	1	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	2.03	1	0
sermorelin Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH).	2.4	2	0
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	8.76	20	2
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	3.09	5	0
as 1411 AGRO 100: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation; base sequence in first source	2.03	1	0
phoratoxin protein, phoradendron tomentosum phoratoxin protein, Phoradendron tomentosum: small basic protein (46 amino acids) from mistletoe Phoradendron tomentosum subsp. macrophyllum (Loranthaceae); has toxic properties; RN given refers to the reduced form	1.96	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	11.1	88	5
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	6.9	29	0
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	9.41	4	1
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	2.95	4	0
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.	2	1	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	10.46	62	2
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	6.06	22	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	2.42	2	0
danoprevir [no description available]	2.07	1	0
crambin protein, crambe abyssinica crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica: 44 amino acid, molecular weight 5000, water-insoluble protein found in the seed of the plant Crambe abyssinica	2.05	1	0
cmti-iii protein, cucurbita maxima CMTI protein, Cucurbita maxima: amino acid sequence given in first source	3.08	5	0
major coat protein, pseudomonas phage pf3 major coat protein, Pseudomonas phage Pf3: aa sequence given in first source	2	1	0
peptide t Peptide T: N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It is potentially useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.	2.44	2	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	4.17	5	0
6-nitronorepinephrine 6-nitronorepinephrine: inhibits catechol O-methyltransferase; structure in first source	2.4	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	3.14	5	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	4.64	6	1
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	14.3	84	2
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	8.37	133	0
ribosomal protein l7-l12 [no description available]	2.67	3	0
rhamnogalacturonan i rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages.	2.21	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	3.91	12	0
amyloid beta-peptides [no description available]	2.06	1	0
lutetium lu 177 dotatate 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate: an somatostatin receptor agonist	2.31	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	13.51	64	1
somatostatin, trp(8)- [no description available]	1.95	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.68	3	0
angiogenin angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400	3.25	6	0
protopanaxatriol protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	1.98	1	0
neuropeptide y (13-36) [no description available]	4.03	14	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.85	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	2.94	4	0	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate: mutagenic nucleotide; hydrolyzed by 8-oxodGTPase to 8-oxodGMP. 8-oxo-dGTP : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	mutagen
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	20.29	1,091	37	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase	10.24	19	0	sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	12.99	21	2	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.69	3	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.42	2	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7,8-dihydroneopterin 7,8-dihydroneopterin: an antioxidant. 7,8-dihydroneopterin : A neopterin where positions C-7 and C-8 have been hydrogenated.	2.31	1	0	dihydropterin; neopterins	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrofolate dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.	1.96	1	0	dihydrofolic acids	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.91	36	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.	2.44	2	0	GDP-D-mannose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
guanosine pentaphosphate Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.	2.04	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	5.63	24	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	5.93	101	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	9.54	107	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	11.07	23	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.	3.69	10	0	guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	6.43	16	1	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.68	3	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	5.18	11	1	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	2.92	4	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine diphosphate Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.68	3	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	16.21	235	3	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	15.11	106	16	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
cyclic imp Cyclic IMP: Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 3',5'-cyclic IMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.	1.99	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate	mammalian metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
viomycin [no description available]	3.67	10	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide antibiotic	antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	4.56	25	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7,8-dihydrobiopterin 7,8-dihydrobiopterin: RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. 7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A dihydropterin that is biopterin dihydrogenated at positions 7 and 8.. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.	4.81	10	0	7,8-dihydrobiopterin
isoxanthopterin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dihydroxypteridine
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-methanopterin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	tetrahydromethanopterin
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.98	4	0
neopterin [no description available]	7.59	16	1
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	6.53	38	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	5.06	7	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	5.01	7	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	5.17	5	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	9.1	11	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	3.59	2	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	4.6	4	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.91	4	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	9.76	31	0	triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.44	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer	2	1	0	benzamides; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	3.23	1	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-alpha)pyrazin-3-one 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-alpha)pyrazin-3-one: cypridina luciferin analog	2	1	0
2-aminopurine dioxolane (4-2-aminopurin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	11.52	74	5	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
noc 7 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels	2.41	2	0
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	3.62	9	0
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	1.94	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor [no description available]	3.86	3	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	3.59	2	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	4.29	7	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifapentine rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin	3.23	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-iminopiperazine; rifamycins	antitubercular agent; leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
guanosine 5'-monophosphorothioate guanosine 5'-monophosphorothioate: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
diazeniumdiolate diazeniumdiolate: a class of nitric oxide (NO) donors; structure in first source. 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two ethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	2.06	1	0
8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source	2.72	3	0	purine nucleoside
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate [no description available]	3.1	1	0
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.69	10	0	hydroxypyrimidine
noc 18 NOC 18: releases nitric oxide; structure in first source	4.8	10	0
alanosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
omega-n-allylarginine omega-N-allylarginine: inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	3.23	1	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.69	3	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	4.09	4	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
cytarabine Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins.	2.7	3	0	GDP-fucose
pcf 39 PCF 39: structure given in first source	5.38	19	0
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	16.69	72	4	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; phosphoramide; triazoles	antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; prodrug
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	6	4	2
rifabutin [no description available]	4.08	4	0
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.93	4	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
6-hydroxymethylpterin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
amido black Amido Black: A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid form.. Amido Black 10B (acid form) : A bis(azo) compound that is naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3, 4, 5, and 6 are replaced by (p-nitrophenyl)azo, amino, hydroxy, and phenylazo groups, respectively. A biological stain, it can be used interchangeably with its disodium salt, Amido Black 10B.	1.98	1	0
quazinone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	7.29	99	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
ag-879 AG-879: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	3.2	5	0	oxopurine
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.91	4	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	3.9	13	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid [no description available]	5.11	12	0	cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	immunomodulator; signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	13.05	22	2	guanosines	biomarker
7,8-dihydropterin 7,8-dihydropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd	7.42	2	0	organic molecular entity; pterins
2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2	2.06	1	0
amido black Naphthol Blue Black: commercially available industrial azo dye; structure in first source. Amido Black 10B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Amido Black 10B (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide.	1.94	1	0
remazol black b Remazol black B: RN given refers to the tetrasodium salt. remazole black-GR : A bis(azo) compound with two aryldiazenyl moieties placed at positions 2 and 7 of a multi-substituted naphthalene.	2.05	1	0
6-methyltetrahydropterin [no description available]	2.42	2	0	pterins
coelenterazine coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.	2.1	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.68	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
formycin b formycin B: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.01	1	0	formycin
tetrahydropterin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
dipropylenetriamine-nonoate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	2.01	1	0
5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.	8.85	2	1
mocimycin mocimycin: induces GTPase activity of EF-TU; N-demethyl analog of antibiotic X-5108; structure	1.98	1	0	C-glycosyl compound
volunteers clethodim: structure in first source. clethodim : An oxime O-ether resulting from the formal conversion ot the acyclic keto group of 5-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-propionylcyclohex-2-en-1-one to the corresponding oxime with subsequent O-alkylation of the oxime by an (E)-3-chloroallyl group. It is used as a selective postemergence herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grasses in numerous crops, including alfalfa, celery, clover, conifers, cotton, cranberries, garlic, onions, ornamentals, peanuts, soybeans, strawberries, sugarbeet, sunflowers, and vegetables; the (-)-enantiomer has been reported to be more active than the (+)-enantiomer.	2.07	1	0
ns 309 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime: activates IK and SK calcium-activated channels; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
papa nonoate [no description available]	2.42	2	0	alkylamine
phosphocreatinine phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.41	1	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG	3.24	6	0	(3'->5')-dinucleotide
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.48	2	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
sk&f 96231 2-(2-propoxyphenyl)-6-purinone: selective phosphodiesterase II inhibitor	1.98	1	0
nucleoside q Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.	2.02	1	0	7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
levomefolate calcium levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.23	1	0	organic calcium salt	antidepressant
heme arginate heme arginate: used for treatment of porphyria; induces heme oxygenase	14.34	112	9
glucosepane glucosepane: a protein cross-link; structure in first source	11.83	7	2
anguibactin anguibactin: a peptide biosynthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases; siderophore isolated from Vibrio anguillarum 775 harboring the pJM1 plasmid	2.05	1	0
defibrotide defibrotide: Single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide extracted from mammalian organs and used in the treatment of HEPATIC VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE in patients with kidney or lung abnormalities following HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION	2.9	4	0
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	4.18	17	0
n(delta)-(5-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)ornithine N(delta)-(5-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)ornithine: RN given for (L)-isomer; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
8-oxoguanosine 2'-phosphate [no description available]	2.42	2	0
molybdenum cofactor molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.	2.94	4	0	Mo-molybdopterin cofactor; organophosphate oxoanion
streptothricin f streptothricin F: streptothricin group of antibiotics; see also racemomycins: 11006-72-7, streptothricin E for racemomycin C: 3776-38-3, yazumycin: 11051-45-9; structure. streptothricin F : A streptothricin in which the peptide side-chain consists of a single unit of beta-lysine.. streptothricin F(3+) : A primary aliphatic ammonium ion which is obtained from streptothricin F by protonation of the guanidino and amino groups.	2.01	1	0	guanidinium ion; primary aliphatic ammonium ion	antimicrobial agent
tuberactinomycin [no description available]	2.01	1	0
3'-(methylanthraniloyl)-2'-deoxy-guanosine diphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	8.39	7	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	2.67	3	0
eye [no description available]	7.74	20	3
swinholide a swinholide A: from Okinawan marine sponge Theonella swinhoei; structure given in first source	2	1	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	5.99	5	2
scorbamic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0
lacticin 481 lacticin 481: amino acid sequence given in first source; a lantibiotic; GenBank X71410 (L. lactis)	2.03	1	0
prolyl-glycyl-proline [no description available]	2.17	1	0	peptide
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	1.95	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides [no description available]	2.47	2	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	6.4	54	0
nisin z nisin Z: amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from nisin in a single amino acid	2.51	2	0
chlorotoxin [no description available]	7.8	3	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	6.85	37	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	8.39	7	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	3.1	5	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	5.81	37	0
thrombin aptamer thrombin aptamer: nucleotide sequence given in first source; a synthetic polynucleotide	4.04	2	0
octaarginine octaarginine: structure in first source	3.46	7	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	7.71	3	0
rada16-i RADA16-I: a self-assembling peptide nanomaterial used as a scaffold for bone regeneration; composed of alanine, arginine, and aspartic acid	2.05	1	0
temporin temporin: isolated from frogs Rana temporaria & R. clamitans; has many isoforms; amino acid sequence in first source	2.78	3	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	10.86	59	4
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	4.18	5	0
tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation	2.68	3	0
pneumocandin b(0) pneumocandin B(0): structure given in first source; isolated from Zalerion arboricola	2	1	0
somatomedin b somatomedin B: not the same as sulfation factor it is growth hormone dependent and has trypsin inhibitor activity; see also record for somatomedin A	2.44	2	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	2.02	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	4.1	16	0
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.07	1	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	3.37	1	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	1.97	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
catechol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.9	4	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	4.85	2	1	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cytosine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.39	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
glycine [no description available]	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	4.05	3	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.13	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	1.98	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	1.99	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	3.35	1	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	2.39	2	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
spermine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	1.95	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	1.99	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	1.97	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.38	2	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.97	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
phenytoin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	5.17	4	3	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	10.06	70	2	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	2	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	1.97	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.67	3	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
caffeine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.59	9	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	12.11	44	13	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	4.87	2	1	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	1.97	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	1.97	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	3.37	1	1	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciclopirox [no description available]	1.99	1	0	cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone	antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	1.95	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	1.97	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	1.99	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.66	3	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.02	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
sarcosine dithiocarbamate sarcosine dithiocarbamate: protects against toxicity of alkylating agents	1.97	1	0
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.68	3	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	1.98	1	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.77	21	3	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	1.96	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.07	1	0
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.39	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	3.08	5	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydroxyurea [no description available]	5.71	11	2	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ifosfamide [no description available]	11.91	25	6	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
iodoacetamide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
mimosine Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.	2.39	2	0	alpha-amino acid
lomustine [no description available]	10.35	43	13	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	3.37	1	1	benzodiazepine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	5.17	6	2	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
nocodazole [no description available]	2.4	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.41	2	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	1.98	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	8.9	21	2	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
nalidixic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	1.97	1	0
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nitidine nitidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym NSC 146397 refers to chloride; structure	2.01	1	0	phenanthridines
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.03	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	1.98	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.38	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	9.73	23	9	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
aurin aurin: structure	2	1	0	diarylmethane
semustine Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.	5.36	4	1	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.37	2	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
tegafur [no description available]	3.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temozolomide [no description available]	5.65	5	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.1	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	8.87	13	5	aziridines
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	1.96	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	1.98	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	6.67	10	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	9.33	24	8	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	3.07	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	1.95	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	1.95	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	15.35	89	33	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	1.97	1	0
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	1.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	4.85	2	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	1.97	1	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	3.06	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	1.98	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2.66	3	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.43	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.38	2	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.08	5	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.37	2	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	1.96	1	0
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.35	7	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	3.48	8	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.39	2	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	3.35	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	1.95	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	3.37	1	1	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	15.63	109	23	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	3.06	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cordycepin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	6.94	6	3	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	3.47	2	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.01	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.13	1	0	xanthene
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.38	2	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	1.97	1	0	D-aldohexose derivative
potassium cyanide [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	1.98	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	1.99	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.42	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.1	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
5-fluorouridine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	organofluorine compound; uridines	mutagen
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	4.83	4	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.39	2	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.03	1	0
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	1.98	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	16.46	261	39	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	3.06	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.13	1	0	phenoxazine
galactitol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	1.98	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
porfiromycin Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.	2.37	2	0
5-aminouracil [no description available]	1.97	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	5.3	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.08	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	1.98	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
ethoglucid Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.	4.6	3	0	epoxide
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	5.24	4	1	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.36	2	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	1.99	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2	1	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	9.58	66	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	1.97	1	0
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	1.99	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	3.05	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
coformycin [no description available]	2.37	2	0	coformycins	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.	2.39	2	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.39	2	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	11.13	37	8	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.	5.09	8	0	N-alkylpiperazine
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	1.98	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
alkenes [no description available]	4.28	4	1
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	1.97	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	1.98	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.38	2	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
prednimustine Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.	1.97	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
vidarabine phosphate Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.	1.97	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	9.95	22	6	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	16.31	228	18	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	7.55	16	1	aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
vindesine Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).	6.48	8	1	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	7.53	9	3	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.	3.48	2	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
elliptinium elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	carbazoles
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	4.35	6	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	1.96	1	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
amonafide xanafide: salt formulation of amonafide; DNA-intercalating agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor	3.37	1	1	isoquinolines
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	1.97	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	3.14	1	0
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	5	7	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	5.3	5	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
irinotecan [no description available]	6.97	7	1	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.98	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
gallium nitrate gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.37	1	1
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	1.99	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.51	2	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	1.97	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	1.98	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
deoxyuridine triphosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.97	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	1.96	1	0	purine nucleoside
trioctyl phosphine oxide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
trofosfamide trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure	2	1	0	ifosfamides
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	3.37	1	1
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.03	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	3.44	1	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	1.97	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.03	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
5-iminodaunorubicin 5-iminodaunorubicin: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	1.99	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
9-hydroxyellipticine 9-hydroxyellipticine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 9-hydroxyellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is ellipticine in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	antineoplastic agent
8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
coumarin 6 coumarin 6: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
fotemustine fotemustine: structure given in first source. fotemustine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fotemustine. It is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma.. diethyl (1-{[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino}ethyl)phosphonate : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is ethyl diethylphosphonate in the hydrogen at position 1 of the ethyl group attached to the phosphorus has been replaced by a [(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino group.	5.22	3	1	N-nitrosoureas; organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound
quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	1.97	1	0
4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide: structure	3.06	1	0
4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-o-anisidide 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-o-anisidide: 30-90 times less potent in killing L1210 cells & 200 times less potent in producing single-strand breaks in DNA than m-AMSA; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.89	4	0
