endomorphin 1 profile

endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5311080
CHEMBL ID	316446
CHEBI ID	177580
MeSH ID	M0274734

Synonym
CHEMBL316446 ,
189388-22-5
CHEBI:177580
mfcd01321063
(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-n-[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
gtpl1623
endomorphin-1 ,
endomorphin 1
NCGC00163676-01
NCGC00163676-02
tyr-pro-trp-phe-nh2
tyrosyl-prolyl-tryptophyl-phenylalaninamide
endomorphin -1
ypwf-nh2
1-[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid [1-(1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide
1-[(s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid [1-((s)-(s)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide
(s)-n-((s)-1-((s)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-1-((s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
(s)-1-[(s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid [(s)-1-((s)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide
h-tyr-pro-trp-phe-nh2
bdbm50095155
l-phenylalaninamide,l-tyrosyl-l-prolyl-l-tryptophyl-
DTXSID10415505
c34h38n6o5
HB2410
AKOS024456355
l-phenylalaninamide, l-tyrosyl-l-prolyl-l-tryptophyl-
(2s)-2-{[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-n-[(1s)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanamide
HY-P0185
Q4531852
(s)-1-(l-tyrosyl)-n-((s)-1-(((s)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino)-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
AS-80638
l-tyrosyl-l-prolyl-l-tryptophyl-l-phenylalaninamide

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results suggest that the combination of chemical modification and liposome formulation has great potentials in improving the bioavailability of neuroactive peptides."	( In vitro stability and permeability studies of liposomal delivery systems for a novel lipophilic endomorphin 1 analogue. Blanchfield, JT; Koda, Y; Liang, MT; Toth, I, 2008)	0.56
"In recent study, in order to improve the bioavailability of endomorphin-1 (EM-1), we designed and synthesized a series of novel EM-1 analogs by replacement of L-Pro(2) by β-Pro, D-Ala or Sar, together with C-terminal oligoarginine-conjugation."	( Novel endomorphin-1 analogs with C-terminal oligoarginine-conjugation display systemic antinociceptive activity with less gastrointestinal side effects. Diao, YX; Gu, N; Qiu, TT; Wang, CL; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.42
" However, poor bioavailability and low resistance to enzymatic degradation impede their direct application in the treatment of inflammation."	( MEL endomorphins act as potent inflammatory analgesics with the inhibition of activated non-neuronal cells and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cui, JM; Han, CZ; Liu, X; Luo, KY; Ma, MT; Wang, LQ; Wang, R; Wang, Y; Wang, ZJ; Wei, S; Zhang, XH; Zhao, L, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Endomorphin-1 potentiated viral expression, in a bell-shaped dose-response manner with maximal enhancement approximately equal to 35% at 10(-10) M, in both mixed glial/neuronal cell and purified microglial cell cultures."	( Endomorphin-1 potentiates HIV-1 expression in human brain cell cultures: implication of an atypical mu-opioid receptor. Chao, CC; Gekker, G; Hu, S; Lokensgard, J; Peterson, PK; Portoghese, PS, 1999)	0.3
" The dose-response curves revealed the development of acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) to endomorphin."	( Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal endomorphin-1 and -2 in rats. Benedek, G; Horvath, G; Szikszay, M; Tömböly, C, 1999)	0.3
" Electroacupuncture enhanced the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal endomorphin-1 in the formalin test, resulting in a significant leftward shift in the dose-response curves for intrathecal endomorphin-1 antinociception."	( Electroacupuncture potentiates the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal endomorphin-1 in the rat formalin test. Hao, S; Iwasaki, H; Takahata, O, 2000)	0.31
") that was inactive against DAMGO, did not affect endomorphin-1-induced antinociception but shifted the dose-response curve of endomorphin-2 3-fold to the right."	( Differential antagonism of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 spinal antinociception by naloxonazine and 3-methoxynaltrexone. Fujimura, T; Hayashi, T; Kastin, AJ; Murayama, K; Sakurada, C; Sakurada, S; Sakurada, T; Takeshita, M; Yonezawa, A; Yuhki, M; Zadina, JE, 2000)	0.31
" The MOR internalization is dose-dependent, with a similar dose-response to that observed for opioid-induced increases in potassium conductance."	( Postsynaptic signaling via the [mu]-opioid receptor: responses of dorsal horn neurons to exogenous opioids and noxious stimulation. Abbadie, C; Basbaum, AI; Marek, K; Trafton, JA, 2000)	0.31
" Dose-response curves were determined for endomorphin-1 (0."	( The synergistic antinociceptive interactions of endomorphin-1 with dexmedetomidine and/or S(+)-ketamine in rats. Benedek, G; Dobos, I; Horvath, G; Joo, G; Klimscha, W; Toth, G, 2001)	0.31
" A 2-h pretreatment with endomorphin-1 (30 nmol) produced a 3-fold shift to the right in the dose-response curve for endomorphin-1."	( Acute antinociceptive tolerance and asymmetric cross-tolerance between endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 given intracerebroventricularly in the mouse. Fujimoto, JM; Hung, KC; Mizoguchi, H; Tseng, LF; Wu, HE, 2001)	0.31
" The failure of naloxone to completely antagonize the effect of the higher concentration of EM-1 or EM-2 could be due to insufficient dosage or might indicate the involvement of non-opiate receptor mechanisms."	( Effect of endomorphin on somatostatin secretion in the isolated perfused rat stomach. Allescher, HD; Lippl, F; Schusdziarra, V, )	0.13
" and co-administration of 3-methylnaltrexone shifted the dose-response curves for endomorphin-2 induced antinociception to the right by 4-fold."	( Differential antagonism of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 supraspinal antinociception by naloxonazine and 3-methylnaltrexone. Fujimura, T; Hayashi, T; Kastin, AJ; Murayama, K; Sakurada, C; Sakurada, S; Sakurada, T; Sato, T; Takeshita, M; Yonezawa, A; Yuhki, M; Zadina, JE, 2002)	0.31
" However, injection of nifedipine into the vPAG potentiated the antinociceptive effect of endomorphin-1, producing a significant leftward shift in the dose-response curve of endomorphin-1 in both the tail-flick and tail-pressure tests."	( Nifedipine potentiates the antinociceptive effect of endomorphin-1 microinjected into the periaqueductal gray in rats. Cousins, MJ; Fink, DJ; Hao, S; Iwasaki, H; Mamiya, K; Mata, M; Takahata, O, 2003)	0.32
" Endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2 and deltorphin I at the dosage of 1, 10, 100 nmol/embryo could stimulate angiogenesis dose-dependently, respectively."	( Endogenous opioid peptides, endomorphin-1 and -2 and deltorphin I, stimulate angiogenesis in the CAM assay. Cui, SG; Dai, X; Liu, Q; Song, HJ; Wang, R; Wang, T, 2008)	0.35
" In several situations, including clinical depression, MIF-1 exhibits an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship in which increasing doses can result in decreasing effects."	( From MIF-1 to endomorphin: the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides. Kastin, AJ; Pan, W, 2007)	0.34
" Thus, like given systemically, (+)-morphine given into the posterior nucleus accumbens shell also induces a U-shaped dose-response curve for attenuating the (-)-morphine-produced conditioned place preference."	( (+)-Morphine attenuates the (-)-morphine-produced conditioned place preference and the mu-opioid receptor-mediated dopamine increase in the posterior nucleus accumbens of the rat. Hong, JS; Hung, KC; Schwasinger, ET; Terashvili, M; Tseng, LF; Wu, HE, 2008)	0.35
" Therefore, coadministration of AEA did not significantly shift the dose-response curve to EM-1."	( Antinociceptive interactions between anandamide and endomorphin-1 at the spinal level. Benedek, G; Horvath, G; Mecs, L; Tuboly, G, 2009)	0.35

