A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Vitamin A deficiency is considered a widespread public health problem among preschool children in the developing countries." | ( Büyükgebiz, B; Oran, O; Ozalp, I, 1990) |
| "In areas where vitamin A deficiency is endemic, periodic massive vitamin A dose programs can also improve iron status of the population." | ( Bloem, MW; Saowakontha, S; Schreurs, WH; Speek, AJ; van Agtmaal, EJ; Wedel, M, 1990) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a serious problem throughout the developing world." | ( Sommer, A, 1989) |
| "The etiology of vitamin A deficiency is difficult to conclude (malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, inflammation)." | ( Amedée-Manesme, O; Carlier, C; Ellrodt, A; Lemmonier, D; Luzeau, R; Mourey, MS, 1989) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is the single most frequent cause of blindness among preschool children in developing countries." | ( DeMaeyer, EM, 1986) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem among preschool-aged children in many developing countries." | ( Bloem, MW; Hye, A; Ralte, A; Sommer, A; West, KP; Wijnroks, M, 1995) |
| "Subclinical vitamin A deficiency is related to increased morbidity and mortality in infants and children." | ( Edwardson, S; Gazala, E; Gorodischer, R; Hershkovitz, E; Katz, M; Sarov, B; Sklan, D, 1995) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a significant problem in many countries in the developing world." | ( Dawiesah, S; Dibley, MJ; Kjolhede, CL; Padmawati, S; Sadjimin, T; Stallings, RY, 1995) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a significant problem in many countries in the developing world." | ( Dawiesah, S; Dibley, MJ; Kjolhede, CL; Padmawati, S; Sadjimin, T; Stallings, RY, 1995) |
| "Overall, vitamin A deficiency is the single most important cause of childhood blindness and SVI in India." | ( Foster, A; Gilbert, CE; Rahi, JS; Sripathi, S, 1995) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is an immunodeficiency disorder characterized by widespread alterations in immunity, including pathological alterations in mucosal surfaces, impaired antibody responses to challenge with protein antigens, changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, and altered T- and B-cell function." | ( Semba, RD, 1994) |
| "Subclinical vitamin A deficiency is a problem in this area." | ( Perkins, AL, 1994) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is frequent in the tropics." | ( Schubarth, P, 1994) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the world's major malnutrition problems and is most commonly found in children under the age of five years." | ( Rumore, MM, 1993) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is also likely to increase vulnerability to other illnesses in both women and children, such as iron-deficiency anemia, and may be an important factor contributing to poor maternal performance during pregnancy and lactation and to growth deficits in children." | ( Arthur, P; Underwood, BA, 1996) |
| "Although clinical vitamin A deficiency is relatively infrequent in Zambia, we conclude that the vitamin A status of our children nonetheless needs to be improved." | ( Chipaila, P; Chipipa, J; Kafwembe, EM; Manyando, C; Mwandu, D; Sukwa, TY, 1996) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women and is associated with higher mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and increased infant mortality." | ( Semba, RD, 1997) |
| "Since vitamin A deficiency is associated with poor nocturnal vision and since this pattern can be reversed by adapted retinol supplementation, we recommend monitoring plasma vitamin A levels in CF patients and evaluation of dark adaptation in retinol deficient patients." | ( Charavel, A; Huet, F; Maingueneau, C; Nivelon, JL; Semama, D, 1997) |
| "Although vitamin A deficiency is otherwise rare in developed countries, the prevalence of hyporetinemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons is up to 29%." | ( Goetz, MB; Nimmagadda, A; O'Brien, WA, 1998) |
| "Control of vitamin A deficiency is now a major health challenge and goal of both UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO)." | ( Sommer, A, 1998) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of blindness in childhood in the developing countries." | ( Schönherr, U, 1998) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the majors public health problems in Brazilian Northeast, and among other causes may be concerned to precocious weaning." | ( Diniz, NM; Fernandez, ZF; Guerra, NB; Guerra, TM; Lopes, AC; Neta, JC; Padilha, MR; Salgado, S, 1998) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is caused by feeding a seed based diet." | ( Beynen, AC; Dorrestein, GM; Lumeij, JT; Schoemaker, NJ, 1999) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is therefore a cause of lung maturational delay." | ( Barlier-Mur, AM; Bourbon, JR; Chailley-Heu, B; Chelly, N; Lelièvre-Pégorier, M; Merlet-Bénichou, C, 1999) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major nutritional problems in the world, most common in developing countries." | ( Carvalho, CG; Dutra-de-Oliveira, JE; Fávaro, RM; Jordão Júnior, AA; Junqueira-Franco, MV; Vannucchi, H, 1998) |
