Compounds > olanzapine
Page last updated: 2024-10-15

olanzapine

Description

Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID135398745
CHEMBL ID715
CHEBI ID7735
CHEBI ID94534
SCHEMBL ID117695
SCHEMBL ID28763
MeSH IDM0204623

Synonyms (172)

Synonym
AC-665
BIDD:PXR0138
BIDD:GT0332
AKOS005566122
HMS3393H05
AB00639907-06
AB00639907-07
us8802672, olanzapine
bdbm35254
gtpl47
lanzac
zyprexa velotab
alks-7921
c17h20n4s
10h-thieno(2,3-b)(1,5)benzodiazepine, 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-
zyprexa intramuscular
zyprexa zydis
ly-170053
zalasta
midax
ly 170053
olansek
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10h-thieno(2,3-b)(1,5)benzodiazepine
olanzapina
olanzapinum
CHEBI:7735 ,
2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10h-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine
zyprexa
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10h-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine
MLS001424057
C07322
132539-06-1
olanzapine
MLS000759457
smr000466345
DB00334
olanzapin
NCGC00096077-03
NCGC00096077-04
olanzapine (jan/usp/inn)
D00454
NCGC00096077-01
SPECTRUM1505024
zolafren
MLS001195646
MLS001165781
HMS2089M04
HMS2093I04
HMS2051H05
olanzapine mylan
olanzapine teva
olazax disperzi
olanzapine cipla
olanzapine glenmark
olanzapine apotex
olazax
CHEMBL715 ,
ly170053
AKOS000282888
L005958
L000455
2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5h-thieno[3,2-c][1,5]benzodiazepine
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5h-thieno[3,2-c][1,5]benzodiazepine
A806453
olanzapine teva
hsdb 8155
zypadhera
olanzapine neopharma
olanzapine [usan:usp:inn:ban]
unii-n7u69t4szr
n7u69t4szr ,
cas-132539-06-1
tox21_111556
dtxcid503388
dtxsid9023388 ,
O0393
nsc_4585
bdbm82479
cas_132539-06-1
HMS2233F24
CCG-100922
BCP9001021
olzapin
5-methyl-8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-thia-2,9-diazatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{3,7}]tetradeca-1(10),3(7),5,8,11,13-hexaene
oferta
HY-14541
CS-1114
FT-0673219
10h-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine, 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-
NCGC00096077-05
olanzapine [usp monograph]
olanzapine [ep monograph]
olanzapine [jan]
olanzapine glenmark europe
olanzapine component of symbyax
olanzapine [inn]
olanzapine [usp-rs]
symbyax component olanzapine
lybalvi component olanzapine
olanzapine [orange book]
olanzapine [who-dd]
olanzapine component of lybalvi
olanzapine [ema epar]
olanzapine [mart.]
olanzapine [usan]
olanzapine [vandf]
olanzapine [mi]
S2493
2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10h-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine
HMS3374L02
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10h-thieno-[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine
SCHEMBL117695
NC00172
SCHEMBL28763
NCGC00096077-06
tox21_111556_1
KS-1090 ,
2-methyl-10-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4h-3-thia-4,9-diaza-benzo[f]azulene
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10h-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine #
AB00639907_09
AB00639907_08
mfcd00866702
SR-01000759343-4
SR-01000759343-6
sr-01000759343
CHEBI:94534
olanzapine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3657I15
olanzapine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
olanzapine for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
olanzapine, >=98% (hplc)
olanzapine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
olanzapine 1.0 mg/ml in acetonitrile
olanzapine; 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10h-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine; ly 170053; lanzac; zyprexa
J-006186
SBI-0206786.P001
HMS3714J03
NCGC00389791-02
olanzapine-d8, 100 mug/ml in acetonitrile, ampule of 1 ml, certified reference material
SW220248-1
BCP04917
HB1786
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) -10h-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine
Z1521553472
olanzapine (zyprexa)
(e)-2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10h-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine
Q201872
EN300-119499
5-methyl-8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-thia-2,9-diazatricyclo[8.4.0.0,3,7]tetradeca-1(10),3(7),5,8,11,13-hexaene
NCGC00096077-18
HMS3884J21
AMY7709
HMS3743A09
2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10h- thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepin
olanzapine (ly-170053)
nsc-754829
nsc-801187
nsc801187
nsc754829
BO164166
olanzapine- bio-x
ps15 - olanzapine
olanzapine (usp-rs)
olanzapine (mart.)
n05ah03
zyprexazydis
olanzapine (ep monograph)
olanzapine (usp monograph)
olanzapine (usan:usp:inn:ban)
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10h-thieno(2,3- b)(1,5)benzodiazepine
zyprexaintramuscular
olanzapine, 1mg/ml in acetonitrile

Research Excerpts

Overview

Olanzapine is a widely adopted atypical antipsychotic medication used to manage schizophrenia. It is a potent antagonist of the M3 acetylcholine muscarinic receptor (M3R), while the downregulated hepatic M3R-AMPKα signalling pathway is involved in metabolic disorders. Its clinical application has been restricted by metabolic-related side effects.

ExcerptReference
"Olanzapine is a widely adopted atypical antipsychotic medication used to manage schizophrenia. "( Gluteal muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis after olanzapine poisoning: a case report.
Cui, S; Jian, T; Jian, X; Kan, B; Li, Y; Shi, L; Sun, C; Yu, G, 2021)
"Olanzapine is a potent antagonist of the M3 acetylcholine muscarinic receptor (M3R), while the downregulated hepatic M3R-AMPKα signalling pathway is involved in metabolic disorders."( Cevimeline co-treatment attenuates olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders via modulating hepatic M3 muscarinic receptor: AMPKα signalling pathway in female rats.
Deng, C; Han, M; Lian, J; Su, Y, 2022)
"Olanzapine is a commonly used drug in the treatment of schizophrenia, but its clinical application has been restricted by metabolic-related side effects. "( Effect of Co-Treatment of Olanzapine with SEP-363856 in Mice Models of Schizophrenia.
Liang, L; Ma, Y; Ren, X; Xu, J; Xue, Y; Zhang, G; Zhuang, T, 2022)
"1. Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. "( Metabolism of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine by CYP3A43.
Bureik, M; Liu, S; Machalz, D; Parr, MK; Wolber, G; Wolf, CA; Zhao, J, 2022)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic with established efficacy in several psychiatric disease states, but its use is limited because of weight gain and metabolic side effects. "( Olanzapine/Samidorphan: A New Combination Treatment for Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder Intended to Reduce Weight Gain.
Corrao, MM; Nelson, LA, 2022)
"Olanzapine is an effective antipsychotic medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS); however, the therapeutic effectiveness of olanzapine has been found to vary in individual patients. "( miR143-3p-Mediated NRG-1-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes to Olanzapine Resistance in Refractory Schizophrenia.
Chen, D; Chen, L; Cong, Q; Du, H; Fan, L; He, L; Huai, C; Huang, H; Li, M; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Qin, S; Song, C; Sun, J; Wang, C; Wang, G; Wei, M; Xu, Y; Yi, Z; Zeng, R; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J, 2022)
"Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine class antipsychotic that strongly antagonises the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, but acute poisonings are reported rarely. "( Olanzapine poisoning in patients treated at the National Poison Control Centre in Belgrade, Serbia in 2017 and 2018: a brief review of serum concentrations and clinical symptoms.
Antunović, M; Ercegović, GV; Kilibarda, V; Stošić, JJ; Vučinić, S; Vukčević, NP; Đorđević, S, 2022)
"Olanzapine(OLZ)is a multi-acting receptor-targeted antipsychotic drug approved in Japan in December 2017 for the treatment of anticancer drug-induced nausea and vomiting. "( [Administration Period of Olanzapine as an Antiemetic Drug for Patients on FEC Therapy-A Survey].
Fujii, C; Ishizaka, T; Kamigaki, S; Nishida, S; Ogawa, N; Takeda, T; Tsubaki, M; Tsurushima, K; Yamamura, J; Yanagishita, Y; Yasui, Y, 2022)
"Olanzapine is an effective antipsychotic drug used in psychiatry to treat psychoses, especially schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. "( Olanzapine in oncology palliative care.
Šoukalová, Z, 2022)
"Olanzapine is an effective antiemetic in cancer patients with tumor-induced nausea and in antiemetic regimens for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting."( Olanzapine in oncology palliative care.
Šoukalová, Z, 2022)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug used for mental disorders. "( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of olanzapine in Chinese paediatric patients: Based on the impact of sex and concomitant valproate on clearance.
Hu, JQ; Huang, SQ; Kong, W; Li, XL; Liu, SJ; Lu, HQ; Lu, HY; Ni, XJ; Shang, DW; Wen, YG; Xiao, T; Yang, HL; Zhang, M; Zhu, XQ, 2022)
"Olanzapine (OLA) is a common drug used to treat schizophrenia and has recently come under increasing scrutiny as an emerging contaminant. "( The antipsychotic drug olanzapine altered lipid metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Insight from the gut microbiota-SCFAs-liver axis.
Chang, X; Feng, J; Meng, X; Shen, Y; Su, X; Wang, X; Yang, G; Yun, L; Zhang, J, 2023)
"Olanzapine (OZP) is a safe and effective atypical antipsychotic drug used in treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. "( Development and evaluation of a drug-in-adhesive transdermal delivery system for delivery of olanzapine.
Banga, AK; Vora, D, 2022)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic and is widely used for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. "( Efficacy of Olanzapine for Symptom Relief in Cancer Patients.
Nakagawa, N; Suzuki, M, 2022)
"Olanzapine (OLA) is an atypical second-generation antipsychotic that exhibits significant pharmacokinetic variability. "( Effects of Age, Sex, and Comedication on the Plasma Concentrations of Olanzapine in Chinese Patients With Schizophrenia Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data.
Cui, X; Ding, J; Li, Y; Meng, Z; Xing, H; Yang, L; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, )
"Olanzapine pamoate is an intramuscular depot injection for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Case series profile of olanzapine post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome.
Brown, J; Chan, BS; Downes, MA; Harris, K; Isoardi, KZ; Seebaluck, J, 2023)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic agent with species-dependent pharmacokinetic profiles in both humans and animals. "( The Unique Human N10-Glucuronidated Metabolite Formation from Olanzapine in Chimeric NOG-TKm30 Mice with Humanized Livers.
Higuchi, Y; Kato, H; Suemizu, H; Uehara, S; Yamazaki, H; Yoneda, N, 2023)
"Olanzapine is a commonly used and effective second-generation antipsychotic agent used for the control of paranoia and agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as in the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. "( Delayed-Onset olanzapine-induced rhabdomyolysis.
Lim, JHB; Robinson, B; Savige, J, 2023)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an antipsychotic agent and is a thienobenzodiazepine derivative. "( A review of various analytical methods for the estimation of olanzapine: An antipsychotic drug.
Almalki, WH; Kesharwani, P; S, R; Sheikh, A; Thanikachalam, PV, 2023)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with antiemetic activity that's recommended in the guidelines for the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, but outside of oncologic indications there is a lack of research."( Olanzapine for Non-Chemotherapy Related Nausea and Emesis in Patients with a Palliative Care Consult.
Bonar, S; Cook, K; Poole, MFF; Samala, RV; Schneider, HL, 2023)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug that is used to prevent nausea and vomiting in palliative care and to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting."( Olanzapine as an add-on, pre-operative anti-emetic drug for postoperative nausea or vomiting: a randomised controlled trial.
Grigio, TR; Martins, JVB; Slullitel, A; Sousa, AM; Timmerman, H; Wolff, AP, 2023)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic agent for psychotic disorders. "( Thymoquinone attenuates olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders in rats.
Hosseinzadeh, H; Kaviani, F; Mohsenzadeh, MS; Rameshrad, M; Razavi, BM, 2023)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug which is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Association of smoking cigarettes, age, and sex with serum concentrations of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.
Horvat, M; Kadija, M; Lovrić, M; Šagud, M; Ščavničar, A; Živković, M, 2023)
"Olanzapine is a commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotic agent for treatment of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. "( CYP1A2 expression rather than genotype is associated with olanzapine concentration in psychiatric patients.
Belič, A; Csukly, G; Fekete, F; Kiss, ÁF; Menus, Á; Minus, A; Monostory, K; Póti, Á; Sirok, D; Tóth, K, 2023)
"Olanzapine is a frequently used atypical antipsychotic drug known to exert structural brain alterations in animals. "( Olanzapine exposure diminishes perfusion and decreases volume of sensorimotor cortex in rats.
Babinska, Z; Buchtova, M; Drazanova, E; Horska, K; Kotolova, H; Kratka, L; Ruda-Kucerova, J; Skoupy, R; Starcuk, Z; Vaskovicova, N; Vrlikova, L, 2019)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) used frequently in the treatment of schizophrenia and a growing list of off-label conditions. "( Female mice are protected against acute olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia.
Hahn, MK; Medak, KD; Townsend, LK; Wright, DC, 2019)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation antipsychotic that is used to treat schizophrenia but also causes acute hyperglycemia. "( AMPK β1 activation suppresses antipsychotic-induced hyperglycemia in mice.
Ashworth, KE; Bush, ND; Halm, MK; Kemp, BE; Medak, KD; Shamshoum, H; Townsend, LK; Wright, DC, 2019)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and, either as monotherapy or as an adjunct to lithium or valproate, for bipolar I disorder. "( Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium or Valproate.
Graham, C; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yagoda, S; Yao, B, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic antagonist blocking a variety of neurotransmitters in the nausea and vomiting pathophysiology."( Olanzapine as a rescue antiemetic in hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
Greer, D; Kreikemeier, E; Liewer, S; Monson, T, 2020)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic. "( Generalised tonic-clonic seizures on the subtherapeutic dose of olanzapine.
Chachar, AS; Mansoor, M; Mesiya, MH, 2019)
"Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine compound. "( A platinum black-modified microelectrode for in situ olanzapine detection in microliter volumes of undiluted serum.
Belmaker, RH; Ben-Yoav, H; Bersudsky, Y; Shukla, RP, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug routinely used for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Olanzapine-mediated cardiotoxicity is associated with altered energy metabolism in isolated rat hearts.
Arnold, M; Carrel, T; Grman, M; Gulac, P; Longnus, S; Stankovicova, T; Tomasova, L, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug used to treat patients with schizophrenia due to its lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms. "( Neuroprotective effects of olanzapine against rotenone-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.
Liang, ZQ; Liu, YL; Shen, X; Song, YZ; Wang, WJ; Wu, JC; Xiong, YJ; Zhao, YF; Zhu, Y; Zuo, WQ, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has affinity for many central nervous system receptors. "( The use of olanzapine as an antiemetic in palliative medicine: a systematic review of the literature.
Da Silva, A; Gamblin, V; Penel, N; Prod'Homme, C; Reich, M; Saudemont, G; Villet, S, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been increasingly used for treatment in schizophrenia. "( Association of the genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes, transporters, target receptors and their interactions with treatment response to olanzapine in chinese han schizophrenia patients.
Fang, H; Gao, B; Li, J; Shi, J; Song, M; Wang, C; Wang, S; Yan, P, 2020)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) used in the treatment of schizophrenia and a number of off-label conditions. "( GLP1 receptor agonism protects against acute olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia.
Medak, KD; Peppler, WT; Shamshoum, H; Wright, DC, 2020)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (AP) drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( N-acetylcysteine prevents olanzapine-induced oxidative stress in mHypoA-59 hypothalamic neurons.
Boz, Z; Hu, M; Huang, XF; Yu, Y, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia, which often causes serious adverse drug reactions. "( Impact of polymorphisms in transporter and metabolizing enzyme genes on olanzapine pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy volunteers.
Abad-Santos, F; Almenara, S; Koller, D; Martín-Vílchez, S; Mejía-Abril, G; Navares-Gómez, M; Ochoa, D; Román, M; Saiz-Rodríguez, M; Soria-Chacartegui, P; Villapalos-García, G; Zubiaur, P, 2021)
"IVP olanzapine appears to be a safe route of administration in hospitalized patients, including those receiving multiple doses."( Safety of Intravenous Olanzapine Administration at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center.
Dube, KM; Hunt, NF; Kovacevic, MP; Lupi, KE; McLaughlin, KC, 2021)
"Olanzapine is an inexpensive and durable agent for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and is also superior to neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in the control of nausea. "( Low-Dose Olanzapine Plus Granisetron and Dexamethasone for Carboplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Thoracic Malignancies: A Prospective Multicenter Phase II Trial.
Arai, T; Fujita, Y; Funaguchi, N; Gomyo, T; Hakamata, J; Hirose, C; Iihara, H; Ikemura, S; Imai, H; Kaito, D; Kawazoe, H; Kotake, M; Minato, K; Ohno, Y; Okura, H; Sakai, C; Shimokawa, M; Suzuki, A, 2021)
"Olanzapine is a widely used antipsychotic, which increases the weight of SZ patients."( Metabolomics-based understanding of the olanzapine-induced weight gain in female first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia.
Chen, N; Guan, XN; Guo, YH; Liu, JH; Wang, D; Wang, J; Xiu, MH, 2021)
"Olanzapine is a common drug used in antipsychotic medication."( What to Do About Missed Doses? A Retrospective Study of Olanzapine in the Elderly.
Hu, J; Huang, S; Li, G; Li, X; Liu, S; Shang, D; Wang, Z; Wen, Y; Xiao, T; Zhu, X, 2021)
"Olanzapine is an anti-psychotic drug that has been used for preventing and treating Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV). "( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nimworapan, M; Permsuwan, U; Yoodee, J, 2017)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a drug that is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses, and it belongs to the thienobenzodiazepine class. "( Bionanocomposite systems based on montmorillonite and biopolymers for the controlled release of olanzapine.
Alcântara, ACS; Oliveira, AS; Pergher, SBC, 2017)
"Olanzapine is a commonly prescribed SGA with a significantly higher MetS risk than that of most antipsychotics."( Metabolic adverse effects of olanzapine on cognitive dysfunction: A possible relationship between BDNF and TNF-alpha.
Cai, J; Chen, M; Fan, W; Fang, X; Mao, Y; Song, L; Tang, W; Yao, P; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2017)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic increasingly used in emergency medicine for many indications. "( The Use, Safety, and Efficacy of Olanzapine in a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center Emergency Department Over a 10-Year Period.
Blanchard, SR; Cole, JB; Klein, LR; Martel, ML; Nahum, R; Strobel, AM, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and known to be effective in the management of delirium. "( Olanzapine induced delirium-a "probable" adverse drug reaction.
MacKintosh, D, 2017)
"Olanzapine is an orexigenic antipsychotic drug associated with serious metabolic adverse effects in humans. "( Lack of Ovarian Secretions Reverts the Anabolic Action of Olanzapine in Female Rats.
Berge, RK; Fernø, J; González-García, I; López, M; Martins, L; Mellgren, G; Nogueiras, R; Skrede, S; Steen, VM; Tena-Sempere, M, 2017)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic used in the management of schizophrenia and various off-label conditions. "( Obesity exacerbates the acute metabolic side effects of olanzapine.
Bush, ND; Peppler, WT; Townsend, LK; Wright, DC, 2018)
"Olanzapine is a widely prescribed antipsychotic drug. "( Exercise Protects Against Olanzapine-Induced Hyperglycemia in Male C57BL/6J Mice.
Bush, N; Castellani, LN; Miotto, PM; Peppler, WT; Wright, DC, 2018)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic, undergoes extensive first pass metabolism, also has poor aqueous solubility and belongs to BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) Class II drug) exhibit low oral bioavailability. "( Enhanced oral bioavailability of an antipsychotic drug through nanostructured lipid carriers.
Anbarasan, A; Arun, R; G, N; Hingarh, PK; Jawahar, N; S, S; Selvaraj, J, 2018)
"Olanzapine is a marketed antipsychotic agent for treatment of both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. "( Isolation, identification and characterization of two novel process-related impurities in olanzapine.
Cao, L; Chen, L; He, K; Li, J; Liu, B; Wang, Y; Zhang, G; Zhang, W; Zhuang, T, 2018)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. "( AICAR Prevents Acute Olanzapine-Induced Disturbances in Glucose Homeostasis.
Bush, ND; Townsend, LK; Wright, DC, 2018)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug used in psychiatric diseases. "( Successful intravenous lipid emulsion therapy: Olanzapine intoxication.
Akkoc, I; Demirel, A; Kalkan, A; Metin, DD; Sut, R; Yeniocak, S, 2018)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug commonly used for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Development of a population pharmacokinetic model of olanzapine for Chinese health volunteers and patients with schizophrenia.
Dong, F; Ji, S; Li, A; Li, W; Lu, W; Ruan, C; Wang, C; Yan, H; Yue, W; Zhang, D, 2018)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has shown efficacy for the treatment of nausea, anxiety, and insomnia. "( Olanzapine with ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in lung cancer.
Lou, G; Wang, W; Zhang, Y, 2018)
"Olanzapine is a commonly prescribed antipsychotic available as oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. "( Age Impacts Olanzapine Exposure Differently During Use of Oral Versus Long-Acting Injectable Formulations: An Observational Study Including 8,288 Patients.
Correll, CU; Hartberg, C; Haslemo, T; Høiseth, G; Molden, E; Refsum, H; Smith, RL; Tveito, M, 2018)
"Olanzapine (Olz) is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, which can be caused by chronic psychosocial stress. "( Brain Sub/Region-Specific Effects of Olanzapine on c-Fos Expression of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats.
Borgwardt, S; Filipović, D; Gass, P; Inta, D; Lang, UE; Perić, I; Stanisavljević, A, 2019)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug most commonly used to manage psychoses and symptoms of irritability and aggressive behavior."( Patient Survival After Acute Voluntary Poisoning With a Huge Dose of Oxcarbazepine and Olanzapine.
Eleftheriotis, G; Galopoulos, D; Kalogera, V; Loupa, C; Malios, I; Marathonitis, G; Meimeti, E, 2018)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder."( The IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates olanzapine-induced hepatic insulin resistance in male rats.
Huang, X; Li, Y; Ren, L; Wang, C; Zhou, X, 2019)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation antipsychotic drug used for treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other neuropsychiatric conditions. "( Lithium is able to minimize olanzapine oxidative-inflammatory induction on macrophage cells.
Aguiar-Ribeiro, EM; Assmann, CE; Azzolin, VF; Barbisan, F; da Cruz Jung, IE; da Cruz, IBM; do Prado-Lima, PAS; Duarte, MMMF; Fernandes, MS; Riffel, RT; Teixeira, CF, 2019)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation anti-psychotic drug used to prevent neuroinflammation in patients with schizophrenia. "( Chronic olanzapine administration causes metabolic syndrome through inflammatory cytokines in rodent models of insulin resistance.
Chen, Y; Deng, YH; Fang, M; Huo, Y; Li, H; Li, S; Li, W; Liu, S; Lv, Y; Peng, S; Sun, T; Yang, N; Yu, L; Zhang, Z, 2019)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and has shown some degree of efficacy on negative and cognitive symptoms. "( Effects of olanzapine during cognitive and emotional processing in schizophrenia: A review of functional magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Brambilla, P; D'Agostino, A; Del Fabro, L; Delvecchio, G, 2019)
"Olanzapine (OL) is an atypical antipsychotic drug which suffers from an extensive hepatic metabolism and poor bioavailability. "( Surface modified niosomes of olanzapine for brain targeting via nasal route; preparation, optimization, and
Aboud, HM; Khallaf, RA; Sayed, OM, 2020)
"Olanzapine is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and pramipexole is a mixed dopamine D2 /D3 receptor agonist."( Could pramipexole induce acute mania? A case report.
Bet, PM; Franken, LG; Klumpers, UM, 2013)
"Olanzapine is an efficacious antipsychotic that can be used in its oral and depot formula (olanzapine pamoate) for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. "( Drug safety evaluation of olanzapine pamoate.
Kuhnigk, O; Naber, D; Schöttle, D, 2013)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent of the thiobenzodiazepine class. "( Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of chronic nausea and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Navari, RM, 2014)
"Olanzapine is a first line medication for the treatment of schizophrenia, but it is also one of the atypical antipsychotics carrying the highest risk of weight gain. "( Metformin and berberine prevent olanzapine-induced weight gain in rats.
Davies, GE; Davies, PS; Droke, EA; Ehli, EA; Hu, Y; Nowotny, D; Soundy, TJ; Young, AJ, 2014)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, whose chronic use has been associated with the development of potential adverse effects such as weight gain and cardio-metabolic disorders like hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. "( Nanoencapsulation of olanzapine increases its efficacy in antipsychotic treatment and reduces adverse effects.
Burger, ME; Dimer, FA; Friedrich, RB; Guterres, SS; Ortiz, M; Pase, CS; Pohlmann, AR; Roversi, K, 2014)
"Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic. "( Subchronic olanzapine treatment decreases the expression of pancreatic glucose transporter 2 in rat pancreatic β cells.
Liu, H; Shu, S; Su, D; Wang, G; Wang, M; Yao, L, 2014)
"Olanzapine is a safe and efficient drug for the prevention of duloxetine-related nausea and vomiting."( Effects of low-dose olanzapine on duloxetine-related nausea and vomiting for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Chen, M; Han, H; Huang, Z; Wang, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhong, Z, 2014)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent, structurally related to clozapine, and extensively used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder-associated mania, and the behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease."( Benzo- and thienobenzo- diazepines: multi-target drugs for CNS disorders.
Botelho, SP; Da Silva, MS; Ishiki, H; Mendonça Júnior, FJ; Scotti, L; Scotti, MT, 2015)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent that blocks multiple neuronal receptors involved in the nausea and vomiting pathways. "( A review of olanzapine as an antiemetic in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and in palliative care patients.
Fatigoni, S; Fonte, C; Roila, F, 2015)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses. "( In Vitro Characterization of the Human Liver Microsomal Kinetics and Reaction Phenotyping of Olanzapine Metabolism.
Korprasertthaworn, P; McLachlan, AJ; Miners, JO; Polasek, TM; Rowland, A; Sorich, MJ; Tucker, GT, 2015)
"1. Olanzapine (OLZ) is a widely used atypical antipsychotic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders. "( Involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial/lysosomal cross-talk in olanzapine cytotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.
Azarmi, Y; Eftekhari, A; Eghbal, MA; Parvizpur, A, 2016)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that inhibits serotonergic, dopaminergic, alpha-1 adrenergic, histaminic, and muscarinic receptors. "( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) as reported in phase I and II studies: a systematic review.
Chiu, L; Chiu, N; Chow, E; Chow, R; DeAngelis, C; Lam, H; Navari, R; Pasetka, M; Passik, S; Popovic, M, 2016)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that also has mood-stabilizing effects. "( Effects of olanzapine on LPS-induced inflammation in rat primary glia cells.
Azab, AN; Faour-Nmarne, C, 2016)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with similar pharmacologic properties to droperidol. "( A Large Retrospective Cohort of Patients Receiving Intravenous Olanzapine in the Emergency Department.
Cole, JB; Klein, LR; Martel, ML; Rivard, RL, 2016)
"Olanzapine is a potent antipsychotic medication that inhibits a wide variety of receptors. "( Efficacy of olanzapine for the prophylaxis and rescue of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chiu, L; Chiu, N; Chow, E; Chow, R; DeAngelis, C; Lam, H; Milakovic, M; Navari, RM; Pasetka, M; Popovic, M; Shumway, NM; Vuong, S, 2016)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic (AAP) frequently used in acute and maintenance treatment of children and adolescents with psychotic disorders. "( Spontaneous Ejaculations in an Adolescent With Olanzapine Use: Case Report.
Tufan, AE; Yektaş, Ç, )
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a typical anti-psychotic drug, which is highly lipophilic in nature, belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II category. "( Enhanced brain targeting efficacy of Olanzapine through solid lipid nanoparticles.
Baskaran, M; Humtsoe, LC; Justin, A; Natarajan, J; Vadivelan, R, 2017)
"Olanzapine is a widely used atypical antipsychotic with significant weight gain and other metabolic side effects. "( Metabolic Response to Olanzapine in Healthy Chinese Subjects with rs7093146 Polymorphism in Transcription Factor 7-like 2 Gene (TCF7L2): A Prospective Study.
Guo, D; Huang, J; Li, Q; Shu, Y; Yang, H; Ye, Z, 2017)
"Olanzapine is an excellent alternative for the prophylaxis of CINV. "( Efficacy of olanzapine for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis.
Cui, Y; Liu, Q; Lu, M; Ma, L; Yang, T; Zhou, Y, 2017)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic that is increasingly used in preference to older antipsychotic agents. "( Prolonged toxicity after massive olanzapine overdose: two cases with confirmatory laboratory data.
Tse, GH; Waring, WS; Warner, MH, 2008)
"Olanzapine is an efficacious drug often used as a first-line medication in the treatment for schizophrenia. "( Genetic correlates of olanzapine-induced weight gain in schizophrenia subjects from north India: role of metabolic pathway genes.
Deshpande, SN; Lerer, B; Nimgaonkar, VL; Srivastava, V; Thelma, B, 2008)
"Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) with a high level of therapeutic effectiveness in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. "( [Olanzapine--high potency antipsychotic drug inducing significant weight gain: a case report].
Britivić, D; Jasović-Gasić, M; Josifović-Kostić, D; Marić, N; Vuković, O, )
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar mania and associated agitation."( Olanzapine: review of safety 2008.
Citrome, L; Kantrowitz, JT, 2008)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Potential effect of olanzapine on total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients.
Ahmed, FA; Al-Chalabi, BM; Thanoon, IA, 2009)
"Olanzapine is a new antipsychotic therapy registered in Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia since 1996."( [Pattern and evolution of the prescription of olanzapine during one year: Results of the cohort study ECOL].
Chartier, F; Deal, C; Flandre, P; Fourrier-Réglat, A; Gasquet, I; Heurtebize, N; Perrin, E, 2009)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic drug known to induce clinically significant weight gain. "( Acute effects of olanzapine on behavioural expression including the behavioural satiety sequence in female rats.
Cooper, GD; Goudie, AJ; Halford, JC, 2010)
"Olanzapine is a psychotropic agent that belongs to the thienobenzodiazepine class."( A single-dose, randomized, two-way crossover study comparing two olanzapine tablet products in healthy adult male volunteers under fasting conditions.
Elshafeey, AH; Elsherbiny, MA; Fathallah, MM, 2009)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic that may cause weight gain and metabolic syndrome in some cases. "( The association of olanzapine-induced weight gain with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia.
Akin, F; Aydin, N; Barlas, O; Erdal, M; Herken, H; Karadag, F; Sengul, C, 2009)
"Olanzapine is a safe and efficient drug for prevention of CINV."( Clinical research of Olanzapine for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Chen, J; Liu, J; Liu, X; Tan, L; Yan, Z; Yang, H; Zhang, D, 2009)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents (aged 13 -17 years) with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed episodes)."( Oral olanzapine disposition in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a population pharmacokinetic model.
Bergstrom, RF; Hong, Q; Lobo, ED; Quinlan, T; Robertson-Plouch, C, 2010)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that, in addition to its use in adults, is now indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia, and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adolescents aged 13-17 years. "( Olanzapine: in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.
McCormack, PL, 2010)
"Olanzapine seems to be a safe and effective treatment for primary DSM-IV trichotillomania."( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine in the treatment of trichotillomania.
Bennett, M; Mancini, C; Oakman, J; Patterson, B; Van Ameringen, M, 2010)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug that frequently induces weight gain accompanied by increased fat deposition as a side effect. "( Olanzapine affects locomotor activity and meal size in male rats.
Adan, RA; Evers, SS; la Fleur, SE; Luijendijk, MC; van der Zwaal, EM, 2010)
"Olanzapine is a drug approved for treatment of schizophrenia and mania."( Olanzapine for nausea and vomiting.
Licup, N, 2010)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic drug and is commonly used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). "( The genotoxic and oxidative damage potential of olanzapine in vitro.
Toğar, B; Türkez, H, 2010)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with shown efficacy in psychosis treatment."( Increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in first episode psychotic patients after treatment with atypical antipsychotics.
Alberich, S; Barbeito, S; González-Pinto, A; Gutiérrez, A; Haidar, K; Matute, C; Mosquera, F; Ortiz, A; Palomino, A; Vega, P, 2010)
"Olanzapine is an a-typical antipsychotic drug antagonizing predominantly 5-HT and dopamine, but also histamine, muscarin, and α-adrenergic receptors. "( Olanzapine causes hypothermia, inactivity, a deranged feeding pattern and weight gain in female Wistar rats.
Calcagnoli, F; Evers, SS; Scheurink, AJ; van Dijk, G, 2010)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic whose clinical efficacy is hampered by side effects including weight gain and diabetes. "( Central nervous system delivery of the antipsychotic olanzapine induces hepatic insulin resistance.
Haas, M; Martins, PJ; Obici, S, 2010)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic, and is contraindicated to use with epinephrine, because the a receptor antagonistic action of olanzapine decreases the blood pressure in combination with epinephrine."( [Epidural labor analgesia for a primipara with schizophrenia].
Nakagawa, C; Okada, H; Sato, S; Taniguchi, M; Uchizaki, S, 2010)
"Olanzapine is a widely used atypical antipsychotic, with well known metabolic side effects such as weight gain, insulin resistance and blood glucose abnormalities. "( Beneficial effect of the insulin sensitizer (HSP inducer) BGP-15 on olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders.
Buday, B; Fleming, A; Korányi, L; Kulcsár, E; Literáti-Nagy, B; Literáti-Nagy, Z; Mandl, J; Péterfai, E; Roth, J; Sümegi, B; Tory, K, 2010)
"Olanzapine was found to be a dominant cost-effective choice, as it was associated with greater effectiveness at lower total costs relative to aripiprazole."( Cost-effectiveness of olanzapine vs. aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Ascher-Svanum, H; Faries, DE; Kane, JM; Osuntokun, OO; Peng, X; Stauffer, VL; Stensland, MD, 2011)
"Olanzapine pamoate is an efficacious formulation, particularly for patients with a history of good response to oral olanzapine and doubtful adherence. "( Olanzapine pamoate for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Naber, D, 2011)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is useful in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder, but its use is associated with troublesome weight gain and metabolic syndrome. "( Metformin for olanzapine-induced weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Goyal, N; Jana, AK; Praharaj, SK; Sinha, VK, 2011)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic known to cause considerable weight gain. "( Cannabinoid type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with olanzapine-induced weight gain.
Choi, JE; Geum, D; Kang, SG; Kim, L; Koo, SH; Lee, HJ; Park, YM, )
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and treatment-resistant depression. "( Olanzapine metabolism and the significance of UGT1A448V and UGT2B1067Y variants.
Erickson-Ridout, KK; Lazarus, P; Zhu, J, 2011)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic agent approved for the treatment of psychotic disorders and mania. "( Olanzapine intoxication-related transient diabetes insipidus.
Alçelik, A; Canan, F; Koçer, E, 2011)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been increasingly used in acute treatment of, and therapeutic support for, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses. "( Endocrine and testicular changes induced by olanzapine in adult Wistar rats.
Amorim, MJ; Brito, LT; da Silva Junior, VA; de Amorim Júnior, AA; de Siqueira Bringel, S; de Torres, SM; Morais, RN; Tenorio, BM, 2013)
"Olanzapine appears to be a superior treatment for hostility in early phases of therapy for first-episode schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophreniform disorder."( Efficacy of antipsychotic drugs against hostility in the European First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST).
Bitter, I; Czobor, P; Derks, EM; Fleischhacker, WW; Kahn, RS; Libiger, J; Volavka, J, 2011)
"Olanzapine (OZ) is a second-generation or atypical antipsychotic which selectively binds to central dopamine D₂ and serotonin (5-HT(2c)) receptors. "( Development and evaluation of olanzapine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Kumar, A; Sawant, KK; Seju, U, 2011)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with multireceptor affinity and different pharmacological effects, which can result with abnormalities in laboratory investigations."( [Laboratory investigations in acute olanzapine poisonings].
Ciszowski, K; Jawień, W; Sein Anand, J; Wilimowska, J, 2011)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for many years in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. "( [Electrocardiographic abnormalities in acute olanzapine poisonings].
Ciszowski, K; Sein Anand, J, 2011)
"Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic of thienobenzodiazepin group, which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and others, mainly psychiatric. "( [The clinical picture of acute olanzapine poisonings].
Ciszowski, K; Jawień, W; Sein Anand, J; Wilimowska, J, 2011)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that blocks dopaminergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, histaminergic, and muscarinic receptors."( Olanzapine suppresses the rewarding and discriminative stimulus effects induced by morphine.
Mori, T; Narita, M; Shibasaki, M; Suzuki, T; Torigoe, K; Yoshizawa, K, 2012)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic, which is also used as a mood stabilizer. "( Olanzapine-induced anaphylactic shock: a case report.
Hansen, A; Prapotnik, M; Roth, C, 2012)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that infrequently has been reported to cause seizures and myoclonus despite a small proconvulsant risk. "( Olanzapine-associated myoclonus.
Haut, SR; Milstein, MJ; Rosen, JB, 2012)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent of the thienobenzodiazepine class. "( Olanzapine: palliative medicine update.
Prommer, E, 2013)
"Olanzapine is a widely used agent for the treatment of schizophrenia.The aim of this study was to evaluate bioequivalence of two 10-mg tablet formulations of olanzapine following single oral dose in adult male volunteers.This was a randomized, single-dose, open-label, crossover bioequivalence study. "( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 2 tablet formulations of olanzapine in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-label, single-dose study.
Chen, Q; Jia, JY; Li, SJ; Liu, GY; Liu, Y; Liu, YM; Lu, C; Qi, YL; Yu, C; Zhang, MQ, 2012)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia."( Effects of fluoxetine, tianeptine and olanzapine on unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice.
Akar, F; Celikyurt, IK; Erden, F; Gumuslu, E; Kır, HM; Kokturk, S; Mutlu, O; Ulak, G, 2012)
"Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine that blocks especially the serontonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) 5-HT2A and the dopamine D2 receptors as well as muscarinic (M1), histamine (H1), 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 to 5-HT6, adrenergic (α(l)), and D4 receptors. "( Olanzapine abuse.
Erol, A; Kumsar, NA, 2013)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia, in which memory impairment is a core deficit. "( A randomized controlled trial of olanzapine improving memory deficits in Han Chinese patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
Geng, YG; Li, H; Li, Y; Mu, JL; Su, LY; Wang, CH; Wang, JK; Yang, J, 2013)
"Olanzapine is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 1A2. "( Fluvoxamine augmentation of olanzapine in chronic schizophrenia: pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical effects.
Hadjez, J; Härtter, S; Hiemke, C; Jabarin, M; Modai, I; Peled, A; Ritsner, M; Silver, H; Weigmann, H, 2002)
"Olanzapine is an atypical neuroleptic drug with mood-stabilising properties and few of the side effects commonly associated with conventional neuroleptic treatment. "( A clinical case series of six extremely aggressive youths treated with olanzapine.
Gillberg, C; Rastam, M; Soderstrom, H, 2002)
"Olanzapine is a widely used, newer antipsychotic agent, which is metabolized by various pathways: hydroxylation and N-demethylation by cytochrome P450, N-oxidation by flavin monooxygenase and direct glucuronidation. "( Glucuronidation of olanzapine by cDNA-expressed human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and human liver microsomes.
Linnet, K, 2002)
"Olanzapine was shown to be a suitable treatment for refractory schizophrenia in this series of seriously ill patients. "( Olanzapine for the treatment of chronic refractory schizophrenia: a 12-month follow-up naturalistic study.
Abel, A; Alvarez, V; Blanco, C; Ciudad, A; Cudeiro, F; Ferreiro, MJ; Gómez, Y; López, A; Peña, C; Prieto, R; Rego, C; Rodríguez-Pérez, V, 2002)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is reported to be effective without producing the disabling extrapyramidal side effects associated with the older, typical antipsychotic drugs."( Olanzapine for schizophrenia.
Dardennes, RM; Duggan, L; El-Dosoky, A; Fenton, M; Indran, S, 2003)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic drug. "( [Analysis of olanzapine in human plasma with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography].
Fan, JX; Han, G; Xiao, H; Xie, SP; Yao, H, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has efficacy in adults with psychotic disorders. "( A prospective, open-label trial of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia.
Branicky, LA; Demeter, CA; Findling, RL; McNamara, NK; Schulz, SC; Youngstrom, EA, 2003)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic, which in a number of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies has been found to be more effective than haloperidol for the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia."( High-dose olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia.
Lerner, V, )
"Olanzapine is an effective treatment for mania and may be more efficacious than divalproex, though leads to more weight gain. "( Olanzapine alone or in combination for acute mania.
Geddes, JR; Gijsman, HJ; Goodwin, GM; Keck, P; Rendell, JM, 2003)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Investigation of target plasma concentration-effect relationships for olanzapine in schizophrenia.
Ahmad, F; Bulsara, MK; Castle, DJ; Dusci, LJ; Fellows, L; Ilett, KF, 2003)
"Olanzapine is a safe alternative to haloperidol in delirious critical care patients, and may be of particular interest in patients in whom haloperidol is contraindicated."( Olanzapine vs haloperidol: treating delirium in a critical care setting.
Bergeron, N; Dumont, M; Gottfried, SB; Skrobik, YK, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is increasingly used in intentional drug overdoses. "( The clinical picture of olanzapine poisoning with special reference to fluctuating mental status.
Kupferschmidt, H; Meier, PJ; Palenzona, S; Rauber-Luethy, C, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with proven therapeutic effect, though it is rarely used in agitated patients. "( Olanzapine in the treatment of agitation in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizofreniform disorders.
Bidzan, L; Staszewska-Małys, E; Turczyński, J, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic which, used alone or in combination with benzodiazepines, is effective and well tolerated in treatment of agitation in schizophrenic patients. "( Olanzapine in the treatment of agitation in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizofreniform disorders.
Bidzan, L; Staszewska-Małys, E; Turczyński, J, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic medication linked to the development, or exacerbation of, type 2 diabetes mellitus. "( Fatal olanzapine-induced hyperglycemic ketoacidosis.
Avella, J; Hahn, T; Katz, M; Wetli, CV; Wilson, JC, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an effective drug for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder but is associated with burdensome weight gain. "( Effects on weight and outcome of long-term olanzapine-topiramate combination treatment in bipolar disorder.
Benabarre, A; Brugue, E; Colom, F; Comes, M; Corbella, B; Goikolea, JM; Martínez-Arán, A; Reinares, M; Sánchez-Moreno, J; Torrent, C; Vieta, E, 2004)
"Olanzapine is a promising medication for the treatment of stuttering and further research is warranted."( Olanzapine in the treatment of developmental stuttering: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Brojeni, PH; Franklin, DL; Maguire, GA; Maguire, ME; Nguyen, CT; Riley, GD, )
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been shown to be neuroprotective in previous in vitro studies."( Post-stress changes in BDNF and Bcl-2 immunoreactivities in hippocampal neurons: effect of chronic administration of olanzapine.
Li, XM; Luo, C; Xu, H, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is approved in the US and Europe for the oral treatment of acute manic episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder, and for maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence in responders. "( Olanzapine: a review of its use in the management of bipolar I disorder.
McCormack, PL; Wiseman, LR, 2004)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with a low incidence of extrapyramidal-motoric side effects. "( Reversible neutropenia during treatment with olanzapine: three case reports.
Agelink, M; Cordes, J; Klimke, A; Loeffler, S; Streit, M; von Wilmsdorff, M, 2004)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic drug with an atypical profile."( Low delta sleep predicted a good clinical response to olanzapine administration in schizophrenic patients.
Brunner, E; Galicia-Polo, L; Herrera-Estrella, M; Rosas, M; Salín-Pascual, RJ, )
"Olanzapine is an efficacious and widely prescribed atypical antipsychotic agent."( Low-dose fluvoxamine as an adjunct to reduce olanzapine therapeutic dose requirements: a prospective dose-adjusted drug interaction strategy.
Albers, LJ; Aravagiri, M; Endrenyi, L; Marder, SR; Ozdemir, V; Raggi, MA; Reist, C, 2005)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic reported to be effective without producing disabling extrapyramidal adverse effects associated with older, typical antipsychotic drugs."( Olanzapine for schizophrenia.
Dardennes, R; Duggan, L; El-Dosoky, A; Fenton, M; Indran, S; Rathbone, J, 2005)
"Olanzapine is a safe and effective treatment for patients with acute schizophrenia in the hospital setting, even for patients with prominent positive or agitation symptoms."( Safety, effectiveness, and patterns of use of olanzapine in acute schizophrenia: a multivariate analysis of a large naturalistic study in the hospital setting.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2005)
"Olanzapine is a widely used atypical antipsychotic drug. "( Olanzapine interactions with nicotine and mecamylamine in rats: effects on memory function.
Beatty, A; Levin, ED; Petro, A, )
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is approved in the US and Europe for the oral treatment of acute manic episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder and for maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence in responders. "( Spotlight on olanzapine in bipolar I disorder.
McCormack, PL; Wiseman, LR, 2005)
"Olanzapine is a new atypical antipsychotic drug acting on different receptors. "( [Clinical course of acute poisoning with olanzapine].
Balicka-Slusarczyk, B; Groszek, B; Szczeklik, J; Szpak, D, 2005)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation antipsychotic agent available in 2 solid oral dosage forms, a standard oral tablet (SOT) and an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). "( Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of standard tablet versus normal and sublingual administration of an orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers.
DeVane, CL; Donovan, JL; Gefroh, HA; Malcolm, RJ; Markowitz, JS; Wang, JS; Zhu, HJ, 2006)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent that can be used as a first-line agent in delusional parasitosis as a safer therapeutic option without a specialized monitoring regimen."( Successful treatment of delusions of parasitosis with olanzapine.
Badreshia, S; Mackley, CL; Meehan, WJ, 2006)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic, approved for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. "( Olanzapine: a 5-year perspective.
Littrell, KH; Petty, RG; Wolf, NM, 2006)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug approved for acute and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. "( Black hairy tongue associated with olanzapine treatment: a case report.
Annagur, BB; Tamam, L, 2006)
"Olanzapine is a safely and comprehensively applicable atypical antipsychotic drug, for the treatment of schizophrenia, and of the mild to sever maniac episode. "( [Akathisia in the course of olanzapine treatment].
Csonka, A; Makkos, Z, 2006)
"Olanzapine is a neuroleptic drug widely prescribed to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. "( Human reward system activation is modulated by a single dose of olanzapine in healthy subjects in an event-related, double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study.
Abler, B; Erk, S; Walter, H, 2007)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is reported to cause myopathy and raised creatine kinase (CK) levels. "( Olanzapine overdose is associated with acute muscle toxicity.
Bateman, DN; Waring, WS; Wrate, J, 2006)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic agent approved for the treatment of psychotic disorders and mania. "( A severe case of olanzapine overdose with analytical data.
Ballesteros, MA; Ballesteros, S; de la Torre, CS; Martínez, MA; Rodríguez-Borregán, JC, 2007)
"Olanzapine is a widely used second generation antipsychotic drug. "( Serum levels of olanzapine in a non-fatal overdose.
Asplund, C; Hägg, S; Lakso, HA; Lennestål, R; Mjörndal, T; Nilsson, M, 2007)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic drug (AAPD). "( Olanzapine induces SREBP-1-related adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.
Chen, TM; Chen, YH; Yang, LH; Yu, ST, 2007)
"Olanzapine has proved to be a reliable antipsychotic drug with a greater liability to cause metabolic abnormalities."( Cognition, functioning and quality of life in schizophrenia treatment: results of a one-year randomized controlled trial of olanzapine and quetiapine.
Awad, AG; Fernando, ML; Forrest, C; Parker, G; Senthilal, S; Usmani, Y; Voruganti, LP, 2007)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a widely used antipsychotic substance. "( Large intraindividual variability of olanzapine serum concentrations in adolescent patients.
Bachmann, CJ; Haberhausen, M; Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, M; Remschmidt, H; Theisen, FM, 2008)
"Olanzapine, which is an 'atypical' antipsychotic, is becoming more widespread in the treatment of AN."( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine as an adjunctive treatment for anorexia nervosa in adolescent females: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Buchholz, A; Feder, S; Gaboury, I; Henderson, K; Kourad, K; Ledoux, S; Moher, D; Norris, M; Spettigue, W, 2008)
"Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic with mood-stabilizing properties and antagonistic activity at several dopamine receptors."( Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling: a negative randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Kaehler, L; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL; Nelson, EB; Welge, JA, 2008)
"Olanzapine is a potential new "atypical" antipsychotic agent. "( Olanzapine versus placebo and haloperidol: acute phase results of the North American double-blind olanzapine trial.
Beasley, CM; Hamilton, S; Sanger, T; Satterlee, W; Tollefson, G; Tran, P, 1996)
"Olanzapine (LY170053) is a novel putative atypical antipsychotic that shares many pharmacological and behavioral properties with clozapine."( Antagonism of phencyclidine-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition by the putative atypical antipsychotic olanzapine.
Bakshi, VP; Geyer, MA, 1995)
"Olanzapine is a potential new "atypical" antipsychotic agent. "( Olanzapine versus placebo: results of a double-blind, fixed-dose olanzapine trial.
Beasley, CM; Hamilton, S; Sanger, T; Satterlee, W; Tollefson, G; Tran, P, 1996)
"Olanzapine is a new antipsychotic drug with affinity for 5-HT2, D2, D1, and muscarinic receptors. "( A PET study of 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy induced by olanzapine in healthy subjects.
Farde, L; Halldin, C; Nyberg, S, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine derivative which displays efficacy in patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. "( Olanzapine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of schizophrenia and related psychoses.
Fulton, B; Goa, KL, 1997)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a novel antipsychotic agent with a high affinity for serotonin (5-HT2), dopamine (D1/D2/D4), muscarinic (m1-m5), adrenergic (alpha 1), and histamine (H1) receptors. "( Disposition and metabolism of olanzapine in mice, dogs, and rhesus monkeys.
Bernstein, J; Chiu, A; Franklin, R; Gillespie, T; Hotten, T; Kassahun, K; Mattiuz, E; Murphy, A, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a new "atypical" antipsychotic agent that belongs chemically to the thienobenzodiazepine class. "( Efficacy of olanzapine: an overview of pivotal clinical trials.
Beasley, CM; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a new antipsychotic agent with serotonin/dopamine antagonism action. "( Dosing the antipsychotic medication olanzapine.
Nemeroff, CB, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic agent exhibiting regional mesolimbic dopaminergic selectivity and a broad-based pharmacology encompassing serotonin, dopamine, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptor binding affinities."( Blind, controlled, long-term study of the comparative incidence of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine or haloperidol.
Beasley, CM; Potvin, JH; Tamura, RN; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine analog with an in vitro receptor affinity profile similar to that of clozapine. "( Olanzapine: a new antipsychotic agent with efficacy in the management of schizophrenia.
Green, AI; Kando, JC; Patel, JK; Reams, SG; Satterlee, W; Shepski, JC, 1997)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic effective in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. "( Olanzapine plasma concentrations and clinical response in acutely ill schizophrenic patients.
Beasley, C; Perry, PJ; Sanger, T, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a new antipsychotic drug that has shown efficacy against positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, with minimal extrapyramidal side effects."( Olanzapine in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: results of an open-label study. The Spanish Group for the Study of Olanzapine in Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia.
Alvarez, E; Cuesta, M; García-Bernardo, E; Gómez, JC; Gurpegui, M; Martín, J, 1997)
"Olanzapine is an "atypical" antipsychotic agent with a high affinity for serotonin 5HT2A/C, 5HT3, 5HT6, and dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4 receptors. "( Olanzapine: interaction study with imipramine.
Callaghan, JT; Cerimele, BJ; Hoyes-Beehler, PJ; Kassahun, KJ; Kondraske, GV; Nyhart, EH, 1997)
"Olanzapine is a serotonin-dopamine-receptor antagonist indicated for use in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders."( Olanzapine: a serotonin-dopamine-receptor antagonist for antipsychotic therapy.
Bever, KA; Perry, PJ, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a newly introduced atypical neuroleptic, with a broad receptor profile similar to that of clozapine. "( Olanzapine.
Hale, AS, )
"Olanzapine is a new atypical antipsychotic recently introduced for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of olanzapine in schizophrenia: a PET investigation.
DaSilva, J; Houle, S; Jones, C; Kapur, S; Remington, G; Wilson, AA; Zipursky, RB, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a potent 5-HT2 blocker and shows a higher 5-HT2 than D2 occupancy at all doses. "( 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of olanzapine in schizophrenia: a PET investigation.
DaSilva, J; Houle, S; Jones, C; Kapur, S; Remington, G; Wilson, AA; Zipursky, RB, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a recently introduced atypical neuroleptic agent for which little information is available on its use in children. "( Open-label olanzapine treatment in five preadolescent children.
King, BH; Krishnamoorthy, J, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a newly developed atypical neuroleptic with a marked affinity to the 5-HT2, D2 and D4 dopamine receptors. "( Severe akathisia during olanzapine treatment of acute schizophrenia.
Bachmann, S; Gerdsen, I; Jauss, M; Mundt, C; Pantel, J; Schröder, J, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a novel atypical antipsychotic drug with few reported extrapyramidal side effects which may be more suitable for controlling hallucinosis in these patients."( Olanzapine in the treatment of hallucinosis in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a cautionary note.
Ford, KS; Graham, JM; Sagar, HJ; Sussman, JD, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a relatively new antipsychotic agent which appears to be effective in the treatment of both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. "( Olanzapine-induced mania.
Brannon, GE; McBride, WA; Reeves, RR, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic, which is effective against both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and causes fewer extrapyramidal adverse effects than conventional antipsychotics. "( A pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and olanzapine: observations on possible mechanism.
Bergstrom, RF; Gilfillan, DJ; Lucas, RA, 1998)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic agent displaying a unique and pleotrophic pharmacology, which distinguishes it from other existing treatments. "( Review of recent clinical studies with olanzapine.
Kuntz, AJ; Tollefson, GD, 1999)
"As olanzapine is a drug with a very similar biochemical profile to clozapine, it is important to evaluate whether non-response to olanzapine predicts clozapine non-response."( Treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients respond to clozapine after olanzapine non-response.
Conley, RR; Kelly, DL; Richardson, CM; Tamminga, CA, 1999)
"Olanzapine is a novel atypical antipsychotic agent with affinity at dopaminergic, serotonergic, muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminergic binding sites."( Olanzapine acute administration in schizophrenic patients increases delta sleep and sleep efficiency.
Galicia-Polo, L; Herrera-Estrella, M; Laurrabaquio, MR; Salin-Pascual, RJ, 1999)
"Olanzapine is a new atypical antipsychotic agent that belongs to the same chemical class as clozapine. "( In vivo effects of olanzapine on striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor binding in schizophrenic patients: an iodine-123 iodobenzamide single-photon emission tomography study.
Dresel, S; Hahn, K; Mager, T; Meisenzahl, E; Möller, HJ; Rossmüller, B; Tatsch, K, 1999)
"Olanzapine is a new antipsychotic drug, pharmacodynamically similar to clozapine, but putatively devoid of haematological iatrogenicity. "( Olanzapine-induced neutropenia after clozapine-induced neutropenia.
Benedetti, F; Cavallaro, R; Smeraldi, E, 1999)
"Olanzapine is a tricyclic neuroleptic agent that due to structural similarities was expected to be a safe alternative to clozapine, which has a 0.5-2% risk of agranulocytosis. "( Two cases of olanzapine-induced reversible neutropenia.
Grohmann, R; Pedrosa, F; Rüther, E; Schwerdtner, I; Steinwachs, A, 1999)
"Olanzapine is an effective antipsychotic medication in older adults with schizophrenia, and is associated with significant improvement in extrapyramidal side effects."( Olanzapine therapy in elderly patients with schizophrenia.
Brescan, D; Perez, D; Ramirez, LF; Sajatovic, M, 1998)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent which is at least as effective as the conventional agent haloperidol and the atypical agent risperidone. "( Olanzapine. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in schizophrenia.
Foster, RH; Goa, KL, 1999)
"Olanzapine is a cost-effective alternative to conventional agents for the treatment of moderately to severely ill patients with longstanding schizophrenia."( Olanzapine. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in schizophrenia.
Foster, RH; Goa, KL, 1999)
"Olanzapine proved to be an adequate treatment choice for NIA patients."( Measuring neuroleptic-induced akathisia by three-channel actometry.
Holi, M; Lauerma, H; Markkula, J; Rimon, R; Tuisku, K, 1999)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication that was approved for use in the United States in 1996. "( Olanzapine overdose in an 18-month-old child.
Butera, AS; Catalano, G; Catalano, MC; Cooper, DS, 1999)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is reported to be effective without producing the disabling extrapyramidal side effects associated with the older, typical antipsychotic drugs."( Olanzapine for schizophrenia.
Dardennes, RM; Duggan, L; El-Dosoky, A; Fenton, M; Indran, S, 2000)
"Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic effective in reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and with a safe side-effect profile. "( Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine in elderly patients with psychotic disorders: a prospective study.
Brenner, R; Concepcion, NM; Florita, CD; Kaur, A; Madhusoodanan, S; Menon, G; Nunez, G; Reddy, H; Suresh, P, 2000)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug which shows a high antagonistic affinity to the D1, D2 and D4 and the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2c receptors. "( Effective open-label treatment of tourette's disorder with olanzapine.
Aschauer, HN; De Zwaan, M; Kasper, S; Resinger, E; Schindler, SD; Stamenkovic, M; Willinger, U, 2000)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with potent antimuscarinic properties in vitro (K(i) = 2-25 nM). "( In vivo olanzapine occupancy of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in patients with schizophrenia.
Egan, MF; Jones, DW; Knable, MB; Lafargue, T; Pickar, D; Raedler, TJ; Urbina, RA; Weinberger, DR, 2000)
"Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug that has been on the market since 1996. "( Overdose and death with olanzapine: two case reports.
Cawthon, B; Gerber, JE, 2000)
"Olanzapine is a relatively new atypical anti-psychotic agent first introduced in November of 1996 under the trade name of zyprexa."( Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with olanzapine therapy: a case report.
Privette, T; Stanfield, SC, 2000)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Olanzapine plasma concentrations and clinical response: acute phase results of the North American Olanzapine Trial.
Beasley, C; Lund, BC; Perry, PJ; Sanger, T, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent whose side effects include sedation, weight gain, and increased creatinine kinase and transaminase levels."( A case report of olanzapine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.
Bergman, R; Eilam, O; Hayek, T; Raz, A; Yungerman, T, 2001)
"Olanzapine is a potentially useful antipsychotic drug, with significant short-term effects on behavioral changes, mainly in patients with severe psychiatric symptoms at the onset. "( Short-term effects of olanzapine in Huntington disease.
Brusa, L; Cannella, M; Porcellini, A; Ruggieri, S; Simonelli, M; Squitieri, F, 2001)
"Olanzapine is a serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonist primarily used in the treatment of psychotic illnesses. "( Olanzapine: an atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia.
Lund, BC; Perry, PJ, 2000)
"Olanzapine may prove to be a useful adjunctive therapy in some self-induced dermatoses including acne excorieé."( Olanzapine may be an effective adjunctive therapy in the management of acne excoriée: a case report.
Gupta, AK; Gupta, MA, )
"1. Olanzapine is a novel atypical antipsychotic with affinity for a number of neurotransmitter receptors including dopamine D1, D2, D4, serotonin 5HT2A, 5HT2C, histamine H1, a1-adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. "( Dopamine receptor responsivity in schizophrenic patients in a drug-free state and after treatment with olanzapine.
Hatzimanolis, J; Lykouras, L; Markianos, M; Oulis, P, 2001)
"Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is an atypical neuroleptic used in adult and pediatric patients for the management of schizophrenia. "( Diabetic ketoacidosis associated with olanzapine in an adolescent patient.
Scott, SM; Selva, KA, 2001)
"Olanzapine is a favorable drug with a potential treatment of delirium, psychotic depression, mood disorders and nausea with a single drug in advanced cancer patients. "( Olanzapine: another psychotropic?
Davis, MP; Dickerson, ED, )
"Olanzapine is a commonly used atypical antipsychotic medication for which therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed as clinically useful. "( A high-performance liquid chromatography assay with ultraviolet detection for olanzapine in human plasma and urine.
Boulton, DW; DeVane, CL; Markowitz, JS, 2001)
"Olanzapine is a relatively new antipsychotic drug used in the United States for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( Tissue distribution of olanzapine in a postmortem case.
Felo, JA; Jenkins, AJ; Merrick, TC, 2001)
"Olanzapine appears to be a good abortive agent for cluster headache. "( Olanzapine as an abortive agent for cluster headache.
Rozen, TD, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is becoming more widely used in children and adolescents. "( Hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia secondary to olanzapine.
Domon, SE; Webber, JC, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an effective and safe antipsychotic drug. "( [Olanzapine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring].
Baumann, P; Grasmäder, K; Hiemke, C; Rao, ML, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with a more favourable safety profile than typical antipsychotics with a hitherto unknown topographic quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) profile."( Multilead quantitative electroencephalogram profile and cognitive evoked potentials (P300) in healthy subjects after a single dose of olanzapine.
Czekalla, J; Dierks, T; Frölich, L; Holstein, W; Hubl, D; Kleinlogel, H; Maurer, K; Weinandi, T, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an 'atypical' antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. "( The pharmacovigilance of olanzapine: results of a post-marketing surveillance study on 8858 patients in England.
Biswasl, PN; Freemantle, S; Pearcel, GL; Shakir, SA; Wilton, LV, 2001)
"Olanzapine appears to be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of women with criteria-defined BPD, significantly affecting all 4 core areas of borderline psychopathology (i.e., affect, cognition, impulsivity, and interpersonal relationships)."( Olanzapine treatment of female borderline personality disorder patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Frankenburg, FR; Zanarini, MC, 2001)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and other manifestations of psychotic illness. "( Hypotension and bradycardia in a healthy volunteer following a single 5 mg dose of olanzapine.
Boulton, DW; DeVane, CL; Liston, HL; Markowitz, JS; Risch, SC, 2002)
"Olanzapine appears to be a clinically efficacious and safe drug for the treatment of the symptoms of delirium in the hospitalized medically ill."( An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients.
Breitbart, W; Gibson, C; Tremblay, A, )

Effects

Olanzapine has a high affinity for the 5HT(2A) receptor, which is up to 5 times greater than the dopamine receptor. Olanzapine pamoate has a higher cost of treatment than the oral form and requires administration in a hospital setting.

Olanzapine has been found to have antiemetic properties due to its ability to inhibit multiple serotonergic, dopaminergic, alpha-1 adrenergic and histamine receptors. Olanzapine use has been reported during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but there are no controlled clinical trials assessing the safety of olanZapine exposure to infants and fetuses.

ExcerptReference
"Olanzapine has a related chemical structure and comparable receptor-binding profile as clozapine, which demonstrated superior efficacy in combination studies, but has a more unfavorable side-effect profile compared to olanzapine."( A randomized double-blind controlled trial to assess the benefits of amisulpride and olanzapine combination treatment versus each monotherapy in acutely ill schizophrenia patients (COMBINE): methods and design.
Baumgärtner, J; Brockhaus-Dumke, A; Cordes, J; Correll, CU; Engelke, C; Englisch, S; Feyerabend, S; Gaebel, W; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E; Gründer, G; Hasan, A; Heres, S; Jäger, M; Kluge, M; Kolbe, H; Lange, C; Langguth, B; Leucht, S; Makiol, C; Meisenzahl-Lechner, E; Neff, A; Poeppl, T; Reske, D; Riesbeck, M; Schmidt-Kraepelin, C; Verde, PE; Wobrock, T; Zink, M, 2020)
"Olanzapine pamoate has a higher cost of treatment than the oral form and requires administration in a hospital setting (unlike other long-acting antipsychotics), and the cost-effectiveness of this treatment may be questioned. "( [Cost-effectiveness study of olanzapine pamoate: Mirror-image analysis after one year].
Burgot, G; Drapier, D; Langrée, B; Marie, N; Potaufeu, J, 2019)
"Olanzapine has a profile similar to that of clozapine and shares its seizure-inducing potential."( Olanzapine-induced clinical seizure: a case report.
Anjith, D; Behere, RV; Gangadhar, BN; Rao, NP; Venkatasubramanian, G, )
"Olanzapine has a high affinity for the 5HT(2A) receptor, which is up to 5 times greater than the dopamine receptor, resulting in less propensity to the development of extrapyramidal side effects."( Olanzapine: palliative medicine update.
Prommer, E, 2013)
"Olanzapine has a higher propensity to cause derangement of some parameters of lipid profile than risperidone. "( Comparison of fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile changes after treatment with atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone.
Bhutani, G; Gupta, R; Kaushal, J, 2012)
"Olanzapine has a beneficial effect on neurocognitive function in patients with a first episode of psychosis. "( Comparative effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs on neurocognition in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus low doses of haloperidol.
Christensen, BK; Gur, RC; Hamer, RM; Keefe, RS; Lewine, RR; Lieberman, JA; Sanger, TM; Seidman, LJ; Sharma, T; Sitskoorn, MM; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GD; Yurgelun-Todd, DA, 2004)
"Olanzapine has a U.S. "( Variables associated with high olanzapine dosing in a state hospital.
Botts, S; de Leon, J; Littrell, R, 2004)
"Olanzapine has a more benign adverse effect profile than typical antipsychotic agents and eliminates the need for electrocardiographic monitoring."( Successful treatment of delusions of parasitosis with olanzapine.
Badreshia, S; Mackley, CL; Meehan, WJ, 2006)
"Olanzapine has a receptor profile that is similar to that of clozapine: it is relatively nonselective at dopamine receptor subtypes and it shows selectivity for mesolimbic and mesocortical over striatal dopamine tracts (electrophysiology; Fos)."( In vitro and in vivo biochemistry of olanzapine: a novel, atypical antipsychotic drug.
Bymaster, FP; Calligaro, DO; DeLapp, NW; Moore, NA; Nelson, DL; Rasmussen, K; Wong, DT, 1997)
"Olanzapine has a favorable acute and tardive extrapyramidal symptom profile relative to haloperidol and caused substantially less elevation of serum prolactin."( Dosing the antipsychotic medication olanzapine.
Nemeroff, CB, 1997)
"Olanzapine has a receptor affinity profile similar to that of clozapine."( Olanzapine in the treatment of adolescent acute mania: a report of seven cases.
Foster, KD; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL; Sorter, MT; Soutullo, CA, 1999)
"Olanzapine has a multireceptorial binding profile including a greater affinity for serotonin 5-HT(2A) than for dopamine D(2) receptors."( Olanzapine: a review of its use in the treatment of bipolar I disorder.
Bhana, N; Perry, CM, 2001)
"Olanzapine has been reported to be an effective antiemetic in patients receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy. "( Effects of adding a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist to 5 mg olanzapine, a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone for preventing carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting: a propensity score-matched analysis.
Abe, M; Fujita, Y; Hayasaki, Y; Hirose, C; Iihara, H; Imai, H; Inui, N; Karayama, M; Kawazoe, H; Morishige, KI; Nakamura, K; Ohno, Y; Suda, T; Suzuki, A; Tanaka, K; Uozumi, R; Yamamoto, S, 2022)
"As olanzapine has shown poor bioavailability and permeability in the brain, the sustained release of olanzapine from the designed carriers could enhance pharmacokinetic effectiveness."( Sustained delivery of olanzapine from sunflower oil-based polyol-urethane nanoparticles synthesised through a cyclic carbonate ring-opening reaction.
Babanejad, N; Dorkoosh, F; Farhadian, A; Mozafari, M; Nabid, MR; Saeb, MR; Zarrintaj, P, 2019)
"Olanzapine has been used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental disorders. "( The dosage-dependent effects of cevimeline in preventing olanzapine-induced metabolic side-effects in female rats.
Deng, C; Lian, J, 2020)
"Olanzapine has been found to have antiemetic properties due to its ability to inhibit multiple serotonergic, dopaminergic, alpha-1 adrenergic and histamine receptors. "( Secondary and cumulative meta-analysis of olanzapine for antiemetic prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: do we still need to study its effectiveness?
Chiu, L; Chow, R; DeAngelis, C; Lock, M; Simone, CB, 2021)
"Olanzapine use has been reported during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but there are no controlled clinical trials assessing the safety of olanzapine exposure to infants and fetuses. "( Olanzapine in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a review of data from global safety surveillance.
Brunner, E; Dey, DK; Falk, DM; Jones, M; Shatapathy, CC, 2013)
"Olanzapine has been investigated as an alternative to antidepressants and a mood stabilizer for acute bipolar depression."( Efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy for treatment of bipolar I depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.
Du, H; Huang, DS; Liang, GM; Tong, JH; Wang, M; Zhu, G, 2014)
"Olanzapine has shown efficacy for CINV prophylaxis and the treatment of breakthrough CINV."( Reviewing current and emerging antiemetics for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prophylaxis.
Natale, JJ, 2015)
"Olanzapine has been reported to induce priapism in several adult cases with schizophrenia and/or mood disorders but very rarely reported in children."( Olanzapine-induced Priapism in a Child with Asperger's Syndrome.
Bozkurt, H; Şahin, S, 2017)
"Olanzapine treatment has been associated with clinically meaningful weight increases, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. "( Aripiprazole added to overweight and obese olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients.
Borba, CP; Boxill, R; Cather, C; Copeland, PM; Evins, AE; Fan, X; Freudenreich, O; Goff, DC; Henderson, DC; Sharma, B, 2009)
"Olanzapine has been recently tried to relieve anxiety and hyperactivity in adolescents with eating disorders (EDs). "( No unexpected adverse events and biochemical side effects of olanzapine as adjunct treatment in adolescent girls with eating disorders.
Rosling, A; Swenne, I, 2011)
"Olanzapine has been demonstrated to have opioid-sparing properties."( Olanzapine: palliative medicine update.
Prommer, E, 2013)
"Olanzapine has been shown to be a safe and effective agent for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). "( The use of olanzapine versus metoclopramide for the treatment of breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Gray, SE; Nagy, CK; Navari, RM, 2013)
"Olanzapine and clozapine have been associated with the greatest weight gain of the newer antipsychotics."( Clinical issues associated with maintenance treatment of patients with schizophrenia.
Guthrie, SK, 2002)
"Olanzapine has been shown to be better tolerated in comparison with conventional antipsychotics in a large unselected sample of acutely psychotic schizophrenic in-patients. "( Safety of olanzapine versus conventional antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with acute schizophrenia. A naturalistic study.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M; Sacristán, JA, 2003)
"Olanzapine, which has been used anecdotally for chronic nausea in advanced cancer patients, might be a useful treatment for the prevention of delayed emesis in chemotherapy patients."( A retrospective chart review of the use of olanzapine for the prevention of delayed emesis in cancer patients.
Beaver, M; Brown, J; Comparet, J; Dickerson, P; Gray, D; Kirsh, KL; Passik, SD; Theobald, DE; Trowbridge, R, 2003)
"Olanzapine has been found to be effective and tolerable, also under naturalistic acute treatment conditions."( Objective and subjective efficacy as well as tolerability of olanzapine in the acute treatment of 120 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Holzbach, R; Krausz, M; Lambert, M; Moritz, S; Naber, D; Postel, N, 2003)
"Olanzapine has been considered to be similar to clozapine, but olanzapine intoxication appeared to have a relatively benign clinical course as compared with clozapine intoxication."( [Intoxications with atypical antipsychotic drugs--data of the Acute Intoxication Unit in Wrocław].
Antończyk, A; Kochman, K; Magdalan, J; Porebska, B; Przewłocki, M; Wasyko-Smolarek, M, 2004)
"Olanzapine has been proven effective in some chronic pain conditions."( Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a case series with olanzapine.
Calandre, EP; Dominguez, I; García-Leiva, JM; Hidalgo, J; Rico-Villademoros, F, 2005)
"Olanzapine has been hypothesized to have superior efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "( Olanzapine treatment of residual positive and negative symptoms.
Ball, MP; Buchanan, RW; Carpenter, WT; Gold, JM; Kirkpatrick, B; McMahon, RP; Weiner, E, 2005)
"Olanzapine has been successfully used in the treatment of delirium."( Can olanzapine cause delirium in the elderly?
Lim, CJ; Tampi, RR; Trevino, C, 2006)
"Olanzapine therapy has been associated with such adverse effects as sedation, hyperlipidemia, weight gain, and insulin resistance, all of which were infrequent in our patients."( Successful treatment of delusions of parasitosis with olanzapine.
Badreshia, S; Mackley, CL; Meehan, WJ, 2006)
"Olanzapine, however, has been increasingly used in higher doses as clinicians attempt to find a more tolerable therapy for those refractory to conventional agents."( Plasma concentrations of high-dose olanzapine in a double-blind crossover study.
Conley, RR; Kelly, DL; Richardson, CM; Yu, Y, 2006)
"Olanzapine has been shown to cause or have a contributory role in the development of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. "( Olanzapine-induced hyperglycemic ketoacidosis and corresponding acetone concentrations post-mortem: a forensic interpretation.
House, CJ, 2007)
"Olanzapine has been one of the first atypical antipsychotics available for intramuscular administration."( [New formulations of olanzapine in the treatment of acute agitation].
Bartkó, G, 2006)
"Olanzapine has been reported as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis."( Fatal hyponatremia and other metabolic disturbances associated with psychotropic drug polypharmacy.
Alfirevic, Z; Degoricija, V; Vucicevic, Z; Vukicevic-Badouin, D, 2007)
"Olanzapine has been used for over a decade for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. "( Abuse of olanzapine by substance abusers.
Reeves, RR, 2007)
"Olanzapine has been reported as less likely to cause EPS and may improve some negative signs."( The relationship between negative symptoms of schizophrenia and extrapyramidal side effects with haloperidol and olanzapine.
Allan, ER; Alpert, M; Connolly, B; Crichton, J; Sison, CE, 1998)
"Olanzapine has been associated with slight increases in hepatic transaminases."( Olanzapine: a serotonin-dopamine-receptor antagonist for antipsychotic therapy.
Bever, KA; Perry, PJ, 1998)
"Olanzapine has been associated with insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes mellitus. "( Olanzapine-associated severe hyperglycemia, ketonuria, and acidosis: case report and review of literature.
Doraiswamy, PM; McLendon, BM; Seaburg, HL, 2001)
"Olanzapine has been shown to be superior to placebo for the treatment of mania. "( The impact of response to previous mood stabilizer therapy on response to olanzapine versus placebo for acute mania.
Baker, RW; Goldberg, JF; Milton, DR; Schuh, LM; Stauffer, VL; Tohen, M, 2002)
"Olanzapine has been shown to be very effective in these situations and its use is suggested as first-choice therapy."( Ecstasy-induced psychotic disorder: six-month follow-up study.
Calle, R; Gutiérrez-Fraile, M; Iraurgi, I; Jiménez-Lerma, JM; Landabaso, MA; Sanz, J, 2002)

Actions

Olanzapine can lower seizure threshold and induce epileptiform discharges. Olanzapine caused an increase in average meal size accompanied by reduced meal frequency, without clearly affecting food preference.

ExcerptReference
"An olanzapine-induced increase was observed in plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with schizophrenia (all P < 0.05)."( Effects of olanzapine treatment on lipid profiles in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dai, W; Ding, C; Huang, X; Li, R; Su, X; Xiao, J; Xing, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhu, W, 2020)
"Olanzapine caused an 80% increase of slow wave sleep whereas clozapine caused a 6% decrease."( Olanzapine and clozapine differently affect sleep in patients with schizophrenia: results from a double-blind, polysomnographic study and review of the literature.
Dalal, M; Dittmann, RW; Himmerich, H; Hinze-Selch, D; Kluge, M; Kraus, T; Pollmächer, T; Rummel-Kluge, C; Schacht, A; Schuld, A; Wehmeier, PM, 2014)
"Olanzapine can lower seizure threshold and induce epileptiform discharges."( Olanzapine-induced clinical seizure: a case report.
Anjith, D; Behere, RV; Gangadhar, BN; Rao, NP; Venkatasubramanian, G, )
"Olanzapine caused an increase in average meal size accompanied by reduced meal frequency, without clearly affecting food preference."( Olanzapine affects locomotor activity and meal size in male rats.
Adan, RA; Evers, SS; la Fleur, SE; Luijendijk, MC; van der Zwaal, EM, 2010)
"Olanzapine produced more increase in glucose than amisulpride, aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone; no difference was found with clozapine."( Head-to-head comparisons of metabolic side effects of second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Davis, JM; Hunger, H; Kissling, W; Komossa, K; Leucht, S; Lobos, CA; Rummel-Kluge, C; Schmid, F; Schwarz, S, 2010)
"Olanzapine can cause NMS, mainly in susceptible or predisposed patients."( Olanzapine-associated neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Christodoulou, NG; Havaki-Kontaxaki, BJ; Kontaxakis, VP; Paplos, KG, 2002)
"Olanzapine caused an increase in apoptosis at the same c"( Predicting drug-induced agranulocytosis: characterizing neutrophil-generated metabolites of a model compound, DMP 406, and assessing the relevance of an in vitro apoptosis assay for identifying drugs that may cause agranulocytosis.
Iverson, S; Uetrecht, JP; Zahid, N, 2002)
"Olanzapine did cause more weight gain than its comparators but current data are not statistically significant (3-12 months, n=535, WMD 2.2kg CI -0.6-5)."( Olanzapine for schizophrenia.
Dardennes, RM; Duggan, L; El-Dosoky, A; Fenton, M; Indran, S, 2003)
"Olanzapine had a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms and better subjective acceptance of medication."( Safety, effectiveness, and quality of life of olanzapine in first-episode schizophrenia: a naturalistic study.
Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gómez, JC; Montes, JM, 2003)
"Olanzapine did not increase progesterone or corticosterone levels."( Effects of olanzapine infusions to the ventral tegmental area on lordosis and midbrain 3alpha,5alpha-THP concentrations in rats.
Frye, C; Seliga, A, 2003)
"Olanzapine can cause considerable rapid weight gain.This review highlights the need for large, independent, well designed, conducted and reported pragmatic randomised studies."( Risperidone versus olanzapine for schizophrenia.
Hosalli, P; Jayaram, MB, 2005)
"The olanzapine-induced increase in Stat3 activity could underlie the increase in RGS7 protein expression in vivo as previously demonstrated in cultured cells."( Chronic olanzapine activates the Stat3 signal transduction pathway and alters expression of components of the 5-HT2A receptor signaling system in rat frontal cortex.
Battaglia, G; D'Souza, DN; Damjanoska, KJ; Garcia, F; Muma, NA; Singh, RK; Van de Kar, LD; Vercillo, MS; Zemaitaitis, B; Zhang, Y, 2007)
"Olanzapine has lower alpha(1)-adrenergic and dopaminergic blockade properties, thus changing risperidone to olanzapine may be an alternative modality in risperidone-induced enuresis when antipsychotic treatment is crucial."( Risperidone-induced enuresis in two children with autistic disorder.
Hergüner, S; Mukaddes, NM, 2007)
"Olanzapine had lower affinity for alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and relatively low affinity for 5HT1 subtypes, GABAA, beta-adrenergic receptors, and benzodiazepine binding sites."( Radioreceptor binding profile of the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine.
Bymaster, FP; Calligaro, DO; Falcone, JF; Marsh, RD; Moore, NA; Seeman, P; Tye, NC; Wong, DT, 1996)
"Olanzapine does not inhibit CYP isozymes."( Olanzapine. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile.
Beasley, CM; Bergstrom, RF; Callaghan, JT; Ptak, LR, 1999)
"Olanzapine was tried because it has caused weight gain in other patient groups."( Case reports of olanzapine treatment of anorexia nervosa.
Gray, N; Kaye, WH; La Via, MC, 2000)
"Olanzapine did cause more weight gain than its comparators but current data are not statistically significant (3-12 months, n=535, WMD 2.2kg CI -0.6-5)."( Olanzapine for schizophrenia.
Dardennes, RM; Duggan, L; El-Dosoky, A; Fenton, M; Indran, S, 2000)
"Olanzapine induced a lower striatal D2 occupancy than haloperidol."( Double-blind olanzapine vs. haloperidol D2 dopamine receptor blockade in schizophrenic patients: a baseline-endpoint.
Bernardo, M; Catafau, AM; Font, M; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, F; Lomeña, F; López-Carrero, C; Parellada, E; Pavía, J; Salamero, M, 2001)

Treatment

Olanzapine treatment has been associated with clinically meaningful weight increases, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Olanzapine-treated adolescents were likely to experience greater increases in bodyweight, sedation, blood lipids, serum prolactin and liver t.