Class	Description
oligopeptide	A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	63.0957	0.0040	23.8416	100.0000	AID485290
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1122	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1468
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.8876	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0011	0.0001	1.2092	9.9700	AID408420
Adenosine receptor A1	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	0.0011	0.0000	0.7131	6.0000	AID408420
Delta-type opioid receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	855.0130	0.0001	0.7298	10.0000	AID426389; AID749871
Delta-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	4.2847	0.0000	0.6068	9.2330	AID1196465; AID1277619; AID149817; AID1667818; AID1807959; AID339692
Mu-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0005	0.0001	0.8874	10.0000	AID242329
Mu-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0044	0.0000	0.3845	8.6000	AID1196464; AID1277617; AID151616; AID151770; AID151771; AID1667817; AID1807958; AID239174; AID339690; AID339691; AID749873
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	6.6842	0.0000	0.1868	3.9500	AID148592; AID1667819; AID1807960
Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0275	0.0001	0.8133	10.0000	AID408424; AID695716; AID695935
Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0158	0.0000	0.4197	10.0000	AID1252982; AID148592; AID1917879; AID382893; AID408420; AID449582; AID695711; AID695934; AID698507
Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8685	0.0000	0.5978	9.9300	AID1252983; AID148592; AID695712; AID695933; AID698508; AID749872
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	3.7115	0.0000	0.2018	6.4240	AID1196466; AID1277618
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.4412	0.0000	0.3624	10.0000	AID148592; AID1872018; AID695713
Mu-type opioid receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0363	0.0008	1.6992	10.0000	AID151138
Mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	0.0046	0.0000	0.2786	9.0000	AID749873
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Mu-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.5180	0.0000	0.0647	0.9320	AID277680; AID339695
Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0208	0.0000	0.3263	9.4000	AID1252985; AID1667820; AID1807965; AID1872048; AID277678; AID698512
Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.9320	0.0000	0.4332	8.3000	AID277680
Mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	EC50 (µMol)	0.9320	0.0000	0.0493	0.9320	AID277680
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Bos taurus (cattle)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine receptor A1	Bos taurus (cattle)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanol	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transport	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to morphine	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to stress	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of NMDA receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transport	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to toxic substance	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine secretion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
maternal behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
estrous cycle	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of saliva secretion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of temperature stimulus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to acrylamide	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of eating behavior	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
conditioned place preference	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-endorphin receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
morphine receptor activity	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta-subunit binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase binding	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase binding	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dynorphin receptor activity	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endosome	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Mu-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
spine apparatus	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicle	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubule	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Kappa-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Mu-type opioid receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (194)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID382897	Effect on internalization of mu opioid receptor in HEK293 cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Internalisation of the mu-opioid receptor by endomorphin-1 and leu-enkephalin is dependant on aromatic amino acid residues.
AID749876	Inhibition of mu opioid receptor in guinea pig ileum/longitudinal muscle with myenteric plexus assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID408419	Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of the human Caco-2 membrane	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID1252985	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor (unknown origin) transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID1667818	Displacement of [3H]-DPDPE from Wistar rat delta opioid receptor incubated for 3 hrs by liquid scintillation counting method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID1277617	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from rat cortical MOR by liquid scintillation counting method	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists from Cyclic Peptides Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly]: Synthesis, Biological, and Structural Evaluation.
AID239174	Inhibition of [3H]-DAMGO binding to Opioid receptor mu 1 of rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 47, Issue:21	Synthesis and evaluation of the affinity toward mu-opioid receptors of atypical, lipophilic ligands based on the sequence c[-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-Gly-].
AID151138	Inhibition of Mu opioid receptor of mouse vas deferens	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID695712	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from delta-opioid receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells after overnight incubation by scintillation proximity assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID1196472	Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as change in cell morphology at 3.3 uM measured over 30 mins by label free binding assay relative to DPDPE	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID1456633	Selectivity ratio of Ki for displacement of [3H]DPDPE from delta-opioid receptor in Wistar rat membrane to Ki for displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu-opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane
AID1917879	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from human cloned mu-opioid receptor by radioligand binding assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20	Recent Scaffold Hopping Applications in Central Nervous System Drug Discovery.
AID1196466	Displacement of [3H]U69,593 from guinea pig cortex/cerebella kappa opioid receptor after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID695714	Selectivity ratio of Ki for delta-opioid receptor to Ki for mu-opioid receptor	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID698512	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counter	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1562920	Displacement of [3H]JWH-018 from CB1R/CB2R in Wistar rat brain membranes at 10 uM after 60 mins by liquid scintillation analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178	Preparation of bivalent agonists for targeting the mu opioid and cannabinoid receptors.
AID1807976	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 0.67 to 20 nmol, icv measured after 20 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID408418	Metabolic stability assessed as half life in human Caco-2 cell homogenate	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID382893	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in human SH-SY5Y cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Internalisation of the mu-opioid receptor by endomorphin-1 and leu-enkephalin is dependant on aromatic amino acid residues.
AID149817	Displacement of [3H]Ile5,6-deltorphin II from opioid receptor delta 1 of rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1807964	Inhibition of electric-field induced mouse vas deferens contraction	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID398178	Stability in rat brain homogenates assessed as degradation half life	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2.
AID1277621	Selectivity ratio of Ki for rat cortical DOR to Ki for rat cortical MOR	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists from Cyclic Peptides Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly]: Synthesis, Biological, and Structural Evaluation.