s 9788 S 9788: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin 4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin: lipophilic derivative of doxorubicin which differs from the parent compound in substitution of hydroxyl group on the daunosamine sugar moiety	1.98	1	0	organoiodine compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	1.97	1	0
icrf 193 4,4'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-2,6-piperazinedione: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. ICRF-193 : An N-alkylpiperazine that is butane which is substituted by a 3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl group at positions 2 and 3. The meso isomer.	2.69	3	0
cp 115953 CP 115953: enhances topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.03	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
n-octadecylphosphocholine n-octadecylphosphocholine: substrate analog for phospholipase A2	1.99	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	15.34	86	22	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
terpentecin terpentecin: isolated from strain MF730-N6; active against leukemia L-1210 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma	2.38	2	0	carbocyclic antibiotic; diterpenoid; octahydronaphthalenes; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
a 62176 A 62176: InChIKey: OLNJLTFSGFZCKE-JTQLQIEISA-N	1.98	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.68	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
withangulatin a withangulatin A: a withanolide from Physalis angulata; promotes type II DNA topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage	1.97	1	0	withanolide
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.32	5	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
aclacinomycin aklavin: antibiotic prepared from culture liquids of streptomycete (A 1129); possessing antiphage activity; structure. aclacinomycin T : An anthracycline that is aklavinone having an alpha-L-rhodosaminyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.06	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; polyketide; tertiary alcohol; tetracenequinones; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	3.08	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.37	1	1	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
lenalidomide [no description available]	2.54	2	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
menogaril Menogaril: A semisynthetic anthracycline with the amino sugar on the D ring. It displays broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors.	3.09	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	2.54	2	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.38	2	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	1.99	1	0
carboplatin [no description available]	11.85	30	18
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.03	1	0
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	1.97	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	3.48	2	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	1.98	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	1.97	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.12	1	0
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.39	2	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.4	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.38	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	1.96	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.96	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	3.47	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	6.53	18	3	actinomycin	mutagen
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	3.77	11	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	7.79	18	2	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	1.99	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	1.96	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	2.1	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
glycosides [no description available]	2.13	1	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.67	3	0	isomethyleugenol
azidopine azidopine: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	benzamides
fludarabine [no description available]	5.24	4	1	purine nucleoside
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	10.53	22	5	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	1.96	1	0
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	6.72	10	2	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
5-doxylstearate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aminoxyls
tamoxifen [no description available]	5.14	3	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
didimethylsulfoxide dichloroplatinum(ii) [no description available]	3.76	2	1
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.05	1	0
merbarone merbarone: structure given in first source	3.37	7	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2	1	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bilirubin [no description available]	4.84	4	2	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	1.99	1	0
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.01	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
genistein [no description available]	1.97	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.67	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
maytansine Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.	3.45	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; carbamate ester; epoxide; maytansinoid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organochlorine compound	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
prostaglandin a1 [no description available]	2	1	0	prostaglandins A
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.	3.75	2	1
mitolactol Mitolactol: Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs.	3.76	2	1	alcohol; organobromine compound
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	1.97	1	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	3.14	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.4	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	1.99	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.97	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	4.05	3	1	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2	1	0	alkali metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.97	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	3.37	1	1	boron group element atom
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	1.96	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	2	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
epicinchonine epicinchonine: structure in first source. cinchonine : Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	3.39	1	1	cinchona alkaloid
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	1.97	1	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.41	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
everolimus [no description available]	3.14	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.02	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
fostriecin fostriecin: compound contains a conjugated triene and an unsaturated lactone; from Streptomyces pulveraceus; structure given in second source. fostriecin : A structurally unique, naturally-occurring phosphate monoester isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces pulveraceus. It inhibits DNA topoisomerase II as well as several protein phosphatase including PP2A and PPA4, and exhibits potent antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines.	4.28	4	1	2-pyranones; olefinic compound; phosphate monoester; polyketide; primary allylic alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol; triol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; topoisomerase II inhibitor
edatrexate edatrexate: structure given in first source	3.08	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
etoposide phosphate [no description available]	4.68	3	0	furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.39	2	0	ammonium ion derivative
nk 611 NK 611: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
clerocidin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	1.98	1	0
pirarubicin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
carfilzomib [no description available]	2.1	1	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.39	2	0	benzoxazole
podophyllin Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.	1.95	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	1.95	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.66	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.38	2	0
menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.	1.98	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	3.39	1	1	organosulfonic acid
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	2.07	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
xk 469 XK 469: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
rubusoside rubusoside: from RUBUS. rubusoside : A steviol glycoside that is steviol in which both the carboxy group and the tertiary allylic hydroxy group have been converted to their corresponding beta-D-glucosides. A precious bioactive natural sweetener which mainly exists the in Chinese sweet tea plant, Rubus suavissimus.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; steviol glycoside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite; sweetening agent
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	1.98	1	0
coumermycin coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.	2.37	2	0	aromatic amide; coumarins; glycoside; heteroarenecarboxylate ester; pyrroles	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	4.17	17	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.91	4	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
zhengguangmycin zhengguangmycin: antitumor antibiotic complex consisting of more than 10 components; produced by Streptomyces pingyangensis;	3.4	1	1
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.39	2	0	ketal
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	1.96	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.41	2	0
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	1.97	1	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	1.98	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	6.16	9	4
chromomycins Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.	3.05	1	0
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	7.5	9	3	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	1.97	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.02	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	7.67	11	2	dacarbazine
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.97	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	1.99	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.96	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.05	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	19.21	400	16
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	1	21.21	400	16
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	17.21	265	21
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	0	13.17	67	11
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	15.14	261	10
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	15.14	261	10
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	16.77	28	5
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	1	13.77	28	5
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	7.26	55	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	7.26	55	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	5.57	9	2
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	5.57	9	2
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	3.11	5	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	5.9	40	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	5.9	40	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	19.93	1,156	6
Itching [description not available]	0	4.21	6	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	3.1	5	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	4.21	6	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	5.32	22	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	16.26	138	12
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	1	18.26	138	12
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	21.48	894	41
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	16.34	118	5
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	11.34	118	5
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	15.99	85	22
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	15.99	85	22
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	10.36	83	2
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	0	10.36	83	2
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	0	15.77	14	3
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.76	2	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	15.83	163	29
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1	17.83	163	29
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	6.5	25	2
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	6.5	25	2
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	3.43	7	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	0	4.15	17	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	6.91	25	1
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	5.34	21	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	6.91	25	1
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.34	21	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	0	6.89	13	2
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	9.57	54	9
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	18.97	212	20
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	0	7.27	14	3
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	8.51	15	4
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	8.51	15	4
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	18.97	212	20
Ache [description not available]	0	14.47	129	13
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	1	16.47	129	13
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	0	2.31	1	0
Social Anxiety Disorder [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Phobia, Social Anxiety disorder characterized by the persistent and irrational fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social or performance situations.	0	2.31	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	23.39	862	84
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	14.72	59	12
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	1	25.65	589	46
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	1	25.39	862	84
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	14.72	59	12
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	20.08	426	54
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	23.37	542	91
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	12.96	216	3
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	23.37	542	91
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	12.96	216	3
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	10.06	54	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	22.49	587	109
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	1	24.49	587	109
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	11.65	68	5
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	6.49	24	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	6.49	24	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	7.09	31	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	10.21	41	4
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	15.21	41	4
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	0	3.12	5	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	8.31	30	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	11.33	53	2
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	16.23	142	13
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	8.62	42	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	11.33	53	2
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	21.23	142	13
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	8.62	42	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	8.31	30	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	6.98	23	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	11.98	23	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	15.91	153	9
Equine Diseases [description not available]	0	4.03	14	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	15.91	153	9
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	7.93	33	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	7.93	33	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	12.22	44	10
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	12.22	44	10
Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	16.69	85	47
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	11.06	115	2
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	9.36	47	1
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	7.01	30	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	9.36	47	1
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	7.31	54	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	8.84	28	2
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	2.69	2	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	2.69	2	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	6.77	14	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	1	8.77	14	0
Abortion, Recurrent [description not available]	0	3.74	3	0
Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.	0	3.74	3	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	4.68	28	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	8.08	82	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	6.71	21	1
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	10.85	117	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	8.08	82	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	6.71	21	1
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	10.85	117	1
ARG1 Deficiency [description not available]	0	13.28	84	4
Hyperargininemia A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)	0	13.28	84	4
DDPAC [description not available]	0	5.69	26	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	6.58	30	0
Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.	0	5.69	26	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	13.18	26	14
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	0	10.59	63	3
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	7.62	19	1
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	19.15	396	30
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	7.62	19	1
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	19.15	396	30
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	0	15.59	63	3
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	16.4	90	14
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	1	18.4	90	14
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	16.52	341	3
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	8.07	21	2
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	8.07	21	2
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	2.44	2	0
Leanness [description not available]	0	5.32	13	1
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	8.47	30	3
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	8.47	30	3
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	0	4.51	4	1
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	0	5.27	4	1
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	0	4.51	4	1
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	6.98	22	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	0	6.98	22	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	11.43	116	3
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	11.43	116	3
MELAS [description not available]	0	12.97	49	7
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	17.49	172	20
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	0	3.93	13	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	0	3.93	13	0
MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)	1	14.97	49	7
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	17.49	172	20
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	3.64	8	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	7.27	68	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	10.42	66	4
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	7.27	68	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	10.7	71	1
Infarct, Lacunar [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	0	4.41	8	0
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	0	4.41	8	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	13.43	66	14
Amyoplasia Congenita [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Gyrate Atrophy Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.	0	6.28	13	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	8.82	45	1
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	7.9	34	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	19.96	505	32
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	7.9	34	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	7.38	22	2
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	0	7.51	11	2
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	0	7.51	11	2
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	7.38	22	2
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	9.21	6	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	0	16.71	60	49
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	0	16.71	60	49
Crush Fractures [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	12.17	97	6
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	13.24	126	6
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	1	14.17	97	6
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	13.24	126	6
Preterm Birth [description not available]	0	12.98	24	1
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	0	14.05	97	8
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	10.14	45	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	0	14.05	97	8
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	0	7.98	24	1
G(M2) Gangliosidoses [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Adult Sandhoff Disease [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Amaurotic Familial Idiocy An outdated term for Tay-Sachs disease.	0	2.93	4	0
Sandhoff Disease An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in neurons and other tissues. It is caused by mutation in the common beta subunit of HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Thus this disease is also known as the O variant since both hexosaminidase A and B are missing. Clinically, it is indistinguishable from TAY-SACHS DISEASE.	0	7.7	3	0
Tay-Sachs Disease An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the onset in infancy of an exaggerated startle response, followed by paralysis, dementia, and blindness. It is caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of the HEXOSAMINIDASE A resulting in lipid-laden ganglion cells. It is also known as the B variant (with increased HEXOSAMINIDASE B but absence of hexosaminidase A) and is strongly associated with Ashkenazic Jewish ancestry.	0	7.93	4	0
Gangliosidoses, GM2 A group of recessively inherited diseases characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in the neuronal cells. Subtypes include mutations of enzymes in the BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES system or G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN leading to disruption of normal degradation of GANGLIOSIDES, a subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS.	0	2.49	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	18.53	247	29
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	17.94	145	22
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	1	19.94	145	22
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	18.53	247	29
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	10.75	370	0
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	0	3.75	9	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	5.56	26	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	5.56	26	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	14.66	287	3
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	14.66	287	3
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	5.12	17	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	5.12	17	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	10.63	104	2
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	10.16	53	2
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	1	12.63	104	2
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	1	12.16	53	2
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	20.22	307	40
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	20.22	307	40
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	11.56	68	5
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	1	13.56	68	5
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	9.54	31	2
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.96	3	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	1	11.54	31	2
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	16.99	288	21
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	8.5	38	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	8.5	38	1
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.48	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	18.05	228	16
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	8.74	55	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	8.74	55	1
Impotence [description not available]	0	19.77	72	16
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	0	14.77	72	16
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	15.26	92	26
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	15.26	92	26
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	18.33	383	14
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	6.65	17	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	6.65	17	1
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	0	11.23	21	8
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	0	11.23	21	8
Choked Disk [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available]	0	5.02	6	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	0	2.41	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.	0	5.02	6	0
Arginino Succinase Deficiency [description not available]	0	11.24	57	1
Argininosuccinic Aciduria Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid in body fluids and severe HYPERAMMONEMIA. Clinical features of the neonatal onset of the disorder include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, tachypnea, coma, and death. Later onset results in milder set of clinical features including vomiting, failure to thrive, irritability, behavioral problems, or psychomotor retardation. Mutations in the ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE gene cause the disorder.	1	13.24	57	1
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	13.28	52	13
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	2.74	3	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	13.28	52	13
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	0	5.13	5	2
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	12.19	27	2
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	4.95	38	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	4.95	38	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	12.19	27	2
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	10.25	96	10
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	7.73	36	1
Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	16.79	142	9
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	1	18.79	142	9
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	18.03	217	9
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	18.03	217	9
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	5.72	19	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	5.72	19	1
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	0	7.13	20	1
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	10.85	38	4
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	10.85	38	4
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	6.86	29	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	6.86	29	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	12.07	85	6
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	8.2	55	2
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	12.07	85	6
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	8.2	55	2
Atheroma [description not available]	0	8.05	18	1
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	5.04	9	1
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	5.04	9	1
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	0	3.76	8	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	7.73	32	2
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	0	3.76	8	0
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	0	2.41	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	8.68	40	3
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	8.68	40	3
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	8.42	48	3
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	8.42	48	3
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	3.08	5	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	18.48	274	10
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	18.48	274	10
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	0	3.24	6	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	0	5.99	10	1
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	5.82	12	2
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	5.82	12	2
Argininosuccinate Synthase Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	10.5	27	2
Citrullinemia A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)	0	10.5	27	2
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	0	13.47	66	7
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	0	4.88	7	1
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	0	4.88	7	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1	19.45	206	7
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	13.77	173	10
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	13.77	173	10
Acrania [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	7.73	3	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	15.13	84	17
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	4.08	3	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	1	17.13	84	17
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Borrelia hermsii Infection [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	0	3.17	5	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	8.41	27	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	8.41	27	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	17.2	193	32
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	17.2	193	32
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)	0	7.8	3	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	0	8.23	24	1
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	1	15.23	24	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	16.8	204	41
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	16.8	204	41
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	8.18	46	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	8.18	46	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	10.97	61	5
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	17.09	173	20
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	17.09	173	20
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	13.89	115	9
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	13.89	115	9
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	0	3.03	4	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	0	8.03	4	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	14.01	154	6