ExcerptReference
"In olanzapine-treated mice, the expression of Hmgcs2, a negative regulator of apoptosis, was significantly down-regulated in the dorsal raphe nucleus, where the expressions of Pla2g4e, Slc6a4 and Gnai1 involved in serotonergic synapse were significantly upregulated."( [Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the dorsal raphe nucleus of rats after continuous treatment with olanzapine].
Huang, P; Li, H; Liu, Q; Tang, Y; Wang, Y; Zhu, J, 2022)
"Olanzapine is the treatment most frequently prescribed and studied with 7 randomized double-blind controlled trials."( Efficacy and tolerance of second-generation antipsychotics in anorexia nervosa: A systematic scoping review.
Blanchet, C; Carretier, E; Guessoum, SB; Ludot, M; Moro, MR; Thorey, S, 2023)
"Olanzapine treatment caused a mild 26% increase in LPO levels, but the effect was non-significant."( Increased levels of lipid and protein oxidation in rat prefrontal cortex after treatment by lithium, valproic acid, and olanzapine.
Arslan, MA; Bilgici, B; Gümrükçüoğlu, Tİ; Karaustaoğlu, A; Tunçel, ÖK, 2023)
"Olanzapine treatment showed better continuation rates at 26 and 52 after hospital discharge than aripiprazole, whereas maintenance with the two antipsychotics did not differ significantly at 104 weeks, due reduced tolerability of long-term olanzapine treatment."( Comparison between olanzapine and aripiprazole treatment for 104 weeks after hospital discharge in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in a real-world setting.
Harada, T; Hosokawa, T; Kishi, Y; Miyaji, C; Nomura, A; Okahisa, Y; Sakamoto, S; Takaki, M; Takao, S; Takeda, T; Washida, K; Yada, Y; Yamada, N; Yoshimura, Y, 2023)
"Olanzapine treatment also led to a significant increase in mu opioid receptor availability in the arcuate nucleus, which contains both satiety and hunger controlling neurons."( Changes in hypothalamic mu-opioid receptor expression following acute olanzapine treatment in female rats: Implications for feeding behavior.
Krogsbaek, M; Landau, AM; Larsen, NY; Nyengaard, JR; Sanchez, C, 2023)
"olanzapine. Patients treated with olanzapine had higher IRI, FBG, and FINS levels than did patients treated with aripiprazole, ziprasidone, or risperidone, with significant differences (aripiprazole vs."( Insulin resistance induced by olanzapine and other second-generation antipsychotics in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a comparative review and meta-analysis.
Deng, Y; Lei, J; Li, W; Wu, S; Yu, L, 2019)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with the highest change in weight, with higher doses resulting in more weight gain."( Effects of long-term antipsychotics treatment on body weight: A population-based cohort study.
Bazo-Alvarez, JC; Carpenter, JR; Hayes, JF; Morris, TP; Petersen, I, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with the highest increase in weight. "( Effects of long-term antipsychotics treatment on body weight: A population-based cohort study.
Bazo-Alvarez, JC; Carpenter, JR; Hayes, JF; Morris, TP; Petersen, I, 2020)
"Olanzapine-treated rats had decreased medial entorhinal cortical thickness compared to vehicle-treated rats."( Decreased medial entorhinal cortical thickness in olanzapine exposed female rats is not ameliorated by exercise.
Barr, AM; Beasley, CL; Boyda, HN; Hercher, C; Honer, WG; Ker, AH; Lang, DJ; Procyshyn, RM; Woodward, ML, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatment significantly increased the feed intake, weight gain, adiposity index, while reduced body temperature and locomotor activity which were reversed by berberine treatment."( Berberine attenuated olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations in mice: Targeting transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and 3 channels.
Bansal, Y; Bishnoi, M; Kondepudi, KK; Kuhad, A; Medhi, B; Singh, DP; Singh, R; Sodhi, RK, 2020)
"Olanzapine-treated rats demonstrated significantly elevated body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency, total white fat mass, liver mass, and plasma triglyceride levels, which could be partly reversed by the co-treatment with cevimeline in a dosage-dependent manner."( The dosage-dependent effects of cevimeline in preventing olanzapine-induced metabolic side-effects in female rats.
Deng, C; Lian, J, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatment resulted in similar improvements (PANSS and CGI-S LS mean ± SE of -5.3 ± 1.84 [P = .004] and -0.44 ± 0.12 [P < .001], respectively)."( Efficacy and Safety of a Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan in Adult Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia: Outcomes From the Randomized, Phase 3 ENLIGHTEN-1 Study.
DiPetrillo, L; Jiang, Y; Kunovac, J; McDonnell, D; Potkin, SG; Silverman, BL; Simmons, A, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O + S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but without significant effects on food intake. "( Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin.
Deng, C; Feng, X; Hu, CH; Liu, L; Liu, X; Zeng, Y, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatment also altered the mRNA expression of hypothalamic appetite-regulating and nutrient-sensing factors, inflammatory genes and TRPV1/TRPV3, which were reversed with ruthenium red and capsazepine treatment."( Role of TRPV1/TRPV3 channels in olanzapine-induced metabolic alteration: Possible involvement in hypothalamic energy-sensing, appetite regulation, inflammation and mesolimbic pathway.
Bansal, Y; Bishnoi, M; Khare, P; Kondepudi, KK; Kuhad, A; Medhi, B; Singh, R; Sodhi, RK, 2020)
"The olanzapine alone-treated group had the highest bile acid level, followed by the olanzapine with Tat-3L4F (1 μmol kg-1) group, olanzapine with Tat-3L4F (10 μmol kg-1) group, and vehicle group."( A Novel Synthetic Interfering Peptide Tat-3L4F Attenuates Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain Through Disrupting Crosstalk Between Serotonin Receptor 2C and Protein Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Rats.
Chen, Y; Fang, X; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Yu, L; Zhang, C, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatment increased the body weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels, and the number of adipocytes in the liver. "( Coadministration of metformin prevents olanzapine-induced metabolic dysfunction and regulates the gut-liver axis in rats.
Huang, HX; Liu, ZQ; Luo, C; Mao, XY; Wang, X; Zhou, HH, 2021)
"Olanzapine treated mHypoA-59 cells were then assessed for mitophagy markers and oxidative stress; including quantification of lysosomes, autophagosomes, LC3B-II, p62, superoxide anion (O"( N-acetylcysteine prevents olanzapine-induced oxidative stress in mHypoA-59 hypothalamic neurons.
Boz, Z; Hu, M; Huang, XF; Yu, Y, 2020)
"Olanzapine treatments for 1, 8 and 36 days significantly activated the inflammatory IKKβ/NFκB signaling, and increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and immune-related proteins such as iNOS, TLR4 and CD14. "( Olanzapine Induces Inflammation and Immune Response via Activating ER Stress in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex.
Deng, C; He, M; Huang, XF; Li, WT; Qian, K; Sun, TL; Zhang, BH, 2021)
"Olanzapine treatment caused a preferential shift toward carbohydrate oxidation (or reduced fat oxidation), elevated blood triglycerides and a reduction in locomotor activity."( Prevention of the adverse effects of olanzapine on lipid metabolism with the antiepileptic zonisamide.
Cowley, MA; Oldfield, BJ; Stefanidis, A; Watt, MJ, 2017)
"62 olanzapine- or clozapine-treated patients with illness duration of at least four years were selected from an international multicenter study on the characterization of negative symptoms. "( Inverse association between negative symptoms and body mass index in chronic schizophrenia.
Bernardo, M; Bobes, J; Fernandez-Egea, E; Garcia-Alvarez, L; Garcia-Portilla, MP; Garcia-Rizo, C; Mané, A; Mezquida, G; Savulich, G; Toll, A, 2018)
"Olanzapine treatment increased serum glucagon and lead to rapid increases in blood glucose concentrations in WT mice. "( Glucagon receptor knockout mice are protected against acute olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia.
Castellani, LN; Charron, MJ; Peppler, WT; Sutton, CD; Whitfield, J; Wright, DC, 2017)
"Olanzapine treatment reduced RER in the dark and light phases (most consistently in the 4-hours post-treatment), while ICV insulin reduced average RER predominantly in the dark phase, but also at the end of the light cycle."( Effects of acute olanzapine exposure on central insulin-mediated regulation of whole body fuel selection and feeding.
Abela, AR; Ahasan, Z; Benarroch, L; Castellani, LN; Giacca, A; Hahn, MK; Kowalchuk, C; Remington, GJ; Teo, C; Wilkin, J; Wilson, V, 2018)
"Olanzapine treatment (mean [standard deviation] duration = 12.3 [7.6] weeks) was associated with a significant decrease in blood ghrelin levels with a medium effect size (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.08, p = 0.018)."( Meta-analysis of ghrelin alterations in schizophrenia: Effects of olanzapine.
Goetz, RL; Miller, BJ, 2019)
"Olanzapine treatment significantly increased fasting plasma insulin concentration, the index of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hepatic triglyceride and fatty droplet accumulation in rats. "( The IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates olanzapine-induced hepatic insulin resistance in male rats.
Huang, X; Li, Y; Ren, L; Wang, C; Zhou, X, 2019)
"Olanzapine (100 uM) treatment caused a significant increase in IL-6 while aripiprazole (20 uM) significantly decreased IL-10."( Antipsychotics differentially regulate insulin, energy sensing, and inflammation pathways in hypothalamic rat neurons.
Belsham, DD; Hahn, MK; Kanagasundaram, P; Kowalchuk, C, 2019)
"Olanzapine treatment for 8 days in rats was associated with activated PERK-eIF2α signaling and IKKβ-NFκB signaling in the hypothalamus, accompanied by increased food intake and weight gain."( Olanzapine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus were inhibited by an ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate.
Chen, J; Gao, G; He, M; Hu, J; Huang, XF; Li, J; Li, W; Sun, T; Zhou, T, 2019)
"Olanzapine (6 mg/kg) treatment significantly altered glucose and lipid homeostasis which was further accompanied by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, ghrelin and leptin."( Modeling of antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations in mice: An experimental approach precluding psychosis as a predisposing factor.
Bansal, Y; Kuhad, A; Medhi, B; Saroj, P; Singh, R; Sodhi, RK, 2019)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with significant weight gain."( Combination use of atomoxetine hydrochloride and olanzapine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid disruptive behavior disorder in children and adolescents 10-18 years of age.
Holzer, B; Lehman, R; Lopes, V, 2013)
"Olanzapine-treated rats showed greater central adiposity."( Routine exercise ameliorates the metabolic side-effects of treatment with the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine in rats.
Barr, AM; Boyda, HN; Choy, HH; Honer, WG; Lant, N; Li, L; Pang, CC; Procyshyn, RM; Ramos-Miguel, A; Töpfer, E; Wong, R, 2014)
"Olanzapine treatment significantly decreased glucose effectiveness (P = 0.041) and raised fasting glucose over 4.25 hours (P = 0.03) as compared to placebo."( Acute effects of single-dose olanzapine on metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory markers in healthy controls.
Arenovich, T; Chintoh, A; Clarke, L; Cohn, T; Fletcher, P; Giacca, A; Gomes, S; Hahn, MK; McIntyre, RS; Powell, V; Remington, GJ; Teo, C; Wolever, TM, 2013)
"Olanzapine treatment for six weeks effectively decreased the breakdown of myelin and oligodendrocytes loss of cuprizone-fed mice."( Olanzapine ameliorates neuropathological changes and increases IGF-1 expression in frontal cortex of C57BL/6 mice exposed to cuprizone.
Adilijiang, A; Hartle, K; Huang, Q; Kong, J; Li, XM; Tan, Q; Wang, J; Wang, L; Xu, H; Zhang, D; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2014)
"Olanzapine-treated rats had higher body weight (227.4 ± 8.9 vs. "( Subchronic olanzapine treatment decreases the expression of pancreatic glucose transporter 2 in rat pancreatic β cells.
Liu, H; Shu, S; Su, D; Wang, G; Wang, M; Yao, L, 2014)
"Olanzapine augmentation treatment generally did not improve SWS but did improve sleep continuity and depression. "( Sleep architecture and cognitive changes in olanzapine-treated patients with depression: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial.
du Toit, R; Hawken, ER; Jokic, R; Lazowski, LK; Milev, R; Townsend, B, 2014)
"The olanzapine-only treatment significantly increased the D₂R binding in the Cg, NAc, and CPu, while the betahistine-only treatment reduced D₂R binding."( Chronic betahistine co-treatment reverses olanzapine's effects on dopamine D₂ but not 5-HT2A/2C bindings in rat brains.
Deng, C; Huang, XF; Lian, J; Pai, N, 2015)
"Olanzapine treatment also enhanced activation of autophagy with increased expression of LC3-II, expression of protein p62, a substrate of autophagy, being decreased."( Autophagy involvement in olanzapine-mediated cytotoxic effects in human glioma cells.
Chen, XH; Liang, ZQ; Liu, RS; Wang, YX; Xu, SQ, 2014)
"Olanzapine is used for treatment of psychiatric conditions but causes substantial weight gain. "( Olanzapine for cachexia in patients with advanced cancer: an exploratory study of effects on weight and metabolic cytokines.
Abdelrahim, M; Dalal, S; Falchook, GS; Fu, S; Hess, K; Hong, DS; Ilustre, A; Janku, F; Kurzrock, R; Naing, A; Ouyang, F; Wheler, J, 2015)
"Olanzapine treatment suppressed NF-κB activation and iNOS expression and caused modulation of GSH-dependent defense systems but failed to reverse CSIS-induced increase in hepatic proinflammatory cytokines."( Olanzapine modulation of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in socially isolated rats.
Filipović, D; Gass, P; Todorović, N; Tomanović, N, 2016)
"Olanzapine co-treatment prevented these PCP-induced effects in normal neurons but not in neurons from NRG1-knockout mice."( Olanzapine Prevents the PCP-induced Reduction in the Neurite Outgrowth of Prefrontal Cortical Neurons via NRG1.
Huang, XF; Yu, Y; Zhang, Q, 2016)
"Olanzapine treatment and antipsychotic exposure time were the main modifiable risk factors for T2DM development in antipsychotic-exposed youth."( Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth Exposed to Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Arango, C; Carbon, M; Correll, CU; De Hert, M; Galling, B; Gerhard, T; Guo, JJ; Kahl, KG; Lane, HY; Liao, CH; Martin, A; Nielsen, J; Nielsen, RE; Olfson, M; Roldán, A; Stubbs, B; Sung, FC; Vancampfort, D, 2016)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) treatment is associated with a high risk of weight gain, and may cause abnormalities in glycolipid metabolism. "( Effect of Serum Leptin on Weight Gain Induced by Olanzapine in Female Patients with Schizophrenia.
Fukui, N; Ono, S; Saito, M; Sawamura, K; Someya, T; Sugai, T; Suzuki, Y; Tsuneyama, N; Watanabe, J, 2016)
"Olanzapine treatment did not lead to changes in serum levels of ghrelin, FGF-21 and pro-inflammatory markers IL-1a, IL-6 and TNF-α at any time-point of the study."( Olanzapine-depot administration induces time-dependent changes in adipose tissue endocrine function in rats.
Babinska, Z; Demlova, R; Horska, K; Karpisek, M; Kotolova, H; Opatrilova, R; Ruda-Kucerova, J; Suchy, P, 2016)
"Olanzapine-treated patients were also most likely to achieve response of negative symptoms and improvement in social functioning, and to stay on the initial medication longer."( Real-world Effectiveness of Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia with Predominantly Negative Symptoms.
Haro, JM; Moneta, MV; Montgomery, W; Novick, D; Treuer, T, 2017)
"Olanzapine treatment was started with a daily dosage of 15 mg."( Olanzapine treatment during breast feeding: a case report.
Bartels, M; Gaertner, HJ; Lutz, UC; Orlikowsky, T; Wiatr, G, 2008)
"Olanzapine pretreatment induced hyperglycemia and markedly decreased plasma insulin and C-peptide in response to the glucose challenge."( Insulin resistance and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after acute olanzapine administration.
Chintoh, AF; Cohn, TA; Fletcher, PJ; Giacca, A; Lam, C; Lam, L; Mann, SW; Nobrega, JN; Remington, G, 2008)
"Olanzapine treatment seems to have very little additional impact in regard to the QT variability."( Influence of olanzapine on QT variability and complexity measures of heart rate in patients with schizophrenia.
Bär, KJ; Berger, S; Koschke, M; Schulz, S; Tancer, M; Voss, A; Yeragani, VK, 2008)
"Olanzapine-treated patients were also more likely to respond, and did so more rapidly than patients on other monotherapies (p < .001)."( Long-term antipsychotic monotherapy for schizophrenia: disease burden and comparative outcomes for patients treated with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol monotherapy in a pan-continental observational study.
Anders, M; Dossenbach, M; Irimia, V; Kotler, M; Logozar-Perkovic, D; Lowry, AJ; Pecenak, J; Peciukaitiene, D; Smulevich, AB; Szulc, A; Treuer, T; West, TM, 2008)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly greater increases in weight and in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, and prolactin levels than divalproex-treated patients."( Olanzapine versus divalproex versus placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate mania: a randomized, 12-week, double-blind study.
Aaronson, ST; Amsterdam, JD; Banov, M; Bardenstein, L; Bowden, C; Goodwin, GM; Grecu-Gabos, I; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Oliff, HS; Prelipceanu, D; Shekhar, A; Sun, B; Tochilov, V; Tohen, M; Vieta, E, 2008)
"Olanzapine-treated patients also experienced longer time to depressive symptomatic relapse (85 versus 22 days, p=0.001) and manic symptomatic relapse (too few relapses to calculate versus 42 days, p<0.001) than did placebo-treated patients."( Maintenance of response following stabilization of mixed index episodes with olanzapine monotherapy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of bipolar 1 disorder.
Bowden, CL; Calabrese, JR; Sachs, GS; Sutton, VK; Tohen, M, 2009)
"More olanzapine-treated versus placebo-treated patients completed the trial (68.1% versus 42.9%, p =.020). "( Olanzapine versus placebo in adolescents with schizophrenia: a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Bauer, T; Carlson, J; Dittmann, R; Frazier, J; Kryzhanovskaya, L; McDougle, C; Robertson-Plouch, C; Schulz, SC; Tohen, M; Wang, W; Xu, W, 2009)
"Olanzapine-treated adolescents with schizophrenia experienced significant symptom improvement. "( Olanzapine versus placebo in adolescents with schizophrenia: a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Bauer, T; Carlson, J; Dittmann, R; Frazier, J; Kryzhanovskaya, L; McDougle, C; Robertson-Plouch, C; Schulz, SC; Tohen, M; Wang, W; Xu, W, 2009)
"Olanzapine-treated patients with HTR2C haplotype C (-759C, -697C, and 23Ser) had higher BMI (P = 0.029) and C peptide levels (P = 0.029) compared with patients with haplotype B (-759T, -697C, and 23Cys)."( Association between HTR2C and HTR2A polymorphisms and metabolic abnormalities in patients treated with olanzapine or clozapine.
Dahl, ML; Gunes, A; Melkersson, KI; Scordo, MG, 2009)
"Olanzapine treatment is associated with greater effects on adiposity and lipids than aripiprazole in both white and black/Hispanic subjects, suggesting that antipsychotic choice and intensive monitoring are important in minimizing metabolic risk, especially in nonwhite patients."( The moderating impact of ethnicity on metabolic outcomes during treatment with olanzapine and aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia.
Baker, RA; Kim, E; Meyer, JM; Rosenblatt, LC; Whitehead, R, 2009)
"Olanzapine treatment for 2 months significantly increased serum TAS levels (37.8%) and reduced serum MDA levels (22.2%) in comparison to respective pretreatment values."( Potential effect of olanzapine on total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients.
Ahmed, FA; Al-Chalabi, BM; Thanoon, IA, 2009)
"Ten olanzapine-treated subjects and 11 clozapine-treated subjects were enrolled in the study. "( Ziprasidone as an adjuvant for clozapine- or olanzapine-associated medical morbidity in chronic schizophrenia.
Borba, CP; Boxill, R; Cather, C; Copeland, PM; Evins, AE; Fan, X; Forstbauer, SI; Freudenreich, O; Goff, DC; Henderson, DC; Miley, K; Sharma, B, 2009)
"Olanzapine treatment for 7 days significantly increased the levels of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS7) protein, RGS7 mRNA levels, and activation of JAK2 in rat frontal cortex."( Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by olanzapine is necessary for desensitization of serotonin2A receptor-stimulated phospholipase C signaling in rat frontal cortex but not serotonin2A receptor-stimulated hormone release.
Battaglia, G; Carrasco, GA; Garcia, F; Jia, C; Muma, NA; Singh, RK, 2010)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly longer time to efficacy-related discontinuation (p < .001) and a significantly lower efficacy-related discontinuation rate (olanzapine, 8.9% vs."( A 28-week, randomized, double-blind study of olanzapine versus aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Breier, A; Kane, JM; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Osuntokun, O; Stauffer, VL; Watson, SB; Xu, W, 2009)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly greater improvement in symptom efficacy at 28 weeks as well as significantly greater mean increases in weight and glucose and significantly greater worsening on lipids parameters."( A 28-week, randomized, double-blind study of olanzapine versus aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Breier, A; Kane, JM; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Osuntokun, O; Stauffer, VL; Watson, SB; Xu, W, 2009)
"Olanzapine treatment resulted in a consistent and statistically significant advantage in maintenance of response compared to treatment with risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasidone; but not compared to treatment with aripiprazole."( Maintenance of response with atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: a post-hoc analysis of 5 double-blind, randomized clinical trials.
Ascher-Svanum, H; Ball, T; Conley, R; Liu, L; Stauffer, V, 2009)
"Olanzapine-treated subjects had the highest insulin concentrations and the lowest SHBG, adiponectin, and cortisol concentrations."( Hormonal markers of metabolic dysregulation in patients with severe mental disorders after olanzapine treatment under real-life conditions.
Andreassen, OA; Birkeland, KI; Birkenaes, AB; Friis, S; Opjordsmoen, S, 2009)
"Olanzapine treatment has been associated with clinically meaningful weight increases, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. "( Aripiprazole added to overweight and obese olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients.
Borba, CP; Boxill, R; Cather, C; Copeland, PM; Evins, AE; Fan, X; Freudenreich, O; Goff, DC; Henderson, DC; Sharma, B, 2009)
"On olanzapine treatment, adjusted mean prolactin levels at the 3rd and 6th months of treatment were significantly higher than at the 1st month; at the 12th month it was lower than at the 1st month, but the difference was not significant."( Short- and long-term effects on prolactin of risperidone and olanzapine treatments in children and adolescents.
D'Arrigo, C; de Leon, J; Diaz, FJ; Gagliano, A; Germanò, E; Migliardi, G; Siracusano, R; Spina, E, 2009)
"Olanzapine-treated patients showed a significantly greater increase than risperidone-treated patients in a fasting measure of insulin resistance (P = .041), and olanzapine patients showed greater decreases in insulin sensitivity during OGTT (P = .023) compared to risperidone-treated patients."( Effects of olanzapine and risperidone on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in chronic schizophrenic patients with long-term antipsychotic treatment: a randomized 5-month study.
Cornwell, J; Davis, JM; Hu, Q; Kelly, E; Khan, A; Lindenmayer, JP; Smith, RC; Vaidhyanathaswamy, S; Viviano, TF, 2009)
"Olanzapine treatment suppressed body weight gain and decreased food intake in WT mice, but also reduced fat body mass and locomotor activity, whereas D2R(-/-) mice did not show these changes."( Effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs on body weight and food intake in dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice.
Baik, JH; Choi, SY; Noh, JS; Yoon, S, 2010)
"Olanzapine-treated adolescents were likely to experience greater increases in bodyweight, sedation, blood lipids, serum prolactin and liver transaminase levels than olanzapine-treated adults."( Olanzapine: in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.
McCormack, PL, 2010)
"Olanzapine-treated patients gained significantly more baseline-to-endpoint weight versus risperidone- (3.3 kg [N = 713; median exposure [ME, days] = 68] versus 1.8 kg [N = 697; ME = 65], p < 0.001), ziprasidone-(2.8 kg [N = 463; ME = 168] versus -1.3 kg [N = 443; ME = 89], p < 0.001), and aripiprazole-treated patients (3.7 kg [N = 273; ME = 104] versus 0.5 kg [N = 275; ME = 187], p < 0.001)."( Metabolic parameters in patients treated with olanzapine or other atypical antipsychotics.
Acharya, N; Carlson, JL; Corya, SA; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Millen, B; Osuntokun, O; Robertson-Plouch, C; Xu, WI, 2011)
"Olanzapine treatment (10-100 microM) increased basal BDNF gene promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner and increased protein levels at high dose, and inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), H-89 (10 microM), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), wortmannin (0.01 microM), PKC (protein kinase C), GF109203 (10 microM), calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), and KN-93 (20 microM) partially attenuated the stimulatory effect of olanzapine on BDNF promoter activity. "( Effects of olanzapine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene promoter activity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Cho, HY; Kim, YH; Lee, JG; Park, SW; Seo, MK, 2010)
"Olanzapine-treated patients should receive regular weight monitoring."( Weight changes over time in adults treated with the oral or depot formulations of olanzapine: a pooled analysis of 86 clinical trials.
Beasley, CM; Campbell, GM; Millen, BA, 2011)
"Olanzapine treatment did not result in an alteration of 24h food intake, but diurnal patterns of feeding behavior and body temperature were dramatically changed."( Olanzapine causes hypothermia, inactivity, a deranged feeding pattern and weight gain in female Wistar rats.
Calcagnoli, F; Evers, SS; Scheurink, AJ; van Dijk, G, 2010)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with statistically significantly greater total utility scores relative to aripiprazole (0.78 vs. "( Cost-effectiveness of olanzapine vs. aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Ascher-Svanum, H; Faries, DE; Kane, JM; Osuntokun, OO; Peng, X; Stauffer, VL; Stensland, MD, 2011)
"Olanzapine-treated patients showed significantly greater improvements than all other groups at week 24 on all 5 PANSS factors (P = .028 for negative; P < .001 for all others) and on 3 QLS items."( Factors associated with adherence to treatment with olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia.
Feldman, PD; Liu-Seifert, H; Osuntokun, OO, 2012)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced significantly greater improvements in these specific symptoms than patients treated with the other atypical antipsychotics examined."( Factors associated with adherence to treatment with olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia.
Feldman, PD; Liu-Seifert, H; Osuntokun, OO, 2012)
"Olanzapine treated rats fed a chow diet grew more slowly than vehicle controls but olanzapine treated animals fed a high fat/sugar diet grew faster than control animals on the same diet."( Olanzapine effects on body composition, food preference, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the rat.
Shepherd, PR; Smith, GC; Vickers, MH, 2011)
"Olanzapine treatment decreased the ratio index in the NOR test, whereas sertindole and clozapine had no effect in naive mice."( Effects of olanzapine, sertindole and clozapine on MK-801 induced visual memory deficits in mice.
Akar, FY; Celikyurt, IK; Erden, F; Mutlu, O; Tanyeri, P; Ulak, G, 2011)
"Olanzapine treatment in rats promoted endocrinological changes and lesions in the testis, leading to a disturbance in spermatogenesis."( Endocrine and testicular changes induced by olanzapine in adult Wistar rats.
Amorim, MJ; Brito, LT; da Silva Junior, VA; de Amorim Júnior, AA; de Siqueira Bringel, S; de Torres, SM; Morais, RN; Tenorio, BM, 2013)
"Olanzapine treatment resulted in increased levels of a disialylated biantennary glycan and reduced levels of a number of disialylated bi- and triantennary glycans on whole serum glycoproteins."( Antipsychotic treatment of acute paranoid schizophrenia patients with olanzapine results in altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins.
Bahn, S; Bones, J; Doherty, M; Guest, PC; Leweke, FM; Manning, G; McManus, C; Rahmoune, H; Rothermundt, M; Rudd, PM; Saldova, R; Telford, JE, 2012)
"Olanzapine treatment led to a significant decrease in the average intensity score of nausea from 2.4±0.7 to 0.2±0.4 (P<0.001)."( Olanzapine for the relief of nausea in patients with advanced cancer and incomplete bowel obstruction.
Kaneishi, K; Kawabata, M; Morita, T, 2012)
"For olanzapine-treated patients, risk factors included smoking status, previous episode history, amount of time patients had a 21-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21) score ≤ 8 at pre-randomization, and HDRS-21 score at randomization."( Variables as mediators or moderators in predicting relapse to any type of mood episode in a bipolar maintenance study.
Jen, KY; Leboyer, M; Tohen, M; Wang, WV, 2012)
"Olanzapine treatment is associated with tolerability issues such as metabolic adverse effects (e.g."( Comparing tolerability of olanzapine in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a meta-analysis.
Brunelle, S; Moteshafi, H; Stip, E; Zhornitsky, S, 2012)
"For olanzapine treated animals, weight gain was significantly greater in the minipump sample compared to both s.c."( Chronic olanzapine administration in rats: effect of route of administration on weight, food intake and body composition.
Chintoh, A; Fletcher, P; Giacca, A; Hahn, M; Mann, S; Nobrega, J; Remington, G, 2013)
"The olanzapine-treated patients showed a significantly lower maximal DFEN-evoked PRL response and a significantly lower group x time overall PRL release compared with the untreated patient group."( D-fenfluramine-evoked serotonergic responses in olanzapine-treated schizophrenic patients.
Curtis, VA; Jones, H; Lucey, JV; Pilowsky, LS; Wright, P, 2002)
"Olanzapine treated subjects achieved statistically significantly greater rates of clinical response, euthymia and remission than those assigned to placebo, 55% versus 29.5%, 50% versus 27%, and 18% versus 7%, respectively."( Rates of response, euthymia and remission in two placebo-controlled olanzapine trials for bipolar mania.
Baker, RW; Chengappa, KN; Gershon, S; Kupfer, DJ; Shao, L; Tohen, M; Yatham, LN, 2003)
"The olanzapine treatment of schizophrenia was characterised by significant antipsychotic efficacy including both positive and negative symptoms. "( [Effect of olanzapine treatment on cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia].
Lis, J; Radziwiłłowicz, P; Radziwiłłowicz, W, )
"Olanzapine-treated patients showed a significantly greater reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total, and PANSS General Psychopathology scores at endpoint compared to the risperidone-treated patients."( Olanzapine vs risperidone in the management of schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind trial in Australia and New Zealand.
Andersen, S; Catts, S; Crawford, AM; Fraser, A; Grainger, D; Gureje, O; Hustig, H; Keks, N; Lambert, T; McGrath, J; Miles, W; Tran, P, 2003)
"Olanzapine-treated patients also showed significantly improved AWAD scores."( Safety, effectiveness, and quality of life of olanzapine in first-episode schizophrenia: a naturalistic study.
Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gómez, JC; Montes, JM, 2003)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced a lower rate of treatment-emergent parkinsonism and akathisia but had significantly more weight gain, compared with the haloperidol-treated patients."( Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol.
Green, AI; Gur, RE; Hamer, RM; Kahn, R; Lieberman, JA; McEvoy, J; Perkins, D; Sharma, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, G; Wei, H; Zipursky, R, 2003)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced significantly greater reductions in Simpson-Angus Scale scores than did haloperidol- (p <.001), risperidone- (p <.001), or clozapine-treated (p =.032) patients."( An integrated analysis of acute treatment-emergent extrapyramidal syndrome in patients with schizophrenia during olanzapine clinical trials: comparisons with placebo, haloperidol, risperidone, or clozapine.
Beasley, CM; Berg, PH; Carlson, CD; Cavazzoni, PA; Kane, JM; Wei, H, 2003)
"The olanzapine-treated patients showed significant improvement in both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia by the end of the study."( Olanzapine in Chinese treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia: an open-label, prospective trial.
Chang, CC; Chen, PS; Chiu, NY; Lee, IH; Lee, JR; Yang, YK, 2003)
"Olanzapine may be a treatment option for patients who fail to respond to treatment with other antipsychotics. "( Switching treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to olanzapine: a one-year open-label study with five-year follow-up.
Karagianis, JL; LeDrew, KK; Walker, DJ, 2003)
"olanzapine treatment, compared with a general worsening during i.m."( Intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular haloperidol in acute schizophrenia: antipsychotic efficacy and extrapyramidal safety during the first 24 hours of treatment.
Alaka, K; Battaglia, J; Birkett, M; Bitter, I; Breier, A; Chouinard, G; Ferchland-Howe, I; Jones, B; Lindborg, SR; Meehan, K; Morris, PL; Pickard, A; Roth, J; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2003)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly higher plasma triglyceride concentrations (2.01 +/-1.05 vs."( Development of an atherogenic metabolic risk factor profile associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics.
Alméras, N; Bouchard, RH; Cadrin, C; Demers, MF; Després, JP; Mottard, JP; Roy, MA; Villeneuve, J, 2004)
"Olanzapine treatment led to rapid phosphorylation of kinases from all three pathways in PC12 cells."( Olanzapine produces trophic effects in vitro and stimulates phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, ERK1/2, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38.
Bradley, RJ; Dwyer, DS; Lu, XH, 2004)
"Olanzapine treatment is associated with substantial weight gain. "( The effect of famotidine addition on olanzapine-induced weight gain in first-episode schizophrenia patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study.
Fuchs, C; Gil-Ad, I; Maayan, R; Poyurovsky, M; Tal, V; Weizman, A, 2004)
"Olanzapine treatment was more beneficial for patients; comparing to other antipsychotic treatment less extrapyramidal symptoms and sexual dysfunctions were observed."( [Prospective observational study of outpatients with schizophrenia in Poland: preliminary 6 month efficacy and tolerability results].
Araszkiewicz, A; Debowska, G; Kolesaric, A; Lis, J; Meder, J; Sierosławska, K; Treuer, T, )
"Olanzapine-treated patients should be monitored with glucose, lipid, pancreatic function and liver function tests, and the olanzapine should be discontinued if the results of these tests worsen."( Olanzapine-induced pancreatitis: a case report.
Carlsson, H; Nielsen, EW; Waage, C, 2004)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced modest but significant improvement in PANSS-Cognitive score (olanzapine: -4.25 n = 124; placebo: -1.69 n = 120, p < 01), regardless of age, gender, mania subtype (pure, mixed), course (rapid or non-rapid cycling), or the presence or absence of psychotic features. "( Improvement of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale cognitive score associated with olanzapine treatment of acute mania.
Huang, LX; Namjoshi, MA; Schuh, LM; Shi, L; Tohen, M; Trzepacz, PT, 2004)
"Olanzapine or fluoxetine treatment also increased the number of proliferating cells in the prelimbic cortex."( Chronic olanzapine or fluoxetine administration increases cell proliferation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rat.
Duman, RS; Fujioka, T; Kodama, M, 2004)
"Olanzapine treatment was either initiated or patients were switched from other antipsychotics to olanzapine. "( [Subjective and objective evaluation of olanzapine treatment in schizophrenia].
Jarema, M; Murawiec, S; Tafliński, T, )
"Olanzapine treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia proved to be efficacious in both objective and subjective evaluation."( [Subjective and objective evaluation of olanzapine treatment in schizophrenia].
Jarema, M; Murawiec, S; Tafliński, T, )
"Olanzapine-treated patients had a significant reduction in extrapyramidal symptoms and subjective measures of stiffness and dry mouth, but the increases in systolic blood pressure and weight in olanzapine-treated patients were significantly greater than they were in haloperidol-treated patients."( Olanzapine treatment of residual positive and negative symptoms.
Ball, MP; Buchanan, RW; Carpenter, WT; Gold, JM; Kirkpatrick, B; McMahon, RP; Weiner, E, 2005)
"Olanzapine-treated patients exhibited significant weight increases, whereas ziprasidone-treated patients exhibited weight loss."( Comparison of the metabolic effects observed in patients treated with ziprasidone versus olanzapine.
Brown, RR; Estoup, MW, 2005)
"Olanzapine treatment reduced development of ABA in rats by reducing running wheel activity, starvation-induced hypothermia and activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. "( Olanzapine reduces physical activity in rats exposed to activity-based anorexia: possible implications for treatment of anorexia nervosa?
Adan, RA; Hillebrand, JJ; Kas, MJ; van Elburg, AA; van Engeland, H, 2005)
"Olanzapine treatment reduced wheel running and thereby diminished development of ABA in rats. "( Olanzapine reduces physical activity in rats exposed to activity-based anorexia: possible implications for treatment of anorexia nervosa?
Adan, RA; Hillebrand, JJ; Kas, MJ; van Elburg, AA; van Engeland, H, 2005)
"Olanzapine-treated patients were more likely to report reduced social and family interaction, as well as reduced sexual behavior and less participation in active recreational and pastime activities."( Patients' opinions of olanzapine and risperidone following long-term treatment: results from a cross-sectional survey.
McGrath, BM; Tempier, RP, 2005)
"Olanzapine treatment resulted in significantly greater psychopathology improvement and higher response and completion rates than ziprasidone treatment, while ziprasidone was superior for weight change and lipid profile."( Olanzapine versus ziprasidone: results of a 28-week double-blind study in patients with schizophrenia.
Berg, PH; Breier, A; Cavazzoni, P; Gattaz, WF; Kane, JM; Naber, D; Roychowdhury, SM; Thakore, JH; Walker, DJ, 2005)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with increased rates of slow (70.4% vs."( Electroencephalogram slowing, sleepiness and treatment response in patients with schizophrenia during olanzapine treatment.
Jernajczyk, W; Szafranski, T; Waliniowska, E; Wichniak, A; Wierzbicka, A, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated, non-rapid cyclers experienced greater mania improvement than rapid cyclers."( Rapid versus non-rapid cycling as a predictor of response to olanzapine and divalproex sodium for bipolar mania and maintenance of remission: post hoc analyses of 47-week data.
Baker, RW; Brown, E; Schuh, LM; Suppes, T; Tohen, M, 2005)
"The olanzapine-treated group also had lower, but not statistically significant, PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale scores and fewer positive urine toxicology screens compared with those in the haloperidol group."( The efficacy of olanzapine for decreasing cue-elicited craving in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence: a preliminary report.
Kaune, M; Losonczy, MF; Smelson, DA; Steinberg, ML; Williams, J; Ziedonis, D, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced significantly lower eosinophil counts and higher elevations in low-density lipoproteins and standing blood pressure than non-switched patients."( Improvement in hyperprolactinemia and reproductive comorbidities in patients with schizophrenia switched from conventional antipsychotics or risperidone to olanzapine.
Ahl, J; Kinon, BJ; Liu-Seifert, H; Maguire, GA, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced significantly (P < 0.05) greater increases in triglycerides, HgbA1c, and weight."( A 24-week randomized study of olanzapine versus ziprasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in patients with prominent depressive symptoms.
Adams, DH; Ascher-Svanum, H; Edwards, SB; Kinon, BJ; Lipkovich, I; Siris, SG, 2006)
"Olanzapine treatment was found to have significantly better effects than typical agents on negative and depressive symptom scores, and significantly greater improvements than risperidone on negative and cognitive symptoms."( Treatment with olanzapine, risperidone or typical antipsychotic drugs in Asian patients with schizophrenia.
Dyachkova, Y; Habil, H; Lee, C; Lee, P; Wu, KH, 2006)
"Olanzapine treatment reduced nocturnal plasma melatonin by 55% (p<0.001), which was restored to control levels by olanzapine+melatonin."( Olanzapine-induced weight gain and increased visceral adiposity is blocked by melatonin replacement therapy in rats.
Burke, BL; Crites, NJ; Raskind, MA; Rasmussen, DD; Tapp, AM, 2007)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly higher mean fasting triglyceride levels (2.3 +/- 1.8 mmol/L) than risperidone- (1.7 +/- 0.9 mmol/L, P = 0.022), but not typical antipsychotic-treated patients (1.8 +/- 1 mmol/L)."( Cross-sectional comparison of fasting lipids in normoglycemic patients with schizophrenia during chronic treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, or typical antipsychotics.
Cavazzoni, P; Hardy, TA; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Marquez, E; Taylor, CC, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement on positive symptoms and on several measures of functioning including Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, Quality of Life Instrumental Role domain, and level of effort in psychosocial or occupational rehabilitation programs."( Randomized, double-blind 6-month comparison of olanzapine and quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with prominent negative symptoms and poor functioning.
Ascher-Svanum, H; Gulliver, AH; Kinon, BJ; Kollack-Walker, S; Liu-Seifert, H; Noordsy, DL, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated patients reported more extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)-related adverse events (18%) than aripiprazole-treated patients (10%)."( Effectiveness of long-term aripiprazole therapy in patients with acutely relapsing or chronic, stable schizophrenia: a 52-week, open-label comparison with olanzapine.
Chrzanowski, WK; Marcus, RN; McQuade, RD; Nyilas, M; Torbeyns, A, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly more weight gain compared with the haloperidol and risperidone groups (p < .001)."( A practical clinical trial comparing haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine for the acute treatment of first-episode nonaffective psychosis.
Crespo-Facorro, B; Llorca, J; Luis Vázquez-Barquero, J; Martínez-García, O; Pérez-Iglesias, R; Ramirez-Bonilla, M, 2006)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had greater HAM-D-21 (p = .040) and CGI-BP (p = .026) score improvement across the study."( Olanzapine versus risperidone in the treatment of manic or mixed States in bipolar I disorder: a randomized, double-blind trial.
Baker, RW; Brown, EB; Jamal, HH; Perlis, RH; Schuh, LM; Tohen, M; Zarate, CA, 2006)
"Olanzapine/reboxetine-treated patients showed a significantly lower increase in body weight (mean = 3.31 kg, SD = 2.73) than their olanzapine/placebo-treated counterparts (mean = 4.91 kg, SD = 2.45)."( Attenuating effect of reboxetine on appetite and weight gain in olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Faragian, S; Fuchs, C; Gil-Ad, I; Levi, A; Maayan, R; Pashinian, A; Poyurovsky, M, 2007)
"The olanzapine-treated group showed statistically significant improvements: PANSS-EC (F=122.9; df=2.4; p=0.000), ACES (F=68.2; df=2.8; p=0.000)."( Olanzapine orally-disintegrating tablet in severe psychotic agitation: a naturalistic study.
Alvarez, E; Martín, JL; Pascual, JC; Pérez, V; Puigdemont, D; Safont, G, )
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced more weight gain than the haloperidol-treated group (F = 7.044, df = 1,33; p ( A randomized controlled trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of primary negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Abad, MT; Iskander, A; Khan, A; Lindenmayer, JP; Parker, B, 2007)
"Olanzapine treatment for 24 h increased the levels of 5-HT(2A) receptors in both cytosol (234 +/- 34% of control level) and membrane fractions (206 +/- 14% of control levels) and RGS7 proteins in both cytosol (193 +/- 32% of control levels) and membrane fractions (160 +/- 18% of control levels) as measured on Western blots."( Olanzapine increases RGS7 protein expression via stimulation of the Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling cascade.
Muma, NA; Shi, J; Singh, RK; Zemaitaitis, BW, 2007)
"One olanzapine-treated patient was diagnosed with diabetes."( Metabolic control in patients with schizophrenia treated with amisulpride or olanzapine.
De Hert, M; Mortimer, A; Peuskens, J, 2007)
"Olanzapine-treated SZ patients carrying the ancestral homozygote genotype showed a higher BMI for rs7973796 (P = 0.016 with the LSMeans t-test) than the variant homozygotes."( Possible association of the pro-melanin-concentrating hormone gene with a greater body mass index as a side effect of the antipsychotic olanzapine.
Bouchard, RH; Bureau, A; Chagnon, YC; Gendron, D; Maziade, M; Mérette, C; Roy, MA, 2007)
"Olanzapine treatment resulted in no significant change in right or left hippocampal volume. "( A longitudinal study on the effects of typical versus atypical antipsychotic drugs on hippocampal volume in schizophrenia.
Barr, AM; Honer, WG; Khorram, B; Kopala, LC; Lang, DJ; Panenka, WJ; Smith, GN; Vandorpe, RA, 2007)
"Olanzapine-treated patients showed significantly greater baseline-to-end point mean improvements in the primary efficacy measure, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total, compared with chlorpromazine-treated patients (least-squares means: olanzapine, -21.1; chlorpromazine, -10.4; P < 0.001)."( Olanzapine versus chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label studies in the Middle East and North Africa.
Dominguez, S; Dossenbach, M; Huang, X; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Saylan, M; Treuer, T, 2007)
"With olanzapine treatment, RGS4 protein levels increase in the membrane-fraction and decrease in the cytosolic fraction by similar amounts suggesting a redistribution of RGS4 protein within neurons."( Chronic olanzapine activates the Stat3 signal transduction pathway and alters expression of components of the 5-HT2A receptor signaling system in rat frontal cortex.
Battaglia, G; D'Souza, DN; Damjanoska, KJ; Garcia, F; Muma, NA; Singh, RK; Van de Kar, LD; Vercillo, MS; Zemaitaitis, B; Zhang, Y, 2007)
"All olanzapine-treated groups demonstrated significant increases in food intake (P<0.001)."( Ziprasidone and aripiprazole attenuate olanzapine-induced hyperphagia in rats.
Neill, JC; Reynolds, GP; Snigdha, S; Thumbi, C, 2008)
"Olanzapine pretreatment significantly attenuated thioperamide-induced hypophagia."( Comparative effects of olanzapine and ziprasidone on hypophagia induced by enhanced histamine neurotransmission in the rat.
Clifton, PG; Davoodi, N; Kalinichev, M, 2008)
"Olanzapine treatment resulted in improvements in positive and general psychiatric symptoms, as well as quality of life. "( Clinical and pharmacoeconomic evaluation of switch to olanzapine in veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Ambrose, SM; Cates, ME; Davis, LL; Johnson, JD; Kashner, TM; Lowe, JS; Thomas, BL; Ward, LC; Williford, RB, 2008)
"Olanzapine treatment for agitation and psychosis related to Alzheimer's disease is cost effective when compared with no treatment. "( A markov model of the cost effectiveness of olanzapine treatment for agitation and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease.
Kirbach, S; Mintzer, J; Nietert, PJ; Simpson, K, 2008)
"Olanzapine treated patients had similar levels of striatal D2 binding in vivo (1.41 +/- 0.06) as those treated with clozapine (1.49 +/- 0.04)."( Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in vivo by the novel atypical antipsychotic olanzapine--a 123I IBZM single photon emission tomography (SPET) study.
Busatto, GF; Costa, DC; Ell, PJ; Kerwin, RW; Nohria, V; Pilowsky, LS; Sharma, T; Sigmundsson, T; Taylor, M, 1996)
"The olanzapine-treated patients had fewer motor and cardiovascular side effects than the chlorpromazine-treated patients."( Olanzapine compared with chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Bartko, JJ; Conley, RR; Gounaris, C; Hegerty, J; Lingle, J; Love, R; Peszke, M; Richardson, C; Tamminga, CA; Zaremba, S, 1998)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had fewer side effects than chlorpromazine-treated patients."( Olanzapine compared with chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Bartko, JJ; Conley, RR; Gounaris, C; Hegerty, J; Lingle, J; Love, R; Peszke, M; Richardson, C; Tamminga, CA; Zaremba, S, 1998)
"Olanzapine-treated subjects experienced less relapse (P = 0.034). "( Oral olanzapine versus oral haloperidol in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses.
Beasley, CM; Dellva, MA; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV; Wentley, AL, 1998)
"Olanzapine-treated patients further showed statistically significant improvements in the Simpson-Angus scale and Barnes Akathisia Scale scores, while haloperidol-treated patients showed a worsening on both measures."( Olanzapine versus haloperidol treatment in first-episode psychosis.
Beasley, C; Grundy, S; Lieberman, JA; Sanger, TM; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GD, 1999)
"Olanzapine-treated patients achieved a statistically significant greater improvement than haloperidol treated patients on overall measures of efficacy, including clinical response. "( Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder. Acute and long-term therapy.
Beasley, CM; Berg, PH; Lu, Y; Sanger, TM; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1999)
"Olanzapine-treated patients improved in 5 of 8 domains to a significantly greater degree than did haloperidol patients."( Reliability, validity, and application of the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine versus haloperidol.
Croghan, TW; Heilman, DK; Johnstone, BM; Obenchain, RL; Tunis, SL, 1999)
"Olanzapine treated subjects showed reduced day 4 deficit (compared with day 1), with no significant difference from placebo beyond 6 h post dose."( A comparison of the effects of olanzapine, haloperidol and placebo on cognitive and psychomotor functions in healthy elderly volunteers.
Beuzen, JN; Taylor, N; Wesnes, K; Wood, A, 1999)
"Olanzapine treatment was initiated at 5 mg daily and was increased based on clinical judgement up to a maximum of 40 mg daily."( Olanzapine for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a naturalistic case-series outcome study.
Bird, DC; Dursun, SM; Flinn, J; Gardner, DM, 1999)
"Olanzapine treatment in the acute phase led to significantly lower inpatient ($US5125 vs $US5795, p = 0.038) and outpatient ($US663 vs $US692, p = 0.001) costs, resulting in a significant overall reduction in mean total medical costs of $US388 (p = 0.033)."( Clinical and economic outcomes of olanzapine compared with haloperidol for schizophrenia. Results from a randomised clinical trial.
Edgell, ET; Genduso, LA; Hamilton, SH; Revicki, DA; Tollefson, G, 1999)
"Olanzapine-treated patients (205 +/- 142 days) experienced significantly (p < 0.001) longer evaluation periods than haloperidol-treated patients (132 +/- 129 days)."( [Economic comparison of olanzapine versus haloperidol in treatment of schizophrenia in France].
Allicar, MP; Gregor, KJ; Le Pen, C; Lilliu, H; Olivier, V, )
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with significantly better clinical outcomes and per diem total direct medical cost than haloperidol treatment. "( [Economic comparison of olanzapine versus haloperidol in treatment of schizophrenia in France].
Allicar, MP; Gregor, KJ; Le Pen, C; Lilliu, H; Olivier, V, )
"Olanzapine-treated patients had serum anticholinergic levels that were less than one fifth those of the clozapine-treated patients."( Anticholinergic differences among patients receiving standard clinical doses of olanzapine or clozapine.
Brar, JS; Chengappa, KN; Kirshner, MA; Levine, J; Parepally, H; Pollock, BG; Zoretich, RA, 2000)
"Olanzapine treatment was started, in dose 10 mg a day."( [A case of mania following olanzapine administration].
Borysewicz, K; Borysewicz, W, )
"Olanzapine-treated patients demonstrated a statistically significant greater mean (+/- SD) improvement in Y-MRS total score than placebo-treated patients (-14.8 +/- 12.5 and -8.1 +/- 12.7, respectively; P<.001), which was evident at the first postbaseline observation 1 week after randomization and was maintained throughout the study (last observation carried forward). "( Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Olanzipine HGGW Study Group.
Banov, MC; Breier, A; Francis, J; Grundy, SL; Jacobs, TG; Janicak, PG; McElroy, SL; Risser, R; Sanger, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GD; Toma, V; Zhang, F, 2000)
"Olanzapine-treated patients experienced superior improvements compared to haloperidol-treated patients on all efficacy measures assessed in both phases."( Functional outcomes in schizophrenia: a comparison of olanzapine and haloperidol in a European sample.
Breier, A; Edgell, ET; Hamilton, SH; Revicki, DA, 2000)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with weight gain and elevated levels of insulin, leptin, and blood lipids as well as insulin resistance, with 3 patients diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus. "( Elevated levels of insulin, leptin, and blood lipids in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses.
Brismar, KE; Hulting, AL; Melkersson, KI, 2000)
"Olanzapine-treated patients were more likely to maintain response compared with risperidone-treated patients (p = 0.048)."( Olanzapine versus risperidone. A prospective comparison of clinical and economic outcomes in schizophrenia.
Andersen, SW; Breier, A; Dulisse, B; Edgell, ET; Johnstone, BM; Revicki, D, 2000)
"In olanzapine-treated patients, improvement in BPRS agitation and positive symptom scores was significantly greater at weeks 4, 5, and 6 (agitation scores, p < or = .01; positive symptom scores, p < .05) (OC)."( Effective resolution with olanzapine of acute presentation of behavioral agitation and positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
Hill, AL; Kinon, BJ; Milton, DR; Roychowdhury, SM, 2001)
"Olanzapine-treated patients exhibited statistically significantly greater improvements from baseline (last observation carried forward) on all efficacy measurements. "( Superior efficacy of olanzapine over haloperidol: analysis of patients with schizophrenia from a multicenter international trial.
Crawford, AM; Gomez, JC, 2001)
"Olanzapine treatment for patients with delirium was effective and safe."( An open pilot trial of olanzapine for delirium in the Korean population.
Bahk, WM; Chae, JH; Jun, T; Kim, KS; Pae, CU, 2001)
"Olanzapine treatment was associated with significant improvement in mean YMRS score (-19.0 +/- 9.2, p < 0.001)."( A prospective open-label treatment trial of olanzapine monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.
Biederman, J; Feldman, PD; Frazier, JA; Garfield, SB; Gonzalez-Heydrich, J; Jacobs, TG; Kim, GS; Nowlin, ZM; Rater, MA; Risser, RC; Sohma, M; Tarazi, RA; Tohen, M; Toma, V, 2001)
"Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly higher DAI-10 scores and significantly better treatment compliance compared to both risperidone- and haloperidol-treated patients."( Subjective response to antipsychotic treatment and compliance in schizophrenia. A naturalistic study comparing olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol (EFESO Study).
Edgell, E; García-Cabeza, I; Gómez, JC; González de Chavez, M; Sacristán, JA, 2001)
"Olanzapine-treated subjects used less as needed (PRN) antipsychotic medication compared to pre-olanzapine treatment period."( The use of concomitant medications in psychiatric inpatients treated with either olanzapine or other antipsychotic agents: a naturalistic study at a state psychiatric hospital.
Atzert, R; Baird, JW; Brar, JS; Chakravorty, S; Chalasani, L; Chengappa, KN; Delaney, JA; Levine, J; Parepally, H; Patel, AM, 2002)
"The olanzapine treatment group had significantly greater mean improvement of mania ratings and a significantly greater proportion of patients achieving protocol-defined remission, compared with the divalproex treatment group. "( Olanzapine versus divalproex in the treatment of acute mania.
Altshuler, LL; Baker, RW; Breier, A; Gilmore, JA; Ketter, TA; Milton, DR; Risser, R; Suppes, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GA; Zarate, CA, 2002)
"Treatment with olanzapine (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or fenofibrate (100 mg/kg, orally) have been started 5 weeks after isolation, then behavioral tests, hippocampal content of neurotransmitters, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were assessed."( Fenofibrate ameliorates olanzapine's side effects without altering its central effect: emphasis on FGF-21-adiponectin axis.
Ali, AA; El-Bakly, WM; El-Demerdash, E; El-Kilany, SS; Galal, A, 2021)
"Treatment with olanzapine/quetiapine occurred in 18,317 of the cohort."( Associations between off-label low-dose olanzapine or quetiapine and cardiometabolic mortality.
Abri, P; Andell, P; Berge, J; Movahed, P; Ragazan, DC, 2022)
"Treatment with olanzapine depot is associated with a rare but potentially adverse reaction, namely post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS), characterized by delirium and/or sedation. "(
Alaoui-Ismaili, Z; Baandrup, L; Barzanji, AF; Mohammad, M, 2023)
"For treatment, olanzapine appears to be nearly universally effective at low doses, but randomized trial evidence is lacking."( Prevention of Steroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Complications With Neuroleptic Drugs: A Review.
Akid, I; Bienvenu, OJ; Nanavati, J; Nesbit, S; Smith, TJ, 2022)
"Cotreatment with olanzapine blocked the anorexigenic effect of peripheral, but not central estradiol."( Lack of Ovarian Secretions Reverts the Anabolic Action of Olanzapine in Female Rats.
Berge, RK; Fernø, J; González-García, I; López, M; Martins, L; Mellgren, G; Nogueiras, R; Skrede, S; Steen, VM; Tena-Sempere, M, 2017)
"Treatment with olanzapine (0.5 mg/kg) for the duration of 14 days produced a significant increase in food intake and body weight as compared to control."( A role of neuropeptide CART in hyperphagia and weight gain induced by olanzapine treatment in rats.
Kokare, DM; Nakhate, KT; Subhedar, NK, 2018)
"Treatment with olanzapine plus samidorphan resulted in a statistically significant lower weight gain (37% lower weight gain compared with olanzapine plus placebo)."( Mitigation of Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain With Samidorphan, an Opioid Antagonist: A Randomized Double-Blind Phase 2 Study in Patients With Schizophrenia.
Correll, CU; DiPetrillo, L; Ehrich, EW; Jiang, Y; Martin, WF; Pathak, S; Silverman, BL; Weiden, PJ, 2019)
"Pretreatment with olanzapine blocked MK-801-induced disruption of PPI."( Atypical antipsychotic olanzapine reversed deficit on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex produced by microinjection of dizocilpine (MK-801) into the inferior colliculus in rats.
Carvalheira, R; Labbate, G; Longo, BM; Medeiros, P; Melo-Thomas, L; Silva, RC; Zangrando, J, 2013)
"Treatment with olanzapine, risperidone and clozapine is often associated with weight gain."( Atypical antipsychotics for psychosis in adolescents.
Datta, SS; Furtado, VA; Kumar, A; Russell, PS; Wright, SD, 2013)
"Treatment with olanzapine caused a significant decrease in hippocampal volume in sedentary rats."( Effects of chronic exercise and treatment with the antipsychotic drug olanzapine on hippocampal volume in adult female rats.
Barr, AM; Beasley, CL; Boyda, HN; Hercher, C; Honer, WG; Procyshyn, RM; Töpfer, E; Wong, C; Wu, CH, 2013)
"Treatment with olanzapine relieved her psychotic symptoms but caused severe dystonias, daily myoclonic jerks, and tremors."( Topiramate improves psychiatric symptoms in a patient with Lewy body dementia.
Ochoa, JG, 2014)
"Treatment with olanzapine had only a modest effect in altering the trajectory of weight loss."( Olanzapine for cachexia in patients with advanced cancer: an exploratory study of effects on weight and metabolic cytokines.
Abdelrahim, M; Dalal, S; Falchook, GS; Fu, S; Hess, K; Hong, DS; Ilustre, A; Janku, F; Kurzrock, R; Naing, A; Ouyang, F; Wheler, J, 2015)
"Treatment with olanzapine OST and ODT similarly increased the 12h mean PRL concentrations and the secreted PRL mass."( Olanzapine shifts the temporal relationship between the daily acrophase of serum prolactin and cortisol concentrations rhythm in healthy men.
Frolich, M; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F; Vidarsdottir, S, 2009)
"Treatment with olanzapine/sertraline was associated with higher remission rates during the trial than olanzapine/placebo (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.47; P < .001); 41.9% of subjects who underwent combination therapy were in remission at their last assessment compared with 23.9% of subjects treated with monotherapy (chi(2)(1) = 9.53, P = .002). "( A double-blind randomized controlled trial of olanzapine plus sertraline vs olanzapine plus placebo for psychotic depression: the study of pharmacotherapy of psychotic depression (STOP-PD).
Flint, AJ; Heo, M; Leon, AC; Meyers, BS; Mulsant, BH; Papademetriou, E; Peasley-Miklus, C; Rothschild, AJ; Whyte, EM, 2009)
"Treatment with olanzapine (atypical antipsychotic drug) is frequently associated with various metabolic anomalies, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. "( Short-term treatment with olanzapine does not modulate gut hormone secretion: olanzapine disintegrating versus standard tablets.
Holst, JJ; Pijl, H; Rehfeld, JF; Roelfsema, F; Streefland, T; Vidarsdottir, S, 2010)
"Treatment with olanzapine was associated with increases in DMN connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but not in posterior regions of DMN."( Treatment with olanzapine is associated with modulation of the default mode network in patients with Schizophrenia.
Bertolino, A; Blasi, G; Caforio, G; Di Giorgio, A; Fazio, L; Gelao, B; Lo Bianco, L; Nardini, M; Papazacharias, A; Popolizio, T; Romano, R; Sambataro, F; Taurisano, P, 2010)
"Treatment with olanzapine is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. "( Orally disintegrating and oral standard olanzapine tablets similarly elevate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and plasma triglyceride levels in 12 healthy men: a randomized crossover study.
Frölich, M; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F; Vidarsdottir, S; Vlug, P, 2010)
"Treatment with olanzapine ODT and OST equally elevated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = .005). "( Orally disintegrating and oral standard olanzapine tablets similarly elevate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and plasma triglyceride levels in 12 healthy men: a randomized crossover study.
Frölich, M; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F; Vidarsdottir, S; Vlug, P, 2010)
"Treatment with olanzapine was continued for 10 weeks, with weekly tests of metabolic indices."( Intermittent treatment with olanzapine causes sensitization of the metabolic side-effects in rats.
Barr, AM; Boyda, HN; Honer, WG; Pang, CC; Procyshyn, RM; Tse, L; Wong, D, 2012)
"Only treatment with olanzapine 5-10 mg/d was associated with significantly greater mean change from baseline to endpoint in ZAN-BPD total score relative to placebo (-8.5 vs -6.8, respectively; P = .010; effect size = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.06-0.52)."( A dose comparison of olanzapine for the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Corya, S; Deberdt, W; Detke, HC; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Lin, D; Schulz, SC; Tanaka, Y; Zanarini, MC; Zhao, F, 2011)
"Treatment with olanzapine had a greater effect on multiple domains of psychosocial functioning compared with placebo, suggesting that in addition to improving manic symptoms, pharmacologic interventions may lessen some of psychosocial deficits experienced by adolescents with bipolar disorder."( Health-related quality of life as measured by the child health questionnaire in adolescents with bipolar disorder treated with olanzapine.
Bitter, SM; Case, M; Chang, K; DelBello, MP; Findling, RL; Ganocy, SJ; Olsen, BT; Tohen, M, 2012)
"Rats treated with olanzapine exhibited significant body weight gain and increased food intake."( Reducing olanzapine-induced weight gain side effect by using betahistine: a study in the rat model.
Deng, C; Huang, XF; Lian, J; Pai, N, 2012)
"Treatment with olanzapine, 5HT-2 and D1/ D2 antagonist, significantly improved the clinical picture as Boyd et al. "( Stuttering treated with olanzapine: a case report.
Mozos-Ansorena, A; Pérez-García, M; Pérez-Pérez, J; Portela-Traba, B; Tabernero-Lado, A, )
"The treatment with olanzapine enabled most of the youngsters to continue school."( [Olanzapine in the first episode of schizophrenia in young adults].
Dabkowska, M, )
"Treatment with olanzapine and risperidone were identified as risk factors of weight gain versus haloperidol."( Weight gain in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine or haloperidol: results of the EIRE study.
Bobes, J; Fernández, I; Garcia-Garcia, M; García-Portilla, MP; Hernández, G; Rejas, J; Rico-Villademoros, F, 2003)
"Treatment with olanzapine was associated with a better response over risperidone on the psychological domain of the World Health Organisation-Quality Of Life [Brief] (WHO-QOL-BREF) scale ( p = 0.02)."( The impact upon extra-pyramidal side effects, clinical symptoms and quality of life of a switch from conventional to atypical antipsychotics (risperidone or olanzapine) in elderly patients with schizophrenia.
Ames, D; Chiu, E; Hall, K; Harrigan, S; Hassett, A; Macfarlane, S; Mastwyk, M; O'Connor, DW; Opie, J; Ritchie, CW, 2003)
"Treatment with olanzapine was also associated with a statistically significant improvement in verbal fluency."( Randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter comparison of the cognitive effects of ziprasidone versus olanzapine in acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Harvey, PD; Romano, S; Siu, CO, 2004)
"Treatment with olanzapine was started anew or switched from a conventional antipsychotic drug."( Weight gain during long-term treatment with olanzapine: a case series.
Haberfellner, EM; Rittmannsberger, H, 2004)
"Treatment with olanzapine was associated with significantly greater weight gain than treatment with risperidone in Chinese schizophrenia patients in Hong Kong. "( Atypical antipsychotics and weight gain in Chinese patients: a comparison of olanzapine and risperidone.
Lee, E; Leung, CM; Wong, E, 2004)
"The treatment with olanzapine caused significant improvement of schizophrenia positive, negative and affective symptoms. "( [Subjective and objective evaluation of olanzapine treatment in schizophrenia].
Jarema, M; Murawiec, S; Tafliński, T, )
"On treatment with olanzapine, valproic acid, and perazine there was only moderate improvement."( Acute psychosis with a mediastinal carcinoma metastasis.
Connemann, BJ; Freudenmann, RW; Kassubek, J; Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C; Tumani, H, 2005)
"Rats treated with olanzapine and clozapine presented a decrease in motor activity level at the same time."( Influence of chronic treatment with olanzapine, clozapine and scopolamine on performance of a learned 8-arm radial maze task in rats.
Gibert-Rahola, J; Micó, JA; Ortega-Alvaro, A, 2006)
"Treatment with olanzapine may impact a patient's weight; thus, long-term weight gain and potential predictors (e.g., age and gender) and correlates (e.g., cholesterol and glucose levels) of weight gain were investigated in OFC-treated patients with MDD."( Long-term weight gain in patients treated with open-label olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine for major depressive disorder.
Andersen, SW; Clemow, DB; Corya, SA, 2005)
"Treatment with olanzapine (20 mg) resulted not only in a fast reduction of tic severity and frequency, but also in a reduction of obsessive-compulsive behaviours."( Olanzapine in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: beyond tics.
Audenaert, K; De Saedeleer, S; Naudts, KH; Van den Eynde, F; van Heeringen, C, 2005)
"Treatment with olanzapine appears to be more cost-effective than that with the other atypical antipsychotics in Thai schizophrenic patients."( Cost analysis of the treatment of schizophrenia in Thailand: a simulation model comparing olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone and haloperidol.
Birinyi-Strachan, L; Davey, P; Kongsakon, R; Leelahanaj, T; Price, N, 2005)
"Treatment with olanzapine resulted in a greater numerical improvement than risperidone in all SFS domains and reached statistical significance in such categories as social engagement or withdrawal (p = 0.01), independence (performance) (p = 0.0098), independence (competence) (p = 0.04), recreational activities (p = 0.0391), and occupation/employment (p = 0.0024) in which the greatest difference between the olanzapine and risperidone groups was found (0.86 vs."( Improvement in social functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms treated with olanzapine or risperidone in a 1 year randomized, open-label trial.
Alvarez, E; Bousoño, M; Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Olivares, JM, 2006)
"Treatment with olanzapine was also associated with a higher frequency of remission compared with other antipsychotic agents."( Remission and relapse in the outpatient care of schizophrenia: three-year results from the Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study.
Alonso, J; Haro, JM; Lépine, JP; Novick, D; Ratcliffe, M; Suarez, D, 2006)
"Treatment with olanzapine moderately decreased, while treatment with fluphenazine significantly increased plasma cortisol levels and muscle rigidity."( The effects of olanzapine and fluphenazine on plasma cortisol, prolactin and muscle rigidity in schizophrenic patients: a double blind study.
Jakovljevic, M; Ljubicic, D; Marcinko, D; Mihaljevic-Peles, A; Muck-Seler, D; Mustapic, M; Pivac, N; Relja, M, 2007)
"Treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks improved both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia."( Effects of olanzapine on plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites, cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in schizophrenic patients.
Hori, H; Ida, Y; Ikenouchi, A; Mitoma, M; Nakamura, J; Yamada, Y; Yoshimura, R, 2007)
"Treatment with olanzapine increased the neuronal differentiation suppressed by the exposure to thapsigargin (10 nM)."( Olanzapine potentiates neuronal survival and neural stem cell differentiation: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response proteins.
Hashimoto, E; Kurosawa, S; Saito, S; Saito, T; Toki, S; Ukai, W, 2007)
"Treatment with olanzapine was associated with greater decreases in Y-BOCS total score than treatment with risperidone in total group (N = 122: -2.2 vs -0.3, z = -2.651, P < 0.01), in patients with baseline Y-BOCS total score greater than 0 (n = 58: -5.1 vs -0.4, z = -2.717, P < 0.01), and in patients with baseline Y-BOCS total score greater than 10 (n = 29: -7.1 vs -0.6, z = -2.138, P = 0.032)."( Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a randomized, double-blind study with olanzapine or risperidone in young patients with early psychosis.
de Haan, L; Laan, W; Linszen, D; van Beveren, N; van den Brink, W; van Nimwegen, L, 2008)
"Treatment with olanzapine was more effective in terms of QALYs gained than all of the other antipsychotic treatments."( Cost-utility analysis of treatment with olanzapine compared with other antipsychotic treatments in patients with schizophrenia in the pan-European SOHO study.
Brown, J; Haro, JM; Hong, J; Knapp, M; Kontodimas, S; Novick, D; Ratcliffe, M; Tzivelekis, S; Windmeijer, F, 2008)
"Pre-treatment with olanzapine (3.0, 4.5 mg/kg, but not 1.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated conditioned place preference produced by cocaine (10 mg/kg)."( Olanzapine attenuates the reinforcing effects of cocaine.
Meil, WM; Schechter, MD, 1997)
"Pretreatment with olanzapine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) inhibited the dizocilpine (0.5 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion but not the stereotypy."( Preferential inhibition of dizocilpine-induced hyperlocomotion by olanzapine.
Kulkarni, SK; Ninan, I, 1999)
"When treated with olanzapine and levomepromazine, the patient had a fulminant NMS which was complicated with pneumonia. "( Neuroleptic malignant syndrome during olanzapine and levomepromazine treatment.
Järventausta, K; Leinonen, E, 2000)

Toxicity

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, whose chronic use has been associated with the development of potential adverse effects such as weight gain and cardio-metabolic disorders like hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.

ExcerptReference
" It does not appear to be free of adverse effects on liver function."( First clinical experience with olanzapine (LY 170053): results of an open-label safety and dose-ranging study in patients with schizophrenia.
Baldwin, DS; Montgomery, SA, 1995)
" Considerable progress has been made in improving the motor side effect profile with the advent of clozapine and risperidone."( Side effect profiles of new antipsychotic agents.
Casey, DE, 1996)
" Significant adverse events included somnolence, weight gain, and asymptomatic treatment-emergent transaminase elevation."( Safety of olanzapine.
Beasley, CM; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1997)
"Most traditional neuroleptics have a narrow therapeutic-to-toxic index, and thus, the novel antipsychotics are the result of a search to substantially widen the distance between the dose that treats psychosis and the one that produces adverse effects."( The relationship of pharmacology to side effects.
Casey, DE, 1997)
" Neutrophils from two patients with a history of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis seemed to be more sensitive to the toxic effects of the clozapine reactive metabolite; however, the numbers are too small to draw any definite conclusions."( A comparison of the oxidation of clozapine and olanzapine to reactive metabolites and the toxicity of these metabolites to human leukocytes.
Gardner, I; MacCrimmon, D; Uetrecht, JP; Zahid, N, 1998)
" Thus, clinicians should address patients' concerns about adverse effects and attempt to choose medications that will improve their patients' quality of life as well as overall health."( Adverse effects of the atypical antipsychotics. Collaborative Working Group on Clinical Trial Evaluations.
, 1998)
" The side effects associated with traditional antipsychotic treatment are generally minimal in patients who take risperidone, a combined 5-HT2/D2 antagonist, but the literature is sparse on adverse events among the newer atypical antipsychotics."( Risperidone side effects.
Conley, RR, 2000)
" Compared with traditional agents, olanzapine shows only a few adverse events such as dry mouth, sedation, and increase in appetite."( Adverse events related to olanzapine.
Conley, RR; Meltzer, HY, 2000)
" Their adverse effects, which include extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, sedation, and sexual dysfunction, often lead to non-compliance; their use may have a negative impact on the overall course of illness; and they may not be as effective as lithium in treating the core manic symptoms over the long term."( Antipsychotic drug side effect issues in bipolar manic patients.
Zarate, CA, 2000)
" Safety was evaluated through the collection of spontaneous adverse events and a specific questionnaire for extrapyramidal symptoms."( The safety of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotic drugs: results of an observational prospective study in patients with schizophrenia (EFESO Study). Pharmacoepidemiologic Study of Olanzapine in Schizophrenia.
Antón Saiz, C; Breier, A; Fontova Carbonell, E; Gómez, JC; Hernández, J; Ruiz Carrasco, P; Sacristán, JA, 2000)
" Overall incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the olanzapine group compared with the control group (p < ."( The safety of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotic drugs: results of an observational prospective study in patients with schizophrenia (EFESO Study). Pharmacoepidemiologic Study of Olanzapine in Schizophrenia.
Antón Saiz, C; Breier, A; Fontova Carbonell, E; Gómez, JC; Hernández, J; Ruiz Carrasco, P; Sacristán, JA, 2000)
"These results show that olanzapine is safe and effective in nonselected schizophrenic outpatients and are consistent with the efficacy and safety profile that olanzapine has shown in previous controlled clinical trials."( The safety of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotic drugs: results of an observational prospective study in patients with schizophrenia (EFESO Study). Pharmacoepidemiologic Study of Olanzapine in Schizophrenia.
Antón Saiz, C; Breier, A; Fontova Carbonell, E; Gómez, JC; Hernández, J; Ruiz Carrasco, P; Sacristán, JA, 2000)
" Olanzapine seems to be safe in this patient, since no major decreases of haematological parameters were observed."( Olanzapine appears haematologically safe in patients who developed blood dyscrasia on clozapine and risperidone.
Dernovsek, MZ; Tavcar, R, 2000)
" Although the incidence of serious adverse cardiac events in response to antipsychotic medications is relatively low, any possibility for the occurrence of cardiotoxicity warrants continued study."( Cardiac safety parameters of olanzapine: comparison with other atypical and typical antipsychotics.
Beasley, CM; Czekalla, J; Kollack-Walker, S, 2001)
" These findings suggest that intramuscular olanzapine is a safe and effective treatment for reducing acute agitation in patients with bipolar mania."( A double-blind, randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of intramuscular injections of olanzapine, lorazepam, or placebo in treating acutely agitated patients diagnosed with bipolar mania.
Breier, A; David, S; Janicak, P; Koch, M; Meehan, K; Rizk, R; Small, J; Tohen, M; Tran, P; Walker, D; Zhang, F, 2001)
" We conducted a survey of Spanish psychiatrists in mental health centers and outpatient treatment units to assess the severity scores that they would assign to a list of the most common adverse events (AEs) that usually occur with antipsychotic treatment."( Global index of safety (GIS): a new instrument to assess drug safety.
Badía, X; Gómez, JC; Kind, P; Sacristán, JA, 2001)
"In vitro receptor characterization methods, when done using physiologically relevant conditions allow accurate prediction of the relatively low rate of anticholinergic-like adverse events, extrapyramidal symptoms, and cardiovascular adverse events during treatment with OLZ."( A current review of olanzapine's safety in the geriatric patient: from pre-clinical pharmacology to clinical data.
Baker, RW; Beasley, CM; Bernauer, M; Breier, A; Bymaster, FP; Calligaro, DO; Dossenbach, M; Effron, MB; Felder, CC; Hay, D; Holcombe, JH; Kaiser, C; Kennedy, JS; Kinon, BJ; Nomikos, G; Roth, HJ; Schuh, L, 2001)
"Converging evidence indicates that, in controlled drug trials, individuals receiving novel antipsychotic medications have fewer adverse effects than those receiving conventional antipsychotic medications."( Short report: comparison of patient satisfaction and burden of adverse effects with novel and conventional neuroleptics: a naturalistic study.
Bromet, EJ; Davidson, M; Rabinowitz, J, 2001)
"Psychopharmacology research aims to expand the therapeutic ratio between efficacy, on the one hand, and adverse events and safety, on the other."( Psychotropic drugs and adverse events in the treatment of bipolar disorders revisited.
McIntyre, RS, 2002)
" Relatively little information on adverse events (AEs), specifically in children or adolescents taking atypical antipsychotics, is available."( Effects of development on olanzapine-associated adverse events.
Martin, A; McGlashan, TH; Spector, SG; Woods, SW, 2002)
" Safety was assessed through the collection of spontaneous adverse events and a specific extrapyramidal symptoms questionnaire (EPS)."( Safety of olanzapine versus conventional antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with acute schizophrenia. A naturalistic study.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M; Sacristán, JA, 2003)
" Other safety and tolerability endpoints included spontaneous adverse event reporting and changes from baseline in laboratory measures and vital signs."( A comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of divalproex sodium and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Sachs, G; Sommerville, KW; Swann, AC; Weisler, R; Wozniak, P; Zajecka, JM, 2002)
"05) greater proportion of olanzapine-treated subjects experienced somnolence, weight gain, edema, rhinitis, and speech disorder (slurred speech); no adverse events were significantly greater in the divalproex group."( A comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of divalproex sodium and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Sachs, G; Sommerville, KW; Swann, AC; Weisler, R; Wozniak, P; Zajecka, JM, 2002)
" Divalproex was associated with a more favorable adverse event profile and significantly less weight gain than olanzapine."( A comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of divalproex sodium and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Sachs, G; Sommerville, KW; Swann, AC; Weisler, R; Wozniak, P; Zajecka, JM, 2002)
" Olanzapine is one of the atypical antipsychotics with efficacy for psychotic symptoms and a safer side-effect profile than typical antipsychotics."( The efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the treatment of geriatric psychosis.
Hwang, JP; Lee, TW; Tsai, SJ; Yang, CH, 2003)
" Safety was evaluated in terms of the spontaneous adverse events reported and a specific questionnaire for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)."( Safety and effectiveness of olanzapine versus conventional antipsychotics in the acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenic inpatients.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2003)
"The results of this observational, naturalistic study show that olanzapine is safe and effective in a nonselected sample of acute, first-episode schizophrenic inpatients."( Safety and effectiveness of olanzapine versus conventional antipsychotics in the acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenic inpatients.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2003)
" This is because of their efficacy in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders, ease of administration, and absence of the well-known extrapyramidal adverse effects long-attributed to the standard dopamine blocking anti-psychotic medications."( Atypical psychotropic medications and their adverse effects: a review for the African-American primary care physician.
Bailey, RK, 2003)
"To assess the adverse events associated with the appropriate use of oral risperidone and oral olanzapine in long-term care patients with behavioral and psychotic disturbances associated with dementia."( Safety profile assessment of risperidone and olanzapine in long-term care patients with dementia.
Cornacchione, MJ; Deymann, S; Martin, H; Slyk, MP, )
" Adverse events of particular significance in the elderly population, including agitation/anxiety, laxative use, dry eyes, and falls, were collected from audited medical records."( Safety profile assessment of risperidone and olanzapine in long-term care patients with dementia.
Cornacchione, MJ; Deymann, S; Martin, H; Slyk, MP, )
"Among long-term care residents with dementia who received low doses of risperidone or olanzapine, the incidence of adverse events was low."( Safety profile assessment of risperidone and olanzapine in long-term care patients with dementia.
Cornacchione, MJ; Deymann, S; Martin, H; Slyk, MP, )
" Adverse events and scores on EPS rating scales were assessed."( A comparison of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine versus haloperidol during transition from intramuscular to oral therapy.
Birkett, M; Breier, A; Lindborg, SR; Meehan, K; Morris, P; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2003)
" Although the nature of adverse events differed between the two agents, retention in the study was greater with olanzapine."( Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol.
Green, AI; Gur, RE; Hamer, RM; Kahn, R; Lieberman, JA; McEvoy, J; Perkins, D; Sharma, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, G; Wei, H; Zipursky, R, 2003)
"Available toxicity data concerning olanzapine were obtained from the Offices of the Medical Examiners of Canada, the Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program and a review of the literature."( A review of olanzapine-associated toxicity and fatality in overdose.
Chue, P; Singer, P, 2003)
" Early signal detection and effective notification processes are crucial in the event that serious adverse effects do occur."( A review of olanzapine-associated toxicity and fatality in overdose.
Chue, P; Singer, P, 2003)
" Divalproex loading was as well tolerated or better tolerated than the other active treatments as measured by adverse events and changes in laboratory parameters."( The safety and early efficacy of oral-loaded divalproex versus standard-titration divalproex, lithium, olanzapine, and placebo in the treatment of acute mania associated with bipolar disorder.
Baker, JD; Hirschfeld, RM; Sommerville, KW; Tracy, K; Wozniak, P, 2003)
" Statistically significant differences of mean change of BAS total score from baseline to endpoint were noted between treatment groups Treatment--emergent adverse events occurred more frequently in patients receiving perphenazine (46%), than in patients receiving olanzapine (17%)."( [Safety and efficacy of olanzapine versus perphenazine in patients with schizophrenia: results of multicenter, 18-week, double-blind clinical trial].
Araszkiewicz, A; Bilikiewicz, A; Bomba, J; Chrzanowski, W; Debowska, G; Jarema, M; Landowski, J; Olajossy, M; Rybakowski, J, )
" Safety was assessed via adverse events, vital signs, laboratory analytes, electrocardiography, and extrapyramidal symptom measures."( Long-term antidepressant efficacy and safety of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination: a 76-week open-label study.
Andersen, SW; Corya, SA; Detke, HC; Dubé, S; Kelly, LS; Sanger, TM; Van Campen, LE; Williamson, DJ, 2003)
" The most frequently reported adverse events were somnolence, weight gain, dry mouth, increased appetite, and headache."( Long-term antidepressant efficacy and safety of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination: a 76-week open-label study.
Andersen, SW; Corya, SA; Detke, HC; Dubé, S; Kelly, LS; Sanger, TM; Van Campen, LE; Williamson, DJ, 2003)
" The aim of this paper is to review literature about newer antipsychotics, focusing on their advantages in terms of efficacy and side effect profiles when compared to classical and older atypical antipsychotics, and to evaluate the efficacy of the different new antipsychotics when compared to one another."( New antipsychotics and schizophrenia: a review on efficacy and side effects.
Berardi, D; De Ronchi, D; Lorenzi, C; Serretti, A, 2004)
" New compounds might show new or different adverse effects that arise in the post-marketing phase when a greater number of patients are treated."( Hyperglycemia associated with antipsychotic treatment in a multicenter drug safety project.
Degner, D; Grohmann, R; Hauser, U; Kropp, S; Rüther, E, 2004)
"Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is often regarded as a safe choice for psychosis management."( Severe cardiovascular side effects of olanzapine in an elderly patient: case report.
Hwang, JP; Lee, TW; Tsai, SJ, 2003)
" Safety measures included the recording of spontaneous adverse events and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)."( Safety and tolerability of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotics in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia: a naturalistic study.
Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Montes, JM; Olivares, JM, 2004)
"The incidence of overall adverse events and EPS was non-significantly lower in patients treated with olanzapine than in patients treated with other antipsychotics."( Safety and tolerability of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotics in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia: a naturalistic study.
Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Montes, JM; Olivares, JM, 2004)
"Results from this naturalistic study showed that olanzapine was as safe and effective as other antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia."( Safety and tolerability of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotics in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia: a naturalistic study.
Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Montes, JM; Olivares, JM, 2004)
"Five new antipsychotic drugs introduced in the United States in the last decade offer physicians the ability to treat patients with schizophrenia and bipolar mania without the adverse effects of the first-generation antipsychotics."( The promise of atypical antipsychotics: fewer side effects mean enhanced compliance and improved functioning.
Citrome, L; Volavka, J, 2004)
"Common adverse effect measures in psychiatric trials are typically analysed with repeated measures ANOVA, despite having distributions which violate key assumptions of that method; moreover, some adverse effects may be concentrated in vulnerable subgroups of participants."( More powerful two-sample tests for differences in repeated measures of adverse effects in psychiatric trials when only some patients may be at risk.
Arndt, S; Conley, RR; McMahon, RP, 2005)
"The global index of safety (GIS) is an adverse event (AE) based instrument designed to evaluate the safety profile of drugs."( The validity and reliability of the global index of safety (GIS).
Gómez, JC; Prieto, L; Sacristán, JA, 2004)
"The data presented here on inter-rater reliability estimates of adverse events related to antipsychotic drugs indicate that GIS is a promising alternative for the evaluation of the safety profile of drugs."( The validity and reliability of the global index of safety (GIS).
Gómez, JC; Prieto, L; Sacristán, JA, 2004)
" Olanzapine is potentially effective and safe in panic disorder."( Potential effectiveness and safety of olanzapine in refractory panic disorder.
Hollifield, M; Ruiz, JE; Thompson, PM; Uhlenhuth, EH, 2005)
" However, there are still significant adverse effects and toxicities with this class of medications."( Toxicology and overdose of atypical antipsychotic medications in children: does newer necessarily mean safer?
Dubois, D, 2005)
"Continued research to evaluate adverse effects and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics compared with first-generation antipsychotics and each other is reviewed."( Toxicology and overdose of atypical antipsychotic medications in children: does newer necessarily mean safer?
Dubois, D, 2005)
"While new atypical antipsychotic medications may have a safer therapeutic and overdose profile than first-generation antipsychotic medications, many adverse and toxic effects still need to be considered in therapeutic monitoring and overdose management."( Toxicology and overdose of atypical antipsychotic medications in children: does newer necessarily mean safer?
Dubois, D, 2005)
" Safety of antipsychotic therapy was assessed with an extrapyramidal symptoms questionnaire (based on the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser scale) and the report of spontaneous adverse events."( Safety, effectiveness, and patterns of use of olanzapine in acute schizophrenia: a multivariate analysis of a large naturalistic study in the hospital setting.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2005)
"Olanzapine is a safe and effective treatment for patients with acute schizophrenia in the hospital setting, even for patients with prominent positive or agitation symptoms."( Safety, effectiveness, and patterns of use of olanzapine in acute schizophrenia: a multivariate analysis of a large naturalistic study in the hospital setting.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2005)
" Data included safety assessments with an extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) questionnaire and the report of spontaneous adverse events, plus clinical assessments with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S)."( Safety and effectiveness of olanzapine in monotherapy: a multivariate analysis of a naturalistic study.
Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2005)
"Both drugs were well tolerated and their use was associated with fewer symptoms of schizophrenia and less adverse effects than were seen when the patients were taking a typical antipsychotic at baseline."( A comparison of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia: an open study of six months duration.
Ames, D; Chiu, E; Hall, K; Halliday, G; Harrigan, S; Hassett, A; Hustig, H; MacFarlane, S; Mastwyk, M; Nagalingam, V; O'Connor, DW; Opie, J; Ritchie, CW; Snowdon, J, 2006)
"These data agree with recent clinical reports concerning the direct or mediated toxic effects of olanzapine on progenitor and committed cells (GM-CFU) and suggest that the correlation between its plasma levels and clinical effects warrants further investigation."( In vitro toxicity of clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine on granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GM-CFU).
Bareggi, S; Bonomi, A; Cavicchini, L; Croera, C; Guizzardi, F; Pessina, A; Turlizzi, E, 2006)
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)
" Several clinical trials have not shown efficacy, and there have been concerns about adverse events."( Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
Dagerman, K; Insel, PS; Schneider, LS, 2006)
" Clinical and trials characteristics, outcomes, and adverse events were extracted."( Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
Dagerman, K; Insel, PS; Schneider, LS, 2006)
" Adverse events were mainly somnolence and urinary tract infection or incontinence across drugs, and extrapyramidal symptoms or abnormal gait with risperidone or olanzapine."( Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
Dagerman, K; Insel, PS; Schneider, LS, 2006)
" Dropouts and adverse events further limit effectiveness."( Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
Dagerman, K; Insel, PS; Schneider, LS, 2006)
" Although antipsychotics may be efficacious in this population, elderly patients with dementia may be particularly vulnerable to adverse events."( A review of treatment-emergent adverse events during olanzapine clinical trials in elderly patients with dementia.
Carlson, JL; Cavazzoni, PA; Jansen, JF; Jeste, DV; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Polzer, JP; Roddy, TE; Young, CA, 2006)
"Data from 6 studies comparing olanzapine to placebo, risperidone, or conventional antipsychotics in elderly patients with dementia were analyzed for mortality, cerebrovascular adverse events (CVAEs), and other adverse events."( A review of treatment-emergent adverse events during olanzapine clinical trials in elderly patients with dementia.
Carlson, JL; Cavazzoni, PA; Jansen, JF; Jeste, DV; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Polzer, JP; Roddy, TE; Young, CA, 2006)
" Most people did not have any adverse effects; 5 patients (15."( Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in elderly demented subjects: is the long lasting use of atypical antipsychotic drugs useful and safe?
Angelini, A; Bendini, C; Neri, M; Neviani, F, 2007)
" Safety was evaluated by recording treatment-emergent adverse events, vital signs, body weight and, when available, laboratory parameters."( [Safety and tolerability of olanzapine versus risperidone: a one-year randomized study in outpatients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms].
Alvarez, E; Bousoño, M; Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Olivares, JM, )
"0292) and risperidone patients reported significantly more sexual adverse events (21."( [Safety and tolerability of olanzapine versus risperidone: a one-year randomized study in outpatients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms].
Alvarez, E; Bousoño, M; Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Olivares, JM, )
"Significantly less treatment-emergent extrapyramidal and sexual adverse events were observed in patients treated with olanzapine compared to those treated with risperidone."( [Safety and tolerability of olanzapine versus risperidone: a one-year randomized study in outpatients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms].
Alvarez, E; Bousoño, M; Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Olivares, JM, )
" Safety outcome measures were all new clinical adverse events between the start of treatment (which could be before April 2003) and 30 November 2004."( Safety and usage of atypical antipsychotic medicines in children: a nationwide prospective cohort study.
Ashton, J; Garcia-Quiroga, J; Harrison-Woolrych, M; Herbison, P, 2007)
" A total of 131 (31%) children experienced an adverse event."( Safety and usage of atypical antipsychotic medicines in children: a nationwide prospective cohort study.
Ashton, J; Garcia-Quiroga, J; Harrison-Woolrych, M; Herbison, P, 2007)
"Severely agitated patients responded rapidly after a single injection of olanzapine with mild levels of sedation and without serious treatment-emergent adverse events."( An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of intramuscular olanzapine in the treatment of acute agitation in patients with bipolar mania or schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder.
Ahl, J; Centorrino, F; Cincotta, SL; Gulliver, AH; Houston, JP; Kinon, BJ; Meyers, AL; Zun, L, 2007)
" Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring during the pivotal trials revealed statistically significant NNH versus placebo (or placebo equivalent) for aripiprazole for headache (NNH = 20, 95% CI = 11 to 170) and nausea (NNH = 17, 95% CI = 11 to 38), for ziprasidone in the treatment of headache (NNH = 15, 95% CI = 8 to 703), and for olanzapine in treatment-emergent hypotension (NNH = 50, 95% CI = 30 to 154)."( Comparison of intramuscular ziprasidone, olanzapine, or aripiprazole for agitation: a quantitative review of efficacy and safety.
Citrome, L, 2007)
" There were 30 treatment-emergent adverse events with six serious cases, assessed as unrelated to study drug, reported."( Effectiveness and safety of olanzapine in the treatment of Asian outpatients with schizophrenia.
Budiman, R; Buenaventura, R; Chaudhry, HR; Gondoyoewono, H; Habil, MH; Hamid, AR; Hashmi, IT; Knowles, AG; Samanwongthai, U, 2007)
" In addition, adverse events were also evaluated."( [A naturalistic, observational study of outpatients with schizophrenia: efficacy and safety results after 6 months. The International Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study, IC-SOHO].
Agoston, T; István, S; Tamás, T; Zoltán, J, 2007)
"A formalized policy was developed to warn of the potential for adverse events associated with the use of intramuscular olanzapine in combination with injectable benzodiazepines."( Optimizing patient safety by preventing combined use of intramuscular olanzapine and parenteral benzodiazepines.
Naso, AR, 2008)
" Based on recent criteria for pediatric populations, patients were considered "at risk for adverse health outcome" if they met at least 1 of the following criteria: (1) > or = 85th BMI percentile plus presence of 1 or more negative weight-related clinical outcomes, or (2) > or = 95th BMI percentile."( Metabolic and hormonal side effects in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics.
Arango, C; Cifuentes, A; Fraguas, D; Giráldez, M; Laita, P; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, D; Parellada, M; Ruiz-Sancho, A, 2008)
" The number of patients at risk for adverse health outcome increased from 11 (16."( Metabolic and hormonal side effects in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics.
Arango, C; Cifuentes, A; Fraguas, D; Giráldez, M; Laita, P; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, D; Parellada, M; Ruiz-Sancho, A, 2008)
" Limited data is available concerning the toxic effects of olanzapine after deliberate overdose."( Prolonged toxicity after massive olanzapine overdose: two cases with confirmatory laboratory data.
Tse, GH; Waring, WS; Warner, MH, 2008)
" Sample size was reduced from 311 to 156 patients, thereby decreasing the number of patients exposed to placebo from 54 to 30 and the number exposed to the active control with a known side effect from 126 to 60."( Bayesian adaptive non-inferiority with safety assessment: retrospective case study to highlight potential benefits and limitations of the approach.
Baker, R; Breier, A; Dunayevich, E; Lindborg, S; Seaman, J; Spann, M, 2009)
" In the overall adolescent olanzapine exposure database, the most common adverse events included increased weight (31."( The safety of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a pooled analysis of 4 clinical trials.
Carlson, JL; Dittmann, RW; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Merida, KM; Robertson-Plouch, CK; Xu, W, 2009)
"The types of adverse events in olanzapine-treated adolescents appear to be similar to those of adults."( The safety of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a pooled analysis of 4 clinical trials.
Carlson, JL; Dittmann, RW; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Merida, KM; Robertson-Plouch, CK; Xu, W, 2009)
" Outcome measures included: treatment-emergent adverse events, concomitant psychotropic medication and the time taken to switch to oral medication."( Intramuscular olanzapine vs. intramuscular short-acting antipsychotics: safety, tolerability and the switch to oral antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia or acute mania.
Chandrasena, R; Dvoráková, D; Karagianis, J; Lee, SI; Loza, N; Mosolov, SN; Osváth, P; Pregelj, P; Treuer, T; Walton, RJ, 2009)
"Fewer patients in the IM olanzapine group experienced an adverse event than patients in the other IM antipsychotic group (34."( Intramuscular olanzapine vs. intramuscular short-acting antipsychotics: safety, tolerability and the switch to oral antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia or acute mania.
Chandrasena, R; Dvoráková, D; Karagianis, J; Lee, SI; Loza, N; Mosolov, SN; Osváth, P; Pregelj, P; Treuer, T; Walton, RJ, 2009)
" The toxic effects of cocaine can be attenuated by antagonists of serotonin, muscarinic cholinergic, and dopamine receptors."( The effect of olanzapine pretreatment on acute cocaine toxicity in mice.
Cleveland, NR; Heard, KJ; Krier, S, 2009)
"A Lilly-maintained safety database was searched for all spontaneous adverse events (AEs) reported in temporal association with olanzapine IM treatment."( Case reports of postmarketing adverse event experiences with olanzapine intramuscular treatment in patients with agitation.
Baker, RW; Carlson, JL; Cavazzoni, PA; Dawe, IC; Dellva, MA; Dunayevich, E; Falk, DM; Karagianis, JL; Marder, SR; Sorsaburu, S, 2010)
" Adverse effects (n = 15), inadequate efficacy (n = 14), or study nonadherence (n = 8) were the most common reasons for discontinuation."( Double-blind maintenance safety and effectiveness findings from the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum (TEOSS) study.
Findling, RL; Frazier, JA; Hamer, RM; Hlastala, S; Johnson, JL; Kaufman, EM; Lieberman, JA; Lingler, J; Maloney, AE; McClellan, J; McNamara, NK; Noyes, N; Pierson, L; Puglia, M; Ritz, L; Sikich, L; Vitiello, B, 2010)
"RLAI and OP show good short- and long-term safety when treating patients with schizophrenia, with uncommon discontinuation due to adverse effects."( Long-acting atypical injectable antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: safety and tolerability review.
Cañas, F; Möller, HJ, 2010)
"5, and 5mg/kg/day) administration caused no observable adverse effects."( Two models for weight gain and hyperphagia as side effects of atypical antipsychotics in male rats: validation with olanzapine and ziprasidone.
Harada, K; Irie, M; Kayama, Y; Kondo, Y; Matsuoka, N; Mihara, T; Ni, K; Shobo, M; Yamada, H, 2011)
" Safety measures included differences in the frequencies of adverse events along with measures of extrapyramidal symptoms, weight, glucose, and lipid changes over time."( Impact of race on efficacy and safety during treatment with olanzapine in schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder.
Conley, R; Durell, T; Gatz, J; Hoffmann, VP; Kollack-Walker, S; Piezer, KW; Sniadecki, JL; Stauffer, VL, 2010)
"Analyses of several safety and efficacy parameters revealed significant associations with dose of olanzapine LAI, with the highest dose generally showing greater efficacy as well as greater adverse changes in metabolic safety measures."( Dose-associated changes in safety and efficacy parameters observed in a 24-week maintenance trial of olanzapine long-acting injection in patients with schizophrenia.
Hill, AL; Karagianis, JL; McDonnell, DP; Sun, B; Watson, SB, 2011)
" Based on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes, regulatory agencies recommended the use of continuous telemetry or advising against the intravenous administration in general."( Comparative safety of antipsychotics in the WHO pharmacovigilance database: the haloperidol case.
Guglielmo, BJ; Meier, CR; Meyer-Massetti, C; Rätz Bravo, AE; Vaerini, S, 2011)
"While regulatory agencies advise against the use of intravenous haloperidol, review of VigiBase does not reveal that the intravenous route is any more likely to be associated with cardiac adverse events."( Comparative safety of antipsychotics in the WHO pharmacovigilance database: the haloperidol case.
Guglielmo, BJ; Meier, CR; Meyer-Massetti, C; Rätz Bravo, AE; Vaerini, S, 2011)
" The most common adverse events were sedation, self-reported weight gain, ≥7% increase in body weight, dizziness, and akathisia."( Safety and efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in treatment-resistant bipolar mania: a 12-week open-label study.
Calabrese, JR; Chan, P; Chen, J; Conroy, C; Fang, Y; Ganocy, SJ; Gao, K; Kemp, DE; Muzina, DJ; Serrano, MB, 2011)
"These preliminary results suggest that olanzapine monotherapy is effective and relatively safe in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar mania."( Safety and efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in treatment-resistant bipolar mania: a 12-week open-label study.
Calabrese, JR; Chan, P; Chen, J; Conroy, C; Fang, Y; Ganocy, SJ; Gao, K; Kemp, DE; Muzina, DJ; Serrano, MB, 2011)
" Safety measures included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), weight and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs)."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine in the treatment of Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder in a current manic or mixed episode: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and haloperidol-controlled study.
Higuchi, T; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; Takahashi, M; Takita, Y; Tohen, M, 2012)
" Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, weight, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs)."( Safety and efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy and olanzapine with a mood stabilizer in 18-week treatment of manic/mixed episodes for Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder.
Higuchi, T; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; Takahashi, M; Takita, Y; Tohen, M, 2012)
"There were no deaths or serious adverse events considered potentially related to olanzapine in the monotherapy group (N = 100) or the combination-therapy group (N = 39)."( Safety and efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy and olanzapine with a mood stabilizer in 18-week treatment of manic/mixed episodes for Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder.
Higuchi, T; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; Takahashi, M; Takita, Y; Tohen, M, 2012)
" Adverse event (AE) incidence was lower during the extension (asenapine, 62%; olanzapine, 55%) than during the core study (78%, 80%)."( Long-term efficacy and safety of asenapine or olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: an extension study.
Emsley, R; Naber, D; Panagides, J; Schoemaker, J; Stet, L; Vrijland, P, 2012)
"This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the effects of treatment with an atypical antipsychotic drug (olanzapine or risperidone) on quality of life (QoL) and to document adverse effects in 115 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who attended the ambulatory service of Hospital Dr."( Quality of life and adverse effects of olanzapine versus risperidone therapy in patients with schizophrenia.
Chaves, KM; de Araújo Júnior, RF; de Araújo, AA; de Paula Soares Rachetti, V; do Socorro Costa Feitosa Alves, M; Filgueira Júnior, A; Guerra, GC; Ribeiro, SB; Serrano-Blanco, A; Soares, LA, 2013)
" They had similar safety profiles with respect to the total incidence of adverse events."( The efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of treatment with sertindole or olanzapine in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond successfully to their previous treatments: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, flexible-dose study.
Cai, ZJ; Hwang, JY; Kwon, JS; Mittoux, A; Ong, A; Su, TP, 2012)
"Atypical antipsychotic agents have been associated with cerebrovascular adverse events, particularly in elderly dementia patients."( Comparative risk of cerebrovascular adverse events in community-dwelling older adults using risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine: a multiple propensity score-adjusted retrospective cohort study.
Aparasu, RR; Chatterjee, S; Chen, H; Johnson, ML, 2012)
"16) was associated with a decrease in the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events compared with olanzapine."( Comparative risk of cerebrovascular adverse events in community-dwelling older adults using risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine: a multiple propensity score-adjusted retrospective cohort study.
Aparasu, RR; Chatterjee, S; Chen, H; Johnson, ML, 2012)
" Prescribers should closely monitor the patients treated with atypical agents for the incidence of cerebrovascular adverse events."( Comparative risk of cerebrovascular adverse events in community-dwelling older adults using risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine: a multiple propensity score-adjusted retrospective cohort study.
Aparasu, RR; Chatterjee, S; Chen, H; Johnson, ML, 2012)
"Primary metabolic markers (body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), percentage of patients who stay on the randomly assigned atypical antipsychotic for at least 6 months, psychopathology, percentage of patients who develop metabolic syndrome, and percentage of patients who develop serious and nonserious adverse events."( Comparison of longer-term safety and effectiveness of 4 atypical antipsychotics in patients over age 40: a trial using equipoise-stratified randomization.
Arndt, S; Glorioso, DK; Golshan, S; Henry, R; Jeste, DV; Jin, H; Kraemer, HC; Mudaliar, S; Shih, PA, 2013)
"Because of a high incidence of serious adverse events, quetiapine was discontinued midway through the trial."( Comparison of longer-term safety and effectiveness of 4 atypical antipsychotics in patients over age 40: a trial using equipoise-stratified randomization.
Arndt, S; Glorioso, DK; Golshan, S; Henry, R; Jeste, DV; Jin, H; Kraemer, HC; Mudaliar, S; Shih, PA, 2013)
" Double-blind, randomized, controlled trials investigating the metabolic adverse effects (weight gain, lipid, glucose, and prolactin level abnormalities) associated with atypical antipsychotic use in children and adolescents aged ≤ 18 years were included, irrespective of whether the investigation of adverse effects was a primary or secondary endpoint."( Weight gain and other metabolic adverse effects associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Aitchison, KJ; Almandil, NB; Besag, FM; Liu, Y; Murray, ML; Wong, IC, 2013)
"As part of the FP7 ARITMO (Arrhythmogenic Potential of Drugs) project, we explored the publicly available US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to detect signals of torsadogenicity for antipsychotics (APs)."( Antipsychotics and torsadogenic risk: signals emerging from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.
Behr, ER; De Ponti, F; Koci, A; Moretti, U; Poluzzi, E; Raschi, E; Spina, E; Sturkenboom, M, 2013)
" The aim of this study was to identify genetic markers predictive of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse effects of olanzapine."( Polymorphisms influencing olanzapine metabolism and adverse effects in healthy subjects.
Abad-Santos, F; Cabaleiro, T; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Ochoa, D; Román, M, 2013)
" The relationship of gender and polymorphisms with olanzapine pharmacokinetics, the change in prolactin levels, and the incidence of adverse effects were evaluated by multiple regression analysis."( Polymorphisms influencing olanzapine metabolism and adverse effects in healthy subjects.
Abad-Santos, F; Cabaleiro, T; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Ochoa, D; Román, M, 2013)
" Polymorphisms in CYP2C9, TPMT, UGT1A1, MDR1, and 5-HTR2A were related to some adverse effects of olanzapine."( Polymorphisms influencing olanzapine metabolism and adverse effects in healthy subjects.
Abad-Santos, F; Cabaleiro, T; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Ochoa, D; Román, M, 2013)
" A greater proportion of olanzapine-treated patients reported treatment- emergent adverse events (87."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for treatment of patients with bipolar depression: Japanese subpopulation analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Case, M; Fujikoshi, S; Gomez, JC; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; McDonnell, DP; Takahashi, M; Tohen, M, 2013)
"5%) in the SOC group discontinued due to adverse events (physician and subject decision combined, P = ."( A long-term, phase 2, multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative safety study of pomaglumetad methionil (LY2140023 monohydrate) versus atypical antipsychotic standard of care in patients with schizophrenia.
Adams, DH; Baygani, S; Kinon, BJ; Kollack-Walker, S; Millen, BA; Velona, I; Walling, DP, 2013)
"These data provide further evidence that the potential antipsychotic LY2140023 monohydrate, with a glutamatergic mechanism of action, may have a unique tolerability profile characterized by a low association with some adverse events such as extrapyramidal symptoms and weight gain that may characterize currently available dopaminergic antipsychotics."( A long-term, phase 2, multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative safety study of pomaglumetad methionil (LY2140023 monohydrate) versus atypical antipsychotic standard of care in patients with schizophrenia.
Adams, DH; Baygani, S; Kinon, BJ; Kollack-Walker, S; Millen, BA; Velona, I; Walling, DP, 2013)
" In these infants, the most commonly reported adverse events were somnolence (3."( Olanzapine in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a review of data from global safety surveillance.
Brunner, E; Dey, DK; Falk, DM; Jones, M; Shatapathy, CC, 2013)
"Rats are used as animal models in the study of antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects, with oral drug administration yielding hyperphagia, weight gain and, in some cases, lipogenic effects."( Olanzapine depot formulation in rat: a step forward in modelling antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects.
Berge, RK; Fernø, J; López, M; Martins, L; Skrede, S; Steen, VM, 2014)
" The safety was evaluated by the Udvalg Kliniske Undersogelser side effect rating scale."( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium.
Choi, SH; Choi, WJ; Kim, JJ; Park, JY; Park, KM; Seok, JH; Yoon, HJ, 2013)
" Fifteen subjects experienced a few adverse events, but there were no significant differences in adverse event profiles among the four groups."( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium.
Choi, SH; Choi, WJ; Kim, JJ; Park, JY; Park, KM; Seok, JH; Yoon, HJ, 2013)
"Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine were equally efficacious and safe in the treatment of delirium."( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium.
Choi, SH; Choi, WJ; Kim, JJ; Park, JY; Park, KM; Seok, JH; Yoon, HJ, 2013)
" Spontaneously reported adverse events were recorded at each visit."( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of olanzapine long-acting injection: an open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized study in patients with schizophrenia.
Bergstrom, R; Jen, KY; Johnson, J; Kothare, P; McDonnell, D; Mitchell, M; Walker, D; Zhao, F, 2013)
" The common adverse events were injection site pain, anxiety, sedation, insomnia, somnolence, and headache, and the safety profile for olanzapine LAI was comparable to that of oral olanzapine, except for injection site-related adverse events."( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of olanzapine long-acting injection: an open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized study in patients with schizophrenia.
Bergstrom, R; Jen, KY; Johnson, J; Kothare, P; McDonnell, D; Mitchell, M; Walker, D; Zhao, F, 2013)
" Six additional criteria were applied in order to target the subgroup of patients most likely to have experienced an adverse event due to treatment with olanzapine."( Adverse effects associated with high-dose olanzapine therapy in patients admitted to inpatient psychiatric care.
Andersen, SE; Christensen, M; Larsen, HL; Petersen, AB, 2014)
" Extrapyramidal symptoms and sedation were the most frequent adverse events with frequencies of 27% and 25%, respectively."( Adverse effects associated with high-dose olanzapine therapy in patients admitted to inpatient psychiatric care.
Andersen, SE; Christensen, M; Larsen, HL; Petersen, AB, 2014)
" In order to prevent harmful outcomes, the clinicians should be ready to act appropriately if toxic effects of olanzapine occur."( Adverse effects associated with high-dose olanzapine therapy in patients admitted to inpatient psychiatric care.
Andersen, SE; Christensen, M; Larsen, HL; Petersen, AB, 2014)
"The purpose of this project was to provide evidence-based guidance concerning when and how it is appropriate to undertake elective changes in antipsychotic medications in order to reduce adverse effects, with a focus on those adverse effects associated with increased long-term health risks."( Switching antipsychotic medications to reduce adverse event burden in schizophrenia: establishing evidence-based practice.
Buchanan, RW; Newcomer, JW; Weiden, PJ, 2013)
" Mice treated with PGW5 (25 and 50mg/kg/d) for 28 days did not show toxic effects in terms of weight gain and blood-chemistry analysis."( A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia.
Bidder, M; Gil-Ad, I; Kramer, M; Portnoy, M; Taler, M; Tarasenko, I; Weizman, A, 2014)
"PGW5 is a novel and safe antipsychotic, efficacious against schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms at nonsedative doses."( A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia.
Bidder, M; Gil-Ad, I; Kramer, M; Portnoy, M; Taler, M; Tarasenko, I; Weizman, A, 2014)
" Safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events and changes in metabolic parameters."( Safety and efficacy of olanzapine in the long-term treatment of Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder, depression: an integrated analysis.
Case, M; Fujikoshi, S; Gomez, JC; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; McDonnell, DP; Takahashi, M; Tohen, M, 2014)
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse event was weight increased (47."( Safety and efficacy of olanzapine in the long-term treatment of Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder, depression: an integrated analysis.
Case, M; Fujikoshi, S; Gomez, JC; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; McDonnell, DP; Takahashi, M; Tohen, M, 2014)
" We report here the results of a pooled analysis of injection site-related adverse events (AEs) collected during treatment with the olanzapine long-acting injection (olanzapine LAI)."( A pooled analysis of injection site-related adverse events in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine long-acting injection.
Atkins, S; Case, MG; Detke, HC; McDonnell, DP; Wang, S, 2014)
"More than 50 % of individuals affected by adverse drug events (ADEs) are older adults."( Quantitative drug benefit-risk assessment: utility of modeling and simulation to optimize drug safety in older adults.
Crentsil, V; Jackson, A; Lee, J, 2014)
"Our study introduces a real-world approach for finding the safe drug dosing regimen without extensive exposure of a vulnerable and older population to drugs."( Quantitative drug benefit-risk assessment: utility of modeling and simulation to optimize drug safety in older adults.
Crentsil, V; Jackson, A; Lee, J, 2014)
" Both groups reported insomnia as the most common treatment-emergent adverse event, and no serious adverse event was reported."( A double-blind, randomized comparison study of efficacy and safety of intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia and acute agitated behavior.
Chan, HY; Chen, CK; Chen, JJ; Chen, YS; Chou, SY; Ree, SC; Su, LW, 2014)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, whose chronic use has been associated with the development of potential adverse effects such as weight gain and cardio-metabolic disorders like hypercholesterolemia and diabetes."( Nanoencapsulation of olanzapine increases its efficacy in antipsychotic treatment and reduces adverse effects.
Burger, ME; Dimer, FA; Friedrich, RB; Guterres, SS; Ortiz, M; Pase, CS; Pohlmann, AR; Roversi, K, 2014)
" The five-dimension EuroQoL (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate QoL, and side effects were assessed using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and the Simpson-Angus Scale."( Quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: the impact of socio-economic factors and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics drugs.
Chaves, KM; de Araújo Dantas, D; de Araújo, AA; de Araújo, RF; de Lima Silva, V; de Medeiros, CA; de Souza, DL; do Nascimento, GG; Ribeiro, SB, 2014)
"The primary aim of the present study was to assess the possible associations between dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic system-related genes and adverse events after antipsychotic treatment in paranoid schizophrenia patients."( Pharmacogenetics of adverse events in schizophrenia treatment: comparison study of ziprasidone, olanzapine and perazine.
Beszlej, A; Bienkowski, P; Frydecka, D; Grzywacz, A; Mierzejewski, P; Samochowiec, A; Samochowiec, J; Trześniowska-Drukała, B; Tybura, P, 2014)
" Clozapine and olanzapine have the safest therapeutic effect, while the side effect of neutropenia must be controlled by 3 weekly blood controls."( Safety of antipsychotic drugs: focus on therapeutic and adverse effects.
Coveñas, R; Werner, FM, 2014)
" All studies in English reporting adverse effects associated with olanzapine use in children younger than 13 years or with a mean/median age less than 13 years were included."( The safety of olanzapine in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dupuis, LL; Dvorak, CC; Flank, J; Spettigue, W; Sung, L, 2014)
"No studies were identified with a primary focus on evaluating safety, and the adverse effects reported in the included studies were heterogeneous."( The safety of olanzapine in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dupuis, LL; Dvorak, CC; Flank, J; Spettigue, W; Sung, L, 2014)
"Most adverse events associated with olanzapine use in children less than 13 years of age are of minor clinical significance."( The safety of olanzapine in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dupuis, LL; Dvorak, CC; Flank, J; Spettigue, W; Sung, L, 2014)
"The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side-effect profile of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol with that of the atypical antipsychotics risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole in the management of delirium."( Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects.
Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Jenewein, J, 2015)
"The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale, and a side-effect rating were recorded at baseline (T1), after 2-3 days (T2), and after 4-7 days (T3)."( Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects.
Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Jenewein, J, 2015)
"Haloperidol, risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine were equally effective in the management of delirium; however, they differed in terms of their side-effect profile."( Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects.
Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Jenewein, J, 2015)
"The reports submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 1997 to 2011 were reviewed to assess serious adverse events induced by the administration of antipsychotics to children."( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database.
Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)
" Signals in the data that signified a drug-associated adverse event were detected via quantitative data mining algorithms."( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database.
Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)
" Significant signals of the QT prolongation adverse event were detected only for ziprasidone and risperidone."( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database.
Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)
"It was suggested that there is a level of diversity in the strength of the association between various first- and second-generation antipsychotics with associated serious adverse events, which possibly lead to fatal outcomes."( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database.
Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)
" There were no grade 3 or 4 adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with aprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy in gynecological cancer: KCOG-G1301 phase II trial.
Abe, M; Hihara, H; Hirakawa, T; Hirashima, Y; Ichikawa, Y; Ito, K; Itonaga, Y; Kado, N; Kasamatsu, Y; Komeda, S; Kuji, S; Miyagi, K; Murakami, J; Nasu, K; Takahashi, N; Takekuma, M; Tanaka, A, 2016)
" EPS were assessed at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after naturalistic SGA initiation for schizophrenia, mood, disruptive behavior, and autism spectrum disorders using the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and Treatment Emergent Side Effect Scale."( Neuromotor Adverse Effects in 342 Youth During 12 Weeks of Naturalistic Treatment With 5 Second-Generation Antipsychotics.
Al-Jadiri, A; Azzo, S; Carbon, M; Correll, CU; Kane, JM; Kapoor, S; Saito, E; Sarkaria, T; Sheridan, E, 2015)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic, clinical, and treatment factors that may impact on neurological adverse effects in naive and quasi-naive children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics."( Neurological Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents.
Alda, JA; Andrés Nestares, P; Arango, C; Baeza, I; Cantarero, CM; Castro-Fornieles, J; de la Serna, E; Garcia-Amador, M; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, C; Muñoz, D; Tapia, C, 2015)
" Total dyskinesia score (DyskinesiaS) and total Parkinson score (ParkinsonS) were calculated from the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center Involuntary Movement Scale, total UKU-Cognition score was calculated from the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale."( Neurological Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents.
Alda, JA; Andrés Nestares, P; Arango, C; Baeza, I; Cantarero, CM; Castro-Fornieles, J; de la Serna, E; Garcia-Amador, M; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, C; Muñoz, D; Tapia, C, 2015)
"Antipsychotics increased neurological adverse effects in a naive and quasi-naive pediatric population and should be carefully monitored."( Neurological Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents.
Alda, JA; Andrés Nestares, P; Arango, C; Baeza, I; Cantarero, CM; Castro-Fornieles, J; de la Serna, E; Garcia-Amador, M; Merchán-Naranjo, J; Moreno, C; Muñoz, D; Tapia, C, 2015)
"Olanzapine is efficacious and safe when used as a prophylaxis for CINV."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) as reported in phase I and II studies: a systematic review.
Chiu, L; Chiu, N; Chow, E; Chow, R; DeAngelis, C; Lam, H; Navari, R; Pasetka, M; Passik, S; Popovic, M, 2016)
"Data were assessed from an ongoing, multinational, prospective, observational post-authorisation safety study being conducted to evaluate post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS), an adverse reaction that can occur following injection of olanzapine LAI."( Baseline characteristics and hospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia receiving olanzapine long-acting injection: an interim analysis from a non-interventional, prospective observational safety study.
Andrews, JS; Chhabra-Khanna, R; Detke, HC; Faries, DE; Jones, ME; Landry, J; McDonnell, DP; Xu, J, 2015)
" Case reports, case series, and prospective or cross-sectional studies including relevant data such as relative infant dose (RID), milk-to-plasma ratio (M/P ratio), infant drug plasma levels, and adverse events were identified."( Second-Generation Antipsychotics During the Lactation Period: A Comparative Systematic Review on Infant Safety.
Uguz, F, 2016)
" Other than clozapine, adverse events were rarely reported in infants exposed to SGAs."( Second-Generation Antipsychotics During the Lactation Period: A Comparative Systematic Review on Infant Safety.
Uguz, F, 2016)
"The current data suggest that SGAs seem to be relatively safe in the exposed breastfed infants for short-term usage."( Second-Generation Antipsychotics During the Lactation Period: A Comparative Systematic Review on Infant Safety.
Uguz, F, 2016)
" However, when the patient switched to olanzapine, she developed the ocular side effect as described for chlorpromazine-induced ocular toxicity, with pigmentary depositions on both corneas and the anterior lens surface and decrease in vision."( A Case Report: Anti-Psychotic Agents Related Ocular Toxicity.
Choy, BNK; Fan, MCY; Lai, JSM; Ng, ALK; Shum, JWH, 2016)
" Efficacy measures, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and other scales, safety measures, side effect measures, and quality of life were assessed regularly."( A randomized, double-blind, comparison of the efficacy and safety of low-dose olanzapine plus low-dose trifluoperazine versus full-dose olanzapine in the acute treatment of schizophrenia.
Chen, CC; Huang, YH; Lin, CH; Lin, SC; Wang, FC, 2017)
"Both groups were similar in: 1) baseline characteristics, 2) score changes in all efficacy measures, safety measures, side effect measures, and quality of life, and 3) response rates at each visit."( A randomized, double-blind, comparison of the efficacy and safety of low-dose olanzapine plus low-dose trifluoperazine versus full-dose olanzapine in the acute treatment of schizophrenia.
Chen, CC; Huang, YH; Lin, CH; Lin, SC; Wang, FC, 2017)
"Polypharmacy is as efficacious and safe as, but cheaper than, monotherapy in the acute treatment of schizophrenia."( A randomized, double-blind, comparison of the efficacy and safety of low-dose olanzapine plus low-dose trifluoperazine versus full-dose olanzapine in the acute treatment of schizophrenia.
Chen, CC; Huang, YH; Lin, CH; Lin, SC; Wang, FC, 2017)
" The safety outcomes were the adverse events associated with olanzapine according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nimworapan, M; Permsuwan, U; Yoodee, J, 2017)
" Drowsiness and constipation were the most reported adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nimworapan, M; Permsuwan, U; Yoodee, J, 2017)
"Olanzapine is effective and safe at reducing during the delayed and overall phase of the CINV prevention."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nimworapan, M; Permsuwan, U; Yoodee, J, 2017)
"Weight gain is an important side effect of most atypical antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine."( Metabolic side effects induced by olanzapine treatment are neutralized by CB1 receptor antagonist compounds co-administration in female rats.
Lazzari, P; Marcello, S; Mastinu, A; Pira, M; Serra, V, 2017)
"The present paper discusses the design, characterization and in vivo evaluation of glyceryl monostearate nanoparticles of Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug for acute schizophrenia treatment, during which hospitalization is mandatory and adverse effects are at its peak."( Design and in vivo evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticulate systems of Olanzapine for acute phase schizophrenia treatment: Investigations on antipsychotic potential and adverse effects.
Balwani, G; Joseph, E; Reddi, S; Rinwa, V; Saha, R, 2017)
"Our findings provide evidence suggesting that the metabolic adverse effects of olanzapine may aggravate cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia through an interaction between BDNF and TNF-alpha."( Metabolic adverse effects of olanzapine on cognitive dysfunction: A possible relationship between BDNF and TNF-alpha.
Cai, J; Chen, M; Fan, W; Fang, X; Mao, Y; Song, L; Tang, W; Yao, P; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2017)
"There is strong evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications are associated with metabolic adverse events."( Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Metabolic Side Effects: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies.
Bresee, L; Hirsch, L; Jette, N; Patten, S; Pringsheim, T; Yang, J, 2017)
" However, clozapine and olanzapine were consistently more strongly associated with metabolic adverse events than were other SGAs currently available."( Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Metabolic Side Effects: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies.
Bresee, L; Hirsch, L; Jette, N; Patten, S; Pringsheim, T; Yang, J, 2017)
"Olanzapine seems safe when used for a variety of conditions in pediatric emergency patients."( The Use, Safety, and Efficacy of Olanzapine in a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center Emergency Department Over a 10-Year Period.
Blanchard, SR; Cole, JB; Klein, LR; Martel, ML; Nahum, R; Strobel, AM, 2020)
" This paper provides a review of the principles of antipsychotic switching and discusses pharmacological principles underlying adverse events that occur while switching olanzapine to another antipsychotic medication."( Switch-associated adverse events: focus on olanzapine.
Krishnaswamy, S; Xu, L, 2018)
"Few publications explore olanzapine switch-related adverse events, the underlying pharmacological principles and appropriate switching strategies to minimise the risk of adverse events."( Switch-associated adverse events: focus on olanzapine.
Krishnaswamy, S; Xu, L, 2018)
"With the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) widely applied to treat patients with schizophrenia, adverse effects, especially the metabolic syndrome (MetS), were paid more attention following by the efficacy of SGAs."( Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture on metabolic syndrome due to olanzapine and risperidone: Study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial.
Chen, P; Jia, H; Ning, Y; Yin, D; Zhu, H, 2019)
" The effect size, remission/response rate, and risk for discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs), weight gain (WG), nervous systems and gastrointestinal AEs were assessed and compared between two regions with Cohen's d or number needed to treat/harm."( Do Asian and North American patients with bipolar disorder have similar efficacy, tolerability, and safety profile during clinical trials with atypical antipsychotics?
Bai, Y; Chen, G; Gao, K; Yang, H, 2020)
"The addition of olanzapine to ondansetron and dexamethasone significantly improved CINV prevention and was safe in patients receiving HEC."( The efficacy and safety of the addition of olanzapine to ondansetron and dexamethasone for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Angspatt, P; Chenaksara, P; Parinyanitikun, N; Poovorawan, N; Sakdejayont, S; Sriuranpong, V; Sukprakun, S; Tanasanvimon, S; Thawinwisan, W; Vimolchalao, V; Vinayanuwatikun, C; Wongchanapai, P, 2020)
" Although the olanzapine treatment is associated with disturbed electrical heart activity, the exact mechanism underlying this severe adverse effect remains unclear."( Olanzapine-mediated cardiotoxicity is associated with altered energy metabolism in isolated rat hearts.
Arnold, M; Carrel, T; Grman, M; Gulac, P; Longnus, S; Stankovicova, T; Tomasova, L, 2020)
" Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 54."( Efficacy and Safety of a Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan in Adult Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia: Outcomes From the Randomized, Phase 3 ENLIGHTEN-1 Study.
DiPetrillo, L; Jiang, Y; Kunovac, J; McDonnell, D; Potkin, SG; Silverman, BL; Simmons, A, 2020)
" Assessments included adverse events (AEs), weight, vital signs, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores."( Long-term safety and durability of effect with a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label extension study.
Arevalo, C; Graham, C; Jiang, Y; McDonnell, D; Simmons, A; Yagoda, S, 2021)
" The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events with INP105 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg was 80%, 66."( The SNAP 101 Double-Blind, Placebo/Active-Controlled, Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of INP105 (Nasal Olanzapine) in Healthy Adults.
Craig, KL; Hocevar-Trnka, J; Hoekman, J; Lickliter, JD; Satterly, KH; Shrewsbury, SB, 2020)
"To assess adverse events (AEs) and safety of aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA) treatment."( Safety and cardiovascular effects of multiple-dose administration of aripiprazole and olanzapine in a randomised clinical trial.
Abad-Santos, F; Almenara, S; Koller, D; Martín, S; Mejía, G; Navares-Gómez, M; Ochoa, D; Román, M; Romero-Palacián, D; Saiz-Rodríguez, M; Wojnicz, A; Zubiaur, P, 2021)
" The most frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to ARI were somnolence, headache, insomnia, dizziness, restlessness, palpitations, akathisia and nausea while were somnolence, dizziness, asthenia, constipation, dry mouth, headache and nausea to OLA."( Safety and cardiovascular effects of multiple-dose administration of aripiprazole and olanzapine in a randomised clinical trial.
Abad-Santos, F; Almenara, S; Koller, D; Martín, S; Mejía, G; Navares-Gómez, M; Ochoa, D; Román, M; Romero-Palacián, D; Saiz-Rodríguez, M; Wojnicz, A; Zubiaur, P, 2021)
" Adverse events for 6-36% patients were reported in all 20 drug arms."( Safety and effectiveness of olanzapine and droperidol for chemical restraint for non-consenting adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bastiampillai, T; Gerace, A; Grimmer, K; Muir-Cochrane, E; Oster, C, 2021)
"5 mg intravenous olanzapine is recommended for quick, safe emergency management of people with acute behavioural disturbances associated with mental illness."( Safety and effectiveness of olanzapine and droperidol for chemical restraint for non-consenting adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bastiampillai, T; Gerace, A; Grimmer, K; Muir-Cochrane, E; Oster, C, 2021)
" A disproportionality analysis was performed to detect a signal for reporting "infective-pneumonia" and "pneumonia-aspiration" and antipsychotics using reports submitted between 2004 and 2019 to the FDA adverse events spontaneous reporting system (FAERS) database."( Exploring a Safety Signal of Antipsychotic-Associated Pneumonia: A Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacodynamic Study.
Cepaityte, D; Egberts, T; Kouvelas, D; Leucht, S; Papazisis, G; Siafis, S, 2021)
" We Propose a text mining approach to detect adverse events and medication episodes from the clinical text to enhance our understanding of adverse effects related to Clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic drug for the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but underutilised due to concerns over its side effects."( The side effect profile of Clozapine in real world data of three large mental health hospitals.
Broadbent, M; Dobson, RJB; Dzahini, O; Govind, R; Ibrahim, ZM; Iqbal, E; Kim, CH; MacCabe, JH; Romero, A; Smith, T; Stewart, R; Werbeloff, N, 2020)
" We explored the prevalence of 33 adverse effects by age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status and admission type three months before and after the patients started Clozapine treatment."( The side effect profile of Clozapine in real world data of three large mental health hospitals.
Broadbent, M; Dobson, RJB; Dzahini, O; Govind, R; Ibrahim, ZM; Iqbal, E; Kim, CH; MacCabe, JH; Romero, A; Smith, T; Stewart, R; Werbeloff, N, 2020)
"Sedation, fatigue, agitation, dizziness, hypersalivation, weight gain, tachycardia, headache, constipation and confusion were amongst the highest recorded Clozapine adverse effect in the three months following the start of treatment."( The side effect profile of Clozapine in real world data of three large mental health hospitals.
Broadbent, M; Dobson, RJB; Dzahini, O; Govind, R; Ibrahim, ZM; Iqbal, E; Kim, CH; MacCabe, JH; Romero, A; Smith, T; Stewart, R; Werbeloff, N, 2020)
"Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia, which often causes serious adverse drug reactions."( Impact of polymorphisms in transporter and metabolizing enzyme genes on olanzapine pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy volunteers.
Abad-Santos, F; Almenara, S; Koller, D; Martín-Vílchez, S; Mejía-Abril, G; Navares-Gómez, M; Ochoa, D; Román, M; Saiz-Rodríguez, M; Soria-Chacartegui, P; Villapalos-García, G; Zubiaur, P, 2021)
" Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who required rescue medications for agitation within 4 hours of initial IV olanzapine or IV haloperidol administration, incidence of adverse events and ICU length of stay."( A Retrospective Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Olanzapine Versus Intravenous Haloperidol for Agitation in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients.
Abdallah, GT; Eche, IJ; Eche, IM; Hsu, D; Knoph, KN; Patel, P; Wang, M; Wong, A; Yankama, TT, 2022)
" Safety endpoints analyzed included the following adverse drug events (ADEs): hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, extrapyramidal adverse effects, and respiratory depressive events."( Safety of Intravenous Olanzapine Administration at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center.
Dube, KM; Hunt, NF; Kovacevic, MP; Lupi, KE; McLaughlin, KC, 2021)
" All other adverse events were rare (<1%)."( Safety of Intravenous Olanzapine Administration at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center.
Dube, KM; Hunt, NF; Kovacevic, MP; Lupi, KE; McLaughlin, KC, 2021)
" IVP olanzapine appears to be a safe route of administration in hospitalized patients, including those receiving multiple doses."( Safety of Intravenous Olanzapine Administration at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center.
Dube, KM; Hunt, NF; Kovacevic, MP; Lupi, KE; McLaughlin, KC, 2021)
"Although it is reported that olanzapine (OLZ), which is an atypical antipsychotic drug, causes sexual dysfunction in men, it is noteworthy that there is not any study evaluating the toxic effects of OLZ on the male reproductive system."( Olanzapine induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.
Ardıç, CM; Atlı-Eklioğlu, Ö; Aydoğan-Kılıç, G; Baysal, M; Ilgın, S; Karaduman, AB; Kılıç, V; Uçarcan, Ş, 2021)
"The World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase), comprising >18 million adverse events, was queried."( A safety signal of somnambulism with the use of antipsychotics and lithium: A pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis.
Ferreira, A; Gouverneur, A; Morival, C; Pageot, C; Pariente, A; Tournier, M, 2021)
" Assessments included adverse events (AEs; each visit), weight/waist circumference (every other week for the first 8 weeks, then every 4 weeks thereafter), metabolic laboratory parameters (weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 52), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores (weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 52), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores (weeks 2 and 4, then every 4 weeks thereafter through week 48, and at week 52)."( A phase 3, multicenter study to assess the 1-year safety and tolerability of a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the ENLIGHTEN-2 long-term extension.
Bhupathi, V; DiPetrillo, L; Graham, C; Hopkinson, C; Jiang, Y; Kahn, RS; McDonnell, D; Silverman, BL; Simmons, A; Yagoda, S; Yin, J; Yu, B, 2021)
" No treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were observed."( Efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine for nausea and vomiting management in cancer patients receiving carboplatin: integrated study of three prospective multicenter phase II trials.
Abe, M; Fujita, Y; Hayasaki, Y; Hirose, C; Iihara, H; Imai, H; Inui, N; Karayama, M; Kawazoe, H; Morishige, KI; Nakamura, K; Ohno, Y; Suda, T; Suzuki, A; Tanaka, K; Uozumi, R; Yamamoto, S, 2021)
"The findings suggest that antiemetic regimens containing low-dose (5 mg) olanzapine could be effective and safe for patients receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy."( Efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine for nausea and vomiting management in cancer patients receiving carboplatin: integrated study of three prospective multicenter phase II trials.
Abe, M; Fujita, Y; Hayasaki, Y; Hirose, C; Iihara, H; Imai, H; Inui, N; Karayama, M; Kawazoe, H; Morishige, KI; Nakamura, K; Ohno, Y; Suda, T; Suzuki, A; Tanaka, K; Uozumi, R; Yamamoto, S, 2021)
" SGAs used for approved indications are associated with significant metabolic adverse effects, including weight gain."( Metabolic adverse effects of off-label use of second-generation antipsychotics in the adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Agarwal, SM; Asgariroozbehani, R; Bowden, S; Hahn, MK; McIntyre, WB; Remington, G; Siskind, D; Smith, E; Stogios, N; Tran, V, 2022)
"In this systematic literature review (SLR), we qualitatively synthesized evidence on the comparative efficacy (based on neuropsychiatric inventory), tolerability (weight gain), and safety (cerebrovascular adverse events [CVAE], cardiovascular events, mortality, somnolence, extrapyramidal symptoms [EPS]) of AAPs used to treat DRP."( Comparative Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Antipsychotics in The Treatment of Dementia-Related Psychosis (DRP): A Systematic Literature Review.
Abler, V; Rajagopalan, K; Rashid, N; Yunusa, I, 2021)
" Patients treated with these agents may be at higher risk for adverse events such as QTc prolongation and arrhythmias."( Atypical Antipsychotic Safety in the CICU.
Abdul-Aziz, AA; Adie, SK; Deshmukh, A; Gondi, K; Hanna, MP; Ketcham, SW; Konerman, MC; Prescott, HC; Thomas, MP, 2022)
" Most APs were as safe as oral olanzapine."( Comparative effectiveness and safety of antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia initiating or reinitiating treatment: A Real-World Observational Study.
Brodeur, S; Courteau, J; Courteau, M; Fleury, MJ; Lesage, A; Roy, MA; Stip, E; Vanasse, A, 2022)
"The effectiveness of LAI SGAs and clozapine appears to justify their use and are as safe as a recognized treatment (oral olanzapine) in Quebec (Canada)."( Comparative effectiveness and safety of antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia initiating or reinitiating treatment: A Real-World Observational Study.
Brodeur, S; Courteau, J; Courteau, M; Fleury, MJ; Lesage, A; Roy, MA; Stip, E; Vanasse, A, 2022)
" Secondary outcomes included psychopathology, remission, all-cause-discontinuation, inefficacy-related discontinuation, and adverse events."( Efficacy and safety/tolerability of antipsychotics in the treatment of adult patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Correll, CU; Hagi, K; Kane, JM; Kishimoto, T; Kurokawa, S, 2023)
" Our study investigated the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and the pharmacodynamic CHEMBL database to further characterize TGA-induced ICDs."( Impulse Control Disorders by Dopamine Partial Agonists: A Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacodynamic Assessment Through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
De Ponti, F; Fusaroli, M; Giunchi, V; Menchetti, M; Poluzzi, E; Raschi, E; Rimondini Giorgini, R, 2022)
"We downloaded and pre-processed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System up to December 2020."( Impulse Control Disorders by Dopamine Partial Agonists: A Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacodynamic Assessment Through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
De Ponti, F; Fusaroli, M; Giunchi, V; Menchetti, M; Poluzzi, E; Raschi, E; Rimondini Giorgini, R, 2022)
"Retrospective studies using spontaneous reporting system databases have provided a great understanding of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the real world, complementing the data obtained from randomized controlled trials."( Characteristics of adverse reactions among antipsychotic drugs using the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System database from 2010 to 2019.
Byeon, SJ; Chung, SJ; Oh, S, 2022)
"Data were collected from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database between 2010 and 2019."( Characteristics of adverse reactions among antipsychotic drugs using the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System database from 2010 to 2019.
Byeon, SJ; Chung, SJ; Oh, S, 2022)
"In total, 5067 adverse events associated with antipsychotic drugs were reported."( Characteristics of adverse reactions among antipsychotic drugs using the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System database from 2010 to 2019.
Byeon, SJ; Chung, SJ; Oh, S, 2022)
"Olanzapine and clozapine have similar efficacy when treating mental and behavioral disorders in patients with senile dementia, in which olanzapine is more effective in improving the symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), with less adverse reactions and high safety, which is worth popularizing in clinical practice."( Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine versus Clozapine when Treating Senile Dementia.
Feng, Y; Li, M; Lv, L; Qiu, H; Rui, Z; Wang, Y; Wang, Z, 2022)
" The most common adverse events with Lu AF35700 were increased weight and headache."( Efficacy and safety of Lu AF35700 in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A randomized, active-controlled trial with open-label extension.
Forray, C; Hertel, P; Howes, OD; Kane, JM; Kinon, BJ; Lemming, OM; Mittoux, A; Such, P, 2022)
"Current methods are not designed to relate the incidence of individual adverse events reported in clinical trials to the plurality of adverse events accumulated in spontaneous reporting databases during real-world use."( Depicting Risperidone Safety Profiles in Clinical Trials Across Different Diagnoses Using a Dopamine D
Hopkins, SC; Koblan, KS; Ogirala, A; Worden, M; Zeni, C, 2022)
"Patient-level adverse event data (n = 4400) from controlled clinical trials of the antipsychotic risperidone in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease psychosis, and autism were obtained through the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) project."( Depicting Risperidone Safety Profiles in Clinical Trials Across Different Diagnoses Using a Dopamine D
Hopkins, SC; Koblan, KS; Ogirala, A; Worden, M; Zeni, C, 2022)
"In pooled data from seven trials of adult schizophrenia, class-specific adverse events were identified in 49% of patients treated with risperidone; in 49% of risperidone-treated patients in two trials in adolescent schizophrenia; in 65% of risperidone-treated patients in four trials in adult bipolar disorder; in 50% of risperidone-treated patients in two trials in adolescent schizophrenia; in 36% of risperidone-treated patients in one trial in Alzheimer's disease; and in 94% of risperidone-treated patients in one trial in autism."( Depicting Risperidone Safety Profiles in Clinical Trials Across Different Diagnoses Using a Dopamine D
Hopkins, SC; Koblan, KS; Ogirala, A; Worden, M; Zeni, C, 2022)
"The cumulative curves of class-specific adverse events in risperidone clinical trials of schizophrenia were similar to those first reported for other atypical antipsychotic drugs."( Depicting Risperidone Safety Profiles in Clinical Trials Across Different Diagnoses Using a Dopamine D
Hopkins, SC; Koblan, KS; Ogirala, A; Worden, M; Zeni, C, 2022)
" The primary outcome was the overall complete response (defined as the absence of vomiting and of the use of rescue drugs from 0 to 120 hrs since chemotherapy); secondary outcomes were acute (absence of vomiting and use of rescue medicine 0-24 hrs after chemotherapy) and delayed (24-120 hrs) response and adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of antiemetic regimens for highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Altamura, V; Carcagnì, A; Daniele, G; Falcone, R; Filetti, M; Giannarelli, D; Giusti, R; Lombardi, P; Scambia, G; Scotte, F, 2023)
" The secondary outcomes were nausea control, the need for rescue medications, and adverse events of olanzapine."( Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Anandani, G; Gupta, AK; Jat, KR; Meena, JP; Sasidharan, A; Tanwar, P, 2023)
" The adverse effects were headache, insomnia, restlessness, tremor, and akathisia."( Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Benites-Zapata, VA; Campos-Rodriguez, SK; Fernández, MF; Ortiz-Saavedra, B; Pino-Zavaleta, DA; Valdivieso-Jiménez, G, 2023)
"To compare the risk for in-hospital adverse events associated with oral haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in older patients after major surgery."( Comparative Safety Analysis of Oral Antipsychotics for In-Hospital Adverse Clinical Events in Older Adults After Major Surgery : A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Bateman, BT; Ely, EW; Inouye, SK; Jones, RN; Kim, DH; Lee, SB; Levin, R; Marcantonio, ER; Metzger, E; Pandharipande, PP; Park, CM; Pisani, MA, 2023)
"These results suggest that atypical antipsychotics and haloperidol have similar rates of in-hospital adverse clinical events in older patients with postoperative delirium who receive an oral low-to-moderate dose antipsychotic drug."( Comparative Safety Analysis of Oral Antipsychotics for In-Hospital Adverse Clinical Events in Older Adults After Major Surgery : A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Bateman, BT; Ely, EW; Inouye, SK; Jones, RN; Kim, DH; Lee, SB; Levin, R; Marcantonio, ER; Metzger, E; Pandharipande, PP; Park, CM; Pisani, MA, 2023)
" We analyzed the rank order of the association of antipsychotic agents for schizophrenia with DKA using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, a spontaneous reporting system database."( Risk evaluation of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia in the Japanese adverse event report database.
Shimoda, K; Sugawara, N; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2023)
"We performed a retrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis using adverse event reports submitted to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency between April 2004 and March 2021."( Risk evaluation of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia in the Japanese adverse event report database.
Shimoda, K; Sugawara, N; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2023)

Pharmacokinetics

The literature lacks a pharmacodynamic model to allow for gender-based clinical trial simulations from modelling parameters for Olanzapine and dopamine D2 receptor occupancy. There are limited studies providing sufficient pharmacokinetic data, thus the variability of concentrations of olanzapine used in Chinese paediatric patients aged 10 to 17 years remains to be evaluated. Polymorphisms in CYP2C9, SLC22A1, ABCB1,ABCC2, and APOC3 were related to olanZapine pharmacokinetics variability.