AID749873	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from rat mu opioid receptor expressed in mouse HN9.10 cell membranes	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID151432	Concentration required for inhibition of [3H]DAMGO binding to Opioid receptor mu 1 in rat brain membranes	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-18, Volume: 10, Issue:24	Synthesis and binding activity of endomorphin-1 analogues containing beta-amino acids.
AID295477	Displacement of [3H]deltorphin2 from delta opioid receptor in rat brain membrane	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 15, Issue:11	Differential receptor binding characteristics of consecutive phenylalanines in micro-opioid specific peptide ligand endomorphin-2.
AID1456636	Half life in Kunming mouse brain homogenate at 500 uM by RP-HPLC method
AID695713	Displacement of [3H]diprenorphine from kappa-opioid receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells after overnight incubation by scintillation proximity assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID339696	Half life in rat brain membrane homogenate	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID695936	Selectivity ratio of Ki for DOP receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells to Ki for MOP receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives.
AID1277620	Selectivity ratio of Ki for guinea pig KOR to Ki for rat cortical MOR	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists from Cyclic Peptides Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly]: Synthesis, Biological, and Structural Evaluation.
AID151616	Binding affinity towards Opioid receptor mu 1	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-18, Volume: 10, Issue:24	Synthesis and binding activity of endomorphin-1 analogues containing beta-amino acids.
AID698513	Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor in Kunming mouse vas deferens assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction in presence of delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID277678	Activity at mu opioid receptor assessed as increase in calcium level in CHO cells by aequorin luminescence based calcium assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID1252982	Displacement of [3H]-DAMGO from mu opioid receptor (unknown origin) transfected in HEK293 cells	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID408417	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from delta opioid receptor in rat brain membrane	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID339692	Displacement of [3H]Ile5,6deltorphin-2 from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID293121	Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor in mouse vas deferens assessed as inhibition of electrically evoked muscle contractions	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3	Transformation of mu-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent mu-opioid receptor antagonists.
AID339693	Selectivity ratio of Ki for displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor over Ki for displacement of [3H]Ile5,6deltorphin from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID1253002	Antinociceptive activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of tail flick at 4 mg/kg, iv measured at 5 to 60 mins	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID1252984	Selectivity ratio of Ki for delta opioid receptor (unknown origin) to Ki for mu opioid receptor (unknown origin)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID695707	Apparent permeability across human Caco2 cells at 200 uM by LC/MS analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID151447	Inhibitory activity against [3H]DAMGO binding to Opioid receptor mu 1 in rat brain membranes	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12	Endomorphin-1 analogues containing beta-proline are mu-opioid receptor agonists and display enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resistance.
AID698516	Agonist activity at human FLAG-tagged mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after 10 mins by Western blot analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID408424	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in human SHSY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID587666	Agonist activity at opioid receptor in mu rat brain membrane by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay relative to baseline in presence of opioid-selective antagonist naloxone	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID749871	Inhibition of delta opioid receptor in mouse vas deferens assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID1371090	Displacement of [3H]-DPDPE from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes preincubated for 3 hrs measured after 1 hr by scintillation counting method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID1807965	Agonist activity at mu-opioid receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 15 mins by ELISA	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID195718	In vitro effective dose against [35S]GTP-gamma-S, binding to rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID698510	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in guinea pig ileum assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1196467	Selectivity ratio of Ki for rat cortex delta opioid receptor to Ki for rat cortex mu opioid receptor	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID1249927	Displacement of [3H]diprenorphine from zebrafish delta1b opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes by radioligand displacement assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-13, Volume: 6, Issue:8	Modulation of the Interaction between a Peptide Ligand and a G Protein-Coupled Receptor by Halogen Atoms.
AID1807960	Displacement of [3H]-U69593 from KOR in Wistar rat brain membranes measured after 1 hr by scintillation counting method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID698520	Half life in mouse brain homogenates	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1249925	Displacement of [3H]diprenorphine from zebrafish mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes by radioligand displacement assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-13, Volume: 6, Issue:8	Modulation of the Interaction between a Peptide Ligand and a G Protein-Coupled Receptor by Halogen Atoms.
AID339690	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID1667822	Half life in Kunming mouse brain homogenate at 10'-2 mol/L by RP-HPLC analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID698511	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for mu opioid receptor in guinea pig ileum to IC50 for delta opioid receptor in Kunming mouse vas deferens	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID587667	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in rat brain membrane by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay relative to baseline	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID1277618	Displacement of [3H]U69,593 from guinea pig KOR after 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting method	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists from Cyclic Peptides Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly]: Synthesis, Biological, and Structural Evaluation.
AID1872050	Stability in mouse brain homogenate assessed as half life	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1456637	Half life in Kunming mouse plasma at 500 uM by RP-HPLC method
AID277682	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor by inhibition of electrically evoked muscle contraction in guinea pig ileum	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID408421	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in rat brain membrane	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID295478	Selectivity for rat mu opioid receptor over rat delta opioid	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 15, Issue:11	Differential receptor binding characteristics of consecutive phenylalanines in micro-opioid specific peptide ligand endomorphin-2.
AID408422	Selectivity for rat mu opioid receptor over rat delta opioid receptor	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID587664	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in rat brain membrane by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID242329	Inhibition of [3H]DAMGO binding to Opioid receptor mu 1 of rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 47, Issue:21	Synthesis and evaluation of the affinity toward mu-opioid receptors of atypical, lipophilic ligands based on the sequence c[-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-Gly-].
