Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Proteins (3)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40 homologProtein Haymaker; Translocase of outer membrane 40 kDa subunit homolog; p38.5Homo sapiens (human)
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2Glutamate/aspartate transporter II; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
Cystatin-CCystatin-3; Gamma-trace; Neuroendocrine basic polypeptide; Post-gamma-globulinHomo sapiens (human)

Compounds (10)

CompoundDescription
Nitric OxideA free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
CopperA heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
glutamic acidA non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
SuperoxidesHighly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
arginineAn essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
hydroxide ion
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
peroxynitrous acidA potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).