ExcerptReference
" The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between olanzapine and carbamazepine, since these agents are likely to be used concomitantly in the treatment of manic psychotic disorder."( A pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and olanzapine: observations on possible mechanism.
Bergstrom, RF; Gilfillan, DJ; Lucas, RA, 1998)
" Olanzapine pharmacokinetic values for Cmax and AUC were significantly lower after the second dose, the elimination half-life was significantly shorter, and the clearance and volume of distribution were significantly increased."( A pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and olanzapine: observations on possible mechanism.
Bergstrom, RF; Gilfillan, DJ; Lucas, RA, 1998)
" Its mean half-life in healthy individuals was 33 hours, ranging from 21 to 54 hours."( Olanzapine. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile.
Beasley, CM; Bergstrom, RF; Callaghan, JT; Ptak, LR, 1999)
" Blood samples, collected during dose titration and at a steady state provided pharmacokinetic data."( Olanzapine pharmacokinetics in pediatric and adolescent inpatients with childhood-onset schizophrenia.
Bergstrom, RF; Calis, KA; DeVane, CL; Grothe, DR; Jacobsen, L; Kumra, S; Kurtz, DL; Rapoport, JL, 2000)
" Its pharmacokinetic properties are comparable to those of classical antipsychotics."( [Olanzapine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring].
Baumann, P; Grasmäder, K; Hiemke, C; Rao, ML, 2001)
" The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between olanzapine and fluoxetine, a popular antidepressant that is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor."( Influence of fluoxetine on olanzapine pharmacokinetics.
de Suray, JM; Gangji, D; Gossen, D; Onkelinx, C; Vandenhende, F, 2002)
" We compared olanzapine noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameter values before and after ritonavir with a paired Student t test."( Influence of ritonavir on olanzapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.
Hon, YY; Jann, MW; Lawhorn, WD; Penzak, SR; Shirley, KL; Spratlin, V, 2002)
" In this study, pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical effects of adding the CYP1A2 inhibitor fluvoxamine to steady-state olanzapine was examined in patients suffering from schizophrenia."( Fluvoxamine augmentation of olanzapine in chronic schizophrenia: pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical effects.
Hadjez, J; Härtter, S; Hiemke, C; Jabarin, M; Modai, I; Peled, A; Ritsner, M; Silver, H; Weigmann, H, 2002)
"To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and dose proportionality of olanzapine in Chinese and Caucasian subjects."( Olanzapine pharmacokinetics are similar in Chinese and Caucasian subjects.
Bergstrom, RF; Chan, C; Sathirakul, K; Teng, L; Wise, SD; Yeo, KP, 2003)
" Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were derived."( Olanzapine pharmacokinetics are similar in Chinese and Caucasian subjects.
Bergstrom, RF; Chan, C; Sathirakul, K; Teng, L; Wise, SD; Yeo, KP, 2003)
" However, pharmacokinetic interactions between the two classes of drugs remain to be explored."( The differential effects of steady-state fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and clozapine in healthy volunteers.
Cai, ZJ; Li, WB; Wang, CY; Weng, YZ; Zhai, YM; Zhang, ZJ; Zhao, JP; Zhou, HH; Zhu, RH, 2004)
" This study investigated the pharmacokinetic interactions between olanzapine and fluvoxamine in patients with schizophrenia."( Dose-dependent alternations in the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine during coadministration of fluvoxamine in patients with schizophrenia.
Chang, WH; Chiu, CC; Hon, YY; Huang, MC; Jann, MW; Lane, HY; Liu, HC; Lu, ML, 2004)
" However, there were no statistically significant differences observed between any of the OLZ exposures for observed pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max), T(max), AUC(0-8h))."( Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of standard tablet versus normal and sublingual administration of an orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers.
DeVane, CL; Donovan, JL; Gefroh, HA; Malcolm, RJ; Markowitz, JS; Wang, JS; Zhu, HJ, 2006)
"To assess the pharmacokinetic effect and tolerability of lamotrigine 200 mg day(-1) and olanzapine 15 mg day(-1) coadministration in healthy male volunteers."( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lamotrigine and olanzapine coadministered to healthy subjects.
Abbott, R; Ascher, J; Bullman, J; Francis, E; Job, S; Sidhu, J; Theis, JG, 2006)
" Steady state (0-24 h) pharmacokinetic profiles were determined on day 56 in each group."( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lamotrigine and olanzapine coadministered to healthy subjects.
Abbott, R; Ascher, J; Bullman, J; Francis, E; Job, S; Sidhu, J; Theis, JG, 2006)
"Among these subjects with psychiatric illnesses, olanzapine at doses of 30 and 40 mg/d displayed a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with that of 20 mg/d."( A double-blind, randomized trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of 30 or 40 mg/d oral olanzapine relative to 20 mg/d oral olanzapine in stable psychiatric subjects.
Bari, MA; Cavazzoni, P; Falk, D; Hardy, T; Kurtz, D; Marquez, E; Mitchell, CP; Mitchell, M; Riesenberg, R; Taylor, CC, 2006)
"The plasma concentration curve of olanzapine following a single oral dose conformed to the two compartment open model."( [Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of plasma olanzapine and pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in healthy Chinese volunteers].
Liu, WZ; Yang, H; Zhu, J, 2006)
" This article reports results from 3 studies examining the potential for cytochrome P450-dependent pharmacokinetic interactions between STS and 3 psychotropic medications that might be coadministered."( Selegiline transdermal system: an examination of the potential for CYP450-dependent pharmacokinetic interactions with 3 psychotropic medications.
Azzaro, AJ; Campbell, BJ; Kemper, E; VanDenBerg, C; Ziemniak, J, 2007)
" These long-term effects would not be captured by a standard 5-day pharmacokinetic TDM developmental testing model for antipsychotics, and a new model for characterizing variation in C/D by time course is therefore proposed."( Long-term therapeutic drug monitoring of risperidone and olanzapine identifies altered steady-state pharmacokinetics: a clinical, two-group, naturalistic study.
Darby, JK; Herbert, J; Pasta, DJ; Wilson, MG, 2008)
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the non-compartment method using WinNonlin software."( Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in Chinese male schizophrenic patients with various smoking behaviors.
Chen, HY; Chiu, CC; Lin, FW; Lu, ML; Shen, WW; Wang, LH; Wu, TH, 2008)
" In addition, olanzapine pharmacokinetic parameters in adolescents were compared with those in adults to guide appropriate dosing recommendations for adolescent patients."( Oral olanzapine disposition in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a population pharmacokinetic model.
Bergstrom, RF; Hong, Q; Lobo, ED; Quinlan, T; Robertson-Plouch, C, 2010)
"A population pharmacokinetic modeling study was performed."( Oral olanzapine disposition in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a population pharmacokinetic model.
Bergstrom, RF; Hong, Q; Lobo, ED; Quinlan, T; Robertson-Plouch, C, 2010)
"The pharmacokinetics of oral olanzapine in adolescent patients were described by a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model."( Oral olanzapine disposition in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a population pharmacokinetic model.
Bergstrom, RF; Hong, Q; Lobo, ED; Quinlan, T; Robertson-Plouch, C, 2010)
" A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the plasma pharmacokinetic profile."( Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the dopamine D2 receptor occupancy of olanzapine in rats.
Danhof, M; de Greef, R; Grimwood, S; Groothuis, GM; Johnson, M; Kozielska, M; Li, C; Pilla Reddy, V; Proost, JH; Vermeulen, A, 2011)
" The objective of this review was to determine whether olanzapine warrants clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring in patients with schizophrenia, using a previously published decision-making algorithm."( Does olanzapine warrant clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring in schizophrenia?
Dumontet, J; Ensom, MH; Schwenger, E, 2011)
" Statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-144, and AUC0-∞ was conducted to determine bioequivalence."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 2 tablet formulations of olanzapine in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-label, single-dose study.
Chen, Q; Jia, JY; Li, SJ; Liu, GY; Liu, Y; Liu, YM; Lu, C; Qi, YL; Yu, C; Zhang, MQ, 2012)
" The present study aims to improve our understanding of antipsychotic-related adverse reactions (ARs) and their possible association with common genetic variants of pharmacodynamic proteins such as neurotransmitter receptors/transporters."( Pharmacodynamic genetic variants related to antipsychotic adverse reactions in healthy volunteers.
Abad-Santos, F; Ayuso, C; Borobia, AM; Cabaleiro, T; Carcas, AJ; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Ochoa, D; Román, M, 2013)
"Genetic variants in pharmacodynamic genes could represent valuable markers of AR risk and antipsychotic safety."( Pharmacodynamic genetic variants related to antipsychotic adverse reactions in healthy volunteers.
Abad-Santos, F; Ayuso, C; Borobia, AM; Cabaleiro, T; Carcas, AJ; López-Rodríguez, R; Novalbos, J; Ochoa, D; Román, M, 2013)
"This study assessed the safety profile, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of olanzapine after single and multiple administrations of olanzapine LAI and evaluated maintenance of symptom control."( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of olanzapine long-acting injection: an open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized study in patients with schizophrenia.
Bergstrom, R; Jen, KY; Johnson, J; Kothare, P; McDonnell, D; Mitchell, M; Walker, D; Zhao, F, 2013)
" The objective of this study was to use pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling tools to relate CAT with D2RO in rats and to compare that with the relationship between D2RO and EPS in humans."( Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy as a predictor of catalepsy in rats: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach.
Barton, HA; Danhof, M; de Greef, R; Grimwood, S; Groothuis, GM; Johnson, M; Kozielska, M; Pilla Reddy, V; Proost, JH; Vermeulen, A, 2014)
" Half-life was ∼30 days, controlled by the slow rate of intramuscular absorption rather than the 30-h elimination rate-based half-life of oral olanzapine."( Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine long-acting injection: the clinical perspective.
Bergstrom, RF; Detke, HC; Heres, S; Kraemer, S, 2014)
" Pharmacodynamic assessments (apomorphine - induced compulsive behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity) were performed using mice."( Evaluation of brain targeting efficiency of intranasal microemulsion containing olanzapine: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic consideration.
Bhatt, KK; Gaikwad, RV; Patel, BG; Patel, MR; Patel, RB, 2016)
" Standard pharmacokinetic models do not fit to the toxic concentration data."( Abnormal olanzapine toxicokinetic profiles--population pharmacokinetic analysis.
Anand, JS; Ciszowski, K; Jawień, W; Tylutki, Z; Wilimowska, J, 2015)
"One-hundred thirty-five plasma concentration data from 21 patients hospitalized for acute olanzapine poisoning were analyzed with the use of the population pharmacokinetic approach."( Abnormal olanzapine toxicokinetic profiles--population pharmacokinetic analysis.
Anand, JS; Ciszowski, K; Jawień, W; Tylutki, Z; Wilimowska, J, 2015)
" This validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which 10-mg OLZ tablets were administered to healthy volunteers and their plasma OLZ levels were monitored over time."( The development and validation of a method for quantifying olanzapine in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study.
Bastos Leal, L; Cavalcanti Bedor, NC; da Mota Castelo Branco, D; Galindo Bedor, DC; Miranda de Sousa, CE; Nunes Bonifácio, F; Pereira de Santana, D, 2015)
" We characterized the impact of sertraline co-administration on olanzapine clearance in psychotic depression using population pharmacokinetic methods."( The Impact of Sertraline Co-Administration on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of the STOP-PD.
Bies, RR; Davies, SJ; Flint, AJ; Kirshner, MM; Meyers, BS; Mulsant, BH; Pollock, BG; Rothschild, AJ; Sorisio, D; Whyte, EM, 2015)
" We used NONMEM (Version VII) for population pharmacokinetic analysis, assessing effects of the covariates sex, African American origin, smoking, age, and sertraline co-administration."( The Impact of Sertraline Co-Administration on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of the STOP-PD.
Bies, RR; Davies, SJ; Flint, AJ; Kirshner, MM; Meyers, BS; Mulsant, BH; Pollock, BG; Rothschild, AJ; Sorisio, D; Whyte, EM, 2015)
"Population pharmacokinetic analysis comprised 336 samples from 175 individuals."( The Impact of Sertraline Co-Administration on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of the STOP-PD.
Bies, RR; Davies, SJ; Flint, AJ; Kirshner, MM; Meyers, BS; Mulsant, BH; Pollock, BG; Rothschild, AJ; Sorisio, D; Whyte, EM, 2015)
" The validated UPLC method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of RIS and 9-OHRIS in human plasma."( Concurrent determination of olanzapine, risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method: application to pharmacokinetic study.
Ramanathan, M; Siva Selva Kumar, M, 2016)
"Due to high inter-individual variability in peripheral pharmacokinetic parameters, dosing of antipsychotics currently relies on clinical trial-and-error, and predicting antipsychotic plasma concentrations before changing a dose has been a challenge."( Predicting Plasma Olanzapine Concentration Following a Change in Dosage: A Population Pharmacokinetic Study.
Bies, RR; Caravaggio, F; Graff-Guerrero, A; Mamo, DC; Mimura, M; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Suzuki, T; Takeuchi, H; Tsuboi, T; Uchida, H, 2015)
" Half-life and sex effect on sertraline apparent clearance (males averaging 50% higher (p < 0."( SSRI-antipsychotic combination in psychotic depression: sertraline pharmacokinetics in the presence of olanzapine, a brief report from the STOP-PD study.
Bies, RR; Davies, SJ; Flint, AJ; Kirshner, MM; Meyers, BS; Mulsant, BH; Pollock, BG; Rothschild, AJ; Sorisio, D; Whyte, EM, 2016)
"The aim of this study was to build an eligible population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for olanzapine in Chinese psychotic patients based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data, with assistance of meta-analysis, to facilitate individualized therapy."( Population pharmacokinetics analysis of olanzapine for Chinese psychotic patients based on clinical therapeutic drug monitoring data with assistance of meta-analysis.
Li, L; Lu, W; Shang, D; Wen, Y; Yin, A; Zhou, T, 2016)
" However, the literature lacks a pharmacodynamic model to allow for gender-based clinical trial simulations from modelling parameters for Olanzapine and dopamine D2 receptor occupancy."( A pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation study identifying gender differences of daily olanzapine dose and dopamine D2-receptor occupancy.
Eugene, AR; Masiak, J, 2017)
"Population pharmacodynamic modelling was performed using non-linear mixed effects modelling in MONOLIX, while the Clinical Trial Simulations were performed using R for statistical programming."( A pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation study identifying gender differences of daily olanzapine dose and dopamine D2-receptor occupancy.
Eugene, AR; Masiak, J, 2017)
"The aim of the present study was to predict olanzapine (OLZ) exposure in individual patients using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation (PBPK M&S)."( Prediction of olanzapine exposure in individual patients using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation.
Korprasertthaworn, P; Mohan, T; Perera, V; Polasek, TM; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Rowland, A; Sorich, MJ; Tucker, GT; Wiese, MD, 2018)
"1) and validated against pharmacokinetic studies and data from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)."( Prediction of olanzapine exposure in individual patients using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation.
Korprasertthaworn, P; Mohan, T; Perera, V; Polasek, TM; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Rowland, A; Sorich, MJ; Tucker, GT; Wiese, MD, 2018)
" Studies reporting the pharmacokinetic parameters of CYP1A2-metabolized antipsychotic drugs in individuals who were genotyped for CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms were retrieved."( Impact of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hanprasertpong, N; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Teekachunhatean, S, 2019)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to noncompartmental analysis."( Pharmacokinetics and Short-term Safety of ALKS 3831, a Fixed-dose Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan, in Adult Subjects with Schizophrenia.
McDonnell, D; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2018)
" At steady state, exposure to olanzapine increased dose proportionally from 10 mg (ALKS 3831 10/10) to 20 mg (ALKS 3831 20/10), and exposure to samidorphan was similar between the 2 ALKS 3831 dose groups, indicating that different dose levels of olanzapine in ALKS 3831 had no impact on the pharmacokinetic profile of samidorphan."( Pharmacokinetics and Short-term Safety of ALKS 3831, a Fixed-dose Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan, in Adult Subjects with Schizophrenia.
McDonnell, D; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2018)
" The present data indicate that combining olanzapine with samidorphan does not affect the pharmacokinetic profile of either drug and support continued clinical evaluation of ALKS 3831."( Pharmacokinetics and Short-term Safety of ALKS 3831, a Fixed-dose Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan, in Adult Subjects with Schizophrenia.
McDonnell, D; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2018)
" Olanzapine and samidorphan pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after OLZ/SAM dosing on days 1 and 22."( A Phase I Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Effects of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Administered in Combination in Healthy Human Subjects.
Kumar, V; McDonnell, D; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yu, M, 2019)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium and valproate, including maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve over a 12-h dosing interval, were calculated."( Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium or Valproate.
Graham, C; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yagoda, S; Yao, B, 2020)
" This open-label, randomized, single-dose, 2-sequence, 2-period crossover, comparative pharmacokinetic study assessed the bioequivalence of 5 mg of olanzapine administered in tablet (R) or disintegrating tablet (T) formulation in healthy Chinese volunteers under both fasting and fed conditions."( Open-Label, Randomized, Single-Dose, 2-Period, 2-Sequence Crossover, Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Bioequivalence of 2 Oral Formulations of Olanzapine Under Fasting and Fed Conditions.
Du, P; Li, P; Liu, H; Liu, L; Yu, W; Zhao, R; Zhao, Z; Zhou, X, 2020)
" As cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4 are the major enzymes involved in metabolism of olanzapine and samidorphan, respectively, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was applied to predict any drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential between olanzapine and samidorphan or between OLZ/SAM and CYP3A4/CYP1A2 inhibitors/inducers."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Predicting Drug Interactions of a Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan.
Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2020)
" Population pharmacokinetic approach, based on nonlinear mixed effects modeling, is a useful tool to identify covariates explaining pharmacokinetic variability, as well as to characterize and distinguish unexplained residual and between-subject (interindividual) variability."( Understanding variability in the pharmacokinetics of atypical antipsychotics - focus on clozapine, olanzapine and aripiprazole population models.
Jovanović, M; Miljković, B; Vučićević, K, 2020)
" The analysis was restricted to pharmacokinetic (PK) samples collected following enteral administration (oral and feeding tube)."( Population pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in children.
Al-Uzri, A; Autmizguine, J; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Erinjeri, J; Goldstein, SL; Hornik, CP; Kalra, R; Maharaj, AR; Payne, EH; Sherwin, CMT; Watt, K; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2021)
"At equivalent doses, INP105 provided similar area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, AUC from time 0 to infinity, and maximum observed concentration (Cmax) as OLZ IM and greater Cmax than but similar AUCs to OLZ ODT."( The SNAP 101 Double-Blind, Placebo/Active-Controlled, Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of INP105 (Nasal Olanzapine) in Healthy Adults.
Craig, KL; Hocevar-Trnka, J; Hoekman, J; Lickliter, JD; Satterly, KH; Shrewsbury, SB, 2020)
"INP105 has rapid absorption and pharmacodynamic effects and may represent an effective, convenient, noninvasive, and well-tolerated alternative for treating acutely agitated patients by self- or caregiver administration in the home, community, or hospital environments."( The SNAP 101 Double-Blind, Placebo/Active-Controlled, Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of INP105 (Nasal Olanzapine) in Healthy Adults.
Craig, KL; Hocevar-Trnka, J; Hoekman, J; Lickliter, JD; Satterly, KH; Shrewsbury, SB, 2020)
" Complementary to the clinical findings, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to assess the effects of varying degrees of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and samidorphan."( Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict the Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Given in Combination.
Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2021)
"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for OLZ/SAM was developed and validated by comparing model-simulated data with observed clinical data."( Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict the Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Given in Combination.
Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2021)
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling extended the findings from a clinical study in severe renal impairment to other untested clinical scenarios; these data could be of interest to clinicians treating patients with renal impairment."( Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict the Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Given in Combination.
Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2021)
" Polymorphisms in CYP2C9, SLC22A1, ABCB1, ABCC2, and APOC3 were related to olanzapine pharmacokinetic variability."( Impact of polymorphisms in transporter and metabolizing enzyme genes on olanzapine pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy volunteers.
Abad-Santos, F; Almenara, S; Koller, D; Martín-Vílchez, S; Mejía-Abril, G; Navares-Gómez, M; Ochoa, D; Román, M; Saiz-Rodríguez, M; Soria-Chacartegui, P; Villapalos-García, G; Zubiaur, P, 2021)
" Population pharmacokinetic models for olanzapine and samidorphan were developed using data from 11 clinical studies in healthy subjects or patients with schizophrenia."( Population Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan When Administered in Combination in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Schizophrenia.
Mills, R; Rege, B; Sadler, BM; Sun, L, 2021)
" With this review, we aim to provide an overview of the pharmacodynamic interactions between ketamine and mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, monoamine oxidase-inhibitors, antipsychotics, and psychostimulants."( Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Ketamine and Psychiatric Medications Used in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review.
Bakker, IM; Kamphuis, J; Schoevers, RA; Smith-Apeldoorn, SY; Touw, DJ; Veraart, JKE; Visser, BAE, 2021)
" More studies are needed to provide insight into pharmacodynamic interactions with ketamine."( Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Ketamine and Psychiatric Medications Used in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review.
Bakker, IM; Kamphuis, J; Schoevers, RA; Smith-Apeldoorn, SY; Touw, DJ; Veraart, JKE; Visser, BAE, 2021)
" Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to extend the clinical findings to predict the effects of varying degrees of hepatic impairment on the PKs of olanzapine and samidorphan."( Using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling for predicting the effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and samidorphan given as a combination tablet.
Barter, Z; Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2021)
" The rate of removal of LAIs is regulated by the slow rate of absorption in the site of injection and the phenomenon of their increased half-life is called flip-flop pharmacokinetics."( [Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical forms of long-acting injectable antipsychotics].
Kyziridis, TC, 2022)
" Our study investigated the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and the pharmacodynamic CHEMBL database to further characterize TGA-induced ICDs."( Impulse Control Disorders by Dopamine Partial Agonists: A Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacodynamic Assessment Through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
De Ponti, F; Fusaroli, M; Giunchi, V; Menchetti, M; Poluzzi, E; Raschi, E; Rimondini Giorgini, R, 2022)
" There are limited studies providing sufficient pharmacokinetic data, thus the variability of concentrations of olanzapine used in Chinese paediatric patients aged 10 to 17 years remains to be evaluated."( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of olanzapine in Chinese paediatric patients: Based on the impact of sex and concomitant valproate on clearance.
Hu, JQ; Huang, SQ; Kong, W; Li, XL; Liu, SJ; Lu, HQ; Lu, HY; Ni, XJ; Shang, DW; Wen, YG; Xiao, T; Yang, HL; Zhang, M; Zhu, XQ, 2022)
" Due to its high pharmacokinetic variability, several population pharmacokinetic studies have been performed to identify factors contributing to the variability and thus facilitate individualized dosing."( Significant predictors for olanzapine pharmacokinetics: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic studies.
Han, L; Jiao, Z; Liu, XQ; Mao, JH, )
"A total of 10 population pharmacokinetic and three population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies involving infants, children, adolescents, and adults were finally included."( Significant predictors for olanzapine pharmacokinetics: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic studies.
Han, L; Jiao, Z; Liu, XQ; Mao, JH, )

Compound-Compound Interactions

Olanzapine and other antipsychotics in combination with selective serotonin uptake inhibitors fluoxetine or sertraline on neurotransmitter release in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) using microdialysis.

ExcerptReference
"To understand the mechanism of the clinical efficacy of olanzapine and fluoxetine combination therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), we studied the effects of olanzapine and other antipsychotics in combination with the selective serotonin uptake inhibitors fluoxetine or sertraline on neurotransmitter release in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) using microdialysis."( Synergistic effects of olanzapine and other antipsychotic agents in combination with fluoxetine on norepinephrine and dopamine release in rat prefrontal cortex.
Bao, J; Bymaster, FP; Perry, KW; Potts, BD; Tollefson, GD; Wong, DT; Zhang, W, 2000)
"This study examined the short-term efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotic medication in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS)."( Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy combined with antipsychotic medication in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective, open trial.
Tang, WK; Ungvari, GS, 2002)
" Treatment with divalproex in combination with an atypical antipsychotic agent resulted in earlier improvements in a range of psychotic symptoms among acutely hospitalized patients with schizophrenia."( Effect of divalproex combined with olanzapine or risperidone in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.
Casey, DE; Daniel, DG; Sommerville, KW; Tracy, KA; Wassef, AA; Wozniak, P, 2003)
"To evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine, in combination with lithium or valproate, for treating depressive symptoms associated with mania."( Efficacy of olanzapine combined with valproate or lithium in the treatment of dysphoric mania.
Akiskal, HS; Baker, RW; Brown, E; Calabrese, JR; Ketter, TA; Schuh, LM; Tohen, M; Trzepacz, PT; Watkin, JG, 2004)
"Secondary analysis of a 6-week, double-blind, randomised study of olanzapine (5-20 mg/day) or placebo combined with ongoing valproate or lithium open treatment for 344 patients in mixed or manic episodes."( Efficacy of olanzapine combined with valproate or lithium in the treatment of dysphoric mania.
Akiskal, HS; Baker, RW; Brown, E; Calabrese, JR; Ketter, TA; Schuh, LM; Tohen, M; Trzepacz, PT; Watkin, JG, 2004)
"Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine (OFC) demonstrate robust improvement in their depressive symptoms."( Long-term weight gain in patients treated with open-label olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine for major depressive disorder.
Andersen, SW; Clemow, DB; Corya, SA, 2005)
" It highlights three features: first, MHN can safely prescribe psychiatric medication in combination with concordance therapy."( Pharmacological management of akathisia in combination with psychological interventions by a mental health nurse consultant.
Arya, P; Bennett, J; Gray, R; Jones, M; Lucas, B, 2006)
"To identify symptoms associated with suicidality in bipolar I disorder patients, and to assess suicide risk during treatment with olan-zapine in combination with lithium or divalproex."( Reduced suicidal ideation in bipolar I disorder mixed-episode patients in a placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine combined with lithium or divalproex.
Ahl, J; Baldessarini, RJ; Houston, JP; Kaiser, CJ; Meyers, AL; Tohen, M, 2006)
" Olanzapine (orally disintegrating tablets) in combination with alprazolam was used successfully to relieve this terminally ill patient's anxiety and tension improving his relationship with his physicians and his daily life."( Sublingual use of olanzapine in combination with alprazolam to treat agitation in a terminally ill patient receiving parenteral nutrition.
Douzenis, A; Economopoulos, T; Lykouras, L; Michopoulos, I; Soldatos, CR, 2007)
" This study evaluates the effects of treatment with lithium, alone or in combination with antipsychotic olanzapine, on oxidant-antioxidant status and atherogenic character in patients with BD."( Treatment with lithium, alone or in combination with olanzapine, relieves oxidative stress but increases atherogenic lipids in bipolar disorder.
Aliyazicioğlu, R; Ayvaz, S; Colak, M; Değer, O; Karahan, SC; Kural, B, 2007)
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of divalproex sodium extended release (divalproex ER) vs placebo in combination with olanzapine or risperidone for the treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia."( Divalproex ER combined with olanzapine or risperidone for treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia.
Abi-Saab, W; Baker, J; Casey, DE; Daniel, DG; Greco, N; Kane, JM; Redden, L; Saltarelli, M; Tamminga, C; Tran-Johnson, T; Wozniak, P, 2009)
" In this study, we sought to further examine this mechanism using a novel drug-drug conditioning procedure."( An investigation of the behavioral mechanisms of antipsychotic action using a drug-drug conditioning paradigm.
He, W; Li, M; Mead, A, 2009)
" We reexamined all his possible medical conditions and found that the patient had an abnormally enlarged cavus septum pellucidum (CSP) combined with cavum vergae (CV) (maximum length >30 mm)."( A case report on the relationship between treatment-resistant childhood-onset schizophrenia and an abnormally enlarged cavum septum pellucidum combined with cavum vergae.
Hu, SH; Liao, ZL; Xu, Y, 2012)
" This practice of polypharmacy increases the possibility for drug-drug interactions."( Drug-drug conditioning between citalopram and haloperidol or olanzapine in a conditioned avoidance response model: implications for polypharmacy in schizophrenia.
Li, M; Sparkman, NL, 2012)
"The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of olanzapine combined with ondansetron or ondansetron alone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."( Effectiveness of Olanzapine Combined with Ondansetron in Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Wang, H; Wang, L; Wang, X; Zhang, H, 2015)
" Oral olanzapine (5 mg) was administered with triplet therapy a day prior to cisplatin administration and on days 1-5."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with aprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy in gynecological cancer: KCOG-G1301 phase II trial.
Abe, M; Hihara, H; Hirakawa, T; Hirashima, Y; Ichikawa, Y; Ito, K; Itonaga, Y; Kado, N; Kasamatsu, Y; Komeda, S; Kuji, S; Miyagi, K; Murakami, J; Nasu, K; Takahashi, N; Takekuma, M; Tanaka, A, 2016)
"Preventive use of olanzapine combined with triplet therapy gives better results than those from previously reported studies of triplet therapy."( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with aprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy in gynecological cancer: KCOG-G1301 phase II trial.
Abe, M; Hihara, H; Hirakawa, T; Hirashima, Y; Ichikawa, Y; Ito, K; Itonaga, Y; Kado, N; Kasamatsu, Y; Komeda, S; Kuji, S; Miyagi, K; Murakami, J; Nasu, K; Takahashi, N; Takekuma, M; Tanaka, A, 2016)
"To investigate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone for patients receiving cisplatin (≥50 mg/m(2) ), because this antiemetic therapy has not been sufficiently examined in patients receiving cisplatin."( A phase II trial of prophylactic olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.
Asano, C; Haegawa, I; Horio, Y; Kadowaki, S; Kajita, M; Komori, A; Maeda, A; Mizutani, A; Muro, K; Narita, Y; Nomura, M; Oze, I; Taniguchi, H; Ura, T; Yoshida, T, 2016)
"Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone did not prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin as expected."( A phase II trial of prophylactic olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.
Asano, C; Haegawa, I; Horio, Y; Kadowaki, S; Kajita, M; Komori, A; Maeda, A; Mizutani, A; Muro, K; Narita, Y; Nomura, M; Oze, I; Taniguchi, H; Ura, T; Yoshida, T, 2016)
"Atypical antipsychotics are used for the treatment of acute mania, either as monotherapy or in combination with lithium or divalproex, which have a better tolerability profile as compared with typical antipsychotics."( Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Versus Olanzapine in Combination With Divalproex for Acute Mania: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Arora, M; Gillani, Z; Mahajan, V; Praharaj, SK; Tandon, VR, )
"One hundred twenty patients aged 18 to 55 years, diagnosed with manic episode, were randomized to receive either flexible dose of sublingual asenapine (10-20 mg/d) or tablet olanzapine (10-20 mg/d), in combination with valproate 20 mg/kg per day for a period of 6 weeks."( Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Versus Olanzapine in Combination With Divalproex for Acute Mania: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Arora, M; Gillani, Z; Mahajan, V; Praharaj, SK; Tandon, VR, )
"This study found that asenapine was an effective and well-tolerated atypical antipsychotic alternative to olanzapine in combination with divalproex for the short-term management of acute mania."( Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Versus Olanzapine in Combination With Divalproex for Acute Mania: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Arora, M; Gillani, Z; Mahajan, V; Praharaj, SK; Tandon, VR, )
" We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the prophylactic efficacy of these agents in combination with PALO-DEX."( Efficacy of olanzapine, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, and thalidomide in combination with palonosetron plus dexamethasone in preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Aapro, M; Abraham, I; Alatawi, Y; Alharbi, AS; Alhifany, AA; Almutairi, AR; Babiker, H; Cheema, E; MacDonald, K; McBride, A; Shahbar, A, 2020)
" As cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4 are the major enzymes involved in metabolism of olanzapine and samidorphan, respectively, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was applied to predict any drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential between olanzapine and samidorphan or between OLZ/SAM and CYP3A4/CYP1A2 inhibitors/inducers."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Predicting Drug Interactions of a Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan.
Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2020)
"Preventive use of OLZ combined with standard triplet therapy had promising activity with manageable safety, suggesting that this combination could be an effective standard treatment option for patients with AUC ≥4 mg/mL/min CBDCA combination therapy."( Efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine combined with aprepitant, granisetron and dexamethasone to prevent carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with gynecologic cancer: A multi-institution phase II study.
Abe, M; Arai, T; Fujita, Y; Hayasaki, Y; Iihara, H; Kado, N; Mori, M; Morishige, KI; Murase, S; Nakamura, K; Sakurai, M; Shimaoka, R; Shimokawa, M; Suzuki, A; Takenaka, M; Yamamoto, S, 2020)
"We performed a pooled analysis to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of olanzapine combined with dexamethasone plus 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3 RA) compared with 5-HT3 RA plus dexamethasone for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs)."( Olanzapine combined with 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3 RA) plus dexamethasone for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analy
Frey, B; Gaipl, US; Huang, L; Jin, SH; Ma, H; Xu, C; Zhou, JG, 2020)
" Although our multicentre randomised double-blind comparative study verified non-inferiority of sparing DEX after day 2 of chemotherapy when combined with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1-RA) and palonosetron (Palo) for patients receiving HEC regimen, DEX sparing was not non-inferior in patients receiving cisplatin (CDDP)-based HEC regimens in subgroup analysis."( Study protocol for SPARED trial: randomised non-inferiority phase III trial comparing dexamethasone on day 1 with dexamethasone on days 1-4, combined with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, palonosetron and olanzapine (5 mg) in patients receiving cisplatin
Arioka, H; Hida, N; Iihara, H; Inada, Y; Ishida, H; Izawa, N; Katada, C; Kawaguchi, T; Kazunori, H; Minatogawa, H; Miyaji, T; Morita, H; Nakajima, TE; Nawata, S; Ohno, Y; Shimomura, K; Sugawara, M; Tsuboya, A; Tsuda, T; Yamaguchi, T, 2020)
" Here, we retrospectively analyze CINV data of 100 patients who received either SEAM (semustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) or MEL140-200 (high-dose melphalan) before ASCT, evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple-day administration of fosaprepitant combined with tropisetron and olanzapine (FTO), and compare the results to those of patients who received a standard regimen of aprepitant, tropisetron, and dexamethasone (ATD)."( Multiple-day administration of fosaprepitant combined with tropisetron and olanzapine improves the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a retrospective study.
Cao, J; Chen, D; Du, X; Hu, Y; Jiang, L; Li, S; Liu, X; Lu, Y; Pei, R; Tang, S; Wang, T; Ye, P; Zhang, P, 2022)
"Polypharmacy increases the risk of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs)."( Clinical significance of potential drug-drug interactions in older adults with psychiatric disorders: a retrospective study.
Cui, Y; Ding, Y; Ji, M; Liu, Y; Wang, D; Wang, H; Yang, M; Zhang, H; Zhuang, T, 2022)

Bioavailability

The intranasal nanocubic vesicles were significantly more efficient in targeting olanzapine to the brain compared to the liposomal vesicle with drug targeting efficiency values of 100% and 80%, respectively, and absolute bioavailability of 37%.

ExcerptReference
" After oral administration, OLZ was well absorbed in dogs (absolute bioavailability of 73%) and to the extent of at least 55% in monkeys and 32% in mice."( Disposition and metabolism of olanzapine in mice, dogs, and rhesus monkeys.
Bernstein, J; Chiu, A; Franklin, R; Gillespie, T; Hotten, T; Kassahun, K; Mattiuz, E; Murphy, A, 1997)
" The drug is well absorbed from the GI tract; food has no effect."( Olanzapine: a serotonin-dopamine-receptor antagonist for antipsychotic therapy.
Bever, KA; Perry, PJ, 1998)
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)
" It may be less well absorbed and/or less effective than Clozaril, although evidence is conflicting."( Advances in atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: new formulations and new agents.
Albert, MJ; Baldessarini, RJ; Centorrino, F; Kelleher, JP, 2002)
" The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies."( Development and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of olanzapine in human plasma.
Boosi, R; Kandikere, VN; Maurya, S; Mudigonda, K; Nirogi, RV; Shukla, M; Yerramilli, A, 2006)
" We found that RG-15 showed a good oral bioavailability (54%) and high brain levels (approx."( Subnanomolar dopamine D3 receptor antagonism coupled to moderate D2 affinity results in favourable antipsychotic-like activity in rodent models: II. behavioural characterisation of RG-15.
Agai Csongor, E; Domány, G; Elekes, O; Gémesi, LI; Gyertyán, I; Kapás, M; Kedves, R; Kiss, B; Laszy, J; Pásztor, G; Sághy, K; Szombathelyi, Z; Zájer-Balázs, M, 2008)
" Both formulations were apparently well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (ie, no specific gastrointestinal tract-related adverse events were reported)."( A single-dose, randomized, two-way crossover study comparing two olanzapine tablet products in healthy adult male volunteers under fasting conditions.
Elshafeey, AH; Elsherbiny, MA; Fathallah, MM, 2009)
" Bioavailability parameters including C(max), T(max), and AUC(0-48 h) of both tablets were compared."( Controlled release matrix tablets of olanzapine: influence of polymers on the in vitro release and bioavailability.
Badshah, A; Rauf, K; Subhan, F, 2010)
" The validated method was successfully applied to analyzing human plasma samples in bioavailability study."( Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry for determination of olanzapine in human plasma and its application to bioavailability study.
Gui, YZ; Jia, JY; Li, SJ; Liu, GY; Liu, Y; Liu, YM; Lu, C; Wang, W; Yu, C; Yu, CY; Zhang, MQ, 2010)
" It has poor bioavailability due to hepatic first-pass metabolism and low permeability into the brain due to efflux by P-glycoproteins."( Development and evaluation of olanzapine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Kumar, A; Sawant, KK; Seju, U, 2011)
" The calculated relative bioavailability of TDDS was 113."( Natural oils as skin permeation enhancers for transdermal delivery of olanzapine: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Aggarwal, G; Dhawan, S; HariKumar, SL, 2012)
" The intranasal nanocubic vesicles were significantly more efficient in targeting olanzapine to the brain compared to the liposomal vesicles with drug targeting efficiency values of 100% and 80%, respectively, and absolute bioavailability of 37."( Phospholipid based colloidal poloxamer-nanocubic vesicles for brain targeting via the nasal route.
Abdel Hady, M; Awad, GA; Kamel, AO; Mahmoud, AA; Salama, HA, 2012)
" Values for absolute drug bioavailability in rat plasma for transfersomes containing SDC and those containing Span 60 were 24."( Brain delivery of olanzapine by intranasal administration of transfersomal vesicles.
Abdel Hady, M; Awad, GA; Kamel, AO; Mahmoud, AA; Salama, HA, 2012)
"We describe the discovery of potent and orally bioavailable tetrahydropyridopyrimidine inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10A by systematic optimization of a novel HTS lead."( Discovery of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Breslin, MJ; Coleman, PJ; Cox, CD; Fandozzi, C; Fuerst, J; Hill, N; Huszar, S; Kandebo, M; Kim, SH; Ma, B; McGaughey, G; Raheem, IT; Renger, JJ; Schreier, JD; Sharma, S; Smith, S; Uslaner, J; Yan, Y, 2012)
" The relative bioavailability of the test formulation to reference formulation was 100."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 2 tablet formulations of olanzapine in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-label, single-dose study.
Chen, Q; Jia, JY; Li, SJ; Liu, GY; Liu, Y; Liu, YM; Lu, C; Qi, YL; Yu, C; Zhang, MQ, 2012)
"This single dose, randomized, open label, 2-period and crossover study in healthy Iranian adult volunteers was conducted to compare the bioavailability of 2 branded formulations of olanzapine 10 mg tablets."( Single dose bioequivalence study of two brands of olanzapine 10 mg tablets in Iranian healthy volunteers.
Ghanbarzadeh, S; Islambulchilar, Z; Valizadeh, H; Zakeri-Milani, P, 2013)
" Some evidence suggestive of variations in bioavailability and clinical effectiveness between different formulations make policy decisions occasionally difficult."( Mental state deterioration after switching from brand-name to generic olanzapine in an adolescent with bipolar affective disorder, autism and intellectual disability: a case study.
Attard, A; Kyriakopoulos, M; Samuel, R, 2013)
" This multifunctional drug candidate is orally bioavailable and exhibits good antipsychotic efficacy in vivo."( Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
Beard, JD; Davis, RE; Hendrick, JP; Lee, T; Li, P; Mates, S; Peng, Y; Robichaud, AJ; Snyder, GL; Tomesch, J; Vanover, KE; Wennogle, LP; Yao, W; Zhang, Q; Zhu, H, 2014)
"The aim of this study was to investigate olanzapine (OZ) systemic absolute bioavailability after intranasal (i."( Intranasal drug delivery of olanzapine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.
Al-Ghananeem, AM; Baltzley, S; Malkawi, AH; Mohammad, A, 2014)
" Higher olanzapine concentrations and AUC(0-12 h) were found in plasma and tissues evaluated after the administration of OLA-LNC compared to the drug in the free form, resulting in a relative bioavailability of 226."( Nanoencapsulation Improves Relative Bioavailability and Antipsychotic Effect of Olanzapine in Rats.
Boque, CA; Burger, ME; Dalla Costa, T; Dimer, FA; Guterres, SS; Pase, CS; Pigatto, MC; Pohlmann, AR; Rates, MK; Roversi, K, 2015)
" Though OLZ is an effective agent in the treatment of Schizophrenia, but it exhibits poor bioavailability (57%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism resulted in high dose is required to achieve therapeutic concentration in brain."( Enhanced brain targeting efficacy of Olanzapine through solid lipid nanoparticles.
Baskaran, M; Humtsoe, LC; Justin, A; Natarajan, J; Vadivelan, R, 2017)
"Solid dispersion technology represents a successful approach to addressing the bioavailability issues caused by the low aqueous solubility of many Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs."( Development of micro-fibrous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs in sucrose using temperature-controlled centrifugal spinning.
Barker, SA; Craig, DQM; Marano, S; Missaghi, S; Raimi-Abraham, BT; Rajabi-Siahboomi, A, 2016)
" Overall, this study successfully generated OLZ loaded SMD films with improved in vitro dissolution rates which is highly likely to result in improved oral bioavailability in vivo."( Solid microcrystalline dispersion films as a new strategy to improve the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs: A case study using olanzapine.
de Fátima Pina, M; Modica de Mohac, L; Raimi-Abraham, BT, 2016)
" So, in order to increase the bioavailability of drug and possibly reducing some of side effects, this paper proposes a new material able to controllably release the drug in the body."( Bionanocomposite systems based on montmorillonite and biopolymers for the controlled release of olanzapine.
Alcântara, ACS; Oliveira, AS; Pergher, SBC, 2017)
" Bioavailability studies indicate that there was more than 5½-fold increase in oral bioavailability in case of NLCs (F6) compared to olanzapine suspension which indicates that NLCs provided sustained release of the drugs, and these systems can be the preferred as drug carriers for lipophilic drugs in long term disease conditions such as schizophrenia for enhanced bioavailability."( Enhanced oral bioavailability of an antipsychotic drug through nanostructured lipid carriers.
Anbarasan, A; Arun, R; G, N; Hingarh, PK; Jawahar, N; S, S; Selvaraj, J, 2018)
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability of olanzapine in 3 olanzapine-containing tablet formulations."( Bioequivalence of Olanzapine Given in Combination With Samidorphan as a Bilayer Tablet (ALKS 3831) Compared With Olanzapine-Alone Tablets: Results From a Randomized, Crossover Relative Bioavailability Study.
Liu, J; McDonnell, D; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2019)
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)
" As olanzapine has shown poor bioavailability and permeability in the brain, the sustained release of olanzapine from the designed carriers could enhance pharmacokinetic effectiveness."( Sustained delivery of olanzapine from sunflower oil-based polyol-urethane nanoparticles synthesised through a cyclic carbonate ring-opening reaction.
Babanejad, N; Dorkoosh, F; Farhadian, A; Mozafari, M; Nabid, MR; Saeb, MR; Zarrintaj, P, 2019)
" Poor solubility is a major issue, and 40% of marketed and about 75% of new active pharmaceutical ingredients are poorly water soluble which significantly affect the bioavailability and therapeutic effects of these drugs."( Poloxamer-407-Co-Poly (2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid) Cross-linked Nanogels for Solubility Enhancement of Olanzapine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicity Evaluation.
Akhtar, N; Khan, KU; Minhas, MU, 2020)
"Amorphous and co-amorphous formulations have been used to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."( Measurement of the amorphous fraction of olanzapine incorporated in a co-amorphous formulation.
da Costa, NF; Fernandes, AI; Pinto, JF, 2020)
"In this study, we evaluated whether changes in the gut microbiota of male Sprague Dawley rats, as a result of either antibiotic or probiotic administration, influenced the oral bioavailability of two commonly prescribed antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone."( The gut microbiome influences the bioavailability of olanzapine in rats.
Clarke, G; Cryan, JF; Cussotto, S; Dinan, TG; Fouhy, F; Golubeva, AV; Griffin, BT; Hyland, NP; Stanton, C; Strain, CR; Walsh, J; Zhdanov, AV, 2021)
"The bioavailability of olanzapine, was significantly increased (1."( The gut microbiome influences the bioavailability of olanzapine in rats.
Clarke, G; Cryan, JF; Cussotto, S; Dinan, TG; Fouhy, F; Golubeva, AV; Griffin, BT; Hyland, NP; Stanton, C; Strain, CR; Walsh, J; Zhdanov, AV, 2021)
" The gut microbiome might be an important variable determining the systemic bioavailability of orally administered olanzapine."( The gut microbiome influences the bioavailability of olanzapine in rats.
Clarke, G; Cryan, JF; Cussotto, S; Dinan, TG; Fouhy, F; Golubeva, AV; Griffin, BT; Hyland, NP; Stanton, C; Strain, CR; Walsh, J; Zhdanov, AV, 2021)
" Modifications to model parameters, including absorption rate constant and fraction unbound to plasma protein, were made to recover the observed change in the PKs of olanzapine and samidorphan in individuals with moderate hepatic impairment."( Using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling for predicting the effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and samidorphan given as a combination tablet.
Barter, Z; Rowland Yeo, K; Sun, L; von Moltke, L, 2021)
" The rate of removal of LAIs is regulated by the slow rate of absorption in the site of injection and the phenomenon of their increased half-life is called flip-flop pharmacokinetics."( [Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical forms of long-acting injectable antipsychotics].
Kyziridis, TC, 2022)
"The preparation of amorphous and co-amorphous systems (CAMs) effectively addresses the solubility and bioavailability issues of poorly water-soluble chemical entities."( Amorphous and Co-Amorphous Olanzapine Stability in Formulations Intended for Wet Granulation and Pelletization.
da Costa, NF; Daniels, R; Fernandes, AI; Pinto, JF, 2022)

Dosage Studied

Eleven patients with schizophrenia stabilized on oral olanzapine (mean dosage 12.5 mg/d) The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent effects of olanZapine depot administration at clinically relevant dosing.

ExcerptReference
" However, risperidone induced a U-shaped dose-response curve."( Differential effects of repeated administration of novel antipsychotic drugs on the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons in the rat.
Skarsfeldt, T, 1995)
" Detailed evaluation of the dose-response characteristics of olanzapine and direct clinical comparison to clozapine will thus provide valuable leads to the clarification of atypical antipsychotic action."( A PET study of 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy induced by olanzapine in healthy subjects.
Farde, L; Halldin, C; Nyberg, S, 1997)
" Analyses indicated that an increasing dose-response curve was observed across the range of all olanzapine dose groups."( Olanzapine versus haloperidol: acute phase results of the international double-blind olanzapine trial.
Beasley, CM; Beuzen, JN; Blin, O; Crawford, AM; Dellva, MA; Hamilton, SH; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1997)
" Olanzapine exhibits linear kinetics over the dosage range studied and is extensively metabolized in humans."( Olanzapine: a new antipsychotic agent with efficacy in the management of schizophrenia.
Green, AI; Kando, JC; Patel, JK; Reams, SG; Satterlee, W; Shepski, JC, 1997)
" After a 2- to 9-day placebo lead-in, 79 inpatients with schizophrenia according to DSM-III-R criteria were placed on an olanzapine dosage of 10 mg/day or 1 mg/day for up to 6 weeks."( Olanzapine plasma concentrations and clinical response in acutely ill schizophrenic patients.
Beasley, C; Perry, PJ; Sanger, T, 1997)
" In conclusion, the present studies demonstrate that in the case of sequential dosing olanzapine more effectively enhances DA and NE release in the Pfc than in the subcortical areas, which may have an impact on its atypical antipsychotic actions."( Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum.
Bymaster, FP; Li, XM; Perry, KW; Wong, DT, 1998)
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosage and administration, and cost of olanzapine are reviewed."( Olanzapine: a serotonin-dopamine-receptor antagonist for antipsychotic therapy.
Bever, KA; Perry, PJ, 1998)
"The 14 patients received olanzapine at a mean (SD dosage of 14."( Olanzapine in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder.
Altshuler, L; Denicoff, K; Frye, M; Keck, PE; Kmetz, GF; Kupka, R; Leverich, GS; McElroy, SL; Nolen, W; Post, RM; Suppes, T, 1998)
" There are others who are unable to tolerate a high dosage of clozapine."( Olanzapine augmentation of clozapine.
Frank, B; Gupta, S; Sonnenberg, SJ, 1998)
"Olanzapine was given to five patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and the dosage was titrated until a clinically meaningful reduction in hallucinosis was achieved."( Olanzapine in the treatment of hallucinosis in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a cautionary note.
Ford, KS; Graham, JM; Sagar, HJ; Sussman, JD, 1998)
" Proper dosing has emerged as a vital factor in the effective use of these newer drugs."( Risperidone and olanzapine: optimal dosing for efficacy and tolerability in patients with schizophrenia.
Kasper, S, 1998)
" Dosing requirements for elderly patients tend to be much lower than those for younger adults."( Conventional vs. newer antipsychotics in elderly patients.
Harris, MJ; Jeste, DV; Lacro, J; Lohr, JB; Rockwell, E, 1999)
" To provide the therapeutic benefits of maintenance medication without its drawbacks, intermittent dosing and long-term therapy with reduced doses of conventional medications have been explored."( Olanzapine in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia.
Kane, J, 1999)
" The atypical properties of first-line atypical antipsychotics as well as clozapine are reviewed here, with clinical pearls and dosing tips for each based upon a consensus of information from both clinical trials and clinical practice."( Selecting an atypical antipsychotic by combining clinical experience with guidelines from clinical trials.
Stahl, SM, 1999)
" Published studies have drawn criticism in terms of inappropriate titration schedules, nonequivalent dosing between treatment groups, short treatment duration, and inadequate sample sizes."( Clozapine: a comparison with other novel antipsychotics.
Fleischhacker, WW, 1999)
" The decreased D(2)/D(3) receptor availability revealed an exponential dose-response relationship (r=-0."( In vivo effects of olanzapine on striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor binding in schizophrenic patients: an iodine-123 iodobenzamide single-photon emission tomography study.
Dresel, S; Hahn, K; Mager, T; Meisenzahl, E; Möller, HJ; Rossmüller, B; Tatsch, K, 1999)
" The withdrawal symptoms disappeared rapidly with an increase in olanzapine dosage and with anticholinergic started at the beginning of the switch."( Clozapine-olanzapine: a potentially dangerous switch. A report of two cases.
Delassus-Guenault, N; Jegouzo, A; Odou, P; Robert, H; Seguret, T; Vignole, E; Zangerlin, H, 1999)
" Assessments of attention, memory and motor control were made prior to dosing on each day, at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after dosing on days 1 and 4, and at 24 and 48 h following the last dose."( A comparison of the effects of olanzapine, haloperidol and placebo on cognitive and psychomotor functions in healthy elderly volunteers.
Beuzen, JN; Taylor, N; Wesnes, K; Wood, A, 1999)
" The pharmacokinetics of olanzapine are linear and dose-proportional within the approved dosage range."( Olanzapine. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile.
Beasley, CM; Bergstrom, RF; Callaghan, JT; Ptak, LR, 1999)
" Dosing was 12."( Differential olanzapine plasma concentrations by sex in a fixed-dose study.
Conley, RR; Kelly, DL; Tamminga, CA, 1999)
" Surprisingly, there has been little relationship between the pivotal trials designed for FDA approval and current dosing strategies in broader clinical settings."( New antipsychotic medications: more than old wine and new bottles.
Schulz, SC, 2000)
" Without such data, clinicians have difficulty designing appropriate dosage regimens for patients in these age groups."( Olanzapine pharmacokinetics in pediatric and adolescent inpatients with childhood-onset schizophrenia.
Bergstrom, RF; Calis, KA; DeVane, CL; Grothe, DR; Jacobsen, L; Kumra, S; Kurtz, DL; Rapoport, JL, 2000)
"Thirty adult patients with acute schizophrenia were included into six-week open-labelled, non-comparative trial of olanzapine with free dosing from 5 to 20 mg per day."( [The experience of application of olanzapine: an atypical neuroleptic in acute schizophrenia].
Beniashvili, AG; Morozova, MA; Zharkova, NB, 2000)
" Cases admitted in the first semester received a significantly higher daily dosage of antipsychotic drugs and more frequently received anticholinergics."( Second-generation antipsychotics in the emergency care setting. A prospective naturalistic study.
Azzoni, A; Raja, M, )
" Longitudinal study is required because this relationship may have implications for dosing strategies."( Subjective experience and striatal dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia stabilized by olanzapine or risperidone.
Booij, J; de Haan, L; Dingemans, PM; Lavalaye, J; Linszen, D, 2000)
" Initial dosage was 10 mg/day with a maximum dosage of 20 mg/day."( Effective open-label treatment of tourette's disorder with olanzapine.
Aschauer, HN; De Zwaan, M; Kasper, S; Resinger, E; Schindler, SD; Stamenkovic, M; Willinger, U, 2000)
" A dose-response relationship was not consistently confirmed with any of the drug treatments."( The effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia.
Breier, A; David, SR; Kinon, BJ; Taylor, CC, 2000)
" No consistent dose-response relationship was observed, and the time course and sex-dependency of the response differed between the 3 agents."( The effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia.
Breier, A; David, SR; Kinon, BJ; Taylor, CC, 2000)
" In addition, psychiatrists' clinical preference of antipsychotic medication and dosage for patient subtypes were examined by the national survey."( Comparison of cost, dosage and clinical preference for risperidone and olanzapine.
Kaplan, Z; Lichtenberg, P; Rabinowitz, J, 2000)
" Taking into account drug costs and dosage requirements, the average daily retail price was US $6."( Comparison of cost, dosage and clinical preference for risperidone and olanzapine.
Kaplan, Z; Lichtenberg, P; Rabinowitz, J, 2000)
"In this open case series, the dose-response relationship of atypical antipsychotic augmentation in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and the dose-severity relationship in atypical anti psychotic-induced OC symptoms were examined."( Serotonin and dopamine antagonism in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Lapierre, Y; Ramasubbu, R; Ravindran, A, 2000)
"Case 1: A linear dose-response relationship between increasing doses of olanzapine and improvement in OC symptoms was observed in an OCD patient resistant to 5-HT reuptake inhibitors."( Serotonin and dopamine antagonism in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Lapierre, Y; Ramasubbu, R; Ravindran, A, 2000)
"Controlled studies are needed to investigate the dose-response or dose-severity relationships between OCD and atypical antipsychotics."( Serotonin and dopamine antagonism in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Lapierre, Y; Ramasubbu, R; Ravindran, A, 2000)
" Olanzapine concentrations were found to be a function of olanzapine dose (in milligrams per day) and gender such that prospective olanzapine dosing is feasible."( Olanzapine plasma concentrations and clinical response: acute phase results of the North American Olanzapine Trial.
Beasley, C; Lund, BC; Perry, PJ; Sanger, T, 2001)
" clozapine, Clo) in 3 aspects: 1) the multiple receptor pharmacodynamics involving D1/D2, 5-HT2 and M-ACh receptors; 2) dose-response separation between the block of conditioned avoidance response and catalepsy induction; and 3) the specificity of action sites of firing rates upon acute drug challenge."( Behavioral characteristics of olanzapine: an atypical neuroleptic.
Chen, LJ; Fu, Y; Jin, GZ; Yu, LP; Zhu, ZT, 2000)
"Ten adult patients aged 20 to 44 years with Tourette's disorder were treated using an open-label, flexible dosing schedule for 8 weeks."( An open-label study of the treatment efficacy of olanzapine for Tourette's disorder.
Bruun, RD; Budman, CL; Gayer, A; Lesser, M; Shi, Q, 2001)
" The initial dosage was 5 mg/day and was titrated to a maximum of 20 mg/day."( Olanzapine in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot study.
Becker, ME; Butterfield, MI; Churchill, LE; Connor, KM; Davidson, JR; Sutherland, S, 2001)
" Olanzapine typically alleviated pain within 20 minutes after oral dosing and treatment response was consistent across multiple treated attacks."( Olanzapine as an abortive agent for cluster headache.
Rozen, TD, 2001)
" The trial was divided into two periods: eight weeks during which the dosage was escalated and then fixed, and six weeks during which variable dosages were used."( Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia.
Chakos, M; Citrome, L; Cooper, TB; Czobor, P; Lieberman, JA; Lindenmayer, JP; McEvoy, J; Sheitman, B; Volavka, J, 2001)
" Subjective impairment, as assessed with the subscale 'mental functioning', was significantly correlated with greater conventional neuroleptic dosage after controlling for psychopathology (P<0."( Relationship between neuroleptic dosage and subjective cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients treated with either conventional or atypical neuroleptic medication.
Krausz, M; Moritz, S; Naber, D; Woodward, TS, 2002)
" Among the group receiving novel antipsychotics, dosage was not related to satisfaction or burden of adverse effects."( Short report: comparison of patient satisfaction and burden of adverse effects with novel and conventional neuroleptics: a naturalistic study.
Bromet, EJ; Davidson, M; Rabinowitz, J, 2001)
" Risk factors are a high dosage of antipsychotics, akathisia in a previous treatment, and diabetes mellitus."( [Drug-induced akathisia].
van Harten, PN, 2002)
"A 27-year-old white woman was observed to have a seizure while receiving a stable dosage of olanzapine 15 mg/d, with the addition of quetiapine 100 mg in the evening 1 day before the occurrence of the seizure."( New-onset seizure associated with quetiapine and olanzapine.
Hedges, DW; Jeppson, KG, 2002)
"Current dosing regimens of psychotropic drugs are based on plasma kinetic considerations, although it is unclear whether plasma levels faithfully reflect brain kinetics of drugs."( Significant dissociation of brain and plasma kinetics with antipsychotics.
Jones, C; Kapur, S; Remington, G; Tauscher, J; Zipursky, RB, 2002)
" The manuscript describes the pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability studies, adverse effects and dosing considerations in the elderly."( Use of olanzapine for elderly patients with psychotic disorders: a review.
Bogunovic, O; Brenner, R; Gupta, S; Madhusoodanan, S; Sinha, S, 2001)
" No serious side effects were reported at the maximum dosage reached (7."( Treatment of patients with tardive dystonia with olanzapine.
Bellini, G; Bernardini, S; Bonuccelli, U; Dell'Agnello, G; Lucetti, C; Maggi, L; Manca, L; Nuti, A; Piccinni, A, )
" A dose-response relationship for IM olanzapine in the reduction of agitation was assessed by measuring the reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC) scores 2 hours after the first injection."( A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia.
Birkett, M; Breier, A; Brook, S; David, S; Dossenbach, M; Ferchland, I; Kiesler, G; Meehan, K; Palmer, R; Sutton, V; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2002)
"Olanzapine exhibited a dose-response relationship for reduction in agitation (F(1,179)= 14."( A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia.
Birkett, M; Breier, A; Brook, S; David, S; Dossenbach, M; Ferchland, I; Kiesler, G; Meehan, K; Palmer, R; Sutton, V; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2002)
"0 mg per injection exhibits a dose-response relationship in the rapid treatment of acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia and demonstrates a favorable safety profile."( A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia.
Birkett, M; Breier, A; Brook, S; David, S; Dossenbach, M; Ferchland, I; Kiesler, G; Meehan, K; Palmer, R; Sutton, V; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2002)
" In the case presented, the good efficacy of olanzapine in low dosage over an extended period of time is described."( [Delusional ectoparasitic infestation in multiple system atrophy].
Kornhuber, M; Kumbier, E, 2002)
"A 3-week, randomized, double-blind trial compared flexibly dosed olanzapine (5-20 mg/day) to divalproex (500-2500 mg/day in divided doses) for the treatment of patients hospitalized for acute bipolar manic or mixed episodes."( Olanzapine versus divalproex in the treatment of acute mania.
Altshuler, LL; Baker, RW; Breier, A; Gilmore, JA; Ketter, TA; Milton, DR; Risser, R; Suppes, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GA; Zarate, CA, 2002)
" When olanzapine was discontinued or the dosage decreased, 78% of patients had improved glycemic control."( Olanzapine-associated diabetes mellitus.
Doraiswamy, PM; Koller, EA, 2002)
" The present TDM-based follow-up suggests that the influence of gender, smoking habits, and certain drug interactions may need to be considered for optimal dosage of OLA."( Therapeutic drug monitoring data on olanzapine and its N-demethyl metabolite in the naturalistic clinical setting.
Bengtsson, F; Dahl, ML; Lundmark, J; Reis, M; Skogh, E, 2002)
" Whole brain and plasma P and 3alpha,5alpha-THP concentrations were increased with olanzapine or P dosing and were greatest with coadministration."( Olanzapine and progesterone have dose-dependent and additive effects to enhance lordosis and progestin concentrations of rats.
Frye, C; Seliga, A, 2002)
" This double-blind, randomized controlled trial, comparing flexible dosing of olanzapine (5-20 mg/day, n = 234) to haloperidol (3-15 mg/day, n = 219), consisted of a 6-week acute phase, followed by a 6-week continuation phase."( Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania: clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life and work status.
Breier, A; Edgell, ET; Gandhi, G; Haro, JM; Namjoshi, MA; Shi, L; Tohen, M; Zhang, F, 2002)
"Eleven patients with schizophrenia stabilized on oral olanzapine (mean dosage 12."( Dissolution profile, tolerability, and acceptability of the orally disintegrating olanzapine tablet in patients with schizophrenia.
Chue, P; Dickson, R; Jones, B; Taylor, CC, 2002)
" Divalproex was initiated at 15 mg/kg/day and titrated over 12 days to a maximum dosage of 30 mg/kg/day."( Effect of divalproex combined with olanzapine or risperidone in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.
Casey, DE; Daniel, DG; Sommerville, KW; Tracy, KA; Wassef, AA; Wozniak, P, 2003)
" The mean daily dosage of olanzapine in the fourth week was 10."( The efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the treatment of geriatric psychosis.
Hwang, JP; Lee, TW; Tsai, SJ; Yang, CH, 2003)
" The patients were treated with conventional antipsychotics for seven days after admission and were then randomised to the treatment arms with risperidone (4 mg/day) or with olanzapine (10 mg/day) at a fixed dosage in the first week and thereafter in flexible dosages for the remaining seven weeks."( Measurement of simple reaction time in antipsychotic treatment of patients with schizophrenia.
Kores Plesnicar, B; Krajnc, I; Tomori, M; Zalar, B, 2003)
"This 47-week, randomized, double-blind study compared flexibly dosed olanzapine (5-20 mg/day) to divalproex (500-2500 mg/day) for manic or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder (N=251)."( Olanzapine versus divalproex sodium for the treatment of acute mania and maintenance of remission: a 47-week study.
Altshuler, L; Baker, RW; Brown, E; Frye, M; Ketter, TA; Risser, RC; Schuh, LM; Suppes, T; Tohen, M; Zajecka, J; Zarate, CA, 2003)
" At a higher dosage (0."( The atypical antipsychotics risperidone, clozapine and olanzapine differ regarding their sedative potency in rats.
Ahnaou, A; Drinkenburg, WH; Megens, AA, 2003)
"This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-groups, placebo-controlled trial with fixed-flexible dosing conducted at four sites."( Randomized trial of olanzapine versus placebo in the symptomatic acute treatment of the schizophrenic prodrome.
Addington, J; Breier, A; Hawkins, KA; Lindborg, SR; Marquez, E; McGlashan, TH; Miller, TJ; Perkins, DO; Tohen, M; Woods, SW; Zipursky, RB, 2003)
" A new approach to olanzapine dosing that expands the initial dose range up to 40 mg/d may offer superior efficacy in rapidly and effectively controlling the symptoms of agitation."( Effectiveness of rapid initial dose escalation of up to forty milligrams per day of oral olanzapine in acute agitation.
Baker, RW; Hill, AL; Kinon, BJ; Liu, H; Maguire, GA, 2003)
" Daily dosage was subsequently adjusted between 5 and 20 mg/d based on individual clinical status."( A Canadian multicenter trial assessing memory and executive functions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with olanzapine.
Chokka, PR; Dickson, RA; Dursun, SM; Jones, B; MacEwan, GW; Reiss, JP; Remington, GJ; Rotstein, E; Stip, E, 2003)
"Previous studies have examined the safety and tolerability of oral-loaded divalproex sodium in the treatment of acute mania, but not the early efficacy of this dosing strategy."( The safety and early efficacy of oral-loaded divalproex versus standard-titration divalproex, lithium, olanzapine, and placebo in the treatment of acute mania associated with bipolar disorder.
Baker, JD; Hirschfeld, RM; Sommerville, KW; Tracy, K; Wozniak, P, 2003)
" However, no correlation between prolactin levels and dosage could be found."( [Plasma prolactin level and incidence of adverse endocrinologic effects during therapy with atypical neuroleptics].
Fric, M; Laux, G, 2003)
" The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by myoglobinemia dosage and ortholuidine test."( [Rhabdomyolysis associated with respiratory infection in chronic psychiatric patients during neuroleptic treatment].
Busiello, L; Cascella, M; De Robertis, E; Di Domenico, MG; Palmese, S; Pezza, M, 2003)
" Mean duration of olanzapine treatment was 289 days (SD +/- 139) and the mean olanzapine dosage at the end of the study was 12."( Effects of olanzapine on lipid abnormalities in elderly psychotic patients.
Aizenberg, D; Barak, Y, 2003)
" The starting dose was 10 mg/day, with dosage adjustments based on physician judgment."( Switching treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to olanzapine: a one-year open-label study with five-year follow-up.
Karagianis, JL; LeDrew, KK; Walker, DJ, 2003)
"Double-blind data on patients age > or =60 randomized to 5 mg/d OLZ (n=83) or 5 mg/d HAL (n=34) (Week 1) then flexibly dosed to 5-20 mg/d over six weeks, with a 48-week extension for responders, were analyzed post-hoc."( Olanzapine vs haloperidol in geriatric schizophrenia: analysis of data from a double-blind controlled trial.
Breier, A; Bymaster, FP; Dossenbach, M; Gilmore, JA; Golshan, S; Jeste, D; Kaiser, CJ; Kennedy, JS; Kinon, BJ; Maguire, GA; Sanger, T; Tollefson, G, 2003)
" The mean dosage of olanzapine was 11."( Pilot study: access to fitness facility and exercise levels in olanzapine-treated patients.
Archie, S; Hobbs, H; McNiven, J; Osborne, S; Wilson, JH, 2003)
" We suggest that plasma olanzapine monitoring can be used for dose-response optimization, but only to complement the normal clinical evaluation process."( Investigation of target plasma concentration-effect relationships for olanzapine in schizophrenia.
Ahmad, F; Bulsara, MK; Castle, DJ; Dusci, LJ; Fellows, L; Ilett, KF, 2003)
" The treating clinician was free to vary or discontinue dosing and use additional medications."( A 1-year open-label trial of olanzapine in school-age children with schizophrenia.
Adler, LE; Farley, GK; Novins, D; Ross, RG, 2003)
"Patients were randomly assigned to receive flexibly dosed olanzapine, 5 to 20 mg/d, with prophylactic benztropine, 1 to 4 mg/d (n = 159); or haloperidol, 5 to 20 mg/d (n = 150), for 12 months."( Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial.
Allan, E; Bingham, S; Campbell, EC; Caroff, S; Collins, J; Corwin, J; Davis, L; Douyon, R; Dunn, L; Evans, D; Frecska, E; Grabowski, J; Graeber, D; Herz, L; Kwon, K; Lawson, W; Leslie, D; Liu-Mares, W; Mena, F; Perlick, D; Rosenheck, R; Sheikh, J; Smelson, D; Smith-Gamble, V; Warren, S, 2003)
"The design consisted of 2 successive, 6-week, double-blind periods and compared flexible dosing of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d, n = 234) with haloperidol (3-15 mg/d, n = 219)."( A 12-week, double-blind comparison of olanzapine vs haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania.
Azorin, JM; Baker, RW; Breier, A; Emsley, RA; Evans, AR; Goldberg, JF; Gonzalez-Pinto Arrillaga, AM; Hardy-Bayle, MC; Lawson, WB; Namjoshi, MA; Risser, RC; Tohen, M; Vieta, E; Zhang, F, 2003)
" In the present study, blood samples were collected for 24 h after dosing rats orally with a 5 mg/kg dose of olanzapine (OLAN)."( An automated blood sampler for simultaneous sampling of systemic blood and brain microdialysates for drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination studies.
Gitzen, JF; Gunaratna, PC; Kissinger, CB; Kissinger, PT, )
" Unfortunately, this type of drugs cannot block the D2 receptors only in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway (which mediates their therapeutic effects), because of their non-selective D2 receptor blockage in both the mesolimbic and striatal regions, and the consequent appearance of side effects related to striatal interaction in the same dosage range as is needed for the therapeutical effects."( New antipsychotics and schizophrenia: a review on efficacy and side effects.
Berardi, D; De Ronchi, D; Lorenzi, C; Serretti, A, 2004)
"These data indicate that the dosage of these medications, found to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia, reduces DA stimulation of D2 receptors to levels slightly lower than those found in unmedicated healthy subjects."( Occupancy of dopamine D2 receptors by the atypical antipsychotic drugs risperidone and olanzapine: theoretical implications.
Abi-Dargham, A; Cangiano, C; Frankle, WG; Gil, R; Gorman, JM; Hackett, E; Kochan, LD; Laruelle, M; Mawlawi, O; Slifstein, M; Zea-Ponce, Y; Zhu, Z, 2004)
" To estimate the dose-response relationship as a guide for the provision of optimal management of olanzapine intoxicated patients."( The clinical picture of olanzapine poisoning with special reference to fluctuating mental status.
Kupferschmidt, H; Meier, PJ; Palenzona, S; Rauber-Luethy, C, 2004)
" The doses of each CPM were converted into dosage equivalents of standard reference drugs."( Patterns of concomitant psychotropic medication use during a 2-year study comparing clozapine and olanzapine for the prevention of suicidal behavior.
Glick, ID; Gunay, I; Hsu, C; Kumar, V; Weiss, L; Young, FK; Zaninelli, R, 2004)
" The mean dosage at the end of the trial was 14."( Olanzapine in the treatment of aggression and tics in children with Tourette's syndrome--a pilot study.
Bassel, C; Sandor, P; Stephens, RJ, 2004)
" Food and Drug Administration-approved dosing range of 10 to 20 mg/day but is often used at doses exceeding this range."( Variables associated with high olanzapine dosing in a state hospital.
Botts, S; de Leon, J; Littrell, R, 2004)
" Therefore, patients who smoke should be closely monitored for their cigarette consumption when the dosage of olanzapine is adjusted."( Heavy smoking, reduced olanzapine levels, and treatment effects: a case report.
Chen, KP; Chiu, CC; Huang, MC; Lu, ML, 2004)
"5 mg/kg dosing paradigm suggesting differences in tolerability rates as a function of olanzapine dose."( Weight loss dynamics during combined fluoxetine and olanzapine treatment.
Chabla, JM; Hallas, BH; Horowitz, JM; Perrone, JA; Torres, G, 2004)
"Additional studies comparing intramuscular olanzapine with combination antipsychotic/benzodiazepine therapy in more severely ill patients and patients with concomitant medical illnesses are needed to determine the most effective dosing regimen, use of adjunctive medications, and to obtain a comprehensive safety profile."( Intramuscular olanzapine in the management of acute agitation.
Tulloch, KJ; Zed, PJ, 2004)
" This paper focuses on hypothesis testing in a dose-response framework and shows that increased power is possible by using a mixture model where both the logit of the response rate and the response mean are linear functions of the dose level."( Score tests for dose effect in the presence of non-responders.
Boos, DD; Luo, X; Tamura, RN, 2004)
" The failure to confirm previous claims of greater improvement on either risperidone or olanzapine in patients with a first episode of psychosis may be the result of methodological bias introduced by unequal dosing between the two drugs or the use of chronically ill and treatment-refractory patients in previous studies."( A comparison of two novel antipsychotics in first episode non-affective psychosis: one-year outcome on symptoms, motor side effects and cognition.
Haricharan, R; Malla, A; Manchanda, R; Norman, R; Scholten, D; Takhar, J; Townsend, L, 2004)
"The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of olanzapine, mean dosage 16."( Randomized double blind comparison of olanzapine vs. clozapine on subjective well-being and clinical outcome in patients with schizophrenia.
Bandelow, B; Bender, S; Dittmann, RW; Klimke, A; Kühn, KU; Lambert, M; Lemmer, W; Moritz, S; Naber, D; Riedel, M; Vorbach, EU, 2005)
" However, for this variable, there was a clear dose-response curve, with the maximal effect at the highest dose (4 mg/kg)."( A parametric analysis of olanzapine-induced weight gain in female rats.
Cooper, GD; Goudie, AJ; Halford, JC; Pickavance, LC; Wilding, JP, 2005)
" Mice were acclimated to individual housing, given ad libitum access to chow and water, dosed with placebo peanut butter pills for 1 week, and then dosed daily with AAPD-laced peanut butter pills for 4 weeks."( Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain: development of an animal model.
Allison, DB; Casey, DE; Cope, MB; Fernández, JR; Geary, N; Nagy, TR, 2005)
") is an atypical antipsychotic medication with once-daily dosing that was originally developed for the treatment of schizophrenia."( Use of olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar I disorder.
Goodwin, FK; Lieberman, DZ, 2004)
"OXC, at a dosage of 900-1,200 mg/day, was administered for 5 consecutive weeks to 25 outpatients, 10 men and 15 women, aged 25 to 64 years, with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder."( Plasma concentrations of risperidone and olanzapine during coadministration with oxcarbazepine.
Cacciola, M; D'Arrigo, C; La Torre, D; Migliardi, G; Pacetti, M; Rosaria Muscatello, M; Spina, E; Zoccali, R, 2005)
" Dosage alterations of olanzapine and clozapine, dependent on cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) for clearance, and quetiapine, dependent on cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), may be necessary when used with other drugs that inhibit or induce their metabolic enzymes."( The dosing of atypical antipsychotics.
Armstrong, SC; Cozza, KL; de Leon, J, )
" Among the classes of medications that are H1 antagonists we point out that atypical antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine and quetiapine are among the most potent H1 antagonists, and can have simple daily dosing schedules and thus may be particularly useful in ACD."( Using histamine (H1) antagonists, in particular atypical antipsychotics, to treat anemia of chronic disease via interleukin-6 suppression.
Altschuler, EL; Kast, RE, 2005)
" Olanzapine might be useful for delusion of PD in patients not responded to quetiapine, although it should be started at a very low dosage to ameliorate worsening parkinsonism."( [The efficacy of olanzapine for delusion in patients with Parkinson's disease].
Atsuta, N; Hirayama, M; Ito, M; Sobue, G; Watanabe, H, 2005)
" When OCSs appear with clozapine, dosage can be reduced and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment added."( [Obsessive-compulsive symptoms treatment in: schizophrenia].
Dardennes, R; Faucher, S; Ghaëm, O; Guelfi, JD, 2005)
" According to response, dosage was then adjusted to a maximum dosage of 20 mg daily of either drug."( Treatment response to olanzapine and haloperidol and its association with dopamine D receptor occupancy in first-episode psychosis.
Christensen, BK; Daskalakis, Z; Epstein, I; Furimsky, I; Kapur, S; Roy, P; Sanger, T; Zipursky, RB, 2005)
" When patients were rescanned following dosage adjustment, mean D2 receptor occupancies were greater than 70% in both groups."( Treatment response to olanzapine and haloperidol and its association with dopamine D receptor occupancy in first-episode psychosis.
Christensen, BK; Daskalakis, Z; Epstein, I; Furimsky, I; Kapur, S; Roy, P; Sanger, T; Zipursky, RB, 2005)
" Patients were initiated with quetiapine to 400 mg/day over 7 days, and then flexibly dosed (300-750 mg/day) for 11 weeks."( Efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia who switched from haloperidol, olanzapine or risperidone.
Altman, C; de Nayer, A; Jones, AM; Larmo, I; Lindenbauer, B; Platz, T; Rittmannsberger, H; Windhager, E, 2005)
" Among parameters analyzed were chlorpromazine equivalent dosage of antipsychotic, metabolic parameters, body mass index (BMI), level of concurrent medications, and concomitant dietary restrictions."( Metabolic effects associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment in the developmentally disabled.
Ball, MP; Bodfish, JW; Heeth, WL; Mahorney, SL; McKee, JR, 2005)
" Treatment was naturalistic, and dosing was based on the discretion of the treating physician."( Olanzapine versus risperidone in newly admitted acutely ill psychotic patients.
Cook, A; Kraus, JE; Lieberman, JA; Reviere, R; Sheitman, BB, 2005)
" Results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed that the results were robust to a wide variation of different input variables (effectiveness, dosing distribution, patient status according to healthcare system)."( Long-acting risperidone compared with oral olanzapine and haloperidol depot in schizophrenia: a Belgian cost-effectiveness analysis.
Caleo, S; De Graeve, D; Lecompte, D; Mehnert, A; Miadi-Fargier, H; Mosqueda, GJ; Peuskens, J; Smet, A, 2005)
"Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation antipsychotic agent available in 2 solid oral dosage forms, a standard oral tablet (SOT) and an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)."( Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine after single-dose oral administration of standard tablet versus normal and sublingual administration of an orally disintegrating tablet in normal volunteers.
DeVane, CL; Donovan, JL; Gefroh, HA; Malcolm, RJ; Markowitz, JS; Wang, JS; Zhu, HJ, 2006)
"6%) with a higher mean daily dosage in the public care setting."( [Neuroleptic drug utilization among schizophrenic outpatients].
Blin, P; Cialdella, P; Gérard, A; Hanssens, L; Olié, JP; Petitjean, F; Sechter, D; Westerloppe, J, 2005)
" Lamotrigine dosing schedules are recommended to remain unchanged when combined with olanzapine therapy."( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lamotrigine and olanzapine coadministered to healthy subjects.
Abbott, R; Ascher, J; Bullman, J; Francis, E; Job, S; Sidhu, J; Theis, JG, 2006)
" We used the Dosage Record Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES) in a supplemented version to measure the presence and severity of side effects."( Clinical drug monitoring in child and adolescent psychiatry: side effects of atypical neuroleptics.
Fleischhaker, C; Heiser, P; Hennighausen, K; Herpertz-Dahlmann, B; Holtkamp, K; Mehler-Wex, C; Rauh, R; Remschmidt, H; Schulz, E; Warnke, A, 2006)
"Fifty-one schizophrenic inpatients were randomly assigned to receive OLZ at 5 mg/d (26 patients, group 1) or 20 mg/d (25 patients, group 2) as a starting dosage during an exacerbation phase."( A single-blind, randomized comparison of olanzapine at a starting dose of 5 mg versus 20 mg in acute schizophrenia.
Baldi, ML; Colasanti, A; Mauri, MC; Moliterno, D; Papa, P; Rossattini, M, )
" Atypical antipsychotics are an alternative treatment, and this 12-week, randomised, flexibly dosed study compared the efficacy, safety and tolerability of quetiapine and olanzapine in this regard."( Quetiapine versus olanzapine for the treatment of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Koren, A; Pannet, I; Sirota, P; Tchernichovsky, E, 2006)
" Dosage could be modified during the study according to clinical criteria."( Improvement in social functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms treated with olanzapine or risperidone in a 1 year randomized, open-label trial.
Alvarez, E; Bousoño, M; Ciudad, A; Gómez, JC; Olivares, JM, 2006)
" On days 10, 20, and 30, blood samples were collected before dosing and at 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 hours after dosing."( A double-blind, randomized trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of 30 or 40 mg/d oral olanzapine relative to 20 mg/d oral olanzapine in stable psychiatric subjects.
Bari, MA; Cavazzoni, P; Falk, D; Hardy, T; Kurtz, D; Marquez, E; Mitchell, CP; Mitchell, M; Riesenberg, R; Taylor, CC, 2006)
" IMS analysis of tissues from 8 mg/kg olanzapine dosed rats revealed temporal distribution of the drug and metabolites that correlate to previous quantitative whole-body autoradiography studies."( Direct molecular analysis of whole-body animal tissue sections by imaging MALDI mass spectrometry.
Andersson, M; Caprioli, RM; Gillespie, TA; Herman, JL; Khatib-Shahidi, S, 2006)
" Also discussed are findings concerning the continuation of acute treatments, including antidepressants, into the maintenance phase; dosage adjustments for maintenance treatment; the rationale for combination treatments; and implications of comorbid substance abuse and strategies for its management."( Maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: Applying research to clinical practice.
Chou, JC; Fazzio, L, 2006)
" CLOZ also induced profound insulin resistance after dosing 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days (P<0."( Acute effects of atypical antipsychotics on whole-body insulin resistance in rats: implications for adverse metabolic effects.
Gibbs, EM; Houseknecht, KL; Johnson, DE; Robertson, AS; Rollema, H; Zavadoski, W, 2007)
" Lamotrigine was titrated up to a final dosage of 200 mg/day over 8 weeks, and pharmacokinetic assessments were made at baseline and during treatment weeks 6 and 10, at lamotrigine dosages of 100 and 200 mg/day respectively."( Effect of adjunctive lamotrigine treatment on the plasma concentrations of clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
D'Amico, G; D'Arrigo, C; Micò, U; Migliardi, G; Muscatello, MR; Perucca, E; Santoro, V; Spina, E, 2006)
" Additional analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between baseline thalamic volume and dosage of typical antipsychotic medication."( Reduced thalamic volume in patients with chronic schizophrenia after switching from typical antipsychotic medications to olanzapine.
Goghari, VM; Honer, WG; Khorram, B; Kopala, LC; Lang, DJ; Rui, Q; Smith, GN; Vandorpe, RA, 2006)
"In 73 schizophrenic patients recruited from psychiatric nursing homes, patient characteristics, smoking habits, drug dosing and serum concentrations of clozapine (n=33) and olanzapine (n=40) were registered."( The effect of variable cigarette consumption on the interaction with clozapine and olanzapine.
Eikeseth, PH; Haslemo, T; Molden, E; Refsum, H; Tanum, L, 2006)
" Dosing was determined by clinical judgment."( Switching to olanzapine after unsuccessful treatment with risperidone during the first episode of schizophrenia: an open-label trial.
Higuchi, H; Ishigooka, J; Kamata, M; Takahashi, H; Yoshida, K, 2006)
" The mean dosage of olanzapine was 15."( Switching to olanzapine after unsuccessful treatment with risperidone during the first episode of schizophrenia: an open-label trial.
Higuchi, H; Ishigooka, J; Kamata, M; Takahashi, H; Yoshida, K, 2006)
"A 57-year-old man with a 30 year history of schizophrenia had been taking olanzapine for 4 years, with the dosage titrated to 20 mg/day, to control the psychosis."( Efficacy with high-dose aripiprazole after olanzapine-related metabolic disturbances.
Chavez, B; Poveda, RA, 2006)
", dosage adjustments, behavioral or psychosocial interventions) before switching medications."( Effectiveness of switching antipsychotic medications.
Covell, NH; Davis, SM; Essock, SM; Lieberman, JA; Rosenheck, RA; Stroup, TS, 2006)
" Dosing between children and adolescents significantly differed in the olanzapine group, whereas dosing was comparable in the ziprasidone group."( A naturalistic evaluation of intramuscular ziprasidone versus intramuscular olanzapine for the management of acute agitation and aggression in children and adolescents.
Khan, SS; Mican, LM, 2006)
"Thirty-eight outpatients on long-term treatment with clozapine (250-500 mg/d, n = 10), olanzapine (10-20 mg/d, n = 12), risperidone (3-6 mg/d, n = 9), or quetiapine (200-600 mg/d, n = 7) received adjunctive topiramate, gradually titrated up to a final dosage of 200 mg/d for 6 weeks."( Effect of topiramate on plasma concentrations of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine in patients with psychotic disorders.
Bruno, A; Cacciola, M; Campolo, D; Cortese, L; D'Arrigo, C; Migliardi, G; Santoro, V; Spina, E, )
" However, supplemental oral olanzapine or another dosing strategy may be necessary to maintain adequate therapeutic response during the first few injection cycles."( D2 receptor occupancy of olanzapine pamoate depot using positron emission tomography: an open-label study in patients with schizophrenia.
Barsoum, P; Kapur, S; Keshavan, M; Kothare, PA; Laruelle, M; Mamo, D; McDonnell, D; Taylor, CC, 2008)
"There is no evidence that haloperidol in low dosage has different efficacy in comparison with the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone in the management of delirium or has a greater frequency of adverse drug effects than these drugs."( Antipsychotics for delirium.
Britton, AM; Lonergan, E; Luxenberg, J; Wyller, T, 2007)
" The pharmacokinetics of olanzapine has been described as linear and dose-proportional throughout the therapeutic dosing range."( Serum levels of olanzapine in a non-fatal overdose.
Asplund, C; Hägg, S; Lakso, HA; Lennestål, R; Mjörndal, T; Nilsson, M, 2007)
"Children, ages 10-18 years, who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and who were resistant or intolerant to at least two antipsychotic drugs were randomized to receive 12 weeks of double-blind flexibly dosed treatment with clozapine (n = 18) or "high-dose" olanzapine (up to 30 mg/day) (n = 21)."( Clozapine and "high-dose" olanzapine in refractory early-onset schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized and double-blind comparison.
Correll, CU; De Thomas, C; Gerbino-Rosen, G; Kafantaris, V; Kane, JM; Kester, HM; Kranzler, H; Kumra, S, 2008)
" Conversely, upon smoking cessation, smokers may require a reduction in the dosage of an interacting medication."( Drug interactions with smoking.
Kroon, LA, 2007)
" Future prospective studies are necessary to clarify whether the prescribed dosage should be different in young and older patients."( Age and gender effects on olanzapine and risperidone plasma concentrations in children and adolescents.
Aichhorn, W; Hinterhuber, H; Kemmler, G; Marksteiner, J; Stuppaeck, C; Walch, T; Zernig, G, 2007)
"The trial was a prospective, open-label, single-center one with a flexible dosing of SGAs."( Differences in the effect of second-generation antipsychotics on prolactinaemia: six weeks open-label trial in female in-patients.
Cejpková, A; Rodáková, I; Svestka, J; Synek, O; Tomanová, J, 2007)
" Haloperidol (mean dosage 4,1 mg daily) was administered to 17 patients and trifluoperazine (mean dosage 7,1 mg daily) to 14 patients."( [Prescription of traditional neuroleptics in the remission period for schizophrenic patients with excess of body mass caused by atypical antipsychotics].
Danilov, DS; Tiul'pin, IuG, 2007)
" Neuroleptic drugs can produce severe side effects and need careful dosage and monitoring."( [Delusion in the critical patient].
Palencia-Herrejón, E; Romera, MA; Silva, JA, 2008)
" Olanzapine treatment was started with a daily dosage of 15 mg."( Olanzapine treatment during breast feeding: a case report.
Bartels, M; Gaertner, HJ; Lutz, UC; Orlikowsky, T; Wiatr, G, 2008)
" The fourth patient showed RLS symptoms that were initially caused by a 20-mg daily olanzapine dosage and were later mitigated when olanzapine was reduced and ropinirole was administered."( Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements during sleep probably associated with olanzapine.
Kang, SG; Kim, L; Lee, HJ, 2009)
"The objective of this study was to assess the dose-response relationship of standard and higher doses of olanzapine in a randomized, double-blind, 8-week, fixed-dose study comparing olanzapine 10 (n = 199), 20 (n = 200), and 40 mg/d (n = 200) for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and suboptimal response to current treatment."( Standard and higher dose of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose study.
Adams, DH; Buckley, PF; Chen, L; Citrome, L; Edwards, SE; Kinon, BJ; Lieberman, JA; Lindenmayer, JP; Liu-Seifert, H; McEvoy, JP; Meltzer, HY; Stauffer, V; Volavka, J; Wilson, DR, 2008)
" However, the question whether olanzapine treats, ameliorates, or masks preexisting tardive dyskinesia was difficult to answer, as no dosage reduction or withdrawal was undertaken."( The impact of olanzapine on tardive dyskinetic symptoms in a state hospital population.
Appel, N; Brar, JS; Chalasani, L; Chengappa, KN; Gopalani, A; Parepally, H, )
" Daily dosage of olanzapine was adjusted to the clinical condition of the patient and it varied from 5 to 20 mg a day."( Statistical evaluation of olanzapine efficacy in catamnesticly investigated patients.
Djedjibegovic, J; Jovanovic-Gmaz, M; Kapetanovic, D; Sahović, D; Skrbo, A; Todorovic, L, 2008)
" Deficits were unrelated to drug dosage and clinical ratings."( Effects of second-generation antipsychotic medication on smooth pursuit performance in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia.
Harris, MS; Keshavan, MS; Lencer, R; Reilly, JL; Sprenger, A; Sweeney, JA, 2008)
" This 5-day, randomized, double-blind trial evaluated relative improvements in agitation in hospitalized patients who received orally dosed olanzapine (n = 306, 20 mg/d) or aripiprazole (n = 298, 15 mg/d, increasing to 30 mg/d as needed)."( Olanzapine versus aripiprazole for the treatment of agitation in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia.
Chen, L; Kinon, BJ; Kollack-Walker, S; Sniadecki, J; Stauffer, VL, 2008)
" Treatment was at the psychiatrist's discretion, including flexible dosing and use of concomitant therapies and medications, with assessments at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months."( Long-term antipsychotic monotherapy for schizophrenia: disease burden and comparative outcomes for patients treated with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol monotherapy in a pan-continental observational study.
Anders, M; Dossenbach, M; Irimia, V; Kotler, M; Logozar-Perkovic, D; Lowry, AJ; Pecenak, J; Peciukaitiene, D; Smulevich, AB; Szulc, A; Treuer, T; West, TM, 2008)
"To evaluate treatment with variably dosed olanzapine in individuals with borderline personality disorder."( Olanzapine for the treatment of borderline personality disorder: variable dose 12-week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Bateman, A; Bohus, M; Corya, S; Deberdt, W; Detke, HC; Lin, D; Schulz, SC; Tanaka, Y; Trzaskoma, Q; Zanarini, MC, 2008)
" Divalproex ER was initiated on day 1 at 20 mg/kg per day q AM and was titrated to clinical effect on days 3, 7, and 10, not to exceed a maximum dosage of 35 mg/kg per day."( Divalproex ER combined with olanzapine or risperidone for treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia.
Abi-Saab, W; Baker, J; Casey, DE; Daniel, DG; Greco, N; Kane, JM; Redden, L; Saltarelli, M; Tamminga, C; Tran-Johnson, T; Wozniak, P, 2009)
"The mean daily dosage of olanzapine was 10."( The safety of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a pooled analysis of 4 clinical trials.
Carlson, JL; Dittmann, RW; Kryzhanovskaya, LA; Merida, KM; Robertson-Plouch, CK; Xu, W, 2009)
"The primary objective of this observational research was to study the evolution of the olanzapine dosage under naturalistic settings."( [Pattern and evolution of the prescription of olanzapine during one year: Results of the cohort study ECOL].
Chartier, F; Deal, C; Flandre, P; Fourrier-Réglat, A; Gasquet, I; Heurtebize, N; Perrin, E, 2009)
" At second month of treatment clinicians were requested to very well document any changes in olanzapine dosage as well as reasons for the dosage modifications and potential coprescriptions."( [Pattern and evolution of the prescription of olanzapine during one year: Results of the cohort study ECOL].
Chartier, F; Deal, C; Flandre, P; Fourrier-Réglat, A; Gasquet, I; Heurtebize, N; Perrin, E, 2009)
" In the first case report, the patient was switched to olanzapine ODT in daily dosage of 20 mg, while in the second case report, the patient was switched to olanzapine ODT in daily dosage of 15 mg, and weight loss was similar (14 kg vs."( Weight loss during therapy with olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets: two case reports.
Jakovljević, M; Kozumplik, O; Uzun, S, 2009)
" The patient improved with olanzapine at a dosage of 20 mg daily."( Psychosis secondary to traumatic brain injury.
Carvalho, M; Gois, C; Guerreiro, DF; Navarro, R; Silva, M, 2009)
" Prompt dosage of CK should be performed."( [Olanzapine induced rhabdomyolysis and serum creatine kinase increase].
Cathébras, P; Guy, C; Koenig, M; Ribeyron, S, 2009)
"The aim of this study was to assess the bioequivalence of 2 commercial 10-mg tablet formulations of olanzapine by statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters C(max), AUC from 0 to 72 hours after dosing (AUC(0-72)), and AUC(0-infinity) as required by the Egyptian health authority for the marketing of a generic product."( A single-dose, randomized, two-way crossover study comparing two olanzapine tablet products in healthy adult male volunteers under fasting conditions.
Elshafeey, AH; Elsherbiny, MA; Fathallah, MM, 2009)
" However the impact of their high dose related side effects on their low dosage related neuroprotectivity is still unknown."( Olanzapine does not aggrevate ischemic neuronal injury by focal cerebral ischemia: a dose related restriction of the neuroprotective effect?
Kilic, E; Yuluğ, B, 2009)
" The preferred switch strategy was immediate discontinuation, and the preferred dosing regimen was 120 mg/day."( Efficacy and tolerability of switching to ziprasidone from olanzapine, risperidone or haloperidol: an international, multicenter study.
Akkaya, C; Alptekin, K; Brook, S; Danaci, AE; El Tallawy, H; Hafez, J; Karayal, ON; Lowe, W; Tzebelikos, E; Ucok, A, 2009)
" In conclusion, dosing of olanzapine in clinical practice is higher than what has been established in the registration program for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder."( Olanzapine dosing above the licensed range is more efficacious than lower doses: fact or fiction?
Citrome, L; Kantrowitz, JT, 2009)
"3 times higher after controlling for dosing potency)."( Short- and long-term effects on prolactin of risperidone and olanzapine treatments in children and adolescents.
D'Arrigo, C; de Leon, J; Diaz, FJ; Gagliano, A; Germanò, E; Migliardi, G; Siracusano, R; Spina, E, 2009)
" The products formed in marketed tablet dosage forms are similar to those formed in standard drug solutions under similar stress conditions."( Development of a stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in combined dosage forms.
Pathak, A; Rajput, SJ, 2009)
" If the patient is currently taking other mood stabilizers, their dosage should be optimized, and the clinician should consider adding or switching to lithium, quetiapine, or lamotrigine."( The psychopharmacology algorithm project at the Harvard South Shore Program: an update on bipolar depression.
Ansari, A; Osser, DN, )
" Plasma samples were collected before the medications were given and 12h after the bedtime dosing each week."( Gender-specific prolactin response to antipsychotic treatments with risperidone and olanzapine and its relationship to drug concentrations in patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia.
Furukori, H; Kaneko, S; Nakagami, T; Saito, M; Sato, Y; Sugawara, N; Tsuchimine, S; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2010)
" Reports that included serum concentrations consistently found elevations following smoking cessation, and dosage reductions of 30-40% were required to achieve pre-cessation concentrations."( Impact of tobacco smoking cessation on stable clozapine or olanzapine treatment.
Ackman, ML; Lowe, EJ, 2010)
" Measurement of baseline serum clozapine concentrations and/or empiric dosage adjustment in patients expected to have a prolonged hospital stay with forced smoking cessation may be appropriate."( Impact of tobacco smoking cessation on stable clozapine or olanzapine treatment.
Ackman, ML; Lowe, EJ, 2010)
" In addition, olanzapine pharmacokinetic parameters in adolescents were compared with those in adults to guide appropriate dosing recommendations for adolescent patients."( Oral olanzapine disposition in adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder: a population pharmacokinetic model.
Bergstrom, RF; Hong, Q; Lobo, ED; Quinlan, T; Robertson-Plouch, C, 2010)
" Patients treated with greater amounts of chlorpromazine-equivalent daily dosage had smaller anterior internal capsule volumes at baseline (r = -0."( Anterior internal capsule volumes increase in patients with schizophrenia switched from typical antipsychotics to olanzapine.
Barr, AM; Goghari, VM; Götz, J; Honer, WG; Khorram, B; Kopala, LC; Lang, DJ; Smith, GN; Vandorpe, RA, 2011)
" Prolactin concentrations before dosing during risperidone treatment were significantly higher than during treatment with olanzapine and perospirone in females."( Prolactin fluctuation over the course of a day during treatments with three atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients.
Fujii, A; Furukori, H; Inoue, Y; Kaneko, S; Sugawara, N; Tsuchimine, S; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2010)
" In order to provide a dosing comparison to a therapeutically relevant endpoint, both drugs were tested against amphetamine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition as well."( Disruption of conditioned reward association by typical and atypical antipsychotics.
Danna, CL; Elmer, GI, 2010)
" Further investigations are warranted to identify patient characteristics and antipsychotic dosage regimens that are not associated with a greater risk of mortality in elderly patients with dementia."( Are all commonly prescribed antipsychotics associated with greater mortality in elderly male veterans with dementia?
Dysken, MW; Lederle, FA; Rector, TS; Rossom, RC, 2010)
" In the first experiment, rats dosed only with olanzapine gained a statistically significant amount of weight."( Selective glucocorticoid receptor (type II) antagonist prevents and reverses olanzapine-induced weight gain.
Belanoff, JK; Blasey, CM; Clark, RD; Roe, RL, 2010)
"Manufacturing irregularities, improper drug reconstitution, and inappropriate dosing were ruled out as possible causes of PDSS."( Post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine long-acting injection, II: investigations of mechanism.
Bergstrom, RF; Detke, HC; Johnson, J; Kothare, P; McDonnell, DP; Mitchell, MI; Sanchez-Felix, MV; Sorsaburu, S; Stickelmeyer, M, 2010)
" The three protocols differ in many aspects (routes of administration, extent of the chronic treatment, diets, and dosage regimen), and the pros and cons of each procedure are systematically detailed throughout."( A murine model of atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic dysregulation.
Coccurello, R; Moles, A, 2010)
"Individuals in the extended dosing group were not at greater risk of symptom exacerbation, relapse, or rehospitalization; indeed, more rehospitalizations occurred in those receiving regular dosing."( "Extended" antipsychotic dosing in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Feingold, A; Kapur, S; Mann, S; Remington, G; Seeman, P; Shammi, C, 2011)
" After the OGTT, the medication was switched to another by decreasing the previous dosage gradually over 2 to 8 months after the initiation of the second medicine."( A crossover study on the glucose metabolism between treatment with olanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenic patients.
Furukori, H; Kaneko, S; Nakagami, T; Saito, M; Sato, Y; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2010)
" Pharmacokinetic modeling was conducted to evaluate the resulting dosing recommendations."( Dose correspondence between olanzapine long-acting injection and oral olanzapine: recommendations for switching.
Carlson, J; Detke, HC; Garhyan, P; McDonnell, D; Zhao, F, 2011)
" Previous animal model studies have utilised a range of olanzapine dosages, however the dosage that better mimics the human scenario of olanzapine-induced weight gain is unclear."( Olanzapine treatment and metabolic dysfunction: a dose response study in female Sprague Dawley rats.
Deng, C; Huang, XF; Weston-Green, K, 2011)
"A simple, sensitive and reproducible ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a photodiode array detector method was developed for the quantitative determination of olanzapine (OLN) in API and pharmaceutical dosage forms."( Development of a stability-indicating UPLC method for determining olanzapine and its associated degradation products present in active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Krishnaiah, Ch; Kumar, R; Mukkanti, K; Vishnu Murthy, M, 2011)
" Side effects were assessed with Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale, other symptom-specific scales, laboratory and instrumental tests."( Olanzapine vs. risperidone in treating aggressive behaviours in adults with intellectual disability: a single blind study.
Amore, M; Bertelli, M; Rossi, M; Tamborini, S; Villani, D, 2011)
" Psychiatry was consulted, and a monthlong cross-taper to discontinue olanzapine and initiate aripiprazole with a target dosage of 20 mg daily was recommended."( Olanzapine-induced parkinsonism associated with smoking cessation.
Arnoldi, J; Repking, N, 2011)
" This previously unreported sensitization phenomenon represents a novel finding that may have clinical implications for patients receiving intermittent antipsychotic drug dosing or with variable adherence to treatment."( Intermittent treatment with olanzapine causes sensitization of the metabolic side-effects in rats.
Barr, AM; Boyda, HN; Honer, WG; Pang, CC; Procyshyn, RM; Tse, L; Wong, D, 2012)
"Two bioequivalence studies were carried out in healthy volunteers in order to compare the rate and extent of absorption of two dosage forms (film-coated tablet and orodispersible tablet) of oral olanzapine (CAS 132539-06-1) 10 mg test formulations and the respective brand formulations as reference."( Bioequivalence evaluation of two dosage forms of olanzapine 10 mg formulations in healthy volunteers.
Arcabell, M; Cabré, F; Cánovas, M; Cebrecos, J; Domenech, G; Manríquez, M; Martínez, G; Pelagio, P; Torres, F, 2011)
" The sensitivity of olanzapine dosage to predict EEG changes was 66."( EEG alterations during treatment with olanzapine.
Bias, F; Degner, D; Nitsche, MA; Reulbach, U; Rüther, E, 2011)
"OCS were significantly more prevalent and severe in group I, in which OCS severity correlated with dosage of clozapine and duration of treatment."( Antiserotonergic antipsychotics are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia.
Englisch, S; Esslinger, C; Meyer-Lindenberg, A; Rausch, F; Schirmbeck, F; Zink, M, 2011)
"The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dipyridamole monotherapy of 200 mg/day on positive and negative symptoms, with the goal of determining dosing for future adjunctive studies in schizophrenia."( Dipyridamole monotherapy in schizophrenia: pilot of a novel treatment approach by modulation of purinergic signaling.
Adami, H; Allen-Emerson, R; Gopinath, HV; Hong, LE; Liu, J; McMahon, RP; Thaker, GK; Wonodi, I, 2011)
" Olanzapine was added to milnacipran, and its dosage was adjusted according to each patient."( Olanzapine augmentation of milnacipran for stage 2 treatment-resistant major depression: an open study.
Boku, S; Honma, H; Inoue, T; Koyama, T; Nakagawa, S, 2011)
"Participants, who were recently admitted inpatients with schizophrenia with an acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms, were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with 40 mg of lurasidone, 120 mg of lurasidone, 15 mg of olanzapine (included to test for assay sensitivity), or placebo, dosed once daily."( Lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and olanzapine-controlled study.
Cucchiaro, J; Kalali, AH; Loebel, A; Meltzer, HY; Ogasa, M; Phillips, D; Pikalov, A; Schweizer, E; Silva, R; Xu, J, 2011)
" Next, training was suspended and the mice received a maintenance dosing regimen in which they were injected twice daily with 10 mg/kg N-desmethylclozapine for 10 days."( The metabolites N-desmethylclozapine and N-desmethylolanzapine produce cross-tolerance to the discriminative stimulus of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine in C57BL/6 mice.
Meltzer, HY; Porter, JH; Webster, KA; Wiebelhaus, JM, 2011)
"Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with a body mass index ≥ 27 and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl who were on a stable treatment dosage of olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone were randomly assigned to switch to ari-piprazole (N=109) for 24 weeks or stay on their current medication (N=106)."( A randomized trial examining the effectiveness of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole to reduce metabolic risk: comparison of antipsychotics for metabolic problems (CAMP).
Hamer, RH; LaVange, LM; Lieberman, JA; McEvoy, JP; Nussbaum, AM; Perkins, DO; Ring, KD; Rosenheck, RA; Stroup, TS; Swartz, MS, 2011)
" Thus, developed formulation of olanzapine is expected to improve the patient compliance, form better dosage regimen, and provide maintenance therapy to psychotic patients."( Formulation, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of matrix-type transdermal patches containing olanzapine.
Aggarwal, G; Dhawan, S; Harikumar, SL, )
" The FGA group demonstrated that extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) worsened under an increased dosage of anti-EPS drugs."( Risperidone and olanzapine versus another first generation antipsychotic in patients with schizophrenia inadequately responsive to first generation antipsychotics.
Chan, HY; Chen, CH; Chen, JJ; Gau, SS; Hwu, HG, 2012)
" Propensity-stratified and propensity-weighted models as well as analyses controlling for site of care and medication dosage revealed similar patterns."( Risk of mortality among individual antipsychotics in patients with dementia.
Blow, FC; Chiang, C; Cunningham, F; Kales, HC; Kim, HM; Schneider, LS; Seyfried, LS; Valenstein, M; Zivin, K, 2012)
" Also, data from the three active dosing arms were combined and compared to placebo data."( Effects of olanzapine long-acting injection on levels of functioning among acutely ill patients with schizophrenia.
Ascher-Svanum, H; Case, MG; Schuh, KJ; Witte, MM, 2012)
" The dosage of pre-existing atypical antipsychotics was fixed, while the dosage of aripiprazole ranged from 5 to 20 mg/day during the study period."( Adjunctive effects of aripiprazole on metabolic profiles: comparison of patients treated with olanzapine to patients treated with other atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Chen, CK; Hsiao, CC; Huang, YS; Ree, SC; Wang, LJ, 2013)
"All trials were industry supported, with some variability in dosage of haloperidol."( Lower rate of depressive switch following antimanic treatment with second-generation antipsychotics versus haloperidol.
Capapey, J; Colom, F; Goikolea, JM; Grande, I; Sanchez-Moreno, J; Torres, I; Undurraga, J; Valentí, M; Vieta, E, 2013)
" We wonder if we should have kept olanzapine and strengthen its dosage like Cassidy et al."( [Acute catatonia: Questions, diagnosis and prognostics, and the place of atypical antipsychotics].
Belaizi, M; Bichra, MZ; Bouchikhi Idrissi, ML; Mehssani, J; Yahia, A, 2013)
" This compound is efficacious when dosed orally in an olanzapine-induced weight gain model in rats."( Discovery of a novel non-steroidal GR antagonist with in vivo efficacy in the olanzapine-induced weight gain model in the rat.
Ahmed, S; Belanoff, J; Blasey, C; Buckley, G; Clark, RD; Daly, S; Hunt, HJ; Hynd, G; Lockey, P; O'Connor, E; Ray, NC; Roe, R; Sajad, M; Sutton, J, 2012)
"OFC trades simplicity of administration for loss of flexibility of dosing and lack of a generic preparation, both of which are available for olanzapine and fluoxetine separately."( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of olanzapine + fluoxetine for the treatment of bipolar depression.
Dubovsky, SL, 2013)
" We treated adolescent, male rats with olanzapine (Ola) on post-natal days 28-49, under dosing conditions that approximate those employed therapeutically in humans."( Olanzapine treatment of adolescent rats alters adult reward behaviour and nucleus accumbens function.
Bailey, AM; Burke, JS; Cheer, JF; Elnabawi, A; Frost, DO; Kallevang, JK; Kolb, B; Lansink, CS; Merchenthaler, I; Milstein, JA; Turek, KC; Vinish, M, 2013)
"To examine the effectiveness of switching patients to lurasidone using 3 different dosing strategies."( Effectiveness of lurasidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder switched from other antipsychotics: a randomized, 6-week, open-label study.
Citrome, L; Cucchiaro, J; Hernandez, D; Hsu, J; Loebel, A; McEvoy, JP; Pikalov, A, 2013)
"Adults with DSM-IV-defined schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a nonacute phase of illness were randomized to 1 of 3 lurasidone dosing regimens for the initial 2 weeks of the study: (1) 40 mg/d for 2 weeks; (2) 40 mg/d for 1 week, increased to 80 mg/d on day 8 for week 2 (up-titration group); and (3) 80 mg/d for 2 weeks."( Effectiveness of lurasidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder switched from other antipsychotics: a randomized, 6-week, open-label study.
Citrome, L; Cucchiaro, J; Hernandez, D; Hsu, J; Loebel, A; McEvoy, JP; Pikalov, A, 2013)
"Patients who completed a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy of fixed doses of once-daily lurasidone (40 or 120 mg) or olanzapine 15 mg (to confirm assay sensitivity) were eligible to receive flexibly dosed lurasidone 40 to 120 mg/d in this 6-month, open-label extension study (conducted from March 2008 to December 2009)."( Effectiveness of lurasidone for patients with schizophrenia following 6 weeks of acute treatment with lurasidone, olanzapine, or placebo: a 6-month, open-label, extension study.
Cucchiaro, J; Hsu, J; Loebel, A; Pikalov, A; Simonelli, D; Stahl, SM, 2013)
"Open-label treatment with flexibly dosed lurasidone (40-120 mg/d) was generally safe, well tolerated, and effective over a 6-month period in patients who had completed a preceding 6-week, double-blind study."( Effectiveness of lurasidone for patients with schizophrenia following 6 weeks of acute treatment with lurasidone, olanzapine, or placebo: a 6-month, open-label, extension study.
Cucchiaro, J; Hsu, J; Loebel, A; Pikalov, A; Simonelli, D; Stahl, SM, 2013)
" The effect size-dose relationship showed a typical dose-response curve with minimal rise in slope for doses higher than 10 mg/d."( Olanzapine: a systematic review and meta-regression of the relationships between dose, plasma concentration, receptor occupancy, and response.
Bishara, D; Kapur, S; Olofinjana, O; Patel, MX; Sparshatt, A; Taylor, D, 2013)
" This implies that neither the incorrect drug nor the optimal dosage for that patient is achieved."( Considering CYP1A2 phenotype and genotype for optimizing the dose of olanzapine in the management of schizophrenia.
Forrest, A; Gross, AS; McLachlan, AJ; Perera, V; Polasek, TM; Qin, Y; Rao, G; Xu, J, 2013)
" Furthermore, the authors discuss the utilization of phenotyping and genotyping of CYP1A2 and their potential utility in clinical practice for olanzapine dosing regimens."( Considering CYP1A2 phenotype and genotype for optimizing the dose of olanzapine in the management of schizophrenia.
Forrest, A; Gross, AS; McLachlan, AJ; Perera, V; Polasek, TM; Qin, Y; Rao, G; Xu, J, 2013)
" The method was successfully used for the analysis of samples from nonsmoking patients (n = 48) treated with OLZ in the dosage range of 5-20 mg per day."( Determination of olanzapine and N-desmethyl-olanzapine in plasma using a reversed-phase HPLC coupled with coulochemical detection: correlation of olanzapine or N-desmethyl-olanzapine concentration with metabolic parameters.
Chen, YC; Lin, CH; Lu, ML; Wu, TH; Yang, HC, 2013)
" All values were more than 30 ng/mL after 11-16 h from dosing to sample collection, and the mean value was 47."( The possibility that requiring high-dose olanzapine cannot be explained by pharmacokinetics in the treatment of acute-phase schizophrenia.
Hatta, K; Hirata, T; Ito, S; Kasuya, M; Katayama, S; Kuga, H; Morikawa, F; Nakamura, H; Nakamura, M; Nakase, R; Ohnuma, T; Sawa, Y; Shirai, Y; Sudo, Y; Takebayashi, H; Usui, C, 2013)
" This variation in turn gives rise to the need for individualized dosing in order to avoid concentration-dependent adverse effects or therapeutic failure."( Pharmacogenetics of olanzapine metabolism.
Dahl, ML; Söderberg, MM, 2013)
" One-third of children and adolescents had abnormal serum triglycerides and cholesterol; however, a dose-response was not demonstrated."( Metabolic changes in first-episode early-onset schizophrenia with second-generation antipsychotics.
Amminger, GP; Becker, J; O'Donoghue, B; Papageorgiou, K; Schäfer, MR, 2014)
" This analysis evaluated the dosing and interval patterns to compare the actual dosing patterns with the recommended dosing strategy."( Real-world use patterns of olanzapine long-acting injection in the United States: comparison to the recommended dosing strategy.
Case, MG; Hoffmann, VP; Karagianis, JL; Schuh, KJ, 2013)
" The study is limited by a database that does not include reasons for dose and dosing interval decisions or reasons for delaying or discontinuing treatment."( Real-world use patterns of olanzapine long-acting injection in the United States: comparison to the recommended dosing strategy.
Case, MG; Hoffmann, VP; Karagianis, JL; Schuh, KJ, 2013)
" Dosing of olanzapine was established based on inhibition of amphetamine-induced locomotion."( Effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) olanzapine on insulin sensitivity and secretion in vivo: an animal model.
Arenovich, T; Chintoh, A; Cohn, T; Fletcher, P; Giacca, A; Guenette, M; Hahn, MK; Lam, L; Mann, S; Nobrega, J; Remington, G; Teo, C, 2014)
" The PK properties suggested prolonged release providing sustained olanzapine plasma concentrations and supporting a dosing interval ≤4 weeks."( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of olanzapine long-acting injection: an open-label, multicenter, nonrandomized study in patients with schizophrenia.
Bergstrom, R; Jen, KY; Johnson, J; Kothare, P; McDonnell, D; Mitchell, M; Walker, D; Zhao, F, 2013)
" Establishing a drug dosing regimen that balances benefit and risk, and minimizes ADEs in older populations can be challenging."( Quantitative drug benefit-risk assessment: utility of modeling and simulation to optimize drug safety in older adults.
Crentsil, V; Jackson, A; Lee, J, 2014)
"The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of modeling, simulation, and risk-benefit acceptability methods to establish a drug dosing regimen that balances benefit and risk."( Quantitative drug benefit-risk assessment: utility of modeling and simulation to optimize drug safety in older adults.
Crentsil, V; Jackson, A; Lee, J, 2014)
"Our study introduces a real-world approach for finding the safe drug dosing regimen without extensive exposure of a vulnerable and older population to drugs."( Quantitative drug benefit-risk assessment: utility of modeling and simulation to optimize drug safety in older adults.
Crentsil, V; Jackson, A; Lee, J, 2014)
" All patients were titrated on iloperidone to 6mg BID by Day 4, then flexibly dosing between 6 and 12mg BID, as needed."( A trial evaluating gradual- or immediate-switch strategies from risperidone, olanzapine, or aripiprazole to iloperidone in patients with schizophrenia.
Alva, G; Brams, M; Citrome, L; Glick, ID; Hochfeld, M; Jackson, R; Kianifard, F; Mattingly, G; Meng, X; Pestreich, L; Weiden, PJ; Winseck, A, 2014)
" Dosing thereafter was flexible (150-405 mg/4 weeks of LAI vs 5-20 mg/d of oral)."( Comparison of olanzapine long-acting injection and oral olanzapine: a 2-year, randomized, open-label study in outpatients with schizophrenia.
Ascher-Svanum, H; Brunner, E; Choukour, M; Detke, HC; Llorca, PM; Watson, SB; Weiden, PJ, 2014)
" Renal dosing for topiramate, reduction in PIMs/anticholinergic burden, and substituting haloperidol for olanzapine resolved his violent behavior and CD."( Capgras delusion with violent behavior in Alzheimer dementia: case analysis with literature review.
Dawood, A; Kaufman, KR; Newman, NB, 2014)
" Peak-to-trough fluctuation was greater for the 4-week dosing interval than the 2-week one, with no apparent clinical ramifications for these differences."( Pharmacokinetics of olanzapine long-acting injection: the clinical perspective.
Bergstrom, RF; Detke, HC; Heres, S; Kraemer, S, 2014)
" Patients received flexibly dosed (45-405 mg) olanzapine LAI every 2-4 weeks."( Long-term safety and efficacy of olanzapine long-acting injection in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a 6-year, multinational, single-arm, open-label study.
Detke, HC; Landry, J; McDonnell, DP, 2014)
" We therefore propose a 50% dosage increase of olanzapine when combining with a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor."( Effect of fosamprenavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose olanzapine in healthy volunteers.
Burger, DM; Colbers, AP; Jacobs, BS; Schouwenberg, BJ; Velthoven-Graafland, K, 2014)
" Further and larger studies are needed before genotype-based dosage recommendations can help patients treated with CYP1A2 metabolized drugs."( CYP1A2*1D and *1F polymorphisms have a significant impact on olanzapine serum concentrations.
Czerwensky, F; Leucht, S; Steimer, W, 2015)
"Results provide some support for the notion that dosage is an important consideration in relation to effectiveness; however, the cost-benefit balance does not support the clinical utility of olanzapine in treating alcohol dependence."( Dose specific effects of olanzapine in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Arenella, P; Bogenschutz, M; Bryan, AD; Claus, ED; Ewing, SW; Hutchison, KE; Karoly, H; Littlewood, RA, 2015)
" Indeed, we and others have previously reported that treatment of adolescent rats with olanzapine (OLA; a widely prescribed AAPD) on postnatal days 28-49, under dosing conditions that approximate those employed therapeutically in humans, causes long-term behavioral and neurobiological perturbations."( Olanzapine antipsychotic treatment of adolescent rats causes long term changes in glutamate and GABA levels in the nucleus accumbens.
Frost, DO; Gullapalli, RP; Xu, S, 2015)
" Patients were given a dosage of either 210 or 300 or 405 mg of OLZ-LAI every 28 days."( "Long-acting" olanzapine in maintenance therapy of schizophrenia: A study with plasma levels.
Altamura, CA; Di Pace, C; Maffini, M; Mauri, MC; Moliterno, D; Paletta, S; Reggiori, A; Rovera, C, 2015)
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of once- versus twice-daily dosing of risperidone and olanzapine on clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia."( Effectiveness of different dosing regimens of risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenia.
Agid, O; Fervaha, G; Lee, J; Remington, G; Takeuchi, H, 2015)
" The incremental dosage of olanzapine from 5 to 20 mg/day was given but failed to control her psychotic symptoms during the first week, and was therefore switched to risperidone."( Chemotherapy-induced acute psychosis in a patient with malignant germ cell tumour.
Pongpirul, K; Puangthong, U, 2015)
" They received 100 mg dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or placebo as an augmentation of olanzapine treatment (an average dosage 15 mg/day)."( [The stabilizing effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine - a randomized, double-blind trial].
Holka-Pokorska, JA; Jarema, M; Radzio, R; Wichniak, A, )
" There was no support for a dose-response relationship for any drug combination."( Skating on thin ice: pragmatic prescribing for medication refractory schizophrenia.
Joyce, DW; Mateos Fernandez, MJ; Sarkar, SN; Shergill, SS; Tracy, DK, 2015)
" This may be typically taken only for a few days, at a dosage range of 5-50 mg/day."( Olanzapine as the ideal "trip terminator"? Analysis of online reports relating to antipsychotics' use and misuse following occurrence of novel psychoactive substance-related psychotic symptoms.
Bersani, FS; Bersani, G; Corazza, O; Melcore, C; Metastasio, A; Schifano, F; Valeriani, G, 2015)
"Population pharmacokinetics can predict antipsychotic blood concentrations at a given time point prior to a dosage change."( Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Occupancy Following Dose Reduction Is Predictable With Minimal Plasma Antipsychotic Concentrations: An Open-Label Clinical Trial.
Bies, RR; Caravaggio, F; Gerretsen, P; Graff-Guerrero, A; Mamo, DC; Mar, W; Mulsant, BH; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Suzuki, T; Uchida, H, 2016)
"D2/3R occupancy levels can be predicted from blood drug concentrations collected prior to dosage change."( Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Occupancy Following Dose Reduction Is Predictable With Minimal Plasma Antipsychotic Concentrations: An Open-Label Clinical Trial.
Bies, RR; Caravaggio, F; Gerretsen, P; Graff-Guerrero, A; Mamo, DC; Mar, W; Mulsant, BH; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Suzuki, T; Uchida, H, 2016)
"Due to high inter-individual variability in peripheral pharmacokinetic parameters, dosing of antipsychotics currently relies on clinical trial-and-error, and predicting antipsychotic plasma concentrations before changing a dose has been a challenge."( Predicting Plasma Olanzapine Concentration Following a Change in Dosage: A Population Pharmacokinetic Study.
Bies, RR; Caravaggio, F; Graff-Guerrero, A; Mamo, DC; Mimura, M; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Suzuki, T; Takeuchi, H; Tsuboi, T; Uchida, H, 2015)
" At least 7 days after a dosage change of olanzapine, a third sample was collected."( Predicting Plasma Olanzapine Concentration Following a Change in Dosage: A Population Pharmacokinetic Study.
Bies, RR; Caravaggio, F; Graff-Guerrero, A; Mamo, DC; Mimura, M; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Suzuki, T; Takeuchi, H; Tsuboi, T; Uchida, H, 2015)
"Plasma olanzapine concentrations following an actual dosage change can be predicted in advance with a high degree of certainty."( Predicting Plasma Olanzapine Concentration Following a Change in Dosage: A Population Pharmacokinetic Study.
Bies, RR; Caravaggio, F; Graff-Guerrero, A; Mamo, DC; Mimura, M; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Suzuki, T; Takeuchi, H; Tsuboi, T; Uchida, H, 2015)
" Moreover, available tools that guide dosing in neuropsychiatric pediatric patients are scant, leading to the possibility of reduced efficacy and/or increased risks of toxicity."( Therapeutic drug monitoring of second-generation antipsychotics in pediatric patients: an observational study in real-life settings.
Auricchio, F; Baldelli, S; Bernardini, R; Bertella, S; Bravaccio, C; Capuano, A; Carnovale, C; Cattaneo, D; Clementi, E; Ferrajolo, C; Fucile, S; Guastella, G; Mani, E; Molteni, M; Pascotto, A; Pisano, S; Pozzi, M; Radice, S; Rafaniello, C; Riccio, MP; Rizzo, R; Rossi, F; Scuderi, MG; Sperandeo, S; Sportiello, L; Villa, L, 2016)
" Analyses were conducted assuming pooled dosing from randomised clinical trials included in the MTCs."( Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Aripiprazole Once-Monthly for the Treatment of Schizophrenia in the UK.
Beillat, M; Robinson, P; Sapin, C; Tempest, M; Treur, M, 2015)
" The dosage of olanzapine, treatment duration, and duration from initial use until death were collected from the medical records."( Use of olanzapine for the relief of nausea and vomiting in patients with advanced cancer: a multicenter survey in Japan.
Imai, K; Iwase, S; Kaneishi, K; Maeda, I; Matsuo, N; Morita, T; Nishimura, K; Nishina, H; Okamoto, K; Sakurai, N; Sano, H; Suga, A; Takahashi, N; Yamaguchi, T, 2016)
" TDM of both OLZ and DMO levels could assist clinical practice when individualizing OLZ dosage adjustments for patients with schizophrenia."( Application of Plasma Levels of Olanzapine and N-Desmethyl-Olanzapine to Monitor Clinical Efficacy in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Chen, CH; Chen, YH; Kuo, PT; Lin, CH; Lu, ML; Wu, TH; Wu, YX, 2016)
" The safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosage of olanzapine for the rescue of breakthrough CINV should be prospectively evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)."( Olanzapine for the prophylaxis and rescue of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): a retrospective study.
Chiu, L; Chiu, N; Chow, E; Chow, R; DeAngelis, C; Lechner, B; Pasetka, M; Pulenzas, N; Stinson, J; Verma, S; Zhang, L, 2016)
" The study provided an understanding of the conversion pathways of the different forms when they were exposed to humid air or aqueous environments, resembling the transformations that might occur during processing, storage or during the persecution of dissolution tests to assess the quality of dosage forms delivering olanzapine."( Role of moisture on the physical stability of polymorphic olanzapine.
Paisana, MC; Pinto, JF; Wahl, MA, 2016)
" This open-label, parallel-group study was performed to compare finger-stick-based capillary with corresponding venous plasma concentrations for risperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole and their major metabolites after repeated dosing in patients with schizophrenia or related illnesses."( Comparison of Capillary and Venous Plasma Drug Concentrations After Repeated Administration of Risperidone, Paliperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, or Aripiprazole.
Ariyawansa, J; De Meulder, M; Remmerie, B; Savitz, A, 2016)
" Despite estimates being robust following sensitivity analyses, limitations include the potential for residual confounding and ascertainment bias and an inability to examine dosage effects."( Adverse Renal, Endocrine, Hepatic, and Metabolic Events during Maintenance Mood Stabilizer Treatment for Bipolar Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Geddes, JR; Hayes, JF; King, M; Marston, L; Osborn, DP; Walters, K, 2016)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent effects of olanzapine depot administration at clinically relevant dosing on the regulation of energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, gastrointestinal and adipose tissue-derived hormones involved in energy balance regulations in female Sprague-Dawley rats."( Olanzapine-depot administration induces time-dependent changes in adipose tissue endocrine function in rats.
Babinska, Z; Demlova, R; Horska, K; Karpisek, M; Kotolova, H; Opatrilova, R; Ruda-Kucerova, J; Suchy, P, 2016)
" This work aimed at developing an innovative solid dosage form for oral administration based on tableting nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), coated with conventional polymer agents."( Can lipid nanoparticles improve intestinal absorption?
Arnaut, LG; Mendes, M; Pais, AACC; Soares, HT; Sousa, JJ; Vitorino, C, 2016)
" Prolactin levels could assist in the determination of appropriate antipsychotic dosing to minimize adverse effects."( Threshold of Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Occupancy for Hyperprolactinemia in Older Patients With Schizophrenia.
Caravaggio, F; Chung, JK; Gerretsen, P; Graff-Guerrero, A; Iwata, Y; Mamo, DC; Mar, W; Mulsant, BH; Nakajima, S; Plitman, E; Pollock, BG; Rajji, TK; Suzuki, T; Uchida, H, 2016)
"The pharmacometrics analysis and model-based dosing simulations suggest that, in order to achieve 70% D2RO, women require a 10 mg/day dose and men require approximately a 20 mg/day dose of Olanzapine."( A pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation study identifying gender differences of daily olanzapine dose and dopamine D2-receptor occupancy.
Eugene, AR; Masiak, J, 2017)
" The duration of each adequate antipsychotic treatment at optimal dosage was 4 weeks or more."( Algorithm-based pharmacotherapy for first-episode schizophrenia involuntarily hospitalized: A retrospective analysis of real-world practice.
Sato, K; Takaki, M; Yamada, N; Yoshimura, B, 2019)
"5 mg/day dosage of olanzapine is sufficient to prevent from CINV in Japanese patients receiving continuous five-day chemotherapy."( Feasibility of olanzapine, multi acting receptor targeted antipsychotic agent, for the prevention of emesis caused by continuous cisplatin- or ifosfamide-based chemotherapy.
Akagi, T; Bun, S; Fujiwara, Y; Hayashi, Y; Makino, Y; Noguchi, E; Shimizu, C; Shimoi, T; Shimomura, A; Tamura, K; Yonemori, K; Yunokawa, M, 2018)
" Participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks with the following instruments: the Clinical Global Impression Scale, Severity item (CGI-S), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Social Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (BPDSI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, version 11 (BIS-11), Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), and Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES)."( Efficacy and Tolerability of Asenapine Compared with Olanzapine in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.
Bellino, S; Bozzatello, P; Rocca, P; Uscinska, M, 2017)
" Plasma samples were drawn at 11 (SD, 1) hours after dosing and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry."( A Pilot Study of the Usefulness of a Single Olanzapine Plasma Concentration as an Indicator of Early Drug Effect in a Small Sample of First-Episode Psychosis Patients.
Alonso, M; Bustillo, M; González-Pinto, A; Gutiérrez, M; Meana, JJ; Mentxaka, O; Querejeta, I; Segarra, R; Ugarte, A; Zabala, A, 2017)
"Second-generation long-acting injectable therapies (SGA-LAIs) may reduce health care resource utilization (HRU) and health care costs compared with daily oral atypical antipsychotics (OAAs) in patients with schizophrenia due to reduced dosing frequency, delivery/monitoring by a health care provider, and improved adherence."( Treatment Patterns, Health Care Resource Utilization, and Spending in Medicaid Beneficiaries Initiating Second-generation Long-acting Injectable Agents Versus Oral Atypical Antipsychotics.
Emond, B; Joshi, K; Kamstra, R; Lafeuille, MH; Lefebvre, P; Pilon, D; Tandon, N, 2017)
" Repurposing of available PBPK M&S platforms is an option for model-informed precision dosing and requires further study to examine clinical potential."( Prediction of olanzapine exposure in individual patients using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation.
Korprasertthaworn, P; Mohan, T; Perera, V; Polasek, TM; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Rowland, A; Sorich, MJ; Tucker, GT; Wiese, MD, 2018)
" Patients received OLAI in dosage between 210-405 mg (287±62 (mean ± SD)) every 2-4 weeks."( Occurrence of post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome after application of olanzapine long-acting injection during one year period.
Ćelić, I; Kozumplik, O; Mimica, N; Pivac, N; Uzun, S, 2017)
" We sought to determine the change in cognitive function and symptomatology after reducing risperidone or olanzapine dosage in stable schizophrenic patients."( Dose reduction of risperidone and olanzapine can improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in stable schizophrenic patients: A single-blinded, 52-week, randomized controlled study.
Cui, H; Li, D; Li, G; Ning, Y; Zhou, Y, 2018)
" The duration of each adequate antipsychotic treatment at an optimal dosage was 4 weeks or more."( Predictors of remission during acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenia patients involuntarily hospitalized and treated with algorithm-based pharmacotherapy: Secondary analysis of an observational study.
Sakamoto, S; Sato, K; Takaki, M; Yamada, N; Yoshimura, B, 2019)
" There were no differences in first-line antipsychotics, dosage of antipsychotics at time of response and adherence rates to algorithm-based pharmacotherapy between remitters and non-remitters."( Predictors of remission during acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenia patients involuntarily hospitalized and treated with algorithm-based pharmacotherapy: Secondary analysis of an observational study.
Sakamoto, S; Sato, K; Takaki, M; Yamada, N; Yoshimura, B, 2019)
" Insulin therapy was practiced, with progressive dosage reduction, until complete cessation of treatment after 13 months."( Second-generation antipsychotic and diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
Nurchi, AM; Pinna, AP; Podda, F; Ripoli, C; Tronci, MG; Zanni, R, 2017)
" CYP1A2 genotyping may have no clinical implications for personalized dosing of CYP1A2-metabolized antipsychotic drugs."( Impact of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hanprasertpong, N; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Teekachunhatean, S, 2019)
" For patients who maintained long-acting treatment, they received a dosage of 25mg oral olanzapine (min=7."( [Cost-effectiveness study of olanzapine pamoate: Mirror-image analysis after one year].
Burgot, G; Drapier, D; Langrée, B; Marie, N; Potaufeu, J, 2019)
" Olanzapine and samidorphan pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after OLZ/SAM dosing on days 1 and 22."( A Phase I Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Effects of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Administered in Combination in Healthy Human Subjects.
Kumar, V; McDonnell, D; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yu, M, 2019)
"During a period of inflammation in patients taking quetiapine, according to our results, attention in dosing strategies is required to prevent toxic plasma concentrations."( Pathological Concentration of C-reactive Protein is Correlated to Increased Concentrations of Quetiapine, But Not of Risperidone, Olanzapine and Aripiprazole in a Naturalistic Setting.
Deckert, J; Menke, A; Scherf-Clavel, M; Unterecker, S; Weidner, A, 2020)
"Modeling dose-response relationships of drugs is essential to understanding their safety effects on patients under realistic circumstances."( Bayesian Meta-analysis of Multiple Continuous Treatments with Individual Participant-Level Data: An Application to Antipsychotic Drugs.
Horvitz-Lennon, M; Normand, ST; Spertus, J, 2019)
"Both acute and chronic dosing of olanzapine resulted in decreased perfusion in the sensorimotor cortex, while no effect was observed in the piriform cortex or hippocampus."( Olanzapine exposure diminishes perfusion and decreases volume of sensorimotor cortex in rats.
Babinska, Z; Buchtova, M; Drazanova, E; Horska, K; Kotolova, H; Kratka, L; Ruda-Kucerova, J; Skoupy, R; Starcuk, Z; Vaskovicova, N; Vrlikova, L, 2019)
" TDM is also useful in assessing adherence and may have a role in limiting olanzapine dosage geared at minimizing the risk of long-term toxicity."( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Olanzapine and Cytochrome P450 Genotyping in Nonsmoking Subjects.
Baymeeva, NV; Ivanova, SA; Miroshnichenko, II; Pozhidaev, IV, 2020)
" At the time of randomization, the median dosage of sertraline was 150 mg/d (interquartile range [IQR], 150-200 mg/d) and the median dosage of olanzapine was 15 mg/d (IQR, 10-20 mg/d)."( Effect of Continuing Olanzapine vs Placebo on Relapse Among Patients With Psychotic Depression in Remission: The STOP-PD II Randomized Clinical Trial.
Alexopoulos, GS; Banerjee, S; Flint, AJ; Marino, P; Meyers, BS; Mulsant, BH; Pollari, CD; Rothschild, AJ; Rudorfer, MV; Voineskos, AN; Whyte, EM; Wu, Y, 2019)
" A randomized, double-blind controlled trial is performed at 16 German centers comparing flexibly dosed monotherapy of oral amisulpride (400-800 mg/day), and olanzapine (10-20 mg/day) and amisulpride-olanzapine co-treatment."( A randomized double-blind controlled trial to assess the benefits of amisulpride and olanzapine combination treatment versus each monotherapy in acutely ill schizophrenia patients (COMBINE): methods and design.
Baumgärtner, J; Brockhaus-Dumke, A; Cordes, J; Correll, CU; Engelke, C; Englisch, S; Feyerabend, S; Gaebel, W; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E; Gründer, G; Hasan, A; Heres, S; Jäger, M; Kluge, M; Kolbe, H; Lange, C; Langguth, B; Leucht, S; Makiol, C; Meisenzahl-Lechner, E; Neff, A; Poeppl, T; Reske, D; Riesbeck, M; Schmidt-Kraepelin, C; Verde, PE; Wobrock, T; Zink, M, 2020)
" Multiple daily doses of olanzapine do not affect the pharmacokinetics of lithium or valproate; therefore, concomitant olanzapine administration does not require dosage adjustment of lithium or valproate."( Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium or Valproate.
Graham, C; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yagoda, S; Yao, B, 2020)
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium and valproate, including maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve over a 12-h dosing interval, were calculated."( Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium or Valproate.
Graham, C; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yagoda, S; Yao, B, 2020)
" absence of OLZ/SAM, were within the equivalence interval of 80-125% for both maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve over a 12-h dosing interval of lithium and of valproate."( Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium or Valproate.
Graham, C; Sun, L; von Moltke, L; Yagoda, S; Yao, B, 2020)
" Particularly, impact associated with dosage has been barely studied."( Effects of long-term antipsychotics treatment on body weight: A population-based cohort study.
Bazo-Alvarez, JC; Carpenter, JR; Hayes, JF; Morris, TP; Petersen, I, 2020)
"The dose-response relationships of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia are not well defined, but such information would be important for decision making by clinicians."( Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Antipsychotic Drugs for Acute Schizophrenia.
Crippa, A; Davis, JM; Leucht, S; Orsini, N; Patel, MX; Siafis, S, 2020)
" Dose-response curves were constructed with random-effects dose-response meta-analyses and a spline model."( Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Antipsychotic Drugs for Acute Schizophrenia.
Crippa, A; Davis, JM; Leucht, S; Orsini, N; Patel, MX; Siafis, S, 2020)
" For some drugs, higher than currently licensed doses might be tested in further trials, because their dose-response curves did not plateau."( Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Antipsychotic Drugs for Acute Schizophrenia.
Crippa, A; Davis, JM; Leucht, S; Orsini, N; Patel, MX; Siafis, S, 2020)
" In the present study, we showed that with an inverted U-shape dose-response curve, olanzapine increased NPY expression in the NPY-GFP hypothalamic neurons; however, this was not the case in the hypothalamic neurons of H1R knockout mice."( Olanzapine increases AMPK-NPY orexigenic signaling by disrupting H1R-GHSR1a interaction in the hypothalamic neurons of mice.
Chen, X; He, M; Huang, XF; Jin, T; Jones, A; Song, X; Yu, Y; Zheng, M; Zheng, P, 2020)
" Various factors may influence their pharmacokinetics, particularly elimination, leading to highly variable drug concentrations between individual patients following the same dosing regimen."( Understanding variability in the pharmacokinetics of atypical antipsychotics - focus on clozapine, olanzapine and aripiprazole population models.
Jovanović, M; Miljković, B; Vučićević, K, 2020)
" We used the Generalized Propensity Score method to evaluate the dose-response risk of Parkinsonism associated with SGAs."( Comparative risk of Parkinsonism associated with olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine in older adults-a propensity score matched cohort study.
Chyou, TY; Nishtala, PS; Nishtala, R, 2020)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of olanzapine in children and devise a model-informed paediatric dosing scheme."( Population pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in children.
Al-Uzri, A; Autmizguine, J; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Erinjeri, J; Goldstein, SL; Hornik, CP; Kalra, R; Maharaj, AR; Payne, EH; Sherwin, CMT; Watt, K; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2021)
" Simulations from the developed PopPK model were used to devise a paediatric dosing scheme that targeted comparable plasma exposures to adolescents and adults."( Population pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in children.
Al-Uzri, A; Autmizguine, J; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Erinjeri, J; Goldstein, SL; Hornik, CP; Kalra, R; Maharaj, AR; Payne, EH; Sherwin, CMT; Watt, K; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2021)
" Developed dosing schemes used weight-normalized doses for children ≤6 months postnatal age or <15 kg and fixed doses for children ≥15 kg."( Population pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in children.
Al-Uzri, A; Autmizguine, J; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Erinjeri, J; Goldstein, SL; Hornik, CP; Kalra, R; Maharaj, AR; Payne, EH; Sherwin, CMT; Watt, K; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2021)
" The development of tools capable of quantifying and monitoring the recrystallization of amorphous materials is required to ensure the delivery of solid dosage forms with improved performance."( Measurement of the amorphous fraction of olanzapine incorporated in a co-amorphous formulation.
da Costa, NF; Fernandes, AI; Pinto, JF, 2020)
"In Iran, the most important challenges these patients faced with are as follows: the absence of a specific referral center, patients resort to self-treatment or traditional methods, and lack of a certain duration and dosage of antipsychotic for these cases."( A comprehensive entomological survey and evaluation of the efficacy of different therapies on a suspected delusional parasitosis case.
Soltan-Alinejad, P; Soltani, A; Turki, H; Vahedi, M, 2021)
"The primary aim of this study was to standardize the correlated effective dosage of the antidiabetic drug empagliflozin (EMPA) and the antipsychotic drug olanzapine (Ola)."( Standardizing the Effective Correlated Dosage of Olanzapine and Empagliflozin in Female Wistar Rats.
Alam, MZ; Alghamdi, BS; Alshehri, FS; Ashraf, GM; Tarazi, FI; Tayeb, HO, 2021)
"The objective of this study was to standardize the correlated effective dosage of EMPA and Ola."( Standardizing the Effective Correlated Dosage of Olanzapine and Empagliflozin in Female Wistar Rats.
Alam, MZ; Alghamdi, BS; Alshehri, FS; Ashraf, GM; Tarazi, FI; Tayeb, HO, 2021)
"We conclude that Ola-4 and EMPA-20 were the most effective dosage for experimental purposes in female Wistar rats."( Standardizing the Effective Correlated Dosage of Olanzapine and Empagliflozin in Female Wistar Rats.
Alam, MZ; Alghamdi, BS; Alshehri, FS; Ashraf, GM; Tarazi, FI; Tayeb, HO, 2021)
" Additional prospective studies with accurate dosage information are needed to validate our findings."( Occurrence of metabolic diseases associated with antipsychotic use among Korean patients with schizophrenia.
Kim, BH; Kim, E; Kim, S; Kuk, S; Lee, W; Park, SI, 2021)
" Dosing strategies, discontinuation considerations, and side effects are discussed."( The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An update on management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia.
Chen, A; Cloutier, A; Copeli, F; Metzger, E; Osser, DN, 2021)
" Avoiding amisulpride and warning against increasing the dosage in renal failure is the only recommendation by drug manufacturers and clinical guidelines."( Antipsychotics and hemodialysis: A systematic review.
Atlani, MK; Chaudhary, P; Sutar, R, 2021)
"Findings of the review reveals modest evidence favoring multiple dosing regimens of oral aripiprazole, ziprasidone, olanzapine, and risperidone."( Antipsychotics and hemodialysis: A systematic review.
Atlani, MK; Chaudhary, P; Sutar, R, 2021)
" Olanzapine dosing was increased to 10 mg daily on hospital day 34 and 15 mg daily on hospital day 45."( Extrapyramidal Symptoms Induced by Treatment for Delirium: A Case Report.
Rose, MQ; Santos, CD, 2021)
" No significant differences were found in the rate of violent behavior and antipsychotic dosage at discharge."( Olanzapine intramuscular shows better efficacy than zuclopenthixol acetate intramuscular in reducing the need for restraint, but not in comparison to haloperidol intramuscular.
Bloemhof-Bris, E; Shelef, A; Sinai, O; Stryjer, R; Weizman, S, 2022)
" The determination of the CYP2C19 genotypes may be useful for dosing adjustment in schizophrenia patients on valproic acid therapy."( Effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on serum valproic level acid in Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia.
Ju, X; Li, J; Liu, J; Shi, J; Song, M; Wang, C; Wang, S; Yan, P, 2021)
"This review details the pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, associated dosing and indications, and adverse effects for the drug combination olanzapine/samidorphan."( Olanzapine/Samidorphan: New Drug Approved for Treating Bipolar I Disorder and Schizophrenia.
Gums, JG; McCoy, L; Monahan, C; Powell, J, 2022)
" Participants in the olanzapine group received olanzapine once daily on days 1 and 2, while those in the control group received a placebo in the same dosage and schedule."( Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in Children Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial.
Gupta, AK; Meena, JP; Moothedath, AW; Pandey, RM; Seth, R; Velpandian, T, 2022)
" We aimed to fill this gap with a dose-response meta-analysis."( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)
" We estimated the dose-response curves by conducting random-effects dose-response meta-analyses."( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)
" For most drugs, dose-response curves showed an initial dose-related increase in weight which plateaued at higher doses, while for others there was no plateau and some even had bell-shaped curves, meaning less weight gain to be associated with higher doses."( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)
"Second-generation antipsychotics do not only differ in their propensity to produce weight gain, but also in the shapes of their dose-response curves."( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)
" Flexibly dosed monotherapy of oral amisulpride (amisulpride plus placebo, 200-800 mg per day) or olanzapine (olanzapine plus placebo, 5-20 mg per day) was compared with a combination of amisulpride plus olanzapine."( Amisulpride and olanzapine combination treatment versus each monotherapy in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia in Germany (COMBINE): a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
Baumgärtner, J; Brockhaus-Dumke, A; Cordes, J; Correll, CU; Engelke, C; Englisch, S; Feyerabend, S; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E; Gründer, G; Hasan, A; Jäger, M; Kluge, M; Lange, C; Langguth, B; Leucht, S; Makiol, C; Meisenzahl-Lechner, E; Neff, A; Poeppl, TB; Reske, D; Riesbeck, M; Schmidt-Kraepelin, C; Verde, PE; Zink, M, 2022)
" The acute cognitive effects were predicted by olanzapine dosage and serum levels (i."( Serum levels of olanzapine are associated with acute cognitive effects in bipolar disorder.
Almeida, NL; Fars, J; Fernandes, TP; Oliveira, MEC; Santos, NA; Shoshina, II; Silva, GM; Trombetta, BNT, 2022)
"To compare the efficacy and safety of two different dosage levels of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving high emetic risk chemotherapy."( Efficacy of Olanzapine 5 mg versus 10 mg for the Prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving High Emetic Risk Chemotherapy without Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist.
Ketkaew, C; Othaganont, N; Pichaya, P; Promsuwan, P; Sukauichai, S, 2022)
"The two dosage levels of olanzapine were not different in terms of the efficacy and AE in the prophylaxis of CINV."( Efficacy of Olanzapine 5 mg versus 10 mg for the Prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving High Emetic Risk Chemotherapy without Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist.
Ketkaew, C; Othaganont, N; Pichaya, P; Promsuwan, P; Sukauichai, S, 2022)
" Both the presence of EPS as well as the dosage of antipsychotic medication seem to be of particular relevance in this regard."( Driving fitness in clinically stable outpatients with chronic schizophrenia.
Biedermann, F; Haibach, M; Hofer, A; Holzner, B; Kemmler, G; Kurzthaler, I; Pardeller, S; Pichler, T, 2022)
"The effects of antipsychotic drugs are dose-dependent, which is particularly true for their efficacy, each antipsychotic having a specific dose-response curve."( Comorbidities and the right dose: antipsychotics.
Azorin, JM; Simon, N; Torrents, R, )
"Factors liable to impact antipsychotic dosage are numerous and their subsequent effects often hard to predict, due to multilevel interactions and compensatory phenomena."( Comorbidities and the right dose: antipsychotics.
Azorin, JM; Simon, N; Torrents, R, )
"Due to its effect, simple dosage and a good safety profile, olanzapine is a useful drug for the routine clinical practice of an oncologist - a non-psychiatrist."( Olanzapine in oncology palliative care.
Šoukalová, Z, 2022)
" Our model may be a useful tool for recommending dosage adjustments for physicians."( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of olanzapine in Chinese paediatric patients: Based on the impact of sex and concomitant valproate on clearance.
Hu, JQ; Huang, SQ; Kong, W; Li, XL; Liu, SJ; Lu, HQ; Lu, HY; Ni, XJ; Shang, DW; Wen, YG; Xiao, T; Yang, HL; Zhang, M; Zhu, XQ, 2022)
" Moreover, there were insufficient studies to conduct meta-analyses on many outcome measures; to compare efficacy across and within major categories of interventions; to explore dosage effects; or to examine effects beyond post-treatment."( Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling.
Bowden-Jones, H; Cowlishaw, S; Dowling, N; Lubman, D; Merkouris, S; Thomas, S, 2022)
" Besides resistance under the processing conditions of the dosage forms considered, OLZ-CAMs presented a higher solubility and dissolution rate than the respective crystalline counterpart."( Amorphous and Co-Amorphous Olanzapine Stability in Formulations Intended for Wet Granulation and Pelletization.
da Costa, NF; Daniels, R; Fernandes, AI; Pinto, JF, 2022)
" Our patient developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) after his neuroleptic drug dosage was increased."( Neuroleptic malignant syndrome secondary to olanzapine, a presentation with severe acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis: a case report.
Chang, CK; Lansing, MG; Lu, SJA; Noh, MM; Payus, AO; Sumpat, D; Yew, BT, 2022)
" The dosage forms currently on the market for OZP are administered via oral or intramuscular routes."( Development and evaluation of a drug-in-adhesive transdermal delivery system for delivery of olanzapine.
Banga, AK; Vora, D, 2022)
"Data on sex, age, and OLA dosage and steady-state plasma concentrations of 386 patients with schizophrenia (who have received OLA or a comedication of OLA with a psychotherapeutic drug) were collected and analyzed."( Effects of Age, Sex, and Comedication on the Plasma Concentrations of Olanzapine in Chinese Patients With Schizophrenia Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data.
Cui, X; Ding, J; Li, Y; Meng, Z; Xing, H; Yang, L; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, )
" Evidence of brain insulin resistance induced by acute AP dosing can inform the early use of adjunctive insulin sensitizers for the treatment of metabolic comorbidities associated with AP treatment in severe mental illness."( Investigating the effects of antipsychotics on brain insulin action: Study protocol for a multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in healthy controls.
Agarwal, SM; Dash, S; Graff-Guerrero, A; Hahn, M; Hamel, L; Remington, G; Sanches, M; Smith, E; Stogios, N; Voineskos, A, 2022)
" Our survey showed that many analytical techniques were carried out using UV spectrophotometry, MS, LC-MS/MS techniques, and chromatographic techniques like HPLC and high-performance thin layer chromatography in both bulk and solid dosage forms."( A review of various analytical methods for the estimation of olanzapine: An antipsychotic drug.
Almalki, WH; Kesharwani, P; S, R; Sheikh, A; Thanikachalam, PV, 2023)
" Our data favor the addition of olanzapine in the antiemetic cocktail considering the low incidence of metabolic adverse effects for the period and dosage analyzed in male and female rats."( Coadministration of olanzapine causes minor impacts on the diabetogenic outcomes induced by dexamethasone treatment in rats.
da Silva, FN; do Amaral, TA; Martins, JRN; Rafacho, A; Zimath, PL, 2023)
"A higher dosage may be required for men or heavy smokers than for women or nonsmokers to reach the same exposure."( Significant predictors for olanzapine pharmacokinetics: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic studies.
Han, L; Jiao, Z; Liu, XQ; Mao, JH, )
"Expert consensus-based clinically equivalent dose estimates and dosing recommendations can provide valuable support for the use of drugs for psychosis in clinical practice and research."( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2).
Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)
"This second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing provides dosing equivalencies and recommendations for newer drugs for psychosis and previously reported drugs with low consensus."( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2).
Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)
"We used a two-step Delphi survey process to establish and update consensus with a broad, international sample of clinical and research experts regarding 26 drug formulations to obtain dosing recommendations (start, target range, and maximum) and estimates of clinically equivalent doses for the treatment of schizophrenia."( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2).
Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)
"As randomized, controlled, fixed, multiple-dose trials to optimize the dosing of drugs for psychosis remain rare, expert consensus remains a useful alternative for estimating clinical dosing equivalents."( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2).
Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (7)