AID1277619	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from rat cortical DOR after 2.5 hrs by liquid scintillation counting method	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists from Cyclic Peptides Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly]: Synthesis, Biological, and Structural Evaluation.
AID587665	Half life in rat brain homogenate by RP-HPLC	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID587662	Displacement of [3H][Ile5,6]deltorphin2 from delta opioid receptor in rat brain membrane homogenate by liquid scintillation counting	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID1252999	Antinociceptive activity in mouse prolonged tonic phase inflammatory pain model assessed as inhibition of formalin-induced licking/biting behavior at 4 mg/kg, iv	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID277684	Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor by inhibition of electrically evoked muscle contraction in isolated mouse vas deferens	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID1807970	Metabolic stability in Kunming mouse serum assessed as half life measured upto 480 mins by RP-HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1075901	Half life in human plasma by RP-HPLC analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 24, Issue:5	Delivery of a lactose derivative of endomorphin 1 to the brain via the olfactory epithelial pathway.
AID426389	Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor in mouse vas deference assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated contraction	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and evaluation of new endomorphin analogues modified at the Pro(2) residue.
AID1807972	Antinociceptive activity in icv dosed Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1807963	Inhibition of electric-field induced guinea pig ileum contraction	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID295476	Displacement of [3H]DAGO from mu opioid receptor in rat brain membrane	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 15, Issue:11	Differential receptor binding characteristics of consecutive phenylalanines in micro-opioid specific peptide ligand endomorphin-2.
AID151770	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from Opioid receptor mu 1 of rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1808010	Chronic antinociceptive tolerance in Kunming mouse pretreated with compound followed by repeated compound addition at 20 nmol, icv once daily for 7 days and measured after 5 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal test	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID231320	Relative affinity for delta and kappa opioid receptors	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1667820	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor (unknown origin) expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation using [3H]-cAMP as substrate measured after 30mins by liquid scintillation counting method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID1808004	Tolerance ratio of ED50 for Kunming mouse pretreated with 3 times ED50 of compound for 2 hrs followed by challenge with second dose of compound to ED50 for Kunming mouse pretreated with saline for 2 hrs followed by compound addition	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1807974	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 0.67 to 20 nmol, icv measured after 5 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID426387	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in rat brain membrane by liquid scintillation counting	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and evaluation of new endomorphin analogues modified at the Pro(2) residue.
AID1249928	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for zebrafish delta1a opioid receptor to Ki for zebrafish mu opioid receptor	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-13, Volume: 6, Issue:8	Modulation of the Interaction between a Peptide Ligand and a G Protein-Coupled Receptor by Halogen Atoms.
AID277680	Activity at delta opioid receptor assessed as increase in calcium level in CHO cells by aequorin luminescence based calcium assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID195849	In vitro percent maximal stimulation of [35S]GTP-gamma-S, binding by the compound in rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1667824	Antinociceptive activity in kunming mouse models assessed as inhibition of tail-flick response by tail-flick assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID293117	Displacement of [3H]deltorphin 2 from delta opioid receptor in rat brain P2 synaptosome	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3	Transformation of mu-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent mu-opioid receptor antagonists.
AID587663	Selectivity ratio of Ki for delta opioid receptor in rat brain to mu opioid receptor in rat brain	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID695715	Selectivity ratio of Ki for kappa-opioid receptor to Ki for mu-opioid receptor	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID1252998	Antinociceptive activity in mouse acute phase inflammatory pain model assessed as inhibition of formalin-induced licking/biting behavior at 4 mg/kg, iv	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID1808003	Antinociceptive tolerance in Kunming mouse pretreated with 3 times ED50 of compound for 2 hrs followed by challenge with second dose of compound by radiant heat paw withdrawal test	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1807980	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 20 nmol, icv pretreated for 20 mins with naloxonazine followed by compound addition and measured upto 10 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1196465	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from rat cortex delta opioid receptor after 2.5 hrs by liquid scintillation counting analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID695722	Antinociceptive activity in Sprague-Dawley rat chronic constriction injury model assessed as paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament-induced pain 16 umol/kg, iv administered as bolus injection measured at 15 mins	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID398174	Displacement of [3H][Ile5,6]deltorphin-2 from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2.
AID12705	Half-life in rat brain homogenate	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1667819	Displacement of[3H]-U69,593 from Wistar rat kappa opioid receptor incubated for 1.5 hrs by liquid scintillation counting method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID1807973	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 0.67 to 20 nmol, icv by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID698508	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from Myc-tagged delta opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 60 mins by liquid scintillation counter	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1371089	Displacement of [3H]-DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes preincubated for 1 hr measured after 1hr by scintillation counting method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID151771	Displacement of [3H]endomorphin-2 from Opioid receptor mu 1 of rat brain membranes	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1872052	Stability in rat plasma assessed as half life	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1807982	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 20 nmol, icv pretreated for 30 mins with nor-BNI followed by compound addition and measured upto 10 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1252989	Antinociceptive activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of tail flick at 2 to 20 nmol, icv measured after 30 mins	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID1252986	Antinociceptive activity in icv dosed mouse assessed as inhibition of tail flick measured at 5 to 60 mins	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID1807983	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 10 micromol/kg, sc by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID751788	Antiallodynic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat chronic constriction injury model assessed as change in ipsilateral hindpaw withdrawal threshold at 0.16 to 16 umol/kg, iv administered as single bolus dose separated by 2 to 3 days wash-out period	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Peripherally acting novel lipo-endomorphin-1 peptides in neuropathic pain without producing constipation.
AID1807978	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 20 nmol, icv pretreated for 10 mins with naloxone followed by compound addition and measured upto 10 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID695711	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu-opioid receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells after overnight incubation by scintillation proximity assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID293116	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in rat brain P2 synaptosome	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3	Transformation of mu-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent mu-opioid receptor antagonists.