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	10.55	90	1
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	17.94	126	18
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	18.62	191	32
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	18.62	191	32
Labor, Premature [description not available]	0	6.58	10	2
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	10.87	161	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	10.87	161	1
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	18.48	214	41
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	18.48	214	41
Bleeding [description not available]	0	16.77	146	15
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	16.77	146	15
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	5.73	13	0
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	0	10.92	29	4
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	0	10.92	29	4
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	9.1	45	2
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	9.1	45	2
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	10.25	8	0
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	4.97	8	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	5.25	8	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	4.45	8	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	7.42	31	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	7.42	31	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	9.26	21	1
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	0	9.26	21	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	6.98	15	2
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	0	6.98	15	2
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	0	2.82	2	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	3.87	12	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	3.76	11	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	3.76	11	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	16.13	133	3
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	1	18.13	133	3
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.23	18	0
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).	0	5.23	18	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	0	10.04	9	1
Polydipsia, Primary [description not available]	0	5.02	2	1
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	0	9.72	51	4
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	6.26	20	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	6.26	20	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	10.14	57	1
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	3.62	9	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	6.36	27	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	0	3.64	8	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	3.21	5	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	0	3.21	5	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	10.91	51	13
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	10.91	51	13
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	4.06	14	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	0	4.06	14	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	7.48	69	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	0	6.34	9	1
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	0	6.34	9	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	11.68	117	2
Cyst [description not available]	0	8.38	7	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.04	5	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	0	4.04	5	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	12.26	151	6
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	12.26	151	6
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	5.86	16	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	5.86	16	0
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	0	2.41	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	17.35	603	31
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	0	2.8	3	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	15.77	87	21
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	6.25	55	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	11.25	55	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	0	3.31	6	0
Acne Inversa [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Hidradenitis Suppurativa A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.	0	2.41	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	13.81	74	13
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	21.1	91	10
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	0	6.71	6	2
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	0	6.71	6	2
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	8.35	25	2
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	8.35	25	2
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	0	2.69	2	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	0	2.41	1	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	0	2.41	1	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	3.21	5	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	14.34	40	20
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	7.39	2	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	3.21	5	0
Aura [description not available]	0	9.16	73	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	9.16	73	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	0	6.09	10	1
Tooth Loss The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.	0	4.22	3	1
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	0	7.23	18	0
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	12.23	18	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	12.36	38	25
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	16.51	43	11
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	7.28	21	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	11.51	43	11
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	14.22	113	11
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	1	16.22	113	11
Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.	0	3.8	1	1
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	5.71	7	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	5.71	7	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	0	8.12	5	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	13.71	36	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.86	12	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	15.28	178	31
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.5	5	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	12.66	99	16
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	0	4.3	7	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	0	4.67	3	2
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	15.28	178	31
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	0	4.67	3	2
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	12.66	99	16
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	0	4.3	7	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	0	3.9	4	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	10.44	31	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	10.44	31	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	12.21	89	3
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	12.21	89	3
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	12.1	77	4
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	1	14.1	77	4
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	11.47	123	8
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	11.47	123	8
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	0	8.26	109	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	8.54	21	5
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	0	5.4	10	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	0	13.54	21	5
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	0	10.4	10	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	0	2.9	4	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	8.07	5	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	22.48	521	15
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	0	8.31	6	0
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	0	5.05	5	0
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	5.05	5	0
Dysphonia Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.	0	2.41	1	0
Caries, Cervical [description not available]	0	5.9	4	2
chronic COVID syndrome [description not available]	0	6.71	8	5
Co-infection [description not available]	0	5.74	6	1
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	2.52	2	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	19.9	176	56
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	19.9	176	56
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	7.8	41	1
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	0	3.54	8	0
Post Exercise Hypotension [description not available]	0	4.67	2	2
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	0	5.1	17	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.88	4	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	3.95	11	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	0	3.88	4	0
Nanism [description not available]	0	14.74	56	1
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	0	9.74	56	1
Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.	0	2.41	1	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	4.68	5	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	6.76	41	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	4.68	5	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	6.57	25	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	8.89	34	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	8.89	34	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	14.63	63	14
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	14.63	63	14
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	8.76	33	2
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	8.76	33	2
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	17.46	66	5
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	12.46	66	5
MEA 2a [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	0	16.53	46	8
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	0	11.53	46	8
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	12.26	22	1
Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	0	3.55	2	0
Central Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	7.21	8	1
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.24	12	0
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).	0	7.21	8	1
Neoplastic Processes The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.	0	2.41	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	8.82	19	1
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	13.82	19	1
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	0	7.89	4	0
Child Mental Disorders [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	0	4.13	4	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	0	9.44	91	2
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	0	3.73	3	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	0	9.44	91	2
Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).	0	3.33	1	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	0	6.55	23	2
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	0	6.55	23	2
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	17.15	72	22
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	17.15	72	22
Grippe [description not available]	0	4.11	15	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	4.11	15	0
Non-communicable Chronic Diseases [description not available]	0	4.07	2	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	11.75	56	1
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	0	7.58	2	0
Johne Disease [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	3.82	11	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	3.82	11	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	7.19	16	1
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	7.19	16	1
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	0	3.04	3	0
Presbycusis Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.	0	2.41	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.52	22	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	7.52	22	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	0	4.4	7	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	0	6.47	23	2
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	0	6.47	23	2
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	0	7.09	31	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	0	7.09	31	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	9.31	3	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	12.82	27	12
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	12.82	27	12
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	15.05	64	51
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	15.05	64	51
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	0	2.95	4	0
Cerebral Malaria [description not available]	0	5.46	14	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	13.76	63	11
Inborn Urea Cycle Disorder [description not available]	0	6.69	18	0
Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn Rare congenital metabolism disorders of the urea cycle. The disorders are due to mutations that result in complete (neonatal onset) or partial (childhood or adult onset) inactivity of an enzyme, involved in the urea cycle. Neonatal onset results in clinical features that include irritability, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, NEONATAL HYPOTONIA; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; coma, and death. Survivors of the neonatal onset and childhood/adult onset disorders share common risks for ENCEPHALOPATHIES, METABOLIC, INBORN; and RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS due to HYPERAMMONEMIA.	0	6.69	18	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	0	5.89	9	1
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	0	5.89	9	1
Polysyndactyly [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Corridor Disease [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	0	4.94	8	1
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	4.28	18	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	4.28	18	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	7.52	77	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	0	4.72	11	0
Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.	0	2.73	3	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	0	2.88	4	0
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	0	12.87	336	1
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	7.91	6	3
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available]	0	7.44	2	0
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.	0	2.44	2	0
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	0	2.41	1	0
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase [description not available]	0	11.21	58	3
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)	0	11.21	58	3
Duncan Disease [description not available]	0	6.83	5	1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	0	6.83	5	1
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	21.16	122	14
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	16.16	122	14
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	0	4.81	7	1
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	0	3.62	9	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	6.31	14	3
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	6.31	14	3
Seminoma A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.55	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	8.77	11	0
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available]	0	4.4	8	0
Palsy [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	0	4.4	8	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	3.08	5	0
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	0	4.33	6	0
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	0	7.09	13	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	11.33	89	7
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	4.86	12	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	4.86	12	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	0	4.1	5	0
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	0	4.1	5	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	10.96	132	0
MODS [description not available]	0	10.94	41	5
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	10.96	132	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	10.94	41	5
Diathesis [description not available]	0	8.93	49	1
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	0	3.55	8	0
Anal Fissure [description not available]	0	6.44	7	6
Fissure in Ano A painful linear tear at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal.	0	6.44	7	6
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	12.89	19	4
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	1	9.89	19	4
Lassitude [description not available]	0	7.3	14	8
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	7.3	14	8
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available]	0	11.85	82	3
Stunted Growth [description not available]	0	15.44	188	18
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.	0	11.85	82	3
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	0	15.44	188	18
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	8.49	25	2
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	8.49	25	2
Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available]	0	4.45	7	0
Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	4.45	7	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	15.92	223	11
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	15.92	223	11
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	7.86	20	4
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	8.15	28	4
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	7.86	20	4
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	8.15	28	4
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	17.85	282	34
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	17.85	282	34
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	6.41	8	1
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	0	10.65	5	1
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.05	9	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	11.24	59	7
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	11.24	59	7
Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.	0	2.84	3	0
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Sarcoma, Clear Cell A sarcoma of young adults occurring in the lower extremities and acral regions. It is found intimately bound to tendons as a circumscribed but unencapsulated melanin-bearing tumor of neuroectodermal origin. Clear cell sarcoma is associated with a specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation.	0	2.6	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	0	6.98	11	1
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	0	6.98	11	1
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	4.13	16	0
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.	0	3.45	7	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	0	5.26	11	1
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	0	5.26	11	1
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	8.46	21	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	8.46	21	1
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	6.86	20	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	6.86	20	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	0	4.02	5	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	0	4.02	5	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	11.47	42	14
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	0	3.81	11	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	11.47	42	14
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	0	3.81	11	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	0	8.42	36	11
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	0	8.42	36	11
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	0	4.75	11	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	4.75	11	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	5.41	6	2
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	10.41	6	2
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	6.26	34	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	6.26	34	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	9.85	70	1
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	9.85	70	1
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	9	11	3
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	9	11	3
Anosmia Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of smell. Loss of smell may be caused by many factors such as a cold, allergy, OLFACTORY NERVE DISEASES, viral RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (e.g., COVID-19), aging and various neurological disorders (e.g., ALZHEIMER DISEASE).	0	2.6	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	12.84	53	17
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	0	8.14	4	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	3.14	4	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	2.72	3	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	2.72	3	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	9.93	27	2
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	14.93	27	2
Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available]	0	8.22	25	3
Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.	0	13.22	25	3
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [description not available]	0	11.01	17	1
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	4.42	7	0
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.	0	3.07	3	0
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.	0	11.01	17	1
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	13.24	60	8
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	1	15.24	60	8
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	0	8.06	11	2
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	6.55	10	2
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	10.89	67	3
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	10.89	67	3
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	0	8.24	5	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	4.1	13	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	5.21	17	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	5.21	17	0
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	0	2.72	3	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	0	7.72	3	0
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.	0	2.6	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	7.24	10	4
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	7.24	10	4
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	0	2.6	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	5.34	13	1
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.34	13	1
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	0	2.55	2	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	3.08	4	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	3.08	4	0
ADDH [description not available]	0	2.84	3	0
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	0	2.84	3	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	3.64	9	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	3.64	9	0
Maternal Obesity [description not available]	0	3.52	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	9.02	40	1
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	9.02	40	1
Fetal Macrosomia A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.	0	2.5	2	0
Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.	0	5.34	21	0
Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.	0	5.34	21	0
Ciliopathies Genetic disorders caused by defects in genes related to the primary CILIUM; BASAL BODY; or CENTROSOME. Primary features may include obesity, SKELETAL DYSPLASIA; POLYDACTYLY and malformations that primarily involve the liver, eye or kidneys.	0	2.6	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	12.23	37	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	4.24	6	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	7.48	16	1
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	3.71	3	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	7.48	16	1
Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.	0	3.71	3	0
Cerebral Microangiopathies [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.	0	2.9	3	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	11	48	6
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	11	48	6
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	0	4.42	3	1
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	13.83	45	19
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	4.42	3	1
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	11.32	18	9
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	13.83	45	19
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	17.93	173	9
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	17.93	173	9
Congestive Ophthalmopathy [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	0	4.68	11	0
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	0	4.68	11	0
Graves Ophthalmopathy An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.	0	2.6	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	17.11	77	3
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	12.11	77	3
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	5.19	18	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	13.18	27	4
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	5.19	18	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	0	5.69	10	2
Vesico-Vaginal Fistula [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	6.22	53	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.22	53	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	14.76	65	8
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	14.76	65	8
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	8.42	7	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	0	3.65	9	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.74	3	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	3.74	3	0
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)	0	3.28	6	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	10.89	91	5
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	10.89	91	5
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	0	6.54	34	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	0	6.54	34	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	14.62	62	13
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	14.62	62	13
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.	0	9.42	4	1
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available]	0	3.26	6	0
Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.	0	3.26	6	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	9.39	38	2
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	9.39	38	2
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	15.27	78	12
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	10.06	47	5
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	10.06	47	5
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	5.69	31	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	5.69	31	0
Amentia [description not available]	0	7.23	22	1
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	0	7.23	22	1
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	0	3.69	3	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	0	2.44	2	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	0	4.19	6	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	0	10.45	19	5
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	0	15.45	19	5
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	8.12	21	3
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	0	5.41	5	3
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	0	5.94	9	1
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	0	5.94	9	1
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	19.03	337	46
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	0	6.8	14	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	19.03	337	46
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	8.57	17	4
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	8.57	17	4
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	3.67	3	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	3.67	3	0
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	4.25	18	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.	0	4.25	18	0
Neurally Mediated Faint [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	8.38	28	3
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	0	4.63	27	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	0	4.63	27	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	2.44	2	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	12.93	75	0
Acute Porphyria [description not available]	0	8.78	34	2
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.	0	8.78	34	2
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	4.18	16	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	9.18	16	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	3.98	2	1
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.21	1	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	0	3.98	2	1
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	4.86	13	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	5.93	15	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	10.16	26	2
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	15.16	26	2
ATLL [description not available]	0	3.26	6	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	0	3.26	6	0
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	0	2.47	2	0
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	0	2.65	3	0
Familial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	0	5.02	15	0
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis An autosomal dominant familial disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with falls in serum potassium levels. The condition usually presents in the first or second decade of life with attacks of trunk and leg paresis during sleep or shortly after awakening. Symptoms may persist for hours to days and generally are precipitated by exercise or a meal high in carbohydrates. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1483)	0	5.02	15	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	10.15	21	1
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	12.88	126	3
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	0	5.43	8	0
Armstrong Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	0	6.22	13	3
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	0	11.22	13	3
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	0	2.88	4	0
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.	0	2.44	2	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	8.53	24	1
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	8.53	24	1
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	0	3.32	6	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	0	3.32	6	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	0	4	13	0
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	0	4	13	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	0	2.73	3	0
Cardio-Renal Syndrome Condition where a primary dysfunction of either heart or kidney results in failure of the other organ (e.g., HEART FAILURE with worsening RENAL INSUFFICIENCY).	0	5.77	8	0
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.	0	3.63	8	0
Embolus [description not available]	0	6.97	6	3
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	0	6.97	6	3
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available]	0	15.32	122	12
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.	0	15.32	122	12