RoleDescription
histamine antagonistHistamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists.
muscarinic antagonistA drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists.
serotonergic antagonistDrugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonergic agonists.
dopaminergic antagonistA drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists.
antiemeticA drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors.
second generation antipsychoticAntipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements.
serotonin uptake inhibitorA compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
benzodiazepineA group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
N-methylpiperazine
N-arylpiperazine
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (81)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.91250.35487.935539.8107AID624170
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.23200.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.46620.000714.592883.7951AID1259392
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.06080.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224893
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.33220.001024.504861.6448AID743212
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.49150.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.82220.057821.109761.2679AID1159528
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.62340.036619.637650.1187AID2100
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.354828.065989.1251AID504847
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency18.83360.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.20480.039816.784239.8107AID1454; AID995
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.65619.452025.1189AID927
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.25290.004611.374133.4983AID624296; AID624297
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.95570.002319.595674.0614AID651631
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency17.78280.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.95261.584913.004325.1189AID927
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.91251.000010.475628.1838AID1457
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.19950.00100.88359.9000AID298488
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)0.09700.00011.00768.7800AID625218; AID63866
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.01100.00000.887110.0000AID625218
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.19950.00100.87119.9000AID298488
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)93.78500.11007.190310.0000AID1449628; AID1473738
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.02600.00000.690210.0000AID141100
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.15500.00001.15467.5858AID625154
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.02020.00000.79519.1201AID141100; AID298491; AID625154
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.00600.00011.41629.9000AID599884
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.07340.00010.532610.0000AID1128459; AID1169862; AID1185959; AID1393366; AID342783; AID3657; AID694795
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.04700.00040.629810.0000AID4782
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01260.00020.667710.0000AID5090
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.04000.00010.99178.0000AID625155
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.02750.00000.72926.9183AID141100; AID625155
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.54100.00001.44217.3470AID625201
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.19130.00010.807410.0000AID238989; AID36197; AID36199; AID625201
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.01070.00000.59729.1201AID141100; AID141174; AID298490; AID342774
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki497.20001.19105.12919.9410AID1802951
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC50 (µMol)2.76800.11003.26419.0330AID625146
Angiotensin-converting enzymeOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.00001.612910.0000AID625171
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.11800.00000.74728.0000AID625253
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.03290.00000.651810.0000AID1125020; AID1125021; AID1152652; AID1169860; AID1185963; AID1281952; AID1353520; AID1393368; AID1413420; AID1568825; AID1677161; AID1760279; AID1823826; AID239052; AID298478; AID342777; AID458632; AID458633; AID625253; AID63060; AID63070; AID694797
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.04700.00040.908610.0000AID4782
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.00580.00010.601710.0000AID1172030; AID238882; AID410335; AID492640; AID5090
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki1.81920.00010.949010.0000AID1128464; AID238991; AID298478; AID3657
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.42100.00001.23808.1590AID625202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.18730.00020.725710.0000AID36197; AID36199; AID625202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.53100.00001.47257.8980AID625203
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.13230.00030.483410.0000AID238990; AID36197; AID36199; AID625203
DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.07110.00010.610010.0000AID238855; AID238940; AID410331; AID492643; AID61517; AID61675; AID61679
D(3) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.03900.00010.25675.8000AID65622
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.50000.00010.739610.0000AID4066
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01000.00000.929610.0000AID298490
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.39200.00011.01049.9280AID625153
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.05450.00000.54057.7600AID141100; AID625153
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.07200.00031.84739.2250AID625252
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.07450.00010.836310.0000AID1185962; AID1677162; AID342775; AID625252; AID63345; AID63347
D(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.17300.00011.14239.3280AID63866
D(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.03050.00000.436210.0000AID1128466; AID298480; AID342779; AID61808; AID63537; AID64005
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01000.00000.970810.0000AID298490
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01000.00000.937510.0000AID298490
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.40260.00000.575110.0000AID238991; AID298478; AID3657
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.00400.00031.465610.0000AID1799301
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.08500.00011.20929.9700AID238940
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.09200.00020.75688.8970AID625200
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.02910.00000.360910.0000AID1682829; AID36113; AID36116; AID36118; AID625200
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.03800.00010.88018.8500AID1242912; AID5171; AID625192
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00360.00000.385510.0000AID1128452; AID1169863; AID1185960; AID1393364; AID1430532; AID1520007; AID1556425; AID1570059; AID1595144; AID1601980; AID1677158; AID1799301; AID1823823; AID239010; AID298482; AID342784; AID452390; AID5196; AID5197; AID5199; AID625192
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.02100.00011.03029.0000AID625218
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00830.00010.954910.0000AID1128453; AID1169864; AID239069; AID298485; AID342781; AID5614; AID5616; AID599883; AID625218
D(4) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.05000.00020.18872.0000AID1185965
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.04700.00040.615610.0000AID4782
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01260.00020.590910.0000AID5090
Histamine H1 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.01260.00261.783210.0000AID298491
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.03300.00010.86458.7096AID625222
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.77450.00000.70488.1930AID342787; AID625222
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.20890.00030.380610.0000AID1393367; AID239149; AID298487; AID694794
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.02900.00000.272610.0000AID1128462; AID1682829; AID36113; AID36116; AID36118
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.01300.00000.44365.1768AID625269
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00340.00000.511010.0000AID1128460; AID1682828; AID239091; AID342782; AID625269; AID87242; AID87244
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.02510.00000.471310.0000AID1682829; AID36113; AID36116; AID36118
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.07800.00011.01788.7960AID625254
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.04000.00000.602010.0000AID1169861; AID1185964; AID239150; AID239151; AID298479; AID342778; AID410333; AID625254; AID65121; AID65785
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.05700.00011.18738.9125AID625217
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.02120.00030.769310.0000AID298483; AID625217
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.40260.00000.965010.0000AID238991; AID298478; AID3657
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.19950.00000.74119.9000AID298488
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.01300.00170.83815.4200AID625221
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.01010.00020.522910.0000AID1126945; AID1172031; AID1393365; AID1430530; AID1520006; AID1556427; AID1568824; AID1570060; AID1595145; AID1601981; AID1760276; AID238747; AID298486; AID342773; AID599884; AID625221; AID694796
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01400.00100.01630.0330AID599883
D(2) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.15800.00010.54948.4000AID61415
D(2) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.05620.00000.437510.0000AID1128454; AID1172033; AID238941; AID410332; AID492642; AID63809; AID63824; AID65563
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)11.29140.00091.901410.0000AID161281; AID243151; AID386536; AID397743; AID408340; AID576612; AID625171
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki36.00000.00211.840710.0000AID410338; AID492638
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.00900.00000.338510.0000AID1353520
TransporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.00000.00010.76295.5000AID342786
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 Bos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.10482.83988.3173AID625171
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.19950.00100.88359.9000AID298488
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.19950.00100.88359.9000AID298488
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
TransporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.95800.00010.866710.0000AID238962
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Kd1.25890.00010.95285.0119AID438555
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)100.00000.00161.304310.0000AID1757456
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00010.00010.40215.4000AID692513
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALRHomo sapiens (human)AC500.36900.00503.212622.7870AID493248
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)Km8.30000.01403.717210.0000AID681619
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)Km227.00007.00007.00007.0000AID624633
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (585)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
response to virusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
terpenoid transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of response to osmotic stressATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of anion channel activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid hydroxylationCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciolCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
exploration behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin metabolic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
gastric acid secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
transmission of nerve impulseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylationMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine productionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA replicationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Rho protein signal transductionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
female pregnancyAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organizationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
platelet activationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase B activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epinephrine secretionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulusAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor transactivationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vasodilationAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
fear responseAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transportAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosisAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intestinal absorptionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
thermoceptionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid catabolic processAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysisAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transportAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulusAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contractionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of wound healingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transportMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
cognitionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glial cell proliferationMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intracellular protein transportMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
pentose-phosphate shuntGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADP metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADPH regenerationGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glutathione metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branchGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(III) ionGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein glutathionylationGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
pentose biosynthetic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
substantia nigra developmentGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to foodGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte maturationGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron apoptotic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
ribose phosphate biosynthetic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glucose 6-phosphate metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channelGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rateD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transportD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor internalizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
autophagyD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-neuron synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonogenesisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of smellD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
long-term memoryD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
grooming behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult walking behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein localizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
associative learningD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to light stimulusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron ionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to inactivityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
striatum developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
orbitofrontal cortex developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenohypophysis developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
peristalsisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
auditory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to histamineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volumeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of renal sodium excretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of multicellular organism growthD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to cocaineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleepD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic processD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
drinking behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transportD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to morphineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
pigmentationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressureD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of innate immune responseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IID(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acid secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanolD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
branching morphogenesis of a nerveD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structural plasticityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of growth hormone secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibitionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxiaD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor productionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
hyaloid vascular plexus regressionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascadeAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contractionAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
female pregnancyAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretionAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
platelet activationAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase B activityAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epinephrine secretionAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor transactivationAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron differentiationAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood pressureAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contractionAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretionAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
platelet activationAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase B activityAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epinephrine secretionAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor transactivationAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron differentiationAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
protein modification processMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasisD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
conditioned taste aversionD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear responseD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein phosphorylationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergicD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activityD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
memoryD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mating behaviorD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
grooming behaviorD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult walking behaviorD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte developmentD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transmission of nerve impulseD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potentialD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dentate gyrus developmentD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
striatum developmentD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migrationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
peristalsisD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
operant conditioningD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergicD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic processD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vasodilationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic processD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
maternal behaviorD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transportD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glucose importD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
habituationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensitizationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibitionD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depressionD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to catecholamine stimulusD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
modification of postsynaptic structureD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron migrationD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear responseD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergicD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasisD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of kinase activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to histamineD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
social behaviorD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic processD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic processD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
fear responseD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanolD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretionD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein secretionD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potentialD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalizationD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathwayD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
bilirubin conjugationUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular glucuronidationUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 metabolic processUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to painSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
memory5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
sensitization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
memorySodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of serotonin secretionSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferationSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergicSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
social behaviorSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstrictionSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
sperm ejaculationSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron differentiationSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycleSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of organ growthSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
enteric nervous system developmentSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
brain morphogenesisSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptakeSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregationSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to retinoic acidSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cGMPSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of thalamus sizeSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
conditioned place preferenceSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
blood circulation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascadeAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressureAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrineAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrineAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activityAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult heart developmentAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to hormoneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagyAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of action potentialAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contractionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport into cytosolAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contractionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C signalingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
pilomotor reflexAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
memoryHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular permeabilityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamineHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contractionAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergicD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalizationD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasisD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
learning or memoryD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
learningD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesisD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to histamineD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
social behaviorD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to cocaineD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic processD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to morphineD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressureD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear divisionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acid secretionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiationD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein secretionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex actionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibitionD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activityD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activityD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transportD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
germinal center formationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membrane protein ectodomain proteolysisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch receptor processingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell chemotaxisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein processingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
signal releaseDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growthDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mast cell apoptotic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein catabolic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
spleen developmentDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell motilityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to Gram-positive bacteriumDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
commissural neuron axon guidanceDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycleDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormonePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (166)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
arrestin family protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
quinine 3-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 2-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
receptor-receptor interaction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
alpha2-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-1B adrenergic receptor bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-2C adrenergic receptor bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
thioesterase bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epinephrine bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine bindingAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activityAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activityGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glucose bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADP bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/GoD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha2-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epinephrine bindingAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha2-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-2A adrenergic receptor bindingAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epinephrine bindingAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activityAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via GsD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit bindingD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activityD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein bindingD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine bindingD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
arrestin family protein bindingD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/GoD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
potassium channel regulator activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epinephrine bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin bindingD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid bindingUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronosyltransferase activityUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
actin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation channel activitySodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin:sodium:chloride symporter activitySodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
antiporter activitySodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
syntaxin-1 bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
cocaine bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
actin filament bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin bindingSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/GoD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6 receptor bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (95)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
symmetric synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membraneAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic synapseAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membraneAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapseAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
receptor complexAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of plasma membraneGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
centriolar satelliteGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acrosomal vesicleD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicleD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliary membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
non-motile ciliumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor complexD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliumD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliary membraneD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
non-motile ciliumD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapseD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor complexD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
centrosomeD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteD(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
axonSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurofilament5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
caveola5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
axon5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
endomembrane systemSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
synapseSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
serotonergic synapseSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
synapseSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionSodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear membraneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear membraneAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
cleavage furrow5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
cilium5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cell-cell junctionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (479)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1601981Displacement of [3H]-LSD from recombinant human 5HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by microbeta scintillation counting analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 166Synthesis of novel pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID298481Displacement of [3H]8-OH-DPAT from human 5HT1A receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID171680Effect of compound on apomorphine induced catalepsy, from rat brain striatum at 30 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; Catalepsy = 0/41998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID114862Effective dose required for to antagonize apomorphine-induced climbing in mice after administration of 0.12 mg/kg dose subcutaneously2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID298486Displacement of [3H]LSD from human 5HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID3657Binding affinity towards human 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID298485Displacement of [3H]mesulergine from 5HT2C receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID238855Inhibition of [3H]SCH-23390 binding to rat Dopamine receptor D12005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1185962Displacement of [3H]SCH23390 from human dopamine D1 receptor by liquid scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.
AID177351In vivo inhibition against catalepsy in rats after oral administration evaluated by metal bar2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID229416Selectivity ratio (D1/D2)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID130696In vivo inhibitory activity against 5-MeO-DMT-Induced Head-Twitches in mouse after oral administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID458633Displacement of [3H]spiperone from human dopamine D2 receptor at high affinity state expressed in HEK293 cells2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID694795Displacement of [3H]-8-OH-DPAT from human 5-HT1A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56The multiobjective based design, synthesis and evaluation of the arylsulfonamide/amide derivatives of aryloxyethyl- and arylthioethyl- piperidines and pyrrolidines as a novel class of potent 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists.
AID410338Binding affinity to human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells by whole cell patch clamp method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID1169864Binding affinity to 5HT2C receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22
Targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors for developing effective antipsychotics: synthesis, biological characterization, and behavioral studies.
AID374351Antiviral activity against BKV Gardner ATCC VR837 infected in human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in viral DNA level preincubated for 2 hrs before viral infection measured after 7 days by real time PCR assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12
BK Virus replication in vitro: limited effect of drugs interfering with viral uptake and intracellular transport.
AID624633Drug glucuronidation reaction catalyzed by human recombinant UGT1A42005Pharmacology & therapeutics, Apr, Volume: 106, Issue:1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and clinical drug-drug interactions.
AID1393475Reversal of ketamine-induced cognitive flexibility in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat administered 30 mins prior to ketamine administration by attentional set-shifting test
AID1217705Time dependent inhibition of CYP2B6 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID342781Binding affinity to human cloned 5HT2C receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID35289In vitro binding affinity towards alpha-1 adrenergic receptor in rat frontal cortex homogenate using of [3H]prazosin as radioligand2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1393469Toxicity in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as sedation pretreated for 60 mins followed by PCP addition measured for 30 mins starting 15 min after rat reintroduction to auto-tracks
AID29359Ionization constant (pKa)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1152652Antagonist activity at human recombinant at D2S receptor assessed as inhibition of dopamine-induced cAMP accumulation2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11
Novel arylsulfonamide derivatives with 5-HT₆/5-HT₇ receptor antagonism targeting behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
AID185010Effect of compound on apomorphine induced locomotor hyperactivity (APO-induced LMA), from rat brain striatum at 30 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; LMA (locomotor activity)1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID246865In vivo effective dose against spontaneous locomotor activity was determined in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1823823Displacement of [3H]-ketanserin from human human 5-HT2A receptor transfected in CHO-K1 cells measured after 60 mins by scintillation counting method
AID61679pKi value for Dopamine receptor D1 binding site1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID238990Inhibition of [3H]rauwolscine binding to Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1128453Displacement of [125]DOI from human recombinant full length 5HT2C receptor expressed in HEK293E cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID1169862Binding affinity to 5HT1A receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22
Targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors for developing effective antipsychotics: synthesis, biological characterization, and behavioral studies.
AID171545Effect of compound on apomorphine induced catalepsy, from rat brain striatum at 10 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; Catalepsy = 0/41998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1185965Displacement of [3H]N-methylspiperone from rat dopamine D4 receptor by liquid scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.
AID177349In vivo inhibition against MK-801 induced hyperactivity in rats after oral administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1823833Displacement of [3H]-pyrilamine from human recombinant histamine H1 receptor expressed in human recombinant CHO-K1 cells at 1 uM incubated for 60 mins by solid scintillation counting method relative to control
AID1760276Displacement of [3H]LSD from human 5-HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 1 hr by microbeta counting method2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 203Chlorine substituents and linker topology as factors of 5-HT
AID177353In vivo inhibition against conditioned avoidance response in rats after oral administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID576612Inhibition of human ERG2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 46, Issue:2
Predicting hERG activities of compounds from their 3D structures: development and evaluation of a global descriptors based QSAR model.
AID330557Binding affinity to alphaMSH receptor at 10 nM2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID738112Displacement of [3H]raclopride from D2 receptor in human corpus striatum after 30 mins by scintillation counting2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7
[11C]olanzapine, radiosynthesis and lipophilicity of a new potential PET 5-HT2 and D2 receptor radioligand.
AID301041Antipsychotic activity in orally dosed Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of conditioned avoidance response after 1 hr2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19
Novel sulfonamides having dual dopamine D2 and D3 receptor affinity show in vivo antipsychotic efficacy with beneficial cognitive and EPS profile.
AID61675Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]-SCH- 23390 binding to Dopamine receptor D1 in rat striatal homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1393368Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2LR expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr at 37 degC by microbeta counting method
AID65253Binding affinity which represents concentration giving half-maximal inhibition of [3H]spiperone (Dopamine receptor D2) binding to rat tissue homogenate1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1595145Displacement of [3H] LSD from human recombinant 5-HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by microbeta scintillation counting method
AID1128456Selectivity ratio of Ki for rat recombinant dopamine D2 short receptor to Ki for human recombinant full length 5HT2A receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID599883Displacement of [3H]mesulergine from human 5HT2C receptor in human tsA201 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18
Novel 7-phenylsulfanyl-1,2,3,4,10,10a-hexahydro-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles as dual serotonin 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptor ligands.
AID243151Inhibitory concentration against potassium channel HERG2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-02, Volume: 15, Issue:11
A discriminant model constructed by the support vector machine method for HERG potassium channel inhibitors.
AID161281Inhibition of human Potassium channel HERG expressed in mammalian cells2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Prediction of hERG potassium channel affinity by traditional and hologram qSAR methods.
AID5250Binding affinity which represents concentration giving half-maximal inhibition of [3H]ketanserin binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor rat tissue homogenate1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID246836In vivo effective dose was determined against apomorphine climbing in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID64005Binding affinity towards human Dopamine receptor D4.2 in CHO cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-27, Volume: 39, Issue:20
Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel (piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone antipsychotic agents related to 3-[4-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate.
AID1185959Displacement of [3H] 8-OH-DPAT from human 5-HT1A receptor by liquid scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.
AID1823832Displacement of [3H]-scopolamine from human recombinant muscarinic M1 receptor expressed in human recombinant CHO-K1 cells at 1 uM incubated for 120 mins by solid scintillation counting method relative to control
AID342784Binding affinity to human cloned 5HT2A receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID1393473Reversal of ketamine-induced working social withdrawal in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat pretreated for 60 mins followed by ketamine administration
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1568824Displacement of [3H]-LSD from human 5-HT6R expressed in human HEK293 cells incubated for 1 hr by radioligand binding assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178Synthesis and computer-aided SAR studies for derivatives of phenoxyalkyl-1,3,5-triazine as the new potent ligands for serotonin receptors 5-HT
AID1677164In vivo receptor occupancy at human dopamine D2 receptor in schizophrenia patient brain at 10 mCi, iv by PET scanning
AID5614Binding affinity towards human serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID1409608AUC (viral infection %) for SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h by immunofluorescence-based assay (detecting the viral NP protein in the nucleus of the Vero E6 cells).2020Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID63347Binding affinity towards human Dopamine receptor D12004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID63537Binding affinity towards human dopamine receptor D42001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID238941Inhibition of [3H]spiperone binding to rat dopamine D2 receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID1520007Binding affinity to human 5-HT2AR expressed in HEK293 cells by competitive binding assay
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1128468Selectivity ratio of Ki for adrenergic alpha1A receptor (unknown origin) to Ki for human recombinant full length 5HT2A receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID24452logY value was determined2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID230094Ratio of pKi of compound towards 5-HT2 receptor to that of D1 receptor1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID65620Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]-spiperone binding to Dopamine receptor D3 in rat tissue homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID342775Binding affinity to human cloned dopamine D1 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID298492Displacement of [3H]prazosin from adrenergic alpha1 receptor in rat cerebral cortex2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID738353Displacement of [3H]mesulergine from 5-HT2C receptor in human frontal cortex after 30 mins by scintillation counting2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7
[11C]olanzapine, radiosynthesis and lipophilicity of a new potential PET 5-HT2 and D2 receptor radioligand.
AID1185960Displacement of [3H]Ketanserin from human 5-HT2A receptor by liquid scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.
AID1393467Toxicity in Wistar rat assessed as increase in prolactin level at 3 mg/kg, po after 60 mins by ELISA
AID1217707Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID438555Binding affinity to 5HT1A receptor2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19
Physical binding pocket induction for affinity prediction.
AID298494Displacement of [3H]pyrilamine from histaminergic H1 receptor guinea pig cerebellum2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID246864In vivo effective dose against conditioned avoidance response was determined in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID239149Inhibition of [3H]5-HT binding to human 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID87244Binding affinity towards human H1 receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID238991Inhibition of [3H]prazosin binding to rat Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID298493Displacement of [3H]RX 821002 from adrenergic alpha-2 receptor in rat cerebral cortex2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1172033Displacement of [3H]-spiperone from dopamine D2 receptor in rat striatum2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of 7-phenylpiperazinylalkyl-1,3-dimethyl-purine-2,6-dione derivatives with diversified 5-HT₁A receptor functional profile.
AID298482Displacement of [3H]ketanserin from human 5HT2A receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1677162Binding affinity to human dopamine D1 receptor
AID1125021Displacement of [3H]spiperone from human dopamine D2S receptor S5.43T/S5.46A mutant expressed in CHO-K1 cell membrane after 2 hrs by beta counting2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 77Novel insights on the structural determinants of clozapine and olanzapine multi-target binding profiles.
AID298480Displacement of [3H]spiperone from human dopamine D4.4 receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID678713Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1556427Displacement of [3H]LSD from human 5HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counter method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 1792-Aminoimidazole-based antagonists of the 5-HT
AID1204345Displacement of [3H]N-methylspiperone from dopamine D3 receptor (unknown origin) assessed as total radioligand binding at 1 uM incubated for 60 mins by microbeta plate reader based method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 97Structure-activity relationships and molecular studies of novel arylpiperazinylalkyl purine-2,4-diones and purine-2,4,8-triones with antidepressant and anxiolytic-like activity.
AID1128474Inhibition of quipazine-induced head twitches in po dosed rat head twitch model administered 25 mins prior to quipazine challenge measured after 30 mins2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID1823851Sedative activity in ip dosed Wistar rat assessed as effect on spontaneous locomotor activity measured for 10 mins by social interaction test
AID230935Ratio of the catalepsy to that of conditioned avoidance response in rats2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1409613Selectivity ratio: ratio of AUC (viral infection %) of SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line compared to AUC (cytotoxicity %) of compound against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay.2020Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID330561Displacement of [3H]mepyramine from H1R in rat brain2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID1409607IC50 for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h by immunofluorescence-based assay (detecting the viral NP protein in the nucleus of the Vero E6 cells).2020Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID395326Fraction unbound in rat brain2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID1677154Ratio of RO50 for in vivo receptor occupancy at dopamine D2 receptor in sc dosed rat brain by measuring free plasma concentration pretreated 1 hr in presence of raclopride to RO50 for in vivo receptor occupancy at dopamine D1 receptor in sc dosed rat brai
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1128452Displacement of [125]DOI from human recombinant full length 5HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293E cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID113515In vivo inhibitory activity tested in apomorphine climbing mice after oral administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID246931In vivo effective dose for reversal of tryptamine-induced backward locomotion in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID246835In vivo effective dose against catalepsy response was determined in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID298491Displacement of [3H]4-DAMP from human M4 receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID229417Selectivity ratio (D3/D1)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1430530Displacement of [3H]-LSD from 5-HT6 receptor (unknown origin)
AID61502Binding affinity which represents concentration giving half-maximal inhibition of [3H]SCH-23390 (Dopamine receptor D1) binding to rat tissue homogenate1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID5326Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]- Ketanserin binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in rat cerebral cortex homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID678714Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID25470Area under curve (AUC) value of Dopamine level after second treatment (24.8 uM/Kg) in dialysates collected from rat striatum2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1281952Displacement of [3H]-Raclopride from human dopamine D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cells2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 112Rational design in search for 5-phenylhydantoin selective 5-HT7R antagonists. Molecular modeling, synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID61415Binding affinity towards Dopamine receptor D2 was determined in rat striatal homogenate using [3H]- spiperone as radioligand1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-27, Volume: 39, Issue:20
Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel (piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone antipsychotic agents related to 3-[4-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate.
AID25466Area under curve (AUC) value of DOPAC level after first treatment (7.4 uM/Kg) in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID298487Displacement of [3H]LSD from human 5HT7 receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID458640Reduction in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid level in Sprague-Dawley rat striatum at 10.5 umol/kg, sc relative to saline treated control2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID410332Displacement of [3H]spiperone from dopamine D2 receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat striatum by scintillation spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID251584Relative binding affinity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A and dopamine D2 receptors2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1413420Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr by microbeta counting method
AID1570061Displacement of [3H]-5-CT from human 5HT7 receptor expressed in HEK cells incubated for 1 hr by Cheng-Prusoff analysis based microbeta scintillation counting method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 180Synthesis of new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID36116Binding affinity towards human alpha-1 adrenergic receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID239091Inhibition of [3H]pyrilamine binding to human Histamine H1 receptor 2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID298483Displacement of [3H]LSD from 5HT2B receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1682828Binding affinity to H1 histamine receptor (unknown origin)
AID395324Lipophilicity, log D at pH 7.4 by liquid chromatography2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID1823850Anxiolytic activity in stress-induced anxiety ip dosed Wistar rat model assessed as increase in open arm entry measured after 30 mins by elevated plus maze test
AID342782Binding affinity to human cloned histamine H1 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID1409611AUC (cytotoxicity %) of compound against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay.2020Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID171544Effect of compound on apomorphine induced catalepsy, from rat brain striatum at 1 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; Catalepsy = 0/41998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID395325Lipophilicity, log P by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID65121Binding affinity towards human dopamine receptor D32001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID678722Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID298479Displacement of [3H]spiperone from human dopamine D3 receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1128459Inhibition of human 5HT1A receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID230095Ratio of pKi of compound towards 5-HT2 receptor to that of D2 receptor1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID247009In vivo effective dose to inhibit apomorphine induced agitation in rats upon subcutaneous administration2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID1125020Displacement of [3H]spiperone from wild-type human dopamine D2S receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cell membrane after 2 hrs by beta counting2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 77Novel insights on the structural determinants of clozapine and olanzapine multi-target binding profiles.
AID238940Inhibition of [3H]-SCH- 23390 binding to rat dopamine D1 receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID25474Area under curve (AUC) value of HVA level after total treatment in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID397743Inhibition of human ERG channel2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 52, Issue:14
Side chain flexibilities in the human ether-a-go-go related gene potassium channel (hERG) together with matched-pair binding studies suggest a new binding mode for channel blockers.
AID5196Binding affinity towards human 5-HT2A receptor in BEK cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-27, Volume: 39, Issue:20
Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel (piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone antipsychotic agents related to 3-[4-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate.
AID781326pKa (acid-base dissociation constant) as determined by Avdeef ref: DOI: 10.1002/047145026X2014Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Comparison of the accuracy of experimental and predicted pKa values of basic and acidic compounds.
AID588220Literature-mined public compounds from Kruhlak et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset2008Toxicology mechanisms and methods, , Volume: 18, Issue:2-3
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models.
AID1393480Effect on failure incidence during conditioned avoidance response test in Sprague-Dawley rat at 2 mg/kg, ip administered 60 mins prior to testing
AID25469Area under curve (AUC) value of Dopamine level after first treatment (7.4 uM/Kg) in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID238989Inhibition of [3H]rauwolscine binding to Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID65785Binding affinity towards human Dopamine receptor D32004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID395329Dissociation constant, pKa by mass spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID1217727Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation per mg of protein in human liver microsomes based on [3H]GSH adduct formation rate at 100 uM by [3H]GSH trapping assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID185006Effect of compound on apomorphine induced locomotor hyperactivity (APO-induced LMA), from rat brain striatum at 1 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; LMA (locomotor activity)1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID246918In vivo effective dose to inhibit tryptamine-induced bilateral convulsions in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID678716Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID298478Displacement of [3H]spiperone from human dopamine D2 receptor short form expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1393366Displacement of [3H]-8-OH-DPAT from human 5-HT1AR expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr by microbeta counting method
AID1204346Displacement of [3H]N-methylspiperone from dopamine D3 receptor (unknown origin) assessed as total radioligand binding at 1.66 x 10'-7 M incubated for 60 mins by microbeta plate reader based method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 97Structure-activity relationships and molecular studies of novel arylpiperazinylalkyl purine-2,4-diones and purine-2,4,8-triones with antidepressant and anxiolytic-like activity.
AID1393470Therapeutic index, ratio of MED for sedation in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat to MED for antipsychotic activity in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in PCP-induced hyper-locomotion
AID298490Displacement of [3H]pirenzepine from human M1 receptor expressed in CHO cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1677158Binding affinity to human 5HT2A receptor
AID230096Ratio of pKi of compound towards D1 receptor to that of D2 receptor1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1823849Antipsychotic activity in ip dosed Wistar rat assessed as induction of MK801-induced hyperlocomotor activity by measuring minimum effective dose measured for 15 mins
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1677155In vivo receptor occupancy at dopamine D1 receptor in sc dosed rat brain by measuring free plasma concentration pretreated for 1 hr in presence of SCH-23390 by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID63345Binding affinity against dopamine receptor D12001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID177692In vivo inhibition of spontaneous locomotory activity tested in rats after oral administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID492638Binding affinity to human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 53, Issue:12
Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
AID1217712Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C8 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID238747Binding affinity for human 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Medicinal chemistry driven approaches toward novel and selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor ligands.
AID458645Reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity in Sprague-Dawley rat striatum at 10.5 umol/kg, sc relative to control2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID239069Inhibition of [3H]mesulergine binding to human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID5199Binding affinity for human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID374353Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in cellular DNA level preincubated for 2 hrs before viral infection measured after 7 days by real time PCR assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12
BK Virus replication in vitro: limited effect of drugs interfering with viral uptake and intracellular transport.
AID61527In vitro binding affinity towards Dopamine receptor D1 in rat tissue homogenate using [3H]-SCH- 23390 as radioligand2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID298488Displacement of [3H]BLR-43694 from human 5HT3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID539464Solubility of the compound in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 600 uM at pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID458651Reduction in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity in Sprague-Dawley rat striatum at 10.5 umol/kg, sc relative to control2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID5197Binding affinity towards human serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID715349Toxicity in rat assessed as decrease in lean body mass at 4 mg/kg, po administered for 7 days relative to vehicle-treated control2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18
Discovery of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia.
AID1570060Displacement of [3H]LSD from human 5-HT6 receptor expressed in HEK cells incubated for 1 hr by Cheng-Prusoff analysis based microbeta scintillation counting method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 180Synthesis of new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID1128469Selectivity ratio of Ki for adrenergic alpha1B receptor (unknown origin) to Ki for human recombinant full length 5HT2A receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID1677161Binding affinity to human dopamine D2 receptor
AID1393367Displacement of [3H]-5-CT from human 5-HT7R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr at 37 degC by microbeta counting method
AID1601983Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from recombinant human D2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by microbeta scintillation counting analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 166Synthesis of novel pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID715351Toxicity in rat assessed as decrease in weight gain at 4 mg/kg, po administered for 7 days relative to vehicle-treated control2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18
Discovery of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID61517Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]-SCH- 23390 binding to Dopamine receptor D1 in rat striatal homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID492642Displacement of [3H]spiperone from dopamine D2 receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat striatum by scintillation spectrometry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 53, Issue:12
Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
AID678715Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID246894In vivo effective dose for reversal of RO-4-1284 induced hypothermia in mouse2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID330558Binding affinity to alphaMSH receptor at 100 nM2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID1128466Inhibition of human dopamine D4 receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID1760279Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by microbeta counting method2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 203Chlorine substituents and linker topology as factors of 5-HT
AID330539Increase in alpha-2AMPK activity in H1RKO mouse hyphalamic slices2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID65622In vitro binding affinity towards Dopamine receptor D3 in Sf9 cell membranes using [3H]7-OH-DPAT as radioligand2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID25471Area under curve (AUC) value of Dopamine level after total treatment in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID87242Binding affinity towards human histamine H1 receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID1169861Binding affinity to dopamine D3 receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22
Targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors for developing effective antipsychotics: synthesis, biological characterization, and behavioral studies.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID330551Increase in phospho-AMPK level in arcuate hyphalamic nuclei intact H1RKO mouse at 5 mg/kg after 3 hrs by immunohistochemistry2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID410334Displacement of [3H]8OH-DPAT from 5HT1A receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat hippocampus by scintillation spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID1601980Displacement of [3H]-ketanserin from recombinant human 5HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1.5 hrs by microbeta scintillation counting analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 166Synthesis of novel pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID246883In vivo effective dose for reversal of tryptamine-induced cyanosis in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1601982Displacement of [3H]-5-CT from recombinant human 5HT7 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by microbeta scintillation counting analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 166Synthesis of novel pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1393471Reversal of PCP-induced cognitive impairment in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in time spent exploring novel object over familiar object pretreated for 60 mins followed by PCP addition by novel object recognition assay
AID681619TP_TRANSPORTER: ATP hydrolysis in membranes from MDR1-expressing insect cells2002Life sciences, May-31, Volume: 71, Issue:2
In vitro P-glycoprotein affinity for atypical and conventional antipsychotics.
AID1185964Displacement of [3H]N-methylspiperone from human dopamine D3 receptor by liquid scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.
AID1409609Cytotoxicity of compound against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay.2020Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID25472Area under curve (AUC) value of HVA level after first treatment (7.4 uM/Kg) in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID410335Displacement of [3H]ketanserin from 5HT2A receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat cortex by scintillation spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID114868Effective dose required to antagonize apomorphine-induced climbing in mice after administration of 2.69 mg/kg dose through oral route2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID25473Area under curve (AUC) value of HVA level after second treatment (24.8 uM/Kg) in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1217729Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation assessed as summation of [3H]GSH adduct formation rate-based reactive metabolites formation and cytochrome P450 (unknown origin) inactivation rate-based reactive metabolites formation2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1677159Drug metabolism in human hepatocyte microsome fraction assessed as GSH conjugate formation by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID342774Binding affinity to human cloned muscarinic M1 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID738352Displacement of [3H]ketanserin from 5-HT2A receptor in human frontal cortex after 30 mins by scintillation counting2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7
[11C]olanzapine, radiosynthesis and lipophilicity of a new potential PET 5-HT2 and D2 receptor radioligand.
AID114866Effective dose required to antagonize apomorphine-induced climbing in mice after administration of 0.18 mg/kg dose subcutaneously2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1570062Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2 receptor expressed in HEK cells incubated for 1 hr by Cheng-Prusoff analysis based microbeta scintillation counting method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 180Synthesis of new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID29813Oral bioavailability in human2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID63866Inhibitory concentration against human Dopamine receptor D4.2 in CHO cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-27, Volume: 39, Issue:20
Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel (piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone antipsychotic agents related to 3-[4-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID386536Inhibition of human ERG potassium channel2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
A binary QSAR model for classification of hERG potassium channel blockers.
AID238882Inhibition of [3H]ketanserin binding to rat 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID1185963Displacement of [3H]N-methylspiperone from human dopamine D2 receptor by liquid scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.
AID1568825Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2L receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells incubated for 1 hr by radioligand binding assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178Synthesis and computer-aided SAR studies for derivatives of phenoxyalkyl-1,3,5-triazine as the new potent ligands for serotonin receptors 5-HT
AID25468Area under curve (AUC) value of DOPAC level after total treatment in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1128460Inhibition of histamine H1 receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID185007Effect of compound on apomorphine induced locomotor hyperactivity (APO-induced LMA), from rat brain striatum at 10 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; LMA (locomotor activity)1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1128454Displacement of [3H]-N-methylspiperone from rat recombinant dopamine D2 short receptor expressed in CHO cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID87529Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding to Histamine H1 receptor in rat tissue homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID492640Displacement of [3H]ketanserin from 5HT2A receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat cortex by scintillation spectrometry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 53, Issue:12
Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
AID61808Binding affinity towards human dopamine-4.2 receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID63809Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]spiperone binding to Dopamine receptor D2 in rat striatal homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID87531In vitro binding affinity towards Histamine H1 receptor of rat frontal cortex homogenate by using radioligand [3H]pyrilamine2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1128455Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant full length 5HT2C receptor to Ki for human recombinant full length 5HT2A receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID232153Ratio of 5-HT2A receptor to that of dopamine 2 (D2) receptor in rat tissue homogenate2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID492643Displacement of [3H]SCH23390 from dopamine D1 receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat striatum by scintillation spectrometry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 53, Issue:12
Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
AID5090pKi value for 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor binding site1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1757456Agonist activity at muscarinic M1 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 40Identification of 2-fluoro-8-methyl-11-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine with clozapine-like mixed activities at muscarinic acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin receptors.
AID141100Binding affinity towards human muscarinic receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID35276Inhibition of [3H]-prazosin binding to Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor in rat frontal cortex homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1570059Displacement of [3H]ketanserin from human 5HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 1.5 hrs by Cheng-Prusoff analysis based microbeta scintillation counting method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 180Synthesis of new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT
AID63060Binding affinity towards human Dopamine receptor D22004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID678721Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID114871Effective dose required to induce catalepsy in mice after administration of 21.2 mg/kg dose through oral route2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID1172030Displacement of [3H]-ketanserin from 5-HT2AR in rat cortex2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of 7-phenylpiperazinylalkyl-1,3-dimethyl-purine-2,6-dione derivatives with diversified 5-HT₁A receptor functional profile.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID141837Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]QNB binding to Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 in rat frontal cortex homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1393472Antipsychotic activity in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as suppression of avoidance behavior by avoiding foot shock administered 60 mins prior to test by conditioned avoidance response test
AID1126945Displacement of [3H]-LSD from human recombinant 5-HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membrane after 1 hr by Microbeta scintillation counting analysis2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-06, Volume: 78SAR-studies on the importance of aromatic ring topologies in search for selective 5-HT(7) receptor ligands among phenylpiperazine hydantoin derivatives.
AID1393474Toxicity in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as induction of catalepsy measured every 30 mins up to 240 mins by bar test
AID238962Inhibition of [3H]nisoxetine binding to rat Norepinephrine transporter2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID180551The compound was tested in vivo for induction of catalepsy in rat after ip administration1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-26, Volume: 42, Issue:17
N-Substituted (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methylamine derivatives as D(2) antagonists/5-HT(1A) partial agonists with potential as atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1128464Inhibition of rat adrenergic alpha1B receptor2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID408340Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells by whole cell patch clamp technique2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11
Support vector machines classification of hERG liabilities based on atom types.
AID715350Toxicity in rat assessed as decrease in total body fat at 4 mg/kg, po administered for 7 days relative to vehicle-treated control2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 22, Issue:18
Discovery of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1217728Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation per mg of protein based on cytochrome P450 (unknown origin) inactivation rate by TDI assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID27167Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID1217706Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C9 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID342787Binding affinity to human SERT2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID132467Antagonistic activity against apomorphine induced climbing in the mouse after po administration1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-26, Volume: 42, Issue:17
N-Substituted (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methylamine derivatives as D(2) antagonists/5-HT(1A) partial agonists with potential as atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID342786Binding affinity to rat NET2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID4782Binding affinity towards serotonin 5-HT2 receptor was determined in rat cortex using [3H]spiperone as ligand1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-27, Volume: 39, Issue:20
Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel (piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone antipsychotic agents related to 3-[4-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate.
AID36113Binding affinity towards human alpha-1 adrenergic receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID37376In vitro binding affinity towards alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in rat frontal cortex homogenate using of [3H]clonidine as radioligand2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID246858In vivo effective dose of compound against 5-MeO-DMT induced head twitches in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID1823834Displacement of [3H]-prazosin from rat cortex membrane alpha1 adrenergic receptor expressed in human recombinant CHO-K1 cells at 1 uM after 30 mins by solid scintillation counting method relative to control
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID458632Displacement of [3H]spiperone from human dopamine D2 receptor at low affinity state expressed in HEK293 cells2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID1353520Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr by Microbeta scintillation counting method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 147Computer-aided insights into receptor-ligand interaction for novel 5-arylhydantoin derivatives as serotonin 5-HT
AID342783Binding affinity to human cloned 5HT1A receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID1595144Displacement of [3H] ketanserin from human recombinant 5-HT2A receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells after 1 hr by microbeta scintillation counting method
AID1393365Displacement of [3H]-LSD from human 5-HT6R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr at 37 degC by microbeta counting method
AID28681Partition coefficient (logD6.5)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID1217710Covalent binding in human liver microsomes measured per mg of protein using radiolabelled compound at 10 uM after 1 hr incubation by liquid scintillation counting2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID694796Displacement of [3H]-LSD from human 5-HT6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56The multiobjective based design, synthesis and evaluation of the arylsulfonamide/amide derivatives of aryloxyethyl- and arylthioethyl- piperidines and pyrrolidines as a novel class of potent 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists.
AID1393369Selectivity index, ratio of pKi for 5-HT2AR to pKi for human D2LR
AID1682829Binding affinity to adrenergic alpha1 receptor (unknown origin)
AID229410Selectivity ratio (5-HT2A/D2 )2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID239052Inhibition of [3H]-spiperone binding to human Dopamine receptor D22005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID330537Increase in phospho-AMPK levels in H1RKO mouse hyphalamic slices at 500 nM after 30 mins by Western blotting2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID1393364Displacement of [3H]-ketanserin from human 5-HT2AR expressed in CHO-K1 cell membranes after 1.5 hrs by microbeta counting method
AID5171Inhibitory concentration against human 5-HT2A receptor in BEK cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-27, Volume: 39, Issue:20
Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel (piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone antipsychotic agents related to 3-[4-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate.
AID246870In vivo effective dose against 5-MeO-DMT-induced head twitches in rats was determined2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID141838In vitro binding affinity towards M1 receptor of rat frontal cortex homogenate by using radioligand [3H]QNB2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1677163In vivo receptor occupancy at human dopamine D1 receptor in schizophrenia patient brain at 10 mCi, iv by PET scanning
AID330556Binding affinity to leptin receptor at 100 nM2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID114872Effective dose required to induce catalepsy in mice after administration of 6.5 mg/kg dose subcutaneously2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID458635Activity at dopamine D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing Galphaqi5 assessed as maximal efficacy relative to control2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID330559Binding affinity to neuropeptide Y receptor at 10 nM2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID330538Orexigenic activity in H1RKO mouse2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID1217709Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID458634Selectivity ratio of Ki for human dopamine D2 receptor at low affinity state to Ki for human dopamine D2 receptor at high affinity state2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
Synthesis and evaluation of a set of 4-phenylpiperidines and 4-phenylpiperazines as D2 receptor ligands and the discovery of the dopaminergic stabilizer 4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine (huntexil, pridopidine, ACR16).
AID342778Binding affinity to human cloned dopamine D3 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID1677160Selectivity ratio of Ki for human dopamine D1 receptor to human dopamine D2 receptor
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID36197Binding affinity towards human alpha-2 adrenergic receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID342773Binding affinity to human cloned 5HT6 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID1128462Inhibition of adrenergic alpha1A receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-27, Volume: 57, Issue:6
Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
AID410331Displacement of [3H]SCH23390 from dopamine D1 receptor in CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS rat striatum by scintillation spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID410333Displacement of [3H]7OH-DPAT from dopamine D3 receptor expressed in Sf9 cells by scintillation spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID63070Binding affinity towards human D2 dopamine receptor.2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID1823826Displacement of [3H]-methylspiperone from human D2 receptor transfected in CHO-K1 cells measured after 60 mins by scintillation counting method
AID1430532Binding affinity to 5HT2A receptor (unknown origin)
AID492641Displacement of [3H]8OH-DPAT from 5HT1A receptor in rat CRL:CD(SD)BR-COBS hippocampus by scintillation spectrometry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 53, Issue:12
Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
AID692513Binding affinity to human histamine H1 receptor2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1
Histamine H3 receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID342777Binding affinity to human cloned dopamine D2 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID342779Binding affinity to human cloned dopamine D4 receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
AID5616Binding affinity towards human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID694797Binding affinity to human dopamine D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56The multiobjective based design, synthesis and evaluation of the arylsulfonamide/amide derivatives of aryloxyethyl- and arylthioethyl- piperidines and pyrrolidines as a novel class of potent 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists.
AID114864Effective dose required to antagonize 5-MeO-DMT-induced head twitches in mice after administration of 1.45 mg/kg dose orally2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID239150Inhibition of [125I]iodosulpiride binding to human Dopamine receptor D32005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID5560Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]ketanserin binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in rat cerebral cortex homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID4066Binding affinity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor from rat brain using [3H]-8-OH-DPAT as radioligand1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-26, Volume: 42, Issue:17
N-Substituted (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methylamine derivatives as D(2) antagonists/5-HT(1A) partial agonists with potential as atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID452390Antagonist activity at 5HT2A receptor2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22
Dual acting norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists: Identification, synthesis and activity of novel 4-aminoethyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indoles.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID678712Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID5569In vitro binding affinity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in rat tissue homogenate using [3H]ketanserin as radioligand2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID330555Binding affinity to leptin receptor at 10 nM2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID37370Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]clonidine binding to Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in rat frontal cortex homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID410336Displacement of [3H]mesulergine from 5HT2C receptor in CRL:(HA) BR albino guinea pig cortex by scintillation spectrometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Discovery of a new class of potential multifunctional atypical antipsychotic agents targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors: design, synthesis, and effects on behavior.
AID694794Displacement of [3H]-5-CT from human 5-HT7b receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56The multiobjective based design, synthesis and evaluation of the arylsulfonamide/amide derivatives of aryloxyethyl- and arylthioethyl- piperidines and pyrrolidines as a novel class of potent 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists.
AID599884Displacement of [3H]5-LSD from human 5HT6 receptor expressed in human HeLa cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18
Novel 7-phenylsulfanyl-1,2,3,4,10,10a-hexahydro-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles as dual serotonin 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptor ligands.
AID395327Dissociation constant, pKa by capillary electrophoresis2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID298489Displacement of [3H]paraxetine from human 5HT transporter expressed in HEK293 cells2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
Principal component analysis differentiates the receptor binding profiles of three antipsychotic drug candidates from current antipsychotic drugs.
AID1757457Agonist activity at muscarinic M1 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells at 10 uM relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-15, Volume: 40Identification of 2-fluoro-8-methyl-11-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine with clozapine-like mixed activities at muscarinic acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin receptors.
AID503306Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells at 2 uM after 120 hrs by MTT assay relative to DMSO2006Nature chemical biology, Jun, Volume: 2, Issue:6
Identifying off-target effects and hidden phenotypes of drugs in human cells.
AID330560Binding affinity to neuropeptide Y receptor at 100 nM2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb-27, Volume: 104, Issue:9
From the Cover: Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain mediated by histamine H1 receptor-linked activation of hypothalamic AMP-kinase.
AID185009Effect of compound on apomorphine induced locomotor hyperactivity (APO-induced LMA), from rat brain striatum at 3 umol/kg upon subcutaneous administration; LMA (locomotor activity) ND = not determined1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID246985Effective dose for antagonistic activity against m-chlorophenyl-piperazine induced anxiety in rats2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID1556425Displacement of [3H]ketanserin from human 5HT2A receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counter method2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 1792-Aminoimidazole-based antagonists of the 5-HT
AID239010Inhibition of [125I]R91150 binding to human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents.
AID1677157In vivo receptor occupancy at dopamine D1 receptor in sc dosed rat brain by measuring free plasma concentration pretreated for 1 hr in presence of raclopride by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1217704Time dependent inhibition of CYP1A2 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1242912Antagonist activity against 5-HT2A receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cell membranes assessed as reduction in [35S]-GTPgammaS binding incubated for 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 25, Issue:18
Discovery of novel potent and selective ligands for 5-HT2A receptor with quinazoline scaffold.
AID25467Area under curve (AUC) value of DOPAC level after second treatment (24.8 uM/Kg) in dialysates collected from rat striatum.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID65733In vitro binding affinity towards Dopamine receptor D2 in rat tissue homogenate using [3H]-spiperone as radioligand2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 47, Issue:1
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID603953In-vivo plasma to lung partition coefficients of the compound, logP(lung) in rat2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3
Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
AID36118Binding affinity towards Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor in human cortex membranes1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-26, Volume: 42, Issue:17
N-Substituted (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methylamine derivatives as D(2) antagonists/5-HT(1A) partial agonists with potential as atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1169863Binding affinity to 5HT2A receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22
Targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors for developing effective antipsychotics: synthesis, biological characterization, and behavioral studies.
AID678717Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1217711Metabolic activation in human liver microsomes assessed as [3H]GSH adduct formation rate measured per mg of protein at 100 uM by [3H]GSH trapping assay2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID239151Inhibition of [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding to Dopamine D3 receptor expressed in Sf9 cells2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6
Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID492639Displacement of [3H]mesulergine from 5HT2C receptor in CRL:(HA) BR albino guinea pig cortex by scintillation spectrometry2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 53, Issue:12
Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors.
AID1172031Displacement of [3H]LSD from human cloned 5-HT6R expressed in HEK293 cells2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of 7-phenylpiperazinylalkyl-1,3-dimethyl-purine-2,6-dione derivatives with diversified 5-HT₁A receptor functional profile.
AID1677156Inhibition of human ERG
AID1520006Displacement of [3H]-LSD from human 5-HT6R expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr by microbeta plate reader analysis
AID1393468Antipsychotic activity in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in PCP-induced hyper-locomotion pretreated for 60 mins followed by PCP addition measured for 30 mins starting 15 min after rat reintroduction to auto-tracks
AID141174Binding affinity towards human M1 receptor.2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID61623Binding affinity to the dopamine receptor D2L in rat brain membranes1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-26, Volume: 42, Issue:17
N-Substituted (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methylamine derivatives as D(2) antagonists/5-HT(1A) partial agonists with potential as atypical antipsychotic agents.
AID1217708Time dependent inhibition of CYP2D6 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID65767Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding to Dopamine receptor D3 in rat tissue homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID36199Binding affinity towards human alpha-2 adrenergic receptor2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6
Selective optimization of side activities: another way for drug discovery.
AID1449628Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12
Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID65563Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]spiperone binding to Dopamine receptor D2 in rat striatal homogenate2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.
AID63824pKi value for Dopamine receptor D2 binding site1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
New antipsychotic agents with serotonin and dopamine antagonist properties based on a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine structure.
AID1823847Anti-antidepressant like activity in Wistar rat assessed as reduction in locomotor activity by measuring total immobility time by Forced swim test
AID1169860Binding affinity to dopamine D2 receptor (unknown origin)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22
Targeting dopamine D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors for developing effective antipsychotics: synthesis, biological characterization, and behavioral studies.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346603Human 5-ht1e receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID624233Agonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT1F1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1346893Human 5-HT2C receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2009Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature.
AID1345857Rat alpha1A-adrenoceptor (Adrenoceptors)2008Psychopharmacology, Jul, Volume: 199, Issue:1
Orthostatic hypotensive effect of antipsychotic drugs in Wistar rats by in vivo and in vitro studies of alpha1-adrenoceptor function.
AID624223Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2A1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1346037Human H1 receptor (Histamine receptors)2003Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.
AID1345235Rat 5-HT7 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996European journal of pharmacology, Dec-19, Volume: 317, Issue:2-3
Iloperidone binding to human and rat dopamine and 5-HT receptors.
AID1345170Human 5-HT6 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2005Psychopharmacology, May, Volume: 179, Issue:2
Stable expression of constitutively activated mutant h5HT6 and h5HT7 serotonin receptors: inverse agonist activity of antipsychotic drugs.
AID1345615Human 5-HT1A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID624210Agonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT1A1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1345235Rat 5-HT7 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1994The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Mar, Volume: 268, Issue:3
Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotic agents to 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 receptors.
AID1346893Human 5-HT2C receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2003Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.
AID1346739Human 5-HT1F receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1345170Human 5-HT6 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Journal of neurochemistry, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1
Cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human 5-HT6 serotonin receptor.
AID1345291Human 5-HT7 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1998British journal of pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 124, Issue:6
Functional characterisation of the human cloned 5-HT7 receptor (long form); antagonist profile of SB-258719.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2003Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.
AID1345788Human D2 receptor (Dopamine receptors)1998Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Feb, Volume: 18, Issue:2
Do novel antipsychotics have similar pharmacological characteristics? A review of the evidence.
AID624223Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2A2002European journal of pharmacology, Aug-16, Volume: 450, Issue:1
A comparison of the receptor binding and HERG channel affinities for a series of antipsychotic drugs.
AID1345920Rat alpha1D-adrenoceptor (Adrenoceptors)2008Psychopharmacology, Jul, Volume: 199, Issue:1
Orthostatic hypotensive effect of antipsychotic drugs in Wistar rats by in vivo and in vitro studies of alpha1-adrenoceptor function.
AID1345154Rat 5-HT6 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1994The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Mar, Volume: 268, Issue:3
Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotic agents to 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 receptors.
AID1346037Human H1 receptor (Histamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2002European journal of pharmacology, Aug-16, Volume: 450, Issue:1
A comparison of the receptor binding and HERG channel affinities for a series of antipsychotic drugs.
AID624223Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2A2003Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.
AID624230Agonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-ht1e1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1345615Human 5-HT1A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1998European journal of pharmacology, Aug-21, Volume: 355, Issue:2-3
Agonist and antagonist actions of antipsychotic agents at 5-HT1A receptors: a [35S]GTPgammaS binding study.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2009Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature.
AID1346528Human 5-HT1D receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1346264Human 5-HT1B receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1346893Human 5-HT2C receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2000The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Oct, Volume: 295, Issue:1
Inverse agonist activity of atypical antipsychotic drugs at human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors.
AID624210Agonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT1A1998European journal of pharmacology, Aug-21, Volume: 355, Issue:2-3
Agonist and antagonist actions of antipsychotic agents at 5-HT1A receptors: a [35S]GTPgammaS binding study.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996Psychopharmacology, Mar, Volume: 124, Issue:1-2
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
AID1345154Rat 5-HT6 receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1996European journal of pharmacology, Dec-19, Volume: 317, Issue:2-3
Iloperidone binding to human and rat dopamine and 5-HT receptors.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1799301Radioligand Binding Assay (Ki) from Article 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.023: \\Dual acting norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists: Identification, synthesis and activity of novel 4-aminoethyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indoles.\\2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 17, Issue:22
Dual acting norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists: Identification, synthesis and activity of novel 4-aminoethyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indoles.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1802951In Vitro Inhibition Assay from Article 10.3109/14756360903489581: \\Effects of some drugs on human erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: an in vitro study.\\2010Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Effects of some drugs on human erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: an in vitro study.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (5,880)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's437 (7.43)18.2507
2000's2795 (47.53)29.6817
2010's2015 (34.27)24.3611
2020's633 (10.77)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,340 (21.14%)5.53%
Reviews792 (12.49%)6.00%
Case Studies1,328 (20.95%)4.05%
Observational41 (0.65%)0.25%
Other2,838 (44.77%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (394)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Clinical Trial of Dipyridamole in Schizophrenia[NCT00349973]29 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Open-label Study Comparing the Effects of Olanzapine Pamoate Depot With Oral Olanzapine on Treatment Outcomes in Outpatients With Schizophrenia[NCT00320489]Phase 3524 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Risperidone Effects On Frontal And Temporal Cortical Function In Schizophrenia Patients Undergoing FMRI Cognitive Task Performance[NCT01234454]34 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-01-31Completed
Efficacy of Olanzapine in Break-through Emesis After Prophylaxis With Dexamethasone, 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists and Aprepitant Compared to Metoclopramide[NCT01148264]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Terminated(stopped due to poor enrolment)
Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Olanzapine Versus Aprepitant Plus Ondansetron and Dexamethasone as Antiemetic Prophylaxis in Patients Receiving High Emetic Chemotherapy[NCT03876938]Phase 3147 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-01Recruiting
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of CORT118335 on Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain in Healthy Subjects[NCT03877562]Phase 196 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-04-01Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose, 6-Month Extension Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Asenapine With Olanzapine in Subjects Who Completed the Protocol 25543 (NCT 00212836; P05817)[NCT00265343]Phase 3306 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Study Investigating the Relationship Between the Antipsychotic Response and Non-invasive Proxies of Neurochemistry in Schizophrenia[NCT06159322]40 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-01-01Recruiting
Oral Rapidly Dissolving Olanzapine for Acute Primary Headache in the Emergency Department Setting: A Feasibility Trial[NCT03066622]Phase 4122 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Olanzapine With or Without Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): A Phase III Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT03578081]Phase 3690 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-15Completed
A Double Blind Pilot Trial to Evaluate Efficacy Trends and Safety of Risperidone and Olanzapine as add-on Therapy to Serotonin Type Antidepressants in Subjects With Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD)[NCT01282632]Phase 1/Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-08-31Completed
A Twelve-Month, Prospective, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Open-Label, Flexible-Dose Study of Paliperidone Palmitate Compared With Oral Antipsychotic Treatment in Adults With Schizophrenia Who Have Been Recently Discharged From an Inpatient Psychiatric H[NCT01193166]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Withdrawn(stopped due to This study was stopped due to an internal reconsideration of priorities of the product portfolio.)
A Double-Blind, 9-Week Extension Study Evaluating the Safety and Maintenance of Effect of Asenapine vs. Olanzapine in the Treatment of Subjects With Acute Mania Clinical Trial Protocol A7501006 (Secondary Title: ARES)[NCT00143182]Phase 3504 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-07Completed
Phase1 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo/Active-Controlled, SAD, 2-Way, Incomplete Block, 2-Period Crossover, Safety, Tolerability, PK/PD Study of 3 Doses INP105 (Olanzapine Delivered by I231 POD® Device) Nasal Spray in Healthy Volunteers[NCT03624322]Phase 138 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-08-05Completed
A Multicentre, 8-week, Single-arm, Open-label, Pragmatic Trial to Explore Acceptance and Performance of Using a Digital Medicine System With Healthcare Professionals and Adult Subjects With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or First Episode Psychos[NCT03568500]Phase 444 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-21Completed
A Single-Site, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Olanzapine Taken Daily for the Prevention of Episodic Migraine.[NCT00203307]3 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Study terminated by sponsor)
A Phase 1b, In-Patient Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of the Co-Administration of Roluperidone and Olanzapine in Adult Subjects With Moderate to Severe Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia[NCT06107803]Phase 118 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-13Recruiting
Blood Lactate Levels in Patients Treated With Typical or Atypical Antipsychotics[NCT01139463]60 participants (Actual)Observational2008-06-30Completed
Olanzapine as First Line Treatment for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Chemotherapy of Lung Cancer: a Multicenter, Double-blind and Randomized Trial[NCT03571126]Phase 4156 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-09Recruiting
Optimization of Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Europe[NCT01248195]Phase 4479 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Combination With Psychosocial Intervention on Outcome of Patients With Schizophrenia:One-Year Follow up.[NCT00654576]Phase 41,400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Olanzapine for the Treatment of Chronic Nausea and/or Vomiting, Unrelated to Chemotherapy or Radiation, in Advanced Cancer Patient - A Pilot, Dose-Finding Trial[NCT03137121]Phase 2/Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-12Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Weight Gain of ALKS 3831 Compared to Olanzapine in Adults With Schizophrenia[NCT02694328]Phase 3561 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-02Completed
Olanzapine for the Treatment of Chronic Nausea and/or Vomiting, Unrelated to Chemotherapy or Radiation, in Advanced Cancer Patients - A Confirmatory Phase III MNCCTN Trial[NCT05403580]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-06-03Withdrawn(stopped due to Closed due to slow accrual)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active- and Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Extended-Release Paliperidone as Maintenance Treatment After an Acute Manic or Mixed Episode Associated With Bipolar I Dis[NCT00490971]Phase 3768 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
Longitudinal Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: a MRI Study[NCT03651674]200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-20Not yet recruiting
An Observational Drug Utilization Study of SYCREST^® (Asenapine) in the United Kingdom[NCT01498770]42 participants (Actual)Observational2013-04-01Completed
A Pilot Study on Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Palliative Cancer Care[NCT03679182]Phase 215 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-01Recruiting
Interventional, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Study of the Efficacy of Lu AF35700 in Patients With Early-in-disease or Late-in-disease Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia[NCT03230864]Phase 3119 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-20Terminated(stopped due to New data; the study was terminated based on new efficacy data from another study)
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs to Treat Psychosis Syndrome: an Open Label, Controlled Study[NCT02137616]300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-06-30Recruiting
Olanzapine Augmentation of Buprenorphine-naloxone Treatment in OUD Patients With Comorbid Symptoms of Serious Mental Illness (SMI): A Prospective Open-label Single-arm 9-week Study[NCT05179772]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-07-28Withdrawn(stopped due to NIDA has advised us to terminate this protocol due to the difficulties in finding appropriate subjects.)
A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sublingual Asenapine vs. Olanzapine and Placebo in In-Patients With an Acute Manic Episode Clinical Trial Protocol 7501005 (Secondary Title: ARES)[NCT00159796]Phase 3489 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-14Completed
HALO Trial: Haloperidol vs Olanzapine in Hyperactive Delirium in Palliative Care Patients; A Multi-Centre, Randomised-Controlled Trial[NCT04833023]Phase 372 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-18Recruiting
Olanzapine for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Surgery in High-risk Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04718727]Phase 1/Phase 2132 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-15Completed
Phase IIIb, Multicenter, Single-Arm Open-Label Study, Supporting the Development and the Validation of the MATHYS Scale (Multidimensional Assessment of THYmic States) in a Population of Bipolar Patients Treated With Olanzapine, Either in-Label (Manic and [NCT00259272]Phase 3141 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Completed
Prospective Observational Investigation of Olanzapine Versus Midazolam for the Treatment of Acute Undifferentiated Agitation in the Emergency Department[NCT03899506]206 participants (Actual)Observational2018-06-18Terminated(stopped due to Investigator Voluntary Pause)
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Asenapine (10-20 mg/Day) in With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder, in a Multicenter Trial Using (10-20 mg/Day) as a Control[NCT00212771]Phase 3440 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Flexible -Dose, 6-Month Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine With Olanzapine in Stable Subjects With Predominant, Persistent Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia.[NCT00145496]Phase 3468 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
Comparison of Single-Dose Plasma and Blood Concentrations of Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Paliperidone and Risperidone After Capillary and Venous Blood Sample Collection[NCT01607762]Phase 131 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
Effects of the Serotonin 2A Receptor on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion: a Double-blind Controlled Comparison of Olanzapine vs. Amisulpride:[NCT01160991]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, 52-Week Study of OLZ/SAM vs Olanzapine to Evaluate Weight Gain as Assessed by Change in BMI Z-Score in Pediatric Subjects With Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder (ENLIGHTEN-Youth)[NCT05303064]Phase 3220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-30Recruiting
A Phase II, Multi-center, Randomized, 4-week, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Placebo and Active-controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of RO4917838 vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia[NCT01234779]Phase 2301 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
A Randomized, Multi-site, Parallel-group, Rater-blind Study Comparing Response With Aripiprazole Once Monthly and Standard of Care Oral Antipsychotics in Non-adherent Outpatients With Schizophrenia Identified Using the Brief Adherence Rating Scale[NCT02282085]Phase 4200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-12-31Recruiting
The Switch Study - Efficacy of Early Antipsychotic Switch Versus Maintenance in Patients With Schizophrenia Poorly Responding to Two Weeks of Antipsychotic Treatment[NCT01029769]351 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
A Multi-Center, Inpatient, Phase 2, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose Ranging Study of LY2140023 in Patients With DSM-IV Schizophrenia[NCT00520923]Phase 2654 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Effects of 5-HTR2A, DRD2,and COMT Genes Polymorphisms and Drug Plasma Concentration on Antipsychotic Response to Olanzapine in Treatment of Early-onset Schizophrenia[NCT02435654]Phase 4128 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Completed
Neuroendocrine, Metabolite Substrates, Clinical Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia[NCT02423096]200 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2013-12-31Recruiting
[NCT02400866]Phase 258 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-05-31Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Brain Metabolism in Healthy Individuals[NCT02536846]Phase 435 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-17Completed
Phase II Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Olanzapine With Short-acting 5HT3 Inhibitors in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea & Vomiting (CINV) Prophylaxis[NCT03478605]Phase 2130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-25Recruiting
Intramuscular Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol or Midazolam for the Management of Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department - a Multicentre Randomised Clinical Trial[NCT02380118]Phase 4167 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Terminated(stopped due to Primary endpoint reached based on data projection from interim analysis.)
A Placebo-Controlled Double Blind Comparative Study of JNS007ER in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00396565]Phase 3394 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Effect of Antipsychotics on Central Insulin Action in Relation to Glucose Metabolism and Cognition in Healthy Volunteers[NCT03741478]Phase 164 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-22Recruiting
A Four-week, Multicentre, Double-blinded, Randomised, Active- and Placebo- Controlled, Parallel-group Trial Investigating Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol in Acute, Early-stage Schizophrenic Patients[NCT02088060]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-03-31Active, not recruiting
A Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-controlled, Flexible Dose Study Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of 12 Weeks Treatment With Lu 31-130 in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00770744]Phase 293 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
The Optimization of Antiemetic Regimen for Chemoradiotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (C-RINV) in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LA-HNSCCs): A Prospective Phase Ⅱ Trial[NCT05202275]Phase 243 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-01Recruiting
Efficacy and Dosage of Olanzapine for Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis in Women With Gynecologic Cancers Receiving Carboplatin-based Regimen : a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Crossover Trial[NCT04232423]Phase 390 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-01Completed
Open-Label Comparative Study of Risperidone Versus Olanzapine for Mania in Preschool Children 4 to 6 Years of Age With Bipolar Spectrum Disorder[NCT00181935]Phase 440 participants Interventional2001-03-31Completed
Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of FOND (Fosaprepitant, Ondansetron, Dexamethasone) Versus FOND+O (FOND Plus Olanzapine) for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Hematology Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy Re[NCT02635984]Phase 3108 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Determine the Antipsychotic Efficacy and Safety of ALKS 3831 in Adult Subjects With Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia[NCT02634346]Phase 3403 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Olanzapine for the Treatment of Post-Discharge Nausea and Vomiting After Ambulatory Surgery[NCT02755116]Phase 2180 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-30Completed
Olanzapine Improves the Chemotherapy Tolerance of Advanced Gastric Cancer: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Phase II Clinical Study[NCT03575637]Phase 2180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-07-31Recruiting
A Long-Term, Open-Label, Multicenter Study of LY2140023 Compared to Atypical Antipsychotic Standard of Care in Patients With DSM-IV-TR Schizophrenia[NCT01129674]Phase 2/Phase 31,210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-06-30Terminated(stopped due to The decision to stop the trial was based on efficacy results in the overall schizophrenia participant population.)
Clinical Comprehensive Intervention on Cognitive Impairment of Schizophrenia Patients With Metabolic Syndrome[NCT04518319]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-01Suspended(stopped due to The COVID-19 affects the recruitment of patients.)
Olanzapine for the Prevention of Delayed Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Gynecologic Cancers Receiving Carboplatin and Paclitaxel-based Chemotherapy and Guideline-directed Prophylactic Anti-emetics[NCT02290470]Phase 281 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-04-30Recruiting
Evaluation of the Necessity of Long-term Pharmacological Treatment With Antipsychotics for the Prevention of Relapse in Long-term Stabilized Schizophrenic Patients: a Randomized, Single-blind, Longitudinal Trial[NCT02307396]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-01Completed
Clozapine and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Violence in Schizophrenic Patients[NCT01123408]110 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-06-30Completed
A Long-Term, Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Comparative Safety Study of LY2140023 Versus Atypical Antipsychotic Standard of Care in Patients With DSM-IV-TR Schizophrenia[NCT00845026]Phase 2261 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
A Phase IIa, Double-blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of AZD2624 in Adult Schizophrenia Patients[NCT00686998]Phase 2106 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
The Characteristics of Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia From the Illness Onset[NCT06128408]300 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-12-01Not yet recruiting
A Prospective, Matched-Control, Randomized, Open-Label, Flexible-Dose, Study in Subjects With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia or Schizophreniform Disorder to Compare Disease Progression and Disease Modification Following Treatment With Paliperidone Palmitate L[NCT02431702]Phase 3337 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-08Completed
Pre-operative Olanzapine as Prophylactic Antiemetic in Oncologic Patients[NCT03631004]Phase 2/Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-01Completed
[NCT01149577]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
Clozapine Versus Olanzapine as Treatment for Comorbid Psychotic Disorder and Substance Use Disorder[NCT03857581]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-31Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine as an Adjunctive Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa in Children and Adolescents: An Open-label Trial[NCT01184443]Phase 338 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment)
Clinical Effectiveness Of The Newer Antipsychotic Compounds Olanzapine, Quetiapine And Aripiprazole In Comparison With Low Dose Conventional Antipsychotics (Haloperidol And Flupentixol) In Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT01164059]Phase 4149 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
Effect of Atypical Antipsychotics on Gene Expression in Soft Tissues of Healthy Subjects - A Placebo Controlled Randomised Pilot Study[NCT01185743]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
Efficacy of Olanzapine Monotherapy for Treatment Bipolar Ⅰ Depression: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study[NCT01303601]Phase 468 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Continuation Electroconvulsive Therapy Associated With Pharmacotherapy Versus Pharmacotherapy Alone for Relapse Prevention in Major Depression. A Clinical, Controlled, Prospective and Randomized Trial[NCT01305707]Phase 4104 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Difficulties in recruiting)
Identification of Multi-modal Bio-markers for Early Diagnosis and Treatment Prediction in Schizophrenia Individuals[NCT03790085]Early Phase 12,700 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-01Recruiting
Proposal To Develop A Rapid And Cost-Effective Diagnostic Test For Schizophrenia[NCT03781115]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-11-20Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-controlled Injection of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Acute Agitation Associated With Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder.[NCT05803642]Phase 3318 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-28Not yet recruiting
Analgesic Effect of Olanzapine in Cancer Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel Group Pilot Study[NCT00737191]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Withdrawn(stopped due to No accrual; No patients enrolled)
Single-Dose Fasting In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Tablets (5 mg; Mylan) and Zyprexa® Tablets (5 mg; Eli Lilly) in Healthy Volunteers[NCT00648921]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Comparison of Olanzapine and Lamotrigine in the Prevention of Recurrence of Depressive Episode in the Patients With Bipolar Disorders[NCT01864551]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
A Study to Assess the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine and Fluoxetine Combination Versus Fluoxetine Only in the Relapse Prevention of Stabilized Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression[NCT00958568]Phase 3892 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
An Exploratory Cognition Study Conducted as an add-on to Clinical Trial 11286, to Evaluate the Neurocognitive Effects of 12 Weeks Treatment With Sertindole and Olanzapine in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00759421]Phase 396 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Orally-Disintegrating vs. Regular Olanzapine Tablets: Effects on Weight and GI Hormones[NCT00384332]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Assessment of the Inter-patient Variability in Clinical Response and Correlated Genetic Variations in Substance Use Disorders[NCT05833399]200 participants (Anticipated)Observational2022-11-28Recruiting
Proof-of-Concept Trial of Palonosetron and Olanzapine Without Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting[NCT02970643]48 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-07-31Enrolling by invitation
Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine and Fluoxetine Combination Versus Placebo in Patients Ages 10-17 in the Treatment of Major Depressive Episodes Associated With Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00844857]Phase 4291 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Randomized Comparison of the Acute Effects of Olanzapine and Ziprasidone on Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Volunteers[NCT00910988]46 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Effectiveness of 6 Antipsychotic Drugs in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Inpatients With Schizophrenia: a Randomized Double-blind Study[NCT02192723]550 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
Addition of Olanzapine to Standard CINV Prophylaxis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant[NCT04535141]Phase 391 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-18Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose, 6-Week Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Compared With Placebo Using Olanzapine Positive Control in Subjects With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia[NCT00151424]Phase 3277 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-15Completed
The Efficacy of Steroid-Sparing Anti-Emetic Therapy in Patients Treated With High or Moderate Emetogenic Chemotherapy; Single Center Non-Inferiority Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05590923]Phase 4104 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-07Recruiting
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel, PhaseⅣ Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of A-prexa Compared to Zyprexa in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder and Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT02137993]Phase 464 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
Cannabidiol as a Different Type of an Antipsychotic: Drug Delivery and Interaction Study With Approved Antipsychotics in Vivo[NCT02051387]Phase 174 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
The Effect of Short Term Atypical Antipsychotic Administration Compared to Placebo on Hepatic Insulin Extraction and Muscarinic Mediation of B-Cell Function: A Small Mechanistic, Single-Site Study[NCT02447835]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
Open-Label Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate the Steady-State Venous and Capillary Plasma Concentrations of Five Antipsychotics: Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Paliperidone, Quetiapine and Risperidone[NCT02087579]Phase 1305 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multiple Dose Study of Weight Associated Parameters: SEP-363856 vs Prior Antipsychotic (PA) Standard of Care in Subjects With Schizophrenia Suffering From Metabolic Dysregulation[NCT05542264]Phase 160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-15Recruiting
Molecular Mechanisms of Antipsychotic-induced Insulin Resistance in Healthy Volunteers[NCT02708394]Early Phase 131 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-01Completed
The Effectiveness of Supplementing Supported Employment With Behavioral Skills Training[NCT00183625]Phase 4107 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Completed
Interventions to Test the Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptor Model in Schizophrenia[NCT00509067]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 3 Fixed Doses of JNJ-37822681 Administered Twice Daily in Subjects With Schizophrenia[NCT00728195]Phase 2498 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Psychosis[NCT00446992]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine, Quetiapine or Risperidone in Treatment Resistant Bipolar Disorder[NCT02562287]Phase 454 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-10-31Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-blind, Fixed-Dose, 28-Day Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of SCH 900435 Compared With Placebo, Using Olanzapine as an Active Control in Subjects With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia (GUEST -[NCT00988728]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Withdrawn
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo and Active Controlled Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Risperidone Long-acting Injectable (LAI) for the Prevention of Mood Episodes in the Treatment of Subjects With Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00391222]Phase 3585 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in the Extended Treatment for Manic or Mixed Episode of Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00266630]Phase 3139 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Completed
Tardive Dyskinesia and Cognitive Function[NCT00926965]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
Assessment of Lipid Response to Acute Olanzapine in Healthy Adults[NCT04181385]Phase 2/Phase 315 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-01-01Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine Versus Low-dose Olanzapine Plus Low-dose Trifluoperazine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia[NCT02704962]Phase 494 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
A Comparison of the Effects of Modafinil on Olanzapine Associated Eating Behaviors in Normal Human Subjects[NCT00636896]50 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Neuroleptic and Huntington Disease. Comparison of : Olanzapine, la Tetrabenazine and Tiapride. A Multicentric, Randomised, Controlled Study.[NCT00632645]Phase 3180 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Risperidone and Olanzapine for the Schizophrenic Patients With Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia[NCT00621998]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-07-31Completed
Single-Dose Fasting In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Tablets (20 mg; Mylan) and Zyprexa® Tablets (20 mg; Eli Lilly) in Healthy Volunteers[NCT00647972]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-05-31Terminated(stopped due to during Period 1 due to numerous orthostatic AEs that occurred. Subsequently, RLD was reduced to 5 mg due to safety concerns.)
An International, Multicenter, Large Simple Trial (LST) To Compare The Cardiovascular Safety Of Ziprasidone And Olanzapine[NCT00418171]Phase 418,239 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
An Oral, Rising Single-Dose Tolerance, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of Pf-00184562 Capsules In Healthy Volunteers[NCT00150215]Phase 118 participants Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Patients With Bipolar I Disorder, Depressed: A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison With Placebo[NCT00510146]Phase 3514 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Completed
The Assessment of the Safety, Efficacy, and Practicality of an Algorithm Including Amantadine, Metformin and Zonisamide for the Prevention of Olanzapine-Associated Weight Gain in Outpatients With Schizophrenia[NCT00401973]Phase 3199 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry[NCT01057329]200 participants (Actual)Observational2010-01-31Completed
Early Predictors of Poor Treatment Response in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Atypical Antipsychotics[NCT03730857]Phase 1111 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
A Phase 2a, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-group Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of ASP4345 as Add-on Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Subjects With Schizophrenia on Stable Doses of Antipsychotic Medication[NCT03557931]Phase 2233 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-13Completed
A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Confirmatory Study of Rapid-Acting Intramuscular Olanzapine in Agitated Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00640510]Phase 334 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
Phase III Randomized Control Trial Investigating Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies Receiving Every 3-week Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Chemotherapy[NCT04503668]Phase 3170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-28Recruiting
Single-Dose Food In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Tablets (5 mg; Mylan) and Zyprexa® Tablets (5 mg; Eli Lilly) in Healthy Volunteers[NCT00647777]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Schizophrenia[NCT00493233]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Joining Forces: Integrating Psychotropic Medication Into the Care of People With Mental Disorders in a Prayer Camp in Ghana[NCT02593734]Phase 4139 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
An Exploratory Study Conducted as an add-on to Clinical Trial 11286, to Evaluate the Metabolic Effect of up to 12 Weeks Treatment With Sertindole and Olanzapine in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00759460]Phase 3250 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Phase IIa, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Active Comparator- and Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of MK8998 in Acutely Psychotic Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00827918]Phase 2216 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Atypical Antipsychotics and Hyperglycemic Emergencies: Multicentre, Retrospective Cohort Study of Administrative Data[NCT02582736]725,489 participants (Actual)Observational2012-04-30Completed
Aprepitant- and Olanzapine- Containing Regimens for Prevention of Acute and Delayed Nausea and Vomiting Associated With High Dose Melphalan and BEAM in Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Patients[NCT02939287]Phase 3429 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-23Completed
A Randomized Open Label Study on the Efficacy, Tolerability, and Total Costs of Olanzapine Versus Conventional Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Acute Mania in Sweden[NCT00767715]Phase 411 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Trial discontinued due to low enrollment)
A Double-Blind Confirmatory Study Comparing Rapid-Acting Intramuscular Olanzapine and Rapid-Acting Intramuscular Placebo in Patients With an Exacerbation of Schizophrenia With Acute Psychotic Agitation[NCT00970281]Phase 391 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Metabolic Effects of Subchronic Dopamine D2 Receptor Blockade by Antipsychotic Drugs in Healthy Humans[NCT00625170]11 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Efficacy of Olanzapine, Netupitant and Palonosetron in Controlling Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy in Patients With Breast Cancer[NCT04669132]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-12-17Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparative Study of Aripiprazole and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Schizophrenia[NCT00712686]Phase 3690 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Completed
Randomized, Placebo-controlled Parallel Group Study for the Evaluation of an Oral Dose of 10mg Olanzapine in Combination With Riluzole for the Treatment of Loss of Appetite in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)[NCT00876772]Phase 2/Phase 340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-03-31Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Flexible -Dose, 6-Month Trial Comparing the Efficacy Safety of Asenapine With Olanzapine in Stable Subjects With Predominant, Persistent Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia[NCT00212836]Phase 3481 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-21Completed
A Fifteen-month, Prospective, Randomized, Active-controlled, Open-label, Flexible Dose Study of Paliperidone Palmitate Compared With Oral Antipsychotic Treatment in Delaying Time to Treatment Failure in Adults With Schizophrenia Who Have Been Incarcerated[NCT01157351]Phase 4450 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
Ondansetron With Olanzapine for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Preliminary Clinical Trial[NCT00678457]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Flexible-dose Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of 12 Weeks of Treatment With Sertindole or Olanzapine in Patients With Schizophrenia in Asia[NCT00864045]Phase 3394 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Using a Visual Decision Aid (DA) to Facilitate Shared Decision Making (SDM) During Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia.[NCT01420575]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment rate.)
FORESIGHT: Feasibility of Olanzapine at REduced doSe in hIGHly Emetogenic chemoTherapy: a Randomised Controlled Trial Against Aprepitant in Triple Therapy[NCT04075955]Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-04-29Completed
GiSAS Trial: Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, and Haloperidol in the Long Term Treatment of Schizophrenia.[NCT01052389]Phase 4300 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized Study Comparing Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot With Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00088478]Phase 3402 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Perioperative Administration of Olanzapine to Prevent Postoperative Delirium in Joint Replacement Patients[NCT00699946]495 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Use, Effects and Side-effects of Second-generation Antipsychotics in a Naturalistic Setting.[NCT00932529]Phase 4226 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
Atypical Antipsychotic Medication for Outpatients With Anorexia Nervosa[NCT00685334]Phase 422 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Sequenced Atypical Antipsychotics Therapy With Intensive or Basic Psychosocial Intervention for First-episode Schizophrenia: An Effectiveness Study[NCT01057849]600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-09-30Recruiting
A Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Two-Armed, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Assessment (ACTAMESA) of Org 5222 and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT00212784]Phase 31,225 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-09-04Completed
A New Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Olanzapine[NCT00746785]Phase 3304 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-09-30Completed
D-serine Antipsychotic Monotherapy for Treatment Refractory Schizophrenia[NCT00816894]Phase 218 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
A 12-Month Randomized, Open-Label Study of Caregiver Psycho-education and Skills Training in Patients Recently Diagnosed With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Schizophreniform Disorder and Receiving Paliperidone Palmitate or Oral Antipsychotic [NCT02600741]296 participants (Actual)Observational2015-07-24Completed
An Exploratory Analysis of Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated With Clozapine Versus Non-Clozapine Antipsychotics in Individuals With Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia[NCT05741502]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-16Recruiting
Phase 4 Study of Efficacy and Safety of Tandospirone Combined With Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs to Improve Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia[NCT02040883]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-02-28Not yet recruiting
Phase II Study of Rolapitant Plus Olanzapine, Palonosetron, and Dexamethasone in Patients With Germ Cell Tumors Undergoing 5-day Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy.[NCT03960151]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Compound was sold by funder and development ceased.)
The Effect of FOsamprenavir/Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single-dose of the Antipsychotic Agent olanZApine (FORZA)[NCT00977301]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
An Investigation of the Sleep Architecture and Consequent Cognitive Changes in Olanzapine-Treated Depressed Patients[NCT00520507]Phase 427 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Clozapine vs. Olanzapine: An Effectiveness Study[NCT00169065]Phase 438 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-08-31Completed
A Multicentre Double-blinded Randomized Head-to-head Study[NCT00885690]11 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to recruitment problems)
[NCT00182013]Phase 4106 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-06-30Completed
A One-Year Multi-Centre Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Effectiveness Study of Quetiapine and Olanzapine, Comparing Their Relative Potential in Improving Neuro-Cognitive Deficits, Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia[NCT00182442]Phase 480 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Developmental Pharmacokinetics of Psychotropic Drugs: Olanzapine[NCT00183612]68 participants Interventional2000-05-31Terminated
Modulation of Regional Brain Activation in Schizophrenic Patients by Pharmacological Therapy With Amisulpride, Olanzapine or Haloperidol. A Study With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)[NCT00419653]Phase 419 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment issues)
The Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00338949]Phase 477 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Divalproex and Olanzapine in Bipolar I Disorder, Mixed Episode[NCT00402324]Phase 4202 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
Brain Correlates of Olanzapine Treatment Response in BPD[NCT00275301]19 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
Placebo- and Haloperidol-Controlled Double-Blind Trial of Olanzapine in Patients With Manic or Mixed Episode of Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00129220]Phase 3224 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Predicting Response to Risperidone Treatment Through Identification of Early-onset of Antipsychotic Drug Action in Schizophrenia.[NCT00337662]Phase 4628 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
A 16-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label Study to Assess the Effects of Aripiprazole Versus Other Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients With Metabolic Syndrome[NCT00508157]Phase 4125 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Slow Accrual)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study, Comparing The Efficacy And Tolerability Of Ziprasidone (Zeldox, Geodon) vs. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) In The Treatment And Maintenance Of Response In Patients With Acute Mania[NCT00329108]Phase 429 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Please see Brief Summary for Termination Reason.)
BMI Evaluation: Placebo and Active Comparator Trial of Olanzapine Zydis Pills Used Sublingually (PLATYPUS)[NCT00303602]Phase 4149 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
A Comparative Study of New Medications for Psychosis in Adolescents[NCT00222495]30 participants Interventional2002-08-31Completed
Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Lithium, Valproate, Oxcarbazepine, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, and Ziprasidone in Bipolar I Disorder, Manic or Mixed Phase[NCT01893229]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-09-30Recruiting
Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine in a Controlled Fixed Dose-Response Trial for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT00100776]Phase 4600 participants Interventional2003-09-30Completed
Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, Manic or Mixed[NCT00034580]Phase 4326 participants Interventional2001-08-31Completed
The Study of Olanzapine Plus Fluoxetine in Combination for Treatment-Resistant Depression Without Psychotic Features[NCT00035321]Phase 3600 participants Interventional2002-04-30Completed
Reduction of Body Weight in Olanzapine Treated Schizophrenia Patients by Adjunctive Supplementation of Antioxidants (Vitamins E + C) Plus Omega-3 Fatty Acids[NCT00211562]Phase 320 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Terminated
Ziprasidone Versus Olanzapine In The Treatment Of Schizophrenia: A Six Months, Double Blind Randomized, Parallel Group Study.[NCT00239109]Phase 4112 participants Interventional2003-04-30Completed
Atypical Antipsychotics for Continuation and Maintenance Treatment After an Acute Manic Episode[NCT01977300]Phase 3159 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
Lack of Efficacy of Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments of Eating Disorders: Neurobiological Background[NCT01990755]112 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
An Open Label, Randomised, 2-Period, 2-Treatment, 2-Sequence, Crossover, Single-Dose Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Orally Disintegrating 5mg Tablets (Test Formulation; Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., India) Versus Zyprexa® Zydis® 5 mg Tablets (Referenc[NCT01996488]Phase 10 participants InterventionalCompleted
An Open Label, Randomised, 2-Period, 2-Treatment, 2-Sequence, Crossover, Single-Dose Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Orally Disintegrating 5mg Tablets (Test Formulation; Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., India) Versus Zyprexa® Zydis® 5 mg Tablets (Referenc[NCT01996501]Phase 10 participants InterventionalCompleted
Assessment of Incidence of Adverse Events in a Naive Pediatric Population Treated With an (Typical and Atypical) Antipsychotic Drug Over 12 Months Follow-up[NCT02007928]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
[NCT00006195]0 participants InterventionalRecruiting
CSP #451 - The Clinical and Economic Impact of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia[NCT00007774]Phase 4600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-03-31Completed
Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Treated With Olanzapine and Risperidone[NCT00190749]Phase 4130 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-10-31Completed
A Random Assignment,Parallel Group, Open Label Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Resource Utilization Among Bipolar Disorder Patients Receiving Either Long Acting Injectable Risperidone Microspheres (Risperdal Consta® ) or Other Second Generation Oral A[NCT00177164]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Olanzapine Plus Fosaprepitant Standard Antiemetic Therapy in the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving High Emetic Risk Multi-day Chemotherapy: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 3 Stu[NCT04536558]Phase 3352 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Clozapine vs Treatment as Usual for Treatment-resistant Psychosis in Adolescents and Young Adults With Intellectual Disability.[NCT04529226]Phase 2114 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-26Recruiting
The Danish Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Study - a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Multi Center Trial[NCT05895838]Phase 31,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-16Recruiting
Cerebral Mechanism Involved in Appetite Increase in Schizophrenia Patients Treated With Atypical Antipsychotics (IIT)[NCT00290121]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Longitudinal Comparative Effectiveness of Bipolar Disorder Therapies[NCT02893371]1,037,352 participants (Actual)Observational2016-09-30Completed
Olanzapine Augmentation in Clozapine-resistant Schizophrenia: a Randomized Double-blind Study[NCT00918021]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Olanzapine (LY170053) in the Long-term Treatment for Patients With Bipolar I Disorder, Depressed[NCT00618748]Phase 3101 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
A Prospective Randomized Open-label 6-Month Head-To-Head Trial to Compare Metabolic Effects of Paliperidone ER and Olanzapine in Subjects With Schizophrenia[NCT00645099]Phase 3462 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Haloperidol vs Olanzapine for the Management of ICU Delirium: A Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT00833300]200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-06-30Terminated
Influence of Treatment With Olanzapine or Ziprasidone on Transcapillary Glucose Transport in Human Skeletal Muscle[NCT00297960]Phase 40 participants Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Combined Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Newly Admitted Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Who Are Receiving Olanzapine And Matched Controls[NCT00672464]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Withdrawn(stopped due to lack of funding)
A Randomized Trial of Individualised Care Versus Standard Care for Breast Cancer Patients at High Risk for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting. The ILIAD Study[NCT02861859]Phase 3221 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Completed
Whole Blood and Plasma Sample Collection for the Development of Antipsychotic Immunoassays From Participants Taking Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Paliperidone, or Risperidone[NCT02634463]Phase 181 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
The Role of miR-30 Family Dysregulation in Response to Antipsychotic Treatment[NCT02650102]Phase 1/Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-01-31Recruiting
Metabolic Effects of Antipsychotic Substitution in Children[NCT00910780]Phase 2/Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Study was not funded.)
Effects of Integrated Treatment for Chinese Patients With Schizophrenia: 1-year Follow-up[NCT02850445]170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-01-31Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose, Long-Term Extension Trial of the Safety and Maintenance of Effect of Asenapine Using Olanzapine Positive Control in Subjects Who Complete Protocols 041021 or 041022.[NCT00156091]Phase 3260 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
[NCT01389908]2 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Recruiting
Acute Impact of IM Aripiprazole and Olanzapine on Insulin Resistance in High Risk Prediabetics[NCT01411930]Phase 415 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Oral Dose, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Tablets 5 mg With Zyprexa® Tablets 5 mg in Healthy Subjects Under Fed Conditions[NCT01503424]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
The Cognitive Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine[NCT00108368]Phase 40 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Pilot Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Open-Label Olanzapine Monotherapy in Treatment Refractory Bipolar Disorder Mania[NCT00194064]Phase 318 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment)
Treatment of Geriatric Bipolar Mood Disorders: A Pilot Study[NCT00177567]Phase 460 participants Interventional2001-07-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Comparison With Placebo[NCT00088036]Phase 3450 participants Interventional2004-02-29Completed
[NCT00089869]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants InterventionalCompleted
Olanzapine Versus Divalproex and Placebo in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Mania Associated With Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00094549]Phase 4500 participants Interventional2004-10-31Completed
Comparison of Combination Olanzapine and Lithium and Combination Chlorpromazine and Lithium in the Treatment of a First Manic Episode With Psychotic Features.[NCT00202293]Phase 483 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-10-01Completed
Metabolic Effects of Antipsychotics in Children[NCT00205699]Phase 4144 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Fixed-Dose, 6-Week Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Compared With Placebo Using Olanzapine Positive Control in Subjects With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia[NCT00156117]Phase 3417 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-12Completed
The Treatment Efficacy of Combination Atypical Antipsychotics With Sertraline in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT04076371]1,640 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Glucose Regulation During Ziprasidone Treatment[NCT00205725]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-11-30Completed
[NCT00179231]80 participants Interventional2000-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of LY2140023, Olanzapine, and Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00149292]Phase 2195 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-23Completed
A 12-Week, Double-Blind Trial of Olanzapine and Placebo in the Treatment of Trichotillomania[NCT00182507]Phase 434 participants Interventional2000-06-30Completed
An Observational Study of Olanzapine Coated and Orodispersible Tablets Effectiveness in Schizophrenic and Bipolar Outpatients.[NCT00510211]1,131 participants (Actual)Observational2007-04-30Completed
Long-Term Olanzapine Treatment in Children With Autism[NCT00183404]Phase 2/Phase 332 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Neural Correlates of Emotional Processing in Depressed and Remitted Bipolar and Unipolar Depressed Subjects: An fMRI Investigation[NCT00188942]Phase 442 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Bipolar Depression Assessment Study on Tx Response[NCT00191399]Phase 4150 participants Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Double-Blind Long-term Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol in Patients With Schizophrenia Previously Stabilized With Conventional Antipsychotic Treatment[NCT00191555]Phase 4360 participants Interventional2003-08-31Completed
An Evaluation of Divalproex vs. Olanzapine for Alcohol Abuse Relapse Prevention in Patients With Bipolar Disorder[NCT00221481]Phase 40 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn(stopped due to Lack of recruitment)
A Prospective/Parallel Study on Induced Weight Gain During Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment and Its Management With Psychoeducational Programme[NCT00191828]Phase 460 participants Interventional2003-03-31Completed
Phase 1 Study of Insulin Sensitivity, Adjusted β-Cell Function and Adiponectin Among Lean Drug-naïve Schizophrenic Subjects Treated With Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs[NCT00528359]36 participants (Actual)Observational2005-10-31Completed
"Re-examining Maintenance Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia: Extended Antipsychotic Dosing"[NCT04478838]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-06Recruiting
An Open-label, Randomized Trial of Intramuscular (IM) Olanzapine Versus Intramuscular Combination of Haloperidol and Lorazepam in the Treatment of Acute Agitation in Schizophrenia[NCT00797277]Phase 367 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Four Intramuscular Interventions for the Management of Acute Psychomotor Agitation[NCT01485692]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Discontinuation of Antipsychotics and Antidepressants Among Patients With Dementia and BPSD Living in Nursing Homes - an Open Study.[NCT00433121]Phase 424 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
[NCT00438776]Phase 342 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
[NCT00036088]Phase 4530 participants Interventional2001-08-31Completed
Pilot Study of the Efficacy of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Anorexias Nervosa[NCT00592930]Phase 420 participants Interventional2000-06-30Completed
Managing Acute Schizophrenia, a Double Blind Comparison Between Two Atypical Antipsychotics - Olanzapine and Risperidone[NCT00485498]Phase 4122 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-04-30Completed
A Study Examining Clinical Therapeutic Dose of Rapid Acting Intra-Muscular Olanzapine in Japanese Agitated Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00485810]Phase 1/Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
The Assessment of a Weight Management Program for Treatment-Emergent Weight Gain in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, and Schizoaffective Disorder During Olanzapine Therapy[NCT00485823]Phase 448 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
A Double-Blind Randomized Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Intramuscular Olanzapine and Intramuscular Haloperidol in Acutely Agitated Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00485901]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Study in Healthy Subjects to Characterize Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism in Response to Treatment With ALKS 3831 and Olanzapine[NCT02922426]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-30Completed
A Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficiency and Side Effect Between Olanzapine and Long-acting Paliperidone Palmitate Injection in Schizophrenia[NCT02918825]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-01Completed
Metabolic Profile and Anthropometric Changes in Schizophrenia[NCT00534183]2,006 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Olanzapine in Cancer Cachexia-Associated Anorexia: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT05243251]Phase 3164 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-25Recruiting
Severe Aberrant Behavior Among Persons With Mental Retardation. Project III: Behavioral Selectivity of Atypical Neuroleptic Drugs: Effects on Cognitive and Social Behaviors[NCT00065273]Phase 350 participants Interventional1998-07-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Naturalistic, Open-Label Study Between Aripiprazole and Standard of Care in the Management of Community-Treated Schizophrenic Patients (Schizophrenia Trial of Aripiprazole - STAR)[NCT00237913]Phase 3700 participants Interventional2004-07-31Completed
Metabolic Effects of Newer Antipsychotics in Older Patients[NCT00245206]Phase 4406 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Completed
A Multi Centre, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised, Adaptive, Dose-Range Study To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of SB-773812 Administered Once Daily for 12 Weeks in Adults With Schizophrenia[NCT00259870]Phase 2338 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized Study Comparing Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot to Oral Olanzapine and Low-Dose Depot in the Maintenance Therapy of Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00088491]Phase 31,205 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
The Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT00090012]Phase 4340 participants Interventional2004-07-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Flexible Dose Double-Blind Comparison With Placebo[NCT00091650]Phase 3300 participants Interventional2004-03-31Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Study of Risperidone and Olanzapine for the Schizophrenic Patients With Neuroleptic-Induced Acute Dystonia or Parkinsonism[NCT00331825]Phase 470 participants Interventional2000-07-31Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind Study of Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia[NCT00088049]Phase 4560 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Flexible Dose Study To Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Switching From Existing Atypical Antipsychotics to Bifeprunox in Subjects With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT00347425]Phase 3286 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
[NCT00094640]Phase 10 participants InterventionalCompleted
Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00103571]Phase 4600 participants Interventional2004-07-31Completed
A Randomized, 6-week Double-blind, Parallel Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and the Safety of Flexible Doses of Extended Release OROS Paliperidone Compared With Olanzapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00350467]Phase 3288 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Population Pharmacokinetic Study in Adolescent Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder Treated With Olanzapine[NCT00113594]Phase 3100 participants Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Randomized, Controlled ,Clinical Trial of a Herbal Combination of Aqueous Extracts of Bacopa Monnieri and Nardostachys Jatamansi in the Treatment of Schizophrenia, Compared to Standard Anti-Psychotic Drugs[NCT00483964]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Olanzapine Versus Lithium Carbonate in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder, Manic or Mixed Episodes[NCT00485680]Phase 3140 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-31Completed
Olanzapine for Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Children: A Multi-Centre Feasibility Study[NCT02129478]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
ACTO: A Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Olanzapine in the Management of Cancer Cachexia[NCT05705492]Phase 244 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Suspended(stopped due to Pending protocol revisions)
Childhood Onset Psychotic Disorders: Characterization and Treatment With Atypical Neuroleptics[NCT00001656]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-06-30Completed
Tolerability, Safety, And Efficacy Of Ziprasidone (80 - 160 Mg/D) Versus Olanzapine (10 - 20 Mg/D), Risperidone (4 - 8 Mg/D) Or Quetiapine (300 - 750 Mg/D) In Pretreated Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder Or Schizophreniform Disorders -[NCT00159770]Phase 3290 participants Interventional2001-11-30Completed
Optimal Treatment Duration With Olanzapine Following Remission of Manic or Mixed Episode. An Open-Label, Randomized Trial Comparing Two Treatment Strategies.[NCT00191997]Phase 4180 participants Interventional2004-10-31Completed
Olanzapine Plus Carbamazepine Versus Carbamazepine Alone in the Treatment of Manic or Mixed Episodes Associated With Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00190892]Phase 4120 participants Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Effectiveness of Atypical Vs Conventional Antipsychotics[NCT00237861]Phase 40 participants InterventionalCompleted
A Randomized, Open-Label, Single Dose, Cross-over Study of Gastric Emptying Rate: SEP-363856 vs Prior Antipsychotic Standard of Care in Subjects With Schizophrenia[NCT05402111]Phase 131 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-06-13Completed
Efficacy of Olanzapine in Improving Task Engagement in Schizophrenia[NCT00440843]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Withdrawn
"Observational Study on the Effect of Switch to Lurasidone or Other Antipsychothics on Metabolic and Weight Changes in Subjects With Schizophrenia"[NCT04312503]95 participants (Actual)Observational2020-07-13Completed
Phase I Dose-Finding Pilot Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Olanzapine in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Weight Loss[NCT00489593]Phase 157 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination Versus Lamotrigine in the Treatment of Bipolar I Depression[NCT00485771]Phase 4403 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Weight Gain Management in Patients With Schizophrenia During Treatment With Olanzapine in Association With Nizatidine[NCT00486005]Phase 474 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
Study of Subcutaneous Olanzapine for Hyperactive or Mixed Delirium[NCT00512291]25 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
Olanzapine vs Placebo for Outpatients With Anorexia Nervosa[NCT01170117]152 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Early Recognition and Optimal Treatment of Delirium in Patients With Advanced Cancer[NCT01539733]101 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Comparative Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Medications in Patients With Schizophrenia (CATIE Schizophrenia Trial)[NCT00014001]Phase 41,600 participants Interventional2000-12-31Completed
A Controlled Trial of Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Subjects With Comorbid Depression[NCT00034801]Phase 4378 participants Interventional2001-09-30Completed
Treatment and Outcome of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder[NCT00048802]Phase 440 participants Interventional2002-08-31Completed
Olanzapine Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Mania in Adolescents With Bipolar I Disorder[NCT00050206]Phase 4130 participants Interventional2002-11-30Completed
Olanzapine Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Adolescents With Schizophrenia[NCT00051298]Phase 3107 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
Comparative Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Medications in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease (CATIE Alzheimer's Disease Trial)[NCT00015548]450 participants Interventional2001-03-31Completed
The Minimal Effective Dose of Antipsychotic Medication in Older Patients With Schizophrenia: a PET Study.[NCT00716755]45 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
Psychopharmacologic Aspects of Motor Slowing in Schizophrenia[NCT00018668]Phase 40 participants Interventional2000-10-31Completed
A Controlled Study of Olanzapine in Children With Autism[NCT00057408]Phase 278 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-05-31Completed
Efficacy and Tolerability of Olanzapine, Quetiapine and Risperidone in the Treatment of First Episode Psychosis: A Randomized Double Blind 52-Week Comparison[NCT00034892]Phase 30 participants Interventional2002-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Depakote Monotherapy, Olanzapine Monotherapy, and Combination Therapy of Depakote Plus Olanzapine in Stable Subjects During the Maintenance Phase of Bipolar Illness[NCT00071253]Phase 4180 participants Interventional2003-07-31Terminated
Glucose Regulation During Risperidone and Olanzapine Treatment[NCT00205738]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-07-31Completed
Randomized Comparison of Monotherapy (Risperidone, Quetiapine, or Olanzapine) Versus Combination Therapy (Risperidone, Quetiapine, or Olanzapine + Divalproex)in the Management of Dementia With Agitation: A Pilot Comparison of Two Standard Therapies[NCT00208819]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-09-30Completed
A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Depakote ER Plus an Atypical Antipsychotic Vs. an Atypical Antipsychotic Alone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia[NCT00073164]Phase 2400 participants Interventional2003-07-31Completed
A Randomized Double-blind, Parallel Group Study Comparing Olanzapine (Zyprexa) With Haloperidol (Novo-peridol) for the Relief of Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Advanced Cancer[NCT00124930]Phase 380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Study suspended due to low enrollment)
Effect of Lurasidone Vs Olanzapine on Neurotrophic Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Parameters in First Episode Untreated Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Open Label, Active Controlled Study[NCT03304457]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-25Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial Of Ziprasidone (80 - 160 Mg) Versus Olanzapine (10 - 20 Mg) In Patients With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective And Schizophreniform Disorder.[NCT00145444]Phase 3100 participants Interventional2003-03-31Completed
Energy Homeostasis and Metabolism in Patients With Schizophrenic Disorders Under Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics[NCT00148564]Phase 440 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-31Completed
An Open-Label Study of Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT00088465]Phase 3931 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-08-31Completed
Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Weight Gain, Physical Health, and Outcome in a Community Sample of Severity and Persistently Ill Patients[NCT00179062]300 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-29Completed
Treating Refractory Childhood Schizophrenia[NCT00048828]Phase 441 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-10-31Completed
Preventing Relapse: Oral Antipsychotics Compared To Injectables: Evaluating Efficacy (PROACTIVE)[NCT00330863]Phase 4357 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
A Phase 3 Randomized, Placebo-and Active Comparator Controlled, Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of Lurasidone HCl in Acutely Psychotic Patients With Schizophrenia.[NCT00615433]Phase 3478 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Glucose and Lipid Metabolism on Antipsychotic Medication[NCT00515723]96 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-09-30Completed
A Proof of Concept, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled, Study of Zonisamide Sustained Release (SR) 360 mg Versus Placebo in the Prevention of Weight Gain Associated With Olanzapine Therapy for Psychosis[NCT00734435]Phase 226 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor Decision- Financial Considerations)
Acute Impact of Antipsychotics on Insulin Sensitivity: A Novel Human Model[NCT00895921]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Prospective Observational Investigation of Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol Versus Ziprasidone Versus Midazolam for the Treatment of Acute Undifferentiated Agitation in the Emergency Department[NCT03211897]737 participants (Actual)Observational2017-06-15Completed
Atypical Antipsychotic Medication in Anorexia Nervosa[NCT00692185]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Treatment of Refractory Nausea[NCT03367572]Phase 31,600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-04-19Recruiting
Neuroleptic Induced Movement Disorders in Older Patients[NCT00255879]Phase 1250 participants Interventional1999-01-31Completed
A Six-month, Double-blind, Randomized, International, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Glucoregulatory Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine in Subjects With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder[NCT00236379]Phase 459 participants (Actual)InterventionalCompleted
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose, 6-Month Extension Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Asenapine With Olanzapine in Subjects Who Completed Protocol A7501013[NCT00174265]Phase 3196 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Olanzapine-Referenced, Parallel Group Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability Study of SCA-136 in Subjects With Acute Exacerbations of Schizophrenia[NCT00265551]Phase 2300 participants Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Double Blind Placebo Controlled Investigation of Amantadine for Retarding Weight Gain in First Episode Adlt Psychotic Subjects Beginning Therapy With Olanzapine.[NCT00287352]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Independent Investigator Grant Study-Comparative Effects of Chronic Treatment With Olanzapine and Risperidone on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism[NCT00287820]Phase 446 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-02-29Completed
Bergen Psychosis Project 2 - The Bergen-Stavanger-Innsbruck-Trondheim Study[NCT01446328]Phase 4151 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
PREFERENCE: 12-Week Open Label Trial On Olanzapine Orodispersible Tablet Vs. Oral Olanzapine Preference Study[NCT00324051]Phase 4284 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Open, Treatment-switching Study From Orally Administered Antipsychotic Monotherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Patients[NCT00304616]Phase 4500 participants Interventional2004-10-31Completed
The Impact of Pre-operative Olanzapine on Quality of Recovery-40 Scores After Discharge From Ambulatory Surgery[NCT05676294]Phase 2455 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-26Recruiting
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Oral Dose, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Tablets 5 mg With Zyprexa® Tablets 5 mg in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions[NCT01503398]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-sequence, Two-period, Single-dose, Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine 5 mg OD Tablets With Zyprexa Zydis 5 mg Tablets in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions[NCT01503437]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-sequence, Two-period, Single-dose, Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine 5 mg OD Tablets With Zyprexa Zydis 5 mg Tablets in Healthy Subjects Under Fed Conditions[NCT01503450]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Oro-dispersible Olanzapine (Wafer) Versus Conventional Oral Haloperidol or Diazepam Tablets for the Management of Acute Agitation in the Accident and Emergency Department - a Multicentre Randomised Clinical Trial[NCT03246620]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-01Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated prematurely due to difficulties in patient recruitment and associated potential for selection bias.)
[NCT03007303]30 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2016-06-30Recruiting
Interventional, Randomised, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Fixed-dose Study of Lu AF35700 in Patients With Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia[NCT02717195]Phase 31,098 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-30Completed
Randomized Multicentric Open-label Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Continual Treatment Versus Discontinuation Based in the Presence of Prodromes in a First Episode of Non-affective Psychosis.[NCT01765829]Phase 3104 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-11-30Recruiting
A Randomized, Open Label Trial of Olanzapine Versus Lithium in the Treatment of Acute Depression in Patients With Bipolar II or Bipolar Not Otherwise Specified.[NCT02287259]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
Olanzapine Augmentation Therapy in Treatment-resistant Depression: a Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT00273624]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Study withdrawn before inclusion of first participant for administrative reasons)
Correlation Between Cognitive Function and Relapse of Schizophrenia Regarding Dose Reduction in Patients Undergoing High-dose Antipsychotic Therapy[NCT03019887]139 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Adolescent Depression (STAR-AD) a Multicentre Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol[NCT05814640]Phase 1/Phase 2520 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-20Recruiting
A Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in Improving Symptoms and Gastric Motility in Gastroparesis[NCT01625923]3 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Inadequate recruitment numbers)
Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial of Oral Transmucosal Haloperidol and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Terminal Delirium[NCT04750395]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-01Recruiting
Optimal Duration of Olanzapine Add-on Therapy in Major Depression: a Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Phase III, Pilot Study in Parallel Group Design[NCT00568672]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Withdrawn because of personal ressources before inclusion of the first patient)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Fixed-Dose Study of the Effect on Weight of Befeprunox Versus Olanzapine in the Treatment of Outpatients With Schizophrenia.[NCT00380224]Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sublingual Asenapine vs. Olanzapine and Placebo in In-Patients With an Acute Manic Episode Clinical Trial Protocol 7501004 (Secondary Title: ARES)[NCT00159744]Phase 3488 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-11-30Completed
Tocilizumab, Dexamethasone, Olanzapine, Flow-targeted Versus Pressure-targeted Hemodynamic Management, and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in Patients Undergoing On-pump Cardiac Surgery - a Multifactorial Design Randomized Trial[NCT05635227]1,200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-10Recruiting
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Empagliflozin Addition in Modulating Metabolic Disturbances Associated With Olanzapine in Schizophrenia Patients.A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT05669742]Phase 340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-31Not yet recruiting
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Olanzapine Add-on Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Syndromal and Subsyndromal Exacerbations in Bipolar Disorders[NCT00186017]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents[NCT00053703]Phase 4116 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
Prospective Randomised Double Blind Trial of Ketiapine and Olanzapine Comparative Efficacy for Fast Sedation of Severely Agitated Patients in Emergency Psychiatric Ward[NCT03216941]Phase 4500 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-01Completed
Neurocognitive Effects of Ziprasidone: Relationship to Working Memory and Dopamine Blockade[NCT00225498]35 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-06-30Completed
An Open-label, Prospective, Randomized and Comparative Study of Patient Satisfaction Between Continued Administration of Previous Antipsychotics Versus Switched Administration to Paliperidone ER in Non-satisfied Patients With Previous Antipsychotic Drug[NCT01592201]Phase 413 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Terminated(stopped due to This study was early terminated due to insufficient enrollment required for hypothesis testing.)
A Study to Evaluate the Effect of ALKS 3831 Compared to Olanzapine on Body Weight in Young Adults With Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform, or Bipolar I Disorder Who Are Early in Their Illness[NCT03187769]Phase 3426 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-08Completed
A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial to Assess the Benefits of Olanzapine and Amisulpride Combination Treatment in Acutely Ill Schizophrenia Patients. - COMBINE[NCT01609153]Phase 4328 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Fixed-Dose, Long-Term Extension Trial of the Safety of Asenapine Using Olanzapine as an Active Control in Subjects Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Who Completed Protocol P05688[NCT01617200]Phase 3105 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
A Long-Term, Open-Label, Safety Study of Oral Olanzapine in Adolescents With Bipolar I Disorder (Manic or Mixed Episodes) or Schizophrenia[NCT00982020]Phase 4203 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Combined With Antipsychotic Medication for the Treatment of Psychotic Depression[NCT00056472]Phase 3259 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
Developing a Single Patient Open-label Trial Tapering Algorithm for Antipsychotics in Long-Term Care - A Pilot Study[NCT02958800]20 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-12-31Recruiting
A Double-Blind Dose-Response Study Comparing Rapid Acting Intramuscular Olanzapine and Intramuscular Placebo in Agitated Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00316238]Phase 2160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
Neurobiology/Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder[NCT00000373]Phase 474 participants (Actual)Interventional1992-09-30Completed
A Sequential and Parallel Cohort Design to Test the Clinical Utility of Antipsychotic Medication Levels in Plasma as Determined by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry[NCT02462473]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Due to poor enrollment sponsor terminated early after enrolling 9 in Cohort 1 and no enrollment in Cohorts 2 and 3.)
Efficacy and Safety Addition of Low Dose Olanzapine to the Standard Prophylaxis of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Highly-emetogenic Chemotherapy in Children and Adolescents (OZONE-V)[NCT05346731]Phase 3210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-01Recruiting
Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT02116530]Phase 3401 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
Fosaprepitant , Tropisetron and Olanzapine for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracycline/Cyclophosphamide-containing Chemotherapy[NCT05242874]Phase 3403 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-01Recruiting
Quantitative Assessment and Comparison of Metabolic Changes in Non-psychotic Adults Taking the Antipsychotic Medications Fanapt (Iloperidone) or Zyprexa (Olanzapine) or Placebo[NCT01920802]Phase 431 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Completed
[NCT02977741]0 participants (Actual)Observational2016-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Inability to recruit patients)
Melatonin Metabolism Abnormality in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Treated With Olanzapine and Melatonin Dose Finding for the Correction of the Metabolic Abnormality[NCT00512070]20 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-07-31Active, not recruiting
Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine in Healthy Males[NCT01496183]24 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Study to Assess the Short-Term Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine and Fluoxetine Compared to Placebo and Fluoxetine for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Depression[NCT01687478]Phase 3176 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Interim assessment: Lack of efficacy)
Preventing Morbidity in First-Episode Schizophrenia[NCT00000374]Phase 4125 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-09-30Completed
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Amisulpride Vs Olanzapine-Fluoxetine Combination in the Treatment of Post Schizophrenic Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04876521]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-04Recruiting
Efficacy of Hydroxyzine Versus Treatment as Usual for Panic Disorder: An Eight-Week, Open Label, Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial.[NCT05737511]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-30Not yet recruiting
Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients[NCT02374567]Phase 3407 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Terminated
Effect of Ketanserin, Olanzapine, and Lorazepam After LSD Administration on the Acute Response to LSD in Healthy Subjects[NCT05964647]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-01Not yet recruiting
"Olanzapine for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Children and Adolescents Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): An Investigator Initiated, Randomized, Open-label Trial (PRaCTiCE Trial: PRevention of ChemoTherapy Induced Emesis in Children)"[NCT03219710]Phase 3240 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-01Completed
A Phase 2, Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study of ALKS 3831 in Schizophrenia With Alcohol Use Disorder[NCT02161718]Phase 2300 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial of Olanzapine for the Control of Chemotherapy-induced Vomiting in Children Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy[NCT03118986]Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-10Recruiting
A Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter, Safety, Tolerability, and Dose-Ranging Study of Samidorphan, a Component of ALKS 3831, in Adults With Schizophrenia Treated With Olanzapine[NCT01903837]Phase 2347 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
Telmisartan as an Adjunctive Treatment for Metabolic Problems in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00981526]Phase 466 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Olanzapine in the Treatment of Low Weight and Obsessional Thinking Among Those With Anorexia Nervosa: A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study[NCT00260962]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
Olanzapine or Dexamethasone, With 5-HT3 RA and NK-1 RA, to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Cisplatin-Based Doublet Chemotherapy: A Non-inferiority, Prospective, Multi-Centered, Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial[NCT04437017]Phase 3557 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-03Completed
Amisulpride Versus Olanzapine Treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients With Dementia of the Alzheimer Type:A Randomized, Open-label, Prospective Study[NCT04341467]76 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-01Recruiting
Utility of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Opioid Withdrawal in the Emergency Department[NCT02643355]70 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
A Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Tolerability of Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients[NCT03079219]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-23Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study of the Breast Milk Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan in Healthy Lactating Women[NCT05547100]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-09-14Completed
Effectiveness of Switching Antipsychotic Medications[NCT00044655]Phase 4219 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-07-31Completed
An Efficacy Study Comparing Olanzapine and Mirtazapine in the Improvement of Unintentional Weight Loss for Patients With Advanced Stage Cancer[NCT05170919]Phase 2170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-20Enrolling by invitation
Clinical Management of Metabolic Problems in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00423878]Phase 4215 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study Examining the Acute Effects of Olanzapine on Plasma Leptin, Glucose Tolerance and Free Fatty Acids in Healthy Volunteers[NCT00741026]15 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Comparison of Optimal Antipsychotic Treatments for Schizophrenia Pilot Study[NCT00802100]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Improving Metabolic Parameters of Antipsychotic Child Treatment (IMPACT)[NCT00806234]Phase 4127 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Fixed-Dose, 6-Week Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine Compared With Placebo Using Olanzapine as an Active Control in Subjects With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia[NCT01617187]Phase 3360 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-04Completed
Sustaining Remission of Psychotic Depression[NCT01427608]Phase 4269 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Trial of Olanzapine Versus Megestrol Acetate for Cancer-Associated Anorexia[NCT04939090]Phase 3360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-15Recruiting
Estimating the Optimal Dynamic Antipsychotic Treatment Regime: Sequential Multiple-assignment Randomized Clinical Antipsychotic Trials in Chinese Patients With First-episode Psychosis.[NCT03510325]Phase 41,260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-01Not yet recruiting
A Double-Blind, 40-Week Continuation Study Evaluating the Safety of Asenapine and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Subjects With Acute Mania Clinical Trial Protocol A7501007 (Secondary Title: ARES)[NCT00159783]Phase 3218 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Olanzapine and 5-HT3 With or Without Dexamethasone to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Chemotherapy：:A Non-inferiority, Prospective, Multi-Centered, Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial[NCT05805800]Phase 3238 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-15Recruiting
A Comparative, Open-label, Randomized, Two-period Bioequivalence Study of Olanzapine Film-coated Tablets 5 mg (JSC Farmak, Ukraine) vs Zyprexa® Coated Tablets 5 mg (Eli Lilly, Nederland B V) in Healthy Subjects Under Fasted Conditions.[NCT05123976]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-21Completed
NMDA Antagonists in Bipolar Depression[NCT01833897]Phase 48 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
A Pilot Study Comparing Olanzapine and Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy[NCT02097823]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
Psychopharmacological Treatment of Emotional Distress: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT06133114]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-31Not yet recruiting
A Phase III Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over Study to Evaluate Olanzapine Combined With Fosaprepitant, Ondansetron, and Dexamethasone for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Testicular Cancer Receiving 5-day Cisplatin C[NCT05244577]Phase 375 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-18Recruiting
Akynzeo or Olanzapine for Patients Who Experience Breakthrough CINV in Patient Receiving Moderately or Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy After First Cycle of Chemotherapy[NCT06065722]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-09Recruiting
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Zonisamide to Prevent Olanzapine-Associated Weight Gain[NCT00363376]Phase 342 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Aprepitant ,Olanzapine,Palonosetron and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting---A Randomized Single Center Phase III Trial[NCT02484911]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in the Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Anxiety
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-24
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Mania
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Depression
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in Extrapyramidal Movements as Measured by the Simpson Angus Scale Score
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in Extrapyramidal Movements as Measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS)
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in Weight
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in the Clinical Global Impression Severity of Symptoms Scale
NCT00001656 (12) [back to overview]Change in the Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Psychosis
NCT00044655 (1) [back to overview]Number Who Discontinued Medication Within First 6 Study Months
NCT00053703 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight at Week 8
NCT00053703 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Barnes Akathisia Scale at Week 8
NCT00053703 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index Change, kg/m2, at Week 8
NCT00053703 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Symptom Subscale at Week 8
NCT00053703 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Symptom Subscale Score at 8 Weeks.
NCT00053703 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at 8 Weeks
NCT00056472 (3) [back to overview]Scores on CGI-S Compared to Baseline Over the Course of the Trial
NCT00056472 (3) [back to overview]Mean Score Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) Over the Course of the Trial From Week to Week.
NCT00056472 (3) [back to overview]Remission of Depression Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D) and Psychosis Schedule for Affective Disorders in Schizophrenia - Delusional Item (SADS) During the Course of the Trial
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Having Normal Fasting Baseline Glucose Value With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Glucose at Any Time Post Baseline
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Weight Gain at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Scores at Month 72 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Psychiatric Visits
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS General Psychopathology Subscales at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal High Prolactin at Any Time Post Baseline
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction With Medication Questionnaire-Modified (PSMQ) at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal High Alanine Transaminase (ALT), High Aspartate Transaminase (AST), High Total Bilirubin at Any Time Post Baseline
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Extrapyramidal Symptoms at Any Time
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE)
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Having Normal Fasting Baseline Lipid Value With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Lipid at Any Time Post Baseline
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Scores at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Plasma Olanzapine Concentrations in Participants During Long-Term Treatment by Year
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Scores at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Days of Hospitalization
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Scores at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00088465 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment-Short Form (SWN-S) at Month 76 Endpoint
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Switched to Symptomatic Depression
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 3 Week and 6 Week Endpoints in the Positive Subscore of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 3 Week Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 3 Week and 6 Week Endpoints in Clinical Global Impression - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) Mania Subscale
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Remission Rate of Bipolar Disorder (Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol)
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 6 Week Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 6 Week Endpoint in Clinical Global Impressions - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP), Overall Severity of Illness
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Response Rate of Manic Symptoms at 3 Weeks and 6 Weeks
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Remission Rate of Manic Symptoms at 3 Weeks and 6 Weeks
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Switched to Syndromic Depression
NCT00129220 (11) [back to overview]Maximum Change From Baseline During 6-Week Period in Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) Total Score
NCT00145496 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Measured by the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA) Scale Total Score
NCT00145496 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measured by the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score
NCT00145496 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Concomitant Medications
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Extrapyramidal Symptoms [EPS]
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Sign Changes
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Physical Examination Findings
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Laboratory Values Outside Normal Range
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Body Weight
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Abdominal Girth
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Participants Who Experienced Adverse Event(s)
NCT00159783 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiogram
NCT00174265 (2) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Measured by the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA) Scale Total Score
NCT00174265 (2) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measured by the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score
NCT00177164 (4) [back to overview]BMI
NCT00177164 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Hyperlipidemia
NCT00177164 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment - Emergent Hyperglycemia
NCT00177164 (4) [back to overview]Evaluate the Number of Clinical Events (Pooled) Occurring Between 3-15 Months Following a Switch/Stabilization of the Antipsychotic Agents Among Patients Who Receive Either Risperidal Consta or One of the 4 Marketed 2nd Generation Antipsychotic Agents.
NCT00183625 (2) [back to overview]Total Weeks Worked
NCT00183625 (2) [back to overview]Body Mass Index
NCT00186017 (4) [back to overview]Mean Change in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales (HAM-A)
NCT00186017 (4) [back to overview]Mean Change in MADRS After 1 Week of Treatment.
NCT00186017 (4) [back to overview]Mean Change in CGI-BP-OS After 1 Week of Treatment
NCT00186017 (4) [back to overview]Mean Change in YMRS After 1 Week of Treatment
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Scores.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Scores.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlation Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Barnes Akathisia Scale Scores.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Visceral Fat Area.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Scores
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Eating Behavior Assessment Scale Scores.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change in Baseline to Last Observation In Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase Using Change in Weight as a Covariate
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Weight
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Waist Circumference
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Visceral Fat Area
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in the Ratio of the Visceral Fat Area to the Subcutaneous Fat Area
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Subcutaneous Fat Area
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Simpson Angus Scale Scores
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Triglycerides
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Total Cholesterol
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Lipoprotein Subclasses
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Direct Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Eating Behavior Assessment Scale Scores
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness Scores
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) Scores
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Weight.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Waist Circumference.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in the Simpson Angus Scale Scores.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Subcutaneous Fat Area.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Ratio of Visceral Fat Area to the Subcutaneous Fat Area.
NCT00190749 (30) [back to overview]Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness Scale Scores.
NCT00203307 (1) [back to overview]Difference in Migraine Headache Periods During the Active Treatment Period as Compared to the Placebo Treatment Period, Per Subject.
NCT00205699 (6) [back to overview]Change in DEXA % Body Fat
NCT00205699 (6) [back to overview]Change in Insulin-stimulated Glucose Rate of Appearance (Glucose Ra)
NCT00205699 (6) [back to overview]Change in Insulin-stimulated Glucose Rate of Disappearance (Glucose Rd)
NCT00205699 (6) [back to overview]Change in Insulin-stimulated Glycerol Rate of Appearance (Glycerol Ra)
NCT00205699 (6) [back to overview]Change in MRI-measured Visceral Abdominal Fat
NCT00205699 (6) [back to overview]Change in MRI-measured Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat
NCT00225498 (1) [back to overview]Working Memory
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Baseline MATHYS Assessment - Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Transformation Matrix
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in HAMA Total Scores - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) Total Score
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Increases and Decreases in Fasting Glucose Levels
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Increases and Decreases in Lipid Levels
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Glycaemia Levels (Glucose Fasting Levels)
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Hamilton 17-Items Depression Scale (HAMD-17) Total Score
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Changes From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Multidimensional Assessment of THYmic States Scale (MATHYS) Total Score
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in HAMD-17 Total Scores - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Lipids
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in YMRS Total Scores - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Weight Gain Compared to Baseline
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Wellness Interventional Program for Weight Gain Management in Patients (for Those Who Gain at Anytime More Than 7% of Body Weight, Compared to Baseline)
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]MATHYS Total Score at Baseline - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment
NCT00259272 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Weight
NCT00260962 (2) [back to overview]Obsessions
NCT00260962 (2) [back to overview]Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m^2)
NCT00265343 (2) [back to overview]Long-term Change in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Measured by the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA) Scale
NCT00265343 (2) [back to overview]Change in Quality of Life Measured by Quality of Life Scale (QLS)
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Response of Manic Symptoms - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Dyskenisia Based on DIEPSS Scores
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Dystonia Based on DIEPSS Scores
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Parkinsonism Based on DIEPSS Scores
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Clinical Global Impressions - Bipolar Version, Severity of Illness (CGI-BP) Overall, Visit Data
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Abnormal, High, or Low Laboratory Values
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint on the YMRS Total Score - Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer Only
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Positive Scores - Visit Data
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in Vital Signs and Weight
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in Laboratory Analytes
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Maximum Change From Baseline to Endpoint on the Drug Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) - Total Score
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Relapse of Depressive Symptoms
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in Electrocardiograms - High Fridericia Corrected QT Interval (QTcF)
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Switched to Syndromic Depression
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Switch to Symptomatic Depression as Measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale - 17 Item Version (HAMD-17)
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Scores - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Akathisia Based on DIEPSS Scores
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Relapse of Manic Symptoms - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Remission of Mania - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only
NCT00266630 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Remission of Bipolar Disorder
NCT00275301 (1) [back to overview]Change in Brain Metabolism From Baseline to Eight Weeks as Seen in PET Scan
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Scale
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants Discontinuing the Trial by Visit (Week)
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants Meeting a Definition for the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome as Defined by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) Criteria at Baseline and 16 Week Endpoint
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving at Least 5% Loss of Body Weight in Any Post-Baseline Period
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Time Course of Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Blood Pressure
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Fasting Plasma Glucose
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipoproteins (Total Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDL-Cholesterol], Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-Cholesterol] [Calculated], and Triglycerides)
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Changes From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint Homeostasis Model Assessments of Insulin Sensitivity HOMA-S (Calculated)
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Waist Circumference
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Subjective Appetite Using a Visual Analog Scale
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Weight
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index (BMI) for the Treatment Completers
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Fasting Serum Insulin
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptics (SWN) Scale
NCT00303602 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Scale Scores at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Median Time to Discontinuation for Any Reason (Excluding Sponsor Decision)
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Median Time to Relapse
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Resource Utilization: Days of Unpaid Care, Days of Workdays Missed, Days of Paid Care Per Week During the Study
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), and Total Bilirubin
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Participants With Normal to High Fasting Glucose, Fasting Total Cholesterol, and Fasting Triglycerides
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) Total Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Schizophrenia Objective Functioning Instrument (SOFI) Global Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) Total Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Overall Health Status Assessment Using the EuroQol: 5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D) at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction With Medication Questionnaire-Modified (PSMQ) at 104 Weeks (All Items)
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total and Subscale Scores at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Total Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Heinrich-Carpenter Quality of Life in Schizophrenia Scale (QLS) Total Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) Total Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at 104 Weeks, All Domains and Summary Scores
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Resource Utilization: Number of Outpatient Surgeries During the Study, 24 Months After Randomization
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Resource Utilization: Number of Outpatient Physician Visits During the Study
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Patient Attitude Toward Treatment Using the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) Scale Total Score at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal High Prolactin at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Weight Gain at 104 Weeks
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Participants Discontinuing Because of an Adverse Event (AE) or Death
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With All-Cause Discontinuations (Excluding Sponsor Decision)
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Relapse
NCT00320489 (26) [back to overview]Number of Hospitalization Days
NCT00330863 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients Discontinuing From the Study
NCT00330863 (3) [back to overview]Substantial Clinical Deterioration Measured by Psychotic Symptoms
NCT00330863 (3) [back to overview]Side Effects and Metabolic Measures
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Mean Arterial Pressure
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Body Weight
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Sitting Pulse Rate
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Extrapyramidal Symptoms as Measured by the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale - Total Score
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Extrapyramidal Symptoms as Measured by the Modified Simpson-Angus Scale
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Pulse Rate
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Changes From Study Period II Baseline (Week 0) to Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score in Early Onset Response and Not Early Onset Response-Risperidone Patients
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Changes From Study Period III Baseline (Week 2) to Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Total Score in Not Early Onset Response-Risperidone and Not Early Onset Response-Olanzapine Patients
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Early Onset and Not Early Onset-Risperidone Groups Who Show a 50% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Baseline or Meet 'a Priori' Specified Criteria for Remission
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Not Early Onset-Risperidone and Not Early Onset-Olanzapine Groups Who Show a 50% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Total Score From Baseline or Meet 'a Priori' Specified Criteria for Remission
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Psychiatric Hospitalizations in the Early Onset and Not Early Onset-Risperidone Groups
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Extrapyramidal Symptoms as Measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)- Non-Global Total Score
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal Fasting Laboratory Analytes Reported in >=2% of All Participants
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]The Number of Participants in the Early Onset (EO) and Not Early Onset-Risperidone (NEO-RIS) Groups Who Show a 20% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score
NCT00337662 (18) [back to overview]The Number of Participants in the Not Early Onset-Risperidone (NEO-RIS) and Not Early Onset-Olanzapine (NEO-OLZ) Groups Who Show a 20% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score
NCT00338949 (2) [back to overview]Change in Visceral Fat Mass From Baseline to Week 26
NCT00338949 (2) [back to overview]Change in Insulin Sensitivity Index From Baseline to Week 26 ((1/mU/L) x 1/Min)
NCT00349973 (3) [back to overview]Change in Positive Symptoms by Treatment Assignment
NCT00349973 (3) [back to overview]The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)
NCT00349973 (3) [back to overview]Change in Negative Symptoms by Treatment Assignment
NCT00384332 (2) [back to overview]Weight in Kilograms at Baseline, Weeks 1, 4, 6, and 8
NCT00384332 (2) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Change From Double-blind Baseline to Endpoint in Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Change From Double-blind Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Time to Early Study Discontinuation for Any Reason
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of a Mood Episode (Exploratory/Olanzapine)
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of an Elevated Mood (Hypomanic, Manic, or Mixed) Episode
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of a Mood Episode (Risperidone LAI Versus Placebo)
NCT00391222 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of a Depressive Episode
NCT00396565 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).
NCT00396565 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S)
NCT00396565 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - General Psychopathology Subscale Score
NCT00396565 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score
NCT00396565 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score
NCT00396565 (6) [back to overview]Proportion of Responders (≥30% Decrease in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS])
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Triglycerides
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Weight
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Total Score
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Clinical Global Impression - Severity Scale (CGI-S)
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Correlations Between Weight Changes and Changes in Eating Inventory (EI) and Food Craving Inventory (FCI) at 2 Weeks and 22 Weeks
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Glucose
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
NCT00401973 (11) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Total Cholesterol
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Mean Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 (HAMD) Scores From Baseline to Endpoint.
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Mean Change in Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Illness Severity (CGI-BP) From Baseline to Endpoint
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Vital Signs - Percentage of Participants With Baseline-to-Endpoint Weight Increase of at Least Seven Percent (7%)
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Vital Signs - Body Mass Index Change From Baseline
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Vital Signs - Weight Change From Baseline
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Bilirubin Total Change From Baseline
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Fasting Triglycerides Change From Baseline
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Fasting Cholesterol Change From Baseline
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Fasting Blood Glucose Change From Baseline
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Number of Patients Hospitalized Due to Relapse of Mania or Depression.
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants Meeting the Criteria for Mixed Response
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants Meeting the Criteria for Mixed Onset of Action
NCT00402324 (13) [back to overview]Mean Change in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Scores From Baseline to Endpoint.
NCT00423878 (2) [back to overview]Change in Non-HDL Cholesterol Level for Patients Assigned to Stay and Patients Assigned to Switch Over 24 Weeks
NCT00423878 (2) [back to overview]Efficacy Failure, Defined as Psychiatric Hospitalization, a 25 Percent Increase From Baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Substantial Clinical Deterioration on the Clinical Global Impressions-Change (CGI-C)
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]Triglycerides
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]Body Mass Index
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]Cholesterol Total
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]LDL
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]Fasting Glucose
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]HDL
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]Hemoglobin A1c
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]IL-6
NCT00446992 (9) [back to overview]Fasting Insulin
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Clinical Global Impression - Bipolar Disorder - Severity of Illness (CGI-BP-S): Change From Baseline
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): Change From Baseline
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms Associated With Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): Change From Baseline
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of Manic Symptoms Associated With Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00490971 (7) [back to overview]Time to Recurrence of Any Mood Symptoms (Manic or Depressive) Associated With Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00508157 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Remaining on Metabolic Syndrome at Week 16
NCT00508157 (2) [back to overview]Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Fasting Non-high Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol at Week 16
NCT00509067 (3) [back to overview]Clinical Global Impression
NCT00509067 (3) [back to overview]MATRICS Verbal Learning and Memory
NCT00509067 (3) [back to overview]Negative Symptoms Measured on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Psychotic Disorders and Mood Disorders With Psychotic Features at Endpoint on MINI Psychotic Disorders Module (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) At Endpoint As Measured by Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) at Endpoint As Measured by Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Major Depressive Episode at Endpoint on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Depressive Episode Module (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Non-Alcohol Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder at Endpoint on MINI Substance Dependence/Abuse Module (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With High Suicidality at Endpoint (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Current Hypomanic Episode at Endpoint on MINI Manic Episode Module (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Emergence of Mania During the Study (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Emergence of Mania During the Study (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recovery (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recovery (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Remission At Any Time (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Remission in the MADRS Total Score (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Response at Endpoint (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Response in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating (MADRS) Depression Rating (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Alanine Amino Transferase/Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Aminotransferase/Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (AST/SGOT), Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Albumin (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Albumin and Total Protein (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Alkaline Phosphatase, Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK), GGT (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Blood Pressure (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Blood Pressure (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Chloride (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Clinical Global Improvement- Bipolar (CGI-BP) Severity of Illness Scores-Mania, Depression, Overall Bipolar Illness Scores (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Creatinine (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Direct Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin, Uric Acid (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in ECG (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Erythrocyte Count (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Erythrocyte Count (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Glucose and Lipids (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Glucose and Lipids (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol) (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) Total Score (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Heart Rate (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Heart Rate (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hematocrit (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in MINI Suicidality Total Scores (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Platelet Count (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Prolactin (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Prolactin (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Uric Acid (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Urinalysis (UA)- Specific Gravity (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Weight (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Weight (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Change in Electrocardiogram (ECG) From Baseline to Endpoint (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (Acute Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (Open-Label Phase)
NCT00510146 (52) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Alcohol Dependence and Abuse at Endpoint on MINI Alcohol Dependence/Abuse Module (Acute Phase)
NCT00515723 (2) [back to overview]DEXA Total Fat
NCT00515723 (2) [back to overview]Clamp Derived Insulin Sensitivity (mg/kg/Min)
NCT00615433 (2) [back to overview]Change in Total PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)Score From Baseline to the End of the Double Blind Treatment Period.
NCT00615433 (2) [back to overview]CGI-S (Clinical Global Impression - Severity) Change From Baseline to the End of the Double-blind Treatment.
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Prolactin at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose and Lipid Panel at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to in QTcF at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events Leading to Discontinuation
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Emergence of Mania at Week 24 or Week 48
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With High Suicidality at Week 24 or Week 48
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) at Week 24 or Week 48
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Improvement- Bipolar (CGI-BP) at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00618748 (12) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint
NCT00640510 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Scores of 4 to 7 in the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) at Each Timepoint
NCT00640510 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Each Timepoint in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC)
NCT00640510 (4) [back to overview]Number of Responders at 2 Hours After First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00640510 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to 2 Hours Post the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC)
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at End Point in Body Weight
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at End Point in Waist Circumference
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at End Point of Mari-Type Analysis of Glucose Sensitivity for Insulin
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at End Point of the Insulinogenic Index
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Converted Insulin
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Fasting Glucose
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in High Density Lipoprotein
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Homeastatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell Function (HOMA-%B)
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Friedwald QT)
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in the Triglycerides (TG) to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Ratio (TG:HDL Ratio)
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Total Cholesterol
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Score (PANSS)
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to End Point in Triglycerides
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Number of Patients First Meeting the NCEP/ATP III Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome During Follow-up
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Number of Patients Meeting the Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During Follow-up
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Onset of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
NCT00645099 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline at End Point in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00685334 (2) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight (Lbs.) at 12 Weeks
NCT00685334 (2) [back to overview]Tolerability
NCT00686998 (1) [back to overview]Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score Change From Baseline
NCT00692185 (2) [back to overview]Symptom Severity Assessed by Yale Brown Cornell-Eating Disorders Scale
NCT00692185 (2) [back to overview]Weight Gain
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Plasma Leptin
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Plasma Free Fatty Acid
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Oral Glucose Tolerance
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]LDL Cholesterol
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Heart Rate
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Body Weight
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]BMI
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]HDL Cholesterol
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Triglycerides
NCT00741026 (12) [back to overview]Total Cholesterol
NCT00746785 (1) [back to overview]Drinks Per Drinking Day
NCT00797277 (2) [back to overview]Change of the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) Score From Baseline to 120 Minutes After 1st Injection
NCT00797277 (2) [back to overview]The Change of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Score From Baseline to 120 Minutes After First Injection
NCT00802100 (2) [back to overview]Feasibility of Randomizing a Cohort of Participants Meeting the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of the Study
NCT00802100 (2) [back to overview]Antipsychotic Efficacy, Defined as Completion of the Trial Without Psychiatric Hospitalization, Clinician Decision to Discontinue Treatment, or Patient Decision to Discontinue Treatment
NCT00806234 (4) [back to overview]Triglyceride Levels
NCT00806234 (4) [back to overview]Change in Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index
NCT00806234 (4) [back to overview]Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score Change
NCT00806234 (4) [back to overview]Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Level
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-S) at Week 4
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Subscale at Week 4
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at Week 4
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Response at Week 4
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event
NCT00827918 (7) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Subscale at Week 4
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the YMRS Total Score at Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KINDL) Parent Scale Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KINDL) Kid and Kiddo Combined Scale Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Clinical Global Impression Scale - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) Score at Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R) Total Score at Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Prolactin Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram (ECG) QTcF Interval Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase/Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the CDRS-R Total Score Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Suicidal Ideation or Behavior Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants in Each Improvement Category Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Metabolic Parameters Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Response Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Remission Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Incident of Parkinsonism Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Incident of Dyskinesia Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Incident of Akathisia Up to Week 8
NCT00844857 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Incident of Worsening of Mania Up to Week 8
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 16-Item Negative Symptoms Assessment (NSA-16) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) Global Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S) at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Overall Composite T-Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Number of Psychiatric Visits at 24 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance (PSP) at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment-Short Form (SWN-S) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Response (Rate of Response) at 6 and 24 Weeks Endpoints
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Change in Neurological Examination
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Suicidal Behaviors and Ideations Baseline Through 52 Weeks
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinical Significant Change in Lipids Level
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Maximum Post-Baseline Grading in Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in EuroQoL Questionnaire-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Blood Pressure (BP) at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Time to Discontinuation Due to Adverse Event (AE)
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Remission (Rate of Remission) at Week 24 Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse (Rate of Relapse)
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in QT Intervals Electrocardiograms (ECGs)
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Potentially Clinical Significant Change in Fasting Glucose Level
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00845026 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in University of California-San Diego (UCSD) Performance-Based Skills Assessment-B (UPSA-B) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint
NCT00895921 (3) [back to overview]Change in Glucose Disposition
NCT00895921 (3) [back to overview]Change in Percent of Insulin Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production
NCT00895921 (3) [back to overview]Akathisia
NCT00910988 (4) [back to overview]Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity
NCT00910988 (4) [back to overview]Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity
NCT00910988 (4) [back to overview]Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity
NCT00910988 (4) [back to overview]Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Glucose
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Suicide-Related Thoughts and Behaviors
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Percentage of Subjects Not Relapsing at Week 27 (Day 189)
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Time to Relapse by Any Criteria
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Time to Relapse Based on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Score With Concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression Score
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Time to Relapse as Measured by Hospitalization for Depression or Suicidality
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Time to Relapse as Measured by Discontinuation Due to Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of Depression/Suicidality
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Resource Utilization - Average Number of Hours Worked for Pay Per Week at Week 47
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Dyskinesia
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Relapse by Any Criteria
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Relapse Based on Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Score With Concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression Score
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Relapse as Measured by Hospitalization for Depression or Suicidality
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Relapse as Measured by Discontinuation Due to Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of Depression/Suicidality
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Responding to Treatment During Open-Label Acute Treatment Phase
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Remission at Any Point During Stabilization Treatment Phase
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Week 20-to-Week 47 Endpoint Increase in Weight of at Least 7%
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Parkinsonism
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Low Fasting High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Hepatic Events
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Corrected (for Rate) Cardiac QT Interval Using Fridericia's Formula (QTcF) on Electrocardiogram ≥500 Milliseconds (Msec)
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Akathisia
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With a 60 Milliseconds (Msec) Increase in Fridericia-Corrected (for Rate) Cardiac QT Interval (QTcF) on Electrocardiogram
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Maintaining Remission
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Change From Week 20 to Week 47 Endpoint in the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Clinical Global Impressions - Severity (CGI-S) of Depression Using Mixed-Effects Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) Analysis
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Maintaining Response at Any Point During Stabilization Treatment Phase
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Resource Utilization (Number of Psychiatric Visits, Number of Emergency Room or Equivalent Facility Visits for Psychiatric Illness)
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Triglycerides
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Total Cholesterol
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Glucose
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change in Corrected (for Rate) Cardiac QT Interval Using Fridericia's Formula (QTcF) on Electrocardiogram
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Weight
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Using Mixed-Effects Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) Analysis
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Using Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) Analysis
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Triglycerides
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Total Cholesterol
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
NCT00958568 (39) [back to overview]Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
NCT00970281 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Extrapyramidal Symptoms Based on the Drug Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) Score up to 24 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00970281 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Scores of 4 to 7 in the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) Score up to 24 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00970281 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Total Score up to 24 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00970281 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With 40% or Greater Percent Decrease in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Total Score up to 2 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00970281 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS-EC Total Score up to 90 Minutes After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00970281 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Total Score up to 2 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Body Composition: Percent Total Body Fat
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Body Composition: Waist to Hip Ratio
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Insulin Resistance
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Triglycerides
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Lipid Metabolism - LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol
NCT00981526 (6) [back to overview]Psychopathology - PANSS Total, PANSS - Negative Score, PANNS - Positive Score and SANS - Total Scores.
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Anchored Version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C) for Participants With Schizophrenia
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Body Mass Index (BMI) for All Participants
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) at 52 Weeks for All Participants
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Body Mass Index (BMI) for Participants With Duration of Treatment of at Least 6 Months
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Waist Circumference for All Participants
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Adolescent Structured Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for Participants With Bipolar I Disorder
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) for All Participants
NCT00982020 (8) [back to overview]Time to Event for 7%, 15%, and 25% Weight Gain for All Participants
NCT01157351 (6) [back to overview]Time to First Psychiatric Hospitalization
NCT01157351 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score During Overall Treatment Duration
NCT01157351 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) Score During Overall Treatment Duration
NCT01157351 (6) [back to overview]Time to First Psychiatric Hospitalization or Arrest/Incarceration
NCT01157351 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants in Each Event Category of First Treatment Failure
NCT01157351 (6) [back to overview]Time to First Treatment Failure
NCT01170117 (2) [back to overview]Rate of Weight Change
NCT01170117 (2) [back to overview]Psychological Change
NCT01427608 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Metabolic Measure: Cholesterol
NCT01427608 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Metabolic Measures: Triglycerides
NCT01427608 (4) [back to overview]Changes in Metabolic Measures: Weight
NCT01427608 (4) [back to overview]Number of Subjects at Risk of Relapse During the Randomized Phase.
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Physical Activity as Measured Using a Physical Activity Monitor
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Leptin
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Resting Metabolic Rate
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Total Cholesterol
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Triglycerides
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]HDL
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Laboratory Breakfast Intake
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]LDL
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Weight
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 24-Hour Dietary Recall
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Composition
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glucose
NCT01496183 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Hostility/Excitement Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Negative Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Positive Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Subscale Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Subscale Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Total Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Are Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement (CGI-I) Responders at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Are PANSS Responders (≥30% Reduction From Baseline in PANSS Total Score) at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Day 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CGI-S Score at Day 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Total Score at Day 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Are PANSS Responders (≥30% Reduction From Baseline in PANSS Total Score) at Day 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CGI-S Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Anxiety/Depression Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01617187 (16) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Disorganized Thought Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42
NCT01625923 (5) [back to overview]Change in Mean Gastric Emptying Time
NCT01625923 (5) [back to overview]Change in Mean Serum Glucose
NCT01625923 (5) [back to overview]Change in Mean Ghrelin Levels Over Time
NCT01625923 (5) [back to overview]Change in Mean BMI
NCT01625923 (5) [back to overview]Mean GCSI-DD Before/After Treatment With Olanzapine
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS)
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Response Based on a ≥50% Reduction From Baseline in MADRS Total Score
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieve Remission Based on MADRS Total Score ≤10 at 8 Weeks
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36)
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS)
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Depression (CGI-S) Scale
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in Montgomery-Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
NCT01687478 (9) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)
NCT01833897 (5) [back to overview]Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)
NCT01833897 (5) [back to overview]Beck's Depression Inventory
NCT01833897 (5) [back to overview]Hamilton Anxiety Scale
NCT01833897 (5) [back to overview]HAM-D Suicide Item
NCT01833897 (5) [back to overview]Loss of Motivated Behavior HAM-D Factor
NCT01903837 (5) [back to overview]Change in Clinical Global Impressions - Severity (CGI-S) From Baseline to Day 92
NCT01903837 (5) [back to overview]Absolute Change in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Score
NCT01903837 (5) [back to overview]Absolute Change in Body Weight (kg) From Baseline to Day 92
NCT01903837 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Exhibiting Significant Weight Gain at Day 92
NCT01903837 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change in Body Weight (Kilogram) From Baseline to Day 92
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change in Adiposity
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change in Food Intake
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change in Insulin
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change in Lipid Metabolism
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Insulin Resistance
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change Glucose in People Taking Olanzapine or Iloperidone
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change in Leptin
NCT01920802 (8) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT02097823 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events.
NCT02097823 (6) [back to overview]Feasibility of Recruitment and Data Collection.
NCT02097823 (6) [back to overview]Complete Response in Overall Phase
NCT02097823 (6) [back to overview]Complete Response in Delayed Phase
NCT02097823 (6) [back to overview]Complete Response in Acute Phase
NCT02097823 (6) [back to overview]Good Control of Nausea
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Mean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Median Nausea Scores
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Complete Response
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With no Nausea
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Frequency of Rescue Medication
NCT02129478 (3) [back to overview]Patient Outcomes
NCT02129478 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT02129478 (3) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Complete CINV Control
NCT02161718 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Independent Adjudication Committee (IAC) Adjudicated Event of Exacerbation of Disease (EEDS)
NCT02161718 (2) [back to overview]Number of Events of Exacerbation of Disease (EEDS)
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Psychotic Symptoms, as Measured by CRDPSS
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Adjusted Intracortical Myelin (ICM) Fraction Score as Measured by Inversion Recovery (IR) and Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Attention/Vigilance Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Cognition as Measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Composite Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Functioning as Measured by the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) Total Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Reasoning and Problem Solving: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Social Cognition Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Speed of Processing Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Verbal Learning Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Visual Learning Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Reasoning and Problem Solving: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Social Cognition Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Speed of Processing Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Working Memory Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (Disease Modification): Change From Baseline in Adjusted Intracortical Myelin Fraction Score as Measured by Inversion Recovery (IR) and Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SE MRI)
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (Disease Modification): Change From Baseline in Cognition as Measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Composite Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (Disease Modification): Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Observed Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Adjusted Intracortical Myelin Fraction Score as Measured by Inversion Recovery (IR) and Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Visual Learning Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Functioning as Measured by the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Attention/Vigilance Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Working Memory Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Time to First Treatment Failure
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (Extended Disease Progression [EDP]): Change From Baseline in Cognition as Measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Composite Score
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part-2 (Disease Progression): Time to First Treatment Failure
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 2 (Disease Progression): Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Psychotic Symptoms, as Measured by Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity Scale (CRDPSS)
NCT02431702 (31) [back to overview]Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Verbal Learning Score: MCCB Domain
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction Survey (PSS) Total Score at Week 0 and 12
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Adherence to Antipsychotic Medication as Assessed by Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS) at Week 0 and 12
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Antipsychotic Medication Plasma Levels (AMPL) During the Active Assessment Phase at Week 12
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score at Week 0 and 12
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Clinician's Rating Scale of Adherence (CRS) Score at Week 0 and 12
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Medication Treatment Modifications (MTM)
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Factors Considered in Clinical Decision as Assessed by Clinical Assessment of the Schizophrenia Patient (CASP)
NCT02462473 (8) [back to overview]Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity Scale (DPSS) Total Score at Week 0 and 12
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With Complete Response in Overall Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With Complete Response in the Acute Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With Complete Response in the Delayed Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With No Vomiting in the Acute Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With No Vomiting in the Delayed Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With No Vomiting in the Overall Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With Complete Response in Overall Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With Complete Response in the Acute Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With Complete Response in the Delayed Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With No Vomiting in the Acute Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With No Vomiting in the Delayed Phase
NCT02484911 (12) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With No Vomiting in the Overall Phase
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Surface Area of the Frontal, Parietal and Temporal Regions
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in LUNSERS (Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale) Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Hip Circumference
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Fractional Anisotropy (FA) Measured by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in fMRI Resting State Functional Connectivity
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Body Weight
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Total Caloric Intake
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in the Symptoms Checklist - 90 - Revised Global Severity Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in the Prodromal Questionnaire, Brief Version Total Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Serum Insulin Levels
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Prolactin Levels
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB) Total Composite Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Brain Phosphocreatine (PCr)
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol Level
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in GABA Concentration
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Glutamate Metabolite Concentration
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales - Short Form Scores
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Hemoglobin A1c Level
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Waist Circumference
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Volumes of the Frontal, Parietal and Temporal Lobe Regions
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in the Early Psychosis Social Scale Survey Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults Scores
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Score
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Blood Glucose Levels
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Brain Creatine Kinase (CK) Forward Reaction Rate
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Brain Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolites NAD+/NADH
NCT02536846 (33) [back to overview]Change in Brain Parenchymal pH
NCT02634346 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at Week 4
NCT02634346 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events
NCT02634346 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGIS) Score at Week 4
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Patients Achieving Complete Protection in Overall Assessment Phase
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Overall Percentage of Patients Who Had a Complete Response
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Patients With Complete Response in Acute Phase
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Patients With Complete Response in Delayed Phase
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Patients With no Nausea in Overall Assessment Period
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Patients With no Significant Nausea in Overall Assessment Period
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With no Significant Nausea in Acute Phase
NCT02635984 (8) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With no Significant Nausea in Delayed Phase
NCT02643355 (4) [back to overview]Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Score at 1 Hour Post Medication
NCT02643355 (4) [back to overview]Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Score at 2 Hours Post Medication
NCT02643355 (4) [back to overview]Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Score at the Time of Disposition
NCT02643355 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Received Rescue Medication for Withdrawal Symptoms Within 1 Hour
NCT02694328 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing of Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02694328 (4) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 24
NCT02694328 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With >/= 7% Weight Gain at Week 24
NCT02694328 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With >/= 10% Weight Gain at Week 24
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 10 in Global Clinical Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Score
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 10 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 10 in PSP Total Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥20% Reduction in PANSS Total Score, PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) Total Score ≤70, CGI-S (Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity of Illness) Score <4
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥20% Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Randomization
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥30% Reduction in PANSS Total Score From Randomization
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥40% Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Randomization
NCT02717195 (8) [back to overview]Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥50% Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Randomization
NCT02755116 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe PONV
NCT02755116 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe Nausea
NCT02755116 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Postdischarge Vomiting
NCT02755116 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Nausea and/or Vomiting
NCT02755116 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With PONV
NCT03019887 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Relapse
NCT03066622 (3) [back to overview]Comparison of Duration of ED Length of Stay
NCT03066622 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Receive Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization
NCT03066622 (3) [back to overview]Change in Pain Scores Based on Patient Questionnaire
NCT03137121 (3) [back to overview]Mean Nausea Scores
NCT03137121 (3) [back to overview]Number of Emetic Episodes
NCT03137121 (3) [back to overview]"Number of Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0."
NCT03187769 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With ≥7% Weight Gain at Week 12
NCT03187769 (6) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 12
NCT03187769 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With ≥10% Weight Gain at Week 12
NCT03187769 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing of Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT03187769 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Waist Circumference at Week 12
NCT03187769 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score Within the ALKS 3831 Group at Week 12
NCT03230864 (5) [back to overview]Response
NCT03230864 (5) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Global Clinical Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Score
NCT03230864 (5) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 8 in PANSS Marder Negative Factor Score
NCT03230864 (5) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score
NCT03230864 (5) [back to overview]Change From Randomization to Week 8 in 16-item Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA-16 Total) Score
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Event (AE)
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) Values
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) Values
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) Values
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12/End of Treatment (EoT) in Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Neurocognitive Composite Score
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12/EoT in University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment-2 Extended Range (UPSA-2-ER) Total Score
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Values
NCT03557931 (8) [back to overview]Concentration at Trough Level (Ctrough) for ASP4345
NCT03568500 (2) [back to overview]Percentage Of Days With Good Patch Coverage
NCT03568500 (2) [back to overview]Participant Adherence
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Potential Toxicities as Ascribed to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Average Nausea Scores (0-10) Repeatedly Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]No Nausea Rate Defined as a Response of 0 in the Nausea Item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the Overall (0-120 Hours), Acute (0-24 Hours), and Delayed (24-120 Hours) Periods
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Total Frequency of Rescue Medication as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Complete Response (CR) (no Emetic Episodes and no Use of Rescue Medication) During the Acute, Delayed and the Overall Periods as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Frequency of Nausea in the Acute Phase
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Total Number of Rescue Medications Needed -Delayed
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Achieved Nausea Endpoint in the Delayed Phase.
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Achieved Emesis Endpoint in Acute Phase.
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Total Number of Rescue Medications Needed Acute
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Frequency of Somnolence
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Achieving Minimal Nausea
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Safety Endpoint: Qtc Prolongation
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Severity of Nausea in Delayed Phase
NCT04535141 (10) [back to overview]Number of Emesis Episodes in Delayed Phase