AID339695	Activity at mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain assessed as stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID1667834	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor (unknown origin) expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation using [3H]-cAMP as substrate measured after 30mins by liquid scintillation counting method relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID1196471	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as change in cell morphology at 3.3 uM measured over 30 mins by label free binding assay relative to DAMGO	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID1196475	Half life in rat brain homogenate at 10 uM	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID1252988	Antinociceptive activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of tail flick at 2 to 20 nmol, icv measured up to 30 mins relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID587661	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in rat brain membrane homogenate by liquid scintillation counting	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications.
AID1807971	Octanol/buffer distribution coefficient, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 by RP-HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID698507	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from FLAG-tagged mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 60 mins by liquid scintillation counter	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID277689	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as effect on paw licking by hot plate method at 10 ug	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID149744	Inhibition of Opioid receptor mu 1 of guinea pig ileum	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID695935	Agonist activity at MOP receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 30 mins	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives.
AID398173	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2.
AID1872018	Displacement of [3H]U69593 from KOP (unknown origin) stably expressed in HEK293 cells by liquid scintillation counter analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1807961	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for displacement of [3H]DPDPE from DOR in Wistar rat brain membranes to Ki for displacement of [3H]DAMGO from MOR in Wistar rat brain membranes	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID148592	Displacement of [3H]dynorphin A from Opioid receptor kappa 1 of rat brain membranes (DAMGO/DADLE quenching of mu/delta receptor binding)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID1371095	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse assessed as increase in latency to withdrawal by measuring AUC at 10 mg/kg, sc measured up to 45 mins post dose by tail-flick test	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID1808013	Toxicity in icv dosed Kunming mouse assessed as inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by measuring charcoal distance travel by charcoal meal test	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1872048	Agonist activity at human MOP assessed as forskolin stimulated cAMP accumulation	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID398175	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for delta opioid receptor to IC50 for mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2.
AID1456659	Antinociceptive activity in mouse model of thermal-induced nociception assessed as increase in latency to tail withdrawal at 10 nmol/kg, icv measured up to 60 mins by tail flick test
AID1667825	Antinociceptive activity in kunming mouse models assessed as maximum possible effect at 0.4 nmol, icv measured from 5 to 60 mins by warm water tail-flick assay relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID339694	Selectivity ratio of Ki for displacement of [3H]endomorphin-2 from mu opioid receptor over Ki for displacement of [3H]Ile5,6deltorphin-2 from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID1807962	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for displacement of [3H]-U69593 from KOR in Wistar rat brain membranes to Ki for displacement of [3H]DAMGO from MOR in Wistar rat brain membranes	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID698515	Agonist activity at human FLAG-tagged mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation at 10 nM after 10 mins by Western blot analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID695716	Agonist activity at mu-opioid receptor in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by immunoassay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID449582	Binding affinity to human mu opioid receptor	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 19, Issue:18	Molecular modeling studies to predict the possible binding modes of endomorphin analogs in mu opioid receptor.
AID1371091	Selectivity ratio of Ki from delta opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes to Ki from mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membranes	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID1667828	Antinociceptive activity in kunming mouse models assessed as effective dose after icv administration measured from 5 to 60 mins by warm water tail-flick assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID698514	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counter relative to control	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1872049	Stability in mouse serum assessed as half life	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1371093	Half life in Kunming mouse plasma at 500 uM by RP-HPLC analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID749872	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from human delta opioid receptor expressed in mouse HN9.10 cell membranes	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID226741	Relative inhibition of mu opioid receptor of guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 47, Issue:3	Structure-activity study on the Phe side chain arrangement of endomorphins using conformationally constrained analogues.
AID408423	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in human SHSY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production at 100 nM	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID1667836	Antinociceptive activity in kunming mouse models assessed as maximum possible effect at 4 nmol, icv measured from 5 to 60 mins by warm water tail-flick assay relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID1456634	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu-opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane after 1 hr by microbeta scintillation counting method
AID293118	Selectivity for rat mu opioid receptor over rat delta opioid receptor	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3	Transformation of mu-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent mu-opioid receptor antagonists.
AID426390	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in guinea pig ileum assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated contraction	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and evaluation of new endomorphin analogues modified at the Pro(2) residue.
AID695938	Apparent permeability across human Caco2 cells st 200 uM measured over 150 mins by LC/MS analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives.
AID698509	Selectivity ratio of Ki for Myc-tagged delta opioid receptor to Ki for FLAG-tagged mu opioid receptor	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID695933	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from DOP receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells after overnight incubation by beta counting method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives.
AID698506	Agonist activity at delta opioid receptor in Kunming mouse vas deferens assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1667823	Half life in Kunming mouse serum at 10'-2 mol/L by RP-HPLC analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID277691	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as effect on jumping by hot plate method at 10 ug	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID1807979	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse model assessed as increase in paw withdrawal latency at 20 nmol, icv pretreated for 4 hrs with beta-FNA followed by compound addition and measured upto 10 mins by radiant heat paw withdrawal assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID695934	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from MOP receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells after overnight incubation by beta counting method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives.