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	13.88	132	11
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	13.88	132	11
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	8.92	44	2
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	12.79	35	2
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	8.92	44	2
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	7.79	35	2
Azotaemia [description not available]	0	3.1	4	0
Black Fever [description not available]	0	4.47	8	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	0	4.47	8	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	9.66	40	2
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	9.66	40	2
Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.	0	3.74	9	0
Hyperandrogenism A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.	0	9.37	4	1
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	4.73	11	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	9.73	11	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	10.73	45	2
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	10.73	45	2
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	6.33	7	2
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	6.33	7	2
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	0	5.15	11	0
Polydipsia Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	6.6	50	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	6.6	50	0
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	0	7.19	11	1
Periimplantitis [description not available]	0	7.61	2	0
Peri-Implantitis An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS.	0	7.61	2	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	4.64	10	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	4.64	10	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	0	2.25	1	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	5.63	12	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	5.63	12	0
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available]	0	4.36	20	0
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Glycogenosis [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.	0	3.5	8	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	0	6	5	2
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	0	6	5	2
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	0	6.24	5	1
Angiitis [description not available]	0	8.28	13	4
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	8.28	13	4
Cranial Nerve V Injury [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Auriculotemporal Nerve Injuries [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	0	5.44	5	1
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	0	5.44	5	1
Precordial Catch [description not available]	0	5.74	4	1
Dysphagia [description not available]	0	2.82	3	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	0	10.74	4	1
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.82	3	0
46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	9.18	36	2
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	14.18	36	2
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	0	6.88	15	1
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	0	5.84	12	2
Aprosodia [description not available]	0	3.95	2	1
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	0	5.84	12	2
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	3.59	9	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	0	4.77	11	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	0	4.77	11	0
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	0	10.31	20	7
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	1	12.31	20	7
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	0	4.01	5	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	0	3.11	5	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	0	3.87	2	1
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	0	3.87	2	1
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	0	5.05	9	1
Exfoliation Glaucoma [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	0	5.05	9	1
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	6.25	33	1
Exfoliation Syndrome The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)	0	3	4	0
Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available]	0	4.39	4	1
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	0	5.38	14	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	7.73	33	2
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	7.73	33	2
Daytime Sleepiness [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	4.52	9	0
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)	0	2.25	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	9.52	9	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	2.99	4	0
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	0	2.63	2	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	3.32	6	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	3.32	6	0
Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary [description not available]	0	3.41	2	0
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available]	0	3.57	8	0
Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)	0	3.57	8	0
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available]	0	3.39	7	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.	0	8.39	7	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	13.53	68	7
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	13.53	68	7
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	11.83	13	2
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	0	2.57	2	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	0	8.81	10	3
Stasis Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.	0	2.25	1	0
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	0	3.14	4	0
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	3.14	4	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	8.09	21	1
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	0	11.15	20	8
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	3.64	9	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	0	3.64	9	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	5.97	25	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	3.67	9	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	5.97	25	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	3.67	9	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	8.67	14	4
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	0	8.06	17	1
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	8.66	13	4
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	8.67	14	4
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	0	8.06	17	1
Acne [description not available]	0	9.04	2	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	4.04	2	1
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	3.72	10	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.31	7	2
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	0	5.31	7	2
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	4.58	5	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	4.58	5	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	0	2.47	2	0
Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Ototoxicity Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	7.25	1	0
Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.13	16	2
Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)	0	6.13	16	2
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	0	2.25	1	0
Communicable Diseases, Emerging Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.	0	2.5	2	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	9.06	40	1
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	9.06	40	1
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	8.73	39	1
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	6.88	9	3
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	6.36	20	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	6.93	14	2
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	0	5.46	7	2
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	1	7.46	7	2
Cardiac Death [description not available]	0	5.22	4	1
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	9.05	8	4
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	5.54	5	1
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	0	4.9	2	1
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	0	4.72	1	1
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	0	4.72	1	1
Berger Disease [description not available]	0	5.8	4	2
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	6.53	6	1
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	9.29	61	2
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	7.19	21	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	5.5	3	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	5.25	4	1
Low Back Ache [description not available]	0	5.36	2	2
Bucket Handle Tears [description not available]	0	4.72	1	1
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	4.72	1	1
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	0	4.72	1	1
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	0	5.8	4	2
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	6.53	6	1
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	0	9.29	61	2
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	0	10.13	15	8
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	0	7.19	21	1
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	0	6.46	5	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	5.5	3	1
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	5.25	4	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	0	10.36	2	2
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	9.05	8	4
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	5.54	5	1
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	0	5.14	3	1
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	0	4.9	2	1
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	0	3.46	8	0
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	0	3.46	8	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	5.72	7	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	5.72	7	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	5.03	9	1
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	0	3.33	6	0
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	0	3.33	6	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	0	5.85	8	1
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	0	5.85	8	1
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	0	2.25	1	0
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	0	2.96	4	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	0	3.72	10	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	6.31	8	5
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	6.31	8	5
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	0	4.67	10	0
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial [description not available]	0	4.51	8	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	13.14	67	17
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	1	15.14	67	17
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	0	6.91	25	1
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	0	3.01	4	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	0	6.91	25	1
Acute Chest Syndrome Respiratory syndrome characterized by the appearance of a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray, accompanied by symptoms of fever, cough, chest pain, tachypnea, or DYSPNEA, often seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. Multiple factors (e.g., infection, and pulmonary FAT EMBOLISM) may contribute to the development of the syndrome.	0	9.47	2	2
Presbyopia The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.	0	2.25	1	0
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	4.39	4	0
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1)	0	4.39	4	0
Autosomal Dominant Myotubular Myopathy [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Cretinism [description not available]	0	8.49	8	0
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	0	3.49	8	0
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (CORONAVIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.	0	2.25	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.26	6	0
Acute Symptom Flare [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	0	4.91	13	0
Wasting Disease [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	5.11	16	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	16.61	138	18
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	1	18.61	138	18
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	0	3.45	7	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	0	4.91	13	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	5.11	16	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	12.46	91	18
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	0	6.76	33	0
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	0	11.76	33	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	5.91	6	4
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	6.4	15	1
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	0	3.19	5	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	0	3.19	5	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	0	5.5	5	1
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	0	5.5	5	1
Placental Insufficiency Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.	0	4.07	5	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	4.62	10	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	4.62	10	0
Brain Thrombosis [description not available]	0	6.32	8	1
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	0	4.77	7	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	0	4.77	7	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.72	3	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	11.26	31	10
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	16.26	31	10
Flavivirus Infections Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.	0	2.31	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	5.8	11	2
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	5.8	11	2
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	13.07	38	6
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	13.07	38	6
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	12.03	33	5
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	12.03	33	5
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	6.7	12	1
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	6.7	12	1
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3	4	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	13.91	68	9
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	0	5.36	22	0
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	0	8.79	11	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	0	4.22	3	1
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	0	5.76	9	0
Animal Remains [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Farsightedness [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Microphthalmia [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	0	6.09	11	1
Glaucoma, Angle Closure [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hyperopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.31	1	0
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.	0	2.31	1	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	0	7.48	2	0
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	0	2.48	2	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	14.12	84	2
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.12	10	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	0	5.12	10	1
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	0	8.24	9	4
Keratoconus A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.89	3	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	2.38	2	0
Hypernutrition [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	0	11.37	41	8
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	0	11.37	41	8
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	5.08	10	1
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	10.08	10	1
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	10.32	28	3
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	8.94	14	7
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	4.34	20	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	4.34	20	0
Psychoses [description not available]	0	4.42	8	0
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	4.42	8	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	4.32	19	0
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type II [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Barth Syndrome Rare congenital X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism. Barth syndrome is transmitted in an X-linked recessive pattern. The syndrome is characterized by muscular weakness, growth retardation, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, variable NEUTROPENIA, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (type II) and decreases in mitochondrial CARDIOLIPIN level. Other biochemical and morphological mitochondrial abnormalities also exist.	0	2.57	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Chagas [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Chagas Cardiomyopathy A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.	0	2.53	2	0
CBS Deficiency [description not available]	0	5.03	16	0
Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)	0	5.03	16	0
Addison's Disease [description not available]	0	3.8	4	0
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.	0	3.8	4	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	5.53	16	0
Infection [description not available]	0	16	52	23
Marasmus [description not available]	0	6.41	23	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	1	7.53	16	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	21	52	23
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	0	11.41	23	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	6.05	46	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	16.03	60	9
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	11.03	60	9
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	12.09	18	2
Astrocytosis [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	8.59	59	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	8.59	59	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	2.54	2	0
Coarctation of Aorta [description not available]	0	9.71	11	0
Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.	0	4.71	11	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	6.27	25	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	6.27	25	0
Macrocephaly [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.	0	2.31	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	0	3.4	7	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	6.8	12	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	6.8	12	0
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.	0	2.31	1	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	0	4.11	2	1
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	1	6.11	2	1
Infections, Respirovirus [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	5.48	24	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	5.48	24	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	0	8.08	5	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	3.94	12	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	0	3.94	12	0
Bedwetting [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Nocturnal Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control.	0	8.23	1	0
Mental Retardation, X-Linked A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).	0	3.35	6	0
Caffey Disease [description not available]	0	7.31	1	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	6.35	14	1
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	6.35	14	1
Headache, Tension [description not available]	0	2.98	4	0
Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	7.98	4	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	4.99	6	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	4.99	6	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	6.08	21	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	0	6.23	9	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	0	6.23	9	0
Asymptomatic Colonization [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	0	2.96	3	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	0	2.96	3	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	0	7.55	2	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	0	4.14	6	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	0	4.14	6	0
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	2.97	4	0
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	0	3.43	7	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	8.83	12	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	3.83	12	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	7.14	34	1
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	7.14	34	1
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	8.71	18	1
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	0	2.93	4	0
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.	0	2.39	2	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	0	2.9	4	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	7.84	24	2
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	7.84	24	2
Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.	0	2.55	2	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	3.28	6	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	3.28	6	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.	0	4.06	3	1
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.	0	2.43	2	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	3.27	6	0
Asialia [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	2.52	2	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	0	5.17	6	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	0	5.17	6	0
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
ACD-MPV [description not available]	0	4.53	9	0
Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).	0	4.53	9	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	8.45	12	2
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	8.45	12	2
Congo Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.15	1	0
Cystine Diathesis [description not available]	0	3.97	5	0
Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.	0	3.97	5	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	7.08	9	4
Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	0	2.15	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	0	3.84	4	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	6.22	7	2
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	6.84	24	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	6.84	24	0
CADASILM A subvariety of CADASIL characterized by the high frequency of MIGRAINE. The acronym stands for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts, Leukoencephalopathy, and Migraine.	0	6.38	14	1
CADASIL A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146)	0	11.38	14	1
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	5.13	10	1
Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.	0	2.7	3	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	6.45	7	1
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	6.45	7	1
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.37	21	0
Orchitis Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.	0	7.4	2	0
Appendiceal Cancer [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Appendiceal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.	0	2.15	1	0
Vascular Malformations A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.	0	3.06	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	0	2.5	2	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	6.72	8	1
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	0	7.98	50	1
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	0	7.98	50	1
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	0	7.14	12	1
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis I Systemic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDURONIDASE) and characterized by progressive physical deterioration with urinary excretion of DERMATAN SULFATE and HEPARAN SULFATE. There are three recognized phenotypes representing a spectrum of clinical severity from severe to mild: Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (formerly mucopolysaccharidosis V). Symptoms may include DWARFISM; hepatosplenomegaly; thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge; corneal clouding; cardiac complications; and noisy breathing.	0	2.54	2	0
Action Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	0	3.73	10	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	0	3.73	10	0
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	0	6.65	39	0
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	0	5.51	5	1
Ciliary Dyskinesia [description not available]	0	5.89	5	1
Ciliary Motility Disorders Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms.	0	5.89	5	1
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	6.79	23	3
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	11.79	23	3
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	0	3.61	3	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	4.08	5	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	4.08	5	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	0	5.4	7	2
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	8.79	38	1
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	8.79	38	1
Systemic Vasculitis A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the blood vessel walls.	0	3.45	2	0
Infections, Paramyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.	0	2.58	2	0
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available]	0	5.65	29	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	0	5.65	29	0
Hyperkyphosis [description not available]	0	3.03	4	0
Lordosis The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).	0	2.17	1	0
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.04	5	0
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	0	7.25	1	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	0	9.92	10	5
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Urogenital Prolapse [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Abnormal descent of a pelvic organ resulting in the protrusion of the organ beyond its normal anatomical confines. Symptoms often include vaginal discomfort, DYSPAREUNIA; URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE; and FECAL INCONTINENCE.	0	2.15	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Endometrioid An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.	0	2.17	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	14.44	79	21
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	14.44	79	21
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	0	4.6	9	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	0	4.6	9	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	6.36	24	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	11.36	24	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	7.91	4	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	0	3.11	5	0
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Eye Diseases, Hereditary Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.	0	3.12	5	0
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.	0	2.37	2	0
Mydriasis Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.	0	2.17	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	3.66	3	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	0	3.63	3	0
Congenital Myasthenia [description not available]	0	3.01	4	0
Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7)	0	3.01	4	0
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	2.94	4	0
Isolated Clinic Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Masked Hypertension Phenomenon where increased BLOOD PRESSURE readings taken in non-clinical settings (e.g., HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING) do not replicate in clinical settings.	0	2.87	3	0
48,XXYY Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Klinefelter Syndrome A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).	0	2.17	1	0
Autism [description not available]	0	8.3	6	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	3.3	6	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	0	7.83	3	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available]	0	3.06	4	0
Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)	0	3.06	4	0
B cepacia Infection [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Muscle Pain [description not available]	0	3.93	2	1
Myalgia Painful sensation in the muscles.	0	3.93	2	1
Anemia, Congenital Hypoplastic, Of Blackfan And Diamond [description not available]	0	3.69	3	0
Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan A rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. The disease is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, occasional neutropenia or thrombocytosis, a normocellular bone marrow with erythroid hypoplasia, and an increased risk of developing leukemia. (Curr Opin Hematol 2000 Mar;7(2):85-94)	0	3.69	3	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	0	6.46	11	4
Hepatorenal Syndrome Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention.	0	3.58	8	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	4.51	24	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	4.51	24	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	4.07	3	1
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	0	3.39	7	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	0	3.39	7	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	4.07	3	1
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	4.18	16	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	4.18	16	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	0	6	9	3
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	0	9.38	4	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	0	5.76	7	1
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	0	8	50	1
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	0	8	50	1
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	0	7.17	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	13.11	58	19
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	13.11	58	19
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	0	2.47	2	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.52	2	0
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	0	2.17	1	0
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	0	3.34	7	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.27	9	0
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	0	3.34	7	0
Cancer-Associated Pain [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cancer Pain Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS.	0	2.17	1	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	0	2.17	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	0	7.8	37	2
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	0	12.8	37	2
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	0	2.21	1	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	0	8.26	6	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Esophageal Dysmotility [description not available]	0	4.1	3	1
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.8	3	0
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	0	2.17	1	0
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.	0	2.52	2	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	6.48	23	2
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	0	6.48	23	2
Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)	0	2.97	4	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	0	3.34	7	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	4.56	25	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	4.56	25	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	0	6.33	21	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	0	6.33	21	0