| "Each year in Nepal, vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the deaths of 9000 children and for 2500 children becoming permanently blind." | ( Fiedler, JL, 2000) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness in developing countries." | ( Canfield, LM; Duncan, B; Greivenkamp, JE; Shrestha, AK; Shrestha, KK; Shrestha, N; Taren, D, 2000) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a recognised risk factor for severe measles." | ( D'Souza, R; D'Souza, RM, 2001) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is probably widespread at mild to moderate levels, and should be addressed by a combination of appropriate case management for infectious disease, breastfeeding promotion, and dietary diversification/nutrition education." | ( Galal, OM, 2000) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a recognised risk factor for severe measles." | ( D'Souza, R; D'Souza, RM, 2002) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is defined as blood concentrations below 30 micrograms/dl." | ( Kafwembe, EM; Kelly, P; Ngalande, P, 2001) |
| "Maternal vitamin A deficiency is associated with abnormal placental apoptosis induced by neutrophil derived TNF-alpha acting through the TNFR1 (p55) and/or a change in the bcl-2/bax ratio in the trophoblast giant cells." | ( Antipatis, C; Ashworth, CJ; Hannah, L; Hoggard, N; Lea, RG; Riley, SC, 2002) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major nutritional deficiencies in Vietnam." | ( Dien, DN; Dung, NC; Giay, T; Khan, NC; Khoi, HH; Luy, HT; Nhan, NT; Thang, HV, 2002) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is very prevalent and contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries." | ( Brookmeyer, R; Humphrey, J; Johnson, E; Katz, J; Marinda, E; Miller, M, 2002) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most profuse nutritional deficiencies worldwide." | ( Reifen, R, 2002) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is considered one of the most important of the easily preventable public health problems in a number of countries, including Brazil." | ( Flores, H; Ramalho, RA; Saunders, C, 2002) |
| "Iron and vitamin A deficiency are common nutritional problems in developing countries." | ( Ameny, MA; Raila, J; Schweigert, FJ; Walzel, E, 2002) |
| "Moreover, vitamin A deficiency is found to be a significant public health problem in young children in Jimma town." | ( Assefa, A; Getaneh, T; Tadesse, Z, 2000) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is common in tuberculosis and HIV infection, particularly in those patients who are dually infected, and nutritional supplementation may be beneficial." | ( Fawzi, W; Habib, N; Mugusi, FM; Rusizoka, O, 2003) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common dietary deficiencies in the developing world and is a major health concern where it is associated with increased risk of fetal and infant mortality and morbidity." | ( Antipatis, C; Delday, MI; Downie, D; Maltin, CA; Sneddon, AA, 2005) |
| "Marginal vitamin A deficiency is common and can result in a secondary iron (Fe) deficiency." | ( Kelleher, SL; Lönnerdal, B, 2005) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is associated with a shift from type 2 cytokines to predominantly type 1 cytokines." | ( Aydin, S; Ilcol, YO; Kezer, EY; Kilic, SS; Ulus, IH; Yakut, T, 2005) |
| "In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency is relatively common in children who have chronic cholestatic liver disease." | ( Corkill, M; Feranchak, AP; Gralla, J; King, R; Narkewicz, MR; Ramirez, RO; Sokol, RJ, 2005) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a recognized risk factor for severe measles infections." | ( Chaomin, W; Huiming, Y; Meng, M, 2005) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major global public health problem." | ( Furr, HC; Green, MH; Haskell, M; Mokhtar, N; Nestel, P; Newton, S; Ribaya-Mercado, JD; Tang, G; Tanumihardjo, S; Wasantwisut, E, 2005) |