AID1667817	Displacement of [3H]-DAMGO from Wistar rat mu opioid receptor incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Design, synthesis, and biological activity of new endomorphin analogs with multi-site modifications.
AID277690	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as effect on rearing by hot plate method at 10 ug	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-08, Volume: 50, Issue:3	Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt(1), D-2-Nal(4)]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2).
AID1872053	Stability in human plasma assessed as half life	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources.
AID1196468	Selectivity ratio of Ki for guinea pig cortex/cerebella kappa opioid receptor to Ki for rat cortex mu opioid receptor	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID1456635	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from delta-opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain membrane after 3 hrs by microbeta scintillation counting method
AID1808002	Antinociceptive tolerance in Kunming mouse pretreated with saline for 2 hrs followed by compound addition by radiant heat paw withdrawal test	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1252983	Displacement of [3H]-DPDPE from delta opioid receptor (unknown origin) transfected in HEK293 cells	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration.
AID339691	Displacement of [3H]endomorphin-2 from mu opioid receptor in Wistar rat brain	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	New endomorphin analogues containing alicyclic beta-amino acids: influence on bioactive conformation and pharmacological profile.
AID698517	Agonist activity at human FLAG-tagged mu opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation at 1 pM after 10 mins by Western blot analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1807969	Metabolic stability in Kunming mouse brain assessed as half life measured upto 480 mins by RP-HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1808015	Toxicity in Kunming mouse model assessed as conditioned place preference time at 20 nmol, icv	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1196464	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from rat cortex mu opioid receptor after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92	Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel endomorphin analogues containing α-hydroxy-β-phenylalanine (AHPBA) displaying mixed μ/δ opioid receptor agonist and δ opioid receptor antagonist activities.
AID201473	Potency for inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12	Endomorphin-1 analogues containing beta-proline are mu-opioid receptor agonists and display enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resistance.
AID1808014	Toxicity in Kunming mouse assessed as inhibition of gastrointestinal transit at 10 micromol/kg, sc by charcoal meal test (Rvb = 70.3 +/- 3 %)	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1808016	Toxicity in Kunming mouse model assessed as conditioned place preference time at 10 micromol/kg, sc	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1807959	Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from DOR in Wistar rat brain membranes measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID293119	Agonist activity at mu opioid receptor in Hartley guinea pig intestine assessed as inhibition of electrically evoked myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle contractions	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3	Transformation of mu-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent mu-opioid receptor antagonists.
AID695937	Half life in human Caco2 cell homogenate at 200 uM by LC/MS analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of endomorphin-1/substance P derivatives.
AID1371094	Antinociceptive activity in Kunming mouse assessed as increase in latency to withdrawal by measuring AUC at 20 nmol/kg, i.c.v measured up to 45 mins post dose by tail-flick test	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID695706	Half life in human plasma at 1 mg/ml by RP-HPLC analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID151468	Binding affinity towards Opioid receptor mu 1 by displacing [3H]DAMGO in rat brain membranes.	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12	Endomorphin-1 analogues containing beta-proline are mu-opioid receptor agonists and display enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resistance.
AID408420	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from mu opioid receptor in human SHSY5Y cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides.
AID1807958	Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from MOR in Wistar rat brain membranes measured after 1 hr by scintillation counting method	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1807966	Agonist activity at mu-opioid receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 15 mins by ELISA relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 64, Issue:22	Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects.
AID1371092	Half life in Kunming mouse 15% brain homogenate at 500 uM by RP-HPLC analysis	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Original endomorphin-1 analogues exhibit good analgesic effects.
AID695718	Plasma concentration in Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 umol/kg, po from 30 to 60 mins by LC/MS analysis	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-28, Volume: 55, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of an orally active glycosylated endomorphin-1.
AID1249926	Displacement of [3H]diprenorphine from zebrafish delta1a opioid receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes by radioligand displacement assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-13, Volume: 6, Issue:8	Modulation of the Interaction between a Peptide Ligand and a G Protein-Coupled Receptor by Halogen Atoms.
AID698518	Antinociceptive activity in icv dosed Kunming mouse assessed as inhibition of heat-induced tail flick after 5 to 60 mins	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map).
AID1346364	Human mu receptor (Opioid receptors)	1997	Nature, Apr-03, Volume: 386, Issue:6624	A potent and selective endogenous agonist for the mu-opiate receptor.
AID1346361	Human delta receptor (Opioid receptors)	1998	FEBS letters, Nov-13, Volume: 439, Issue:1-2	Endomorphins fully activate a cloned human mu opioid receptor.
AID1346364	Human mu receptor (Opioid receptors)	1998	FEBS letters, Nov-13, Volume: 439, Issue:1-2	Endomorphins fully activate a cloned human mu opioid receptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	62 (14.03)	18.2507
2000's	256 (57.92)	29.6817
2010's	104 (23.53)	24.3611
2020's	20 (4.52)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (0.45%)	5.53%
Reviews	29 (6.47%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	417 (93.08%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	3.54	8	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.43	2	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.01	1	0	amino-acid anion
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.04	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.27	6	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.11	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	3.55	2	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
taurine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.01	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is cyclohexanecarboxylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino acid
2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.08	1	0
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.42	2	0	monoazo compound
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.52	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
baclofen [no description available]	2.42	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.43	2	0	clonidine; imidazoline
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors	4.1	15	0
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2	1	0	primary amine
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.87	3	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.4	2	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.46	2	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	4.23	5	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	2.04	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.4	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2.78	3	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.41	2	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.01	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.08	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.03	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.75	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	2.25	1	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.01	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2	1	0