Infections, Retroviridae [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Retroviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.	0	2.74	3	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	4.95	8	1
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	0	8.1	15	3
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	4.95	8	1
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	0	8.1	15	3
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	8.39	7	0
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	3.39	7	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.47	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	0	2.5	2	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	2.96	4	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	2.7	3	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	0	4.5	5	1
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	0	2.95	4	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	7.23	36	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	12.23	36	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.66	30	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	5.66	30	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	7.9	4	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	3.95	4	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	1	5.95	4	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	0	10.7	7	1
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	9.92	11	4
Anasarca [description not available]	0	5.52	67	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	5.52	67	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	10.44	25	0
Anastomotic Leak Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.	0	10.92	4	2
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	0	2.91	4	0
Primary Graft Dysfunction A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.	0	2.17	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	3.58	9	0
Bunyaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.	0	3.56	1	1
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.	0	2.17	1	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	0	5.93	7	4
ADPKD [description not available]	0	10.75	7	1
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	0	5.75	7	1
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	5.02	9	1
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	5.02	9	1
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	0	2.43	2	0
Bechterew Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	0	2.47	2	0
Spondylarthropathies Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.	0	2.21	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	5.13	18	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	6.57	19	3
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	6.57	19	3
Endocarditis, Loeffler [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	0	2.17	1	0
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs.	0	2.51	2	0
Brachydactylia [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	0	2.21	1	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	0	5.54	6	1
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	0	5.54	6	1
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	2.47	2	0
Angioedema, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Angioedema, Hereditary, Type III [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Angioedemas, Hereditary Inherited disorders that are characterized by subcutaneous and submucosal EDEMA in the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT and GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	2.21	1	0
Colitis, Ischemic Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.	0	2.44	2	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	0	7.92	18	1
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	0	7.92	18	1
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
HELLP Syndrome A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.	0	2.46	2	0
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	0	10.13	3	3
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	0	2.72	3	0
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.	0	2.21	1	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Cavernitis, Fibrous [description not available]	0	4.08	5	0
Penile Induration A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both.	0	4.08	5	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	7.08	12	3
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	0	2.7	3	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	7.08	12	3
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	0	3.64	1	1
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	4.2	6	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	0	3.22	6	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	0	3.22	6	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	11.71	22	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	8.71	31	4
Great Pox [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	0	2.21	1	0
Acidemia Propionic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Propionic Acidemia Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.	0	2.21	1	0
Amyloidosis, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Amyloidosis, Familial Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.	0	2.96	4	0
Retinal Dystrophies A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues.	0	2.21	1	0
Prostatism Lower urinary tract symptom, such as slow urinary stream, associated with PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA in older men.	0	2.21	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.87	38	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	0	3.84	12	0
Channelopathies A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS.	0	2.21	1	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	0	7.21	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	0	6.02	4	1
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	0	6.02	4	1
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	0	4.71	11	0
Infections, Proteus [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	6.94	28	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	11.94	28	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	0	7.21	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	0	7.12	16	6
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	2.95	4	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	4.35	4	1
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	12.05	536	1
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	0	14.21	8	4
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	0	9.21	8	4
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	0	6.29	26	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	0	6.29	26	0
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available]	0	6.38	8	1
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	0	5.65	30	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	6.04	28	1
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	3.14	5	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	3.14	5	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	10.36	81	6
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	8.3	10	4
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	2.21	1	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	0	3.46	8	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	0	3.46	8	0
Concussive Convulsion [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	0	4.33	4	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	4.33	4	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	0	2.51	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	3.16	5	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	3.89	12	0
Child Malnutrition Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	3.67	3	0
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)	0	3.31	6	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	3.86	12	0
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	0	2.98	4	0
Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA.	0	2.08	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.	0	2.48	2	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	3.83	2	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	3.83	2	0
Bone Spur [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	4.56	9	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	9.56	9	0
Acrocephalosyndactylia Congenital craniostenosis with syndactyly.	0	3.97	13	0
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Prinzmetal Angina [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.	0	2.72	3	0
Angina Pectoris, Stable [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Angina, Stable Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.	0	2.79	3	0
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	0	4.76	2	0
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	0	4.76	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	0	3.56	9	0
Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.	0	2.08	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	7.02	29	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	7.02	29	1
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.08	10	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	0	5.08	10	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	11.71	13	1
Aortic Valve Disease 1 [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	0	4.78	7	1
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Congenital heart valve defects where the AORTIC VALVE has two instead of normal three cusps. It is often associated with AORTIC REGURGITATION and AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.49	2	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	0	4.78	7	1
Deficiency, Factor 11 [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Lethargy A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.	0	2.49	2	0
Leukoaraiosis Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	0	4.71	6	1
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	10.26	37	2
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	0	4.3	4	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	0	3.1	5	0
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	0	3.66	3	0
Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Transposition of Great Vessels A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.	0	3.38	2	0
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)	0	2.08	1	0
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	0	4.14	6	0
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	0	4.14	6	0
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Acro-Osteolysis A condition with congenital and acquired forms causing recurrent ulcers in the fingers and toes. The congenital form exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance; the acquired form is found in workers who handle VINYL CHLORIDE. When acro-osteolysis is accompanied by generalized OSTEOPOROSIS and skull deformations, it is called HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME.	0	2.08	1	0
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	0	3.68	10	0
Progeria An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.	0	2.89	4	0
Impotence, Arteriogenic [description not available]	0	6.6	10	2
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	0	3.26	6	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	10.48	63	2
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	10.48	63	2
Oxaluria, Primary [description not available]	0	3.64	3	0
Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.	0	3.64	3	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	8.12	9	7
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	8.12	9	7
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.	0	2.08	1	0
Varices [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	0	2.08	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	3.88	4	0
Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.	0	2.08	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	3.88	4	0
Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia 1 [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Congenital Hyperinsulinism A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).	0	3	1	0
Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Collodion Baby Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Ichthyosis, Lamellar A chronic, congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Infants are usually born encased in a collodion membrane which sheds within a few weeks. Scaling is generalized and marked with grayish-brown quadrilateral scales, adherent at their centers and free at the edges. In some cases, scales are so thick that they resemble armored plate.	0	2.46	2	0
Ataxias, Hereditary [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.	0	3.69	3	0
Christmas Disease [description not available]	0	3.77	11	0
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)	0	8.77	11	0
Drusen, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Drusen, Retinal [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	5.07	16	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	5.07	16	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	9.68	18	4
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	1	11.68	18	4
Ankylosing Vertebral Hyperostosis with Tylosis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Calcification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	0	4.87	8	1
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	0	4.87	8	1
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	0	6.28	20	2
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	0	6.41	16	1
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	0	11.41	16	1
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form [description not available]	0	3.68	3	0
Peroxisomal Disorders A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.	0	3.68	3	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	0	2.46	2	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	13.29	51	3
Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.	0	3.47	1	1
Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.	0	2.08	1	0
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Coenuri Infection [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cysticercosis Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.	0	2.08	1	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	3.69	3	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	0	2.45	2	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	7.96	4	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	2.96	4	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	5.78	21	1
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	5.78	21	1
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	0	4.34	7	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	1	6.34	7	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	22.44	170	8
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	0	7.34	25	1
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	0	3.03	4	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	6.06	16	2
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	0	4.1	3	1
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.	0	3	1	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	6.44	16	1
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	6.44	16	1
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	0	3.15	5	0
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	0	3.15	5	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Respiratory Tract Fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.	0	2.08	1	0
Empyema, Thoracic [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	0	2.08	1	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	0	2.08	1	0
Empyema, Pleural Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.	0	2.48	2	0
Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.1	1	0
Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.	0	2.1	1	0
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)	0	2.7	3	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.1	1	0
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Thrombocythemia, Essential A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.	0	2.77	3	0
Emesis, Postoperative [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.	0	3.01	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	10.21	11	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	10.21	11	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hand-Foot Syndrome Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.	0	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Glomus Jugulare Tumor A paraganglioma involving the glomus jugulare, a microscopic collection of chemoreceptor tissue in the adventitia of the bulb of the jugular vein. It may cause paralysis of the vocal cords, attacks of dizziness, blackouts, and nystagmus. It is not resectable but radiation therapy is effective. It regresses slowly, but permanent control is regularly achieved. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1603-4)	0	2.1	1	0
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	3.82	4	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	0	2.46	2	0
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies [description not available]	0	3.31	6	0
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).	0	3.31	6	0
Attachment Loss, Periodontal [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	0	3.29	6	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	0	8.29	6	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	0	5.11	10	1
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	0	5.11	10	1
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	0	4.9	8	1
Anodontia Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.16	5	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	0	8.83	27	1
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	10.34	47	8
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	10.34	47	8
HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.	0	2.95	4	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	9.1	27	11
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	9.1	27	11
AIDS Nephropathy [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.	0	2.1	1	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	0	2.75	3	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	0	2.1	1	0
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	0	2.1	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	6.24	21	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Rida [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).	0	2.48	2	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	0	4.47	8	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	0	4.47	8	0
Cleidocranial Digital Dysostosis [description not available]	0	3.13	5	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	6.16	53	0
Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	0	4.53	5	1
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	0	4.53	5	1
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	0	2.71	3	0
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	0	7.45	2	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	0	2.1	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	6.51	32	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	6.51	32	0
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	0	2.71	3	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	0	2.11	1	0
Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.78	26	3
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	0	4.29	4	1
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	0	4.29	4	1
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	0	12.78	26	3
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	5.94	9	1
Angina at Rest [description not available]	0	9.93	19	4
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	9.93	19	4
Birnaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.	0	2.96	4	0
Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available]	0	3.86	2	1
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.7	3	0
Alexander Disease Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.	0	3.3	6	0
Gasser Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.	0	3.09	5	0
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.	0	2.1	1	0
Erosive Duodenitis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Duodenitis Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.	0	2.1	1	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	0	8.58	3	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	0	3.58	3	0
Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteriogram [description not available]	0	6.5	10	5
Kawasaki Disease [description not available]	0	7.1	1	0
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.	0	2.1	1	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	0	3.48	1	1
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	0	4.52	5	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	0	4.52	5	0
Gastric Stasis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	7.1	1	0
Adult Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Nycturia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Nocturia Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS).	0	7.11	1	0
Borrelia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA.	0	2.1	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	3.63	3	0
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	0	5.18	11	1
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	0	5.18	11	1
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	2.1	1	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	3.09	5	0
Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.	0	2.73	3	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	3.7	10	0
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	0	2.96	4	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	4.36	21	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	0	4.36	21	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	2.68	3	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	4.42	8	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	9.42	8	0
Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available]	0	3.88	4	0
Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).	0	3.88	4	0
Diastolic Heart Failure [description not available]	0	4.92	4	2
Heart Failure, Diastolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial relaxation during DIASTOLE leading to defective cardiac filling.	0	4.92	4	2
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	0	9.01	5	0
Psychological Trauma An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/)	0	2.11	1	0
Hyperdactyly [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.	0	6.29	8	1
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Impairment, Light Touch Sensation [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Dorsolateral Medullary Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.43	2	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	2.74	3	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	3.54	8	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	3.54	8	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	4.59	10	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	4.59	10	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	0	3.17	5	0
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	0	5.83	14	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	0	5.83	14	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	5.38	13	1
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	0	5.38	13	1
Deep Bite [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Angle Class II [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Pre-Hypertension [description not available]	0	9.99	4	2
Brain Emboli [description not available]	0	3.14	5	0
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Angiitis, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	3.38	7	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	3.38	7	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.48	2	0
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Amnionitis [description not available]	0	7.48	2	0
Chorioamnionitis INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.	0	7.48	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	0	3.51	8	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	0	2.72	3	0
Benign Essential Tremor [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Essential Tremor A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)	0	2.47	2	0
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	0	2.49	2	0
Disseminated Fusariosis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Fusariosis OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.	0	2.11	1	0
Wet Macular Degeneration A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.	0	2.13	1	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	0	4.08	5	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	0	4.08	5	0
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	0	7.11	1	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	8.23	6	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	1	5.23	6	0
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis 2 [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	4.58	4	0
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Inferior Dislocation [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Craniofacial Dysarthrosis [description not available]	0	3.43	7	0
Varicocele A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.	0	4.2	3	1
Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.	0	2.49	2	0
Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	2.68	3	0
Luft Disease [description not available]	0	4.06	5	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Mitochondrial Myopathies A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.	0	4.06	5	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	4.15	17	0
Glenoid Labral Tears [description not available]	0	4.44	2	2
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	4.1	3	1
Rotator Cuff Injuries Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint.	0	4.44	2	2
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	7.4	15	2
Devic Disease [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.	0	8.5	1	1
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	0	3.91	2	1
ACL Injuries [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	0	2.42	2	0
Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).	0	3.38	2	0
CACH Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	0	2.42	2	0
Klein Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Fusobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.	0	2.11	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.11	1	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	0	2.89	4	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	0	2.48	2	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	0	4.33	4	1
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	0	4.33	4	1
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	4.86	8	1
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	0	2.39	2	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	9.86	8	1
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	0	4	5	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal [description not available]	0	3.69	3	0
Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Deficiency, Yin [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	3.17	5	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	8.17	5	0
Blue-Eared Pig Disease [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	0	6.36	9	1
Adult Optic Nerve Glioma [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	0	6.36	9	1
Optic Nerve Glioma Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood.	0	3.03	1	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	7.01	22	4
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	7.01	22	4
Dental Wear [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Bone Stress Reaction [description not available]	0	3.92	2	0
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Hyperphosphatemia A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.	0	2.13	1	0
Hives [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	0	2.9	4	0
Acute Mesenteric Arterial Embolus [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	0	4.01	5	0
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	7.13	1	0
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	0	4.06	3	1
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	4.63	6	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	4.63	6	1
Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.	0	7.5	2	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.58	9	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	3.58	9	0
Drooling [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Sialorrhea Increased salivary flow.	0	2.4	2	0
Harelip [description not available]	0	3.72	10	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	0	3.83	11	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	0	3.72	10	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	0	3.83	11	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	6.22	13	1
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	6.22	13	1
Arteriolosclerosis Thickening of the walls of small ARTERIES or ARTERIOLES due to cell proliferation or HYALINE deposition.	0	2.13	1	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	0	4.26	18	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	0	2.42	2	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	0	2.13	1	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	0	4.77	31	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	0	4.77	31	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	2.47	2	0
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	0	3.87	4	0
Pseudophakia Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.	0	2.15	1	0
Posterior Vitreous Detachment [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	2.75	3	0
Menstruation, Painful [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation.	0	2.49	2	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Plasmodium vivax Malaria [description not available]	0	7.13	1	0
Malaria, Vivax Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.	0	2.13	1	0
Refractory Depression [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)	0	2.13	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Surgical Incision [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	0	2.54	2	0
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	0	3.7	3	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	0	8.7	3	0
Gender Dysphoria A marked difference between the individual’s expressed/experienced gender and the gender others would assign to the individual, and it must continue for at least six months. (from DSM-5)	0	2.13	1	0
Deficiency, Yang [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Allergy, Nut [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Nut Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system.	0	2.15	1	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	0	2.93	4	0
CKD-MBD [description not available]	0	3.82	2	1
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.	0	3.82	2	1
Cutis Laxa A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation as well as an abnormality in elastin formation. Cutis laxa is usually a genetic disease, but acquired cases have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.15	1	0
Acid Alpha-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE deficiency. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)	0	2.15	1	0
Buerger Disease [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	0	2.15	1	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	0	2.92	4	0
Febrile Neutropenia Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.	0	7.15	1	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	0	3.1	5	0