Change in the Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Anxiety

Measures change in the severity of anxiety; Minimum score = 0; maximum score = 7; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-0.5
Clozapine Group0.6

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Change in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-24

A 24-item scale measuring change in interpersonal behaviors, mood, psychosis, anxiety, speech, sleep, orientation and physical activity. Lowest score = 24; highest score = 168; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-13
Clozapine Group-19

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Change in Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Mania

Measures change in the severity of mania; Minimum score = 0; maximum score = 7; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-0.4
Clozapine Group-0.8

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Change in Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Depression

Measures change in severity of depression; Minimum score = 0; maximum score = 7; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group0.4
Clozapine Group0.2

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Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI is calculated by the following formula: weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of the height (in meters) (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

Interventionkg/m² (Mean)
Olanzapine Group1.4
Clozapine Group1.6

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Change in the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms

Measures change in hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and thought organization. Minimum score = 0; maximum score = 170; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-7
Clozapine Group-21

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Change in Extrapyramidal Movements as Measured by the Simpson Angus Scale Score

minimum score = 10; maximum score = 90; lower score considered a more favorable outcome (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Median)
Olanzapine Group0
Clozapine Group0

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Change in Extrapyramidal Movements as Measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS)

minimum score = 10; maximum score = 50; lower score is considered a more favorable outcome (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Median)
Olanzapine Group0
Clozapine Group0

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Change in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms

Measures change in affective flattening or blunting, alogia, avolition/apathy, anhedonia/asociality, attention; minimum score = 0; maximum score = 125; lower values are considered a better outcome (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-14
Clozapine Group-25

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Change in Weight

(NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Olanzapine Group3.6
Clozapine Group3.8

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Change in the Clinical Global Impression Severity of Symptoms Scale

Measures change in the severity of symptoms; Minimum score = 1; maximum score = 7; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-0.6
Clozapine Group-1.6

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Change in the Bunney-Hamburg Rating Scale for Psychosis

Measures change in psychosis severity; Minimum score = 0; maximum score = 7; lower score is considered a better outcome. (NCT00001656)
Timeframe: 8 week double-blind study period; baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Group-3.1
Clozapine Group-4

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Number Who Discontinued Medication Within First 6 Study Months

(NCT00044655)
Timeframe: Measured at Six Months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Stay11
Switch23

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Change From Baseline in Weight at Week 8

change in weight from baseline to week 8 in kg (NCT00053703)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionKg (Mean)
Olanzapine6.12
Risperidone3.64
Molindone0.34

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Change From Baseline in Barnes Akathisia Scale at Week 8

Barnes Akathisia Scale is a clinician rated scale which considers information based on observation of the participant as well as participant report. The scale includes 3 items rated between 0- none to 3 severe and 1 summary item rated between 0 none to 5 severe. All items are summed to obtain the total score. The minimal total score is 0 and the maximal score is 14 with higher scores reflecting more severe akathisia. A score of 4 or more is clinically significant. (NCT00053703)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine0.19
Risperidone0.41
Molindone1.23

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Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index Change, kg/m2, at Week 8

Change from baseline in Body Mass Index Change, kg/m2, at week 8, last observation was carried forward for individuals who withdrew from treatment early. (NCT00053703)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionkg/m2 (Mean)
Olanzapine1.27
Risperidone2.20
Molindone0.15

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Symptom Subscale at Week 8

The PANSS (described above) includes 7 items that reflect negative psychotic symptoms such as amotivation and social withdrawal. As are all items within the PANSS, items are categorically rated by the clinician between 0 - no symptoms to 7 extreme symptoms. The minimal score is 0 reflecting no positive symptoms to 49 reflecting that all items were extreme. Higher scores reflect more severe symptoms. Scores above 18 are usually clinically significant. (NCT00053703)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-5.3
Risperidone-5.1
Molindone-5.8

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Symptom Subscale Score at 8 Weeks.

The PANSS (described above) includes 7 items that reflect positive psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. As are all items within the PANSS, items are categorically rated by the clinician between 0 - no symptoms to 7 extreme symptoms. The minimal score is 0 reflecting no positive symptoms to 49 reflecting that all items were extreme. Higher scores reflect more severe symptoms. Scores above 18 are usually clinically significant. (NCT00053703)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-8.9
Risperidone-8.4
Molindone-8.8

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at 8 Weeks

Assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in which a clinician rates various psychotic symptoms on the basis of observation of the participant, interview with the participant, and review of all other available information including informant reports. The scale consists of 30 items which are rated categorically between 1 - no symptoms to 7 - extreme symptoms. The minimal score is 0 and the maximal score is 210, with higher scores reflecting more symptoms. Typically scores > that 60 are considered clinically significant. (NCT00053703)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-26.6
Risperidone-23.7
Molindone-27.0

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Scores on CGI-S Compared to Baseline Over the Course of the Trial

A measure of overall symptom severity, the Clinical Global Impressions, Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-S). It is a seven point scale with a one indicating not at all ill, and seven indicating the most extremely ill. This rating was done each week after baseline by the PI at each site after visiting with the patient. (NCT00056472)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 to 12

Interventionunits on CGI scale (Mean)
Pharmacotherapy2.24
Monotherapy2.48

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Mean Score Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) Over the Course of the Trial From Week to Week.