corticosterone [no description available]	2.41	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.03	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.47	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.01	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.02	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.01	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.42	2	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.75	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	7.1	1	0	lactose
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.01	4	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.51	2	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
diisobutyl ketone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ketone
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.07	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.01	1	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.08	1	0	indazole
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.71	3	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.04	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.17	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.74	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.58	2	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole: structure in first source. 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.	3.51	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; phenols	geroprotector
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.48	2	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.05	1	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source	3.51	1	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.44	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	7.04	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.73	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.25	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	2.13	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	2.01	1	0
substance p [no description available]	3.9	12	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.53	8	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	4.22	17	0
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.4	7	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.43	2	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
u 37883a U 37883A: an antagonist of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.41	2	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	2.04	1	0	isourea
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.1	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
diprotin a [no description available]	2.71	3	0	peptide
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid: used as a substitute for amino acids in synthetic peptides	2.02	1	0
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	3.1	5	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
sr141716 [no description available]	2.21	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.06	1	0
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	2.73	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer	2.03	1	0
ci 988 PD 134308: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist; inhibits growth of LoVo, a human colon cancer cell line; structure given in first source	2	1	0
n-n-propyl-n-phenylethyl-4(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.01	1	0
quadazocine quadazocine: RN given refers to (2 alpha,6 alpha,11S*)-(+-)-isomer	2.02	1	0
tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide: found in rat brain	4.2	5	0
morphiceptin, n-me-phe(3)- morphiceptin, N-Me-Phe(3)-: RN given refers to D-prolinamide, all L-isomer	2.69	3	0
morphiceptin morphiceptin: synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer; see also related heptapeptide beta-casomorphin; RN given refers to parent cpd(L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro)-isomer	2.93	4	0	oligopeptide
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.04	1	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
luzindole luzindole: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. luzindole : A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; indoles	melatonin receptor antagonist
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide: dermorphin analog	2.41	1	0
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)- [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.72	3	0
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide: endogenous opioid antagonist octapeptide from bovine brain	2.55	2	0
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	3.16	1	0	dipeptide
dehydroalanine 2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.	2.1	1	0	2,3-dehydroamino acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; enamine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	alkylating agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2',6'-dimethyltyrosine 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine: structure given in first source	2.77	3	0
dermorphin, arg(2)- dermorphin, Arg(2)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.41	1	0
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	2.41	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-sarcosine tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-sarcosine: has opioid activity; dermorphin analog	2.03	1	0
tyrosyl-prolyl-tryptophyl-glycinamide tyrosyl-prolyl-tryptophyl-glycinamide: isolated from human brain cortex; acts as both opiate agonist and antagonist	3.11	5	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.63	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.05	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.42	2	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	3.82	2	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	7	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.01	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.02	1	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	3.12	5	0	morphinane alkaloid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	5.85	30	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
(e)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-n-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and antihyperalgesic agent; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	3.41	7	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
mitragynine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
beta-proline beta-proline: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
deltorphin deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2	2.03	1	0	peptide
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	2.92	4	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
paynantheine paynantheine: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
sr140333b SR140333B: a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.46	2	0
substance p [no description available]	2.46	2	0	pentapeptide
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.42	2	0
am 630 iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	N-acylindole
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.45	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
arachidonyl dopamine arachidonyl dopamine: a ligand for the vanilloid receptor VR1	2.06	1	0	catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.05	1	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.08	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	7.04	74	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.21	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	10.25	49	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
7-benzylidenenaltrexone 7-benzylidenenaltrexone: structure given in first source; a highly selective delta1-opioid receptor antagonist	2	1	0	phenanthrenes
alpha-neoendorphin alpha-neoendorphin: precursor or leucine enkephalin family	2.47	2	0
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	4.42	21	0	morphinane alkaloid
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
endomorphin 2 endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain	10.66	250	0
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2	1	0
n-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide N-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide: a nociceptin antagonist; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	aminoquinoline
dihydromorphine Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	5.06	41	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.01	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.42	2	0	phenanthrenes
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- [no description available]	3.54	8	0	peptide
normorphine normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.81	11	0	isoquinolines
dermorphin dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin	3.76	2	0	oligopeptide
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	6.41	64	0
n-methylnaloxone N-methylnaloxone: quaternary derivative of naloxone	2.11	1	0
naltrindole benzofuran naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