Juvenile Sulfatidosis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	0	3.58	9	0
Eisenmenger Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.43	2	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	0	8.58	9	0
Eisenmenger Complex A condition associated with VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT and other congenital heart defects that allow the mixing of pulmonary and systemic circulation, increase blood flow into the lung, and subsequent responses to low oxygen in blood. This complex is characterized by progressive PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY of the RIGHT VENTRICLE; CYANOSIS; and ERYTHROCYTOSIS.	0	2.43	2	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	2.44	2	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	0	4.31	4	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	0	9.31	4	0
Erythremia [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	0	2.43	2	0
Acquired Language Disorders [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Language Disorders Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.	0	2.04	1	0
Aortitis Inflammation of the wall of the AORTA.	0	2.46	2	0
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	4.33	20	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	0	3.25	6	0
Hydrophobia [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	0	2.04	1	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Bladder Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.78	7	4
Cystitis, Interstitial A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.	0	7.78	7	4
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	11.04	10	1
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	5.82	36	0
Systolic Heart Failure [description not available]	0	6.31	7	2
Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.	0	6.31	7	2
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	0	2.96	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Oral Submucous Fibrosis Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.	0	2.73	3	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	0	3.06	5	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.7	10	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	0	3.7	10	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	0	3.84	12	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	0	3.84	12	0
Acquired Neuromyotonia [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	0	2.05	1	0
Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	0	3.04	5	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	3.24	6	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.04	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	4.5	9	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	3.61	9	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	2.44	2	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	0	3.12	5	0
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	0	4.57	10	0
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	0	9.57	10	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	4.72	11	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	0	4.72	11	0
Distal Muscular Dystrophies [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Distal Myopathies A heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY and MUSCLE WEAKNESS beginning in the hands, the legs, or the feet. Most are adult-onset autosomal dominant forms. Others are autosomal recessive.	0	2.46	2	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	5.94	5	2
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.7	3	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	0	2.05	1	0
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Severe Dengue A virulent form of dengue characterized by THROMBOCYTOPENIA and an increase in vascular permeability (grades I and II) and distinguished by a positive pain test (e.g., TOURNIQUET PAIN TEST). When accompanied by SHOCK (grades III and IV), it is called dengue shock syndrome.	0	2.46	2	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	0	2.04	1	0
Aggressive Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people.	0	4.06	5	0
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	0	4.09	3	1
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	0	4.28	4	1
Acoustic Neurinoma, Bilateral [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	0	2.68	3	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	0	4.28	4	1
Neurofibromatosis 2 An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life.	0	2.05	1	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	0	2.68	3	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	0	4.28	7	0
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	0	9.28	7	0
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	0	2.04	1	0
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available]	0	3.27	6	0
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.	0	3.27	6	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	4.15	6	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	0	4.08	3	1
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	0	2.44	2	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	0	3.75	11	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	0	10.64	15	8
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	0	10.64	15	8
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	3.37	2	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	0	3.11	5	0
Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.45	2	0
Hypermyotonia [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	2.04	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	0	2.68	3	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	5.98	16	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	5.98	16	0
Adynamia Episodica Hereditaria [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic An autosomal dominant familial disorder which presents in infancy or childhood and is characterized by episodes of weakness associated with hyperkalemia. During attacks, muscles of the lower extremities are initially affected, followed by the lower trunk and arms. Episodes last from 15-60 minutes and typically occur after a period of rest following exercise. A defect in skeletal muscle sodium channels has been identified as the cause of this condition. Normokalemic periodic paralysis is a closely related disorder marked by a lack of alterations in potassium levels during attacks of weakness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1481)	0	2.46	2	0
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	0	2.05	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	3.22	6	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	7.46	2	0
Hypoascorbemia [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.	0	7.38	2	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	4.08	3	1
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Inclusion Body Myopathy, Sporadic [description not available]	0	4.13	3	1
Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available]	0	4.5	5	1
Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.	0	4.5	5	1
Myositis, Inclusion Body Progressive myopathies characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. Sporadic and hereditary forms have been described. The sporadic form is an acquired, adult-onset inflammatory vacuolar myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles. Familial forms usually begin in childhood and lack inflammatory changes. Both forms feature intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in muscle tissue. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1409-10)	0	4.13	3	1
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	0	5.23	4	1
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	0	10.23	4	1
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	0	2.47	2	0
Achondroplasia, Severe, With Developmental Delay And Acanthosis Nigricans [description not available]	0	5.64	10	0
Achondroplasia An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)	0	5.64	10	0
Deficiency, Protein S [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Human Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Adenovirus Infections, Human Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.	0	2.05	1	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available]	0	3.41	7	0
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.	0	3.41	7	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	0	3.66	10	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	0	3.66	10	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	4.09	3	1
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	4.87	4	2
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	9.87	4	2
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	8.71	10	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	3.71	10	0
Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).	0	2.05	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.28	6	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	3.28	6	0
AIRE Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	0	3.06	5	0
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	3.52	8	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	7.57	18	2
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	7.57	18	2
Male Genitourinary Diseases [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	0	3.47	8	0
Oligomenorrhea Abnormally infrequent menstruation.	0	2.05	1	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	0	3.47	8	0
Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)	0	2.44	2	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	0	2.05	1	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	6.77	13	2
Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy, Familial [description not available]	0	4.04	5	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	0	3.79	2	1
Menopause, Premature The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.	0	3.44	1	1
Empty Sella Syndrome A condition when the SELLA TURCICA is not filled with pituitary tissue. The pituitary gland is either compressed, atrophied, or removed. There are two types: (1) primary empty sella is due a defect in the sella diaphragm leading to arachnoid herniation into the sellar space; (2) secondary empty sella is associated with the removal or treatment of PITUITARY NEOPLASMS.	0	2.9	4	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	3.16	5	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	0	3.16	5	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	6.87	15	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	3.82	2	1
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	3.82	2	1
Atheroembolism [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Embolism, Cholesterol Blocking of a blood vessel by CHOLESTEROL-rich atheromatous deposits, generally occurring in the flow from a large artery to small arterial branches. It is also called arterial-arterial embolization or atheroembolism which may be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Patients with spontaneous atheroembolism often have painful, cyanotic digits of acute onset.	0	3.36	2	0
Hypercalciuria Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.	0	2.05	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	0	4.83	13	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	4.1	3	1
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	0	4.06	3	1
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	4.1	3	1
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	0	6.58	10	2
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	0	6.58	10	2
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.5	8	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Chromosomal Instability An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.	0	2.44	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	6.46	44	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	0	2.75	3	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	0	2.65	3	0
Bone Diseases, Developmental Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.	0	2.67	3	0
Dunnigan Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial Inherited conditions characterized by the partial loss of ADIPOSE TISSUE, either confined to the extremities with normal or increased fat deposits on the face, neck and trunk (type 1), or confined to the loss of SUBCUTANEOUS FAT from the limbs and trunk (type 2). Type 3 is associated with mutation in the gene encoding PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA.	0	2.73	3	0
Food Poisoning, Salmonella [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Salmonella Food Poisoning Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.	0	2.05	1	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Lichen Planus, Oral Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)	0	2.42	2	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	3.84	4	0
Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.	0	3.71	10	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	2.66	3	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	0	8.12	5	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	0	4.85	8	1
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	0	4.85	8	1
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	0	2.05	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	2.9	4	0
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Amish Brittle Hair Brain Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Porphyria [description not available]	0	7.55	29	2
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	0	7.55	29	2
Chloasma [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia [description not available]	0	8.63	9	0
Congenital Foot Deformities [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Congenital Hand Deformities [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	0	2.05	1	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Sickle Cell Trait The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.	0	2.91	4	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	0	2.05	1	0
Priapism A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.	0	2.72	3	0
Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Foot Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.	0	2.05	1	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	0	2.44	2	0
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	0	2.05	1	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	0	5.54	27	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Ametropia [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.	0	2.97	1	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	2.97	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.06	10	0
Cementifying Fibroma of Mandible [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Dental Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Cancer of Jaw [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	0	2.94	4	0
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.	0	5	3	3
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.76	12	2
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	0	6.76	12	2
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Ameloblastoma An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.	0	2.47	2	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	0	4.61	26	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	0	4.61	26	0
Congenital Hypocupremia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)	0	2.05	1	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	0	2.44	2	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	0	2.67	3	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	0	8.56	8	1
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	0	8.56	8	1
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	3.07	5	0
Astroblastoma [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)	0	2.72	3	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	10.08	10	1
Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.	0	2.05	1	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	0	2.91	4	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	8.37	7	0
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	0	2.73	3	0
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available]	0	2.95	4	0
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.	0	2.95	4	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	0	2.73	3	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	0	3.69	10	0
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.	0	2.05	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	0	2.43	2	0
Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.	0	2.47	2	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	0	2.06	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	0	3.66	10	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	0	3.66	10	0
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.	0	2.05	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 7 [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Factor VII Deficiency An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.	0	2.91	4	0
Costen's Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	0	3.25	6	0
Molar, Fourth [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	0	2.06	1	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	0	2.06	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Allergy, Latex [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	2.43	2	0
Bronchiolitis, Exudative [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.	0	2.05	1	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Cockayne-Touraine Disease [description not available]	0	3.71	10	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.	0	3.71	10	0
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular [description not available]	0	4.31	4	1
Cardiovascular Abnormalities Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.	0	4.31	4	1
No-Reflow Phenomenon Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.	0	2.05	1	0
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	0	2.9	4	0
Microglossia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	0	4.32	4	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	0	5.01	3	1
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	4.07	3	1
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Bednar Tumor [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	0	4.07	3	1
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.48	2	0
Dermatofibrosarcoma A sarcoma of the deep layers of the skin. The tumors are locally aggressive tends to recur but rarely metastatic. It can be classified into variants depending on the cell type tumors are derived from or by its characteristics: Pigmented variant from MELANIN-containing DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS; Myxoid variant, myxoid STROMAL CELLS; Giant cell variant characterized by GIANT CELLS in the tumors; and Fibrosarcomatous variant chracterized by tumor areas histologically indistinguishable from FIBROSARCOMA.	0	2.06	1	0
Gingival Overgrowth Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)	0	2.71	3	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	0	10.85	97	4
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	0	10.85	97	4
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)	0	2.06	1	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	6.85	48	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	0	3.09	5	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	0	3.59	9	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	2.44	2	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	0	2.43	2	0
Arterial Brain Diseases [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)	0	2.06	1	0
Eulenburg Disease [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Myotonic Disorders Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.	0	2.94	4	0
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	0	2.44	2	0
Keratocysts [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	0	2.06	1	0
Dentigerous Cyst Most common follicular odontogenic cyst. Occurs in relation to a partially erupted or unerupted tooth with at least the crown of the tooth to which the cyst is attached protruding into the cystic cavity. May give rise to an ameloblastoma and, in rare instances, undergo malignant transformation.	0	2.06	1	0
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	0	2.06	1	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	0	4.78	12	0
Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn Disorders characterized by defective transport of amino acids across cell membranes. These include deficits in transport across brush-border epithelial cell membranes of the small intestine (MICROVILLI) and KIDNEY TUBULES; transport across the basolateral membrane; and transport across the membranes of intracellular organelles. (From Nippon Rinsho 1992 Jul;50(7):1587-92)	0	2.48	2	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).	0	2.88	4	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	0	3.23	6	0
Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Coproporphyria, Hereditary An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE in the LIVER, the sixth enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include both neurological symptoms and cutaneous lesions. Patients excrete increased levels of porphyrin precursors, 5-AMINOLEVULINATE and COPROPORPHYRINS.	0	2.06	1	0
Circoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the CIRCOVIRIDAE.	0	2.07	1	0
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Growth Hormone Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Laron Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, defective GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR, and failure to generate INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I by GROWTH HORMONE. Laron syndrome is not a form of primary pituitary dwarfism (GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY DWARFISM) but the result of mutation of the human GHR gene on chromosome 5.	0	3.37	2	0
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.	0	7.07	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	0	7.26	12	2
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	0	7.26	12	2
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	0	3.81	4	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	0	3.81	4	0
Aspirin Induced Asthma [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	0	5.89	5	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	0	5.89	5	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	4.05	15	0
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	0	4.65	28	0
Alternating Exotropia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	0	2.06	1	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	4.02	5	0
Arthritis, Spinal [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.3	2	0
Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Acromegaly Due To Pituitary Adenoma [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.	0	3.12	5	0
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	0	2.07	1	0
Teeth, Unerupted [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Dentofacial Abnormalities [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	2.07	1	0
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	0	3.83	4	0
Euglenozoa Infections Infections with the protozoa of the phylum EUGLENOZOA.	0	2.99	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	0	2.67	3	0
Hallervorden-Spatz Disease [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration A rare autosomal recessive degenerative disorder which usually presents in late childhood or adolescence. Clinical manifestations include progressive MUSCLE SPASTICITY; hyperreflexia; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; DYSTONIA; DYSARTHRIA; and intellectual deterioration which progresses to severe dementia over several years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p972; Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp972-929)	0	2.96	4	0
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.	0	2.06	1	0
Ectopia Lentis Congenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.	0	2.96	4	0
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.	0	6.17	4	1
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.	0	11.17	4	1
Epidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma Vorner Type [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Cancer of the Retina [description not available]	0	5.07	5	2
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	0	5.75	11	2
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	0	5.75	11	2
Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)	0	2.45	2	0
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.63	6	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	0	2.07	1	0
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial [description not available]	0	3.42	2	0
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.	0	3.42	2	0
Macrophage Activation Syndrome A serious complication of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders that is thought to be caused by excessive activation and proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. It is seen predominantly in children with systemic onset JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS.	0	2.99	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	0	6.49	25	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	0	6.49	25	0
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Coronary Occlusion Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.66	10	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Reticulocytosis An increase in circulating RETICULOCYTES, which is among the simplest and most reliable signs of accelerated ERYTHROCYTE production. Reticulocytosis occurs during active BLOOD regeneration (stimulation of red bone marrow) and in certain types of ANEMIA, particularly CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.	0	2.07	1	0
Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available]	0	5.14	11	1
Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)	0	10.14	11	1
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	0	2.96	4	0
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	0	2.07	1	0
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.38	2	0
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).	0	4.1	3	1
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available]	0	4.07	3	1
Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.	0	4.07	3	1
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.	0	3.85	2	1
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	0	3.3	2	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	0	3.63	3	0
Infections, Meningococcal [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Meningococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.	0	2.07	1	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	5.93	3	1
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.	0	3.1	5	0
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)	0	2.43	2	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	4.61	6	1
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	3.23	6	0
TDP-43 Proteinopathies Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.	0	2.07	1	0
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	0	2.07	1	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	0	2.38	2	0
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	0	6.25	13	1
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital [description not available]	0	3.86	12	0
Afibrinogenemia A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.	0	3.86	12	0
Snoring Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.	0	3.34	2	0
Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Scleroderma, Diffuse A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability.	0	2.46	2	0
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	0	3.84	2	1
Genital Herpes [description not available]	0	7.4	2	0
Herpes Genitalis Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.	0	2.4	2	0
Coracohumeral Impingement [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Compression of the ROTATOR CUFF tendons and subacromial bursa between the HUMERAL HEAD and the ACROMION of the SCAPULA. This condition is associated with subacromial BURSITIS, as well as rotator cuff (largely supraspinatus) and bicipital tendon INFLAMMATION.	0	3.46	1	1
Refeeding Syndrome A condition of metabolic imbalance that is caused by complications of initially feeding a severely malnourished patient too aggressively. Usually occurring within the first 5 days of refeeding, this syndrome is characterized by WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; and DIARRHEA.	0	3	1	0
Aldosteronism [description not available]	0	3.98	5	0
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	0	3.98	5	0
Bacteroidaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.	0	2.44	2	0
Classical Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Adult Non-Neuronopathic [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A The classic infantile form of Niemann-Pick Disease, caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE. It is characterized by accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS in the cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM and other cell throughout the body leading to cell death. Clinical signs include JAUNDICE, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe brain damage.	0	2.07	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B An allelic disorder of TYPE A NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE, a late-onset form. It is also caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE but clinical signs involve only visceral organs (non-neuropathic type).	0	2.07	1	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	0	3.1	5	0
Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.	0	9.45	5	0
Frigidity [description not available]	0	5.59	3	2
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	0	5.59	3	2
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	2.37	2	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	2.43	2	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Mediastinitis Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs.	0	2.08	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	2.42	2	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Disomy, Uniparental [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	0	3.06	5	0
Encephalitis, West Nile Fever [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
West Nile Fever A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)	0	2.08	1	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	0	6.68	13	1
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.68	13	1
Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.	0	2.07	1	0
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	8.21	6	0
Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.	0	2.39	2	0
Epiphora [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.	0	2.08	1	0
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)	0	2.08	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	0	14.32	42	15
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	0	14.32	42	15
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	0	3.39	7	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Albright Syndrome [description not available]	0	5.81	8	1
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.	0	5.81	8	1
Cancer of Granulosa Cells [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
De Morsier Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Deficiency, Protein C [description not available]	0	4.69	11	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 4f [description not available]	0	6.59	13	0
Polyradiculitis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Polyradiculopathy Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.	0	2.42	2	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	0	10.01	31	2