The Ham-D measures depression severity. Scores on Ham-D range from 0 to 52 with higher scores indicating more severe depression. (NCT00056472)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 to 12

InterventionScores on Ham-D (Mean)
Pharmacotherapy13.27
Monotherapy16.63

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Remission of Depression Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D) and Psychosis Schedule for Affective Disorders in Schizophrenia - Delusional Item (SADS) During the Course of the Trial

"Remission was defined as scores on Ham-D of less than 10 at two consecutive assessments and the absence of delusions (measured as SADS delusional item scores of 1) at the second assessment of the two-assessment remission of depression interval.~Scores on Ham-D range from 0 to 52 with higher scores indicating more severe depression. Scores on SADS range from 1 to 7 with higher scores indicating the delusions(s) more adversely effect the subject's behavior." (NCT00056472)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 to 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Pharmacotherapy54
Monotherapy31

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Change From Baseline in Weight at Month 76 Endpoint

Mean change in weight from baseline to last observation carried forward (LOCF) endpoint. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot2.10

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Number of Participants Having Normal Fasting Baseline Glucose Value With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Glucose at Any Time Post Baseline

Normal to high fasting glucose ≤100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) at baseline to ≥126 mg/dL any time post baseline. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot20

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Weight Gain at Month 76 Endpoint

PCS weight gain is defined as a ≥7% increase in weight from baseline. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot373

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Scores at Month 72 Endpoint

Measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 72 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot-0.17

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Number of Psychiatric Visits

Psychiatric visits were outpatient visits to a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionvisits (Number)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot14102

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Change From Baseline in PANSS General Psychopathology Subscales at Month 76 Endpoint

PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale is the Remaining 16 PANSS questions or PANSS Question15 through Question 30. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). The sum of the 16 items is defined as the PANSS General Psychopathology Subscales. Possible score ranges from 16 to 112. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot0.19

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal High Prolactin at Any Time Post Baseline

Prolactin normal reference ranges for female: 2.0 - 29.0 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); male: 2.0 - 20.0 ng/mL. High value is defined as a change from a value less than or equal to the high limit at all baseline visits to a value greater than the high limit at any time after baseline. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot100

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Patient Satisfaction With Medication Questionnaire-Modified (PSMQ) at Month 76 Endpoint

Self-rated scale that measures patient's level of satisfaction with current antipsychotic medication. Consists of 3 items assessing satisfaction with current study medication (scored from 1='very dissatisfied' to 5='very satisfied'), preference comparing current study medication versus previous medications (scored from 1='much prefer previous medication' to 5='much prefer study medication'), and side effects of current study medication compared with previous medications (scored from 1='much less side effects' to 5='much more side effects'). Range of possible scores is 3-15. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
Depot, somewhat or very satisfiedDepot vs. oral, prefer or much preferDepot vs. oral, less or much less side effects
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot73.266.873.3

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal High Alanine Transaminase (ALT), High Aspartate Transaminase (AST), High Total Bilirubin at Any Time Post Baseline

High ALT is defined as a baseline value of <3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) to ≥3 times the ULN at any time post baseline. High AST is defined as a baseline value of <5 times the ULN to ≥5 times the ULN at any time post baseline. High total bilirubin is defined as a baseline value of <2 times the ULN to ≥2 times the ULN at any time post baseline. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ALT (n=901)AST (n=909)Total Bilirubin (n=912)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot615524

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Number of Participants With Extrapyramidal Symptoms at Any Time

Extrapyramidal symptoms are defined as Simpson-Angus total score (SAS) >3 at any post-baseline visit; Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) global score ≥2 at any post-baseline visit; A score ≥3 for any of Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for items 1-7 or a score ≥2 for any two of these items. Score for SAS is 0-4 for each of the 10 questions, with 0=normal and 4=extreme. The possible total score for SAS is 0-40. Possible score for BAS is 0-5, with 0=absent and 5=sever. Score 0-4 for each item of AIMS, with 0 =none and 4= sever. Possible total score for items 1-7 is 0-28. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
SAS (n=819)BAS (n=856)AIMS (n=860)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot663428

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE)

The list of serious adverse events (SAE) and other non-serious adverse events (AE) are in Adverse Events Section. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
AESAE
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot501170

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Number of Participants Having Normal Fasting Baseline Lipid Value With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Lipid at Any Time Post Baseline

Normal to high fasting total cholesterol ≤200 mg/dL at baseline to ≥240 mg/dL any time post baseline. Fasting triglycerides <150 mg/dL at baseline to ≥200 mg/dL and <500 mg/dL any time post baseline. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cholesterol (n=873)Triglycerides (n=879)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot2841

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Change From Baseline in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at Month 76 Endpoint

A self-reported questionnaire that consists of 36 questions covering 8 health domains (physical functioning, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality, mental health, role-physical, role-emotional and general health). Each domain is scored by summing the individual items and transforming the scores into a 0 to 100 scale, with higher scores indicating better health status or functioning. The mental component summary (MCS) and the physical component summary (PCS) have been constructed based on the 8 SF-36 domains. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Mental component summaryPhysical component summary
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot0.94-0.36

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Scores at Month 76 Endpoint

PANSS questions 1-7. Assesses positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. 7 items make up the positive scale (ex. delusions, conceptual disorganization, and hallucinatory behavior). Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). Total positive subscale scores range from 7 to 49. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot0.21

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Plasma Olanzapine Concentrations in Participants During Long-Term Treatment by Year

Plasma olanzapine concentrations are expressed as (nanogram/milliliter)/(milligram/day) ([ng/mL]/[mg/day]). (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Intervention(ng/mL)/(mg/day) (Mean)
0.25 year (n= 130)1 year (n= 189)2 years (n= 166)3 years (n= 148)4 years (n= 109)5 years (n= 87)6 years (n= 28)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot2.232.512.452.652.572.592.73

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Scores at Month 76 Endpoint

PANSS questions 8-14. Assesses negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. 7 items make up the negative scale (e.g. blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, and passive/apathetic social withdrawal). Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). Total negative subscale scores range from 7 to 49. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot-0.08

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Days of Hospitalization

This is the total number of days for all hospitalized patients that were admitted to General, Psychiatric Ward as well as Intensive Care Unit (ICU). (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Randomization to end of study up to 76 months

Interventiondays (Number)
Regular hospitalPsychiatric hospitalICU
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot238635587134

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Scores at Month 76 Endpoint

Assesses the positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). The sum of the 30 items is defined as the PANSS total score and ranges from 30 to 210. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot0.30

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Change From Baseline in the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score at Month 76 Endpoint

Heinrich-Carpenter QLS is an interviewer-rated scale which measures the impact of negative symptoms on occupational, social, and psychological functioning in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Each of 21 items is rated on a scale from 0 (severely impaired functioning) to 6 (normal or adequate functioning), for a total score range of 0-126. Results are presented as change in Total score. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot6.75

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Change From Baseline in the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment-Short Form (SWN-S) at Month 76 Endpoint

The Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Treatment-Short Form (SWN-S) is a patient self-rated scale developed to measure the subjective well-being for the previous 7 days of a patient under neuroleptic treatment. The SWN-S consists of 20 items (each item is rated from 1=not at all to 6=very much). Possible total score ranges from 20-120. (NCT00088465)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 76 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Intramuscular Olanzapine Depot0.86

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Percentage of Participants Who Switched to Symptomatic Depression

Switch to symptomatic depression was defined as HAMD-17 total score ≥13 at any time in the participants with HAMD-17 total scores ≤7 at baseline. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: 3 weeks, 6 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
3-Week Symptomatic Depression Rate6-Week Symptomatic Depression Rate
Haloperidol16.716.7
Olanzapine2.42.4
Placebo1.32.7

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Change From Baseline to 3 Week and 6 Week Endpoints in the Positive Subscore of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Assesses positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. 7 items make up the Positive scale (ex. delusions, conceptual disorganization, and hallucinatory behavior). Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). Total Positive Subscale scores range from 7 to 49. For this study, the score was converted to 0 to 6 for each item range; hence, the total positive subscale score ranges from 0 to 42. (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
3-Week Change6-Week Change
Haloperidol-1.8-1.6
Olanzapine-1.8-2.2
Placebo-0.0-0.3

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Change From Baseline to 3 Week Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-12.6
Haloperidol-14.3
Placebo-6.8

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Change From Baseline to 3 Week and 6 Week Endpoints in Clinical Global Impression - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) Mania Subscale

A global rating scale for severity of patients adapted to bipolar disorder. Measures severity of the patient's overall severity of manic symptoms on a scale of 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
3-Week Change6-Week Change
Haloperidol-1.7-1.9
Olanzapine-1.2-1.7
Placebo-0.6-1.0

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Remission Rate of Bipolar Disorder (Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol)

Remission of bipolar disorder was defined as completing the 6-week period with meeting the criteria for Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score of 12 or less and 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) total scores of 7 or less at Week 6. YMRS is an 11-item scale measuring severity of manic episodes; total score ranges = 0 (normal) to 60 (severe). The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity; total score ranges = 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). Remission Rate (percent) = number of patients meeting remission criteria divided by number of patients in treatment arm, multiplied by 100. (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine44.2
Haloperidol20.0

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Change From Baseline to 6 Week Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-16.0
Haloperidol-14.7
Placebo-10.1

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Change From Baseline to 6 Week Endpoint in Clinical Global Impressions - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP), Overall Severity of Illness

A global rating scale for severity of patients adapted to bipolar disorder. Measures severity of the patient's overall severity of overall mood symptoms on a scale of 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-1.6
Haloperidol-1.3
Placebo-0.9

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Response Rate of Manic Symptoms at 3 Weeks and 6 Weeks

Participants who had 50 percent or more decrease from the baseline in YMRS total scores were defined as a responder. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. Response Rate (percent) = number of patients meeting response criterion for manic symptom divided by number of patients in treatment arm, multiplied by 100. (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
3 Week Response Rate6 Week Response Rate
Haloperidol65.065.0
Olanzapine51.067.3
Placebo44.355.7

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Remission Rate of Manic Symptoms at 3 Weeks and 6 Weeks

Participants who had a YMRS total score of 12 or less were considered to be in remission of manic symptoms. YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures severity of manic episodes; total score ranges from 0 (normal) to 60 (severe). Remission Rate (percent) = number of patients meeting remission criteria divided by number of patients in treatment arm, multiplied by 100. (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: 3 weeks, 6 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
3-Week Remission Rate6-Week Remission Rate
Haloperidol65.060.0
Olanzapine47.163.5
Placebo41.252.6

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Percentage of Participants Who Switched to Syndromic Depression

Switch to syndromic depression was operationally defined by meeting both of the following criteria: At baseline, the symptoms did not meet the criteria for a mixed episode based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). The critiera were met for a Major Depressive Episode (MDE), at any point after randomization, based on DSM-IV-TR. Rather than the 2-week period required for an MDE in the DSM-IV-TR, the patient had to meet the criteria of an MDE for at least 7 consecutive days (during Weeks 1 through 6). (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: 3 weeks, 6 weeks

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
3-Week Syndromic Depression Rate6-Week Syndromic Depression Rate
Haloperidol5.35.3
Olanzapine0.01.1
Placebo0.00.0

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Maximum Change From Baseline During 6-Week Period in Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) Total Score

Drug Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) is a scale used to evaluate the severity of drug induced extra-pyramidal symptoms occurring during antipsychotic drug treatment. Scale consists of 8 individual symptom scales with scores ranging from 0 (none/normal) to 4 (severe). The total score is the sum of the 8 item scores, for a total range of 0 (normal) to 32 (severe). (NCT00129220)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineMaximum Change from Baseline
Haloperidol0.502.70
Olanzapine0.200.70
Placebo0.300.09

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Change From Baseline in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Measured by the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA) Scale Total Score

The NSA Scale is a 16-item clinician-rated instrument for rating the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia. Total score ranges from 16 to 96, with greater scores indicating greater severity of symptoms. (NCT00145496)
Timeframe: Day 182

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at Day 182
Asenapine60.4-9.7
Olanzapine61.3-9.2

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measured by the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score

The Quality of Life Scale is a 21-item clinician-rated scale for rating psychosocial functioning (Interpersonal Relations, Instrumental Role, Intrapsychic Foundations, and Common Objects and Activities). The score ranges from 0 to 126, with greater values indicating better quality of life. (NCT00145496)
Timeframe: Day 182

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at Day 182
Asenapine46.311.1
Olanzapine44.27.1

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight

(NCT00145496)
Timeframe: Day 182

,
Interventionkg (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at Day 182
Asenapine84.20.0
Olanzapine84.72.6

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Concomitant Medications

"Concomitant medications are any medications taken on or after the date of first dose of double-blind study drug through the date of~last dose of double-blind study drug." (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Up to 40 weeks

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Participants with no concomitant medicationsParticipants with >=1 concomitant medication
Asenapine2158
Olanzapine3176
Placebo/Asenapine1022

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Extrapyramidal Symptoms [EPS]

"EPS was assessed using the (1) involuntary movement scale [AIMS], (2) Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale [BARS], and (3) Simpson Angus Rating Scale SARS.~AIMS score range 0-4; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity.~BARS score rang 0-9; higher scores indicate greater severity of akathisia.~SARS score range 0-40; higher scores indicate greater degree of Parkinsonism." (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Week 40 or endpoint

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
AIMSBARSSARS
Asenapine0.10.20.2
Olanzapine0.00.10.3
Placebo/Asenapine0.40.40.6

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Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Sign Changes

"Vital signs measured: sitting blood pressure, heart rate.~Definitions:~Markedly abnormal decreases: heart rate (HR) - if ≤50 bpm and decrease from baseline of ≥15 beats per minute (bpm); systolic blood pressure (SBP) - if ≤90 mm Hg and decrease from baseline of ≥20 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) - if ≤50 mm Hg and decrease from baseline of ≥15 mm Hg.~Markedly abnormal increases: HR - if ≥110 bpm and increase from baseline of ≥15 bpm; SBP - if ≥180 mm Hg and increase from baseline of ≥20 mm Hg; DBP - if ≥105 mm Hg and increase from baseline of ≥15 mm Hg." (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Post-baseline (at Week 4, 12, 20, 28, and 40 or endpoint)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Placebo/Asenapine2
Asenapine12
Olanzapine11

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Physical Examination Findings

Physical exam (PE) included assessment of general appearance, skin, head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, lungs, blood pressure, cardiac rhythm & rate, neurologic status, and abdomen. The findings were deemed to be normal/abnormal based on the clinical judgment of the investigator. (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Week 40 or endpoint

InterventionParticipants (Number)
All Treatment Groups32

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Number of Participants With Laboratory Values Outside Normal Range

"Normal ranges were provided by the central laboratory.~Biochemistry = electrolytes, creatine kinase, liver enzymes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, protein, albumin~Metabolic chemistry = cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin~Endocrinology/miscellaneous = insulin, prolactin~Hematology = hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelets, hematocrit, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils" (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Week 40 or endpoint

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
BiochemistryMetabolic chemistryEndocrinology/miscellaneousHematology
Asenapine76323590
Olanzapine115963983
Placebo/Asenapine2517722

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Body Weight

Weight change from baseline (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 40 or endpoint

,,
InterventionKilograms (Mean)
BaselineChange from baseline to Week 40 or endpoint
Asenapine68.13.5
Olanzapine72.06.0
Placebo/Asenapine81.41.7

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Abdominal Girth

Change in abdominal girth from baseline (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 40 or endpoint

,,
InterventionCentimeters (cm) (Mean)
BaselineChange from baseline to Week 40 or endpoint
Asenapine86.82.6
Olanzapine89.45.0
Placebo/Asenapine91.13.0

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Participants Who Experienced Adverse Event(s)

"Adverse event (AE) data, both serious and non-serious, were collected. Serious AEs were also collected up to 30 days post last dose of study drug.~An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product. It does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment.~An AE is defined as serious if it results in death, is life-threatening, requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongs existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect." (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Up to 40 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Placebo/Asenapine23
Asenapine68
Olanzapine85

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiogram

This is the number of participants with electrocardiogram (ECG) adverse events. (NCT00159783)
Timeframe: Week 40 or endpoint

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Sinus bradycardiaBundle branch block rightECG QRS complex prolongedECG ST segment depressionECG T wave inversionSupraventricular extrasystolesVentricular extrasystoles
Asenapine2100000
Olanzapine0011111
Placebo/Asenapine0000000

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Change From Baseline in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Measured by the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA) Scale Total Score

The NSA Scale is a 16-item clinician-rated instrument for rating the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia. Total score ranges from 16 (best) to 96 (worst), with greater scores indicating greater severity of symptoms. (NCT00174265)
Timeframe: Baseline of A7501013 to Day 365

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline at Day 365
Asenapine61.5-15.8
Olanzapine60.3-11.0

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measured by the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score

The QLS is a 21-item clinician-rated scale for rating psychosocial functioning (Interpersonal Relations, Instrumental Role, Intrapsychic Foundations, and Common Objects and Activities). The score ranges from 0 (worst) to 126 (best), with greater values indicating better quality of life. (NCT00174265)
Timeframe: Baseline of A7501013 to Day 365

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline at Day 365
Asenapine45.312.4
Olanzapine42.311.7

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BMI

BMI at baseline and at end of 15 months for Risperidone LAI and oral AAP groups (NCT00177164)
Timeframe: baseline to end of 15 months

,
Interventionkg / m^2 (Mean)
BaselineFinal
Oral AAP29.8632.0
Risperidone LAI31.0532.27

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Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Hyperlipidemia

Number of participants with Hyperlipidemia as determined by safety labs (NCT00177164)
Timeframe: from baseline to end of 15 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Risperidone LAI0
Oral AAP0

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Number of Participants With Treatment - Emergent Hyperglycemia

Number of participants with hyperglycemia based on safety labs (NCT00177164)
Timeframe: from baseline to end of 15 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Risperidone LAI0
Oral AAP0

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Evaluate the Number of Clinical Events (Pooled) Occurring Between 3-15 Months Following a Switch/Stabilization of the Antipsychotic Agents Among Patients Who Receive Either Risperidal Consta or One of the 4 Marketed 2nd Generation Antipsychotic Agents.

(NCT00177164)
Timeframe: Upto 15 months

InterventionNumber of clinical events (Mean)
Risperidone LAI0.86
Oral AAP1.61

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Total Weeks Worked

(NCT00183625)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionWeeks (Mean)
Individual Placement and Support (IPS)51.53
Individual Placement and Support With Workplace Fundamentals41.37

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Body Mass Index

Intent was to compare medication and not work group conditions. This was initially assessed at baseline and includes total time on either risperidone or olanzapine up to 18 months. (NCT00183625)
Timeframe: First 18 months of study

Interventionkg/m^2 (Least Squares Mean)
Risperidone Treatment29.21
Olanzapine Treatment30.4

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Mean Change in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales (HAM-A)

"The HAM-A was one of the first rating scales developed to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms, and is still widely used today in both clinical and research settings. The scale consists of 14 items, each defined by a series of symptoms, and measures both psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and somatic anxiety (physical complaints related to anxiety). The HAM-A does not provide any standardized probe questions. Despite this,the reported levels of interrater reliability for the scale appear to be acceptable.~Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe), with a total score range of 0-56, where <17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe." (NCT00186017)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 Week

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine/Zyprexa-7.9
Placebo-3.8

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Mean Change in MADRS After 1 Week of Treatment.

Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scales (MADRS) is a multi-item clinician tool assessing depression. Each item yields a score of 0 to 6. The overall score ranges from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS score indicates more severe depression. (NCT00186017)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 week

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine/Zyprexa-12.3
Placebo-6.8

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Mean Change in CGI-BP-OS After 1 Week of Treatment

The Clinical Global Impression - bipolar version - overall severity scale (CGI-S) is a 7-point scale that requires the clinician to rate the severity of the patient's illness at the time of assessment, relative to the clinician's past experience with patients who have the same diagnosis. Considering total clinical experience, a patient is assessed on severity of mental illness at the time of rating 1, normal, not ill; 2, minimally ill; 3, mildly ill; 4, moderately ill; 5, markedly ill; 6, severely ill; or 7, very severely ill (NCT00186017)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 Week

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine/Zyprexa-1.4
Placebo.8

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Mean Change in YMRS After 1 Week of Treatment

"The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scale has 11 items and is based on the patient's subjective report of his or her clinical condition over the previous 48 hours. Responses to each item are summed with a higher score indicating more mania symptoms endorsed.~Scale:0-60 0=Good 60=Bad" (NCT00186017)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 week

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine/Zyprexa-6.0
Placebo-3.3

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Scores.

Normalized insulin senstivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine0.035
Risperidone0.066

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in BMI (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.182
Risperidone-0.195

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Scores.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine0.001
Risperidone-0.134

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Pairwise Correlation Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Barnes Akathisia Scale Scores.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in Barnes Akathisia scores (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.120
Risperidone0.006

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Visceral Fat Area.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in visceral fat area (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.048
Risperidone-0.057

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Scores

A 12-item instrument assesses observed abnormal movements in different parts of body. Seven items are scored in a 5-point scale (0 = none/normal, 4 = severe) which evaluates abnormal movements in 3 main anatomic areas (orofacial area, extremities, and trunk). Total scores range from 0 to 28. Five collected elements are not used in this total. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine0.480.04
Risperidone0.530.04

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Pairwise Correlations Between Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Eating Behavior Assessment Scale Scores.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in Eating Behavior Assessment Scale scores (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

,
Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Item 1: How Hungry?Item 2: How Strong Appetite?Item 3: Craved Sweets or Other Carbohydrates?Item 4: Craved Fatty Foods?Item 5: Felt Full or Satisfied After Meal?Item 6:Excessive Amount of Food to Feel Satisfied?Item 7: Thinking About Food?Item 8: Overeating?Item 9: Feel Eating is Out of Control?
Olanzapine-0.137-0.137-0.009-0.068-0.1170.134-0.172-0.032-0.075
Risperidone-0.371-0.2690.035-0.184-0.0600.0670.045-0.165-0.354

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Change in Baseline to Last Observation In Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase Using Change in Weight as a Covariate

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) was defined as the ratio of whole body glucose disposal rate normalized to fat-free mass (Mffm) divided by the plasma insulin concentration (I) during steady-state conditions of the clamp procedure. Units:[(mg glucose)*min*mL] / [(kg fat free body mass)*(micro IU insulin)] (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
InterventionMffm/I (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine0.1664-0.0149
Risperidone0.1937-0.0327

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Weight

Weight change from baseline to last visit (last observation carried forward) (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine85.932.98
Risperidone86.551.23

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Waist Circumference

Waist circumference change from baseline to last observation carried forward. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventioncentimeters (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine99.132.38
Risperidone98.490.17

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Visceral Fat Area

Visceral fat area change from baseline to last observation carried forward, all randomized patients, double-blind treatment period (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionsquare centimeters (cm2) (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine101.464.70
Risperidone102.178.70

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in the Ratio of the Visceral Fat Area to the Subcutaneous Fat Area

Ratio of the visceral fat area to the subcutaneous fat area change from baseline to last observation carried forward, all randomized patients, double-blind treatment period (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionratio in square centimeters (cm2) (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine0.410.01
Risperidone0.430.00

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Subcutaneous Fat Area

Subcutaneous fat area change from baseline to last observation carried forward, all randomized patients, double-blind treatment period (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionsquare centimeters (cm2) (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine281.074.94
Risperidone317.1635.15

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Simpson Angus Scale Scores

Measures neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Total score of Simpson Angus Scale consists of the sum of 10 items rated on a 5-point severity scale where 0=normal and 4=extreme. The total score ranges from 0 to 40. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine1.13-0.06
Risperidone0.940.30

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Triglycerides

Changes in fasting lipid parameters including triglycerides last observation carried forward (LOCF) mean change from baseline (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine1.680.34
Risperidone1.55-0.10

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Total Cholesterol

Fasting lipid parameters including total cholesterol, change from baseline to last observation carried forward. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine4.910.18
Risperidone4.970.01

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Lipoprotein Subclasses

Changes in lipid parameters and subclass lipoproteins last observation carried forward (LOCF) mean change from baseline. HDL=High Density Lipoprotein, IDL=Intermdiate Density Lipoprotein, LDL=Low Density Lipoprotein, VLDL=Very Low Density Lipoprotein. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks.

,
Interventionnanomoles per Liter (nmol/L) (Mean)
HDL particles, total, baselineHDL particles, total, change to last observationIDL, baselineIDL, change to last observationMedium small LDL, baselineMedium small LDL, change to last observationSmall LDL, baselineSmall LDL, change to last observationVery small LDL, baselineVery small LDL, change to last observationVLDL mean particle size, baselineVLDL mean particle size, change to last observ.
Olanzapine28.391.7153.1821.40175.1535.70878.68128.55703.6392.7551.214.09
Risperidone29.81-1.0952.56-2.69197.00-11.47977.84-74.09780.78-62.5051.051.80

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Fasting lipid parameters including HDL change from baseline to last observation carried forward. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine1.080.06
Risperidone1.180.05

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipid Parameters Including Direct Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Fasting lipid parameters including Direct LDL, change from baseline to last observation carried forward. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine3.18-0.03
Risperidone3.11-0.02

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Eating Behavior Assessment Scale Scores

Eating Behavior Assessment Scale is a 9-item self-rated tool used to evaluate appetite and eating behaviors. Item scores range from 0 (never) to 4 (always). (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Item 1 Baseline (How Hungry?)Item 1 Change to Last ObservationItem 2 Baseline (How Strong Appetite?)Item 2 Change to Last ObservationItem 3 Baseline (Craved Sweets or Other Carbos?)Item 3 Change to Last ObservationItem 4 Baseline (Craved Fatty Foods?)Item 4 Change to Last ObservationItem 5 Baseline (Felt Full After Meal?)Item 5 Change to Last ObservationItem 6 Baseline(Excessive Food to Feel Satisfied?)Item 6 Change to Last ObservationItem 7 Baseline (Thinking About Food?)Item 7 Change to Last ObservationItem 8 Baseline (Overeating?)Item 8 Change to Last ObservationItem 9 Baseline (Feel Eating is Out of Control?)Item 9 Change to Last Observation
Olanzapine1.420.251.540.171.000.190.800.312.59-0.170.860.170.900.120.420.170.100.25
Risperidone1.320.421.320.380.830.360.740.252.550.000.790.280.770.130.530.150.260.11

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness Scores

Measures severity of illness at the time of assessment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine3.65-0.22
Risperidone3.61-0.23

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is an 18-item clinician-administered scale used to assess the degree of severity of a subject's general psychopathological symptoms. Item scores range from 0 (not present) to 6 (extremely severe). Total Scores range from 0 to 108; Positive Subscale Scores range from 0 to 24. Negative Subscale Scores range from 0 to 18. Anxiety-Depression Subscale Scores range from 0 to 24. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Total Score BaselineTotal Score Change to Last ObservationPositive Subscale Score BaselinePositive Subscale Score Change to Last ObservationNegative Subscale Score BaselineNegative Subscale Score Change to Last ObservationAnxiety-Depression BaselineAnxiety-Depression Change to Last Observation
Olanzapine13.32-1.985.22-0.822.32-0.384.33-0.78
Risperidone13.96-1.485.27-1.201.88-0.023.73-0.32

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index

Within-and Between-Treatment Group changes in Body Mass Index from baseline to last observation carried forward. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms per square meter (kg/m2) (Mean)
BaselineChange to Last Observation
Olanzapine28.961.02
Risperidone28.790.39

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Change From Baseline to 12 Week Endpoint in Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) Scores

The BARS is a 4-item instrument that evaluates akathisia associated with use of antipsychotic medications. Item 4 is the Global clinical assessment and is rated 0 to 5 (0 = absent, 5 = severe). The other 3 items (related to objective and subjective assessments) are not used for these analyses. (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange to last observation
Olanzapine0.240.02
Risperidone0.36-0.02

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Weight.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in weight (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.212
Risperidone-0.188

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Waist Circumference.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in waist circumference (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.206
Risperidone-0.263

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in the Simpson Angus Scale Scores.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in the Simpson Angus Scale scores (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine0.184
Risperidone0.249

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Subcutaneous Fat Area.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in subcutaneous fat area (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.043
Risperidone-0.085

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Ratio of Visceral Fat Area to the Subcutaneous Fat Area.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in ratio of visceral far area to subcutaneous fat area (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine-0.055
Risperidone0.101

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Pairwise Correlations Between Changes in Normalized Insulin Sensitivity Index at Low Insulin Phase and Changes in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness Scale Scores.

Normalized insulin sensitivity index (Mffm/I) at low insulin phase-pairwise correlations between changes in Mffm/I and changes in Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness scale scores (NCT00190749)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventioncorrelation (Number)
Olanzapine0.068
Risperidone0.234

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Difference in Migraine Headache Periods During the Active Treatment Period as Compared to the Placebo Treatment Period, Per Subject.

"Definition of migraine headache period: One migraine period is defined as a 24-hour period starting at the time of onset of the migraine headache, during which the migraine headache is present*.~Definition of time frames: First treatment period: Day 1 to 84. Second treatment period: day 113-196. Washout phase is day 85-112." (NCT00203307)
Timeframe: 84 day period on placebo compared to 84 day period on olanzapine

Interventionheadache periods (Mean)
Olanzapine First, Then Placeb0

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Change in DEXA % Body Fat

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would increase percent total body fat, as measured by whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00205699)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercent body fat (Mean)
Risperidone1.81
Olanzapine4.12
Aripiprazole1.66

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Change in Insulin-stimulated Glucose Rate of Appearance (Glucose Ra)

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would decrease hepatic insulin sensitivity, as measured by the rate of appearance of glucose (glucose Ra), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00205699)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of % change (Mean)
Risperidone-2.50
Olanzapine-6.57
Aripiprazole-3.27

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Change in Insulin-stimulated Glucose Rate of Disappearance (Glucose Rd)

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would decrease insulin sensitivity at muscle, as measured by the insulin-stimulated rate of disappearance of glucose (glucose Rd), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00205699)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of % change (Mean)
Risperidone2.30
Olanzapine-29.34
Aripiprazole-30.26

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Change in Insulin-stimulated Glycerol Rate of Appearance (Glycerol Ra)

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would decrease insulin sensitivity at adipose tissue, as measured by the insulin-stimulated rate of disappearance of glycerol (glycerol Ra), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00205699)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of % change (Mean)
Risperidone-3.65
Olanzapine-8.29
Aripiprazole1.70

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Change in MRI-measured Visceral Abdominal Fat

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would increase visceral abdominal fat, as measured by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00205699)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionChange in cm-squared (Mean)
Risperidone6.85
Olanzapine10.73
Aripiprazole12.04

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Change in MRI-measured Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would increase subcutaneous abdominal fat, as measured by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00205699)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionChange in cm-squared (Mean)
Risperidone18.21
Olanzapine34.27
Aripiprazole15.84

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Working Memory

"California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) trials 1 through 5 is a well established neuropsychological test of working memory. The maximum score is 80 which reflects a better outcome and the minimum score is 0 which reflects a worse outcome.~The only meaningful analyses with adequate statistical power that could be reported were of the 10 schizophrenia patients who met nonresponse criteria to ziprasidone. The overall enrollment of 35 subjects was insufficient to perform the originally planned analyses in a statistically valid manner." (NCT00225498)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ziprasidone44.8

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Baseline MATHYS Assessment - Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Transformation Matrix

This analysis indicates whether the total score is correct and provides enough information, or if subscores need to be calculated. Eigen value, proportion and cumulative are statistical parameters from the Principal Component Analysis, given for each factor. (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,
Interventionvalue (Number)
Factor 1Factor 2Factor 3Factor 4Factor 5Factor 6Factor 7Factor 8Factor 9Factor 10Factor 11Factor 12Factor 13Factor 14Factor 15Factor 16Factor 17Factor 18Factor 19Factor 20
Cumulative0.43830.53890.59840.65050.69950.73920.77390.80610.83410.86080.88360.90550.92410.94120.95510.96820.97820.98730.99441.0000
Eigen Value8.772.011.191.0420.980.790.690.640.560.540.450.440.370.340.280.260.200.180.140.11
Proportion0.43830.10060.05940.05210.04900.03970.03470.03220.02800.02680.02270.02190.01860.01710.01390.01310.01000.00910.00710.0056

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Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in HAMA Total Scores - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment

The 14-item HAMA assesses the severity of anxiety. The investigator talked to the patient about their symptoms over the previous week before the study visit. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale, i.e. 0 = absent to 4 = severe. The total score of HAMA-14 may range from 0 (not present) to 56 (very severe). (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=30, 101, 10)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=29, 93, 10)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=30, 99, 10)
Neither11.40-4.30-6.90
Thymic Hyper-Reactivity12.63-5.96-5.65
Thymic Hypo-Reactivity12.87-4.93-4.83

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Mean Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) Total Score

The 14-item HAMA assesses the severity of anxiety. The investigator talked to the patient about their symptoms over the previous week before the study visit. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale, i.e. 0 = absent to 4 = severe. The total score of HAMA-14 may range from 0 (not present) to 56 (very severe). (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=36, 31, 26, 48)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=31, 31, 25, 45)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=35, 31, 26, 47)
Depressive Episode15.08-6.76-6.83
Hypomanic Episode11.94-5.48-5.65
Manic Episode7.78-2.68-2.26
Mixed Episode15.46-7.32-7.62

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Increases and Decreases in Fasting Glucose Levels

(NCT00259272)
Timeframe: over 24 weeks

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
At Least One Increase in Fasting Glucose (FG)At Least One Decrease in FGAt Least One Increase/Decrease in FGPatients Who Increase and Decrease During Study
Depressive Episode1011156
Hypomanic Episode98107
Manic Episode5472
Mixed Episode3131

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Increases and Decreases in Lipid Levels

(NCT00259272)
Timeframe: over 24 weeks

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
At Least One Increase for Total Cholesterol (TC)At Least One Decrease for TCAt Least One Increase/Decrease for TCPatients Who Increase & Decrease in TC≥1 Increase for High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)At Least One Decrease for HDLAt Least One Increase/Decrease for HDLPatients Who Increase & Decrease in HDL≥1 Increase for Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)At Least One Decrease for LDLAt Least One Increase/Decrease for LDLPatients Who Increase & Decrease in LDLAt Least One Increase for Triglycerides (TG)At Least One Decrease for TGAt Least One Increase/Decrease for TGPatients Who Increase & Decrease in TG
Depressive Episode2016261011812717172591113168
Hypomanic Episode7912456838712377113
Manic Episode1811191084931581761112158
Mixed Episode111014765741171266785

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Mean Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Glycaemia Levels (Glucose Fasting Levels)

(NCT00259272)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

,,,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
Baseline (n=33, 30, 23, 47)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=26, 28, 23, 40)
Depressive Episode88.527.31
Hypomanic Episode85.994.65
Manic Episode89.27-3.07
Mixed Episode85.943.89

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Mean Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Hamilton 17-Items Depression Scale (HAMD-17) Total Score

The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (not at all depressed) to 52 (severely depressed). (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=35, 30, 26, 48)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=29, 29, 25, 45)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=34, 30, 26, 47)
Depressive Episode16.06-8.51-7.96
Hypomanic Episode8.43-3.10-3.20
Manic Episode6.46-1.79-1.74
Mixed Episode12.65-5.60-5.50

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Mean Changes From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Multidimensional Assessment of THYmic States Scale (MATHYS) Total Score

A visual analogic scale consisting of 20 items. Item scores vary from 0 (inhibition of the state evaluated by the item) to 10 (excitation for the evaluated state), except for items 5 to 10 and 17 and 18 which are inversed and are consequently to be reversed before the analysis. Total score is sum of the 20 items and can vary from 0 to 200. (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 weeks

,,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=34, 31, 25, 48)6 Week Endpoint (n=31, 31, 25, 44)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=30, 31, 24, 44)24 Week Endpoint (n=35, 31, 26, 47)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=34, 31, 25, 47)
Depressive Episode76.8893.4117.1794.5817.04
Hypomanic Episode136.52105.15-31.37103.16-33.36
Manic Episode140.55115.37-22.91115.15-24.67
Mixed Episode116.74101.58-13.3291.56-26.08

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Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in HAMD-17 Total Scores - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment

The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (not at all depressed) to 52 (severely depressed). (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=29, 100, 10)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=28, 90, 10)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=28, 98, 10)
Neither9.50-4.00-3.80
Thymic Hyper-Reactivity10.64-4.89-4.55
Thymic Hypo-Reactivity14.48-6.61-6.48

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Mean Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Lipids

Baseline, change from baseline, and percent change for the following lipids are presented: Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), and Triglycerides (TG). (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks

,,,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
TC Baseline (n=33, 30, 24, 46)Change in TC from 24 Week Endpoint (n=26,28,23,41)Percent Change in TC (n=26, 28, 23, 41)HDL Baseline (n=33, 30, 23, 46)Change in HDL from Endpoint (n=26, 28, 22, 41)Percent Change in HDL (n=26, 28, 22, 41)LDL Baseline (n=34, 30, 23, 46)Change in LDL from Endpoint (n=27, 27, 22, 41)Percent Change in LDL (n=27, 27, 22, 41)TG Baseline (n=35, 30, 23, 46)Change in TG from 24 Week Endpoint (n=27,28,22,41)Percent Change in TG (n=27, 28, 22, 41)
Depressive Episode203.774.414.6850.783.258.87128.81-1.193.41120.1513.8525.95
Hypomanic Episode191.552.263.1056.871.576.17112.161.285.15110.6625.8640.06
Manic Episode182.8823.6414.9650.211.246.04112.7614.2220.54115.818.3720.65
Mixed Episode210.517.034.4157.46-0.453.78129.709.4611.37131.37-1.164.10

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Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in YMRS Total Scores - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=27, 101, 10)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=26, 93, 10)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=27, 99, 10)
Neither10.00-6.50-7.60
Thymic Hyper-Reactivity16.50-10.45-11.29
Thymic Hypo-Reactivity4.48-2.38-1.70

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Mean Change From Baseline to 6 Week and 24 Week Endpoints in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 Weeks, 24 Weeks

,,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=36, 31, 25, 46)Change from 6 Week Endpoint (n=31, 31, 24, 43)Change from 24 Week Endpoint (n=35, 31, 25, 45)
Depressive Episode2.78-0.86-0.82
Hypomanic Episode17.84-13.13-14.45
Manic Episode24.50-13.65-14.00
Mixed Episode12.96-9.67-10.60

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Weight Gain Compared to Baseline

Weight gain at anytime more than 7%-15% or 25% of body weight compared to baseline (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: over 24 weeks

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No Significant Gain>25%>15%>7%Missing Data
Depressive Episode420051
Hypomanic Episode260230
Manic Episode300150
Mixed Episode180170

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Wellness Interventional Program for Weight Gain Management in Patients (for Those Who Gain at Anytime More Than 7% of Body Weight, Compared to Baseline)

(NCT00259272)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Advised to Consult Dietician - NoAdvised to Consult Dietician - YesPerformed a Wellness Program - NoPerformed a Wellness Program - YesNumber of Wellnes Program Consults - 1Number of Wellnes Program Consults - 2Number of Wellnes Program Consults - 3Patients Losing Weight After ConsultationPatients Gaining Weight After ConsultationPatients with Stable Weight After Consultation
Weight Gain Subgroup816610523880

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MATHYS Total Score at Baseline - According to Thymic Reactivity Assessment

A visual analogic scale consisting of 20 items. Items scores vary from 0 (inhibition of the state evaluated by the item) to 10 (excitation for the evaluated state), except for items 5 to 10 and 17 and 18, which are inversed and are consequently to be reversed before the analysis. Total score is sum of the 20 items and can vary from 0 to 200. (NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Thymic Hypo-Reactive81.24
Thymic Hyper-Reactivity122.49
Neither117.26

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Mean Change From Baseline to 24 Week Endpoint in Weight

(NCT00259272)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Manic Episode1.37
Hypomanic Episode1.91
Mixed Episode1.78
Depressive Episode2.15

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Obsessions

Obsessions subscale of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 20. Higher scores indicate higher levels of obsessions. (NCT00260962)
Timeframe: Pretreatment (Week 1) and Posttreatment (Week 13)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PretreatmentPosttreatment
Olanzapine Plus Day Hospital11.066.54
Placebo Plus Day Hospital9.115.86

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Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m^2)

Body Mass Index (BMI) measured in kg/m^2 units. Measured at Baseline (week 2) and post-treatment (week 13). (NCT00260962)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 2) and post-treatment (week 13)

,
Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
Week 2 baselineWeek 13
Olanzapine Plus Day Hospital20.3020.30
Placebo Plus Day Hospital19.6619.66

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Long-term Change in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Measured by the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA) Scale

Decrease from baseline in the NSA scores indicates improvement of efficacy. Range NSA total score is 16 [best]-96 [worst]. (NCT00265343)
Timeframe: Baseline of Protocol 25543 (NCT 00212836) to 365 days (total time for both protocols 25543 & 25544)

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Asenapine-16.9
Olanzapine-15.4

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Change in Quality of Life Measured by Quality of Life Scale (QLS)

Increase from baseline in the QLS scores indicates improvement of efficacy. Range QLS total score is 0 [worst]-126 [best]. (NCT00265343)
Timeframe: Baseline of Protocol 25543 (NCT 00212836) to 365 days (total time for both protocols 25543 & 25544)

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Asenapine18.7
Olanzapine16.4

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Number of Participants With Response of Manic Symptoms - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only

Defined by a 50% or more reduction in YMRS total score from baseline in Study BMAC to endpoint. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. The primary objective was only interested in the effects in the olanzapine monotherapy arm. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy97

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Dyskenisia Based on DIEPSS Scores

DIEPSS assesses the extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to antipsychotics. Consists of 9 items (8 to assess individual symptoms and 1 to assess global severity). Each item is assessed from 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). The total points of 8 items are defined as DIEPSS total (0 to 32 points). The items are classified into 4 categories of parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia. Treatment-emergent dyskenisia was defined as a score of equal or more than 2 or an increase of equal to or more than 2 points from baseline on the dyskenisia item (total score possible 0 to 4 points). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy0
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer0

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Dystonia Based on DIEPSS Scores

DIEPSS assesses the extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to antipsychotics. Consists of 9 items (8 to assess individual symptoms and 1 to assess global severity). Each item is assessed from 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). The total points of 8 items are defined as DIEPSS total (0 to 32 points). The items are classified into 4 categories of parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia. Treatment-emergent dystonia was defined as a score equal or more than 2 or an increase of equal or more than 2 points from baseline on the dystonia item (total score possible 0 to 4 points). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy0
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer1

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Parkinsonism Based on DIEPSS Scores

DIEPSS assesses the extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to antipsychotics. Consists of 9 items (8 to assess individual symptoms and 1 to assess global severity). Each item is assessed from 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). The total points of 8 items are defined as DIEPSS total (0 to 32 points). Parkinsonism is assessed by the total points of items 1 to 5 (total score of 0 to 20). Treatment-emergent parkinsonism was defined as a score of equal or greater than 3 on 1 item, equal or greater than 2 on 2 items, or an increase of equal or greater than 3 from baseline on the parkinsonism total. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy1
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer3

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Clinical Global Impressions - Bipolar Version, Severity of Illness (CGI-BP) Overall, Visit Data

Measures severity of the patient's overall severity of bipolar symptoms (1=normal, not at all ill; 7=among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 18

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
baseline1 week2 weeks4 weeks6 weeks10 weeks14 weeks18 weeks endpoint
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer4.74.13.73.53.43.03.02.9
Olanzapine Monotherapy1.91.81.81.71.71.71.81.7

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Abnormal, High, or Low Laboratory Values

High density lipoprotein: males low 40 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL), high 80 mg/dL; females low 40 mg/dL, high 90 mg/dL. Low density lipoprotein (LDL): males and females low 70 mg/dL, high 139 mg/dL. Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C): males and females low 4.3%, high 5.8%. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Low high density lipoprotein (HDL); n=93, n=36High high density lipoprotein (HDL); n=95, n=37Low low density lipoprotein (LDL); n=97; n=37High low density lipoprotein (LDL); n=71, n=31Low hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C); n=100, n=39High hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C); n=97, n=38
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer3111110
Olanzapine Monotherapy10512412

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint on the YMRS Total Score - Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer Only

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer-19.8

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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Positive Scores - Visit Data

Assesses positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. 7 items make up the Positive scale. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). Total Positive Subscale scores range from 7 to 49. For the analysis, the score was converted to 0 to 6 for each item range; hence, the total score ranges from 0 to 42. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 18

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
baseline1 week2 weeks4 weeks6 weeks10 weeks14 weeks18 week endpoint
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer12.510.510.110.110.19.99.99.9
Olanzapine Monotherapy7.77.57.57.47.37.47.47.4

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in Vital Signs and Weight

Low systolic blood pressure (SBP): <=90 millimeter mercury (mmHg) and decrease of >=20 mmHg; High SBP: >=180 mmHg and increase of >=20 mmHg; Low diastolic blood pressure (DBP): <=50 mmHg and decrease of >=15 mmHg; High DBP: >=105 mmHg and increase of >=15 mmHg; Low pulse: <50 beats per minute (bpm) and decrease of >=15 bpm; High pulse: >120 bpm and an increase of >=15 bpm; Low weight: decrease of >=7%; High weight: increase of >=7%; (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Low systolic blood pressureHigh systolic blood pressureLow diastolic blood pressureHigh diastolic blood pressureLow weightHigh weightLow pulseHigh pulse
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer201011000
Olanzapine Monotherapy604131700

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in Laboratory Analytes

Triglycerides: high limit equal to or more than 500 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL); Glucose (non-fasting): low limit 2.4975 mmol/liter (L); high limit 13.875 mmol/L; Glucose (fasting): low limit 2.4975 mmol/L; high limit 6.993 mmol/L. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
High triglycerides; n=100, n=38Low glucose (non-fasting); n=64, n=28High glucose (non-fasting); n=64, n=28Low glucose (fasting); n=40, n=6High glucose (fasting); n=40, n=6
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer20000
Olanzapine Monotherapy50003

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Maximum Change From Baseline to Endpoint on the Drug Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) - Total Score

A scale used to assess the extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to antipsychotics. Consists of 9 items (8 to assess individual symptoms and 1 to assess global severity). Each item is assessed from 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). The total points of 8 items are defined as DIEPSS total (0 to 32 points). The items for the assessment of individual symptoms are classified into 4 categories of parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia. Parkinsonism is assessed by the total points of items 1 to 5; akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia are assessed by the points given to the corresponding items. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineMaximum Change from baseline to endpoint
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer0.180.64
Olanzapine Monotherapy0.350.05

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Number of Participants With Relapse of Depressive Symptoms

Assessed were participants meeting remission criteria for bipolar disorder in Study BMAC and have a HAMD-17 total score greater than or equal to 13 at any time. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked) or a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy4

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in Electrocardiograms - High Fridericia Corrected QT Interval (QTcF)

High QTcF: more than or equal to 450 milliseconds (msec) for males; more than or equal to 470 milliseconds (msec) for females (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy0
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer0

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Number of Participants Who Switched to Syndromic Depression

As defined as a shift from a Manic Episode at baseline to a Major Depressive Episode, at any post baseline visit, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy8
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer4

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Switch to Symptomatic Depression as Measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale - 17 Item Version (HAMD-17)

Incidence of depressive symptoms was defined as a score of equal to or more than 13 points on the HAMD-17. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked) or a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy4
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer1

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Scores - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. The primary objective was only interested in the effects in the olanzapine monotherapy arm. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine Monotherapy-3.0

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Akathisia Based on DIEPSS Scores

DIEPSS assesses the extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to antipsychotics. Consists of 9 items (8 to assess individual symptoms and 1 to assess global severity). Each item is assessed from 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). The total points of 8 items are defined as DIEPSS total (0 to 32 points). The items are classified into 4 categories of parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia. Treatment-emergent akathisia was defined as a score of equal or more than 2 or an increase of equal or more than 2 points from baseline on the akathisia item (total score possible 0 to 4 points). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy3
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer2

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Number of Participants With Relapse of Manic Symptoms - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only

Patients achieved remission in Study BMAC (defined as YMRS total score <=12 and HAMD-17 total score <=7) and obtained YMRS total score of >=15 at any time during Study BMEX. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. The primary objective was only interested in the effects in the olanzapine monotherapy arm. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy3

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Number of Participants With Remission of Mania - Olanzapine Monotherapy Arm Only

Remission of Mania was defined as a YMRS total score of less than or equal to 12 at endpoint. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. The primary objective was only interested in the effects in the olanzapine monotherapy arm. (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: baseline through 18 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy93

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Remission of Bipolar Disorder

Participants who had equal to or less than 12 points in YMRS total score and equal to or less than 7 points in HAMD-17 total score at 18 weeks. YMRS: 11-item scale, measures the severity of manic episodes. 4 items are rated from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total: 0 to 60. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using a 3-point scale or a 5-point scale. HAMD-17 total score: 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00266630)
Timeframe: Week 18

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Monotherapy54
Olanzapine + Mood Stabilizer12

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Change in Brain Metabolism From Baseline to Eight Weeks as Seen in PET Scan

The primary aim of this imaging study was to examine the effect of olanzapine on brain metabolism over the eight weeks of administration. To compare the baseline PET scan to the endpoint scan, (NCT00275301)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks

InterventionStandard uptake value (Mean)
All Subjects Were Open-label and Took the Same Dose.11.5

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Scale

Measures severity of illness at the time of assessment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SODO-0.26
SOT-0.09

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Number of Participants Discontinuing the Trial by Visit (Week)

The number of participants who discontinued by visit (non-cumulative). (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) to Visit 7 (Week 16)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Visit 3 (Week 2) DiscontinuationsVisit 4 (Week 4) DiscontinuationsVisit 5 (Week 8) DiscontinuationsVisit 6 (Week 12) DiscontinuationsVisit 7 (Week 16) Discontinuations
SODO33553
SOT11661

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Glycosylated Hemoglobin

(NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionpercent (Mean)
SODO0.0
SOT0.0

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Number of Participants Meeting a Definition for the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome as Defined by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) Criteria at Baseline and 16 Week Endpoint

Patient meets definition of metabolic syndrome if they have >=3 risk factors: Waist circumference (men>102cm, women>88cm); triglycerides >=1.7mmol/L; HDL cholesterol (men<1.04mmol/L, women<1.30mmol/L); blood pressure >135/>=85 mmHg; Fasting glucose >=6.1mmol/L (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Baseline - Metabolic Syndrome (N=82, N=65)Endpoint - Metabolic Syndrome (N=70, N=52)
SODO1818
SOT1610

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Number of Patients Achieving at Least 5% Loss of Body Weight in Any Post-Baseline Period

Percentage loss of body weight = 100*(postbaseline weight - baseline weight)/baseline weight (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) to Visit 7 (Week 16)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Up to Week 2 (N=82, N=63)Up to Week 4 (N=79, N=63)Up to Week 8 (N=75, N=58)Up to Week 12 (N=70, N=54)Up to Week 16 (N=67, N=51)
SODO00234
SOT01246

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Time Course of Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Comparison of changes at various time points throughout the study. Change = Time point value minus baseline (Visit 2) value. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) to Visit 7 (16 Weeks)

,
Interventionkilograms/square meters (Least Squares Mean)
Week 2 (N=82, N=63)Week 4 (N=79, N=63)Week 8 (N=75, N=58)Week 12 (N=70, N=54)Week 16 (N=67, N=51)
SODO0.090.250.340.470.52
SOT0.160.270.320.540.72

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Blood Pressure

Sitting blood pressure, taken from the same arm. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Systolic Blood PressureDiastolic Blood Pressure
SODO0.10.3
SOT-0.10.8

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Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Fasting Plasma Glucose

Patients should be fasting a minimum of eight hours prior to plasma glucose measurement. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionmillimole/Liter (Mean)
SODO0.2
SOT0.1

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Fasting Lipoproteins (Total Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDL-Cholesterol], Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-Cholesterol] [Calculated], and Triglycerides)

Patients should be fasting a minimum of eight hours prior to lipoprotein measurements. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

,
Interventionmillimole/Liter (Mean)
Total CholesterolHigh-Density Lipoprotein CholesterolLow-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (N=73, N=57)Triglycerides
SODO0.1-0.00.10.1
SOT0.2-0.00.20.0

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Mean Changes From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint Homeostasis Model Assessments of Insulin Sensitivity HOMA-S (Calculated)

HOMA-S is an estimate of insulin sensitivity. The HOMA model is a computer model of the glucose insulin feedback system in the fasted state. The model consists of a number of non-linear empirical equations describing the functions of organs and tissues involved in glucose regulation. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionpercent sensitivity (Mean)
SODO-18.5
SOT-9.8

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Waist Circumference

Waist circumference is measured on a bare abodomen just above the hip bone. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventioncentimeters (Mean)
SODO1.13
SOT0.77

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Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Subjective Appetite Using a Visual Analog Scale

Participant chooses where they think their appetite lies on a 10 centimeter line between two anchors (0 - very poor appetite and 10 - very strong appetite). The possible range of scores is 0 to 100 and represents millimeters on the 10 centimeter line. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SODO-8.21
SOT-5.02

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Weight

Weight of undressed patient (undergarments allowed), measured preferably at the same time each day. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (16 Weeks)

Interventionkilograms (Least Squares Mean)
SODO1.42
SOT2.08

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index (BMI) for the Treatment Completers

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Comparisons of change from baseline to endpoint between participants who completed their treatment. Change = Endpoint value minus Baseline value. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (16 Weeks)

Interventionkilograms/square meters (Mean)
SODO0.56
SOT0.79

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Comparison of change from baseline to endpoint. Change = Endpoint (Week 16) minus Baseline (Week 0) (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionkilograms/square meters (Mean)
SODO0.52
SOT0.67

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in Fasting Serum Insulin

Patients should be fasting a minimum of eight hours prior to serum insulin measurement. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

InterventionmicroIU/milliliter (Mean)
SODO2.4
SOT-0.1

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptics (SWN) Scale

Measures subjective well-being for previous 7 days. 20 items covering 5 health domains (subscales) (4 items each): emotional regulation, self-control, mental functioning, social integration, and physical functioning. Individual scores range from 1 (not at all) to 6 (very much). Subscale scores range from 1 to 24. Total score ranges from 1 to 120. (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SODO4.79
SOT1.60

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Mean Change From Baseline to 16 Week Endpoint in the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale

Measures physician's judgment of a patient's overall level of functioning. Ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 100, with the following classification range: 1-10 (severely impaired) to 91-100 (superior functioning). (NCT00303602)
Timeframe: Visit 2 (Baseline) and Visit 7 (Week 16)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
SODO4.61
SOT2.72

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Scale Scores at 104 Weeks

Measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot-0.36
Oral Olanzapine-0.27

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Median Time to Relapse

Relapse is defined as any 1 of the following: 1) hospitalization for symptoms related to schizophrenia; 2) increase of 25% from baseline in PANSS total score (range:30-210) (if baseline score was >40) or increase of 10 points (if baseline score was ≤40), and ≥1-point increase from baseline on CGI-S score (range:1-7), provided that increase results in CGI-S ≥4; 3) deliberate self-injury or injury to others deemed clinically to be associated with worsening of psychosis; 4) discontinuation from the study because of worsening of psychosis. On PANSS and CGI-S higher scores indicate greater illness. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline to time of relapse (up to 104 weeks)

InterventionDays (Median)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot539.00
Oral Olanzapine623.50

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Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), and Total Bilirubin

Treatment-emergent (TE) high ALT is defined as a baseline value of <3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) to >=3 times the ULN at endpoint. TE high AST is defined as a baseline value of <5 times the ULN to >=5 times the ULN at endpoint. TE high total bilirubin is defined as a baseline value of <2 times the ULN to >=2 times the ULN at endpoint. Hy's Rule is defined as ALT >=3 times the ULN and total bilirubin >=2 times the ULN. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 Weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
ALT (n=255,251)AST (n=256,252)Total bilirubin (n=256,253)Hy's Rule (n=255,251)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot11300
Oral Olanzapine12420

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Participants With Normal to High Fasting Glucose, Fasting Total Cholesterol, and Fasting Triglycerides

Normal to high fasting glucose = <100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) baseline; >=126 mg/dL any time post baseline (or endpoint). Normal to high fasting total cholesterol =<200 mg/dL baseline; >=240 mg/dL any time post baseline or endpoint. Fasting triglycerides <150 mg/dL baseline; >=200 mg/dL and <500 mg/dL any time post baseline or endpoint. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Fasting Glucose (n=243,241)Fasting Total Cholesterol (n=242,231)Fasting Triglycerides (n=242,231)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot251248
Oral Olanzapine171444

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Change From Baseline in Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) Total Score at 104 Weeks

Self-rated scale assessing patients' level of alliance with their therapist, including agreement on goals, tasks, and emotional bond. Each of 12 items is rated from 1 ('never') to 7 ('always'), with higher scores indicating greater alliance. Total Scores range from 12-84. LS Mean values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline, and the change values were also adjusted for baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline to Week 104
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot63.83-0.92
Oral Olanzapine63.21-0.07

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Change From Baseline in Weight at 104 Weeks

(NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionKilograms (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline to Week 104
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot81.562.04
Oral Olanzapine79.842.18

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Change From Baseline in Schizophrenia Objective Functioning Instrument (SOFI) Global Score at 104 Weeks

Interviewer-rated 49-item scale used to assess 4 functional domains in patients with schizophrenia : 1) living situation, 2) instrumental activities of daily living, 3) productive activities and role functioning, and 4) social/recreational functioning. Possible responses and scoring vary by item and by domain, with higher scores representing better functioning. Range of possible scores is 1-100. LS Mean values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline, and the change values were also adjusted for baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline to Week 104
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot60.683.92
Oral Olanzapine60.473.26

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Change From Baseline in Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) Total Score at 104 Weeks

Interviewer-rated scale that assesses patients' awareness of and insight into their illness. SUMD can either be based on 4 items or 5 items. Items 1 through 4 are rated from 1 (aware) to 5 (unaware); item 5 assesses correct attribution of symptoms to a mental disorder and is rated from 1 (symptoms correctly attributed) to 5 (symptoms incorrectly attributed). Total Scores for Items (1-4) range from 4 to 20 and Total Scores for Items (1-5) range from 5 to 25. LS Mean values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline, and the change values were also adjusted for baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Total Score (Items 1-5) BaselineTotal Score (Items 1-5) Change to Week 104Total Score (Items 1-4) BaselineTotal Score (Items 1-4) Change to Week 104
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot11.12-0.728.81-0.39
Oral Olanzapine10.73-0.508.52-0.29

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Change From Baseline in Overall Health Status Assessment Using the EuroQol: 5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D) at 104 Weeks

Generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. Overall health status is self-reported using a visual analogue scale marked on a scale of 0 to 100 with 0 representing worst imaginable health state and 100 representing best imaginable health state. LS Mean values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline; change values were also adjusted for baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (n=193,192)Change from Baseline to Week 104 (n=128,130)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot66.510.07
Oral Olanzapine72.180.09

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Patient Satisfaction With Medication Questionnaire-Modified (PSMQ) at 104 Weeks (All Items)

Self-rated scale which measures patient's level of satisfaction with current antipsychotic medication. Consists of 3 items assessing satisfaction with current study medication (scored from 1-'very dissatisfied' to 5-'very satisfied'), preference comparing current study medication versus previous medications (scored from 1-'much prefer previous medication' to 5-'much prefer study medication'), and side effects of current study medication compared with previous medications (scored from 1-'much less side effects' to 5-'much more side effects'). Range of possible scores is 3-15. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Overall satisfaction with current medicationPreference current/previous medication (n=139,145)Side effects - current vs previous medication
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot4.203.681.91
Oral Olanzapine3.963.831.99

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total and Subscale Scores at 104 Weeks

Assesses the positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). The sum of the 30 items is defined as the PANSS total score and ranges from 30 to 210. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
PANSS Total ScorePANSS Positive ScorePANSS Negative ScorePANSS General Psychopathology Score
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot-0.82-0.48-0.20-0.51
Oral Olanzapine-1.14-0.42-0.41-0.61

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Change From Baseline in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Total Score at 104 Weeks

BPRS is an 18-item clinician-administered scale used to assess the degree of severity of a subject's general psychopathological symptoms. For this study, the BPRS total score was derived from 18 PANSS questions. To calculate the score, the score of the 18 questions was added then 18 was subtracted from the total. As an example, if a subject had a score=1 (absent) on all 18 items, the resulting total=zero. Responses range from 0 (absent) to 6 (extremely severe); the Total Score range is 0-108. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot-0.96
Oral Olanzapine-0.91

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Change From Baseline in Heinrich-Carpenter Quality of Life in Schizophrenia Scale (QLS) Total Score at 104 Weeks

Interviewer-rated scale which measures the impact of negative symptoms on occupational, social, and psychological functioning in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Each of 21 items is rated on a scale from 0 (severely impaired functioning) to 6 (normal or adequate functioning). Total score range is 0-126. Least Squares Mean (LS Mean) values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline, and the change values were also adjusted for baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (n=193,193)Change from Baseline at Week 104 (n=130,135)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot60.098.15
Oral Olanzapine57.737.24

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Change From Baseline in Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) Total Score at 104 Weeks

"Self-rated scale completed by patient's caregiver which measures level of burden placed on the caregiver by caring for the patient. Each of 19 items is rated on a scale from 0 (no impact) to 3 (high negative impact). Total Score range is 0-57. If any of the 19 questions were answered not applicable, then a Total Score of 9 was entered. LS Mean values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline, and the change values were also adjusted for baseline." (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Baseline (n=104,103)Change from Baseline to Week 104 (n=68,64)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot20.06-5.02
Oral Olanzapine20.90-4.14

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Change From Baseline in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at 104 Weeks, All Domains and Summary Scores

SF-36 Health Status Survey is a generic, health-related scale assessing subjects' quality of life on 8 domains. Domains and scores: general health=5-25; physical functioning=10-30; role-physical=4-8; role-emotional=3-6; social functioning=2-10; bodily pain=2-11; vitality=4-24; mental health=5-30. There are 2 summary scores (mental component summary [MCS] and physical component summary [PCS]). MCS and PCS scores=0-100 (higher scores indicate better health status). LS Mean values were adjusted for investigator and treatment at baseline; change values were also adjusted for baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Mental Score Detail at Baseline (n=188,193)Mental Score Detail Change at Week 104 (n=124,134)Physical Score Detail at Baseline (n=188,193)Physical Score Detail Change Week 104 (n=124,134)Physical Functioning at Baseline (n=193,194)Physical Functioning Change Week 104 (n=129,134)Role-Physical at Baseline (n=192,194)Role-Physical Change at Week 104 (n=130,134)Mental Health at Baseline (n=192,194)Mental Health Change at Week 104 (n=129,134)Bodily Pain at Baseline (n=193,194)Bodily Pain Change at Week 104 (n=131,134)General Health at Baseline (n=191,194)General Health Change at Week 104 (n=128,134)Social Functioning at Baseline (n=193,194)Social Functioning Change at Week 104 (n=131,134)Vitality at Baseline (n=193,194)Vitality Change at Week 104 (n=129,134)Role-Emotional at Baseline (n=191,193)Role-Emotional Change at Week 104 (n=129,134)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot42.124.8747.800.4376.181.3563.6010.7061.185.8173.133.2360.502.6964.028.1354.077.9561.4516.38
Oral Olanzapine40.564.5247.910.8475.632.4460.7413.7660.105.2775.61-0.6059.575.3262.615.1049.679.0155.3417.59

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Resource Utilization: Number of Outpatient Surgeries During the Study, 24 Months After Randomization

Number of outpatient surgeries during the study, post-baseline through 104 weeks. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 Weeks

InterventionSurgeries (Mean)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot0.00
Oral Olanzapine0.04

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Resource Utilization: Number of Outpatient Physician Visits During the Study

Number of outpatient physician visits during the study, post-baseline through 104 weeks. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks

InterventionOutpatient physician visits (Mean)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot0.32
Oral Olanzapine0.65

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Patient Attitude Toward Treatment Using the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) Scale Total Score at 104 Weeks

Self-rated scale which measures patient's subjective feelings about taking medications. Each of 10 items is rated as true or false. For items 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10, true is scored as 1; false is scored as 0. For items 2, 5, and 8, true is scored as 0; false is scored as 1. Possible total scores range from 0-10. A subject who answers all 10 questions false will have a score of 3; a subject who answers all 10 questions true will have a score of 7. For 7 out of 10 questions, false is represented by 0, the other 3 questions false is represented by a value=1. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: 104 weeks

InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot7.44
Oral Olanzapine7.47

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Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal High Prolactin at 104 Weeks

The prolactin reference Range is: Female: 2.0 - 29.0 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); Male: 2.0 - 20.0 ng/mL. A treatment-emergent abnormally high value is defined as a change from a value less than or equal to the high limit at all baseline visits to a value greater than the high limit at any time after baseline. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot12
Oral Olanzapine12

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Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Weight Gain at 104 Weeks

PCS weight gain is defined as a >=7% increase in weight from baseline at 104 weeks. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline, 104 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot106
Oral Olanzapine97

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Participants Discontinuing Because of an Adverse Event (AE) or Death

(NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot26
Oral Olanzapine27

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Number of Participants Experiencing Relapse

Relapse is defined as any one of the following: 1) hospitalization for symptoms related to schizophrenia; 2) an increase of 25% from baseline in the total score on the PANSS (if the baseline score was >40), or an increase of 10 points (if baseline score was <=40) and >=1-point increase from baseline score on the CGI-S score, provided that the increase results in a CGI-S score >=4; 3) deliberate self-injury or injury to others that is deemed clinically to be associated with worsening of psychosis; 4) discontinuation from the study because of worsening of psychosis. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot53
Oral Olanzapine48

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Number of Hospitalization Days

Mean - calculated based on total number of hospitalization days per patient within reporting interval. (NCT00320489)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks

InterventionDays (Mean)
Olanzapine Pamoate Depot0.43
Oral Olanzapine1.80

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Number of Patients Discontinuing From the Study

(NCT00330863)
Timeframe: Measured throughout study up to 30 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Injectable81
Oral80

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Substantial Clinical Deterioration Measured by Psychotic Symptoms

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) psychosis cluster. Score range is based on the score range for individual items rather than the factor total because is factors have different numbers of items. Score range is 1 -7 where 1 + no symptomatology and 7 = very severe symptoms. (NCT00330863)
Timeframe: Measured throughout study up to 30 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Injectable1.8
Oral2.0

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Side Effects and Metabolic Measures

The highest severity of each of 24 adverse event (AE) that was assessed.over the 30 month study period. The mean severity on a scale of 1 (none) to 4 very severe symptom was recorded at each biweekly visit. Results for each variable are summarized over time so that each subject has a single mean severity rating for each AE. There is no named scale. Each of the side effects measured is named in ways that are clear to medical readers e.g anorexia. The range is 1 none to 4 very severe. Therefore, a higher scale score is worse. (NCT00330863)
Timeframe: Measured throughout study up to 30 months

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Bruising easilyRashUrticaria (hives, itching)Blurred visionsedation/drowsinessRestlessnessInsomniaMalaise (weakness, fatigue)StiffnessTremorDizzinessHeadacheFeverSore ThroatDry MouthHypersalivationEnuresisConstipationDiarrheaAnorexia (loss of appetite)NauseaVomitingMenstrual IrregularityBreast tenderness/galactorrhea
Injectable1.431.531.601.762.342.482.382.222.011.771.821.991.271.642.361.761.631.751.651.891.781.481.621.39
Oral1.481.441.711.912.532.432.362.141.971.751.781.891.241.572.251.841.561.641.681.691.721.511.551.32

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Vital Signs - Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change from Study Period III baseline to endpoint in standing blood pressure. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS80.29-1.73
NEO-OLZ78.691.01
NEO-RIS78.57-0.20

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Vital Signs - Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Mean Arterial Pressure

Change from Study Period III baseline to endpoint in standing mean arterial pressure. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS94.60-1.94
NEO-OLZ93.530.68
NEO-RIS93.81-0.58

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Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Body Mass Index

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

,,
Interventionkilogram per square meter (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS31.130.10
NEO-OLZ29.970.63
NEO-RIS31.050.43

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Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Body Weight

Change from Study Period III baseline to endpoint in body weight. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS90.670.30
NEO-OLZ88.281.85
NEO-RIS90.251.29

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Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Sitting Pulse Rate

Changes from Study Period III baseline to endpoint in sitting pulse rate. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS77.90-0.94
NEO-OLZ80.49-0.98
NEO-RIS80.84-2.52

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Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Systolic Blood Pressure

Change from Study Period III baseline to endpoint in standing systolic blood pressure. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS123.20-2.36
NEO-OLZ123.200.01
NEO-RIS124.30-1.35

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Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Extrapyramidal Symptoms as Measured by the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale - Total Score

Evaluates akathisia associated with use of antipsychotic medications, includes objective and subjective component plus global impression rating for overall disorder. Components rated on scale of 0 to 3 for objective and subjective items and 0 to 5 for global clinical assessment, for total score of 0 (absence of akathisia) to 11 (severe akathisia). (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
NEO-OLZ-0.31
NEO-RIS-0.13
EO-RIS-0.24

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Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Extrapyramidal Symptoms as Measured by the Modified Simpson-Angus Scale

Measures neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Total score consists of the sum of 10 items: 7 items (items 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10) rated on a 4-point severity scale where 0=normal and 4=extreme, and 3 items (items 2, 5, 6) rated on a 2-point severity scale where 0=normal and 2=definitely abnormal/present. The total score ranges from 0 to 34. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
NEO-OLZ-0.06
NEO-RIS-0.03
EO-RIS-0.02

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Vital Signs - Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Standing Pulse Rate

Change from Study Period III baseline to endpoint in standing pulse rate. Change = Endpoint minus baseline. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 12

,,
Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
EO-RIS82.39-0.56
NEO-OLZ85.57-1.13
NEO-RIS85.32-2.05

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Changes From Study Period II Baseline (Week 0) to Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score in Early Onset Response and Not Early Onset Response-Risperidone Patients

Assesses positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. Scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). Sum of 30 items is PANSS total score and ranges from 30 to 210. Change = time point - single-blind baseline (Week 0). (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Week 0 to Week 3Change from Week 0 to Week 4Change from Week 0 to Week 6Change from Week 0 to Week 8Change from Week 0 to Week 12
EO-RIS-30.80-32.53-32.90-34.10-35.09
NEO-RIS-11.90-14.81-16.23-18.10-18.62

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Changes From Study Period III Baseline (Week 2) to Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Total Score in Not Early Onset Response-Risperidone and Not Early Onset Response-Olanzapine Patients

Assesses positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. Scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). Sum of 30 items is PANSS total score and ranges from 30 to 210. Change = time point - double-blind baseline (Week 2). (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Week 2 to Week 3Change from Week 2 to Week 4Change from Week 2 to Week 6Change from Week 2 to Week 8Change from Week 2 to Week 12
NEO-OLZ-5.85-9.67-13.06-14.73-17.02
NEO-RIS-6.94-9.82-11.25-13.13-13.53

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Number of Participants in the Early Onset and Not Early Onset-Risperidone Groups Who Show a 50% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Baseline or Meet 'a Priori' Specified Criteria for Remission

'a priori' specified criteria for remission defined as a score of 3 (mild), 2 (minimal), or 1 (absent) on all of the following 8 PANSS items: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, unusual thought content, mannerisms and posturing, blunted effect, passive/apathetic withdrawal, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 12

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
>=50% Reduction - Yes>=50% Reduction - No
EO-RIS8751
NEO-RIS67122

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Number of Participants in the Not Early Onset-Risperidone and Not Early Onset-Olanzapine Groups Who Show a 50% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Total Score From Baseline or Meet 'a Priori' Specified Criteria for Remission

'a priori' specified criteria for remission defined as a score of 3 (mild), 2 (minimal), or 1 (absent) on all of the following 8 PANSS items: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, unusual thought content, mannerisms and posturing, blunted effect, passive/apathetic withdrawal, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
>=50% Reduction - Yes>=50% Reduction - No
NEO-OLZ67112
NEO-RIS67122

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Number of Participants With Psychiatric Hospitalizations in the Early Onset and Not Early Onset-Risperidone Groups

Psychiatric Hospitalizations were measured by the Modified Schizophrenia Care and Assessment Program Health Questionnaire (SCAP-HQ) from which it could be determined the number of patients with a psychiatric episode that required an overnight stay in a hospital. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Required overnight stay in hospital: YesRequired overnight stay in hospital: No
EO-RIS10127
NEO-RIS9175

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Mean Change From Baseline to 10 Week Endpoint in Extrapyramidal Symptoms as Measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)- Non-Global Total Score

A 12-item instrument assesses observed abnormal movements in different parts of body. Ten items are scored in a 5-point scale (0 = none/normal, 4 = severe) which evaluates abnormal movements in three main anatomic areas (orofacial area, extremities, and trunk). Two items are yes/no questions regarding dentures. Total scores range from 0 to 42. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
NEO-OLZ-0.38
NEO-RIS0.11
EO-RIS-0.16

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Abnormal Fasting Laboratory Analytes Reported in >=2% of All Participants

Number of participants who experienced abnormal fasting laboratory values at any time during Study Period III. Laboratory reference ranges are dependent on the patient's gender, origin, and age. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 2 to Week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Low total bilirubinHigh creatine phosphokinaseHigh creatinineHigh hemoglobin A1cLow sodiumHigh prolactin
EO-RIS253247
NEO-OLZ562647
NEO-RIS314748

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The Number of Participants in the Early Onset (EO) and Not Early Onset-Risperidone (NEO-RIS) Groups Who Show a 20% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score

The number of participants who experienced a 20% or greater reduction in their PANSS Total score during the 12 weeks they were on risperidone. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 12

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
>=20% Reduction - Yes>=20% Reduction - No
EO-RIS11919
NEO-RIS9495

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The Number of Participants in the Not Early Onset-Risperidone (NEO-RIS) and Not Early Onset-Olanzapine (NEO-OLZ) Groups Who Show a 20% or Greater Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score

The number of not early onset participants who experienced a 20% or greater reduction in PANSS Total Score at any time during the 12 weeks of combined Study Period II and Study Period III. (NCT00337662)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 12

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
>=20% Reduction - Yes>=20% Reduction - No
NEO-OLZ9485
NEO-RIS9495

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Change in Visceral Fat Mass From Baseline to Week 26

CT measured change in visceral fat mass from baseline to week 26 (mm^3) (NCT00338949)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26

Interventionmm^3 (Mean)
Control315
Switch392

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Change in Insulin Sensitivity Index From Baseline to Week 26 ((1/mU/L) x 1/Min)

As measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing (units: 1/mU/L) x 1/Min) (NCT00338949)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 26

Intervention(1/mU/L) x 1/Min (Mean)
Control0.072
Switch0.407

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Change in Positive Symptoms by Treatment Assignment

"The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) consists of 20 items, with 6 of these items used to assess positive symptom change. The BPRS positive symptom items are: somatic concern, conceptual disorganization, hostility, suspiciousness, hallucinatory behavior, and unusual thought content. Each scale ranges from 1=Not Present to 7=Very Severe. A higher score indicates a more severe positive symptom rating." (NCT00349973)
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline - Somatic ConcernFollow-Up - Somatic ConcernBaseline - Conceptual DisorganizationFollow-Up - Conceptual DisorganizationBaseline - HostilityFollow-Up - HostilityBaseline - SuspiciousnessFollow-Up - SuspiciousnessBaseline - HallucinationFollow-Up - HallucinationBaseline - Unusual Thought ContentFollow-Up - Unusual Thought Content
Dipyridamole2.2221.602.6672.001.2221.004.113.0002.672.6003.1112.800
Olanzapine1.4001.002.6002.001.2002.003.401.5003.802.5003.4001.500

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The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)

The RBANS is a brief, individually administered test designed to evaluate neuropsychological status of adults, ages 20-89. The 12 subtests measure attention, language, visuospatial/constructional abilities, and immediate and delayed memory. The raw scores from the subtests are scaled together to create index scores, and these are summed for conversion to a total scale score. Higher score equals a better outcome. The total index score range for the RBANS is 40-160. (NCT00349973)
Timeframe: Baseline and Follow-Up

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (Phase 1/Week 1)Follow-Up (Phase 3/Week 6)
Dipyridamole73.0077.40
Olanzapine59.0065.00

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Change in Negative Symptoms by Treatment Assignment

The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) total score, minus the global items, inappropriate affect, poverty of content of speech, and attention items, used to measure negative symptoms. Mean SANS total score by treatment and week. SANS total score range = 0-85. Higher scores indicate more severe negative symptoms. (NCT00349973)
Timeframe: Baseline and Follow-Up

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (Phase 1/Week 1)Follow-Up (Phase 4/Week 1)
Dipyridamole23.325.8
Olanzapine25.627.0

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Weight in Kilograms at Baseline, Weeks 1, 4, 6, and 8

Change in weight from baseline to endpoint in kilograms. Reported as weight in Kilograms at Baseline, Weeks 1, 4, 6, and 8 (NCT00384332)
Timeframe: 10 weeks

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
BaselineWeek 1Week 4Week 6Week 8
Arm 1- ODT76.077.477.878.979.1
Arm 2- SOT76.177.678.379.480.1

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Change From Baseline Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale

Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. Construct: Depression severity. Scores below represent mean change scores, endpoint minus baseline. Minimum total score: 0 (no depression). Maximum total score: 60 (severe depression). Lower (more negative) scores indicate a better outcome. There are no subscales. (NCT00384332)
Timeframe: 10 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Arm 1-15.5
Arm 2-15.5

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Change From Double-blind Baseline to Endpoint in Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)

The MADRS was assessed by an adequately trained clinician who did not provide psychotherapy or psycho-education to the patient. The scale consists of 10 items that cover all of the core depressive symptoms. Each item is scored from 0 to 6 and a total score is calculated by adding the scores of all 10 items. For each individual item as well as for the total score, a higher score represents a more severe condition. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Risperidone LAI5.1
Placebo6.1
Olanzapine2.0

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Change From Double-blind Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)

The 11-item YMRS was administered by an adequately trained clinician who did not provide psychotherapy or psycho-education to the patient. A severity rating was assigned to each of the items, based on the patient's subjective report of his or her condition over the previous 7 days or since the last visit (whichever was shorter) and the clinician's behavioral observations during the interview, with emphasis on the latter. The total YMRS score included the score of all 11 items ranging from 0 to 60, a higher score indicating a more severe condition. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Risperidone LAI2.9
Placebo8.0
Olanzapine1.7

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Time to Early Study Discontinuation for Any Reason

The robustness of the primary outcome analysis was tested by means of a sensitivity analysis: patients who discontinued the study during Period III for any reason were analyzed as having a recurrence of a mood episode at the time of their study discontinuation. The same survival analysis method as for the primary outcome was applied. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Risperidone LAI252.45
Placebo236.14
Olanzapine365.64

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Time to Recurrence of a Mood Episode (Exploratory/Olanzapine)

Recurrence was defined as for the risperidone LAI and placebo arms (meeting any of 5 criteria). Since the study was designed to compare the efficacy of risperidone LAI versus placebo, this olanzapine analysis was exploratory in nature. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Olanzapine414.04

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Time to Recurrence of an Elevated Mood (Hypomanic, Manic, or Mixed) Episode

Recurrences were classified as elevated mood or depressive by the investigator based on the patient's data at the time of the event. Time to recurrence of an elevated mood episode was estimated by means of the same survival analysis method as for the primary outcome. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Risperidone LAI357.41
Placebo323.14
Olanzapine448.03

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Time to Recurrence of a Mood Episode (Risperidone LAI Versus Placebo)

Recurrence was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and defined as meeting any of the following: DSM-IV-TR criteria for a hypomanic, manic, mixed, or depressive episode; in need of mood stabilizer, antipsychotic medication, benzodiazepine or antidepressant; requiring hospitalization for mood episode; either Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) >12 or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) >12 combined with Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) >=4; in need of increase in study medication dose or supplementation with oral risperidone or another antipsychotic or mood stabilizer. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Risperidone LAI293.39
Placebo270.47

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Time to Recurrence of a Depressive Episode

Recurrences were classified as elevated mood or depressive by the investigator based on the patient's data at the time of the event. Time to recurrence of a depressive episode was estimated by means of the same survival analysis method as for the primary outcome. (NCT00391222)
Timeframe: Assessed at every visit from the moment of randomization to a treatment arm (baseline Period III) until the end of treatment (Month 21 or earlier)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Risperidone LAI213.86
Placebo300.20
Olanzapine356.11

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Change From Baseline in the Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

PANSS is a medical scale that assesses various symptoms of schizophrenia. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The total score is the sum of all 30 PANSS items, with a range of 30 (absent) to 210 (extreme ill). (NCT00396565)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Paliperidone Extended Release (ER) (JNS007ER)-9.1
Placebo3.8
Olanzapine-9.9

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S)

The CGI-S rating scale is a 7-point global assessment with scores as follows: 1 - Not ill, 2 - Very Mild, 3 - Mild, 4 - Moderate, 5 - Marked, 6 - Severe, and 7 - Extremely Severe. (NCT00396565)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Paliperidone Extended Release (ER) (JNS007ER)-0.4
Placebo0.2
Olanzapine-0.3

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - General Psychopathology Subscale Score

The PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score assesses 16 general psychopathology symptoms. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 16 (absent) to 112 (extreme psychopathology). (NCT00396565)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Paliperidone Extended Release (ER) (JNS007ER)-4.1
Placebo2.2
Olanzapine-4.7

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score

The PANSS Negative Subscale assesses seven negative-symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). (NCT00396565)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Paliperidone Extended Release (ER) (JNS007ER)-2.4
Placebo0.0
Olanzapine-2.8

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score

The PANSS Positive Subscale assesses seven positive-symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology). (NCT00396565)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Paliperidone Extended Release (ER) (JNS007ER)-2.6
Placebo1.6
Olanzapine-2.4

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Proportion of Responders (≥30% Decrease in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS])

Responders are subjects with 30% or more reduction from baseline in total PANSS score. PANSS is a medical scale that assesses various symptoms of schizophrenia. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The total score is the sum of all 30 PANSS items, with a range of 30 (absent) to 210 (extreme ill). (NCT00396565)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Paliperidone Extended Release (ER) (JNS007ER)25.4
Placebo9.4
Olanzapine26.1

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Triglycerides

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionmillimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine1.580.33
Olanzapine + Amantadine1.610.35
Olanzapine + Metformin1.680.06

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionpercent hemoglobin A1c (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine5.510.09
Olanzapine + Amantadine5.480.10
Olanzapine + Metformin5.53-0.03

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionmillimole per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine3.020.16
Olanzapine + Amantadine3.06-0.04
Olanzapine + Metformin2.91-0.02

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Weight

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

Interventionkilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine2.76
Olanzapine + Amantadine2.40
Olanzapine + Metformin0.65

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Total Score

The BPRS is an 18-item clinician-administered scale used to assess the degree of severity of a subject's general psychopathological symptoms. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). The BPRS total score ranges from 18 to 126. (NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine48.24-13.89
Olanzapine + Amantadine45.90-9.90
Olanzapine + Metformin47.00-9.72

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Clinical Global Impression - Severity Scale (CGI-S)

Measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine4.06-0.98
Olanzapine + Amantadine4.03-0.72
Olanzapine + Metformin4.00-0.79

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score

The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine12.76-6.39
Olanzapine + Amantadine14.22-4.12
Olanzapine + Metformin15.40-4.36

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Correlations Between Weight Changes and Changes in Eating Inventory (EI) and Food Craving Inventory (FCI) at 2 Weeks and 22 Weeks

To understand the drivers of weight gain as indicated by the correlation between weight changes and changes in the Eating Inventory (EI) and Food Craving Inventory (FCI). The EI is a 51-item inventory that measures dietary restraint, disinhibition, and perceived hunger. The FCI is a 28-item instrument measuring the frequency over the past month of general cravings and cravings for specific types of foods, namely: high fats, sweets, carbohydrates/starches, and fast-food fats. Correlations were computed on the combined treatment groups. (NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,
Interventioncorrelation (Number)
EI: DisinhibitionEI: Cognitive RestraintEI: HungerFCI: Carbohydrates/Starches (N=186, N=141)FCI: Fast Food Fats (N=188, N=140)FCI: High Fats (N=186, N=138)FCI: Sweets (N=187, N=140)FCI: Total Score (N=184, N=137)
2 Weeks-0.034-0.273-0.1500.013-0.0190.0510.0220.039
22 Weeks0.285-0.0380.148-0.0640.0470.043-0.008-0.000

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Glucose

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionmillimole per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine5.320.26
Olanzapine + Amantadine5.250.10
Olanzapine + Metformin5.280.01

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionmillimole per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine1.25-0.00
Olanzapine + Amantadine1.26-0.11
Olanzapine + Metformin1.22-0.08

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Fasting Total Cholesterol

(NCT00401973)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (22 weeks)

,,
Interventionmillimole per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine5.010.36
Olanzapine + Amantadine5.030.01
Olanzapine + Metformin4.91-0.08

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Mean Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 (HAMD) Scores From Baseline to Endpoint.

The 21-item HAMD measures depression severity. Items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptoms not present) to a maximum of 2 to 4 (symptom extremely severe) for a total score range of 0 to 60. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine-9.37
Placebo-7.69

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Mean Change in Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Illness Severity (CGI-BP) From Baseline to Endpoint

CGI-BP Severity is used by the clinician to record the severity of illness at the time of assessment. The score ranges from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine-1.34
Placebo-1.06

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Clinically Significant Vital Signs - Percentage of Participants With Baseline-to-Endpoint Weight Increase of at Least Seven Percent (7%)

Percentages of participants in each group who experienced an increase in weight of at least 7% from baseline to endpoint. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine22
Placebo3

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Clinically Significant Vital Signs - Body Mass Index Change From Baseline

Change from baseline to endpoint in body mass index (an estimate of body fat derived by dividing body weight by height squared): Value of body mass index measure at endpoint minus value at baseline. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionkilograms per square meters (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine1.18
Placebo0.26

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Clinically Significant Vital Signs - Weight Change From Baseline

Change from baseline to endpoint: Value of weight measure at endpoint minus value at baseline. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionkilograms (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine3.34
Placebo0.70

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Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Bilirubin Total Change From Baseline

Change from baseline to endpoint in bilirubin total: Value of bilirubin total measure at endpoint minus value at baseline. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

,
Interventionmicromoles per Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine6.50-1.56
Placebo6.65-0.74

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Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Fasting Triglycerides Change From Baseline

Change from baseline to endpoint in triglycerides: Value of triglyceride measure at endpoint minus value at baseline. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine111.4622.91
Placebo139.7516.80

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Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Fasting Cholesterol Change From Baseline

Change from Baseline to endpoint in cholesterol: value of cholesterol measure at endpoint minus the value at baseline. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
Total Cholesterol BaselineTotal Cholesterol Change from BaselineLow Density Lipoprotein Baseline (N=62,N=64)Low Density Lipoprotein Change (N=62,N=64)High Density Lipoprotein BaselineHigh Density Lipoprotein Change from Baseline
Olanzapine191.37-7.80115.32-9.2253.76-3.24
Placebo192.25-8.72111.01-9.7751.48-1.22

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Clinically Significant Laboratory Values - Fasting Blood Glucose Change From Baseline

Change from baseline to endpoint in fasting blood glucose: Value of fasting blood glucose measure at endpoint minus value at baseline. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

,
Interventionmilligrams per deciliter (Mean)
BaselineChange from Baseline
Olanzapine91.816.93
Placebo91.90-0.55

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Number of Patients Hospitalized Due to Relapse of Mania or Depression.

Number of participants hospitalized as a result of relapse of mania or depression. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine1
Placebo0

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Number of Participants Meeting the Criteria for Mixed Response

The original outcome measure was Time to Mixed Response(at least a 50% reduction on HAMD and YMRS total scores from baseline); however since upper limit of measure of dispersion could not be computed by observed data, which is not allowed on this system, number of patients with event are presented instead. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine54
Placebo40

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Number of Participants Meeting the Criteria for Mixed Onset of Action

The original outcome measure was Time to Mixed Onset of Action (at least a 25% reduction on HAMD and YMRS total scores from baseline); however since upper limit of measure of dispersion could not be computed by observed data, which is not allowed on this system, number of patients with event are presented instead. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Olanzapine81
Placebo71

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Mean Change in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Scores From Baseline to Endpoint.

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00402324)
Timeframe: Baseline to endpoint (6 weeks)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine-10.15
Placebo-7.68

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Change in Non-HDL Cholesterol Level for Patients Assigned to Stay and Patients Assigned to Switch Over 24 Weeks

Change in non-HDL cholesterol measured at baseline and every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The efficacy analysis corresponded to a comparison of change in non-HDL cholesterol from baseline to 24 weeks between treatment groups (stay versus switch). Repeated measurements mixed effects linear models were fit for the primary analysis. (NCT00423878)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionmg/dL non-HDL cholesterol (Least Squares Mean)
Switch Group-20.2
Stay Group-10.8

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Efficacy Failure, Defined as Psychiatric Hospitalization, a 25 Percent Increase From Baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Substantial Clinical Deterioration on the Clinical Global Impressions-Change (CGI-C)

(NCT00423878)
Timeframe: Measured at Month 6

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Switch Group22
Stay Group18

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Triglycerides

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group80.198.73107.2115.4113.47

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Body Mass Index

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group22.123.524.224.324.6

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Cholesterol Total

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group163.2184.9186.5188.1188.1

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LDL

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group96.6115.07116.0116.0117.7

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Fasting Glucose

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group82.183.286.085.389.1

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HDL

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group49.850.149.749.748.4

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Hemoglobin A1c

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionpercentage (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group4.44.44.34.44.3

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IL-6

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group3.53.96.43.82.3

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Fasting Insulin

(NCT00446992)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 week intervals

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Open Trial Group9.712.110.511.110.7

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Clinical Global Impression - Bipolar Disorder - Severity of Illness (CGI-BP-S): Change From Baseline

The CGI-BP-S rating scale is used to rate the severity of bipolar disorder, including both depressed and manic components, on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (not ill) to 7 (very severely ill). This scale permits a global evaluation of the subject's bipolar condition at a given time. Negative Change in Score Indicates Improvement. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: From 1st randomization into acute phase to end of acute/continuation phase (ie, up to 15 weeks after 1st randomization), or from randomization into maintenance (MA) phase to the end of MA phase (ie, up to 175 weeks (or 41 months) after 2nd randomization).

InterventionScores on the scale (Median)
Paliperidone ER-2
Olanzapine-3
Pali/Placebo2
Pali/Pali0
Olan/Olan0

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Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): Change From Baseline

This scale is used when the clinical progress of a subject needs to be assessed in global terms, using a single measure. The GAF scale is rated with respect to psychological, social, and occupational functioning at the time of the assessment only. A higher score indicates a better functioning, with an overall range from 1 to 100. Positive Change in Score Indicates Improvement. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: From 1st randomization into acute phase to end of acute/continuation phase (ie, up to 15 weeks after 1st randomization), or from randomization into maintenance (MA) phase to the end of MA phase (ie, up to 175 weeks (or 41 months) after 2nd randomization).

InterventionScores on the scale (Mean)
Paliperidone ER19.6
Olanzapine20.8
Pali/Placebo-15.2
Pali/Pali-8.9
Olan/Olan-4.2

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Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)

The MADRS consists of 10 items covering all the important complaints which patient with depression have (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts). Item is scored from 0 (normal) to 6 (severe). Total score (0 to 60) is calculated by adding the scores of all 10 items. A higher score represents a more severe condition. Negative Change in Score Indicates Improvement. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: From 1st randomization into acute phase to end of acute/continuation phase (ie, up to 15 weeks after 1st randomization), or from randomization into maintenance (MA) phase to the end of MA phase (ie, up to 175 weeks (or 41 months) after 2nd randomization).

InterventionScores on the scale (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-2.7
Olanzapine-2.7
Pali/Placebo6.0
Pali/Pali6.1
Olan/Olan2.5

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Time to Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms Associated With Bipolar I Disorder

Pali/Pali and Pali/Placebo were compared with each other with respect to time to recurrence of depressive symptoms. The criterias used for this analysis were similar to criterias used for primary analysis. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: Date of randomization into the maintenance phase until the first occurrence of recurrence of depressive symptoms or discontinuation from the study, assessed over a period of 41 months.

InterventionDays (Number)
Pali/Placebo503.0
Pali/Pali448.0
Olan/OlanNA

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Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): Change From Baseline

This is method by which condition of patient suffering with mania is checked. In this scale patient's condition is assessed using 11 items. A severity rating is assigned to each of 11 items based on the how subject feels of his or her condition and the physicians observation of patients behavior. The range of the scale is 0 to 60. A higher score indicates a more severe condition. Change from baseline (Day 105) in the double-blind maintenance phase to the last postbaseline assessment. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: From 1st randomization into acute phase to end of acute/continuation phase (ie, up to 15 weeks after 1st randomization), or from randomization into maintenance (MA) phase to the end of MA phase (ie, up to 175 weeks (or 41 months) after 2nd randomization).

InterventionScores on the scale (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-19.2
Olanzapine-19.3
Pali/Placebo9.0
Pali/Pali4.2
Olan/Olan1.3

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Time to Recurrence of Manic Symptoms Associated With Bipolar I Disorder

This was the key secondary efficacy end-point. Pali/Pali and Pali/Placebo were compared with each other with respect to time to recurrence of manic symptoms. The criterias used for this analysis were similar to criterias used for primary analysis. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: Date of randomization into the maintenance phase until the first occurrence of recurrence of manic symptoms or discontinuation from the study, assessed over a period of 41 months.

,,
InterventionDays (Number)
25% Quantile of Time to RecurrenceMedian Time to Recurrence
Olan/OlanNANA
Pali/Pali498.0NA
Pali/Placebo194.0550.0

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Time to Recurrence of Any Mood Symptoms (Manic or Depressive) Associated With Bipolar I Disorder

Time to first recurrence of any mood symptoms (ie, manic or depressive) associated with bipolar I disorder during the maintenance phase, after maintaining clinical stability during continued treatment with paliperidone ER over a period of 15 weeks. The time period was from occurrence of acute manic or mixed episode to Week 15. This outcome was measured using combination of various scales, hospitalization for any mood symptoms, use of any medicines for an mood episode and clinical events suggestive of recurrent mood episode associated with bipolar I disorder. (NCT00490971)
Timeframe: Date of randomization into the maintenance phase until the first occurrence of recurrence of any symptoms or discontinuation from the study, assessed over a period of 41 months.

,,
InterventionDays (Number)
25% Quantile of Time to RecurrenceMedian Time to Recurrence
Olan/Olan541NA
Pali/Pali140.0558.0
Pali/Placebo85.0283.0

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Number of Participants Remaining on Metabolic Syndrome at Week 16

Metabolic syndrome is defined as the presence of at least 3 out of the following Adult Treatment Panel III-A (ATP III-A) criteria (all of which are to be assessed at the same visit): waist >102 cm in males, >88 cm in females; blood pressure (BP) systolic BP ≥130 or diastolic BP ≥85 mm Hg; fasting HDL <40 mg/dL in males, <50 mg/dL in females; fasting triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL, and/or the start of a treatment for any of the parameters of metabolic syndrome during the course of the study. (NCT00508157)
Timeframe: Week 16

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Control Group22
Aripiprazole16

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Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Fasting Non-high Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol at Week 16

Non-HDL cholesterol was calculated as fasting Total Cholesterol minus fasting HDL Cholesterol. (NCT00508157)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

Interventionpercent change (Mean)
Control Group10.06
Aripiprazole-2.3

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Clinical Global Impression

The score for each subject was the mean rating on the severity item. The score of the item ranged from 1 (normal) to 7 (among most severely ill). (NCT00509067)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Galantamine and CDP-choline Group4.3243.673.873.8
Placebo Group4.383.924.0443.68

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MATRICS Verbal Learning and Memory

The measure of verbal learning and memory is the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. The score for each subject is the sum of the total number of words recalled correctly for Trials 1, 2, and 3. The measure is the mean of these scores at baseline, Week 8, and Week 16. (NCT00509067)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Weeks 8 and 16

,
Interventionraw scores (Mean)
BaselineWeek 8Week 16
Galantamine and CDP-choline Group20.521.823.0
Placebo Group20.621.220.4

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Negative Symptoms Measured on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

The score for each subject was the sum of the ratings for five items on the negative-symptom subscale of the PANSS: 1) blunted affect, 2) emotional withdrawal, 3) poor rapport, 4) passive/apathetic social withdrawal, and 5) lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation. Each item (symptom) is rated on a scale from 1 = absence of negative symptom to 7 = extreme negative symptom. The sum of the ratings for the five items range from 5 to 35, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. The primary outcome measure is the mean of the sum of these ratings across subjects. (NCT00509067)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 4Week 8Week 12Week 16
Galantamine/CDP Choline17.6317.0613.9314.9313.93
Placebos for Galantamine/CDP Choline18.2917.0817.2617.3216.05

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Percentage of Participants With Psychotic Disorders and Mood Disorders With Psychotic Features at Endpoint on MINI Psychotic Disorders Module (Acute Phase)

In the MINI Psychotic Features Episode module, participants are asked a series of Yes/No questions to determine whether or not they are currently experiencing mood disorder with psychotic features or current psychotic disorders. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Mood Disorder with Psychotic FeaturesPsychotic Disorders
Olanzapine3.60.0
Placebo2.40.6

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Percentage of Participants With Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) At Endpoint As Measured by Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) (Acute Phase)

EPS symptoms measured by DIEPSS are grouped into 4 categories: parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia. Severity is assessed at 5 levels, from level 0 (none, normal) to level 4 (severe). For Parkinsonism, normal baseline is defined as a score not >=3 on 1 item nor >=2 on 2 items; abnormal endpoint is defined as a score >=3 on 1 item or >=2 on 2 items, or an increase of 3 on Parkinsonism total. Baseline akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia is defined as a score <2; abnormal endpoint is a score >=2 or an increase >= 2 from that baseline score. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Akathisia (N=335, 169)Dyskinesia (N=337, 169)Dystonia (N=337, 169)Parkinsonism (N=337, 169)
Olanzapine2.70.00.00.9
Placebo1.20.00.00.6

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Percentage of Participants With Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) at Endpoint As Measured by Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) (Open-Label Phase)

EPS symptoms measured by DIEPSS are grouped into 4 categories: parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia. Severity is assessed at 5 levels, from level 0 (none, normal) to level 4 (severe). For Parkinsonism, normal baseline is defined as a score not >=3 on 1 item nor >=2 on 2 items; abnormal endpoint is defined as a score >=3 on 1 item or >=2 on 2 items, or an increase of 3 on Parkinsonism total. Baseline akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia is defined as a score <2; abnormal endpoint is a score >=2 or an increase >= 2 from that baseline score. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Akathisia (N=378)Dyskinesia (N=385)Dystonia (N=385)Parkinsonism (N=385)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)0.80.30.01.0

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Percentage of Participants With Major Depressive Episode at Endpoint on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Depressive Episode Module (Acute Phase)

In the MINI Major Depressive Episode module, participants are asked a series of Yes/No questions to determine whether or not they are experiencing a major depressive episode or a major depressive episode with melancholic features. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Major Depressive EpisodeMajor Depressive Episode with Melancholic Features
Olanzapine55.577.8
Placebo60.474.1

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Percentage of Participants With Non-Alcohol Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder at Endpoint on MINI Substance Dependence/Abuse Module (Acute Phase)

In the MINI Substance Dependence and Abuse Module, participants are asked a series of Yes/No questions to determine whether or not they are currently experiencing symptoms indicating current non-alcohol substance use dependence or abuse. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
DependenceAbuse
Olanzapine0.00.0
Placebo0.00.0

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Percentage of Participants With High Suicidality at Endpoint (Open-Label Phase)

The MINI module C (MINI-C) is a rating scale for severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The MINI-C is composed of 12 Yes/No questions with variable scores assigned to each question. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher scores indicating a greater presence of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors. Based upon scores, suicidality is defined as Low (1-8), Medium (9-16), and High (>=17). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)1.3

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Percentage of Participants With Current Hypomanic Episode at Endpoint on MINI Manic Episode Module (Acute Phase)

In the MINI Manic Episode module, participants are asked a series of Yes/No questions to determine whether or not they are currently experiencing hypomanic or manic episodes. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine2.1
Placebo0.6

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Percentage of Participants With Emergence of Mania During the Study (Acute Phase)

Emergence of mania is defined as first occurrence of score of >=15 in the YMRS total score in the post-baseline period of Acute Phase. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline through Endpoint (Week 6)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine0.6
Placebo2.9

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Percentage of Participants With Emergence of Mania During the Study (Open-Label Phase)

Emergence of mania is defined as first occurrence of score of >=15 in the YMRS total score in the Open-Label Extension. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6) through Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)0.8

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Percentage of Participants With Recovery (Acute Phase)

Percentage of participants with recovery defined as a value of less than or equal to 12 in the MADRS total score for at least 4 weeks of post-baseline treatment. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline through Endpoint (Week 6 )

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine13.7
Placebo9.4

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Percentage of Participants With Recovery (Open-Label Phase)

Percentage of participants with recovery defined as a value of less than or equal to 12 in the MADRS total score for at least 4 weeks of post-baseline treatment. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6) through Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)69.9

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Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Remission At Any Time (Acute Phase)

Percentage of participants with symptomatic remission at any time as defined as a score of less than or equal to 12 in the MADRS total score. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline through Endpoint (Week 6)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine53.9
Placebo49.7

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Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Remission in the MADRS Total Score (Open-Label Phase)

Percentage of participants with symptomatic remission at any time as defined as a score of less than or equal to 12 in the MADRS total score. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6) through Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)85.1

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Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Response at Endpoint (Acute Phase)

Response is defined as a reduction (from baseline to endpoint) of 50% or more in the MADRS total score. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine52.5
Placebo43.3

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Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic Response in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating (MADRS) Depression Rating (Open-Label Phase)

The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). Response is defined as a reduction (from baseline to endpoint) of 50% or more in the MADRS total score. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6) through Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)43.7

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Alanine Amino Transferase/Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Aminotransferase/Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (AST/SGOT), Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionunits/Liter (Mean)
Baseline (ALT/SGPT)Change (ALT/SGPT)Baseline (AST/SGOT)Change (AST/SGOT)Baseline (GGT)Change (GGT)
Olanzapine21.688.3421.614.3124.875.36
Placebo21.180.0020.251.2623.63-1.21

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Albumin (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventiongram/Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine43.07-0.81
Placebo43.470.03

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Albumin and Total Protein (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventiongram/Liter (Mean)
Baseline- AlbuminChange- AlbuminBaseline- Total ProteinChange- Total Protein
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)42.640.5373.240.56

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Alkaline Phosphatase, Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK), GGT (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionunits/Liter (Mean)
Baseline- Alkaline PhosphataseChange- Alkaline PhosphataseBaseline- CPKChange- CPKBaseline- GGTChange- GGT
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)68.582.37107.36-1.7328.900.78

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Blood Pressure (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
InterventionmmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Mean)
Baseline- Standing Systolic (N=320, 159)Change- Standing Systolic (N=320, 159)Baseline- Sitting Systolic (N=340, 169)Change- Sitting Systolic (N=340, 169)Baseline- Standing Diastolic (N=320, 159)Change- Standing Diastolic (N=320, 159)Baseline- Sitting Diastolic (N=340, 169)Change- Sitting Diastolic (N=340, 169)Baseline- Orthostatic Change-Systolic (N=320, 159)Change- Orthostatic Change-Systolic (N=320, 159)Baseline- Orthostatic Change-Diastolic (N=320, 159Change- Orthostatic Change-Diastolic (N=320, 159)
Olanzapine112.39-0.99112.35-0.3674.77-0.4873.07-0.110.54-0.651.92-0.52
Placebo115.65-0.67114.390.0476.87-0.1473.920.391.21-0.452.96-0.47

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Blood Pressure (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmillimeters of mercury (Mean)
Baseline-Standing Diastolic (N=361)Change- Standing Diastolic (N=361)Baseline- Sitting Diastolic (N=383)Change- Sitting Diastolic (N=383)Baseline- Standing Systolic (N=361)Change- Standing Systolic (N=361)Baseline- Sitting Systolic (N=383)Change- Sitting Systolic (N=383)Baseline- Orthostatic Change-Diastolic (N=358)Change- Orthostatic Change- Diastolic (N=358)Baseline- Orthostatic Change- Systolic (N=358)Change- Orthostatic Change- Systolic (N=358)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)74.980.1573.32-0.03112.060.96112.260.271.750.160.190.65

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Chloride (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmillimole/Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)103.620.33

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Clinical Global Improvement- Bipolar (CGI-BP) Severity of Illness Scores-Mania, Depression, Overall Bipolar Illness Scores (Acute Phase)

CGI-BP is a measure of illness severity especially adapted for bipolar illness. It allows rating of mania, depression, and overall illness. The score ranges from 1 (normal, not ill) to 7 (very seriously ill). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline-ManiaChange-ManiaBaseline-DepressionChange-DepressionBaseline- OverallChange- Overall
Olanzapine1.070.004.54-1.454.45-1.40
Placebo1.110.094.53-1.204.44-1.08

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Creatinine (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmicromole/Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)67.482.05

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Direct Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin, Uric Acid (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionmicromole/Liter (Mean)
Baseline- Direct BilirubinChange- Direct BilirubinBaseline- Total BilirubinChange- Total BilirubinBaseline- Uric AcidChange- Uric Acid
Olanzapine2.45-0.219.74-0.68307.1919.55
Placebo2.400.129.420.47314.38-1.86

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in ECG (Open-Label Phase)

Time from electrocardiogram Q wave to the end of the T wave corresponding to electrical systole, fixed correction factor (QTcF interval); Bazett-Corrected QT Interval (QTcB interval). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmilliseconds (Mean)
Baseline- QTcFChange- QTcFBaseline- QTcBChange- QTcB
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)410.091.80421.721.76

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Erythrocyte Count (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventiontrillion cells per liter ( TRIL/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine4.65-0.05
Placebo4.710.02

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Erythrocyte Count (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventiontrillion cells per liter (Tril/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)4.640.03

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Glucose and Lipids (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionmillimole/Liter (Mean)
Baseline- Fasting Glucose (N=320, 155)Change- Fasting Glucose (N=320, 155)Baseline- Cholesterol (N=329, 160)Change- Cholesterol (N=329, 160)Baseline-Triglycerides (N=329, 160)Change- Triglycerides (N=329, 160)Baseline- LDL Cholesterol (N=328, 159)Change- LDL Cholesterol (N=328, 159)Baseline- HDL Cholesterol (N=329, 160)Change- HDL Cholesterol (N=329, 160)
Olanzapine5.110.104.830.241.390.262.770.171.43-0.03
Placebo5.120.024.81-0.071.340.032.83-0.091.360.02

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Glucose and Lipids (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol) (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmillimole/Liter (Mean)
Baseline- Fasting Glucose (N=375)Change- Fasting Glucose (N=375)Baseline- Cholesterol (N=380)Change- Cholesterol (N=380)Baseline- Triglycerides (N=380)Change- Triglycerides (N=380)Baseline- LDL Cholesterol (N=378)Change- LDL Cholesterol (N=378)Baseline- HDL Cholesterol (N=380)Change- HDL Cholesterol (N=380)
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)5.200.064.960.051.550.102.880.061.39-0.05

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) Total Score (Acute Phase)

The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine22.62-11.44
Placebo22.35-9.12

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Heart Rate (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine69.633.49
Placebo70.510.87

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Heart Rate (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)71.850.06

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hematocrit (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionproportion of blood volume (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine0.42-0.01
Placebo0.430.00

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionmillimole/Liter of iron (Fe) (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine8.65-0.11
Placebo8.730.05

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmillimole/Liter of iron (Fe) (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)8.610.04

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Hemoglobin A1c (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionpercent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine5.340.04
Placebo5.37-0.03

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in MINI Suicidality Total Scores (Acute Phase)

The MINI module C (MINI-C) is a rating scale for severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The MINI-C is composed of 12 Yes/No questions with variable scores assigned to each question. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher scores indicating a greater presence of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine2.09-0.42
Placebo2.40-0.59

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score (Acute Phase)

The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine29.36-14.26
Placebo28.69-11.71

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Platelet Count (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionbillion cells per liter (BILL/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)257.96-4.56

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Prolactin (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionmicrogram/Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine15.4012.07
Placebo15.86-1.18

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Prolactin (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmicrogram/Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)21.64-3.41

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Uric Acid (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionmicromole/Liter (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)324.7414.73

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Urinalysis (UA)- Specific Gravity (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionratio (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine1.02-0.00
Placebo1.020.00

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Weight (Acute Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionkilograms (Mean)
BaselineEndpoint
Olanzapine66.112.45
Placebo68.30-0.13

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Weight (Open-Label Phase)

(NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/ Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)68.312.27

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score (Acute Phase)

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine2.14-0.78
Placebo1.950.31

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Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score (Open-Label Phase)

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6), Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)1.11-0.03

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Change in Electrocardiogram (ECG) From Baseline to Endpoint (Acute Phase)

Time from electrocardiogram Q wave to the end of the T wave corresponding to electrical systole, fixed correction factor (QTcF interval); Bazett-Corrected QT Interval (QTcB interval). (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionmilliseconds (Mean)
Baseline- QTcFChange- QTcFBaseline- QTcBChange- QTcB
Olanzapine406.852.82415.796.58
Placebo408.100.50418.421.21

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (Acute Phase)

Please refer to the Adverse Event overview for details regarding adverse events and serious adverse events. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 6 (Acute Phase)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
SeriousNon-Serious
Olanzapine6238
Placebo788

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (Open-Label Phase)

Please refer to the Adverse Event overview for details regarding adverse events and serious adverse events. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Baseline (End of Acute Phase/Week 6) through Endpoint (Week 24)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
SeriousNon-Serious
Olanzapine (Open-label Treatment Period)14209

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Percentage of Participants With Alcohol Dependence and Abuse at Endpoint on MINI Alcohol Dependence/Abuse Module (Acute Phase)

In the MINI Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Module, participants are asked a series of Yes/No questions to determine whether or not they are currently experiencing symptoms indicating current alcohol dependence or abuse. (NCT00510146)
Timeframe: Endpoint (Week 6)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
DependenceAbuse
Olanzapine0.60.6
Placebo0.60.0

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DEXA Total Fat

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would increase total body fat, as measured by whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. (NCT00515723)
Timeframe: The relevant time points include baseline, week 6 and week 12.