| "Maternal vitamin A deficiency is also associated with increased MTCT, as well as with episodes of mastitis in lactating animals." | ( Dorosko, SM, 2005) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is described in captive lions." | ( Haagenson, M; Hartley, MP; Kirberger, RM; Sweers, L, 2005) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in the Northeast of Brazil." | ( Bergamaschi, DP; de Oliveira, CA; Gonçalves-Carvalho, CM; Illison, VK; Paiva, Ade A; Pereira, JA; Rondó, PH; Ueda, M; Vaz-de-Lima, LR, 2006) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is an endemic nutrition problem throughout much of the developing world, especially affecting the health and survival of infants, young children, and pregnant and lactating women." | ( West, KP, 2003) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is an important public health problem in many developing countries." | ( Arthur, FK; de Benoist, B; Newton, S; Owusu-Agyei, S; Tanumihardjo, SA; Tchum, SK; Tetteh, A, 2006) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in Sri Lanka, which affects especially pre-school children." | ( Chandrika, UG; Priyadarshani, AM, 2007) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is recognized to be a severe public health problem in most of the sahelian countries." | ( Banou, AA; Boré, O; Coulibaly, S; el Moutchaidine, M; Malvy, D; Sacko, D; Sanoussi, B; Schémann, JF; Traoré, L; Zefack, G, 2007) |
| "Although maternal vitamin A deficiency is not common in developed countries, congenital nephron number nevertheless varies widely, indicating low fetal RA levels due to common variants of the enzymes that convert retinol to RA." | ( Bhat, PV; Manolescu, DC, 2008) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is still a serious public health problem affecting an estimated 127 million preschool children." | ( Lasisi, AO, 2009) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in most developing countries." | ( Baingana, RK; Garrett, D; Matovu, DK, 2008) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a common health problem in developing countries like India." | ( Agarwal, GG; Khare, S, 2008) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children and in women of reproductive age in developing countries." | ( da Costa Pereira, M; da Silva Ribeiro, KD; de Araújo, KF; de Souza, HH; Dimenstein, R; Soares, FB, 2010) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is associated with an increased incidence of infectious respiratory and alimentary tract diseases in children, and vitamin A supplementation can prevent and assist in treating these diseases." | ( Tao, Y; Wang, W; Yang, Y; Yuan, Y, 2011) |
| "As maternal vitamin A deficiency is widespread in developing countries and may compromise availability of retinol for fetal RA synthesis, our study suggests that the ALDH1A2 rs7169289(G) variant might be protective for such individuals." | ( Bhat, PV; El Kares, R; Goodyer, P; Lakhal-Chaieb, L; Manolescu, DC; Montpetit, A; Zhang, Z, 2010) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is known to compromise many aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses." | ( Duriancik, DM; Hoag, KA; Lackey, DE, 2010) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem, affecting an estimated 190 million preschool-aged children and 19 million pregnant and lactating women globally, and 83 million adolescents in Southeast Asia alone." | ( Johnson, Q; Klemm, RD; Northrop-Clewes, C; Palmer, AC; Randall, P; Ranum, P; West, KP, 2010) |
| "Although vitamin A deficiency is common in chronic liver disease, limited data exist on impairment of dark adaptation and response to therapy." | ( Abbott-Johnson, WJ; Abiad, G; Clague, AE; Cuneo, RC; Kerlin, P, 2011) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem in the developing world." | ( Ceşme, S; Dinç, G; Gözmen, S; Polat, M; Taneli, F; Tansuğ, N; Tokuşoğlu, O; Yılmaz, D, 2010) |
| "In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency is still a public health problem in rural Malaysia." | ( Abdullah, AW; Al-Mekhlafi, HM; Mahdy, MA; Sallam, AA; Surin, J, 2010) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies worldwide." | ( Burns, JB; Rice, AL, 2010) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the leading micro-nutrient deficiencies of public health importance in Kenya." | ( Makokha, AO; Mutai, JK; Njue, MW, 2010) |
| "Maternal vitamin A deficiency is a public health concern in the developing world." | ( Akhter, HH; Ali, H; Banu, H; Christian, P; Katz, J; Klemm, RD; Labrique, AB; Massie, AB; Mehra, S; Rashid, M; Schulze, KJ; Shamim, AA; Sommer, A; Ullah, B; West, KP; Wu, LS, 2011) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in developing countries." | ( Bhutta, ZA; Haider, BA, 2011) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health problem in low and middle income countries." | ( Gogia, S; Sachdev, HS, 2011) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased mortality." | ( Benn, CS, 2012) |