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	0	15.01	31	2
Aganglionic Megacolon [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Hirschsprung Disease Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.	0	3.09	5	0
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
ALDOB Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	6.39	41	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	4.47	23	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	9.47	23	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	0	2.88	4	0
Adult Onset Nemaline Myopathy [description not available]	0	3.26	6	0
Myopathies, Nemaline A group of inherited congenital myopathic conditions characterized clinically by weakness, hypotonia, and prominent hypoplasia of proximal muscles including the face. Muscle biopsy reveals large numbers of rod-shaped structures beneath the muscle fiber plasma membrane. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and may occasionally present in adults. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1453)	0	3.26	6	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.41	2	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	2.41	2	0
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	3.4	1	1
Parasite Infections [description not available]	0	3.59	3	0
AIDS Wasting Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.02	5	0
HIV Wasting Syndrome Involuntary weight loss of greater than 10 percent associated with intermittent or constant fever and chronic diarrhea or fatigue for more than 30 days in the absence of a defined cause other than HIV infection. A constant feature is major muscle wasting with scattered myofiber degeneration. A variety of etiologies, which vary among patients, contributes to this syndrome. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, p1611).	0	4.02	5	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	0	2.4	2	0
Benign Hypothalamic Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.01	1	0
Adult Rickets [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.	0	2.01	1	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	0	4.01	14	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	0	3.1	5	0
Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Hypobetalipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally low levels of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL) in the blood. It is defined as LDL values equal to or less than the 5th percentile for the population. They include the autosomal dominant form involving mutation of the APOLIPOPROTEINS B gene, and the autosomal recessive form involving mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. All are characterized by low LDL and dietary fat malabsorption.	0	2.01	1	0
Hereditary Optic Atrophy [description not available]	0	6.66	14	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	0	4.01	5	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	0	3.23	6	0
Leprosy, Cutaneous [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Tyrosinemias A group of disorders which have in common elevations of tyrosine in the blood and urine secondary to an enzyme deficiency. Type I tyrosinemia features episodic weakness, self-mutilation, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and seizures and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase. Type II tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, painful corneal ulcers, and keratoses of the palms and plantar surfaces and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE. Type III tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp42-3)	0	2.01	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	3.46	8	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	3.32	2	0
Cervix Diseases [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).	0	7.41	2	0
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	0	3.4	1	1
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	0	2.01	1	0
Antithrombin 3 Deficiency [description not available]	0	5.77	15	0
Antithrombin III Deficiency An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.	0	10.77	15	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	0	2.01	1	0
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	0	2.01	1	0
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	0	2.01	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	0	3.97	14	0
Bladder Calculi [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	0	3.84	4	0
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Equine Infectious Anemia Viral disease of horses caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV; INFECTIOUS ANEMIA VIRUS, EQUINE). It is characterized by intermittent fever, weakness, and anemia. Chronic infection consists of acute episodes with remissions.	0	2.01	1	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	0	3.46	8	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.73	12	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.55	3	0
Ornithosis [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Psittacosis Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.	0	1.93	1	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	0	3.79	4	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	0	2.86	4	0
Acute Yellow Atrophy [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	0	5.73	15	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	0	5.73	15	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	6.93	1	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	0	1.93	1	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	0	3.19	6	0
Pancreatic Cyst A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)	0	2.35	2	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	0	4.8	13	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	7.88	26	2
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	0	4.8	13	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	0	3.05	5	0
Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).	0	2.63	3	0
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	0	2.34	2	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	0	3.79	4	0
Canine Distemper [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Canine Infectious Hepatitis [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	0	2.36	2	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Icterus [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	0	8.45	8	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	0	2.64	3	0
Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available]	0	6.19	34	1
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	0	5.41	15	0
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	4.37	8	0
Neuroses [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	0	2.34	2	0
Alcaptonuria [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Alkaptonuria An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.	0	2.63	3	0
Anemia, Splenic [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Postgastrectomy Syndromes Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.	0	3.26	2	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	0	4.26	7	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	9.26	7	0
Serositis Inflammation of a serous membrane.	0	1.94	1	0
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	0	2.85	4	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	2.64	3	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	0	2.64	3	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	0	4.42	5	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	0	3.21	6	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	0	1.94	1	0
Monilethrix Rare autosomal dominant disorder of the hair shaft. The clinical features of the disease include HYPOTRICHOSIS, dry, and/or brittle hair, with varying degrees of ALOPECIA. Mutations in the hair-specific keratin genes KRTHB1, KRTHB3, or KRTHB6 are associated with monilethrix. Autosomal recessive monilethrix with limited HYPOTRICHOSIS are also known. Mutations in Dsg4, Liph, and P2ry5 protein genes are associated with the recessive form of monilethrix.	0	2.63	3	0
Alpha-Aminoadipic Semialdehyde Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	8.2	6	0
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	0	1.94	1	0
Antisocial Behavior Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others	0	3.73	2	1
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	6.77	13	2
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.64	3	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	6.77	13	2
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	0	1.94	1	0
Ureterolithiasis Formation of stones in the URETER.	0	1.94	1	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	3.05	5	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	0	2.36	2	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	0	8.21	6	0
Tuberculosis, Avian A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.	0	1.94	1	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	0	1.94	1	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	0	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Stomatitis, Vesicular [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	0	1.94	1	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	0	2.37	2	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	0	1.94	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	0	5.01	16	0
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice.	0	2.87	4	0
Sprains [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.	0	1.93	1	0
Acute Cholecystitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.	0	2.01	1	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	0	2.43	2	0
Crigler Najjar Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Electric Injuries Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.	0	2.01	1	0
Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.	0	2.92	4	0
Cherubism A fibro-osseous hereditary disease of the jaws. The swollen jaws and raised eyes give a cherubic appearance; multiple radiolucencies are evident upon radiographic examination.	0	3.34	2	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Alport Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Nephritis, Hereditary A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	0	3.09	5	0
Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	0	2.42	2	0
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	0	3.1	5	0
Eunuchism The state of being a eunuch, a male without TESTES or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male GERM CELLS and TESTICULAR HORMONES.	0	2.65	3	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	3.59	9	0
Crow-Fukase Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
POEMS Syndrome A multisystemic disorder characterized by a sensorimotor polyneuropathy (POLYNEUROPATHIES), organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and pigmentary skin changes. Other clinical features which may be present include EDEMA; CACHEXIA; microangiopathic glomerulopathy; pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY); cutaneous necrosis; THROMBOCYTOSIS; and POLYCYTHEMIA. This disorder is frequently associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1335; Rev Med Interne 1997;18(7):553-62)	0	2.01	1	0
Deficiency, Factor II [description not available]	0	3.48	8	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.4	2	0
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Pleurisy, Tuberculous [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1 [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	0	4.05	3	1
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	0	4.05	3	1
Hyperthyroxinemia Abnormally elevated THYROXINE level in the BLOOD.	0	3.25	6	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Haim-Monk Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	3.61	3	0
Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.	0	2.02	1	0
Sinus Tachycardia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Central Core Disease [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	0	2.02	1	0
Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	3.09	5	0
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis An autosomal recessive trait with impaired cell-mediated immunity. About 15 human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated infection, four of which lead to skin neoplasms. The disease begins in childhood with red papules and later spreads over the body as gray or yellow scales.	0	2.02	1	0
Synostosis A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material, such as ossified connecting cartilage or fibrous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.43	2	0
Left Heart Hypoplasia Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome A condition caused by underdevelopment of the whole left half of the heart. It is characterized by hypoplasia of the left cardiac chambers (HEART ATRIUM; HEART VENTRICLE), the AORTA, the AORTIC VALVE, and the MITRAL VALVE. Severe symptoms appear in early infancy when DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS closes.	0	3.34	2	0
Adipocere [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Gangliocytoma [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hepatic Porphyria [description not available]	0	6.71	13	1
Porphyrias, Hepatic A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.	0	6.71	13	1
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	0	2.43	2	0
Acanthosis Nigricans A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.	0	2.89	4	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	0	2.93	1	0
Torsade de Pointes [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	0	2.02	1	0
Adenoma, alpha-Cell [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Absent Iris [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Aniridia A congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant.	0	2.4	2	0
Swine Vesicular Disease An enterovirus infection of swine clinically indistinguishable from FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, vesicular stomatitis, and VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE. It is caused by a strain of HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS B.	0	2.43	2	0
Angiomatosis Retinae [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
von Hippel-Lindau Disease An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions.	0	2.71	3	0
Fetal Malnutrition [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	0	2.43	2	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	7.36	2	0
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	0	4.08	3	1
Myositis, Multiple [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	0	2.02	1	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	2.42	2	0
Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)	0	2.02	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	7.03	19	5
Porphyria Variegata [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Porphyria, Variegate An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) in the LIVER, the seventh enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include both neurological symptoms and cutaneous lesions. Patients excrete increased levels of porphyrin precursors, COPROPORPHYRINS and protoporphyrinogen.	0	2.02	1	0
Suffocation [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	0	7.71	3	0
Abnormalities, Mouth [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Gingival Hyperplasia Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)	0	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.77	8	3
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	0	2.41	2	0
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available]	0	7.7	3	0
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.	1	4.44	2	0
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.	0	2.43	2	0
Apraxia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cranial Nerve III Diseases [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)	0	2.02	1	0
Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis, Moebius [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	0	2.02	1	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.41	8	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	0	4.41	8	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	0	3.35	2	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	0	3.59	9	0
Light Sensitivity [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Deficiency, Factor 10 [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Factor X Deficiency Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.	0	2.02	1	0
French Type Sialuria [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Congenital Poikiloderma [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Multiple Hemangioblastomas [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hemangioblastoma A benign tumor of the nervous system that may occur sporadically or in association with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE. It accounts for approximately 2% of intracranial tumors, arising most frequently in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Histologically, the tumors are composed of multiple capillary and sinusoidal channels lined with endothelial cells and clusters of lipid-laden pseudoxanthoma cells. Usually solitary, these tumors can be multiple and may also occur in the brain stem, spinal cord, retina, and supratentorial compartment. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas usually present in the third decade with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, and ataxia. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2071-2)	0	2.02	1	0
Adult GM1 Gangliosidosis [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Gangliosidosis, GM1 An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the absence or deficiency of BETA-GALACTOSIDASE. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of G(M1) GANGLIOSIDE and oligosaccharides, primarily in neurons of the central nervous system. The infantile form is characterized by MUSCLE HYPOTONIA, poor psychomotor development, HIRSUTISM, hepatosplenomegaly, and facial abnormalities. The juvenile form features HYPERACUSIS; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. The adult form features progressive DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; and MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp96-7)	0	2.92	4	0
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.	0	2.41	2	0
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilloses [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.	0	2.02	1	0
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	0	2.9	4	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Lupus Vulgaris A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the NASAL MUCOSA; BUCCAL MUCOSA; and conjunctival mucosa.	0	2.42	2	0
ACA Infarct [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.71	3	0
Glycine Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	8.07	5	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	0	6.82	18	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	0	6.82	18	0
Hirsutism A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.	0	2.02	1	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	0	7.43	2	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	0	2.02	1	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	0	2.38	2	0
Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.	0	2.41	2	0
Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	5.31	13	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	0	5.31	13	0
Microscopic Colitis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Colitis, Microscopic A condition characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. This syndrome was first described in 1980 by Read and associates. Subtypes include COLLAGENOUS COLITIS and LYMPHOCYTIC COLITIS. Both have similar clinical symptoms and are distinguishable only by histology.	0	2.02	1	0
Injuries, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	0	7.72	3	0
Viral Conjunctivitis [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Conjunctivitis, Viral Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.	0	3.39	1	1
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	4.17	17	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	4.17	17	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	0	7.91	4	0
Benign Chronic Pemphigus [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	0	2.92	4	0
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	0	2.03	1	0
Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.7	3	0
A-Thalassemia [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
alpha-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.	0	3.6	3	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	0	3.23	6	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	0	2.03	1	0
Limited Scleroderma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Scleroderma, Limited The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.	0	2.03	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	0	3.21	6	0
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	0	2.67	3	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	0	2.42	2	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	0	8.16	15	2
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	2.03	1	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	0	3.83	4	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	0	3.32	2	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	0	2.03	1	0
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	0	3.5	8	0
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	0	3.5	8	0
Glucose Metabolic Disorder [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	0	2.4	2	0
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)	0	2.03	1	0
Eccentro-Osteochondrodysplasia [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, joint instability, development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. There are two biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.	0	2.37	2	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	0	3.41	1	1
Hyperesthesia Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.	0	2.41	2	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	0	2.03	1	0
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.	0	3.34	2	0
Hypophosphatasia A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.62	3	0
Cranial Nerve X Diseases [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	0	2.42	2	0
Discitis Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.	0	2.03	1	0
Tuberculosis, Bovine An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.	0	2.03	1	0
Extrasystole, Ventricular [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Atrial Ectopic Beats [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	7.38	2	0
Brain Dead [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Infections, Lentivirus [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	4.26	4	0
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Infections, Rhabdoviridae [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	2.03	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	2.44	2	0
Lens Diseases Diseases involving the CRYSTALLINE LENS.	0	2.03	1	0
Familial Hyperpotassemia and Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Pseudohypoaldosteronism A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal electrolyte transport dysfunctions. Congenital forms are rare autosomal disorders characterized by neonatal hypertension, HYPERKALEMIA, increased RENIN activity and ALDOSTERONE concentration. The Type I features HYPERKALEMIA with sodium wasting; Type II, HYPERKALEMIA without sodium wasting. Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be the result of a defective renal electrolyte transport protein or acquired after KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.03	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	10.88	24	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	10.88	24	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	3.38	7	0
Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hand Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand.	0	2.03	1	0
Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.57	9	0
Carcinoma, Lobular A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.	0	3.8	2	1
Adenomatous Polyps Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	0	2.03	1	0
Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.49	5	1
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.	0	2.71	3	0
Amelogenesis Imperfecta A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.	0	2.44	2	0
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal An autosomal dominant hereditary disease that presents in late in life and is characterized by DYSPHAGIA and progressive ptosis of the eyelids. Mutations in the gene for POLY(A)-BINDING PROTEIN II have been associated with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.	0	2.03	1	0
Aldrich Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.	0	2.91	4	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	0	3.24	6	0
Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.	0	2.03	1	0
Autosomal Recessive Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Blast Phase [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Blast Crisis An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.	0	2.4	2	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	0	12.04	61	19
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	0	12.04	61	19
Facial Asymmetry Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.	0	2.03	1	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	0	2.41	2	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	2.41	2	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	0	2.41	2	0
Eye Hemorrhage Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.	0	2.03	1	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	0	2.93	4	0
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Prostatic Diseases Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.	0	3.3	2	0
Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.	0	2.41	2	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Myositis Ossificans A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.	0	2.03	1	0
Ocular Infections [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Eye Infections Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.	0	2.04	1	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available]	0	4.04	3	1
Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.	0	4.04	3	1
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	0	5.13	18	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Corneal Dystrophy, Juvenile Epithelial of Meesmann An autosomal dominant form of hereditary corneal dystrophy due to a defect in cornea-specific KERATIN formation. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-3 and KERATIN-12 have been linked to this disorder.	0	2.03	1	0
Spherocytosis, Hereditary A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.	0	4.31	4	1
Epiretinal Membrane A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)	0	2.03	1	0
Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Macular Holes [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.	0	2.03	1	0
Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.	0	2.03	1	0
Delayed Puberty [description not available]	0	7.89	4	0
Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.	0	2.03	1	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	0	3.33	2	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.95	1	0
Double Outlet Right Ventricle Incomplete transposition of the great vessels in which both the AORTA and the PULMONARY ARTERY arise from the RIGHT VENTRICLE. The only outlet of the LEFT VENTRICLE is a large ventricular septal defect (VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS or VSD). The various subtypes are classified by the location of the septal defect, such as subaortic, subpulmonary, or noncommitted.	0	2.04	1	0
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Atresia, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	0	2.04	1	0
Paraparesis Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.	0	2.03	1	0
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE.	0	2.03	1	0
Arnold-Chiari Deformity [description not available]	0	4.89	4	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.	0	2.03	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.	0	2.03	1	0
Cavernous Angioma, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System A vascular anomaly composed of a collection of large, thin walled tortuous VEINS that can occur in any part of the central nervous system but lack intervening nervous tissue. Familial occurrence is common and has been associated with a number of genes mapped to 7q, 7p and 3q. Clinical features include SEIZURES; HEADACHE; STROKE; and progressive neurological deficit.	0	2.04	1	0
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	0	2.67	3	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Anemia With Multinucleated Erythroblasts [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Angioid Streaks Small breaks in the elastin-filled tissue of the retina.	0	2.04	1	0
Injuries, Spinal [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	0	2.04	1	0
Calciphylaxes [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Denys-Drash Syndrome A disorder of sex development characterized by UROGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; GONADAL DYSGENESIS; and WILMS TUMOR. It is caused by a mutation in the Wilms tumor suppressor gene (GENES, WILMS TUMOR) on chromosome 11.	0	2.04	1	0
Keratoacanthoma A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.	0	2.04	1	0
Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Acetyl-CoA:alpha-Glucosaminide N-Acetyltransferase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis III Mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by heparitin sulfate in the urine, progressive mental retardation, mild dwarfism, and other skeletal disorders. There are four clinically indistinguishable but biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.	0	2.42	2	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	2.04	1	0
Hypotrichosis Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.04	1	0
Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA), such as INFARCTION; HEMORRHAGE; or ISCHEMIA in vessels of this brain region including the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. Primary clinical manifestations include involuntary movements (DYSKINESIAS) and muscle weakness (HEMIPARESIS).	0	2.04	1	0
At-V1 [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Leukoma [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	0	2.68	3	0
A-alphalipoprotein Neuropathy [description not available]	0	4	5	0
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	0	2.65	3	0
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.	0	3.1	5	0
Blood Coagulation Factor Deficiencies [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Chronic Plantar Fasciitis [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Fasciitis, Plantar Inflammation of the plantar fascia (APONEUROSIS) on the bottom of the foot causing heel pain. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related.	0	2.04	1	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	1.94	1	0
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.	0	4.26	19	0
Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.	0	9.26	19	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	10.68	53	4
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	10.68	53	4
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	6.63	38	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	0	6.63	38	0
Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.28	7	0
Glossitis Inflammation of the tongue.	0	3.28	2	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	0	3.56	3	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	5.18	4	1