,,,,
Interventionkilograms of body fat (Mean)
Baseline6 Weeks12 Weeks
Olanzapine32.2434.3835.45
Quetiapine28.8329.6030.10
Risperidone27.6628.2929.23
Total30.2531.0531.52
Ziprasidone31.6031.1830.66

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Clamp Derived Insulin Sensitivity (mg/kg/Min)

This study hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment would decrease insulin sensitivity, with larger adverse effects for olanzapine. Insulin sensitivity describes how sensitive the body is to the effects of insulin. (NCT00515723)
Timeframe: The relevant time points include baseline and week 12.

,,,,
Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Olanzapine4.393.62
Quetiapine5.285.08
Risperidone5.535.01
Total4.824.50
Ziprasidone4.334.45

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Change in Total PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)Score From Baseline to the End of the Double Blind Treatment Period.

The PANSS is a 30-item rating instrument evaluating the presence/absence and severity of positive, negative and general psychopathology of schizophrenia. The scale was developed from the BPRS and the Psychopathology Rating Scale. All 30 items are rated on a 7-point scale (1=absent; 7=extreme). The total score can range from 30 to 210. Lower scores represent less severity of illness. (NCT00615433)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
40mg-25.7
120mg-23.6
15mg Olz-28.7
Placebo-16.0

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CGI-S (Clinical Global Impression - Severity) Change From Baseline to the End of the Double-blind Treatment.

The CGI-S is a clinician-rated assessment of the subject's current illness state on a 7-point scale, where a higher score is associated with greater illness severity. (NCT00615433)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

Interventionscale (Least Squares Mean)
40mg-1.5
120mg-1.4
15mg Olz-1.5
Placebo-1.1

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Change From Baseline in Prolactin at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

(NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionmicrogram/Liter (Mean)
Pre-Olanzapine-1.669
Pre-Placebo-0.388
New Olanzapine3.383

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Change From Baseline in Glucose and Lipid Panel at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

(NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

,,
Interventionmillimole/Liter (Mean)
Glucose, FastingCholesterolLow-density lipoprotein ( LDL) CholesterolHigh-density lipoprotein ( HDL) CholesterolTriglycerides
New Olanzapine0.680.0860.008-0.0740.382
Pre-Olanzapine0.030.0330.141-0.036-0.108
Pre-Placebo0.370.040-0.034-0.0460.485

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

HbA1c is a test that measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin in the blood over prolonged periods of time. (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionpercentage of glycated hemoglobin (Mean)
Pre-Olanzapine-0.016
Pre-Placebo0.036
New Olanzapine0.180

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Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pre-Olanzapine-0.2
Pre-Placebo-0.4
New Olanzapine-5.8

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Change From Baseline to in QTcF at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

Time from electrocardiogram Q wave to the end of the T wave corresponding to electrical systole, fixed correction factor (QTcF interval) (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionmillisecond (msec) (Mean)
Pre-Olanzapine-1.7
Pre-Placebo-8.5
New Olanzapine-3.4

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events Leading to Discontinuation

An adverse event (AE) is an untoward medical event associated with the use of the study drug or study procedure, whether or not it is considered related to the study drug or study procedure. Results presented are the percentage of participants who experienced an adverse event that resulted in the discontinuation of the study. (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pre-Olanzapine7.1
Pre-Placebo12.0
New Olanzapine40.0

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Percentage of Participants With Emergence of Mania at Week 24 or Week 48

Emergence of mania is defined as first occurrence of score of >=15 in the YMRS total score in the post-baseline period of Acute Phase. The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pre-Olanzapine0
Pre-Placebo0
New Olanzapine0

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Percentage of Participants With High Suicidality at Week 24 or Week 48

The MINI module C (MINI-C) is a rating scale for severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The MINI-C is composed of 12 Yes/No questions with variable scores assigned to each question. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher scores indicating a greater presence of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors. Based upon scores, suicidality is defined as Low (1-8), Medium (9-16), and High (>=17). (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Pre-Olanzapine3.6
Pre-Placebo0
New Olanzapine0

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Percentage of Participants With Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) at Week 24 or Week 48

EPS symptoms measured by DIEPSS are grouped into 4 categories: Parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia. Severity ranges from level 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). A participant is deemed to have EPS at endpoint if they have an abnormal endpoint. Normal baseline Parkinsonism is defined as a score not ≥3 on 1 item or ≥2 on 2 items; abnormal endpoint is a score ≥3 on 1 item or ≥2 on 2 items, or an increase of 3 on Parkinsonism total. Normal baseline akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia is defined as a score <2; abnormal endpoint is a score ≥2 or an increase ≥2 from that baseline score. (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
AkathisiaDyskinesiaDystoniaParkinsonism
New Olanzapine0005.0
Pre-Olanzapine0003.6
Pre-Placebo0000

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Improvement- Bipolar (CGI-BP) at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

CGI-BP is a measure of illness severity especially adapted for bipolar illness. It allows rating of mania, depression, and overall illness. The scores for mania, depression, and overall illness each range from 1 (normal, not ill) to 7 (very seriously ill). (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

,,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
CGI-BP ManiaCGI-BP DepressionCGI-BP Overall Bipolar Illness
New Olanzapine0.1-1.1-0.9
Pre-Olanzapine-0.1-0.3-0.3
Pre-Placebo0.1-0.0-0.1

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Change From Baseline in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pre-Olanzapine0.4
Pre-Placebo-0.2
New Olanzapine-0.1

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Change From Baseline in Weight at Week 24 or Week 48 Endpoint

(NCT00618748)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks (pre-olanzapine and pre-placebo) or 48 weeks (new olanzapine)

Interventionkilograms (Mean)
Pre-Olanzapine0.29
Pre-Placebo0.92
New Olanzapine5.36

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Number of Participants With Scores of 4 to 7 in the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) at Each Timepoint

The ACES differentiates agitation, calmness, and sleep-state, using a 9-point scale: 1 (Marked Agitation) to 9 (Unarousable). Scores of 4 (Normal) to 7 (Marked Calmness) were used for this outcome measure. (NCT00640510)
Timeframe: 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 2 hours post first IM injection

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
30 Minutes60 Minutes90 Minutes2 Hours
IM Olanzapine 10mg1123
IM Placebo1122

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Change From Baseline to Each Timepoint in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC)

Measures excitability and consists of the following 5 items from the PANSS: Excitement, Hostility, Tension, Uncooperativeness, and Poor Impulse Control. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (Absent) to 7 (Extreme). The sum of the 5 items is defined as the PANSS-EC total score which ranges from 5 to 35. (NCT00640510)
Timeframe: 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min post first IM injection

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change from Baseline to 15 minutesChange from Baseline to 30 minutesChange from Baseline to 60 minutesChange from Baseline to 90 minutes
IM Olanzapine 10mg-1.2-2.9-3.8-5.1
IM Placebo-1.2-2.4-3.4-4.6

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Number of Responders at 2 Hours After First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

A responder was defined ast he patient with ≥ 40% decrease in the PANSS-EC total score at 2 hours after the first IM injection in comparison with baseline. (See outcome measure 1 for description of PANSS-EC). (NCT00640510)
Timeframe: 2 hours post first IM injection

Interventionparticipants (Number)
IM Olanzapine 10mg3
IM Placebo4

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Change From Baseline to 2 Hours Post the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC)

Measures excitability and consists of the following 5 items from the PANSS: Excitement, Hostility, Tension, Uncooperativeness, and Poor Impulse Control. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (Absent) to 7 (Extreme). The sum of the 5 items is defined as the PANSS-EC total score which ranges from 5 to 35. (NCT00640510)
Timeframe: 2 hours post first intramuscular (IM) injection

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
IM Olanzapine 10mg-4.7
IM Placebo-4.6

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Change From Baseline at End Point in Body Weight

Patients were weighed lightly clothed. The same amount of clothing had to be worn each time. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionkg (Mean)
Paliperidone ER1.16
Olanzapine3.81

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Change From Baseline at End Point in Waist Circumference

Patients had to be instructed to stand erect with abdomen relaxed, arms at sides, feet together, and weight divided equally over both legs. The tape measure was placed around the bare abdomen midway between the palpated iliac crest and the palpated lowest rib margin in the left and right mid-axillary lines. A nonstretchable tape was evenly placed around the natural waist covering the left and right natural-waist marks. The measurement scale had to face outward, and there could not be any twists in the tape. The tape had to be just touching the skin but not compressing the soft tissue. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventioncm (Mean)
Paliperidone ER0.70
Olanzapine3.38

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Change From Baseline at End Point of Mari-Type Analysis of Glucose Sensitivity for Insulin

As another measure of beta-cell function, the relationship between plasma insulin and glucose concentrations during the OGTT was calculated using a simplified version of the method described by Mari et al. (Mari A, Sallas WM, He YL, Watson C, Ligueros-Saylan M, Dunning BE, Deacon CF, Holst JJ, Foley JE. Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves model-assessed beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90:4888-4894.). (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

InterventionpM/mM (Mean)
Paliperidone ER8.63
Olanzapine17.28

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Change From Baseline at End Point of the Insulinogenic Index

The insulinogenic index, defined as (insulin at 30 min - insulin at 0)/(glucose at 30 min [G(30)] - glucose at 0 [G(0)]) was used as a measure of early insulin secretion in response to the OGTT. Because the index is undefined when G(30)-G(0)=0, and poorly defined when G(30)-G(0)<0, the index was only calculated when G(30)>G(0). (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

InterventionpM/mM (Mean)
Paliperidone ER2.21
Olanzapine33.78

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Converted Insulin

The insulin level was assessed under fasted conditions. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
Paliperidone ER2.7397
Olanzapine17.2327

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Fasting Glucose

(NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-0.2071
Olanzapine0.0769

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Change From Baseline to End Point in High Density Lipoprotein

The HDL level was assessed under fasted conditions. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Paliperidone ER0.01
Olanzapine-0.04

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Homeastatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)

HOMA-IR is used to assess insulin resistance (IR). HOMA-IR is a dimensionless measure of insulin resistance (higher values present more insulin resistance. HOMA-IR are normalized so that lean, healthy individuals will have values of HOMA-IR close to 1. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventiondimensionless (Mean)
Paliperidone ER0.28
Olanzapine0.43

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell Function (HOMA-%B)

"HOMA-%B is used to assess beta-cell function. HOMA-%B is a dimensionless measure of beta-cell function (higher values present increased insulin secretion for a given glucose level).~HOMA-%B is normalized so that lean, healthy individuals will have values of HOMA-%B close to 100%." (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventiondimensionless (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-7.54
Olanzapine18.82

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Friedwald QT)

The level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated using the Friedwald QT formula. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-0.0029
Olanzapine0.1892

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Change From Baseline to End Point in the Triglycerides (TG) to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Ratio (TG:HDL Ratio)

Plasma fasting TG and HDL concentrations were measured to determine the TG:HDL ratio. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

InterventionRatio (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-0.08
Olanzapine0.42

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Total Cholesterol

The total cholesterol level was assessed under fasted conditions. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Paliperidone ER0.0263
Olanzapine0.2886

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Score (PANSS)

PANSS is an investigator-rated 30-item scale to assess the neuropsychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. The PANSS provided a total score and scores for 3 subscales, the positive subscale (7 items), the negative subscale (7 items), and the general psychopathology subscale (16 items), each rated on a scale of 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme). (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionpoints on a scale (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-13.50
Olanzapine-16.60

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Change From Baseline to End Point in Triglycerides

The TG level was assessed under fasted conditions. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Paliperidone ER-0.01
Olanzapine0.36

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Number of Patients First Meeting the NCEP/ATP III Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome During Follow-up

"Metabolic syndrome is defined according the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on~Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP/ATPIII) of which 3 out of 5 criteria must be met:~waist circumference men > 102 cm; waist circumference women > 88 cm~TG ≥ 150 mg/dL~HDL cholesterol men <40 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol women <50 mg/dL~Blood pressure systolic ≥ 130 mmHg; Blood pressure diastolic ≥ 85 mmHg~Fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg /dL" (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Paliperidone ER23
Olanzapine38

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Number of Patients Meeting the Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During Follow-up

Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or 2-hour post-load plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or initiated use of glucose-lowering agents during the course of the study. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Paliperidone ER21
Olanzapine23

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Number of Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose

Post-baseline glucose level under fasted conditions ≥100 mg/dL but <126 mg/dL. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Paliperidone ER68
Olanzapine66

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Number of Patients With Onset of Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Glucose ≥140 mg/dL, <200 mg/dL after a 75g OGTT. (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Paliperidone ER36
Olanzapine33

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Change From Baseline at End Point in Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI is calculated by dividing the body weight (in kg) by the square of height (in meters). (NCT00645099)
Timeframe: Baseline to End Point (up to 6 months)

Interventionkg/m² (Mean)
Paliperidone ER0.43
Olanzapine1.32

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Change From Baseline in Weight (Lbs.) at 12 Weeks

This study looked at change in weight before and after medication use. (NCT00685334)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionlbs (Mean)
Olanzapine2.2
Aripiprazole-1.2

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Tolerability

This study addressed the benefits, tolerability, acceptability, safety, and appropriate dosage of olanzapine and aripiprazole, as determined by clinical evaluation and self report. The outcome measure reported here is the number of patients who did not experience untoward side effects while taking the medication. (NCT00685334)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 12

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Olanzapine8
Aripiprazole9

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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score Change From Baseline

PANSS total score, sum of 30 item scores (each on a 0 to 7 scale), assesses positive and negative symptoms of psychopathology on a continuous scale from 0 (the best) to 210 (the worst). Day 28 value was calculated using last observation carried forward (LOCF). Change from baseline was calculated as Day 28 value minus baseline value. (NCT00686998)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

InterventionPoints on a scale (Mean)
AZD26241.40
Placebo4.51
Olanzapine-8.79

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Symptom Severity Assessed by Yale Brown Cornell-Eating Disorders Scale

The Yale Brown Cornell-Eating Disorders Scale was used.This scale assesses severity of preoccupations and rituals. There are 8 questions that can be scored between 0-4 to indicate severity of symptoms, with 0 representing less severe and 4 representing most severe symptoms. The scores were summed, with possible results totaling 0-32. (NCT00692185)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 8

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine19.4
Placebo18.9

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Weight Gain

(NCT00692185)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 8

Interventionlbs (Mean)
Olanzapine6.2
Placebo1.5

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Systolic Blood Pressure

Systolic Blood Pressure (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo113.3
Olanzapine111.7

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Plasma Leptin

Leptin following placebo or olanzapine treatment (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
Placebo6.8
Olanzapine8.4

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Plasma Free Fatty Acid

Plasma Free Fatty Acid (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

InterventionmM (Mean)
Placebo0.38
Olanzapine0.26

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Diastolic Blood Pressure

Diastolic Blood Pressure (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Placebo68.3
Olanzapine69.5

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Oral Glucose Tolerance

Oral Glucose Tolerance (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionmin*mg/dl (Mean)
Placebo2808
Olanzapine3984

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LDL Cholesterol

LDL Cholesterol (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Placebo82.7
Olanzapine81.7

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Heart Rate

Heart Rate (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
Placebo69.9
Olanzapine67.6

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Body Weight

Body Weight (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionkg (Mean)
Placebo68.2
Olanzapine68.9

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BMI

BMI (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionkg / m2 (Mean)
Placebo23.0
Olanzapine23.0

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HDL Cholesterol

HDL Cholesterol (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Placebo54.2
Olanzapine48.9

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Triglycerides

Triglycerides (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Placebo88.9
Olanzapine108.2

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Total Cholesterol

Total Cholesterol (NCT00741026)
Timeframe: 3 Days

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Placebo156.8
Olanzapine152.6

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Drinks Per Drinking Day

"Drinks are measured as the number of standard alcoholic beverages consumed each day, assessed in varying lengths of time (i.e., 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, etc.). A standard alcoholic beverage is equivalent to: 1, 12 oz. regular beer; 1, 5 oz. glass of wine; 1, mixed drink with one1.5 oz shot; or 1, 1.5 oz shot. A drinking day is measured as any day of the week in which an alcoholic beverage is consumed. Data for drinks per drinking day is gathered using the Time Line Follow Back method in which participants are asked to recall their alcohol consumption day by day for a pre-defined set of time." (NCT00746785)
Timeframe: up to 36 weeks

InterventionDrinks per drinking day (Mean)
A - 2.5 mg Olanzapine8.7
B - 5 mg Olanzapine8.9
C - Placebo9.2

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Change of the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) Score From Baseline to 120 Minutes After 1st Injection

Agitation was further assessed by the Agitation Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) (Copyright 1998, Eli Lilly and Company), a single-item scale developed by Eli Lilly and Company on which 1 indicates marked agitation; 2, moderate agitation; 3, mild agitation; 4, normal; 5, mild calmness; 6, moderate calmness; 7, marked calmness; 8, deep sleep; and 9, unable to be aroused. (NCT00797277)
Timeframe: from baseline to 120 minutes after first injection

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
1. IM Olanzapine2.14
2. IM Haloperidol Pus Lorazepam2.23

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The Change of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Score From Baseline to 120 Minutes After First Injection

The primary efficacy measure was PANSS-EC, which was derived from the PANSS by its originators using a principal-components factor analysis, and includes the items of tension, uncooperativeness, hostility, poor impulse control and excitement.22 The score of each item ranges from 1 (normal) to 7 (most severe), with a total sum score ranging from 5 to 35. The changes in PANSS-EC from baseline to 2 hours after the first injection were compared. (NCT00797277)
Timeframe: from baseline to 120 minutes after first injection

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
1. IM Olanzapine-10.2
2. IM Haloperidol Plus Lorazepam-9.9

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Feasibility of Randomizing a Cohort of Participants Meeting the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of the Study

Goal was to randomize 60 participants who met eligibility criteria. (NCT00802100)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Overall Study21

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Antipsychotic Efficacy, Defined as Completion of the Trial Without Psychiatric Hospitalization, Clinician Decision to Discontinue Treatment, or Patient Decision to Discontinue Treatment

(NCT00802100)
Timeframe: Measured over 28 weeks of study visits

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
InefficacyUnacceptable side effectsPatient refusalDrop-out, no information availableAdministrativeCompleted trial without discontinuing
Aripiprazole100032
Olanzapine003210
Perphenazine100152

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Triglyceride Levels

(NCT00806234)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 24 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Healthy Lifestyle Information0.2
Switch Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction16.6
Metformin Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction14.7

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Change in Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index

(NCT00806234)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 24 weeks

InterventionmU/L (Least Squares Mean)
Healthy Lifestyle Information0.74
Switch Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction0.42
Metformin Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction-0.34

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Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score Change

(NCT00806234)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 24 weeks

InterventionZ Score (Least Squares Mean)
Healthy Lifestyle Information0.040
Switch Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction-0.112
Metformin Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction-0.088

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Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Level

(NCT00806234)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Healthy Lifestyle Information3.6
Switch Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction-8.1
Metformin Treatment + Healthy Lifestyle Instruction-4.1

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Mean Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-S) at Week 4

CGI-S is a commonly used measure of symptom severity in treatment studies of participants with mental disorders. CGI-S is a 7-point scale that requires the clinician to rate the severity of the participant's illness at the time of assessment, relative to the clinician's past experience with participants who have the same diagnosis. Considering total clinical experience, a participant is assessed on severity of mental illness at the time of rating 1 = normal, not at all ill; 2 = borderline mentally ill; 3 = mildly ill; 4 = moderately ill; 5 = markedly ill; 6 = severely ill; or 7 = extremely ill. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
MK-8998-0.9
Olanzapine-0.8
Placebo Comparator-0.9

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Mean Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Subscale at Week 4

PANSS Negative scale assesses emotional withdrawal, lack of motivation, and similar symptoms. The Negative scale has 7 items with an anchored Likert scale from 1 to 7 to score each item. Values of 2 and above indicate the presence of progressively more severe symptoms. A total score ranges from 7 to 49. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
MK-8998-3.3
Olanzapine-3.1
Placebo Comparator-2.9

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Mean Change From Baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at Week 4

PANSS is a medical scale used for measuring symptom severity of participants with schizophrenia. PANSS measure is composed of 3 scales: Positive scale, Negative scale, and General Psychopathology scale. Positive scale assesses hallucinations, delusions and related symptoms; Negative scale assesses emotional withdrawal, lack of motivation, and similar symptoms; and General Psychopathology scale addresses other symptoms such as anxiety, somatic concern and disorientation. The PANSS has 30 items in its 3 scales and an anchored Likert scale from 1 to 7 is used to score each item. Values of 2 and above indicate the presence of progressively more severe symptoms. The Positive scale has 7 items with a score from 7 to 49, the Negative scale has 7 items with a score from 7 to 49, and the General Psychopathology scale has 16 items with a score from 16 to 112. A total score is the sum of the 3 scores for the 3 scales. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
MK-8998-13.3
Olanzapine-17.0
Placebo Comparator-12.7

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Percentage of Participants With Response at Week 4

Responders were defined as participants who demonstrated ≥ 20% improvement from baseline on the PANSS total score. PANSS measure is composed of 3 scales: Positive scale, Negative scale, and General Psychopathology scale. Positive scale assesses hallucinations, delusions and related symptoms; Negative scale assesses emotional withdrawal, lack of motivation, and similar symptoms; and General Psychopathology scale addresses other symptoms such as anxiety, somatic concern and disorientation. The PANSS has 30 items in its 3 scales and an anchored Likert scale from 1 to 7 is used to score each item. Values of 2 and above indicate the presence of progressively more severe symptoms. The Positive scale has 7 items with a score from 7 to 49, the Negative scale has 7 items with a score from 7 to 49, and the General Psychopathology scale has 16 items with a score from 16 to 112. A total score is the sum of the 3 scores for the 3 scales. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Week 4

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-899857.4
Olanzapine66.7
Placebo Comparator48.3

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Number of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event

An adverse event (AE) is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the study drug. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Up to 6 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
MK-899841
Olanzapine23
Placebo Comparator33

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Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the study drug. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Up to 4 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
MK-89989
Olanzapine1
Placebo Comparator1

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Mean Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Subscale at Week 4

PANSS Positive scale assesses hallucinations, delusions and related symptoms. The Positive scale has 7 items with an anchored Likert scale from 1 to 7 to score each item. Values of 2 and above indicate the presence of progressively more severe symptoms. A total score ranges from 7 to 49. (NCT00827918)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
MK-8998-4.2
Olanzapine-5.6
Placebo Comparator-4.2

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Change From Baseline in Weight Up to Week 8

Weight LS mean was adjusted for baseline and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination4.37
Placebo0.50

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Change From Baseline in the YMRS Total Score at Week 8

The YMRS is an 11-item scale measuring the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total scores ranges: 0 to 60. LS mean was adjusted for baseline, country, treatment, visit, and treatment * visit interaction. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination-2.02
Placebo-1.57

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Change From Baseline in the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KINDL) Parent Scale Up to Week 8

The KINDL consists of 24 Likert-scale items. Total scores were standardized to a 0 (lowest quality of life) to 100 (highest quality of life). LS mean was adjusted for baseline, country, and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination15.98
Placebo10.88

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Change From Baseline in the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KINDL) Kid and Kiddo Combined Scale Up to Week 8

The KINDL consists of 24 Likert-scale items. Kid-KINDL was administered to ages 8-11 and Kiddo-KINDL to ages 12-16. Total scores were standardized to a 0 (lowest quality of life) to 100 (highest quality of life). LS mean was adjusted for baseline, country, and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination12.83
Placebo7.91

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Change From Baseline in the Clinical Global Impression Scale - Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) Score at Week 8

CGI-BP measures severity of illness for bipolar illness. Scores range: 1 (normal, not ill at all) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). LS mean was adjusted for baseline, country, treatment, visit, and treatment * visit interaction. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination-2.21
Placebo-1.83

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Change From Baseline in the Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R) Total Score at Week 8

CDRS-R Total score measures the presence and severity of depression in children. The scale consists of 17 items scored on a 1-to-5- or 1-to-7-point scale. A rating of 1 indicates normal functioning. Total scores range from 17 to 113. In general, scores below 20 indicate an absence of depression, scores of 20 to 30 indicate borderline depression, and scores of 40 to 60 indicate moderate depression. Least Square (LS) mean was adjusted for baseline, country, treatment, visit, and treatment times (*) visit interaction. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination-28.43
Placebo-23.40

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Change From Baseline in Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Up to Week 8

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version (ADHDRS-IV-PI): Investigator Administered and Scored measures the 18 symptoms contained in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Individual item scores range from 0 (none/never or rarely) to 3 (severe/very often). Scores range: 0 to 54. The LS mean was adjusted for baseline and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination-4.31
Placebo-3.57

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Change From Baseline in Prolactin Up to Week 8

Prolactin LS mean was adjusted for baseline and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionmicrogram/Liter (μg/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination8.66
Placebo0.70

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Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram (ECG) QTcF Interval Up to Week 8

QTcF is defined as ECG QT interval corrected for heart rate using the Fridericia correction factor. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionmillisecond (msec) (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination8.19
Placebo-1.07

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Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase/Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) Up to Week 8

ALT/SGPT LS mean was adjusted for baseline and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits/Liter (U/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination7.63
Placebo0.46

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Change From Baseline in the CDRS-R Total Score Up to Week 8

CDRS-R Total score measure the presence and severity of depression in children and consists of 17 items scored on a 1-to-5- or 1-to-7-point scale. Rating of 1 indicates normal function. Total scores range from 17 to 113. In general, scores < 20 indicate an absence of depression, scores of 20 to 30 indicate borderline depression, and scores of 40 to 60 indicate moderate depression. LS mean was adjusted for baseline, country, and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination-28.57
Placebo-23.38

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent Suicidal Ideation or Behavior Up to Week 8

"Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) captures occurrence, severity, and frequency of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Percentage of participants with suicidal ideation, behavior, and acts are provided. Suicidal ideation: a yes answer to any 1 of 5 suicidal ideation questions, which includes wish to be dead, and 4 different categories of active suicidal ideation. Suicidal behavior: a yes answer to any of 5 suicidal behavior questions: preparatory acts or behavior, aborted attempt, interrupted attempt, actual attempt, and completed suicide. Suicidal act: a yes answer to actual attempt or completed suicide." (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Total Suicidal Ideation (1 - 5)Total Suicidal Behavior (6 - 10)Total Suicidal Ideation or Behavior (1 - 10)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination10.61.810.6
Placebo15.52.415.5

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Percentage of Participants in Each Improvement Category Up to Week 8

CDRS-R scores: No/low improvement is < 25 percent (%) of maximum reduction from baseline. Mild improvement: maximum reduction from baseline on CDRS-R score ≥ 25% up to <50% and YMRS elevated mood score ≤ 2. Moderate improvement: maximum reduction from baseline on CDRS-R score ≥50% and <75% and YMRS elevated mood score ≤ 2. Major improvement: maximum reduction from baseline on CDRS-R score ≥75% and YMRS elevated mood score ≤ 2. CDRS-R measures presence/severity of depression in children. Scale is 17 items scored 1-to-5- or 1-to-7. Rating of 1 indicates normal function. Scores range: 17 to 113. Scores < 20 absence of depression, scores 20 to 30 borderline depression, scores 40 to 60 indicate moderate depression. YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures severity of manic episodes. Four items rated 0 (symptoms not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). Remaining items rated 0 (symptoms not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). Score range: 0 to 60. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
No or Low ImprovementMild ImprovementModerate ImprovementMajor Improvement
Olanzapine Plus Fluoxetine Combination12.89.021.856.4
Placebo22.418.418.440.8

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Metabolic Parameters Up to Week 8

Fasting glucose, fasting cholesterol and fasting triglycerides. LS means were adjusted for baseline and treatment. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

,
Interventionmillimoles/liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean)
Fasting Glucose (157, 79)Fasting Cholesterol (158, 81)Fasting Triglycerides (158, 81)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination0.030.420.40
Placebo0.03-0.11-0.04

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Percentage of Participants With Response Up to Week 8

Response is defined as a CDRS-R total score greater than or equal to (≥)50% reduction from baseline and YMRS elevated mood score ≤2. CDRS-R Total score measure the presence and severity of depression in children. The scale consists of 17 items scored on a 1-to-5- or 1-to-7-point scale. Rating of 1 indicates normal function. Scores range: 17 to 113. In general, <20 indicate an absence of depression, scores 20 to 30 indicate borderline depression, and scores of 40 to 60 indicate moderate depression. YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptoms not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptoms not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination78.2
Placebo59.2

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Percentage of Participants With Remission Up to Week 8

Remission is defined as a CDRS-R total score less than or equal to (≤)28, and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≤ 8 and Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version (CGI-BP) total score ≤3. CDRS-R is a 17-item scale measuring presence/severity of depression in children and is scored on a 1-to-5- or 1-to-7-point scale. Rating of 1 indicates normal function. Scores range: 17 to 113. Scores <20 indicate an absence of depression, scores 20 to 30 indicate borderline depression, scores 40 to 60 indicate moderate depression. The YMRS is an 11-item scale measuring severity of manic episodes; 4 items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptoms not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe) with remaining items rated on a scale from 0 (symptoms not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). YMRS score ranges from 0 to 60. CGI-BP measures participant's overall severity of bipolar symptoms. Scores range: 1 (normal, not at all ill ) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination59.0
Placebo43.4

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Incident of Parkinsonism Up to Week 8

Parkinsonism was measured using the Simpson-Angus Scale with a total scores range from 0 to 40. A score > 3 was considered abnormal. Simpson-Angus Scale consists of 10 items, each rated on a 5-point scale, 0 (complete absence of the condition) to 4 (presence of the condition in extreme form). (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination0.6
Placebo1.3

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Incident of Dyskinesia Up to Week 8

Dyskinesia was measured using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) a 12-item scale designed to record the occurrence of dyskinetic movements. Items 1 through 10 are rated on a 5-point scale: 0 (no dyskinetic movements) to 4 (severe dyskinetic movements). Items 11 and 12 are yes/no questions regarding the dental condition of a patient. Total score (0-40) is obtained by adding the scores of the first 10 items. An abnormal result is defined as having a score ≥3 for at least 1 of the first 7 items or a score ≥2 for at least two of the first 7 items. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination0.6
Placebo0.0

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Incident of Akathisia Up to Week 8

Akathisia was measured using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale where the global scores range from 0 (absent) to 5 (severe) and a score ≥ 2 is considered abnormal. (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination1.3
Placebo0.0

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Incident of Worsening of Mania Up to Week 8

Worsening of mania was defined as YMRS score of ≥20 and a CGI severity of mania score of ≥ 5 at the same visit. The YMRS is an 11-item scale measuring severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe) with remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. CGI measures severity of the participant's overall severity of bipolar symptoms and scores range from 1 (normal) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). (NCT00844857)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination1.2
Placebo0.0

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Change From Baseline in 16-Item Negative Symptoms Assessment (NSA-16) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

"The NSA-16 is used to rate behaviors (not psychopathology) associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia and rates patients on 16 anchors, each of which is rated 1 to 6. The total score is their sum and ranges from 16 to 96. Higher scores indicate greater severity of illness. LS Mean of change from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline-by-visit interaction." (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-2.86
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-7.81

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Change From Baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The AIMS is a 12-item scale designed to record the occurrence of dyskinetic movements. Items 1 to 10 are rated 0 - 4, with 0 being no dyskinetic movements and 4 being severe dyskinetic movements. Items 11 and 12 are yes/no questions regarding the dental condition of a subject. The total score is the sum of items 1-7 and ranges from 0-28. LS means of change from baseline in the AIMS total score is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY21400230.13
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-0.23

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Change From Baseline in Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) Global Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The BAS rates drug induced akathisia symptoms. Akathisia is rated on a 4-point scale, with 0 being no akathisia and 3 being severe akathisia. A global clinical assessment of akathisia is then scored on a 6-point scale, with 0 being no evidence of akathisia and 5 being severe akathisia. LS mean of change from baseline in BAS global score is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-0.06
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-0.08

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S) at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The CGI-S scale measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). LS Mean of change from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline-by-visit interaction. Higher CGI-S score means worse symptoms. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-0.27
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-0.81

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Change From Baseline in Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Overall Composite T-Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The MCCB assesses cognitive function in 7 domains important in schizophrenia. The MCCB overall composite score is calculated by summing age- and gender-corrected T-scores of all the domains and then standardizing the sum to a T-score, where the mean is 50 and a standard deviation is 10. A higher score indicates better performance. LS Mean of change from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY21400235.29
Standard-of-Care (SOC)8.19

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Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). LS Mean of changes from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline-by-visit interaction. Higher MADRS scores mean worse symptoms. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY21400232.72
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-2.82

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Change From Baseline in Number of Psychiatric Visits at 24 Weeks Endpoint

Change in number of psychiatric visits between the 6 months prior to the active treatment phase and psychiatric visits reported during the active treatment phase was summarized. Treatment groups were compared on change using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model. The model has baseline as a covariate, and investigative site, gender, and treatment as fixed effects. (Analysis for Study Period III only) (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks

Interventionvisits (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-2.60
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-2.95

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Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance (PSP) at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale is a 100-point, single-item, clinician-rated scale to assess 4 domains of functioning, including personal and social relationships, socially useful activities, self care, and disturbing and aggressive behaviors. Score ranges from 1-100. The higher score indicates a better health state. LS Mean of changes from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigator site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline score by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY21400236.47
Standard-of-Care (SOC)10.71

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at 52 Weeks Endpoint

Assesses the positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology associated with schizophrenia. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). The sum of the 30 items is defined as the PANSS total score and ranges from 30 to 210. LS Mean of change from baseline is from a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline-by-visit interaction. Higher PANSS scores mean worse symptoms. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-4.54
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-21.47

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Change From Baseline in Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment-Short Form (SWN-S) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

Measures subjective well-being for previous 7 days. 20 items covering 5 health domains (subscales) (4 items each): emotional regulation, self-control, mental functioning, social integration, and physical functioning. Individual scores range from 1 (not at all) to 6 (very much). Subscale scores range from 4 to 24. Total score ranges from 20 to 120. LS mean of change from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigator site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline score by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY21400231.11
Standard-of-Care (SOC)4.15

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Percentage of Participants With Response (Rate of Response) at 6 and 24 Weeks Endpoints

Response is defined as reduction ≥ 30% from baseline on PANSS Total Score (Each PANSS item transformed to a 0-6 scale first). PANSS assesses the positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated on an original scale from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). The sum of the 30 items is defined as the PANSS total score and ranges from 30 to 210. Higher scores indicate greater severity of illness. (Analysis for Study Period III only) (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: 6 and 24 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
6 weeks24 weeks
LY214002335.026.7
Standard-of-Care (SOC)31.337.5

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Change in Neurological Examination

An increase in score from baseline was considered a treatment-emergent change, unless stated otherwise. Tremor: 0 (absent) - 3 (interferes with motor function); Nystagmus: 0 (absent) - 3 (present on forward gaze); Reflexes: 0 (absent) - 4 (clonic) with normal being a score 2, decrease or increase in score was considered change. Finger-nose and gait tests: 0 (normal) - 1(abnormal); Romberg's sign: (0) absent - (1) present; Muscular strength: 0 (no contraction)-5 (full/normal resistance), decrease in score was considered change; Myoclonic jerks: 0 (absent) - 3 (frequent). (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
TremorNystagmusIncreased reflexesDecreased reflexesAbnormal finger-nose testRomberg's signAbnormal GaitDecreased muscle strengthMyoclonus
LY2140023161792020471
Standard-of-Care (SOC)2312628011110

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Number of Participants With Suicidal Behaviors and Ideations Baseline Through 52 Weeks

"Columbia Suicide Rating Scale (C-SSRS): scale capturing occurrence, severity, and frequency of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Number of participants with suicidal behaviors and ideations are provided. Suicidal behavior: a yes answer to any of 5 suicidal behavior questions: preparatory acts or behavior, aborted attempt, interrupted attempt, actual attempt, and completed suicide. Suicidal ideation: a yes answer to any one of 5 suicidal ideation questions, which includes wish to be dead, and 4 different categories of active suicidal ideation. There are no scores on a scale reported, rather, number of patients who reported yes as described above." (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suicidal ideationSuicidal behavior/acts
LY214002380
Standard-of-Care (SOC)162

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Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate at 52 Weeks Endpoint

LS Mean of change from baseline in pulse rate is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline value and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

,
Interventionbeats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean)
Supine PulseStanding Pulse
LY2140023-1.62-2.16
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-2.44-2.41

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinical Significant Change in Lipids Level

Treatment-emergent changes in lab results on lipids level were analyzed using the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2001) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) guidelines. Total cholesterol Normal to High is <200 mg/dL at baseline and ≥240 mg/dL post-baseline. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol Normal to High is <100 mg/dL at baseline and ≥160 mg/dL post-baseline. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol Normal to Low is ≥40 mg/dL at baseline and <40 mg/dL post-baseline. Triglycerides Normal to High is <150 mg/dL at baseline and ≥200 mg/dL post-baseline. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Total cholesterol Normal to High (n=56, 59)LDL cholesterol Normal to High (n=20, 22)HDL cholesterol Normal to Low (n=74, 91)Triglycerides Normal to High (n=58, 77)
LY214002330167
Standard-of-Care (SOC)602321

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Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Maximum Post-Baseline Grading in Electroencephalograms (EEGs)

EEG scoring by a central neurologist is done by the following definitions: E0=Normal; E1(within normal)=fewer than 3 focal abnormalities or non-epileptiform abnormalities; E2(questionably epileptiform)=3-10 focal discharges and/or 1-10 multifocal or generalized discharges; E3=(clearly epileptiform)= Sharp/slow complex, runs of epileptiform abnormalities, greater than 10 total epileptiform discharges; and E4= seizure. Decreased= maximum (max) post-baseline (PB) EEG grading< baseline EEG grading; Increased= max PB EEG grading> baseline EEG grading; Same=no change from baseline to max PB result. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
DecreasedSameIncreased
LY2140023117418
Standard-of-Care (SOC)87733

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Change From Baseline in EuroQoL Questionnaire-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The EQ-5D is a quality-of-life (QoL) instrument with 2 parts: a health status profile and a visual analog scale (VAS). The profile rates patients' health state in 5 domains and each of them ranges 1-3. The outcomes on the 5 domains are mapped to an index with range 0-1. The higher score indicates a better health state. The VAS is used to indicate the patient's health status with range 0=worst and 100=best. LS means are from a MMRM model with the effects of treatment, gender, investigator site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline score by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Visual Analog Scale (n=107, 120)Index Score (n=107, 119)
LY21400234.830.03
Standard-of-Care (SOC)12.840.10

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Change From Baseline in Blood Pressure (BP) at 52 Weeks Endpoint

Least Square (LS) Mean of change from baseline in BP is from a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline value and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

,
Interventionmillimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean)
Supine Diastolic BPStanding Diastolic BPSupine Systolic BPStanding Systolic BP
LY21400232.495.572.844.65
Standard-of-Care (SOC)0.871.103.471.93

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Change From Baseline in Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The SAS is used to measure Parkinsonian type symptoms in patients exposed to antipsychotics. The scale consists of 10 items each rated on a 5-point scale, with 0 meaning complete absence of the condition and 4 meaning the presence of the condition in extreme form. The range of possible total score is 0-40. LS Mean of change from baseline in the SAS total score is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-0.87
Standard-of-Care (SOC)-0.82

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Time to Discontinuation Due to Adverse Event (AE)

(NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

Interventiondays (Mean)
LY214002393.02
Standard-of-Care (SOC)116.86

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Percentage of Participants With Remission (Rate of Remission) at Week 24 Endpoint

Remission is defined as endpoint score of mild or better (≤3) for each of the following PANSS items: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, social withdrawal, blunted affect, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, mannerisms and posturing, and unusual thought content. PANSS assesses the positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (extremely severe). The sum of the 30 items is the PANSS total score and ranges 30 - 210. (Analysis for Study Period III only) (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY214002315.0
Standard-of-Care (SOC)22.7

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse (Rate of Relapse)

Relapse is defined as an increase in at least one PANSS positive item to a score>5 and an absolute increase of ≥2 points on that item post randomization , or hospitalization for any psychiatric condition, or active suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior as captured by the C-SSRS. PANSS assesses the positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology specifically associated with schizophrenia. The scale consists of 30 items. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptoms extremely severe). The sum of the 30 items is defined as the PANSS total score and ranges from 30-210. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY214002326.2
Standard-of-Care (SOC)16.8

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Changes in QT Intervals Electrocardiograms (ECGs)

"A potentially clinically significant QT interval (high) is defined as a value meeting the criteria of (> 450 millisecond [ms]) at anytime during the active treatment phase, provided it does not meet the criteria at baseline.~(analysis for Study Period III only)" (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LY21400233
Standard-of-Care (SOC)4

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinical Significant Change in Fasting Glucose Level

Treatment-emergent changes in lab results on fasting glucose were analyzed using the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2001) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) guidelines. Glucose Normal to High is <100 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) at baseline and ≥126mg/dL post-baseline. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
LY21400238
Standard-of-Care (SOC)13

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Change From Baseline in Weight at 52 Weeks Endpoint

LS Mean of change from baseline in weight is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigative site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline weight and baseline-by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionkilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
LY2140023-4.76
Standard-of-Care (SOC)3.88

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Change From Baseline in University of California-San Diego (UCSD) Performance-Based Skills Assessment-B (UPSA-B) Total Score at 52 Weeks Endpoint

The UPSA-B is a performance-based assessment of improvement in functional capacity. Patients are asked to role-play tasks in 2 areas of functioning: communication and finances. Scores are assigned for each of the 2 subscales and a provided formulae is used to calculated an UPSA-B Total Score (range = 0-100). The higher score indicates a better performance. LS mean of change from baseline is from a MMRM model which includes the effects of treatment, gender, investigator site, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, baseline score and baseline score by-visit interaction. (NCT00845026)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY214002311.82
Standard-of-Care (SOC)12.84

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Change in Glucose Disposition

Ratio of post-antipsychotic/pre-antipsychotic glucose disposition as measured using the hyperglycemic clamp technique. This method allows one to measure either how well an individual metabolizes glucose or how sensitive an individual is to insulin. (NCT00895921)
Timeframe: Measured over 6 hours

Interventionratio of post/pre values (Mean)
Aripiprazole1.18
Olanzapine1.42

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Change in Percent of Insulin Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production

Ratio of Post-Antipsychotic/Pre-Antipsychotic Percent of Insulin Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production (NCT00895921)
Timeframe: Measured over 6 hours

Interventionratio of post/pre values (Mean)
Aripiprazole1.0594
Olanzapine1.312

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Akathisia

Number of subjects reporting mild or greater complaints of akathisia after antipsychotic administration (NCT00895921)
Timeframe: 6 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aripiprazole1
Olanzapine7

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Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity

To evaluate, using a within-subject placebo-controlled comparison, the acute effects of olanzapine or ziprasidone administration on insulin sensitivity in antipsychotic-naïve healthy young men, measured as free fatty acid release (glycerol rate of appearance [Ra]). (NCT00910988)
Timeframe: approximately 3 hours

Intervention% change from basal to insulin phase (Mean)
Olanzapine, to be Followed by Normal Saline43.3
Normal Saline, Following Olanzapine45.2
Normal Saline, to be Followed by Olanzapine52.8
Olanzapine, Following Normal Saline53.1
Normal Saline, to be Followed by Ziprasidone39.5
Ziprasidone, Following Normal Saline37.6
Ziprasidone, to be Followed by Normal Saline47.8
Normal Saline, Following Ziprasidone44.4

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Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity

To evaluate, using a within-subject placebo-controlled comparison, the acute effects of olanzapine or ziprasidone administration on insulin sensitivity in antipsychotic-naïve healthy young men, measured as hepatic glucose production (glucose rate of appearance [Ra]). (NCT00910988)
Timeframe: approximately 3 hours

Intervention% change from basal to insulin phase (Mean)
Olanzapine, to be Followed by Normal Saline81.0
Normal Saline, Following Olanzapine79.1
Normal Saline, to be Followed by Olanzapine73.1
Olanzapine, Following Normal Saline78.5
Normal Saline, to be Followed by Ziprasidone84.0
Ziprasidone, Following Normal Saline80.7
Ziprasidone, to be Followed by Normal Saline82.1
Normal Saline, Following Ziprasidone83.4

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Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity

To evaluate, using a within-subject placebo-controlled comparison, the acute effects of olanzapine or ziprasidone administration on insulin sensitivity in antipsychotic-naïve healthy young men, measured as primarily muscle glucose utilization (glucose rate of disappearance [Rd]). (NCT00910988)
Timeframe: approximately 3 hours

Intervention% change from basal to insulin phase (Mean)
Olanzapine, to be Followed by Normal Saline152.2
Normal Saline, Following Olanzapine183.5
Normal Saline, to be Followed by Olanzapine157.0
Olanzapine, Following Normal Saline83.7
Normal Saline, to be Followed by Ziprasidone208.2
Ziprasidone, Following Normal Saline161.0
Ziprasidone, to be Followed by Normal Saline135.6
Normal Saline, Following Ziprasidone185.3

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Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity

To evaluate, using a within-subject placebo-controlled comparison, the acute effects of olanzapine or ziprasidone administration on insulin sensitivity in antipsychotic-naïve healthy young men, measured as whole-body dextrose infusion rates (mg/kg/min). (NCT00910988)
Timeframe: approximately 3 hours

Interventionmg/kg/min (Mean)
Olanzapine (Drug/Placebo)-Drug4.9
Olanzapine (Drug/Placebo)-Placebo5.4
Olanzapine (Placebo/Drug)-Placebo4.1
Olanzapine (Placebo/Drug)-Drug2.9
Ziprasidone (Placebo/Drug)-Placebo5.8
Ziprasidone (Placebo/Drug)-Drug4.7
Ziprasidone (Drug/Placebo)-Drug4.5
Ziprasidone (Drug/Placebo)-Placebo5.3

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol

Borderline to High fasting LDL cholesterol: ≥100 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) and <160 mg/dL at baseline and ≥160 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to Borderline fasting LDL cholesterol: <100 mg/dL at baseline, ≥100 mg/dL and <160 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to High fasting LDL cholesterol: <100 mg/dL at baseline and ≥160 mg/dL any time post baseline. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

,
Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
Borderline to High (n= 115, 134)Normal to Borderline (n=22, 26)Normal to High (n=22, 26)
Flu (SPIV)10.430.80.0
OFC (SPIV)17.422.74.5

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Glucose

Impaired to High fasting glucose: ≥100 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) and <126 mg/dL at baseline and ≥126 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to High glucose: <100 mg/dL at baseline and ≥126 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to Impaired fasting glucose is <100 mg/dL at baseline, ≥100 mg/dL and <126 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal/Impaired to High fasting glucose: <126 mg/dL at baseline and ≥126 mg/dL any time post baseline. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Impaired to High (n=98, 97)Normal to High (n=90, 96)Normal to Impaired (n=90, 96)Normal/Impaired to High (n= 188, 193)
Flu (SPIV)7.25.228.16.2
OFC (SPIV)18.44.435.611.7

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Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Percentage of Subjects Not Relapsing at Week 27 (Day 189)

Relapse is defined as meeting any of the following criteria (Relapse-any reason): 50% increase in MADRS score from randomization with concomitant CGI-S of Depression score increase to a score of 4 or more (MADRS score/CGI-S Depression Score); Hospitalization for depression or suicidality; Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy/worsening of depression/suicidality. MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms with 10 items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (the most extremely ill). Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of depression was at the discretion of the investigator and based on clinical observation. Suicidality is thoughts or actions of self-harm as determined by the investigator. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 27

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Relapse-any criteriaRelapse-MADRS score/CGI-S Depression ScoreRelapse-Hospitalization for depression/suicidalityRelapse-Discontinued for lack efficacy/worsening
Flu (SPIV)66.569.698.669.8
OFC (SPIV)83.685.397.787.4

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Time to Relapse by Any Criteria

"Relapse defined as meeting any of these criteria: 50% increase in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from randomization with a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression score increase to a score of 4 or more; Hospitalized for depression or suicidality; Discontinued due to lack of efficacy/worsening of depression/suicidality. MADRS is a 10-item rating scale for depressive mood symptoms severity, items rated on 0-6 scale, with total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (the most extremely ill). Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of depression was at discretion of investigator based on clinical observation. Suicidality is thoughts or actions of self-harm as determined by the investigator. Those who did not relapse were censored at their last observation." (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventiondays (Median)
OFC (SPIV)NA
Flu (SPIV)NA

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Time to Relapse Based on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Score With Concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression Score

"Relapse is defined as a 50% increase in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from randomization with concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression score increase to a score of 4 or more. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (the most extremely ill). Those who did not relapse were censored at their last observation." (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventiondays (Median)
OFC (SPIV)NA
Flu (SPIV)NA

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Time to Relapse as Measured by Hospitalization for Depression or Suicidality

"Those who did not relapse were censored at their last observation." (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventiondays (Median)
OFC (SPIV)NA
Flu (SPIV)NA

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Time to Relapse as Measured by Discontinuation Due to Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of Depression/Suicidality

"Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of depression was at the discretion of the investigator and was based on clinical observation. Suicidality is thoughts or actions of self-harm as determined by the investigator. Those who did not relapse were censored at their last observation." (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventiondays (Median)
OFC (SPIV)NA
Flu (SPIV)NA

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Resource Utilization - Average Number of Hours Worked for Pay Per Week at Week 47

(NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Week 47

Interventionhours (Mean)
OFC (SPIV)37.49
Flu (SPIV)37.76

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Dyskinesia

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is a 12-item scale designed to record the occurrence of dyskinetic movements. Items 1 through 10 are rated on a 5-point scale, with 0 being no dyskinetic movements and 4 being severe dyskinetic movements. Items 11 and 12 are yes/no questions regarding the dental condition of the participants. Treatment emergent dyskinesia is defined as a score ≥3 on any one of the AIMS items 1-7 post-baseline (Weeks 21-47) or scores ≥2 on any two of the AIMS items 1-7 post-baseline (Weeks 21-47) among participants without either criteria at baseline (Week 20). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)0.5
Flu (SPIV)0.0

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Percentage of Participants Who Relapse by Any Criteria

Relapse is defined as meeting any of the following criteria: 50% increase in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from randomization with concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression score increase to a score of 4 or more; Hospitalization for depression or suicidality; Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy/worsening of depression/suicidality. MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms with 10 items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (the most extremely ill). Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of depression was at the discretion of the investigator and based on clinical observation. Suicidality is thoughts or actions of self-harm as determined by the investigator. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)15.8
Flu (SPIV)31.8

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Percentage of Participants Who Relapse Based on Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Score With Concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression Score

Relapse is defined as a 50% increase in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from randomization with concomitant Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression score increase to a score of 4 or more. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (the most extremely ill). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)14.0
Flu (SPIV)28.3

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Percentage of Participants Who Relapse as Measured by Hospitalization for Depression or Suicidality

(NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)1.8
Flu (SPIV)1.3

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Percentage of Participants Who Relapse as Measured by Discontinuation Due to Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of Depression/Suicidality

Lack of Efficacy/Worsening of depression was at the discretion of the investigator and was based on clinical observation. Suicidality is thoughts or actions of self-harm as determined by the investigator. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)10.9
Flu (SPIV)28.3

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Percentage of Participants Responding to Treatment During Open-Label Acute Treatment Phase

A 50% or greater improvement from baseline on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression score ≤3 will be considered as response criteria met. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPII-Wk 0-8, Acute Open-label)78.0

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Remission at Any Point During Stabilization Treatment Phase

Remission is defined as the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score ≤8. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Week 8 to Week 20

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIII)77.9

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Percent of Participants With Week 20-to-Week 47 Endpoint Increase in Weight of at Least 7%

(NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Week 20 to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)11.8
Flu (SPIV)2.3

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Parkinsonism

Simpson-Angus Scale is used to measure Parkinsonian-type symptoms in participants exposed to neuroleptics. The scale consists of 10 items, each rated on a 5-point scale, with 0 meaning complete absence of the condition and 4 meaning the presence of the condition in extreme form. The total score is obtained by adding the items and ranges from 0-40 with higher scores indicating worse conditions. Treatment emergent parkinsonism is defined as total score ≤3 of items 1 through 10 of the Simpson-Angus scale at baseline (Week 20) and a total score >3 of items 1 through 10 post-baseline (Weeks 21-47). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)1.4
Flu (SPIV)0.0

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Low Fasting High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol

Normal to Low fasting HDL cholesterol is ≥40 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) at baseline and <40 mg/dL anytime post baseline. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)39.2
Flu (SPIV)25.5

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Hepatic Events

Participants with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) <=3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) at baseline, with ALT or AST >=3 times the ULN post-baseline and total bilirubin >=2 times ULN at the same time are considered having treatment-emergent hepatic events. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)0.0
Flu (SPIV)0.0

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Corrected (for Rate) Cardiac QT Interval Using Fridericia's Formula (QTcF) on Electrocardiogram ≥500 Milliseconds (Msec)

Data presented are the percent of participants whose baseline corrected (for rate) cardiac QT interval <500 msec with post-baseline corrected (for rate) cardiac QT interval ≥500 msec. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)0
Flu (SPIV)0

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Akathisia

Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) rates observable, restless movements of drug-induced akathisia as well as the subjective awareness of restlessness and any distress associated with the akathisia. It consists of 4 items. 3 items (objective akathisia, subjective awareness of restlessness and subjective distress related to restlessness) rated on a 4-point scale, with 0 being no akathisia and 3 being severe akathisia. Item 4 (global clinical assessment of Akathisia) is derived from the responses on Items 1-3 rated on a 6-point scale, with 0 being absence and 5 being extreme Akathisia. Treatment emergent akathisia is defined as a global clinical assessment score on BAS <2 at baseline (Week 20) and a global clinical assessment score on BAS ≥2 post-baseline (Weeks 21-47). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)0.9
Flu (SPIV)0.9

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Percent of Participants With a 60 Milliseconds (Msec) Increase in Fridericia-Corrected (for Rate) Cardiac QT Interval (QTcF) on Electrocardiogram

(NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)0
Flu (SPIV)0

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Percentage of Participants Maintaining Remission

Remission is defined as the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score ≤8. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIV)86.4
Flu (SPIV)78.9

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Change From Week 20 to Week 47 Endpoint in the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

The SDS is completed by the participant and is used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on their work or school (Item 1), social (Item 2), and family life and home responsibilities (Item 3). Each item is measured on a 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) point scale with higher values indicating greater disruption. Total scores is the sum of the 3 items and range from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating greater disruption in the participant's work/social/family life. Least Squares (LS) Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment and country. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), up to Week 47

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)1.30
Flu (SPIV)3.24

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Clinical Global Impressions - Severity (CGI-S) of Depression Using Mixed-Effects Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) Analysis

CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). Least Squares (LS) Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)0.20
Flu (SPIV)0.54

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Percentage of Participants Maintaining Response at Any Point During Stabilization Treatment Phase

A 50% or greater improvement from baseline on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) of Depression score ≤3 will be considered as response criteria met. The MADRS is a rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). CGI-S measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Week 8 to Week 20

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OFC (SPIII)68.2

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Resource Utilization (Number of Psychiatric Visits, Number of Emergency Room or Equivalent Facility Visits for Psychiatric Illness)

Resource utilization is defined as the average number of psychiatric visits and number of emergency room or equivalent facility visits for psychiatric illness. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

,
Interventionvisits per participant (Mean)
Psychiatric visits (n=136, 113)Emergency room or equivalent facility visits
Flu (SPIV)0.810.00
OFC (SPIV)0.650.00

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Triglycerides

Borderline to High fasting triglycerides: ≥150 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) and <200 mg/dL at baseline and ≥200 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to Borderline fasting triglycerides: <150 mg/dL at baseline, ≥150 mg/dL and <200 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to High fasting triglycerides: <150 mg/dL at baseline and ≥200 mg/dL any time post baseline. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Borderline to High (n=47, 41)Normal to Borderline (n= 68, 74)Normal to High (n=68, 74)
Flu (SPIV)26.86.85.4
OFC (SPIV)51.122.116.2

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Percent of Participants With Treatment-Emergent High Fasting Total Cholesterol

Borderline to High fasting total cholesterol: ≥200 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) and <240 mg/dL at baseline and ≥240 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to Borderline fasting total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL at baseline, ≥200 mg/dL and <240 mg/dL any time post baseline; Normal to High fasting total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL at baseline and ≥240 mg/dL any time post baseline. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20) to Week 47

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Borderline to High (n= 75, 83)Normal to Borderline (n=47, 59)Normal to High (n=47, 59)
Flu (SPIV)20.516.93.4
OFC (SPIV)28.017.02.1

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Glucose

Mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) Mean and standard error (SE). LS Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionmilligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)3.67
Flu (SPIV)-2.22

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Mean Change in Corrected (for Rate) Cardiac QT Interval Using Fridericia's Formula (QTcF) on Electrocardiogram

Least Squares (LS) Mean values were obtained from a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis. Model includes baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionmilliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)-3.12
Flu (SPIV)-1.55

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Weight

Mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) Mean and standard error (SE). LS Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionkilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)1.14
Flu (SPIV)-2.78

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Using Mixed-Effects Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) Analysis

The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). Least Squares (LS) Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)2.06
Flu (SPIV)4.97

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Using Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) Analysis

The MADRS has a 10-item checklist with items rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms). Least Squares (LS) Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment and country. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), up to Week 47

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)3.03
Flu (SPIV)6.84

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Triglycerides

Mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) Mean and standard error (SE). LS Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionmilligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)-8.24
Flu (SPIV)-21.51

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Total Cholesterol

Mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) Mean and standard error (SE). LS Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionmilligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)-2.65
Flu (SPIV)-1.74

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol

Mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) Mean and standard error (SE). LS Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionmilligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)-0.72
Flu (SPIV)0.85

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Mean Change From Week 20 to Week 47 in Fasting High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol

Mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was used to calculate Least Squares (LS) Mean and standard error (SE). LS Mean values were controlled for baseline (Week 20), treatment, country, visit, and treatment by visit interaction. (NCT00958568)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 20), Week 47

Interventionmilligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean)
OFC (SPIV)-1.71
Flu (SPIV)2.02

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Extrapyramidal Symptoms Based on the Drug Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) Score up to 24 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

Assesses extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to antipsychotics. Consists of 9 items (8 to assess individual symptoms; 1 to assess global severity). Each item is assessed from 0 (none, normal) to 4 (severe). Total points of 8 items are defined as DIEPSS total (0 to 32 points). Items for assessment of individual symptoms are classified into 4 categories of parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia. Parkinsonism is assessed by total points of items 1 to 5; akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia are assessed by points given to corresponding items (item 6, item 7, and item 8, respectively). (NCT00970281)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours after the first IM injection

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Parkinsonism (N=43, 44)Akathisia (N=43, 45)Dystonia (N=44, 45)Dyskinesia (N=44, 45)
10 mg Olanzapine4.70.00.00.0
Placebo6.80.00.00.0

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Percentage of Participants With Scores of 4 to 7 in the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) Score up to 24 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

The ACES differentiates agitation, calmness, and sleep-state, using a 9-point scale: 1 (Marked Agitation) to 9 (Unarousable). Scores of 4 (Normal) to 7 (Marked Calmness) were used for this outcome measure. (NCT00970281)
Timeframe: up to 24 hours after the first IM injection

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
0.5 hour after First IM Injection1 hour after First IM Injection1.5 hours after First IM Injection2 hours after First IM Injection24 hours after First IM Injection
10 mg Olanzapine24.431.140.040.028.9
Placebo11.415.913.613.615.9

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Change From Baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Total Score up to 24 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

Measures excitability and consists of the following 5 items from the PANSS: Excitement, Hostility, Tension, Uncooperativeness, and Poor Impulse Control. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme). The sum of the 5 items is defined as the PANSS-EC total score which ranges from 5 to 35. (NCT00970281)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 24 hours after first IM injection

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
10 mg Olanzapine-5.6
Placebo-2.8

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Percentage of Participants With 40% or Greater Percent Decrease in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Total Score up to 2 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

Measures excitability and consists of the following 5 items from the PANSS: Excitement, Hostility, Tension, Uncooperativeness, and Poor Impulse Control. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme). The sum of the 5 items is defined as the PANSS-EC total score which ranges from 5 to 35. (NCT00970281)
Timeframe: Up to 2 hours after the first (IM) injection

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
10 mg Olanzapine40.0
Placebo13.6

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Change From Baseline in PANSS-EC Total Score up to 90 Minutes After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

Measures excitability and consists of the following 5 items from the PANSS: Excitement, Hostility, Tension, Uncooperativeness, and Poor Impulse Control. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme). The sum of the 5 items is defined as the PANSS-EC total score which ranges from 5 to 35. (NCT00970281)
Timeframe: Baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes after the first injection

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
0.25 hour after First IM Injection0.50 hour after First IM Injection1 hour after First IM Injection1.5 hour after First IM Injection
10 mg Olanzapine-2.4-5.0-7.3-8.2
Placebo-1.0-1.9-3.0-2.7

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Change From Baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) Total Score up to 2 Hours After the First Intramuscular (IM) Injection

Measures excitability and consists of the following 5 items from the PANSS: Excitement, Hostility, Tension, Uncooperativeness, and Poor Impulse Control. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme). The sum of the 5 items is defined as the PANSS-EC total score which ranges from 5 to 35. (NCT00970281)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 2 hours after first IM injection

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
10 mg Olanzapine-9.2
Placebo-2.8

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Body Composition: Percent Total Body Fat

Body composition estimated by percent total body fat as measured by a dual energy absorptiometry (DXA) scan in both experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of body fat (Mean)
A: Telmisartan31.9
B: Placebo31.28

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Body Composition: Waist to Hip Ratio

Body composition as estimated by waist to hip ratio in both experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionRatio (Mean)
A: Telmisartan0.99
B: Placebo0.95

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Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance as estimated by homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at week 12 in both the experimental and placebo arm. Insulin resistance is a condition in which cells fail to respond to the normal action of the hormone in the body. The HOMA-IR is calculated using a subject's fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels. The higher the score, the higher the level of insulin resistance. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionHOMA-IR scores (Mean)
A: Telmisartan1.9997
B: Placebo2.5824

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Triglycerides

Fasting triglycerides assessed in both experimental and placebo arm at week 12. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
A: Telmisartan154.15
B: Placebo176.72

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Lipid Metabolism - LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol

Lipid metabolism - fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) are estimated in both experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
LDL-cholesterolHDL-cholesterol
A: Experimental10741.05
B: Placebo107.8543.18

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Psychopathology - PANSS Total, PANSS - Negative Score, PANNS - Positive Score and SANS - Total Scores.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were used to assess the positive and negative symptoms in experimental and placebo arms at 12 weeks. The PANSS total scale includes positive and negative subscales. For both subscales, the score ranges from 7-49 and total PANSS score ranges from 30-210. The total scale is a summation of all the subscales. The SANS score ranges from 0-100. For all scales, a greater score represents a worse outcome. (NCT00981526)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PANSS total scorePANSS negative scorePANSS positive scoreSANS total score
A: Experimental67.4119.5515.5027.82
B: Placebo71.0519.9516.6829.28

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Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Anchored Version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C) for Participants With Schizophrenia

The BPRS-C characterizes psychopathology. A total of 21 items are rated on a scale from 0 (not present) to 6 (extremely severe) with a total score ranging from 0 to 126. A decrease in score indicates a reduction in psychopathology. (NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention-28.00
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention-30.96

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Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Body Mass Index (BMI) for All Participants

(NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionkilograms per meter squared (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention3.64
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention2.83

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Mean Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) at 52 Weeks for All Participants

The Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) is used by the clinician to record the improvement of illness at the time of assessment. The score ranges from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). (NCT00982020)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention2.04
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention2.29

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Mean Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Body Mass Index (BMI) for Participants With Duration of Treatment of at Least 6 Months

(NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionkg/m^2 (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention3.36
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention2.99

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Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Waist Circumference for All Participants

(NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventioncentimeters (cm) (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention7.22
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention7.31

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Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Adolescent Structured Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for Participants With Bipolar I Disorder

The YMRS is an 11-item scale that measures the severity of manic episodes. Four items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 8 (symptom extremely severe). The remaining items are rated on a scale from 0 (symptom not present) to 4 (symptom extremely severe). The YMRS total score ranges from 0 (symptom not present) to 60 (symptom extremely severe). (NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention-17.66
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention-12.05

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Mean Change From Baseline to 52 Weeks in Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) for All Participants

The CGI-S is used by the clinician to record the severity of illness at the time of assessment. The score ranges from 1 = normal, not at all ill to 7 = among the most extremely ill. (NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention-2.06
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention-1.74

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Time to Event for 7%, 15%, and 25% Weight Gain for All Participants

Kaplan-Meier methodology used to estimate time to event. Participants who never reached the target weight gain contributed to the set of patients at risk up to the point at which they discontinued from the study and were then censored (i.e., removed from the risk set). (NCT00982020)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 52 weeks

,
Interventiondays (Median)
Time to First 7% Weight GainTime to First 15% Weight GainTime to First 25% Weight Gain
Olanzapine/Intense Behavioral Weight Intervention57198NA
Olanzapine/Standard Behavioral Weight Intervention57197NA

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Time to First Psychiatric Hospitalization

"A time-to parameter looking only at 1 component event of treatment failure: psychiatric hospitalization. Time to first psychiatric hospitalization was admission date of the psychiatric hospitalization recorded in the Assessment of Treatment Failure - Psychiatric Hospitalization." (NCT01157351)
Timeframe: From date of randomization up to Month 15

InterventionDays (Median)
Paliperidone PalmitateNA
Oral AntipsychoticsNA

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Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score During Overall Treatment Duration

The PSP score assesses the degree of difficulty a participant exhibit over a 1 month period within 4 domains of behavior: a) socially useful activities, b) personal and social relationships, c) self-care, and d) disturbing and aggressive behavior. The investigators rate participants' degree of difficulty in each of the 4 domains using a 6-point Likert scale (from 0=absent to 5=very severe). The domain ratings were then transformed to PSP total score ranging from 1 to 100. Higher PSP total scores denote better functioning. A score between 71 and 100 represents normal to mild degree of dysfunction; a score between 31 and 70 represents varying degree of difficulty; and a score <=30 represents poor function that requires intensive supervision. (NCT01157351)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Month 15

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Paliperidone Palmitate5.75
Oral Antipsychotics5.36

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) Score During Overall Treatment Duration

The CGI-S rating scale was a 7-point global assessment of symptom severity with scores determined by clinician as follows: 1=Not ill, 2=Very Mild, 3= Mild, 4= Moderate, 5= Marked, 6= Severe, and 7= Extremely Severe. The higher the score the worse the illness. (NCT01157351)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Month 15

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Paliperidone Palmitate-0.48
Oral Antipsychotics-0.43

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Time to First Psychiatric Hospitalization or Arrest/Incarceration

A time to parameter looking only at 2 component events of treatment failure: arrest or incarceration, and psychiatric hospitalization. An arrest was defined as the taking of a participant into custody by legal authority, for any reason. Incarceration was defined as involuntary confinement by an officer of the law. Psychiatric hospitalization was an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization that occurred due to the participant's clinically significant worsening of symptoms of schizophrenia. (NCT01157351)
Timeframe: From date of randomization up to Month 15

InterventionDays (Median)
Paliperidone PalmitateNA
Oral Antipsychotics274

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Percentage of Participants in Each Event Category of First Treatment Failure

First treatment failure was a composite endpoint consisting of any of the following events: arrest/incarceration, psychiatric hospitalization, discontinuation (D/C) of antipsychotic treatment due to safety or tolerability, treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic due to inadequate efficacy, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to inadequate efficacy, increase in level of psychiatric services to prevent imminent psychiatric hospitalization, suicide. A Treatment Failure Event Monitoring Board (EMB), blinded to individual participant treatment assignment, determined the occurrence and date of the first treatment failure event. Percentage of participants who experienced treatment failure due to any event and for each specific category of event were assessed. (NCT01157351)
Timeframe: From date of randomization up to Month 15

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Failure Due to Any EventArrest/incarcerationPsychiatric hospitalizationD/C due to safety/tolerabilityTreatment supplementationD/C due to inadequate efficacyIncrease in level of psychiatric servicesSuicide
Oral Antipsychotics53.729.411.93.72.84.11.80
Paliperidone Palmitate39.821.28.06.62.20.41.30

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Time to First Treatment Failure

Time to first treatment failure was the time from participant randomization to the first treatment failure, which was a composite endpoint consisting of any of the following events: arrest/incarceration, psychiatric hospitalization, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to safety or tolerability, treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic due to inadequate efficacy, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to inadequate efficacy, increase in level of psychiatric services to prevent imminent psychiatric hospitalization, suicide. A Treatment Failure Event Monitoring Board (EMB), blinded to individual participant treatment assignment, determined the occurrence and date of the first treatment failure event. (NCT01157351)
Timeframe: From date of randomization up to Month 15

InterventionDays (Median)
Paliperidone Palmitate416
Oral Antipsychotics226

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Rate of Weight Change

Comparison of rate of weight change between patients receiving olanzapine and those receiving placebo (NCT01170117)
Timeframe: Weekly during 16-week trial and twice during 8 weeks follow-up

Interventionkg/m^2 per month (Mean)
Placebo0.095
Olanzapine0.260

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Psychological Change

Comparison of psychological change as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), in patients receiving olanzapine compared with those receiving placebo. The Y-BOCS is divided into two sections: obsessive and compulsive. The scores for each section range from 1 to 20. The overall scores are obtained from adding scores for the two sections, to obtain a range between 2-40. A lower score reflects improvement/ fewer obsessive compulsive symptoms. A score of 25 or more is considered moderately severe, a score of 30 or more is considered severe, and a score of more than 35 is considered very severe. (NCT01170117)
Timeframe: Weekly during 16-week intervention and twice during 8-week follow-up

InterventionYBOCs score units per month (Mean)
Placebo0.762
Olanzapine0.800

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Changes in Metabolic Measure: Cholesterol

Change in cholesterol from entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks. (NCT01427608)
Timeframe: From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Sertraline + Olanzapine-0.46
Sertraline + Placebo-22.28

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Changes in Metabolic Measures: Triglycerides

Change in triglycerides from entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks. (NCT01427608)
Timeframe: From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Sertraline + Olanzapine-3.85
Sertraline + Placebo-18.18

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Changes in Metabolic Measures: Weight

Change in weight from entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks. (NCT01427608)
Timeframe: From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks

Interventionpounds (Mean)
Sertraline + Olanzapine5.70
Sertraline + Placebo-3.11

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Number of Subjects at Risk of Relapse During the Randomized Phase.

"Relapse criteria include at least one of the following:~1)Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic Statistical Manual #4 Trade Revision (DSM-IV-TR) Axis 1 Disorders (SCID) symptoms of major depression maintained over two weeks 2)17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of >17 maintained for more than one week + a mean increase of 5 points from entry into randomized phase 3)Re-emergence of psychosis for more than one week, with a SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) score of >2 on delusion or hallucination severity items 4)Significant clinical worsening defined as either emergence of high-risk of suicide, and/or development of mania for greater than one week, and/or psychiatric hospitalization." (NCT01427608)
Timeframe: From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks or earlier relapse

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Sertraline + Olanzapine13
Sertraline + Placebo34

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Physical Activity as Measured Using a Physical Activity Monitor

Change from baseline in physical activity. Physical activity was measured using an activity monitor that subjects wore around their waist throughout baseline and treatment days. Subjects were instructed to remove the monitor when sleeping or engaging in water-based activities, and to report on a daily log the times that they were wearing and removing the device. Physical activity was monitored during weekdays and weekend days. Physical activity data were collected in 60-second epochs. The results are reported as average counts per day of physical activity for weekdays and weekend days at baseline and 2 week treatment. (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 week treatment

,
Interventioncounts per day (Mean)
baseline - weekdays2 week treatment - weekdaysbaseline - weekend days2 week treatment - weekend days
Olanzapine263,720263,757277,298198,382
Placebo410,029279,722279,149247,036

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Change From Baseline in Leptin

Leptin (ng/ml) at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: Assessed at different time points: baseline and 2 weeks of treatment (olanzapine or placebo)

,
Interventionng/ml (Mean)
baseline2 weeks treatment
Olanzapine3.85.7
Placebo3.84.8

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Change From Baseline in Resting Metabolic Rate

Resting metabolic rate at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2weeks of treatment

,
Interventionkcal/24 hours (Mean)
baseline2 weeks treatment
Olanzapine18551858
Placebo17021689

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Change From Baseline Total Cholesterol

Total cholesterol at baseline and after 2 weeks treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 weeks treatment

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
baseline2 weeks treatment
Olanzapine156.8167.0
Placebo153.2147.4

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Change From Baseline Triglycerides

Triglycerides (mg/dl) at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: Assessed at different time points: baseline and 2 weeks of treatment (olanzapine or placebo)

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
baseline2 weeks of treatment
Olanzapine93.0136.6
Placebo48.452.8

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HDL

High-density lipoprotein at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 weeks treatment

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
baseline2 weeks treatment
Olanzapine51.346.1
Placebo54.655.0

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Laboratory Breakfast Intake

Total kcal intake at breakfast in a laboratory setting at baseline and after 2 week of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 week treatment

,
Interventionkcal (Mean)
Baseline2 week treatment
Olanzapine8641058
Placebo13961567

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LDL

Low-density lipoprotein at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 weeks treatment

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
baseline2 weeks treatment
Olanzapine86.993.7
Placebo88.882.0

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Change From Baseline in Weight

(NCT01496183)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 2 weeks

InterventionKg (Mean)
Placebo0.2
Olanzapine1.7

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Change From Baseline in 24-Hour Dietary Recall

24-hour dietary intake recall at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: Assessed at different time points: baseline and 2 weeks of treatment (olanzapine or placebo)

,
Interventionkcal/day (Mean)
baseline2 weeks of treatment
Olanzapine24102374
Placebo17481785

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Change From Baseline in Body Composition

lean body mass (kg) and fat mass (kg) at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 weeks of treatment (olanzapine or placebo)

,
Interventionkg (Mean)
lean body mass at baselinelean body mass at 2 weeks of treatmentfat mass at baselinefat mass at 2 weeks of treatment
Olanzapine65.867.016.517.4
Placebo60.160.117.918.5

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Change From Baseline in Glucose

Glucose (mg/dl) at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: Assessed at different time points: baseline and 2 weeks of treatment (olanzapine or placebo)

,
Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
baseline2 weeks of treatment
Olanzapine78.682.2
Placebo82.485.0

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Change From Baseline in Insulin

Insulin (µIU/ml) at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or placebo (NCT01496183)
Timeframe: Assessed at different time points: baseline and 2 weeks of treatment (olanzapine or placebo)

,
InterventionµIU/ml (Mean)
baseline2 weeks of treatment
Olanzapine6.210.1
Placebo5.05.8

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Hostility/Excitement Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 4 items of the Marder hostility/excitement factor of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Marder factors are a modified grouping of the 30 PANSS items. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS Marder factor hostility/excitement symptom score for each participant was sum of rating assigned to each of the 4 applicable Marder factor items, and ranged from 4 to 28 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-0.4-0.5-0.9-0.8-0.5-1.4-1.1
Asenapine 5 mg BID-0.3-0.5-0.8-0.9-0.8-1.5-1.8
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-0.7-1.0-1.2-1.8-1.6-2.0-1.9
Placebo BID-0.5-0.7-0.9-1.0-1.0-1.4-1.1

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Negative Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 7 items of the Marder negative symptoms factor of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Marder factors are a modified grouping of the 30 PANSS items. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS Marder factor negative symptom score for each participant was sum of the rating assigned to each of the 7 applicable Marder factor items, and ranged from 7 to 49 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-1.2-1.7-2.0-2.6-2.9-3.5-3.4
Asenapine 5 mg BID-0.8-1.9-2.8-3.2-3.8-3.9-4.7
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-0.8-1.8-2.2-2.6-3.2-4.1-4.3
Placebo BID-0.7-1.3-2.0-2.5-3.5-3.0-4.0

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Positive Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 8 items of the Marder positive symptom factor of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Marder factors are a modified grouping of the 30 PANSS items. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS Marder factor positive symptom score for each participant was sum of rating assigned to each of the 8 applicable Marder factor items, and ranged from 8 to 56 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-1.3-2.5-3.9-4.5-4.8-6.1-6.8
Asenapine 5 mg BID-1.8-2.9-4.0-5.4-6.3-6.7-7.6
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-2.0-3.2-4.4-5.5-6.6-6.9-7.8
Placebo BID-2.0-2.8-4.1-5.1-5.6-6.1-6.2

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Negative Subscale Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 7 items of the negative subscale of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions (e.g., emotional withdrawal). For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS negative subscale score for each participant was sum of the rating assigned to each of the 7 subscale items, and ranged from 7 to 49 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-0.7-1.2-1.6-2.3-2.5-3.3-3.3
Asenapine 5 mg BID-0.5-1.3-2.3-2.5-3.1-3.4-4.3
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-0.9-1.5-1.7-2.0-2.6-3.4-3.8
Placebo BID-0.8-1.1-1.8-2.3-3.0-2.6-3.2

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Positive Subscale Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 7 items of the positive subscale of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal mental status (e.g., delusions). For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS positive subscale score for each participant was sum of the rating assigned to each of the 7 subscale items, and ranged from 7 to 49 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-1.2-2.3-3.4-4.0-4.1-5.2-5.6
Asenapine 5 mg BID-1.6-2.8-3.9-5.0-5.7-6.3-7.2
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-2.3-3.6-4.4-5.7-6.2-6.8-7.5
Placebo BID-1.7-2.6-3.7-4.5-5.0-5.5-5.4

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Total Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35

The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument for assessing schizophrenia symptoms. It consists of 3 subscales: positive subscale (7 items), negative subscale (7 items), and general psychopathology subscale (16 items). For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. The PANSS total score for each participant was sum of the rating assigned to each of the 30 PANSS items, and ranged from 30 to 210 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. The reported measure is the change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-4.0-7.2-9.9-12.0-12.3-17.0
Asenapine 5 mg BID-4.9-9.1-12.5-14.8-17.1-19.0
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-5.5-9.3-12.4-15.2-17.3-20.3
Placebo BID-4.8-7.1-10.7-13.2-15.5-15.4

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Percentage of Participants Who Are Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement (CGI-I) Responders at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

A CGI-I responder was defined as a participant who had a CGI-I score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) at a post-baseline assessment. CGI-I is a 7-point scale for assessing the global improvement of the participant's illness relative to baseline, with ratings from 1=very much improved to 7=very much worse. Missing data were imputed by LOCF. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day 4 (n = 95,108,44,98)Day 7 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 14 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 21 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 28 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 35 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 42 (n = 96,111,45,99)
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID34.751.051.054.258.360.459.4
Asenapine 5 mg BID33.346.860.463.162.264.066.7
Olanzapine 15 mg QD43.260.071.175.673.382.284.4
Placebo BID37.845.554.558.660.664.662.6

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Percentage of Participants Who Are PANSS Responders (≥30% Reduction From Baseline in PANSS Total Score) at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35

A PANSS responder was defined as a participant who had a reduction from baseline of at least 30% in the PANSS total score at a post-baseline assessment. The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument for assessing schizophrenia symptoms. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. The Total score is the sum of the ratings for the individual items, and ranged from 30 to 210 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Missing data were imputed by LOCF. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day 4 (n = 95,108,44,97)Day 7 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 14 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 21 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 28 (n = 96,111,45,99)Day 35 (n = 96,111,45,99)
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID0.02.15.28.310.415.6
Asenapine 5 mg BID0.05.45.414.416.221.6
Olanzapine 15 mg QD0.00.04.411.115.615.6
Placebo BID2.15.17.113.114.117.2

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Day 42

Change from baseline in body weight at Day 42 is the Key Safety Outcome Measure. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 42

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID1.3
Asenapine 5 mg BID1.3
Olanzapine 15 mg QD2.4
Placebo BID0.3

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Change From Baseline in CGI-S Score at Day 42

Change from baseline in CGI-S score at Day 42 is a Key Secondary Outcome Measure. CGI-S is a 7-point scale for assessing the global severity of the participant's illness, with ratings from 1=normal, not ill to 7=very severely ill. The reported measure is the change from baseline at Day 42; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 42

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-0.9
Asenapine 5 mg BID-1.2
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-1.1
Placebo BID-1.0

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Change From Baseline in PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 16 items of the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess the symptoms of schizophrenia. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. The PANSS general psychopathology subscale score for each participant was calculated as the sum of the rating assigned to each of the 16 subscale items, and ranged from 16 to 112 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. The reported measure is the change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-2.2-3.8-5.1-5.9-5.9-8.8-8.9
Asenapine 5 mg BID-2.7-4.9-6.2-7.4-8.2-9.2-10.1
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-2.5-4.4-6.4-7.7-8.6-10.2-10.4
Placebo BID-2.4-3.6-5.4-6.7-7.7-7.6-8.0

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Total Score at Day 42

The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument for assessing schizophrenia symptoms. It consists of 3 subscales: positive subscale (7 items), negative subscale (7 items), and general psychopathology subscale (16 items). For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. The PANSS total score for each participant was sum of the rating assigned to each of the 30 PANSS items, and ranged from 30 to 210 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. The reported measure is the change from baseline at Day 42; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 42

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-17.4
Asenapine 5 mg BID-21.7
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-21.6
Placebo BID-16.2

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Percentage of Participants Who Are PANSS Responders (≥30% Reduction From Baseline in PANSS Total Score) at Day 42

Rate of PANSS responders at Day 42 is a Key Secondary Outcome Measure. A PANSS responder was defined as a participant who had a reduction from baseline of at least 30% in the PANSS total score at a post-baseline assessment. The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument for assessing schizophrenia symptoms. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. The Total score is the sum of the ratings for the individual items, and ranged from 30 to 210 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Missing data were imputed by Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF). (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 42

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID14.6
Asenapine 5 mg BID25.2
Olanzapine 15 mg QD26.7
Placebo BID19.2

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Change From Baseline in CGI-S Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35

CGI-S is a 7-point scale for assessing the global severity of the participant's illness, with ratings from 1=normal, not ill to 7=very severely ill. The reported measure is the change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.6-0.7-0.9
Asenapine 5 mg BID-0.2-0.3-0.6-0.8-0.9-1.1
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-0.2-0.3-0.6-0.8-0.8-1.0
Placebo BID-0.2-0.3-0.5-0.7-0.8-0.8

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Anxiety/Depression Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 4 items of the Marder anxiety/depression factor of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Marder factors are a modified grouping of the 30 PANSS items. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS Marder factor anxiety/depression symptom score for each participant was sum of rating assigned to each of the 4 applicable Marder factor items, and ranged from 4 to 28 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-0.9-1.5-1.9-2.1-1.9-3.0-2.9
Asenapine 5 mg BID-1.2-2.2-2.9-3.0-3.2-3.6-3.4
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-1.0-1.8-2.5-2.7-2.8-3.2-3.1
Placebo BID-0.9-1.7-2.5-3.1-3.4-3.2-3.0

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Change From Baseline in PANSS Marder Factor Disorganized Thought Symptom Score at Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

This measure reports results for the 7 items of the Marder disorganized thoughts factor of the PANSS, which is a 30-item clinician-rated instrument used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. Marder factors are a modified grouping of the 30 PANSS items. For each item, symptom severity was rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. PANSS Marder factor disorganized thought symptom score for each participant was sum of rating assigned to each of the 7 applicable Marder factor items, and ranged from 7 to 49 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. Measure reports change from baseline; improvement in symptoms is represented by negative values. (NCT01617187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Day 4Day 7Day 14Day 21Day 28Day 35Day 42
Asenapine 2.5 mg BID-0.3-1.0-1.3-2.3-2.4-3.5-3.8
Asenapine 5 mg BID-0.7-1.4-2.0-2.5-3.1-3.5-4.3
Olanzapine 15 mg QD-1.1-1.6-2.2-2.7-3.1-4.3-4.7
Placebo BID-0.7-0.7-1.5-2.1-2.4-2.4-2.7

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Change in Mean Gastric Emptying Time

The investigators aim to test gastric motility, including gastric emptying and antroduodenal contractility parameters, by wireless motility capsule (WMC) before and at the completion of the study to determine if olanzapine has any pro-motility effects in gastroparesis. (NCT01625923)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Baseline GET (minutes)GET at Week 8 (minutes)
Olanzapine468.3563.3

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Change in Mean Serum Glucose

Subjects will undergo regular testing of blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hgb) A1c, body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin levels during the study as well as after treatment completion to determine the safety of the medication. All adverse events will be compiled to investigate the tolerability of the medication. (NCT01625923)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Baseline Serum GlucoseSerum Glucose at Week 8
Olanzapine90.590.5

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Change in Mean Ghrelin Levels Over Time

The investigators seek to determine whether olanzapine promotes secretion of ghrelin in gastroparesis. (NCT01625923)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
Baseline plasma ghrelin (pg/ml)Plasma ghrelin at week 8 (pg/ml)
Olanzapine615.7577.0

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Change in Mean BMI

Subjects will undergo regular testing of blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hgb) A1c, body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin levels during the study as well as after treatment completion to determine the safety of the medication. All adverse events will be compiled to investigate the tolerability of the medication. (NCT01625923)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionkg/m^2 (Mean)
Baseline BMIBMI at Week 8
Olanzapine23.524.9

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Mean GCSI-DD Before/After Treatment With Olanzapine

The investigators will utilize the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index daily diary (GCSI-DD) to compare severity of symptoms before and after treatment with olanzapine. The total GCSI-DD is a validated questionnaire that measures the daily relevant symptoms of gastroparesis and ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (severe symptoms). (NCT01625923)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline GCSI-DD ScoreGCSI-DD Score After Intervention
Olanzapine3.112.17

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS)

BAS is used to rate observable, restless movements of drug induced akathisia and the subjective awareness of restlessness and any distress associated with the akathisia. The BAS consists of the following 3 items: an objective assessment of akathisia symptoms; a subjective assessment of the patient's awareness of inner restlessness; and a global clinical assessment of akathisia. The first two items are rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (no abnormal movements or the absence of inner restlessness) to 3 (severe akathisia or the awareness of intense compulsion to move most of the time). The last item, the global clinical assessment of akathisia, is rated on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 (no evidence of akathisia) to 5 (severe akathisia). Total BAS score ranges from 0 to 14 with a higher score representing worse results. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine-0.01
Placebo + Fluoxetine-0.04

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Response Based on a ≥50% Reduction From Baseline in MADRS Total Score

The MADRS total score is the sum of the 10 items; therefore the possible MADRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. A higher MADRS total score indicates a greater severity of depressive symptoms. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline,8 Weeks

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine65.5
Placebo + Fluoxetine61.2

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieve Remission Based on MADRS Total Score ≤10 at 8 Weeks

The MADRS consists of 10 items with each item rated on a scale ranging from 0 to 6. Fixed descriptors appear along the scale for each item at points 0, 2, 4, and 6, to standardize the gradation of response along the scale. The MADRS total score is the sum of the 10 items; therefore the possible MADRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. A higher MADRS total score indicates a greater severity of depressive symptoms. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine37.9
Placebo + Fluoxetine38.8

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)

SDS consists of 3 items (work/school, social life/leisure activities, and family life/home responsibilities). Total scores range from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating greater disruption. Individual Item scores range from 0 to 10 with higher values indicating greater disruption. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Work/School (n=68,65)Social Life (n=79,79)Family Life (n=79,78)SDS Total Score (68,64)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine-1.34-1.70-1.63-4.57
Placebo + Fluoxetine-1.55-1.49-1.53-4.41

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36)

SF-36, version 2 is a generic participant-rated questionnaire and consists of 36 questions covering the following 8 health domains (subscales): general health, role limitations because of physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, physical functioning, bodily pain, mental health, social functioning, and vitality. Each subscale is scored by summing the individual items and transforming the scores into a 0 to 100 scale, with higher scores indicating better health status or functioning. Two summary scores, the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) were constructed based on the eight SF-36 subscales. Both PCS and MCS range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating better health or functioning. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Physical FunctioningRole-PhysicalBodily PainGeneral HealthVitalitySocial FunctioningRole-EmotionalMental HealthMental Component ScorePhysical Component Score
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine2.203.996.815.827.436.136.618.988.872.87
Placebo + Fluoxetine0.703.930.022.845.044.566.718.438.73-0.65

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS)

SAS scale consists of 10 items including 7 items that address bradykinesia-rigidity and additional single items for tremor, glabellar tap,and salivation. Each item represents a specific physical condition and is rated on a 5-point category rating scale ranging from 0 (complete absence of the condition) to 4 (the condition is present to an extreme degree).The total score is obtained by adding the scores for the 10 individual items making the maximum possible score is 40. Higher scores are indicative of more severe Parkinsonian-type symptoms. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine0.03
Placebo + Fluoxetine-0.14

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Depression (CGI-S) Scale

CGI-S scale measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). The LS mean (LSM) change from baseline, standard error was derived using MMRM methodology with factors for treatment , Pooled Investigator , Visit , (Baseline + Treatment)*Visit. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine-1.43
Placebo + Fluoxetine-1.63

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in Montgomery-Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)

The MADRS total score is the sum of the 10 items; therefore the possible MADRS total score ranges from 0 to 60. A higher MADRS total score indicates a greater severity of depressive symptoms. Least square means (LSM) change from baseline, standard error was derived using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) methodology with factors for treatment, Pooled Investigator, Visit, (Baseline + Treatment)*Visit. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine-15.92
Placebo + Fluoxetine-14.30

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Mean Change From Baseline to 8 Week Endpoint in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)

AIMS is a 12-item scale. Items 1 to 8 are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (no dyskinetic movements) to 4 (severe dyskinetic movements). Item 9 assesses the participant's incapacitation due to abnormal movements, and item 10 assesses the participant's awareness of the abnormal movements and associated distress. Items 9 and 10 are rated on 5-point scales ranging from 0 (none or no awareness) to 4 (severe or aware, severe distress). Items 11 and 12 are yes/no questions regarding the dental status of the participant. The total score is the sum of the scores for the 12 items and the possible total score ranges from 0 to 42. A higher total score is indicative of more severe dyskinetic movements. (NCT01687478)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 Weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine + Fluoxetine-0.16
Placebo + Fluoxetine-0.31

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Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)

"Depression rating scale: Range 0-53, higher scores indicate worse depression. 0-7 = Normal 8-13 = Mild Depression 14-18 = Moderate Depression 19-22 = Severe Depression~≥ 23 = Very Severe Depression" (NCT01833897)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (final score) (Mean)
Ketamine and DCS Treatment9.5

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Beck's Depression Inventory

Range 0-63, with higher scores worse. Total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe. (NCT01833897)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (final score) (Mean)
Ketamine and DCS Treatment10.8

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Hamilton Anxiety Scale

Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe), with a total score range of 0-56, where <17 indi- cates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. (NCT01833897)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (final score) (Mean)
Ketamine and DCS Treatment6.4

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HAM-D Suicide Item

Ham-D suicide item: range 0-4, higher scores indicate worse symptoms (NCT01833897)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (final) (Mean)
Ketamine and DCS Treatment0.3

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Loss of Motivated Behavior HAM-D Factor

includes the total of four HAM-D items: (Item 7: Work and activities, Item 12. Somatic symptoms (appetite), Item 14. Genital symptoms (libido), and Item 16. Weight loss). Range 0-11, higher scores indicate worse symptoms (NCT01833897)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (final score) (Mean)
Ketamine and DCS Treatment1.6

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Change in Clinical Global Impressions - Severity (CGI-S) From Baseline to Day 92

"Change in CGI-S score from baseline (Day 8) to the end of Part A (Week 12; Day 92).~The CGI-S is a 7-point scale intended to measure the severity of a patient's illness at the time of assessment. Scores range from 1 (normal) to 7(extremely ill), so a higher score is correlative to more severe illness." (NCT01903837)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Part A FAS 1 - OLZ + Placebo-0.0
Part A FAS 1 - Olz + Sam 5mg-0.1
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 10mg-0.0
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 20mg-0.1

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Absolute Change in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Score

"Change from baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A).~The PANSS is a 30-item scale measuring severity of schizophrenia symptoms. Symptom severity for each item is rated on a 7-point scale (1 = absent; 7 = extreme), and the total score is added together, with a minimum score of 30 and a maximum score of 210. A higher score indicates more severe symptoms, while a lower score indicates less severe symptoms." (NCT01903837)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A)

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Part A FAS 1 - Olz + Placebo-2.9
Part A FAS 1 - Olz + Sam 5mg-1.5
Part A FAS 1- Olz+ Sam 10mg-2.7
Part A FAS 1- Olz+ Sam 20mg-2.5

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Absolute Change in Body Weight (kg) From Baseline to Day 92

Change from randomization (Day 8) to the end of Part A (Week 12; Day 92) (NCT01903837)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A)

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Placebo2.9
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 5mg2.1
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 10mg1.5
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 20mg2.2
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Placebo3.8
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 5mg2.9
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 10mg1.5
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 20mg1.2

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Percentage of Subjects Exhibiting Significant Weight Gain at Day 92

Significant weight gain will include a >=5%, >= 7%, or >=10% gain in body weight from baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A) (NCT01903837)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A)

,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
>= 5% weight gain>= 7% weight gain>=10% weight gain
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Placebo201410
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 10mg1694
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 20mg16125
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 5mg1883
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Placebo14118
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 10mg843
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 20mg871
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 5mg1373

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Percent Change in Body Weight (Kilogram) From Baseline to Day 92

Percent change from baseline (Day 8) to the end of Part A (Day 92) (NCT01903837)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 8) to Day 92 (end of study Part A)

Interventionpercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Part A FAS 1 - Olz + Placebo4.1
Part A FAS 1 - Olz + Sam 5mg2.8
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 10mg2.1
Part A FAS 1- Olz + Sam 20mg2.9
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Placebo5.3
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 5mg3.8
Part A FAS 2- Olz + Sam 10mg2.2
Part A FAS 2- Olz + 20mg1.6

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Change in Adiposity

Total fat mass (excluding head) from baseline to Day 28 (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

,,
Interventiongrams (Mean)
BaselineDay 28
Iloperidone1474116366
Olanzapine1194213312
Placebo1169012081

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Change in Food Intake

Total grams of food consumed (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

,,
Interventiongrams (Mean)
BaselineDay 28
Iloperidone1196.65571154.1286
Olanzapine1101.77151198.4071
Placebo1567.5261458.108

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Change in Insulin

Change in Insulin levels from baseline to Day 28 (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

,,
InterventionmlU/L (Mean)
BaselineDay 28
Iloperidone9.931610.873
Olanzapine9.774912.0862
Placebo10.961910.785

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Change in Lipid Metabolism

Change in lipid metabolism as measured by cholesterol/HDL ratio (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

,,
Interventionratio (Mean)
BaselineDay 28
Iloperidone2.572.57
Olanzapine2.713.14
Placebo2.72.5

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Insulin Resistance

Homeostatic model assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method for assessing β-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin. (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 28

,,
InterventionHOMA-IR score (Mean)
BaselineDay 28
Iloperidone2.06612.4733
Olanzapine2.04772.6147
Placebo2.29882.3362

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Change Glucose in People Taking Olanzapine or Iloperidone

To quantify, prospectively, change in glucose from baseline to Day 28 (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: Baseline to study termination (about 12 weeks)

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
BaselineDay 28
Iloperidone1443013975
Olanzapine11500.7111276.43
Placebo10925.512179.5

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Change in Leptin

Leptin levels measured at Day 3 compared to baseline (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: change in baseline to Day 3

Interventionng/dL (Mean)
Olanzapine2.47
Iloperidone1.76
Placebo1.16

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Change in Body Weight

Delineate a pathophysiological mechanism of antipsychotic induced weight gain (NCT01920802)
Timeframe: baseline and 6 week visit

Interventionkg (Mean)
Olanzapine3.2
Iloperidone0.8
Placebo0.4

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events.

Olanzapine will be considered tolerable if less than 10% of patients experience a grade III or IV adverse event attributable to olanzapine. (NCT02097823)
Timeframe: Ongoing, throughout the study. Will be fully evaluated in approximately 1 year, at the conclusion of data collection. Each patient will be followed during 2 cycles of chemotherapy, an expected average of 6 weeks.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant0
Olanzapine0

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Feasibility of Recruitment and Data Collection.

Primary objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of recruitment and data collection for conducting a larger trial. Recruitment and data collection will be feasible if at least 20 subjects can be recruited in 1 year and there is a 90% form completion rate. (NCT02097823)
Timeframe: Approximately 1 year after study opens, at the conclusion of data collection. Participants will be followed during 2 cycles of chemotherapy, an expected average of 6 weeks. Data will be collected over 5 days during each cycle.

Interventionpercentage of completed forms (Number)
All Participants70.4

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Complete Response in Overall Phase

This will measure what percentage of patients have a complete response (no emesis or use of breakthrough medications) in the overall phase (0-120 hours). (NCT02097823)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed during 2 cycles of chemotherapy, an expected average of 6 weeks. Data will be collected over 5 days during each cycle.

Interventionpercentage of participants with CR (Number)
Aprepitant23.1
Olanzapine28.6

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Complete Response in Delayed Phase

This will measure what percentage of patients have a complete response (no emesis or use of breakthrough medications) in the delayed phase (25-120 hours). (NCT02097823)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed during 2 cycles of chemotherapy, an expected average of 6 weeks. Data will be collected over 5 days during each cycle.

Interventionpercentage of participants with CR (Number)
Aprepitant23.1
Olanzapine28.6

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Complete Response in Acute Phase

This will measure what percentage of patients have a complete response (no emesis or use of breakthrough medications) in the acute phase (0-24 hours). (NCT02097823)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed during 2 cycles of chemotherapy, an expected average of 6 weeks. Data will be collected over 5 days during each cycle.

Interventionpercentage of participants with CR (Number)
Aprepitant76.9
Olanzapine78.6

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Good Control of Nausea

"Good control of nausea will be ratings <25 on visual analog scale by parents and <2 on baxter retching faces scale by patients. Will look at the proportions of patients with good control of nausea.~The visual analog scale ranged from 0-100, with 0 being no nausea and 100 being very very severe nausea. The Baxter retching faces scale ranged from 0-10 using only even numbers (0,2,4,6,8,10) and each number has a corresponding face depicting someone experiencing varying levels of nausea, with 0 being no nausea and 10 being a picture of face vomiting." (NCT02097823)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed during 2 cycles of chemotherapy, an expected average of 6 weeks. Data will be collected over 5 days during each cycle.

