Page last updated: 2024-10-24

cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:mah]

Cysteine transmembrane transporter activity is a crucial process in cellular physiology, facilitating the movement of cysteine across cell membranes. Cysteine, an essential amino acid, plays a vital role in various cellular functions, including protein synthesis, antioxidant defense, and redox regulation. This activity is mediated by specialized transmembrane proteins known as cysteine transporters, which utilize diverse mechanisms to facilitate cysteine uptake into cells. These transporters often employ secondary active transport, leveraging the electrochemical gradient of other ions, such as sodium or hydrogen, to drive cysteine movement. In addition to uptake, some cysteine transporters may also be involved in efflux, enabling the release of cysteine from cells under specific physiological conditions. The precise mechanisms of cysteine transport vary depending on the transporter protein and its associated regulatory pathways. However, a common feature of these transporters is their high specificity for cysteine, ensuring efficient and regulated cysteine movement across cell membranes. Disruptions in cysteine transporter activity can lead to cysteine deficiency, impairing vital cellular functions and potentially contributing to various diseases. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cysteine transmembrane transporter activity is critical for elucidating its role in cellular homeostasis and for developing potential therapeutic strategies targeting cysteine transport.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3An excitatory amino acid transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43005]Homo sapiens (human)
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2An excitatory amino acid transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43004]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (15)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidalpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
cysteinecysteine;
cysteine zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
aspartic acidaspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent

Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamic acidglutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.

Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
sym 2081
dihydrokainatedicarboxylic acid
serine o-sulfateL-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.

serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-sulfoamino acid
hinokininhinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).

hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg
benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan
trypanocidal drug
3-hydroxyaspartic acid, (threo-l)-isomer(3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid : The (3S)-diastereomer of 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid.3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acidmetabolite
2-amino-3-phenylmethoxybutanedioic acidaspartic acid derivative
l-ccg iii
dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate
ceftriaxone1,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
l-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartateL-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate: structure in first source
ucph 1012-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source