Gonadal Agenesis The complete failure of gonadal development.	0	2.88	4	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.	0	3.29	2	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	0	3.58	9	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	0	3.58	9	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	0	1.96	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	0	3.76	2	1
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	5.21	12	0
Uveal Diseases Diseases of the uvea.	0	6.6	12	1
Cold Sore [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Herpes Labialis Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	1.96	1	0
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).	0	2.35	2	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	3.06	5	0
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.	0	3.81	4	0
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	0	2.38	2	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	0	2.88	4	0
Hypotension, Postural [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hypotension, Orthostatic A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.	0	1.95	1	0
Achromatopsia Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.	0	2.37	2	0
Color Vision Defects Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.	0	2.37	2	0
Kaposi Disease [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.	0	1.95	1	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cockayne Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple system abnormalities including DWARFISM; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS; PREMATURE AGING; and HEARING LOSS. It is caused by mutations of a number of autosomal recessive genes encoding proteins that involve transcriptional-coupled DNA REPAIR processes. Cockayne syndrome is classified by the severity and age of onset. Type I (classical; CSA) is early childhood onset in the second year of life; type II (congenital; CSB) is early onset at birth with severe symptoms; type III (xeroderma pigmentosum; XP) is late childhood onset with mild symptoms.	0	1.96	1	0
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	0	1.96	1	0
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.	0	2.35	2	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	0	3.31	2	0
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	0	2.9	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	3.93	13	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	0	3.92	13	0
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	7.9	4	0
Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Female Genitourinary Diseases [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.	0	2.9	4	0
Toxemia A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.	0	3.37	7	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	0	1.98	1	0
Deficiency, IgA [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	0	2.39	2	0
Allergic Neuritis, Experimental [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	0	2.89	4	0
Cardiac Output, High A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and HYPOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE.	0	3.77	2	1
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.66	3	0
Megacolon, Toxic An acute form of MEGACOLON, severe pathological dilatation of the COLON. It is associated with clinical conditions such as ULCERATIVE COLITIS; CROHN DISEASE; AMEBIC DYSENTERY; or CLOSTRIDIUM ENTEROCOLITIS.	0	1.98	1	0
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Type B [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.	0	2.9	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	0	1.98	1	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	0	6.45	9	2
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	2.39	2	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Achalasia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Esophageal Achalasia A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).	0	1.98	1	0
EBS-DM [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex A form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by serous bullae that heal without scarring. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-5 and KERATIN-14 have been associated with several subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.	0	7.69	3	0
Ectromelia, Infectious A viral infection of mice, causing edema and necrosis followed by limb loss.	0	1.98	1	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.	0	1.98	1	0
alpha-LCAT Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE gene. It is characterized by low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the triad of CORNEAL OPACITIES; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; and PROTEINURIA with renal failure.	0	2.9	4	0
Phantom Limb Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30)	0	1.98	1	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	0	4	5	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	0	4	5	0
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.	0	1.98	1	0
Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency [description not available]	0	3.81	4	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I An inherited condition due to a deficiency of either LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE or APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (a lipase-activating protein). The lack of lipase activities results in inability to remove CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES from the blood which has a creamy top layer after standing.	0	3.81	4	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	0	1.98	1	0
Melanoma, Amelanotic An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Gastric Dilatation Abnormal distention of the STOMACH due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION; ILEUS; GASTROPARESIS; or denervation.	0	1.98	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	3.81	4	0
Encephalitozoonosis Infection with FUNGI of the genus ENCEPHALITOZOON. Lesions commonly occur in the BRAIN and KIDNEY tubules. Other sites of infection in MAMMALS are the LIVER; ADRENAL GLANDS; OPTIC NERVES; RETINA; and MYOCARDIUM.	0	1.98	1	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	0	2.4	2	0
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Infections, Microspora [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
ARSB Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI Mucopolysaccharidosis with excessive CHONDROITIN SULFATE B in urine, characterized by dwarfism and deafness. It is caused by a deficiency of N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE-4-SULFATASE (arylsulfatase B).	0	2.4	2	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Alpha-Fucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Fucosidosis An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of ALPHA-L-FUCOSIDASE activity resulting in an accumulation of fucose containing SPHINGOLIPIDS; GLYCOPROTEINS, and mucopolysaccharides (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) in lysosomes. The infantile form (type I) features psychomotor deterioration, MUSCLE SPASTICITY, coarse facial features, growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, visceromegaly, SEIZURES, recurrent infections, and MACROGLOSSIA, with death occurring in the first decade of life. Juvenile fucosidosis (type II) is the more common variant and features a slowly progressive decline in neurologic function and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Type II survival may be through the fourth decade of life. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p87; Am J Med Genet 1991 Jan;38(1):111-31)	0	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Alveolar Proteinoses, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR.	0	1.98	1	0
Infections, Rickettsia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	0	7.38	2	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	0	2.38	2	0
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.	0	1.98	1	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	0	2.65	3	0
Infections, Neisseriaceae [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	2.38	2	0
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.	0	1.98	1	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	0	3.3	2	0
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. MUTATION of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, a component of the DNA DAMAGE response pathway, apparently predisposes family members who inherit it to develop certain cancers. The spectrum of cancers in the syndrome was shown to include, in addition to BREAST CANCER and soft tissue sarcomas (SARCOMA); BRAIN TUMORS; OSTEOSARCOMA; LEUKEMIA; and ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA.	0	2.68	3	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.	0	2.66	3	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cleft Spine [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	0	1.98	1	0
Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).	0	1.98	1	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	0	2.43	2	0
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.	0	2.39	2	0
Pyloric Stenosis Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.	0	2.38	2	0
Bessel-Hagen Disease [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	1.98	1	0
Esophageal Spasm [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.	0	1.98	1	0
Endolymphatic Hydrops An accumulation of ENDOLYMPH in the inner ear (LABYRINTH) leading to buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures, such as COCHLEA and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS. It is characterized by SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; and sometimes VERTIGO.	0	1.98	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	4.03	15	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	0	3.24	6	0
Alpha Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Leprosy, Macular [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	0	1.99	1	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	3.37	1	1
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	0	2.4	2	0
Allergy, Milk [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.	0	3.37	1	1
Dwarfism, Thanatophoric [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Ganglioside Storage Diseases [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Gangliosidoses A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.	0	2.68	3	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	1.99	1	0
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)	0	2.9	1	0
Diabetes, Phosphate [description not available]	0	4.07	3	1
Hypophosphatemia, Familial An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.	0	4.07	3	1
Livedo Reticularis And Cerebrovascular Accidents [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	7.67	14	1
Heartwater Disease A tick-borne septicemic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM.	0	1.99	1	0
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	0	8.23	6	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	0	2.66	3	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia with Myopathy [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	0	2.39	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	0	2.91	4	0
Edema, Fetal [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Fournier Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	0	2.4	2	0
XYY Karyotype Abnormal genetic constitution in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome.	0	1.99	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	3.76	2	1
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	0	1.99	1	0
Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	2.39	2	0
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Bites [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Gargoylism, Hunter Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis II Systemic lysosomal storage disease marked by progressive physical deterioration and caused by a deficiency of L-sulfoiduronate sulfatase. This disease differs from MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS I by slower progression, lack of corneal clouding, and X-linked rather than autosomal recessive inheritance. The mild form produces near-normal intelligence and life span. The severe form usually causes death by age 15.	0	1.99	1	0
Central Pontine Myelinolysis [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	0	1.99	1	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	0	2.4	2	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Carcinoma, Embryonal A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)	0	1.99	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 5 [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Malignant Hypertension [description not available]	0	7.4	2	0
Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.	0	2.4	2	0
Albinism, Cutaneous [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Zellweger Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; visual compromise; SEIZURES; progressive degeneration of the KIDNEYS and the LIVER. Zellweger-like syndrome refers to phenotypes resembling the neonatal Zellweger syndrome but seen in children or adults with apparently intact peroxisome biogenesis.	0	1.99	1	0
Absence of Corpus Callosum [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.17	8	1
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	7.17	8	1
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	0	1.99	1	0
Deficiency, Factor 13 [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Factor XIII Deficiency A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis.	0	2.4	2	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	2.4	2	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	0	1.99	1	0
Chicken Pox [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Chickenpox A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.65	3	0
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	0	2.39	2	0
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Parasitic Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Chromoblastomycosis Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362)	0	1.99	1	0
Tuberculoma A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.	0	2.37	2	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular Type IV [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).	0	2.9	4	0
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	0	5.91	3	1
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	0	5.91	3	1
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)	0	2	1	0
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	0	2	1	0
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	2.91	1	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
Genital Warts [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Condylomata Acuminata Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.	0	2	1	0
Rubeola [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Measles A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.	0	2.37	2	0
Amylopectinosis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Aldosteronism with Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Amylo-1,6-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.	0	2.39	2	0
Acinar Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)	0	2	1	0
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	0	2	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus and Mellitus with Optic Atrophy and Deafness [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Wolfram Syndrome A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.	0	2	1	0
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.	0	2	1	0
Hypertelorism Abnormal increase in the interorbital distance due to overdevelopment of the lesser wings of the sphenoid.	0	2	1	0
Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2	1	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	0	2	1	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Friedreich Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)	0	2	1	0
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	0	2	1	0
Cancer of the Vulva [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.	0	2.41	2	0
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.	0	2	1	0
Enterocele An intestinal HERNIA.	0	2	1	0
Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.	0	2	1	0
Gelineau Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)	0	2.38	2	0
Alagille Syndrome 1 [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Alagille Syndrome A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).	0	2	1	0
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).	0	3.39	1	1
Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	2	1	0
Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.	0	3.33	2	0
Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.	0	2	1	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	0	5.51	9	2
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	0	10.51	9	2
Hypolipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	0	3.39	1	1
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	0	3.39	1	1
Glycosuria, Renal An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.	0	2.65	3	0
Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	0	2	1	0
Sneezing The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2	1	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	0	2	1	0
Shingles [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.39	1	1
Classical Swine Fever An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality.	0	2	1	0
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.	0	2	1	0
Endocardial Cushion Defect [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Endocardial Cushion Defects A spectrum of septal defects involving the ATRIAL SEPTUM; VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; and the atrioventricular valves (TRICUSPID VALVE; BICUSPID VALVE). These defects are due to incomplete growth and fusion of the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS which are important in the formation of two atrioventricular canals, site of future atrioventricular valves.	0	2	1	0
Lung Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).	0	2	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	3.8	2	1
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	2	1	0
Cervical Fusion Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	0	3.29	2	0
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.	0	2.01	1	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	0	2	1	0
Hypovolemic [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	0	2.01	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	0	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4 [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.	0	2.9	4	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	0	2.37	2	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	0	2.37	2	0
Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	0	2.88	4	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	0	2.01	1	0
Diaper Rashes [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Acrodermatitis Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.	0	2.01	1	0
Diaper Rash A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.	0	2.01	1	0
Cardiovirus Infections Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE.	0	2.01	1	0
ARSA Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	0	2.01	1	0
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.	0	2.35	2	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Adult Refsum Disease [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	0	1.95	1	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	0	8.64	20	6
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	0	8.64	20	6
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	0	5.31	7	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	0	10.31	7	0
Stomatitis, Denture Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation.	0	1.95	1	0
Adenoma, Acidophil A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	0	2.86	4	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	0	2.87	4	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.	0	2.64	3	0
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.	0	1.95	1	0
Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).	0	1.95	1	0
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	0	1.95	1	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	0	9.25	7	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	0	1.95	1	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	3.55	3	0
Mesenchymoma A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	0	1.95	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	0	1.95	1	0
Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.	0	3.74	2	1
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral [description not available]	0	5.26	9	0
Galactorrhea Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.	0	7.88	4	0
Adenofibroma A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	0	2.86	4	0
Hydatid Mole [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.	0	2.64	3	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	1.95	1	0
Athetoid Movements [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Foot Rot A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	2.35	2	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	0	3.3	2	0
Avian Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Axonotmesis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Trauma, Nervous System Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.	0	1.98	1	0
Inflammation, Perinephrium [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	0	1.98	1	0
Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.	0	1.98	1	0
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	0	3.05	5	0
Laurence-Moon Syndrome An autosomal recessive condition characterized by hypogonadism; spinocerebellar degeneration; MENTAL RETARDATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and OBESITY. This syndrome was previously referred to as Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome until BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME was identified as a distinct entity. (From N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 12;321(15):1002-9)	0	1.98	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	0	1.98	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.	0	2.38	2	0
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.	0	2.89	1	0
Slow Virus Diseases Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES.	0	2.89	1	0
Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.	0	1.98	1	0
Albinism, Tyrosinase-Negative [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Albinism, Oculocutaneous Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.	0	2.38	2	0
Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.	0	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	0	3.59	3	0
Cancer of the Tonsil [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	0	2.89	1	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	0	3.59	3	0
Tonsillar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.	0	2.89	1	0
Inner Ear Disease [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	0	1.97	1	0
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.	0	1.97	1	0
Hyperchylomicronemia Late Onset [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.	0	3.36	1	1
Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).	0	3.36	1	1
Elliptocytosis, Hereditary An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.	0	1.97	1	0
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	1.97	1	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	0	2.65	3	0
Somatostatinoma A SOMATOSTATIN-secreting tumor derived from the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS). It is also found in the INTESTINE. Somatostatinomas are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS; CHOLELITHIASIS; STEATORRHEA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. The majority of somatostatinomas have the potential for METASTASIS.	0	1.97	1	0
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes [description not available]	0	3.56	3	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.65	3	0
Complete Breech [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Breech Presentation A malpresentation of the FETUS at near term or during OBSTETRIC LABOR with the fetal cephalic pole in the fundus of the UTERUS. There are three types of breech: the complete breech with flexed hips and knees; the incomplete breech with one or both hips partially or fully extended; the frank breech with flexed hips and extended knees.	0	1.97	1	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	0	1.97	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	4.05	3	1
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	0	1.97	1	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	0	1.96	1	0
Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	3.35	1	1
Disgerminoma [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	0	2.88	4	0
Parakeratosis Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.96	1	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	0	1.96	1	0
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	0	1.96	1	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	0	3.04	5	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	0	1.94	1	0
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN.	0	2.35	2	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	0	1.95	1	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Polyploid [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	0	2.87	4	0
Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.	0	3.77	4	0
Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)	0	1.95	1	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Cecum [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	0	1.94	1	0
Adenoma, Chromophobe A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.	0	2.86	4	0
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	0	1.94	1	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	0	2.35	2	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	0	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	0	4.67	2	1
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	0	4.67	2	1
Feminization Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.	0	2.35	2	0
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hemoglobin C Disease A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.	0	1.95	1	0
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	0	1.95	1	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Birth Injuries Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.	0	3.27	2	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidoses Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.	0	1.94	1	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	0	1.94	1	0
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.	0	2.35	2	0
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	0	1.95	1	0
Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.	0	2.35	2	0
Pregnancy, Prolonged A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.	0	1.95	1	0
Acquired Nasal Deformities [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS.	0	2.64	3	0
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	0	2.35	2	0
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	3.77	4	0
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.	0	1.94	1	0
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)	0	1.94	1	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	0	1.94	1	0
Water Intoxication A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	0	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma 37 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	0	2.35	2	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	1.94	1	0
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	0	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	0	4.03	3	1
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	0	1.94	1	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	0	1.94	1	0
Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).	0	1.94	1	0
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Anaplasma Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	0	1.94	1	0
Bleeding Between Periods [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	0	1.94	1	0
Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.	0	1.94	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	0	1.94	1	0
Absence of Cerebral Hemispheres, Congenital [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	0	2.35	2	0
Measles, German [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Scarlet Fever Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.	0	1.94	1	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	0	1.94	1	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	0	1.94	1	0
AL Amyloidosis [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis A nonproliferative disorder of the PLASMA CELL characterized by excessive production and misfolding of IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS that form insoluble amyloid fibrils (see AMYLOID DEPOSITS) in various tissues. Clinical features include LIVER FAILURE; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY, and neuropathies.	0	3.23	1	0
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	0	2.15	1	0
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	3.34	2	0
Thrombotic Microangiopathies Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.	0	2.1	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	0	2.01	1	0
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	0	2.01	1	0
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	0	3.78	2	1
Benign Optic Nerve Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	5.02	5	2
Nail Fungus [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.	0	2.03	1	0
Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.	0	3.27	2	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	0	5.62	10	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	0	1.96	1	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	0	2.37	2	0
Leukemic Infiltration A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.	0	6.36	8	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	0	4.3	4	1
P carinii Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Pneumocystis Infections Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.	0	1.98	1	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	4.3	1	1
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	0	3.37	1	1
Prolymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic A chronic leukemia characterized by a large number of circulating prolymphocytes. It can arise spontaneously or as a consequence of transformation of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.	0	2	1	0
Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)	0	2.01	1	0
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.36	1	1
Leukemia, Plasmacytic [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Plasma Cell A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.	0	1.97	1	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	0	3.36	1	1
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	0	3.36	1	1
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.	0	1.97	1	0
Erythroderma, Sezary [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Sezary Syndrome A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells).	0	1.97	1	0
alpha-Chain Disease [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Cancer of the Ureter [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.	0	2.88	1	0
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)	0	1.97	1	0
Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	0	1.97	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.96	1	0

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