| "This indicates that vitamin A deficiency is implicated in the high prevalence of anaemia in Vietnamese school children, and that interventions should take other deficiencies besides Fe into account to improve Hb concentrations." | ( Berger, J; Bruyeron, O; de Sesmaisons, A; Hieu, NT; Khan, NC; Laillou, A; Sandalinas, F; Tam, NP; Wieringa, FT, 2012) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is common after bariatric surgery but rarely causes clinical symptoms." | ( Altemir, J; Cabrejas, C; Moros, M; Ocón, J, 2012) |
| "Although vitamin A deficiency is relatively rare in the United States, globally it is the most common cause of blindness." | ( Dowling, DD; Duerbeck, NB, 2012) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is common in patients with Dent's disease and preserved renal function." | ( Becker-Cohen, R; Ben-Shalom, E; Feinstein, S; Frishberg, Y; Ivgi, H; Rinat, C, 2012) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is labelled as a public health problem based on its extensively studied endemicity among children." | ( Asres, G; Assefa, Y; Bekele, A; Reissig, D; Wondimkun, Y, 2012) |
| "In juvenile cattle, vitamin A deficiency is reported most commonly as a neurological condition; only rarely are there dermatologic manifestations." | ( Baldwin, TJ; Hall, JO; Kelly, EJ; Rood, KA, 2012) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is widely prevalent amongst women and children in India." | ( Goyle, A; Prakash, S, 2011) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in developing countries." | ( von Lintig, J, 2012) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the developing World." | ( Borel, P; Chobert, JM; Choiset, Y; de Lamballerie, M; Guyon, C; Haertlé, T; Mensi, A; Reboul, E, 2013) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 190 million preschool-aged children and 19." | ( Garrett, GS; Laillou, A; Moench-Pfanner, R; Panagides, D, 2013) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies and is associated with profound defects in adaptive immunity." | ( Belkaid, Y; Bhandoola, A; Bouladoux, N; Boyd, A; Hall, JA; Nutman, TB; Ramalingam, TR; Spencer, SP; Urban, JF; Wang, J; Wilhelm, C; Wynn, TA; Yang, Q, 2014) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in Bangladesh." | ( Bermudez, OI; Fiedler, JL; Lividini, K, 2015) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent among infants, primarily in undeveloped communities, compromising immune system competence and raising morbidity and mortality rates." | ( Konstantyner, T; Taddei, JA; Warkentin, S, 2014) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is common in the developing world." | ( Murguía Peniche, MT, 2012) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is among major health problems worldwide that leads to blindness, retarded growth and death, particularly in developing countries." | ( Gurmu, F; Hussein, S; Laing, M, 2014) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa." | ( Amonsou, EO; Awobusuyi, TD; Kolanisi, U; Siwela, M, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and also impairs immune function and cell differentiation." | ( Bailey, RL; Black, RE; West, KP, 2015) |
| "The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is under 20% in school-children and adult women." | ( Brito, A; Cediel, G; Cori, H; La Frano, MR; Lòpez de Romaña, D; Olivares, M, 2015) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent deficiency disorders in the world." | ( Priyadarshani, AM, 2017) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children and increases the risk of disease and death from severe infections." | ( Clements, PR; Gibson, RA; Huang, Y, 2015) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a rare condition in the developed countries and might follow bariatric or intestinal bypass surgery." | ( Sádaba, LM; Saenz-de-Viteri, M, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is recognized as a major public-health nutrition issue in the developing countries." | ( Chen, J; Guo, N; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Piao, J; Yang, C; Yang, X; Yun, C, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide and is associated with defects in adaptive immunity." | ( Bono, MR; Fernandez, D; Flores-Santibañez, F; Rosemblatt, M; Sauma, D; Tejon, G, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem that affects children across the WHO African Region." | ( Anya, BM; Chehab, ET; Mihigo, R; Mkanda, P; Okeibunor, J; Onyango, AW; Tevi-Benissan, MC, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is known to affect 20 million pregnant women worldwide." | ( Chien, CY; Cho, CH; Lee, HS; Lin, KI; Mao, WY; Shen, CN; Tosh, D; Wu, RR, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a prevalent public health problem in Africa and South-East Asia, although national population based surveys are lacking in many countries." | ( Béchir, M; Crump, L; Daugla, DM; Hattendorf, J; Ngandolo, BNR; Zinsstag, J, 