| Carbon Dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. |
| glutamic acid | A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| NADH | |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan | The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| adenosine monophosphate | Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. |
| tryptophan | An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals. |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials. |
| melatonin | A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| Coenzyme A | |
| quinolinic acid | A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS. |
| tryptamine | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| 3-hydroxykynurenine, (L)-isomer | |
| kynurenine | A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. |
| n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine | metabolite of melatonin; structure in first source |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid | |
| 6-hydroxymelatonin | |
| anthranilic acid | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565 |
| kynurenic acid | A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool. |
| 6-hydroxymelatonin | |
| 5-hydroxykynurenine | RN given refers to cpd with no specified stereochemistry |
| alpha-ketoglutaric acid | |
| Serotonin | A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. |
| xanthurenic acid | |
| NAD | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| alanine | A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| n-methyltryptamine | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| indole-3-acetaldehyde | |
| indoleacetic acid | RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841 |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid | An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen. |
| N'-formylkynurenine | a photochemical breakdown product of tryptophan in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation |
| cinnabarinic acid | structure |
| n-methylserotonin | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| 5-hydroxykynuramine | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure |
| 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid | serotonin metabolite |
| s-adenosylmethionine | Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed) |
| acetyl coenzyme a | Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. |
| creolin | from refined coal tar oils |
| pyrophosphate | |
| hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde | |
| n-acetylserotonin | |