biphalin biphalin: enkephalin dimer; two fragments of Ala(2)-enkephalin are connected by a diamine bridge to form above cpd; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	2.03	1	0	peptide
tyrosyl alanyl-glycyl-phenylalaninamide tyrosyl alanyl-glycyl-phenylalaninamide: tetrapeptide opiate	2.21	1	0
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	3.64	9	0	isoquinolines
cyprodime cyprodime: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
naloxone benzoylhydrazone naloxone benzoylhydrazone: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	3.12	5	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.03	1	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	1.99	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	2.04	1	0
naloxonazine naloxonazine: binds irreversibly to opiate receptor sites; structure given in first source	4.1	15	0
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2	1	0	oligopeptide
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	2.13	1	0	alkylbenzene
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- [no description available]	2.08	1	0	peptide
deltorphin i, ala(2)- deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.73	3	0	peptide
fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)	2.04	1	0
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	indolecarboxamide
substance p [no description available]	2.44	2	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2	1	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2	1	0
mitragynine, (3beta,16e,20beta)-isomer [no description available]	2.41	1	0
mitragynine speciogynine: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.05	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
morphine sulfate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	alkaloid sulfate salt
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.04	1	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2.42	2	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	4.19	16	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	6.34	11	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	3.45	1	1
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	3.45	1	1
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.06	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.04	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	2.17	1	0
nocistatin nocistatin: a peptide that blocks nociceptin action in pain transmission; amino acid sequence in first source	2.02	1	0
rimorphin rimorphin: tridecapeptide NH2-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr-COOH from bovine posterior pituitary gland; major leucine enkephalin containing peptide in tissue that contains dynorphin & alpha-neo-endorphin	2.75	3	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.08	1	0
rimorphin [no description available]	2	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.95	4	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.71	3	0
hemopressin hemopressin: hemoglobin alpha-chain fragment	3.61	2	0
cj 15,208 [no description available]	2.41	1	0
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2.01	1	0
22-thiocyanatosalvinorin a 22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	2	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.03	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.42	2	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	5.85	30	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.01	1	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	2.03	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.57	23	0
Ache [description not available]	7.75	52	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	7.75	52	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	3.97	13	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	3	4	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	5.36	12	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	3	4	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	5.36	12	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Impairment, Light Touch Sensation [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	4.03	4	0
Allodynia [description not available]	4.39	19	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	3.69	3	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	3.69	3	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	2.25	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	4.03	4	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.69	2	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cranial Nerve X Diseases [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.66	2	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.25	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	2.25	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.25	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.31	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	3.06	4	0
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	2.53	2	0
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.	2.15	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	6.05	12	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	6.05	12	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.15	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.08	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.08	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.08	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.08	1	0
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.	2.08	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.11	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.44	2	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2.13	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	2.13	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	2.13	1	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	2.13	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.43	2	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.04	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	3.27	6	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.46	2	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.05	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.05	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	4.45	8	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.73	3	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.05	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.05	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.37	2	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	3.86	4	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.06	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	2.99	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.45	1	1
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2.99	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.46	2	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.07	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	3.11	5	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	2.01	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.43	2	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	2.71	3	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.43	2	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.02	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.02	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.35	2	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	2.02	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.02	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.03	1	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	3.34	2	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.95	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	1.99	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.4	2	0
Itching [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	1.99	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	2	1	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	2	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2	1	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	2	1	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	2	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	2	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	2	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	2	1	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	2	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	2	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.92	1	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	2.01	1	0

endomorphin 1

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (32)

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (54)

Molecular Functions (12)

Ceullar Components (23)

Bioassays (194)

Research

Studies (442)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.86

Study Types

endomorphin 1

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (32)

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (54)

Molecular Functions (12)

Ceullar Components (23)

Bioassays (194)

Research

Studies (442)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.86

Study Types

Related Drugs (212)

Related Conditions (134)