2017) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is particularly common among children younger than 5 years." | ( Ernawati, F; Kuswari, M; Mulyani, EY, 2016) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in low and middle income countries." | ( Bhutta, ZA; Haider, BA; Sharma, R, 2017) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in preschool children in Dongguan, China, and it may adversely affect serum ferritin, red blood cell, and reticulocyte parameters." | ( Hu, Y; Ni, M; Zhang, ZH, 2018) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is still a public health concern affecting millions of pregnant women and children." | ( Curley, RW; Hammerling, U; Harrison, EH; Hoyos, B; Jiang, H; Kim, YK; Narayanasamy, S; Quadro, L; Savio, N; Spiegler, E, 2018) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is associated with liver disease progression to cirrhosis and clinical decompensation, including occurrence of ascites or hepatic encephalopathy." | ( Corral-Hurtado, JE; Keaveny, AP; Koop, AH; Mousa, OY; Pham, LE; Pungpapong, S, 2018) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries, especially affecting young children, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women." | ( Hombali, AS; Nair, NS; Peña-Rosas, JP; Solon, JA; Venkatesh, BT, 2019) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a known concern in developing countries, but it is often overlooked in developed regions." | ( Lee, A; Mietzner, D; Monarrez, J; Tran, N, 2019) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is still considered to be a nutritional problem during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood." | ( Bezerra, DS; da Silva, AGCL; Dimenstein, R; Lima, MSR; Osório, MM; Pires Medeiros, JF; Ribeiro, KDS, 2020) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a common problem among mothers attended in public hospitals in Northeast Brazil and maternal retinol concentrations are associated with retinol status in newborns." | ( Bezerra, DS; da Silva, AGCL; Dimenstein, R; Lima, MSR; Osório, MM; Pires Medeiros, JF; Ribeiro, KDS, 2020) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is more common during infection, and supplementation reduces severe morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases." | ( Cooley, R; Molnar, JA; Vlad, LG; Zinder, R, 2019) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent in low-income countries and is a major public health problem worldwide." | ( Aserese, AD; Atenafu, A; Sisay, M; Sorrie, MB; Yirdaw, BW; Zegeye, MK, 2020) |
| "Chronic vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness according to the World Health Organization." | ( Dewett, D; Khurana, H; Lam-Kamath, K; Poupault, C; Rister, J, 2021) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for zinc deficiency and overweight is a protective factor for zinc deficiency." | ( Chen, J; Hu, Y; Li, W; Liu, X; Lu, J; Mao, D; Wang, R; Yang, L; Zhang, H, 2021) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is common among preschoolers in low-income settings and a serious public health concern due to its association to increased morbidity and mortality." | ( Alemu, K; Berhane, HY; Berhane, Y; Ekström, EC; Jirström, M; Kebede, A; Turner, C; Worku, A, 2022) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is a major health risk for infants and children in low- and middle-income countries." | ( Abdelhamid, A; Aggett, P; Brainard, J; Coe, C; Esgunoglu, L; Esio-Bassey, C; Fallon, C; Fynn, J; Getley, H; Gyamfi, E; Hill, C; Hooper, L; Howard Wilsher, S; Jennings, A; Jones, N; Lietz, G; Narayanan, N; Oladosu, T; Parkinson, E; Prentice, E; Qurashi, M; Read, L; Song, F; Tailor, BV; Welch, AA, 2022) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is likely to be a potential cause of childhood chalazion." | ( Chen, Z; Cheng, H; Lv, X; Yao, J, 2022) |
| "Although vitamin A deficiency is a relatively rare disorder in the United States, it should be suspected in patients with severe liver disease or other conditions causing malabsorption who experience a loss of night vision." | ( Chen, S; Quan, AJ, 2023) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major public health problems in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia." | ( Berihun, B; Chemir, F; GebreEyesus, FA; Gebru, M, 2023) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is known to cause nutritional immunodeficiency and hence leading the way to increased opportunistic fungal, bacterial, and viral infections." | ( Cen, O; Demir, AN; Edipsoy, S; Özkurt, ZG; Özlü, C; Sarohan, AR, 2023) |
| "Vitamin A deficiency is potentially a sight threatening condition, which may lead to keratomalacia and corneal perforation if neglected." | ( Rana, R; Sapkota, J, 2022) |