Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Tryptophan Metabolism

Proteins (18)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
CatalaseEC 1.11.1.6Homo sapiens (human)
2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylaseEC 4.1.1.45; Picolinate carboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 1A1CYPIA1; EC 1.14.14.1; Cytochrome P450 form 6; Cytochrome P450-C; Cytochrome P450-P1; Hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase; 4.2.1.152Homo sapiens (human)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1IDO-1; EC 1.13.11.52; Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.2.1.3; ALDH class 2; ALDH-E2; ALDHIHomo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1EC 1.14.16.4; Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1Homo sapiens (human)
KynureninaseEC 3.7.1.3; L-kynurenine hydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Serotonin N-acetyltransferaseSerotonin acetylase; EC 2.3.1.87; Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase; AA-NATHomo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseTDO; EC 1.13.11.11; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan oxygenase; TO; TRPO; Tryptophan pyrrolase; TryptophanaseHomo sapiens (human)
Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrialKAT/AadAT; 2-aminoadipate aminotransferase; 2-aminoadipate transaminase; 2.6.1.39; Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase; AadAT; Kynurenine aminotransferase II; Kynurenine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase II; Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 2; 2.6.1.7; Homo sapiens (human)
Kynurenine formamidaseKFA; KFase; EC 3.5.1.9; Arylformamidase; N-formylkynurenine formamidase; FKFHomo sapiens (human)
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenaseEC 1.14.13.9; Kynurenine 3-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Indolethylamine N-methyltransferaseIndolamine N-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.49; EC 2.1.1.96; Aromatic alkylamine N-methyltransferase; Amine N-methyltransferase; Arylamine N-methyltransferase; Thioether S-methyltransferase; TEMTHomo sapiens (human)
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseAADC; EC 4.1.1.28; DOPA decarboxylase; DDCHomo sapiens (human)
3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenaseEC 1.13.11.6; 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase; 3-HAO; h3HAO; 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase; HADHomo sapiens (human)
Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferaseEC 2.1.1.4; Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase; HIOMTHomo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmicEC 6.1.1.2; Interferon-induced protein 53; IFP53; Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; TrpRS; hWRSHomo sapiens (human)
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, mitochondrialEC 6.1.1.2; (Mt)TrpRS; Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; TrpRSHomo sapiens (human)

Compounds (43)

CompoundDescription
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
glutamic acidA non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
NADH
5-hydroxytryptophanThe immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.
Adenosine TriphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
adenosine monophosphateAdenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
tryptophanAn essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
melatoninA biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Coenzyme A
quinolinic acidA metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.
tryptamineRN given refers to parent cpd
3-hydroxykynurenine, (L)-isomer
kynurenineA metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.
n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenaminemetabolite of melatonin; structure in first source
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
6-hydroxymelatonin
anthranilic acidRN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565
kynurenic acidA broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.
6-hydroxymelatonin
5-hydroxykynurenineRN given refers to cpd with no specified stereochemistry
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
SerotoninA biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
xanthurenic acid
NADA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alanineA non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
n-methyltryptamineRN given refers to parent cpd
indole-3-acetaldehyde
indoleacetic acidRN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841
3-hydroxyanthranilic acidAn oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.
N'-formylkynureninea photochemical breakdown product of tryptophan in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation
cinnabarinic acidstructure
n-methylserotoninRN given refers to parent cpd
5-hydroxykynuramineRN given refers to parent cpd; structure
5-methoxyindoleacetic acidserotonin metabolite
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
acetyl coenzyme aAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils
pyrophosphate
hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde
n-acetylserotonin