,
Interventionpercentage of participant w/good control (Number)
Visual Analog Scale/ParentsBARF scale/Patients
Aprepitant54.554.5
Olanzapine5050

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Median Nausea Scores

Nausea scores was measured using a visual-analogue scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (as bad as it can be). (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapy

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
BaselineDay 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6
Olanzapine000000
Placebo011111

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Proportion of Patients With Complete Response

Complete response was defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication during the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods as measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after chemotherapy

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
0-24 hours after chemotherapy25-120 hours after chemotherapy0-120 hours after chemotherapy
Olanzapine85.766.963.6
Placebo64.652.440.6

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Proportion of Patients With no Nausea

No nausea was defined as a response of 0 in the nausea item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods after chemotherapy. (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after chemotherapy

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
0-24 hours after chemotherapy25-120 hours after chemotherapy0-120 hours after chemotherapy
Olanzapine73.842.437.3
Placebo45.325.421.9

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Frequency of Rescue Medication

Patients were asked to record daily number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken because they developed nausea/vomiting in the following categories: None, One, Two, More than two in Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary Questionnaire. (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Day 272213840Day 272213839Day 372213839Day 372213840Day 472213839Day 472213840Day 572213840Day 572213839Day 672213839Day 672213840
More than twiceTwiceNoneOnce
Olanzapine156
Placebo117
Olanzapine21
Placebo35
Placebo19
Olanzapine2
Olanzapine158
Placebo124
Olanzapine11
Placebo24
Olanzapine7
Placebo20
Olanzapine4
Placebo10
Olanzapine141
Olanzapine16
Olanzapine10
Placebo17
Olanzapine3
Placebo11
Olanzapine145
Placebo131
Olanzapine19
Placebo23
Olanzapine5
Placebo7
Olanzapine143
Placebo130
Olanzapine12
Placebo16
Placebo14

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Patient Outcomes

Our primary study outcome evaluated the feasibility of a future trial of olanzapine that would evaluate the contribution of olanzapine to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control in pediatric oncology patients. A future trial was considered feasible if the following patient outcomes were met: mean time to enroll 15 patients was 12 months or less per site, 12 or more patients took at least half of the planned olanzapine doses, and 3 or less patients experienced significant sedation or dizziness despite dose reduction. (NCT02129478)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Participants enrolled at 12 monthsPatients taking half olanzapine doses at 12 monthsPatients with sedation or dizziness at half dose
Olanzapine15150

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability

All early discontinuation of olanzapine or dose reduction cases will be reported. (NCT02129478)
Timeframe: Every day for 30 days after the last dose of the study drug

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
# patients with reduced dose# patients with drug discontinuation
Olanzapine62

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Proportion of Patients With Complete CINV Control

The proportion of children achieving complete CINV control (no nausea, vomiting, or retching and no use of breakthrough antiemetic agents) during the acute (24 hours after the last dose of chemotherapy is administered) and delayed phases (the 7 days following the acute phase) will be described. The duration of assessment will depend on the number of days each individual patient receives chemotherapy. Nausea will be assessed using the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT). (NCT02129478)
Timeframe: During the acute (24 hours) and delayed (7 days after acute phase) phases, up to 2 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine0

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Number of Participants With Independent Adjudication Committee (IAC) Adjudicated Event of Exacerbation of Disease (EEDS)

"EEDS was defined as any of the following occurring during the double-blind period & was related to worsening of disease symptoms, as confirmed by the Independent Adjudication Committee (IAC):~Hospitalization (includes psychiatric& treatment of alcohol intoxication/withdrawal)~>= 25% or >= 15 point increase from randomization in PANSS total score~PANSS items score of P1, P2, P3, P6, P7 or G8 that meets 1 of the following:~3a. Score >= 5 for subjects at a 2nd ad hoc visit with a score <=3 at randomization 3b. Score >= 6 for subjects at a 2nd ad hoc visit with a score =4 at randomization 4. Engagement in self injury, aggressive behavior, or suicidal/homicidal ideation 5. Initiation of rescue medication, including increase in olanzapine dosage initially prescribed at randomization 6. ER visit 7. Subject withdraws or PI discontinues subject for lack of efficacy, lost to follow-up, or withdrawal by subject 8. Arrest or incarceration related to subject's underlying disease" (NCT02161718)
Timeframe: Up to 15 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Number of Subjects with IAC Adjudicated EEDSNumber of Subjects Censored
ALKS 38312587
Olanzapine + Placebo2988

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Number of Events of Exacerbation of Disease (EEDS)

"EEDS was defined as any of the following occurring during the double-blind period & was related to worsening of disease symptoms, as confirmed by the Independent Adjudication Committee (IAC):~Hospitalization(includes psychiatric & treatment of alcohol intoxication/withdrawal)~>= 25% or >= 15 point increase from randomization in PANSS total score~PANSS items score of P1, P2, P3, P6, P7 or G8 that meets 1 of the following:~3a. Score >= 5 for subjects at a 2nd ad hoc visit with a score <=3 at randomization 3b. Score >= 6 for subjects at a 2nd ad hoc visit with a score =4 at randomization 4. Engagement in self injury, aggressive behavior, or suicidal/homicidal ideation 5. Initiation of rescue medication, including increase in olanzapine dosage initially prescribed at randomization 6. ER visit 7. Subject withdraws or PI discontinues subject for lack of efficacy, lost to follow-up, or withdrawal by subject 8. Arrest or incarceration related to subject's underlying disease" (NCT02161718)
Timeframe: Up to 15 months

InterventionEvents (Number)
ALKS 383135
Olanzapine + Placebo49

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Part 3 (EDP): Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Psychotic Symptoms, as Measured by CRDPSS

The CRDPSS is an 8-item measure that assesses the severity of mental health symptoms that are important across psychotic disorders, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal psychomotor behavior, negative symptoms. Each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (0=none; 1=equivocal; 2=present, but mild; 3=present and moderate; and 4=present and severe). Total Score is taken as summation. A higher score indicates a more severe condition. Worsened or improved is defined as increase or decrease compared to baseline. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 18 Months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hallucinations72513609Hallucinations72513610Delusions72513609Delusions72513610Disorganized Speech72513609Disorganized Speech72513610Abnormal Psychomotor Behavior72513609Abnormal Psychomotor Behavior72513610Negative Symptoms72513609Negative Symptoms72513610Impaired Cognition72513609Impaired Cognition72513610Mania72513609Mania72513610Depression72513609Depression72513610
WorsenedUnchangedImproved
Part 3-PP to PP3
Part 3-OAP to OAP8
Part 3-PP to PP27
Part 3-OAP to OAP29
Part 3-PP to PP11
Part 3-OAP to OAP10
Part 3-PP to PP6
Part 3-PP to PP21
Part 3-OAP to OAP20
Part 3-PP to PP14
Part 3-OAP to OAP17
Part 3-PP to PP2
Part 3-OAP to OAP36
Part 3-PP to PP12
Part 3-PP to PP4
Part 3-OAP to OAP2
Part 3-PP to PP32
Part 3-OAP to OAP37
Part 3-PP to PP5
Part 3-OAP to OAP4
Part 3-OAP to OAP22
Part 3-PP to PP19
Part 3-OAP to OAP21
Part 3-PP to PP10
Part 3-OAP to OAP9
Part 3-OAP to OAP23
Part 3-PP to PP17
Part 3-OAP to OAP15
Part 3-PP to PP0
Part 3-OAP to OAP3
Part 3-PP to PP40
Part 3-OAP to OAP39
Part 3-PP to PP1
Part 3-OAP to OAP5
Part 3-PP to PP7
Part 3-OAP to OAP6
Part 3-PP to PP26
Part 3-PP to PP8
Part 3-OAP to OAP12

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Adjusted Intracortical Myelin (ICM) Fraction Score as Measured by Inversion Recovery (IR) and Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

"The adjusted ICM fraction score is quantified as: 1. The volume of myelinated brain tissue is measured separately on co-localized IR and proton density (PD) MRI images, by outlining the boundary between gray matter and white matter on each image. 2. ICM is calculated from the difference of IR volume minus PD volume. 3. ICM is then expressed as a fraction of the total intracranial volume (ICM divided by intracranial volume). 4. The ICM fraction is then adjusted for effects of age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the sample of treated participants and healthy controls. A decrease in the adjusted ICM fraction score may be a sign of disease progression." (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

Interventionratio (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)-0.001
Part-2: OAP-0.004

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Attention/Vigilance Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess attention/vigilance score of participants. The range of attention/vigilance score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)3.2
Part-2: OAP0.7

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) Score

"The Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) rating scale is used to rate the severity of a participant's overall clinical condition on a 7 point scale. The score ranges from 1 to 7, where 1 is equivalent to Normal, not at all ill and a rating of 7 is equivalent to Among the most extremely ill participants. Higher scores indicate worsening." (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 9 Months of Part 2

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)-0.2
Part-2: OAP-0.3

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Cognition as Measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Composite Score

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery is an instrument that contains 10 tests to measure cognitive performance in 7 cognitive domains: speed processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. The composite score combines the individual scores of the 10 tests and scores them on a normative scale to derive a T-score and composites scores. The range of T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9

InterventionT-score (Least Squares Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)2.0
Part-2: OAP2.8

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Functioning as Measured by the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score

The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale assesses degree of a participant's dysfunction within 4 domains of behavior: 1) socially useful activities, 2) personal and social relationships, 3) self-care, and 4) disturbing and aggressive behavior. Each domain was assessed on a 6-point scale, from 1 (absent) to 6 (very severe) (1 = absent, 2 = mild, 3 = manifest, 4 = marked, 5 = severe, and 6 = very severe). PSP total score was calculated as sum of all the domain scores and ranges from 1 to 100. Participants with score of 71 to 100 have mild degree of difficulty; from 31 to 70, varying degrees of disability; less than or equal to 30, functioning so poorly as to require intensive supervision. Higher score indicate better performance. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)2.5
Part-2: OAP2.9

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) Total Score

The Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) is a 7-point, verbally administered, Likert-type scale rated as follows: 1=Extremely Dissatisfied, 2=Very Dissatisfied, 3=Somewhat Dissatisfied, 4=Neither Satisfied Nor Dissatisfied, 5=Somewhat Satisfied, 6=Very Satisfied, 7=Extremely Satisfied. Worst value is 1 (Extremely Dissatisfied) and best value is 7 (Extremely Satisfied). Total score ranges from 1 to 7. Higher score indicate improvement. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and endpoint Part 2 (up to 9 Months)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)-0.2
Part-2: OAP0.1

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Reasoning and Problem Solving: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess reasoning and problem solving of participants. The range of reasoning and problem solving T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)0.2
Part-2: OAP2.8

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Social Cognition Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess social cognition score of participants. The range of social cognition score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)0.3
Part-2: OAP1.6

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Speed of Processing Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess speed of processing score of participants. The range of speed of processing T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)1.8
Part-2: OAP3.5

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Verbal Learning Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess verbal learning score of participants. The range of verbal learning score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)1.3
Part-2: OAP1.0

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Visual Learning Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess visual learning score of participants. The range of visual learning score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)1.3
Part-2: OAP1.4

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Reasoning and Problem Solving: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess reasoning and problem solving score of participants. The range of reasoning and problem solving T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP3.4
Part 3-OAP to OAP4.7

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Social Cognition Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess social cognition score of participants. The range of social cognition score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP-0.2
Part 3-OAP to OAP1.4

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Speed of Processing Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess speed of processing score of participants. The range of speed of processing score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP2.5
Part 3-OAP to OAP4.9

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Change From Baseline in Working Memory Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess working memory of participants. The range of working memory score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)-0.2
Part-2: OAP-0.8

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Part 3 (Disease Modification): Change From Baseline in Adjusted Intracortical Myelin Fraction Score as Measured by Inversion Recovery (IR) and Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SE MRI)

"The adjusted ICM fraction score is quantified as: 1. The volume of myelinated brain tissue is measured separately on co-localized IR and proton density (PD) MRI images, by outlining the boundary between gray matter and white matter on each image. 2. ICM is calculated from the difference of IR volume minus PD volume. 3. ICM is then expressed as a fraction of the total intracranial volume (ICM divided by intracranial volume). 4. The ICM fraction is then adjusted for effects of age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the sample of treated participants and healthy controls. A decrease in the adjusted ICM fraction score may be a sign of disease progression." (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9 of Part 3

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP-0.7
Part 3- OAP to PP (or Delayed-Start PP)-0.2
Part 3-OAP to OAP0.5

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Part 3 (Disease Modification): Change From Baseline in Cognition as Measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Composite Score

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery is an instrument that contains 10 tests to measure cognitive performance in 7 cognitive domains: speed processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. The composite score combines the individual scores of the 10 tests and scores them on a normative scale to derive a T-score and composites scores. The range of T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 260

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3- PP to PP-0.7
Part 3- OAP to PP (or Delayed-Start PP)-0.2
Part 3-OAP to OAP0.5

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Part 3 (Disease Modification): Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Observed Score

The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale assesses degree of a participant's dysfunction within 4 domains of behavior: 1) socially useful activities, 2) personal and social relationships, 3) self-care, and 4) disturbing and aggressive behavior. Score ranges from 1 to 100, divided into 10 equal intervals to rate degree of difficulty (1 = absent, 2 = mild, 3 = manifest, 4 = marked, 5 = severe, and 6 = very severe) in each of the 4 domains. Based on 4 domains there will be 1 transformed total score. Participants with score of 71 to 100 have mild degree of difficulty; from 31 to 70, varying degrees of disability; less than or equal to 30, functioning so poorly as to require intensive supervision. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Month 9 of Part 3

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP67.6
Part 3- OAP to PP (or Delayed-Start PP)66.1
Part 3-OAP to OAP66.6

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Adjusted Intracortical Myelin Fraction Score as Measured by Inversion Recovery (IR) and Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

"The adjusted ICM fraction score is quantified as: 1. The volume of myelinated brain tissue is measured separately on co-localized IR and proton density (PD) MRI images, by outlining the boundary between gray matter and white matter on each image. 2. ICM is calculated from the difference of IR volume minus PD volume. 3. ICM is then expressed as a fraction of the total intracranial volume (ICM divided by intracranial volume). 4. The ICM fraction is then adjusted for effects of age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the sample of treated participants and healthy controls. A decrease in the adjusted ICM fraction score may be a sign of disease progression." (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

Interventionratio (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP-0.001
Part 3-OAP to OAP-0.003

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Visual Learning Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess visual learning score of participants. The range of visual learning score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP0.2
Part 3-OAP to OAP-0.2

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) Score

"The Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) rating scale is used to rate the severity of a participant's overall clinical condition on a 7 point scale. The total score ranges from 1 to 7, where 1 is equivalent to Normal, not at all ill and a rating of 7 is equivalent to Among the most extremely ill participants. Higher scores indicate worsening." (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 18 Months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP-0.7
Part 3-OAP to OAP-0.7

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Functioning as Measured by the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score

The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale assesses degree of a participant's dysfunction within 4 domains of behavior: 1) socially useful activities, 2) personal and social relationships, 3) self-care, and 4) disturbing and aggressive behavior. Each domain was assessed on a 6-point scale, from 1 (absent) to 6 (very severe) (1 = absent, 2 = mild, 3 = manifest, 4 = marked, 5 = severe, and 6 = very severe). PSP total score was calculated as sum of all the domain scores and ranges from 1 to 100. Participants with score of 71 to 100 have mild degree of difficulty; from 31 to 70, varying degrees of disability; less than or equal to 30, functioning so poorly as to require intensive supervision. Higher score indicate better performance. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP7.5
Part 3-OAP to OAP7.0

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) Score

The Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) is a 7-point, verbally administered, Likert-type scale rated as follows: 1=Extremely Dissatisfied, 2=Very Dissatisfied, 3=Somewhat Dissatisfied, 4=Neither Satisfied Nor Dissatisfied, 5=Somewhat Satisfied, 6=Very Satisfied, 7=Extremely Satisfied. Worst value is 1 (Extremely Dissatisfied) and best value is 7 (Extremely Satisfied). Total score ranges from 1 to 7. Higher score indicate improvement. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 18 Months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP0.3
Part 3-OAP to OAP0.4

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Attention/Vigilance Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess attention/vigilance score of participants. The range of attention/vigilance score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP2.4
Part 3-OAP to OAP0.7

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Working Memory Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess working memory of participants. The range of working memory score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP-1.7
Part 3-OAP to OAP0.7

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Part 3 (EDP): Time to First Treatment Failure

Treatment failure is defined as the time from participant's randomization to first treatment failure, which was a composite endpoint consisting of any of the following: 1) Psychiatric hospitalization due to worsening symptoms; 2) Any deliberate self-injury, suicidal ideation or behavior, homicidal ideation or violent behavior that is clinically significant and needs immediate intervention as determined by the study physician; 3) New arrest/incarceration; 4) Discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to inadequate efficacy as determined by the study physician; 5) Discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to safety or tolerability as determined by the study physician; 6) Treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic due to inadequate efficacy as determined by the study physician; 7) Increase in the level of psychiatric services in order to prevent imminent psychiatric hospitalization as determined by the study physician. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: From Day 1 Up to 18 Months

Interventiondays (Median)
Part 3-PP to PPNA
Part 3-OAP to OAPNA

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Part 3 (Extended Disease Progression [EDP]): Change From Baseline in Cognition as Measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Composite Score

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery is an instrument that contains 10 tests to measure cognitive performance in 7 cognitive domains: speed processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. The composite score combines the individual scores of the 10 tests and scores them on a normative scale to derive a T-score and composites scores. The range of T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP1.6
Part 3-OAP to OAP3.2

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Part-2 (Disease Progression): Time to First Treatment Failure

Treatment failure is defined as the time from participant's randomization to first treatment failure, which was a composite endpoint consisting of any of the following: 1) Psychiatric hospitalization due to worsening symptoms; 2) Any deliberate self-injury, suicidal ideation or behavior, homicidal ideation or violent behavior that is clinically significant and needs immediate intervention as determined by the study physician; 3) New arrest/incarceration; 4) Discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to inadequate efficacy as determined by the study physician; 5) Discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to safety or tolerability as determined by the study physician; 6) Treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic due to inadequate efficacy as determined by the study physician; 7) Increase in the level of psychiatric services in order to prevent imminent psychiatric hospitalization as determined by the study physician. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: From Day 1 up to 9 Months

Interventiondays (Median)
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)NA
Part-2: OAPNA

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Part 2 (Disease Progression): Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Psychotic Symptoms, as Measured by Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity Scale (CRDPSS)

The CRDPSS is an 8-item measure that assesses the severity of mental health symptoms that are important across psychotic disorders, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal psychomotor behavior, negative symptoms. Each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (0=none; 1=equivocal; 2=present, but mild; 3=present and moderate; and 4=present and severe). Total Score is taken as summation. A higher score indicates a more severe condition. Worsened or improved is defined as increase or decrease compared to baseline. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 9 Months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hallucinations72513608Hallucinations72513614Delusions72513614Delusions72513608Disorganized Speech72513614Disorganized Speech72513608Abnormal Psychomotor Behavior72513614Abnormal Psychomotor Behavior72513608Negative Symptoms72513608Negative Symptoms72513614Impaired Cognition72513614Impaired Cognition72513608Mania72513608Mania72513614Depression72513608Depression72513614
UnchangedImprovedWorsened
Part-2: OAP19
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)29
Part-2: OAP73
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)14
Part-2: OAP33
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)10
Part-2: OAP20
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)23
Part-2: OAP70
Part-2: OAP35
Part-2: OAP13
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)36
Part-2: OAP85
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)12
Part-2: OAP27
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)9
Part-2: OAP14
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)37
Part-2: OAP86
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)4
Part-2: OAP25
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)16
Part-2: OAP61
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)17
Part-2: OAP39
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)13
Part-2: OAP29
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)22
Part-2: OAP52
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)15
Part-2: OAP44
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)1
Part-2: OAP7
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)47
Part-2: OAP107
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)2
Part-2: OAP11
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)7
Part-2: OAP28
Part-2: Paliperidone Palmitate (PP)33
Part-2: OAP74
Part-2: OAP23

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Part 3 (EDP): Change From Baseline in Verbal Learning Score: MCCB Domain

MCCB measures cognitive function across cognitive domains and is comprised of 10 independent tests assessing 7 cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition). A subset of the MCCB cognitive domain was used to assess verbal learning score of participants. The range of verbal learning score T-scores for a normal control population is between 0 to 100 with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. (NCT02431702)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Months

InterventionT-score (Mean)
Part 3-PP to PP0.3
Part 3-OAP to OAP0.8

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Patient Satisfaction Survey (PSS) Total Score at Week 0 and 12

The PSS is a brief scale designed to capture a psychiatric patient's satisfaction with a clinician. The scale covers 6 domains: Trust (3 items), Communication (3 items), Exploration of Ideas/Options (2 items), Body Language (2 items), Active Listening (4 items), and Miscellaneous Items (6 items). Out of the 20 items, the first 19 are scored on a 5-point Likert Scale (1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=satisfactory, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree). The last question (6f) is a free-response question asking for input on how the clinician might improve. Sum of scores of individual items give a total score (range 9-95). Higher scores indicate greater degree of satisfaction. Due to early study termination collected data was not summarized. Hence, individual data for each participant was reported. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Number)
Participant 1 (Week 0)Participant 1 (Week 12)Participant 2 (Week 0)Participant 2 (Week 12)Participant 3 (Week 0)Participant 3 (Week 12)Participant 4 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 12)Participant 6 (Week 0)Participant 6 (Week 12)Participant 7 (Week 0)Participant 7 (Week 12)Participant 8 (Week 0)Participant 8 (Week 12)Participant 9 (Week 0)Participant 9 (Week 12)
Cohort 17676525757574866647676767263727176

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Adherence to Antipsychotic Medication as Assessed by Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS) at Week 0 and 12

The BARS is a 4-item scale that includes 3 questions and an overall visual analog rating scale that assesses participant's knowledge about his/her medication. The key measure of adherence is the visual analog scale and assesses the percentage of doses taken by the participants in the past month (0 percent [%] - 100%). The 3 questions include: number of prescribed doses per day, number of days in the past month when the participant did not take the prescribed doses, and the number of days in the past month when the participant took less than the prescribed dose. Due to early study termination collected data was not summarized. Hence, individual data for each participant was reported. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 12

Interventionpercent adherence (Number)
Participant 1 (Week 0)Participant 1 (Week 12)Participant 2 (Week 0)Participant 2 (Week 12)Participant 3 (Week 0)Participant 3 (Week 12)Participant 4 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 12)Participant 6 (Week 0)Participant 6 (Week 12)Participant 7 (Week 0)Participant 7 (Week 12)Participant 8 (Week 0)Participant 8 (Week 12)Participant 9 (Week 0)Participant 9 (Week 12)
Cohort 110010010010010010097939090969095100100100100

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Antipsychotic Medication Plasma Levels (AMPL) During the Active Assessment Phase at Week 12

AMPL of the individual participant during the active assessment phase was reported. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (Number)
Participant 1- ARIPIPRAZOLEParticipant 1- DEHYDROARIPIPRAZOLEParticipant 2- OLANZAPINEParticipant 2- PALIPERIDONEParticipant 3- 7-OH QUETIAPINEParticipant 3-NORQUETIAPINEParticipant 3-QUETIAPINEParticipant 3-QUETIAPINE SULFOXIDEParticipant 5-7-OH QUETIAPINEParticipant 5-NORQUETIAPINEParticipant 5-QUETIAPINEParticipant 5-QUETIAPINE SULFOXIDEParticipant 6-ARIPIPRAZOLEParticipant 6-DEHYDROARIPIPRAZOLEParticipant 7-PALIPERIDONEParticipant 7-RISPERIDONEParticipant 8-ARIPIPRAZOLEParticipant 8-DEHYDROARIPIPRAZOLEParticipant 9- 7-OH QUETIAPINEParticipant 9- NORQUETIAPINEParticipant 9- PALIPERIDONEParticipant 9- QUETIAPINEParticipant 9- QUETIAPINE SULFOXIDEParticipant 9- RISPERIDONE
Cohort 1596.00139.0027.3045.1043.10660.00280.00660.007.72153.0050.30321.00464.00112.0031.0026.20168.0033.000.2002.000.1002.002.000.100

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Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score at Week 0 and 12

Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) rating scale used to rate the severity of a participant's overall clinical condition on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (not ill) to 7 (extremely severe). Due to early study termination collected data was not summarized. Hence, individual data for each participant was reported. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Number)
Participant 1 (Week 0)Participant 1 (Week 12)Participant 2 (Week 0)Participant 2 (Week 12)Participant 3 (Week 0)Participant 3 (Week 12)Participant 4 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 12)Participant 6 (Week 0)Participant 6 (Week 12)Participant 7 (Week 0)Participant 7 (Week 12)Participant 8 (Week 0)Participant 8 (Week 12)Participant 9 (Week 0)Participant 9 (Week 12)
Cohort 143434453333344333

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Clinician's Rating Scale of Adherence (CRS) Score at Week 0 and 12

The CRS is an ordinal scale filled by the clinician. The scores range from 1 to 7 that were used to quantify the clinician's assessment of treatment adherence by the patient. Higher scores indicate greater adherence. Due to early study termination collected data was not summarized. Hence, individual data for each participant was reported. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Number)
Participant 1 (Week 0)Participant 1 (Week 12)Participant 2 (Week 0)Participant 2 (Week 12)Participant 3 (Week 0)Participant 3 (Week 12)Participant 4 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 12)Participant 6 (Week 0)Participant 6 (Week 12)Participant 7 (Week 0)Participant 7 (Week 12)Participant 8 (Week 0)Participant 8 (Week 12)Participant 9 (Week 0)Participant 9 (Week 12)
Cohort 177777777777777777

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Number of Participants With Medication Treatment Modifications (MTM)

Information on MTMs derived from data collected in the clinical assessment of the schizophrenia patient (CASP) questionnaire. The CASP captured changes in medications, changes in psychosocial treatments, visit frequency, and the need for any acute interventions. The CASP comprised of 3 sections covering several parameters. The CASP captured changes in treatment options which was used to compute MTM, as well as factors in clinical decision making and the influence of antipsychotic medication plasma levels (AMPL), when they were available, on clinical decision making. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Cohort 14

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Number of Participants With Factors Considered in Clinical Decision as Assessed by Clinical Assessment of the Schizophrenia Patient (CASP)

The CASP and data on concomitant medications and psychosocial treatments were used to evaluate the impact of AMPL results on other aspects of clinical decision making. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Side Effects Of MedicationAttitude Toward TreatmentReport of Increased SymptomsReport of Decrease in SymptomsPatient Still SymptomaticPatient Ideation
Cohort 1324311

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Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity Scale (DPSS) Total Score at Week 0 and 12

The DPSS is a clinician-rated scale used to rate 8 domains commonly seen in patients with psychotic disorders. Each domain was rated on a 5-point scale (0 to 4) with anchored description of endpoints. Total score was computed by summing the scores of individual items (range of 0-32). Higher scores represent more severe condition. Due to early study termination collected data was not summarized. Hence, individual data for each participant was reported. (NCT02462473)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Number)
Participant 1 (Week 0)Participant 1 (Week 12)Participant 2 (Week 0)Participant 2 (Week 12)Participant 3 (Week 0)Participant 3 (Week 12)Participant 4 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 0)Participant 5 (Week 12)Participant 6 (Week 0)Participant 6 (Week 12)Participant 7 (Week 0)Participant 7 (Week 12)Participant 8 (Week 0)Participant 8 (Week 12)Participant 9 (Week 0)Participant 9 (Week 12)
Cohort 11248288149474584446

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Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With Complete Response in Overall Phase

"Overall phase was defined as 0 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~Complete response was defined as no vomiting with no rescue therapy." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen20
Control Regimen15

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Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With Complete Response in the Acute Phase

Acute phase was defined as 0 to 24 hours following initiation of chemotherapy. Complete response was defined as no vomiting with no rescue therapy. (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen20
Control Regimen17

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Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With Complete Response in the Delayed Phase

"Delayed phase was defined as 24 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~Complete response was defined as no vomiting with no rescue therapy." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 24 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen20
Aprepitant Regimen15

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Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With No Vomiting in the Acute Phase

"Overall Phase was defined as 0 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~No vomiting was defined as no vomiting or retching or dry heaves (included participants who received rescue ）" (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen18
Control Regimen15

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Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With No Vomiting in the Delayed Phase

"Overall Phase was defined as 24 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~No vomiting was defined as no vomiting or retching or dry heaves (included participants who received rescue therapy)." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 24 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen17
Control Regimen7

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Proportion of Participants Receiving HEC With No Vomiting in the Overall Phase

"Overall phase was defined as 0 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~No vomiting was defined as no vomiting or retching or dry heaves (included participants who received rescue therapy)." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen17
Control Regimen6

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Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With Complete Response in Overall Phase

"Overall phase was defined as 0 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~Complete response was defined as no vomiting with no rescue therapy." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen36
Control Regimen40

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Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With Complete Response in the Acute Phase

Acute phase was defined as 0 to 24 hours following initiation of chemotherapy. Complete response was defined as no vomiting with no rescue therapy. (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen36
Control Regimen41

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Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With Complete Response in the Delayed Phase

"Delayed phase was defined as 24 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~Complete response was defined as no vomiting with no rescue therapy." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 24 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen36
Control Regimen40

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Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With No Vomiting in the Acute Phase

"Overall Phase was defined as 0 to 24 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~No vomiting was defined as no vomiting or retching or dry heaves (included participants who received rescue therapy)." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen35
Control Regimen40

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Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With No Vomiting in the Delayed Phase

"Overall Phase was defined as 24 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~No vomiting was defined as no vomiting or retching or dry heaves (included participants who received rescue therapy)." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 24 to 120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen30
Control Regimen31

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Proportion of Participants Receiving MEC With No Vomiting in the Overall Phase

"Overall Phase was defined as 0 to 120 hours following initiation of chemotherapy.~No vomiting was defined as no vomiting or retching or dry heaves (included participants who received rescue therapy)." (NCT02484911)
Timeframe: 0-120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine Regimen30
Control Regimen30

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Change in The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale Score

Change in The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale score, a self-report scale measuring suicidality. Only the total score, not subscale of suicidal ideation intensity, will be measured. Total scores can range from 0-10, with higher scores indicating increased suicidality. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and 2, 5, 10, 15 days during medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineAfter 2 days medicationAfter 5 days medicationAfter 10 days medicationAfter 15 days medication
Second Generation Antipsychotic Drug00000

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Change in Surface Area of the Frontal, Parietal and Temporal Regions

Change in the cortical surface area (millimeters squared) of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes as defined by Freesurfer's Desikan-Killiany Brain Atlas. Data was acquired using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionmm^2 (Mean)
Frontal lobeParietal lobe
Olanzapine-801.19-581.56

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Change in LUNSERS (Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale) Score

"Change in LUNSERS (Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale) score, a self-report measure of antipsychotic side effects. The scale has 51 questions, 41 of which are about side-effects and 10 red herrings for validation purposes. The total neuroleptic side effect score is derived from the sum of the 41 side-effect questions, with a potential range of 0-164. Higher scores indicate more severe neuroleptic side effects." (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and 2, 5, 10 and 15 days (or final assessment) during medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline2 days5 days10 daysEndpoint
Olanzapine0.204.502.112.223.90

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Change in Hip Circumference

Change in the hip circumference measurement, taken as an average of 3 measures by tape measure (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and 2, 5, 10 and 15 days (or final assessment) during medication period

Interventioncm (Mean)
Baseline2 days5 days10 daysEndpoint
Olanzapine0-0.43-1.10-1.62-1.24

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Change in Fractional Anisotropy (FA) Measured by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Change in fractional anisotropy (FA), a scalar measure of diffusivity, of water in the brain assessed by DTI at 3T. FA values range from 0 (isotropic, meaning diffusion is equally restricted in 3D space) to 1 (anisotrophic, meaning that diffusion is completely restricted to a single direction). (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Core FAGenu of corpus callosumCingulumInferior fronto-occipital fasciculusAnterior thalamic radiation
Olanzapine0.0007-0.003-0.008-0.0020.002

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Change in fMRI Resting State Functional Connectivity

Change in resting state functional connectivity to the medial prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobules following olanzapine administration period. Whole-brain, seed-to-voxel analyses were conducted utilizing anatomically-defined seed regions and age-corrected within-subjects f-tests were run to determine the presence and size (in voxels) of clusters where connectivity changed significantly following olanzapine administration. Results are reported in units of voxels for each cluster meeting a threshold of voxel-level uncorrected p<.001 and cluster-level p-FDR<.05. A result of zero indicates that no clusters were identified within subjects as changed in connectivity relative to the seed regions. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

InterventionVoxels (Number)
medial prefrontal cortexsuperior parietal lobule
Olanzapine00

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Change in Body Weight

Change in participant body weight in kg, as measured using a standing scale. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and 2, 5, 10 and 15 days (or final assessment) during medication period

Interventionkg (Mean)
Baseline2 days5 days10 daysEndpoint
Olanzapine0-0.290.120.210.73

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Change in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Score

Change in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score, an interview-based, 11-item scale that measures the severity of core features of clinical mania. 7 items are scored on a 0-4 point scale, while the remaining 4 are scored on a 0-8 point scale, for a total possible range of 0-64. Higher scores indicate more severe manic symptoms. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.875

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Change in Total Caloric Intake

Change in total caloric intake as assessed by the ASA24 Dietary Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire - Revised. The ASA24 is a self-administered 24-hour dietary recall assessment. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionkcal (Mean)
Olanzapine151.94

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Change in the Symptoms Checklist - 90 - Revised Global Severity Score

Changes in the Symptoms Checklist - 90 - Revised scale, which measures 9 domains of psychological dysfunction, summing to create an overall psychological distress (Global Severity Score). The scores of each of the 9 domains - somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism - combine for a total of 90 items, each measured on a 5-point scale. The sums of all 90 item scores, ranging 0-360, creates the Global Severity score. Higher scores indicate greater psychopathology. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-2.33

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Change in the Prodromal Questionnaire, Brief Version Total Score

Change in the Prodromal Questionnaire, Brief Version score, a 21 item self-report questionnaire designed to help identify those at ultra-high risk for developing psychotic symptoms. The total score is derived as the sum of all 21 items, with a possible range of 0-21. Higher scores indicate greater psychopathology. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine0

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Change in Serum Insulin Levels

Change in insulin fasting serum levels (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

InterventionuIU/mL (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.94

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Change in Prolactin Levels

Change prolactin serum levels (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Olanzapine11.77

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Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Score

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, a measurement of sleep quality. The index measures 7 sleep components on a 0-3 scale; each of the 7 raw scores is summed to get a global score. The global score ranges from 0-21, with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. Scores >5 are typically considered poor sleep quality. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.63

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Change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Score

Change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, a 0-60 point scale rating depressive symptoms. Higher scores indicate more severe clinical symptoms. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.88

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Change in MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB) Total Composite Score

Change in the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB), that includes 10 tasks that measure processing speed (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia - Symbol Coding, Animal Fluency, Trails A), attention (Continuous Performance Test), working memory (WMS-III Spatial Span, Letter-Number Span), verbal learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised), visual learning (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised), problem solving (Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes) and social cognition (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test). Scores from each subtest are normed and their T-scores are summed to yield a MCCB composite score, then the total composite T-score is standardized to normative data among a healthy population. The composite T-score has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher total composite scores indicate better cognitive outcomes. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine3.63

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Change in Brain Phosphocreatine (PCr)

Change in Phosphocreatine (PCr) metabolite concentration as measured by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionratio (Mean)
Olanzapine0.01

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Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol Level

Change in fasting total cholesterol level (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Olanzapine-1.75

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Change in GABA Concentration

Change in GABA concentration measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionmmol (Mean)
Olanzapine0.11

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Change in Glutamate Metabolite Concentration

Change in glutamate metabolite concentration measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionmillimoles (Mean)
Olanzapine0.13

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Change in The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales - Short Form Scores

"Change in Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales (WSS) Short Form score, a self-report questionnaire assessing schizotypy in clinical and non-clinical samples. The measure has four scales, each with 15 True/False questions. There are 13 red-herring questions, that, if answered True invalidate the test. Each false response is scored 0, and each true response is scored 1. Scores for each scale range from 0 - 15, with higher scores indicating greater schizotypy. The WSS positive schizotypy score consists of the summed score of the perceptual aberration and magical ideation scales and scores range from 0-30, with higher scores indicating greater positive schizotypy. The WSS negative schizotypy score sums scores from the physical anhedonia and social anhedonia scales and ranges from 0-30, with higher scores indicating greater negative schizotypy." (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change in positive schizotypy subscalesChange in negative schizotypy subscales
Olanzapine0.060.09

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Change in Hemoglobin A1c Level

Change in fasting, Hemoglobin A1c level (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionmmol/mol (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.01

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Change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Score

Change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score, a self-report measure of anxiety symptoms. Scores range from 0-63, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.63

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Change in Waist Circumference

Change in waist circumference measurements, taken as an average of 3 measures by tape measure. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and 2, 5, 10 and 15 days (or final assessment) during medication period

Interventioncm (Mean)
BaselineAfter 2 days medicationAfter 5 days medicationAfter 10 days medicationEndpoint
Olanzapine0-0.470.22-0.23-0.15

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Change in Volumes of the Frontal, Parietal and Temporal Lobe Regions

Change in the gray matter volumes (cubic millimeters) of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes as defined by Freesurfer's Desikan-Killiany Brain Atlas. Data was acquired using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 day medication period

Interventioncubic mm (Mean)
Frontal LobeParietal Lobe
Olanzapine-2500.44-600

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Change in the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Score

Change in the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire score, a 26-item assessment of overall quality of life. The questionnaire encompasses 4 domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. There are two additional questions, which assess the participant's perceptions of their own quality of life and physical health. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. Scores are summed within each domain. Total score is obtained by transforming for a total range of 0-100 within each domain. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change in physical health scoreChange in psychological health scoreChange in social relationships scoreChange in environment score
Olanzapine2.25-4.380.75-7.875

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Change in the Early Psychosis Social Scale Survey Score

Change in the Early Psychosis Social Scale score item of missed absences from school or work. Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating more absences from school or work. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.13

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Change in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults Scores

Change in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults, which measures both state and trait anxiety using 2 subscales for a total of 40 items. Each subscale has a range of 20-80, with higher scores indicating greater state or trait anxiety, respectively. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change in State-anxiety scaleChange in Trait-anxiety scale
Olanzapine-0.25-0.75

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Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Score

Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, a self-report questionnaire measuring depressive symptoms on a scale of 0-63. Scores ranging 0-9 generally indicate minimal depressive symptoms, while scores 10-18 indicate mild, 19-29 indicates moderate, and 30-63 indicates severe depressive symptoms, respectively. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.63

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Change in Blood Glucose Levels

Change in fasting serum glucose levels. (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days during medication period

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Olanzapine0.75

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Change in Brain Creatine Kinase (CK) Forward Reaction Rate

Change in forward reaction rate constant (kf) of the creatine kinase (CK) as measured by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy magnetization transfer (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventions-1 (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.04

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Change in Brain Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolites NAD+/NADH

Change in brain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+/NADH metabolite ratio as measured by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 15 days medication period

Interventionratio (Mean)
Olanzapine-0.79

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Change in Brain Parenchymal pH

Change in brain parenchymal pH as measured by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NCT02536846)
Timeframe: baseline and after 15 days medication period

InterventionpH (Mean)
Olanzapine0.00

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Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at Week 4

This scale consists of symptom constructs (7 positive, 7 negative, 16 general psychopathology), each to be rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale of severity with 1 being absent to 7 being extreme. Minimum scores (best outcome) equals 30 (total scale); maximum scores (worst outcome) equals 210 (total scale). Change is calculated between the baseline visit and Week 4. (NCT02634346)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
ALKS 3831-23.9
Olanzapine-22.8
Placebo-17.5

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Incidence of Adverse Events

(NCT02634346)
Timeframe: Approximately 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALKS 383173
Olanzapine73
Placebo60

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGIS) Score at Week 4

"The CGI-S is a 7-point scale that requires the clinician to assess how mentally ill the patient is in a specific point in time. Results indicate participants evaluated at one of the following categories: 1: normal, not at all ill; 2: borderline mentally ill; 3: mildly ill; 4: moderately ill; 5: markedly ill; 6: severely ill; and 7: among the most extremely ill patients. Results indicate a change in CGI-S score from baseline to Week 4 based on the observed data. Change is calculated between the baseline visit and Week 4." (NCT02634346)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
ALKS 3831-1.21
Olanzapine-1.27
Placebo-0.84

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Percent of Patients Achieving Complete Protection in Overall Assessment Phase

(CP = no emesis, no breakthrough antiemetic use, no significant nausea). To be reported as overall phases [chemotherapy days plus 5 days after] (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo6
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine13

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Overall Percentage of Patients Who Had a Complete Response

Overall percentage of patients who had a complete response (CR) defined as no emesis and minimal nausea (< 25 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale [VAS]) during the overall assessment period (starting day 1 of chemotherapy and continuing for 5 days after discontinuation of chemotherapy) for the first cycle of chemotherapy. (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo13
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine28

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Percent of Patients With Complete Response in Acute Phase

Complete response (no emesis and no more than minimal nausea, defined as < 25 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale [VAS]) in acute phase (days of chemotherapy) (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo31
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine39

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Percent of Patients With Complete Response in Delayed Phase

Complete response (no emesis and no more than minimal nausea, defined as < 25 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale [VAS]) in delayed phase (5 days after chemotherapy) (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo15
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine31

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Percent of Patients With no Nausea in Overall Assessment Period

No nausea (all VAS <5 mm) in overall assessment period (days of chemotherapy plus five days after) (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo6
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine18

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Percent of Patients With no Significant Nausea in Overall Assessment Period

Reported for overall phases [chemotherapy days plus 5 days after] where all VAS < 25 mm (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo14
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine30

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Percent of Participants With no Significant Nausea in Acute Phase

Reported as acute [chemotherapy days]. All assessment with all VAS < 25 mm on days of chemotherapy (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo33
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine39

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Percent of Participants With no Significant Nausea in Delayed Phase

Reported for delayed [5 days after chemotherapy administration] All assessment with all VAS < 25 mm (NCT02635984)
Timeframe: Until study completion; estimated 1.5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Triplet Therapy Plus Placebo16
Triplet Therapy Plus Olanzapine34

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Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Score at 1 Hour Post Medication

"Opiate withdrawal scale score for all patients who received medication by one hour~The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an 11-item scale, ranging from 0 to 48 (5- 12 = mild; 13-24 = moderate; 25-36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal).~This tool can be used to reproducibly rate common signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal and monitor these symptoms over time. The summed score for the complete scale can be used to help clinicians determine the stage or severity of opiate withdrawal and assess the level of physical dependence on opioids. The 11 items on the scale include scores rate the following symptoms: pulse rate, GI upset, sweating, tremor, restlessness, yawning, pupil size, anxiety, bone or joint aches, gooseflesh skin, runny nose." (NCT02643355)
Timeframe: At 1 hour

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine5.3
Clonidine6.7

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Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Score at 2 Hours Post Medication

"Opiate withdrawal scale score for all patients who received medication by one hour~The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an 11-item scale, ranging from 0 to 48 (5- 12 = mild; 13-24 = moderate; 25-36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal).~This tool can be used to reproducibly rate common signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal and monitor these symptoms over time. The summed score for the complete scale can be used to help clinicians determine the stage or severity of opiate withdrawal and assess the level of physical dependence on opioids. The 11 items on the scale include scores rate the following symptoms: pulse rate, GI upset, sweating, tremor, restlessness, yawning, pupil size, anxiety, bone or joint aches, gooseflesh skin, runny nose." (NCT02643355)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine4.8
Clonidine3.7

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Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Score at the Time of Disposition

"Opiate withdrawal scale score for all patients who received medication by one hour~The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an 11-item scale, ranging from 0 to 48 (5- 12 = mild; 13-24 = moderate; 25-36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal).~This tool can be used to reproducibly rate common signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal and monitor these symptoms over time. The summed score for the complete scale can be used to help clinicians determine the stage or severity of opiate withdrawal and assess the level of physical dependence on opioids. The 11 items on the scale include scores rate the following symptoms: pulse rate, GI upset, sweating, tremor, restlessness, yawning, pupil size, anxiety, bone or joint aches, gooseflesh skin, runny nose." (NCT02643355)
Timeframe: Time of Disposition (on average within 6 hours)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine4.3
Clonidine3.6

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Number of Participants That Received Rescue Medication for Withdrawal Symptoms Within 1 Hour

Rescue Medication (additional medications given for symptoms) within 1 hour of medication administration (NCT02643355)
Timeframe: 1 Hour

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine9
Clonidine19

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Number of Participants Experiencing of Adverse Events (AEs)

(NCT02694328)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine227
ALKS 3831203

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Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 24

(NCT02694328)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercent change in body weight (Least Squares Mean)
Olanzapine6.59
ALKS 38314.21

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Percentage of Participants With >/= 7% Weight Gain at Week 24

(NCT02694328)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine42.7
ALKS 383127.5

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Percentage of Participants With >/= 10% Weight Gain at Week 24

(NCT02694328)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Olanzapine29.8
ALKS 383117.8

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Change From Randomization to Week 10 in Global Clinical Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Score

CGI-S provides the clinician's impression of the patient's current state of mental illness. The clinician uses his or her clinical experience of this patient population to rate the severity of the patient's current mental illness on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (Normal - not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). Higher scores indicate worsening. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg-0.59
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg-0.54
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period-0.57

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Change From Randomization to Week 10 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score

PANSS total score administered by the investigator. It included 3 sub-scales with a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A higher score corresponded to a worse severity of schizophrenia. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg-10.01
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg-8.22
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period-9.90

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Change From Randomization to Week 10 in PSP Total Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Total Score

PSP is a clinician-rated scale designed and validated to measure a patient's current level of social functioning. It consists of 4 items: socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, and disturbing and aggressive behaviours. Each items were assessed on a 6-point scale, from 1 (absent) to 6 (very severe). PSP score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 4 to 100. A higher score represents more severe functional impairment. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg4.90
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg3.23
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period3.94

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Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥20% Reduction in PANSS Total Score, PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) Total Score ≤70, CGI-S (Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity of Illness) Score <4

"PANSS total score administered by the investigator. It included 3 sub-scales with a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A higher score corresponded to a worse severity of schizophrenia. A reduction in score indicates improvement.~The Clinical Global Impression scale - severity of illness (CGI-S) is administered by the investigator. The patient is rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (Normal - not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). A reduction in scale indicates improvement." (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg21
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg18
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period12

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Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥20% Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Randomization

PANSS total score administered by the investigator. It included 3 sub-scales with a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A higher score corresponded to a worse severity of schizophrenia. A reduction in score indicates improvement. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg82
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg59
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period77

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Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥30% Reduction in PANSS Total Score From Randomization

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score administered by the investigator. It included 3 sub-scales with a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A higher score corresponded to a worse severity of schizophrenia. A reduction in score indicates improvement. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg42
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg30
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period45

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Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥40% Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Randomization

PANSS total score administered by the investigator. It included 3 sub-scales with a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A higher score corresponded to a worse severity of schizophrenia. A reduction in score indicates improvement. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg23
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg15
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period16

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Response at Week 10, Defined as ≥50% Reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score From Randomization

PANSS total score administered by the investigator. It included 3 sub-scales with a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A higher score corresponded to a worse severity of schizophrenia. A reduction in score indicates improvement. (NCT02717195)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg10
DBT Period, Lu AF35700 20 mg4
DBT Period, Continued Treatment From PC Period6

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Number of Participants With Severe PONV

Number of participants with severe PONV in first 24 hours after post-op.defined as numerical rating scale score greater than 3. (11-point numerical rating scale from 0-10, higher score indicating worse nausea) (NCT02755116)
Timeframe: first 24 hours post-op

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine12
Placebo26

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Number of Participants With Severe Nausea

Number of participants with severe postdischarge nausea, defined as numerical rating scale score greater than 3. (11-point numerical rating scale from 0-10, higher score indicating worse nausea) (NCT02755116)
Timeframe: in 24 hours after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine4
Placebo14

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Number of Participants With Postdischarge Vomiting

Number of participants with post discharge vomiting (NCT02755116)
Timeframe: in 24 hours after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine2
Placebo8

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Number of Participants With Nausea and/or Vomiting

Number of participants with post-discharge nausea and/or vomiting (NCT02755116)
Timeframe: in 24 hours after discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine10
Placebo26

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Number of Participants With PONV

Number of participants with postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) in first 24 hours (NCT02755116)
Timeframe: first 24 hours post-op

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olanzapine22
Placebo35

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Number of Participants With Relapse

The definition of relapse is as follows 1.50% or greater increase in total DIEPSS score, 2. an increase in the total PANSS score of 25% or more from baseline, 3. deliberate self-injury, 4. emergence of clinically significant suicidal ideation, 5. violent behavior resulting in clinically significant injury to another person or property damage. (NCT03019887)
Timeframe: One year after the baseline cognitive function test or three months after the end of dose reduction, whichever came first.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dose Reduction130

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Comparison of Duration of ED Length of Stay

The total time the patient spent in the ED after initially being seen by the physician (NCT03066622)
Timeframe: Length of Emergency Department stay (Time Frame: up to 12 hours)

InterventionMinutes (Mean)
Standard of Care179.57
Olanzapine180.28

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Number of Participants That Receive Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization

Determining if patients randomized to rapidly dissolving Olanzapine eventually require IV access, defined as A successful cannulation (blood return or ability to infuse intravenous fluid without infiltration) on initial percutaneous needle puncture (NCT03066622)
Timeframe: Length of Emergency Department stay (Time Frame: up to 12 hours)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Standard of Care55
Olanzapine28

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Change in Pain Scores Based on Patient Questionnaire

Change in patient reported pain score from baseline using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (PNRS) Minimum score = 0 Maximum score = 10 Lower score indicates lower pain level, with zero indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst pain imaginable. (NCT03066622)
Timeframe: baseline, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post drug administration

,
Interventionunits on a scale of 1-10 (Mean)
Pain at 30 minutesPain at 60 minutesPain at 90 minutes
Olanzapine-1.79-2.65-3.88
Standard of Care-2.95-4.49-4.68

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Mean Nausea Scores

"Daily nausea scores (the primary objective) on day 1 to 7 of treatment for each patient from the Olanzapine and Placebo group will be measured using the Visual Analogue Scale rankings from 0-10 where 0 is no nausea and 10 is the maximum nausea experienced by a patient. A Visual Analogue Scale is a psychometric response scale which can be used in questionnaires. It is a measurement instrument for subjective characteristics or attitudes that can't be directly measured.~Patients will be asked to record the average nausea score for each day in a diary and a study nurse will call the patient at the same time each day to remind the patient to record the nausea score and to inquire about any toxicities. The difference in the nausea scores for the patients in each group (Olanzapine and Placebo) will be compared." (NCT03137121)
Timeframe: Nausea score from the Visual Analogue Scale will be recorded each day daily for 7 days. An average value calculated will be reported for the 7 day period.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Olanzapine1
Placebo9

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Number of Emetic Episodes

The number of emetic episodes (a secondary outcome) by each patient in each group, Olanzapine & Placebo, on each day of treatment will be recorded by each patient on each day of treatment in a diary. A study nurse will contact each patient at the same time of each day of the study to ask the patient to record the number of emetic episodes and report any toxicities.The number of emetic episodes for the patients in each Group for each day of the treatment will be compared. (NCT03137121)
Timeframe: Number of emetic episodes for each patient on each day of the seven day treatment.

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
day 1day 2day 3day 4day 5day 6day 7
Olanzapine3000000
Placebo3333333

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"Number of Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0."

Adverse events will be measured by patient-reported outcomes questionnaires and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A study nurse will contact each patient each day of the seven days of treatment to inquire about any toxicities, specifically sedation and appetite. Sedation and appetite will be reported by the patient in each Group on a Visual Analogue Scale of 0 to 10 with 0 being no sedation or no appetite to 10 indicating maximum sedation or maximum appetite. (NCT03137121)
Timeframe: Daily assessment for 7 days for each patient in Olanzapine & Placebo Groups.

InterventionEvents (Number)
Olanzapine3
Placebo21

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Percentage of Subjects With ≥7% Weight Gain at Week 12

(NCT03187769)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
ALKS 383133.1
Olanzapine44.8

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Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 12

The efficacy analyses were performed using the Final Analysis Set which is defined as all randomized subjects who received one dose of study drug and had at least 1 primary efficacy assessment after administration of study drug (NCT03187769)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of change in body weight (Least Squares Mean)
ALKS 38314.91
Olanzapine6.77

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Percentage of Subjects With ≥10% Weight Gain at Week 12

Percentage of weight gain is analyzed based on the subject's assessment status (≥10% vs <10%) at Week 12 using a logistic regression model including treatment group, diagnosis (schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder vs bipolar I disorder), region (US vs non-US), and baseline BMI (<25 vs ≥25) as factors and baseline weight as covariate. (NCT03187769)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
ALKS 383121.9
Olanzapine30.4

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Number of Participants Experiencing of Adverse Events (AEs)

(NCT03187769)
Timeframe: Up to 16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALKS 3831134
Olanzapine136

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Change From Baseline in Waist Circumference at Week 12

(NCT03187769)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

InterventionCentimeters (Least Squares Mean)
ALKS 38312.99
Olanzapine3.90

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Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score Within the ALKS 3831 Group at Week 12

"Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score is a 3-item, clinician-rated scale used to assess global illness severity, overall improvement from the start of treatment, and therapeutic response. It is a 7-point scale that requires the clinician to assess how mentally ill the patient is at a specific point in time. Based on the scale, patients are categorized as follows: 1: normal, not at all ill; 2: borderline mentally ill; 3: mildly ill; 4: moderately ill; 5: markedly ill; 6: severely ill; and 7: among the most extremely ill patients." (NCT03187769)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
ALKS 3831-.82

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Response

Response is defined as a ≥20% reduction in PANSS total score from Randomization (NCT03230864)
Timeframe: at Week 8

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DBT, Lu AF35700 10 mg6
DBT, Continued Treatment13

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Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Global Clinical Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Score

CGI-S provides the clinician's impression of the patient's current state of mental illness. The clinician uses his or her clinical experience of this patient population to rate the severity of the patient's current mental illness on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (normal - not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). Higher scores indicate worsening (NCT03230864)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
DBT, Lu AF35700 10 mg-0.18
DBT, Continued Treatment-0.37

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Change From Randomization to Week 8 in PANSS Marder Negative Factor Score

The PANSS Negative Factor score is a subset of the PANSS assessing negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The factor consist of the seven items: blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive social withdrawal, lack of spontaneity, motor retardation, and active social avoidance which are each rated on a 7-point scale, from 1=absent to 7=extreme. The PANSS Negative Factor score (7 items) range from 7 to 49 with a higher score indicating greater severity of symptoms. (NCT03230864)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
DBT, Lu AF35700 10 mg-1.51
DBT, Continued Treatment-1.74

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Change From Randomization to Week 8 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score

PANSS total score administered by the investigator. It included a total of 30 items that evaluated the Positive Symptoms subscale, the Negative Symptoms subscale, the General Psychopathology subscale. Each item is rated from 1 (symptom not present) to 7 (symptom extremely severe). PANSS total score was calculated as sum of all the items on the scale and ranged from 30 to 210. A negative score indicates an improvement compared to Randomization. (NCT03230864)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Double-blind Treatment (DBT) Period, Lu AF35700 10 mg-4.71
DBT, Continued Treatment From PC Period-10.19

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Change From Randomization to Week 8 in 16-item Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA-16 Total) Score

The NSA-16 is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess the presence, severity, and range of negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. The NSA-16 consists of 16 items arranged in 5 subdomains: communication dysfunction (items 1 to 4), emotional/affective dysfunction (items 5 to 7), dysfunction in sociality (items 8 to 10), motivational/hedonic dysfunction (items 11 to 14), and reduced psychomotor activity (items 15 and 16), and a Global Negative Symptom Rating. NSA-16 items are rated on a 6-point scale from 1 (behaviour is normal) to 6 (behaviour severely reduced), and a score of 9 if the item is not-rateable. The Global Negative Symptom Rating is rated from 1 (no evidence of symptoms) to 7 (extremely severe symptoms). The 16 items are summed to yield a total score ranging from 16 to 96 and the global rating ranges from 1 to 7. (NCT03230864)
Timeframe: From Randomization to Week 8

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
DBT, Lu AF35700 10 mg-2.99
DBT, Continued Treatment-3.14

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Number of Participants With Adverse Event (AE)

Treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) is defined as an AE observed after starting administration of the study drug and 28 days after the last dose of study drug. A study drug-related TEAE is defined as any TEAE with at least possible relationship to study treatment as assessed by the investigator or with missing assessment of the causal relationship. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. Safety was assessed by AEs, which included abnormalities identified during a medical test (e.g. laboratory tests, vital signs, electrocardiogram, metabolic parameters etc.) if the abnormality induced clinical signs or symptoms, needed active intervention, interruption or discontinuation of study medication or was clinically significant. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline up to end of study (EoS) (week 14)

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
TEAEDrug-Related TEAEsSerious TEAEsDrug-Related Serious TEAE
ASP4345 150 mg281110
ASP4345 50 mg281330
Placebo451110

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) Values

AIMS is a 14-item scale. Items 1 to 8 are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (no dyskinetic movements) to 4 (severe dyskinetic movements). Item 9 assesses the participant's incapacitation due to abnormal movements, and item 10 assesses the participant's awareness of the abnormal movements and associated distress. Items 9 and 10 are rated on 5-point scales ranging from 0 (none or no awareness) to 4 (severe or aware, severe distress). Items 11 to 14 are yes/no questions regarding the global judgement and dental status of the participant. The total score is the sum of the scores for the 14 items and the possible total score ranges from 0 to 44. A higher total score is indicative of more severe dyskinetic movements. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6 and week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
BaselineWeek 6Week 12
ASP4345 150 mg000
ASP4345 50 mg000
Placebo000

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) Values

BARS is used to rate observable, restless movements of drug induced akathisia and subjective awareness of restlessness and any distress associated with the akathisia. BARS consists of the following 4 items: objective assessment of akathisia symptoms, subjective assessment of the participants's awareness of inner restlessness, distress restlessness, and global clinical assessment of akathisia. First three items are rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (no abnormal movements or absence of inner restlessness or no distress) to 3 (severe akathisia or awareness of intense compulsion to move most of the time or severe distress). The last item, the global clinical assessment of akathisia, is rated on a 6-point scale, ranging from 0 (no evidence of akathisia) to 5 (severe akathisia). Total BARS score ranges from 0 to 14 with a higher score representing worse results. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6 and week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
BaselineWeek 6Week 12
ASP4345 150 mg000
ASP4345 50 mg000
Placebo000

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) Values

SAS scale consists of 10 items including 7 items that address bradykinesia-rigidity and additional single items for tremor, glabellar tap, and salivation. Each item represents a specific physical condition and is rated on a 5-point category rating scale ranging from 0 (complete absence of the condition) to 4 (the condition is present to an extreme degree).The total score is obtained by adding the scores for the 10 individual items making the maximum possible score is 40. Higher scores are indicative of more severe Parkinsonian-type symptoms. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 6 and week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
BaselineWeek 6Week 12
ASP4345 150 mg000
ASP4345 50 mg000
Placebo000

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Change From Baseline to Week 12/End of Treatment (EoT) in Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Neurocognitive Composite Score

The MCCB is a cognitive battery to assess 7 domains recommended by the MATRICS initiative (i.e., working memory, verbal learning, speed of processing, attention/vigilance, visual learning, social cognition, reasoning and problem solving). The MCCB neurocognitive composite score is a standardized mean of the six domain scores (excluding social cognition). Raw scores are converted to age and sex adjusted t-scores which are standardized to normative data, and have a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in the general healthy population. A higher score indicates less impairment. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 12/end of treatment (EoT)

InterventionT-score (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo1.15
ASP4345 50 mg1.34
ASP4345 150 mg0.87

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Change From Baseline to Week 12/EoT in University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment-2 Extended Range (UPSA-2-ER) Total Score

The UPSA-2-ER assesses the functional abilities of the participant with schizophrenia in 6 domains: household management, communication, financial skills, transportation, comprehension/planning and medication management. The UPSA-2-ER total score has a range from 0 to 105. A higher score indicates less impairment. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 12/EoT

Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo3.11
ASP4345 50 mg3.86
ASP4345 150 mg2.56

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Differences in Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Values

The C-SSRS is a questionnaire used for suicide risk assessment. Affirmative or negative responses are provided to items 1 to 5 for suicidal ideation (1. Wish to be dead, 2. Non-specific active suicidal thoughts, 3. Active suicidal ideation with any methods [not plan] without intent to act, 4. Active suicidal ideation with some intent to act, without specific plan, 5. Active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent) and items 6 to 10 for suicide behavior (6. Preparatory acts or behavior, 7. Aborted attempt, 8. Interrupted attempt, 9. Actual attempt, 10. Completed suicide). (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Baseline up to EoS (week 14)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo0
ASP4345 50 mg0
ASP4345 150 mg0

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Concentration at Trough Level (Ctrough) for ASP4345

Ctrough concentration for ASP4345 was reported. (NCT03557931)
Timeframe: Predose: day 7, day 14, day 21, day 42 and day 84/EoT

,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Day 7 Pre-doseDay 14 Pre-doseDay 21 Pre-doseDay 42 Pre-doseDay 84 Pre-dose
ASP4345 150 mg483.84428.88384.48471.78433.56
ASP4345 50 mg175.041182.903172.040207.145204.914

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Percentage Of Days With Good Patch Coverage

The DMS includes a drug-device combination of a CoE product, a wearable sensor patch, and application software (smartphone) to record activity and rest and mark events through the act of ingestion. The CoE product consists of an approved antipsychotic medication enclosed with an Ingestible Sensor Pill (miniature ingestible event marker in tablet [MIT]). The sensor patch detects and records each MIT ingestion, as well as other physiologic and behavioral data. Good patch coverage for a specific day was defined as having either at least 80% patch data available (80% of the day the patch was worn and data was collected as noted via the accelerometer channel) or the MIT was detected within the 24-hour period, for each day while the participant was in the trial. The percentage of days was calculated as the number of days with good patch coverage divided by the total number of trial days for each participant. Descriptive statistics were performed for this outcome measure. (NCT03568500)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Schizophrenia64.34
Schizoaffective Disorder62.99
First Episode Psychosis62.51
Total63.37

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Participant Adherence

The DMS includes a drug-device combination of a CoE product, a wearable sensor patch, and application software (smartphone) to record activity and rest and mark events through the act of ingestion. The CoE product consists of an approved antipsychotic medication enclosed with an Ingestible Sensor Pill (MIT). The sensor patch detects and records each MIT ingestion, as well as other physiologic and behavioral data. Participant adherence was measured as the detected MITs over the expected MITs ingested during the trial days with good patch coverage. The more the participant successfully engaged in a number of processes across the 8-week trial, the greater the measured adherence. Descriptive statistics were performed for this outcome measure. (NCT03568500)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of MITs (Mean)
Schizophrenia88.94
Schizoaffective Disorder72.29
First Episode Psychosis91.04
Total86.57

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Potential Toxicities as Ascribed to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

Potential toxicities includes nausea, undesired sedation, and undesired appetite, measured by three individual items ( nausea, undesired sedation, undesired appetite) of the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Dairy/Questionnaire(scale 0-10, 0 is no symptoms, 10 is worst symptoms). Incidences of toxicities will be summarized by type and by treatment arm. Incidences of toxicities will be compared between arms using a Chi-squared test or the Fisher's exact test as appropriate. In addition, undesired sedation and appetite increase as collected in the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire will be analyzed by repeated measures analyses including descriptive statistics, graphical approaches, and growth curve models to account for the factor of day and time trend. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall No Appetite IncreaseOverall Any Appetite IncreaseAcute No Appetite IncreaseAcute Any Appetite IncreaseDelayed No Appetite IncreaseDelayed Any Appetite Increase
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)14018623591147179
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)13618423684143177

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Average Nausea Scores (0-10) Repeatedly Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

The specific measure will be based on the by the single nausea item (scale 0-10, 0 is no symptoms, 10 is worst symptoms) of the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. Nausea scores (0-10) repeatedly measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire will be analyzed using the repeated measures analyses and growth curve models as described above for undesired sedation and increase in appetite. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)0.8211364
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)0.9177778

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No Nausea Rate Defined as a Response of 0 in the Nausea Item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the Overall (0-120 Hours), Acute (0-24 Hours), and Delayed (24-120 Hours) Periods

The specific measure will be based on the proportion of patients with a value of 0, as measured by the single nausea item (scale 0-10, 0 is no symptoms, 10 is worst symptoms) of the Questionnaire. A modified intent-to-treat principle will be applied for statistical analysis of efficacy in evaluable patients. The proportions of patients with no nausea during the overall, the acute, and the delayed period will be summarized by treatment arm. They will be tested in a sequential manner, using a Simes gatekeeping procedure to maintain the overall significance level at the specified by the Lan-DeMets family of alpha spending function. The difference in no nausea proportions between arms will be estimated along with a one-sided 95% confidence interval. The tests and the confidence intervals will be constructed using normal approximation of the binomial distribution adjusted for the non-inferiority margin. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall No NauseaOverall Any NauseaAcute No NauseaAcute Any NauseaDelayed No NauseaDelayed Any Nausea
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)123203202124140186
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)97223201119114206

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Total Frequency of Rescue Medication as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

The specific measure will be based on the single item : number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken (None, One , Twice, More than twice) of the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Over 5 Days per each of the 4 cycles

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
ZeroOneTwoMore than two
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)361435017056
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)354140516274

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Complete Response (CR) (no Emetic Episodes and no Use of Rescue Medication) During the Acute, Delayed and the Overall Periods as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

"The specific measure will be based on the proportion of patients who answered None to both questions concerning Vomiting episode(None, Once, Twice, More than twice) and number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken (None, One, Two, More than two) in the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. The CR rate for the overall, the acute, and the delayed period will be summarized by treatment arm and will be compared using a Chi-squared test. The difference in CR rates between arms will be estimated along with a 95% confidence interval." (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete Response - >> OverallComplete Response - >> AcuteComplete Response ->> Delayed
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)179256193
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)151247166

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Frequency of Nausea in the Acute Phase

"Starting with the first dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy and continuing for one day after the last dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy.~Nausea was assessed using subjects' responses to the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) nausea questions. Scale: Never, Rarely, Occasionally, Frequently, Almost constantly.~To meet this endpoint the score reported for the Pro-CTCAE question for nausea frequency cannot exceed rarely in the first 24 hours following receipt of chemotherapy." (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: End of day 1 following last chemotherapy administration (Up to day 2)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Met endpointDid not meet endpoint
Olanzapine441
Usual Care433

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Total Number of Rescue Medications Needed -Delayed

"The total number of rescue medications needed for breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting were calculated, starting from the second day after the completion of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy and continuing through the fifth day after the completion of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.~The rescue medication is defined as documented administration of an anti-emetic agent other than those that are scheduled for CINV prophylaxis." (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 5 days after end of the chemotherapy ( Days 2-12).

Interventionnumber of rescue medication (Mean)
Usual Care0.47
Olanzapine1.17

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Number of Subjects Achieved Nausea Endpoint in the Delayed Phase.

"Nausea was assessed using subjects' responses to the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) nausea questions, starting the second day after the completion of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy and continuing through the fifth day after the completion of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.~Scale: Never, Rarely, Occasionally, Frequently, Almost constantly.~The number of subjects who experienced never or rarely nausea were considered as met the endpoint while those who experienced occasionally, frequently or almost constantly were considered as not met the endpoint." (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 5 days after end of the chemotherapy (Days 2-12).

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Met endpointDid not meet endpoint
Olanzapine2718
Usual Care1927

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Number of Subjects Achieved Emesis Endpoint in Acute Phase.

: The number of subjects who did not experience emesis, starting from the first dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy and continuing for one day after the last dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy. Met endpoint = 0 emesis. (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: End of day 1 following last chemotherapy administration. (Up to day 2)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Met endpointDid not meet endpoint
Olanzapine450
Usual Care451

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Total Number of Rescue Medications Needed Acute

"The total number of rescue medications needed acute was calculated, starting from the first dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy and continuing for one day after the last dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy.~The rescue medication is defined as documented administration of an anti-emetic agent other than those that are scheduled for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis." (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: End of day 1 following last chemotherapy administration. (Up to day 2)

Interventionnumber of rescue medication (Mean)
Usual Care0.08
Olanzapin0.10

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Frequency of Somnolence

The frequency of somnolence was determined as the number of patients who experienced somnolence based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5 (CTCAE v5). The number of subjects has somnolence during the study period was counted. (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 2-12

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
subjects have somnolencesubjects do not have somnolence
Olanzapine142
Usual Care046

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Number of Subjects Achieving Minimal Nausea

"To determine the number of subjects achieving minimal nausea was defined as the frequency of participants responded to the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) nausea question In the last 24 hours, how often did you have nausea? as rarely or less Starting with the first dose of chemotherapy and continuing for one day after the last dose of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy.~PRO-CTCAE of nausea scale includes categories: Never, Rarely, Occasionally, Frequently, Almost constantly To meet this endpoint the score reported for the Pro-CTCAE question for nausea frequency cannot exceed rarely and the score reported for the Pro-CTCAE question for nausea severity cannot exceed mild" (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 2-12

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
YesNo
Olanzapine2520
Usual Care1531

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Safety Endpoint: Qtc Prolongation

Prolongation of corrected QTc interval graded as defined in Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0. Corrected QTc was calculated using Fredericia's Formula. Corrected QT interval (QTc) = QT interval / (60/Heart rate)^0.33. (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 5 days after end of the chemotherapy (Days 2- 12).

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5None
Baseline Olanzapine4000041
Baseline Usual Care3000043
Olanzapine Post-chemo Day 13000042
Olanzapine- End of Study3010041
Usual Care End of Study3010042
Usual Care Post-chemo Day 12000044

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Severity of Nausea in Delayed Phase

"The severity of nausea in the delayed phase was defined as the response of the subject to the PRO- CTCAE nausea question.~Starting the second day after the completion of highly or moderately emetogenic conditioning chemotherapy and continuing through the fifth day after the completion of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (PRO-CTCAE) Scale: Never, Rarely, Occasionally, Frequently, Almost constantly~o meet the endpoint, the subject could not have answered a score as higher than mild in the period of time starting 24 hours after the last dose of chemotherapy and continuing until the 5th day following receipt of chemotherapy ." (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 2-12

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Met endpointDid not meet endpoint
Olanzapine3124
Usual Care2323

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Number of Emesis Episodes in Delayed Phase

The number of emesis episodes in acute phase was defined as the number of subjects with no emesis, 1 emesis, and 2 or more emesis. (NCT04535141)
Timeframe: Day 1 to 5 days after end of the chemotherapy ( Days 2-12).

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
No emesis episodes1 emesis episode2 or more emesis episodes
Olanzapine3663
Usual Care3295

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		8.31210amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		7.7730monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		7.9640ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.75306-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		7.6920guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.7530acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.110benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.0410benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.0840amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		2.0310halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
carbamates
[no description available]		5.0631amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		9.1431carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		2.110monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
carnitine
[no description available]		5.7871amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.5120alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		3.3520cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.5420halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.7330coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		3.1350monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.110trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		2.610gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.4920(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		10.07201aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0710guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		3.1250catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		3.8530amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		3.6330glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		2.1710aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.27412-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.7730sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		7.4420aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		6.9892alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.7330alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		2.0410glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		4.86100aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.1110elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.4520benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.0810diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.4520hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		3.0840aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.110dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.0410alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.4520cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		11.26154acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0710acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.0610naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.1710metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.4820pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.2750pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.		2.0610N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.0710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0310monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		2.0410gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.4820aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.1310long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0510phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.110pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0410propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.110saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.140monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		2.110aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		3.8730hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		2.83302-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		2.1310N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.4220alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
taurine
[no description available]		7.0810amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		3.5920primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		2.0710pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.4520methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethylamine
[no description available]		2.110methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptophan
[no description available]		2.110alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
aminoalkylindole;
aromatic amino acid;
polar amino acid		Daphnia magna metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.0510pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		4.7821uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		4.2750isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin
7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.7430tetralins
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		3.82110phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		2.7130non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0610
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.		3.1550amphetamines;
dimethoxybenzene;
organoiodine compound
octoclothepine
octoclothepine: major tranquilizer with action similar to those of the phenothiazines; used in schizophrenic & manic psychoses; minor decriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOTHIEPINS (77-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4220dibenzothiepine
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.4120benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
[no description available]		2.0610catechin
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		4.1231monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.1310aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2-methyl-5-ht
2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist		2.9210tryptaminesserotonergic agonist
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.		2.4820benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		4.3241amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.0710oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.0610aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		8.1295guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		5.66140imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5-carboxamidotryptamine
5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source		3.1150tryptamines
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		4.3341indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine
5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.		2.4120aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.0710monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		5.66140acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.5370aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		10.45110acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		4.140monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.0510acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8530acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
methacholine
methacholine : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen is substituted with three methyl groups and a 2-acetoxypropyl group. Parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor drug used in clinical diagnosis.		2.0410acetate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		bronchoconstrictor agent;
cholinergic agonist;
epitope;
muscarinic agonist;
vasodilator agent
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.0710acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.0710diarylmethane
ag-1296
6,7-dimethoxy-3-phenylquinoxaline: ATP-competitive inhibitor of receptor kinase		2.0310quinoxaline derivative
aklomide
aklomide: structure		2.0710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		4.0840aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		4.5370phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.56201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		4.3960imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure		2.1510
alpha-methylserotonin
alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410tryptaminesserotonergic agonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		11.23101organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.9640secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		3.8530triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		8.91155adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.4520aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.6120acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		3.5620diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		3.360dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.620N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		5.2790dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.091301-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		17.6314729aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		7.73201carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		4.86100dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.4320barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.4720aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		5.35100dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.0710pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		3.1650acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.0840nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
aniracetam
[no description available]		2.0510N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.4620aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		2.4820pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.4720aporphine alkaloid
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.4920enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		4.6580benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		5.15100benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		4.6580ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azasetron
azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;		7.2444benzoxazine
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.4260aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.0210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4520monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
baclofen
[no description available]		5.41100amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.7430barbituratesdrug allergen
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.5920indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.8630benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		7.5320carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.0410benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		4.27501-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.7630benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzquinamide
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amideantiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.0710benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		3.5380pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		5.8271alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
betahistine
Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.		8145aminoalkylpyridine;
secondary amino compound		H1-receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
bethanidine
Bethanidine: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.		2.0410guanidinesadrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.5370propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		8.9130carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		210propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.4160(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.7530biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		6.9781piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		4.0940diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		2.1110bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.0610
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		9.5470secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0710quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.0210imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.4820organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		2.4620organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
bromperidol
bromperidol: bromine-substituted for chlorine in haloperidol; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure		2.0610aromatic ketone
seratrodast
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.4320organic molecular entity
bumetanide
[no description available]		4.5470amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunitrolol
bunitrolol: was heading 1975-94 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-90); KO 1366 was see BUNITROLOL 1975-94; use PROPANOLAMINES to search BUNITROLOL 1975-94; a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with weak antiarrhythmic activity and minor ability to decrease the heart rate		2.0410aromatic ether
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		2.7530aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
bupranolol
Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.		2.0410aromatic ether
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		7.13251azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.4260methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.0710benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.4520barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		7.35191purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		5.16140aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.0410monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		4.0420benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.2310benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		13.78686dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbazochrome
carbazochrome: a hemostatic which increases capillary resistance & activates platelet factors, Note: Adona is a multimeaning tradename		2.0410
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.0420benzenes
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.8630monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		3.8630carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		6.9182N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carpipramine
carpipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210dibenzooxazepine
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.7230quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		4.93110carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		10.9371organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.110aromatic ketone
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		10120ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.0510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		4.0740aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.5820diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		10.2690benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		3.85301,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		6.43120aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.8330benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxine
chloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.		2.0410monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
antiseborrheic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.4720monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.94110monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		14.791069organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.5470monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		3.8430isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.87301,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.4520cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.4620aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.8830lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		5.1680aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
aricine
[no description available]		2.0710cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.7430cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.9640cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		5.09130aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		3.73100benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		11.544552-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clebopride
clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610piperidines
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0310amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.7530monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.73301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.9640monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.2650aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofilium
clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610benzenes;
organic amino compound
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.140tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		9.26292dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		8.662921,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		11.0381clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
cloperastine
cloperastine: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.0420diarylmethane
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.85301,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.4520organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.4260conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cloxyquin
cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source		2.0710organochlorine compound;
quinolines
cocaine
[no description available]		2.0610
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.4820chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.7530carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.2650carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.5820organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		6.7771piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		9.460hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapsone
[no description available]		10.0770substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.4620carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		3.5920acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		5.85170dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.75301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		7.03231primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.0510alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		6.062101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.2550benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0710dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.0710aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		5.45110amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.8630dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.620carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.2310pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diphenidol
diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.0410benzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		antiemetic
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.960monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.4720acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.2310dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0710oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		5.6130ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.0710piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		5.4841piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		4.93110monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		4.5570organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		19.2919833branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		8.4570benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		9223aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.2310morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.0540aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		6.79102dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.8630pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		11.21246aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyclonine
[no description available]		2.4920aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.8630oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
e 4031
E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD		2.9540sulfonamide
ebastine
[no description available]		2.7430organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.0710benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7430dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.7330ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.74301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine
epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.		2.7230benzazepine;
guanidines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
ophthalmology drug
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.4920
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.140aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethenzamide
ethenzamide: structure		2.0410organic molecular entity
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.0410ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		2.4620phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.2750dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.620imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethyl loflazepate
ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		4.08401,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		210phenols
etizolam
etizolam: structure given in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.0540monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.25502-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		9.16311,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.4160carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.2450dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.110diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		7.9340(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		9.4360aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.620benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		4.3530monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.7230resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		8.5780anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		3.8530piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		3.2310benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.5820carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.93110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.4920difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		5.1680conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.3960aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		4.0640aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		11.2356N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		9.86100ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flumequine
flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.		2.1103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		4.38601,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		3.6120benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		4.6680nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		18.0415732(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		4.6761decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.4320phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.58201,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		5.0470fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.4320diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.5570(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
flutazolam
flutazolam: structure		2.0410hemiaminal ether;
organic molecular entity
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		3.5620carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		5.53120chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		12.61130gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.5270aromatic etherantilipemic drug
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.0940aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		2.9840N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.0840sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.2450aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.0510piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		4.94110monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
go 6976
[no description available]		2.0310indolocarbazole;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		4.2450aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		4.0740methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		3.8630azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		3.8530acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		24.37829213aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.7330haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.0510bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.7230barbiturates
hexoprenaline
Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.		2.0710
hexylresorcinol
[no description available]		2.0410resorcinols
tele-methylhistamine
tele-methylhistamine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist. N(tele)-methylhistamine : A primary amino compound that is the N(tele)-methyl derivative of histamine.		210imidazoles;
primary amino compound		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-methylhistamine
alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.		2.420aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		animal metabolite;
H3-receptor agonist
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.0710acetamides
homochlorocyclizine
homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410diarylmethane
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.4820thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.460azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.2450benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.0940benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		6.0740aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.0840one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.6680hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		5.2790monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.2650primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		5.45110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
mephentermine
Mephentermine: A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA.		2.5120amphetamines
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.46201,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		4.2330piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		10.6651ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imetit
imetit: structure given in first source. imetit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea in which the thiol hydrogen is substituted by a 2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethyl group. An extremely potent, high affinity agonist at H3 and H4 receptors (Ki values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Induces shape change in eosinophils with an EC50 of 25 nM. Centrally active following systemic administration.		3.1610imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester		H3-receptor agonist;
H4-receptor agonist
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		8.68291dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.5370bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.2650indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		7.08140aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodamide
Iodamide: An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). iodamide : A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position.		2.0410benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.7430benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.0210dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.4520benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.4360carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2550azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		3.2310benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.0710catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.7330organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		4.7590carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
isopropamide iodide
[no description available]		2.0410diarylmethane
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.9840secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.460catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		4.0840alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.2450benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		4.0840piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		6.16160cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		9.93110aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		5.35170dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		4.960benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.460amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		4.0640cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.0510furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		4.7690benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		16.2676101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		4.2450benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.4420benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.2750(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.0840nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lidoflazine
Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.		2.4420diarylmethane
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.7330aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		4.0840fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		3.8730N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		6.25100benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		12.73508benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		4.2650biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		9.75222dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		2.0710acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.7330chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
mabuterol
mabuterol: structure given in first source		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		5.36100anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.4420organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.460aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.620primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.2310nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		3.8730diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.8530aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.0570aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		3.1350organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		12.5692adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.45201,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		4.5470ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.0710aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		3.8730imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		4.2750piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		3.5920organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.0710benzoate ester
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.0740amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		4.7690phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		3.8430aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		12.76338guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.1310alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		7.4482benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.4620ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		3.6590aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		4.0940aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoctramine
[no description available]		2.110aromatic ether;
tetramine		muscarinic antagonist
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.4520ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyphenamine
methoxyphenamine: structure. methoxyphenamine : An amphetamine methylated on nitrogen and with the phenyl ring methoxylated at C-2. A beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator.		2.110amphetaminesbeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
[no description available]		2.110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		6.01140beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.4520organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		9.1172benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		3.2310organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		4.7590aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.5370C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		4.0840aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.460aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		10.1435dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.4720dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		12.63307imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.8530amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		3.8330bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minaprine
minaprine: Agr 1240 refers to di-HCl; short-acting type A MAO inhibitor (MAOI) of mild potency; structure		3.1210morpholines;
pyridazines;
secondary amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
cholinergic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		6.0880dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		10.29425benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.8730diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		3.8530dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.4570benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		13.3583monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.8630monoterpenoid
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		2.7230alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine: acts as serotonin agonist; structure. 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.		1.9910(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		environmental contaminant;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.4820acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		710beta-carbolines
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.0540methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.8830tetralins
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		4.0420benzoic acids;
guanidines
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0710naphthalenes
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.42601,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
nan 190
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine: RN from Toxlit. NAN 190 : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group.		1.9910N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
phthalimides		serotonergic antagonist
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		2.0710naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		3.8830heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.88120aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.4720benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4820quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.7790cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		3.5920organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.2450benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.0310benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		5.09130C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		3.5420aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		4.0740(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.4320dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.140aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimetazepam
nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		4.39602-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.460C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nisoxetine
nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.		2.4220aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.14501,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.5480C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.5920nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nitromide
nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure		2.0710
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.05401,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		3.8630isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.4420catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.2650fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
norfluoxetine
norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.5320(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		11.91121organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.0710alkylbenzene
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.941103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		4.5370aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		11.573013carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.2750ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.4520aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.24501,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		4.75501,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.4720amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.7130benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.0410aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		2.4420N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		3.1450aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.4760acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.		2.1710carboxamidine;
imidazolines;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.4720phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.140aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		3.8530phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		3.5920aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.2750benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.7530aromatic amine
patulin
Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.		2.0310furopyran;
gamma-lactone;
lactol		antimicrobial agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite
pd 153035
4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.		2.0310aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
bromobenzenes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 158780
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic amine;
bromobenzenes;
diamine;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.4320aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.08401,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.0840aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		4.0840barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		4.3960oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		7.98112N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.5470piperidinescardiovascular drug
periciazine
periciazine: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPERICIAZINE 1966-94. periciazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.		2.110hydroxypiperidine;
nitrile;
phenothiazines		adrenergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
sedative
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		15.657136N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.4620acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.7530acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.0410diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		2.0410aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
pheniramine
Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.		2.0410pyridines;
tertiary amino compound
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		4.6680barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.7230phenols
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		3.8730aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.8630primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.6620monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		4.0540pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.0510organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.0710pyrroloindole
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		2.0610organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.4720pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		4.7590indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		6.0880aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipamperone
pipamperone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pipamperone : A member of the class of bipiperidines that is 1,4'-bipiperidine which is substituted at the 1' and 4' positions by 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl and carboxamide groups, respectively. A first generation antipsychotic, its properties are generally similar to those of haloperidol.		2.4220aromatic ketone;
bipiperidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.520azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		3.250organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.0210pyridines
pirenperone
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		25.811,349303pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.0710aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.4620acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.620pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4620pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.4220benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.2650isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		5.93130aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.5470aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.2450pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.0710diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		11.74101benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.7330dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		4.85100benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		2.7630benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		3.8530benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		9.97110N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		3.8430pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.0410benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		5.6351phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		9.64162phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.460aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.2310xanthenes
propiomazine
propiomazine: was heading 1966-94 (prov 1966-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPIOMAZINE 1966-94; phenothiazine derivative used for sedation and as an antiemetic during labor. propiomazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)propyl group at nitrogen atom and a propanoyl group at position 2.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		12.6871phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		7.02231naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		4.0640carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
proxyphylline
[no description available]		2.0410oxopurine
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		3.620pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		3.360aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		3.8730aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.8530benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		7.34170dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
quipazine
Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.		2.9240piperazines;
pyridines
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		4.06401-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.4370aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		9.7490benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.5620alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		27.771,6003911,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		3.150organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		3.8630tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib
[no description available]		3.360butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.4620pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		4.1240indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxarsone
Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.		2.07102-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		3.04301,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.4720phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.0210ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		4.1240benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sb 206553
SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source		2.110pyrroloindole
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.5820barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.7330ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		6.4872organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.460pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ipodate
Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)		2.0410
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		3.620pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.5570ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		4.9181aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
spiroxatrine
spiroxatrine: structure		2.4220imidazolidines
imatinib
[no description available]		4.0840aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.6240dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.5820quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		2.07101,3-thiazoles
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.0710N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.7530aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.4720pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.4720pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		3.8730sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.360isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.0510substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.4720primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		4.4260
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		4.68301,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.8130pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		4.7450isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.04102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		7.2510isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.5920alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		16.8214324benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		5.85120sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.7430aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.4520naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
talipexole
talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.4220azepine
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.4370N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
tegafur
[no description available]		2.4520organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.0710benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		4.7450benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		9.2850imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.5370furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.4160phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		3.92120diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.9840benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).		2.0710hydroxybenzoquinonekeratolytic drug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		9.9360phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		3.87301,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2-thiosalicylic acid
2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.		2.0710sulfanylbenzoic acidantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		10.03372phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.0840aziridines
thiram
Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.		2.0510organic disulfideantibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tiaramide
tiaramide: NTA-194, solantal, FK 1160 refer to mono-HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzothiazoles
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.5470monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4620aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		3.6120imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		4.0640N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.5370benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.8730N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		2.0710imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		4.460N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		3.8530aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.4820monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.4520aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.3960aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		3.5920amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.0710triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		10.88120monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		3.8430pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.0540triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.0410benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		13.32133N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.4620aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.4720organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		9.6680amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		2.4620trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		2.4920phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		4.0640oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		4.85100aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.5620
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		4.7550dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trioxsalen
Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.		2.0710psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.0410aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		5.2890chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.0710acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tulobuterol
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.5820aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		2.7330piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		7.5220carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.94110cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.9640organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.2550gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
n-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-n-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.4520piperazines
wb 4101
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.		2.110aromatic ether;
benzodioxine;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.0810aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		2.07101,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710alkylbenzene
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.4160carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		3.6120nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zm 336372
N-(5-(3-dimethylaminobenzamido)-2-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide: an inhibitor of c-Raf; activates Raf-1; structure in first source		2.0310benzamides
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.4160imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		4.0540aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		8.93921,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.9640monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zotepine
zotepine: structure		8.87241dibenzothiepine;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic drug
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		3.8730mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		5.4214111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		5.912011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.763016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		2.4220ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		5.4980alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.0510beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.4360imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		3.8630glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		2.0510pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.9640nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.4720benzodioxolespesticide synergist
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		10.93712-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		4.41601-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.4420ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.45203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		4.05403-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.4520barbiturates
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.2650non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
norethandrolone
Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		8.0110111-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		3.873017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methylprednisolone acetate
Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.		2.051011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
glucocorticoid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.863017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		8.832117-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
adrenochrome
Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.		2.0810indoles
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.140penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.4820phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.0640pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.0710organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		3.87302-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.110pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.0810chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.7830alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		8.31115L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		6.6790C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		4.3341aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.5920amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.7830aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		2.0110pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol
[no description available]		2.0610tertiary alcohol
vincristine
[no description available]		3.8530acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		5.6290carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		4.8471glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		4.759017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.4420steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.0810bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		10.58220aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.7630pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		5.580benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		2.0510adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.0510azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		2.0510uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		3.8730kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
ethopabate
Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.		2.0710amidobenzoic acid
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		3.2960pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		20.1222933monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.7230phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		5.76112amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.5620ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.8630amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.2310quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.0710amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.4110adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
n,n-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.		2.4420tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.620penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.4320organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.4820benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.7630amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.0710dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.0510lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		5.7961aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		2.7430
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.733020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		9.5770alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.0410
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310benzenes
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.5420penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.0410chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.0210organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		2.733017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0510oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		7.56524-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.5920aromatic ketone
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		3.8830beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		3.5920mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		8.0182beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.4420nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.2110non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxypropiophenone
[no description available]		2.0410acetophenones
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		2.0410chloroethanespolar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.743020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		4.5351L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		2.743017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		2.0410organic molecular entity
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		340erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinethazone
quinethazone: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. quinethazone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension.		2.0410quinazolinesantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		4.640arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.0410alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		2.4920alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.110primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.0410chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		2.0410cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		2.0410gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
tribromoethanol
tribromoethanol: major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90)		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane: volatile metabolite of halothane		2.0410organofluorine compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.793011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.4620diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		6.54350benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.4520barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
carbromal
carbromal: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-73); use UREA to search CARBROMAL 1963-94		2.0410N-acylurea
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.6120primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		2.0410stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
azobis(isobutyronitrile)
azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure		2.1310
isobutyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylethyl ketone
methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.		2.0410butanone;
dialkyl ketone;
methyl ketone;
volatile organic compound		bacterial metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.4520chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		2.5220alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		2.4620pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
sulfachlorpyridazine
Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.		2.0710organochlorine compound;
pyridazines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
buclizine
buclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		antiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		6.151206-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		7.7830organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
thiopropazate
thiopropazate: minor descriptor (66-72); major descriptor (73-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-72); THIOPROPAZATE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. thiopropazate : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
acetrizoic acid
Acetrizoic Acid: An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.		2.0410aminobenzoic acid
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.8830organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710pyrrolidines
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.0840penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		3.5920glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.0340pyrrolidin-2-ones
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.5820phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.0110mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
phenylpiperazine
phenylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.9310phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
2-naphthoic acid
2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid that is naphthalene carrying a carboxy group at position 2.		2.110naphthoic acidmouse metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
mecoprop
mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.		2.110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
synephrine
[no description available]		2.7730ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0410benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-xylene
2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.0410xylene
3-methylpentane
3-methylpentane : An alkane that is pentane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant and as a raw material for producing carbon black.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		allelochemical;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent
methylcyclopentane
methylcyclopentane: toxic; RN 96-37-7. methylcyclopentane : A cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group.		2.0410cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
soman
Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.		2.0510phosphonic ester
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.1310enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene
4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for chloride & trifluoromethyl moieties; structure given in first source		2.0410
methylparaben
methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.		2.0410parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		11.3178quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.0710pyridinium salt
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.620benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
1,3-butadiene
buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410butadienecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.0410alkane
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		2.110ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		5.93132cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
4-methylmorpholine
[no description available]		2.110
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
n-butylamine
n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.110primary aliphatic amine
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.9740pyrrole;
secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		2.2510cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		5.99190mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide
[no description available]		2.2510
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		2.0410cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
piperidine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
piperidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
secondary amine		base;
catalyst;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
protic solvent;
reagent
morpholine
[no description available]		2.110morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
hexahydroazepine
hexahydroazepine: RN given refers to parent cpd. azepane : An azacycloalkane that is cycloheptane in which one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.110azacycloalkane;
azepanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		3.8430peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.4320steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1110hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.4720bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		2.7630biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
propylene
propylene: structure		2.0410alkene;
gas molecular entity		refrigerant;
xenobiotic
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.0510barbituratesanticonvulsant
paramethadione
paramethadione: structure		2.0410oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.7530aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
n-methylpyrrolidine
N-methylpyrrolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.110tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.4820hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		3.8730quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.4920benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
anileridine
anileridine: minor descriptor (64-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ISONIPECOTIC ACIDS (68-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. anileridine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group.		2.0410ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
substituted aniline		opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist
pregnenolone
[no description available]		7.432020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.9740methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		3.8230penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.4620dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
aziridine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.5620acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
sulfalene
Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.		2.0410pyrazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		2.95401,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.1110adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.0410cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		14.214411isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.08101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		22.33315911,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.4620xanthenes
triphenyltetrazolium
triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.		2.7330organic cation
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		9.3960phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		3.811azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.4520corticosteroid hormone
norchlorcyclizine
norchlorcyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.4520organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.4420heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
opipramol
Opipramol: A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.		2.0410dibenzoazepine
dibenzepin
dibenzepin: was heading 1975-94 (see under DIBENZAZEPINES 1975-90); use DIBENZAZEPINES to search DIBENZEPIN 1975-94; tricyclic antidepressant similar in action to imipramine		2.110dibenzodiazepine
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		3.8730mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.4130N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.4520benzenes;
sulfonamide
glymidine
glymidine: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONAMIDES 1975-90); GLIDIAZINE & GLYCODIAZINE were see GLYMIDINE 1975-92; use SULFONAMIDES to search GLYMIDINE 1975-92; a sulfonamide hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. glymidine : A sulfonamide that is N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring by a 2-methoxyethoxy group. It is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.		2.0410diether;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		hypoglycemic agent
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		5.3870benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		2.5120aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		1.9910ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0810hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-[4-[[(2-chlorophenyl)methylamino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methanamine
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic amine
cuprizone
[no description available]		7.110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		2.2110amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trifluoroethylamine
trifluoroethylamine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified fluorine locants		2.110
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		2.954011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		2.0410diarylmethane
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfur-containing amino acid;
thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antidote;
antioxidant;
hepatoprotective agent
2-fluoroethylamine
2-fluoroethylamine: structure in first source		2.110
chlorphentermine
Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)		2.0410amphetamines
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		3.2660monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		4.4601-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.7530cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.8530bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		2.0410thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
dichloralantipyrine
dichloralantipyrine: 1:2 compound of antipyrine with chloral hydrate		2.0410
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.4620isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.7530phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.1110benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.4220dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin
Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.		2.0510tertiary amine;
tryptamine alkaloid		coral metabolite;
hallucinogen
thymoquinone
thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.		2.66201,4-benzoquinonesadjuvant;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
arecaidine
[no description available]		2.110citraconoyl group
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.57204-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
azetidine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
azetidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.4720
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8630ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
methallenestril
methallenestril: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410naphthalenes
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		6.3342furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.05103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol
Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.8830diarylmethane
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		2.110gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.0710benzamides
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.4320thiazoles
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		6.6142methoxybenzenes;
phenols
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		8.48161amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.8430carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide
[no description available]		2.0410
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.9940dialdehydebiomarker
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.2310benzenes;
sulfonamide
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
thiphenamil
thiphenamil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.0810isothiocyanateinsecticide
aminopenicillanic acid
aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
penicillanic acids		allergen
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		19.85612carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
tripalmitin
tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.5220triglyceride
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		2.110tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
phenindamine
phenindamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410indene
lactulose
[no description available]		3.5920glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		9.545120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.		2.0710organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
n,n-dimethylethylamine
[no description available]		2.110
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
diethylmethylamine
[no description available]		2.110
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		10.7980acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
glycine ethyl ester
glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
n-methylpiperidine
N-methylpiperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
clopenthixol
Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.		11.89201N-alkylpiperazine;
primary alcohol;
thioxanthenes		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
phendimetrazine
phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4620
trimetozine
[no description available]		2.4620morpholines
clopamide
Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		3.4111sulfonamide
benzydamine
Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.		2.4720aromatic ether;
indazoles;
tertiary amino compound		analgesic;
central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
local anaesthetic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		4.7790cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
butaperazine
butaperazine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search BUTAPERAZINE 1966-94		2.0410phenothiazines
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		2.0710docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		3.853017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tempidon
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinone: structure in first source		2.110piperidones
vinblastine
[no description available]		2.4520
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
oxolamine
oxolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410oxadiazole;
ring assembly
ethylestrenol
Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.4420steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		3.8230ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid: phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.3110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.0710alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
prothipendyl
prothipendyl: a neuroleptic azaphenothiazine; RN given refers to parent cpd		6.9810aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound
dehydroepiandrosterone acetate
3beta-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17-one: structure in first source		2.0410steroid ester
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.5320
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		7.0610
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		3.8830glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		6.7871alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.0810aliphatic nitrile
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.071021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810aromatic ketone
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.5820aromatic ether
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
clopyralid
clopyralid : An organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated picolinic acid structure.		2.110organochlorine pesticide;
pyridines		herbicide
dimethylaminopropionitrile
[no description available]		2.110
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.0410organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		7.93131tertiary amine
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		6.6591benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
2-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5h-dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)diazepine
2-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)diazepine: structure given in first source		2.0210
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		4.0640aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
clothiapine
clothiapine: was heading 1975-94 (was see under DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES 1975-90); CLOTIAPINE was see CLOTHIAPINE 1978-94; use DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES to search CLOTHIAPINE 1975-94; antipsychotic similar to clozapine		4.0440dibenzothiazepine
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		10.03291benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		3.1710aromatic ketone
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
5-phenylvaleric acid
5-phenylvaleric acid: from Polygonum salicifolium. 5-phenylpentanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid substituted by a phenyl group at the delta-position.		2.110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		2.0210corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
flupenthixol
Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.		8.68172thioxanthenes
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.9740pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).		2.0410sulfur coordination entitygreenhouse gas;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
ultrasound contrast agent
acadesine
[no description available]		2.5201-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.0410N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
toliprolol
toliprolol: was MH 1975-92 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1981-90, was DOBEROL see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-80); KOE 592 was see TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; use PROPANOLAMINES to search TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; beta adrenergic blockader with some stimulant action; it has been proposed for angina pectoris		2.0410aromatic ether
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.2650dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.0510organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.2550dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.4520penicillinantibacterial drug
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.		2.0410beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antimicrobial agent
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		4.12312-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.2110carbon oxoanion
valnoctamide
[no description available]		7.1110fatty amide
cladribine
[no description available]		4.0840organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.2310penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
noxiptilin
noxiptilin: proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410organic tricyclic compound
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.4520carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4620isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.7530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.5820acridines
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
iprindole
Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)		2.0410indoles
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		2.0810dioxolane
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
isometheptene
isometheptene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5040		2.0410secondary amino compound
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.110cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		3.8430azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		5.43110amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.0610diarylmethane
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
molindone
Molindone: An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)		11.73138indoles
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		7.2510elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		7.2510copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.1310manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.0810titanium group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		7.0310f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		7.6120copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		2.0410monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.9540pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
hexocyclium
hexocyclium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410amine
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		2.9140chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		4.3441delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.0810dihydrogen
glycerol 1-stearate
glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.		2.55201-acylglycerol 18:0;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol		algal metabolite;
Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.1510
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		2.0810epoxide
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		2.110benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.0410diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
clortermine
[no description available]		2.0410amphetamines
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
nicofuranose
nicofuranose: derivative of nicotinic acid that produces fewer side effects than pure nicotinic acid; used in peripheral vascular disease; also proposed as anticholesteremic; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line search NIACIN/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search NIACIN/AA (83-84), NICOTINIC ACIDS (75-82)		2.0410organooxygen compound
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.0810titanium oxidesfood colouring
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1410phenothiazines
parbendazole
parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
cloforex
cloforex: carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275		2.0410amphetamines
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0510benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		7.63141selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		3.14506-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clobutinol
clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79)		2.0410benzenes;
organic amino compound
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		5.6750monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.7530monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.0810bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		3.8630beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.7330glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
eedq
EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent		2.4320
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.1310acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
edifenphos
edifenphos: structure. edifenphos : An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid. Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.		2.0610organic thiophosphateantifungal agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.426017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.730carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
clonixin
Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.		3.1210aminopyridine;
organochlorine compound;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.620
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.2310
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		4.04202-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		5.6850aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.0710benzamides
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.4620cephalosporinantibacterial drug
diftalone
[no description available]		2.0710
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.8730nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.76301,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		10.01120indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		6.4250benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		5.7922chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
pyrrolidine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
pyrrolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.472011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.5920indoles
chloroprene
Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.		2.0410chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.4520chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
n-chlorosuccinimide
N-chlorosuccinimide : A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a chloro substituent on the nitrogen atom.		7.110dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		4.0740bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		3.27603-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.0710phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.4520acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
proquazone
proquazone: nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent; structure		2.0410pyrimidines
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.4320organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.4120benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
dihydro-beta-erythroidine
Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.		2.0410delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		nicotinic antagonist
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.4720
propamocarb
propamocarb: RN given refers to parent cpd. propamocarb : A carbamate ester that is the propyl ester of 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamic acid. It is a systemic fungicide, used (normally as the hydrochloride salt) for the control of soil, root and leaf diseases caused by oomycetes, particularly Phytophthora and Pythium species.		2.110carbamate ester;
carbamate fungicide;
tertiary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		6.43120glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.2310N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.0640beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzenes
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.0310pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		4.6780penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.5370timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9640tryptamines
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.01102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		6.46120cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.8830catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
canadine
canadine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. canadine : A berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10.		2.0810aromatic ether;
berberine alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxacycle
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		4.0540carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.9910sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		3.5920amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.1680azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.4620organic molecular entity
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		3.8730pyrroline
cyclindole
cyclindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1510
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210aromatic ether
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.9640amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		10.861taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		6.5681beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		8.6620peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.2450catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfide
phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfide: dopamine-beta-hydroxylase substrate; structure given in first source		2.110
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		3.1350phenanthrenes
butaclamol
(+)-butaclamol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,4,4a,8,9,13b,14-octahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline substituted at position 3 by both hydroxy and tert-butyl groups.		2.4320organic heteropentacyclic compound
butaclamol
[no description available]		2.1110amino alcohol;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.8230ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.0410amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		5.95701-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
miloxacin
miloxacin: structure in second source		2.0410quinolines
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.0840alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.110
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.0510catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		3.2310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.0940aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.5570L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.4120monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.4720aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		2.9540
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		4.851005-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4820pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		3.87301,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.4420cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.2310benzophenones
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.0510pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.4320azepanes
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		5.5640benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.8630anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.0840aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		4.9260aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.0210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		2.4220aromatic ether
Flamprop
[no description available]		2.110benzamides
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.7330acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		3.8430anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.0740penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		11.48449aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		5.9470alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
progabide
progabide: GABA agonist; structure		2.0510diarylmethane
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.0740cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.0810indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710indoles
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.8430diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.0510cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0710ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.4720nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		4.5270diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
bicifadine
bicifadine: a nonopioid analgesic that modulates the monoaminergic pathways involved in pain		2.0610
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		2.7130benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.4820benzofurans
fluperlapine
fluperlapine: structure given in first source		8.0950benzazepine
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.4420dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.2310
doxofylline
doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.		2.0410oxopurineanti-asthmatic drug;
antitussive;
bronchodilator agent
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.0810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		4.0640monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.4820aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
fenoxycarb
fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.		2.0110aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
juvenile hormone mimic;
xenobiotic
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		5.0670organic molecular entity
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.2550
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		6.1690delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4720aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.620naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
rimcazole
rimcazole: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		4.0420carbazoles
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.7330aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		5.19140delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		3.1450benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		6.45131dimethoxybenzene
quinpirole
Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.		3.5380pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.54703-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.8530N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		11.4482hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		3.8830aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.4160dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.0940imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.0310hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4620N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		7.81713-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.1510aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710catecholamine
tiospirone
tiospirone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.9140
lonapalene
RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis		2.0710naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.5620imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.0810naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.2310aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.7230N-arylpiperazine
eticlopride
eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.1110salicylamides
flesinoxan
[no description available]		1.9910
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.26503-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
naxagolide
naxagolide: structure given in first source. naxagolide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (4aR,10bR)-3,4,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]oxazine substituted by propyl and hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 9, respectively. It is a potent dopamine D2-receptor agonist and its hydrochloride salt was under clinical development by Merck & Co as a potential antiparkinsonian agent (now discontinued).		3.4311organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.0710
n 0437, (-)-isomer
rotigotine: Antiparkinson Agent and dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1310tetralins
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		3.8430aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		13.73703heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.23106-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
aromasil
[no description available]		3.863017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.2960fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.42601-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide
remacemide: structure given in first source		2.0710stilbenoid
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		3.8730methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.0840phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		5.6750beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.9340tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		3.5620pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.2550aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		3.5620organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.3960benzenes;
organic amino compound
fananserin
fananserin: RN & structure given in first source		3.5320naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		21.8439552aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
xanomeline
xanomeline: a cholinergic agonist; used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; structure given in first source		1.9910tetrahydropyridine;
thiadiazoles		muscarinic agonist;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.5620alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.86100aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.2550monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		4.7590duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.8630duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		5.6351carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.6780biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.2310
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		22.24319841,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		3.8730oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		3.6120monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310biphenyls
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.2310L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.930carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.0640adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
d-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.1102-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
cathinone
cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.		2.11102-aminopropiophenone;
monoamine alkaloid		central nervous system stimulant;
psychotropic drug
tenocyclidine
tenocyclidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.		2.0110piperidines;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
octyl glucoside
octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.		2.0310beta-D-glucosideplant metabolite
cyamemazine
cyamemazine: phototoxic neuroleptic effects; structure in first source		2.0810phenothiazines
pipothiazine
pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers		3.4110
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.4820hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ketone
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		7.82203hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		3.6120
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.0710
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.8530cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.8730acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		3.8730aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.9830D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.46202-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.4620organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.6120azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		3.8730carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.2310acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		2.1710methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		4.131N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.110xanthene dyefluorochrome
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		2.06101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
salvin
salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)		2.2510abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
food preservative;
HIV protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.4920glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710aromatic ether
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.0210benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
proxicromil
proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.2310organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.5920benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.2310organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
ceftezole
ceftezole: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer; structure. ceftezole : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles
milnacipran
Milnacipran: A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.		2.7430acetamides
esreboxetine
esreboxetine: a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor		2.0510aromatic ether
inaperisone
inaperisone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410aromatic ketone
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.2310sulfonamide
torbafylline
torbafylline: structure given in first source		2.0710
mizolastine
[no description available]		3.1350benzimidazoles
terikalant
terikalant: experimental class II antiarrhythmic drug; RN gioven refers to terikalant ((S-(-))-isomer)		2.7230piperidines
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.0510pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		3.6120piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		7.9172benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether)
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether): minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search HEXESTROL/AA (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410stilbenoid
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.7330fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-phenylbenzoic acid
4-phenylbenzoic acid: RN given refers to 4-carboxylic cpd		2.0410
thiamorpholine
thiamorpholine: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiomorpholine : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is an analogue of morpholine where the oxygen atom is replaced by sulfur.		2.110saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
thiomorpholines
bromosuccinimide
Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).		7.0310dicarboximide;
organobromine compound;
pyrrolidinone		reagent
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		6.01411,2,3-triazole
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
disobutamide
[no description available]		2.0410acetamides
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
setoperone
[no description available]		5.5632
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		4.35412-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		14.175325dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		210isourea
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		3.61201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
budipine
budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541		2.4320diarylmethane
pirlindole
pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812		2.0110carbazoles
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
mesulergine
mesulergine: RN given refers to parent cpd; CU 32-085 is synonymous to mono-HCl; metabolized into dopaminergic agonists; structure given in first source. mesulergine : A member of the class of ergot alkaloids that is known to act on serotonin and dopamine receptors.		2.9440ergot alkaloid;
sulfamides		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic antagonist
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		3.1750dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.08103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.110
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.1710aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol;
nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0410fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.2310aminopyrimidine
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		210
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0710cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		210aromatic compound
metaclazepam
Ka-2547: benzodiazepine deriv		2.0510benzodiazepine
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.6120chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.6580aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		10.821541,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		3.8530razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.0810succinate saltgeroprotector
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.2950conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.0810organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
mepindolol
mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710indoles
fpl 52791
FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure		2.0710
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		210benzofurans
carazolol
carazolol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.110carbazoles
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.6120amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mdl 11939
alpha-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinemethanol: class III antiarrythmic agent; structure given in first source		3.110primary amine
clociguanil
clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
2-tetradecylglycidic acid
2-tetradecylglycidic acid: structure		2.110
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		2.4320acetamides
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		5.46141phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
lividomycin
[no description available]		2.0410lividomycinsmetabolite
gentamicin c1
[no description available]		2.0410
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.9540fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
oleandomycin
[no description available]		2.110oleandomycins
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure		2.0410
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
amperozide
amperozide : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs.		2.6830diarylmethane;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary carboxamide;
ureas		anxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		4.5540hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.110oligopeptide
3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)propionic acid
3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)propionic acid: a selectin inhibitor		2.110
dimethylaminopropanol
dimethylaminopropanol: dimethylamine precursor		2.110
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0710
rivastigmine
[no description available]		10.79110carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		3.2310carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		3.5920indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		11.26101aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6120benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		3.5520acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
4-phenylbutylamine
4-phenylbutylamine: used as a drug partition into lipid bilayers in a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. 4-phenylbutylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.110benzenes;
phenylalkylamine;
primary amino compound
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.0810organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		4.94110macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
epidepride
epidepride: structure given in first source		7.4220dimethoxybenzene
glycinexylidide
glycinexylidide: dealkylated metabolite of lidocaine; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd with dimethylphenyl moiety in positions 2,6. glycinexylidide : A amino acid amide with 2,6-dimethylaniline and glycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.		2.110amino acid amidedrug metabolite
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		2.110dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
kampirone
1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone; structure given in first source		2.110N-arylpiperazine
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		10.521513-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
n-desmethylclobazam
desmethylclobazam: major pharmacologically active metabolite of clobazam; structure in first source		2.0610benzodiazepine
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		9.6832iditolfungal metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.8430peptide
tandospirone
tandospirone: structure given in first source. tandospirone : A dicarboximide that is (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione which is substituted by a 4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl group at position 2. It is a potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (Ki = 27 nM).		1.9910bridged compound;
dicarboximide;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyrimidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug
sennoside B
sennoside B : A member of the class of sennosides that is (9R,9'S)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'.		2.0410oxo dicarboxylic acid;
sennosides
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		2.7730amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: endogenous amine from rat brain		2.6620isoquinolines
levobupivacaine
Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.		2.06101-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamideadrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		4.04202-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.2310peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.7630amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
isopelletierine
isopelletierine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; synonym pelletierine refers to (-)-isomer		2.110citraconoyl group
fenpropimorph
[no description available]		2.110alkylbenzene
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.07101-benzopyran
dimethacrine
dimethacrine: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ACRIDINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410acridines
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone & gepirone		2.110
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.4820D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.422021-hydroxy steroid
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer
methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.0310alpha-D-mannoside;
methyl mannoside
hexylcaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.863017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.0710beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
sn 38
SN-38 : A member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is (4S)-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14-dione bearing two additional ethyl substituents at positions 4 and 11 as well as two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 9. It is the active metabolite of irinotecan and is ~1000 times more active than irinotecan itself.		3.1210delta-lactone;
phenols;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
sr141716
[no description available]		2.7630amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		4.140primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
ecgonine methyl ester
ecgonine methyl ester: major metabolite of cocaine; RN given refers to parent cpd (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer. ecgonine methyl ester : The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine.		2.0610methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		analgesic;
central nervous system depressant;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		2.0710aromatic ketone
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
l-lactic acid
(S)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.		2.110(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
2-hydroxypropanoic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.0710N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		4.0940alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine
[no description available]		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-n-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide
3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide: a dopamine receptor imaging agent; RN refers to (S)-isomer; RN & structure given in first source		6.88117
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1h indole
[no description available]		2.420indoles
alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol
alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol: NM refers to free form; BMY 14802-1 is the HCl; structure given in first source		1.9910N-arylpiperazine
rx 821002
2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.		2.4520benzodioxine;
cyclic ketal;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
tamibarotene
tamibarotene: has retinoid-binding activity. tamibarotene : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
retinoid;
tetralins		antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.9340
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.8630benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
5-hydroxydopamine
5-hydroxydopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410catecholamine
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.110ibuprofen
n-n-propyl-n-phenylethyl-4(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		1.9910
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable		2.0710straight-chain fatty acid
norbuprenorphine
norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.1210phenanthrenes
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine: cyclic methadone metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.86301,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
perospirone
perospirone: structure given in first source		12.4104N-arylpiperazine
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.8730adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
afdx 384
[no description available]		2.0310
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		791benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
mosapride
4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.		2.0610aromatic ether;
benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
deramciclane
deramciclane: structure in first source; RN refers to (exo-EGYT 3886)-isomer		2.110
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.8630isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
293b cpd
6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane: RN given for (trans-(+-))-isomer		3.12101-benzopyran
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
ezogabine
ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.		3.1210carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anticonvulsant;
potassium channel modulator
fpl-52694
FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source		2.0710
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.		1.9910(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		geroprotector;
serotonergic agonist
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source		2.2510
uh 301
UH 301: structure given in first source		2.4220
3-quinuclidinyl-4-iodobenzilate
[no description available]		2.9510
ici 169369
2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)thio)-3-phenylquinoline: structure & RN given in first source		1.9910
5-(dimethylamino)-n-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
5-(dimethylamino)-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: structure in first source; endothelin receptor antagonist		3.1210naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
a 68930
A 68930: D-1 dopamine receptor agonist		6.99102-benzopyran
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.0510methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.2310indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
tecastemizole
[no description available]		2.4320
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.0810bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		2.0410penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		3.8730aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)-
Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.		2.3110amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin		vasodilator agent
ramatroban
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.6120benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-n-oxyl
3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-N-oxyl: a blood–brain barrier-permeative, redox-senstitive probe in electron paramagnetic resonance imaging		2.0510
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
r-1-(6-(r-2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-oxohexanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
miridesap: small molecule compound that depletes serum amyloid P component (SAP)		3.1210
l 687414
L 687414: RN given refers to (3S-cis)-isomer		2.0810
blonanserin
[no description available]		4.4541organic molecular entity
bd 1008
BD 1008: structure in first source		4.0420primary amine
methotrexate
[no description available]		4.6580dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
reboxetine
Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		7.71116aromatic ether
fg 5893
FG 5893: a mixed serotonin agonist & antagonist; attenuates alcohol drinking in rats		1.9910
xaliproden
xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.		2.0710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		serotonergic agonist
3-n-(2-fluoroethyl)spiperone
3-N-(2-fluoroethyl)spiperone: structure given in first source		3.411
tamsulosin
[no description available]		3.23105-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-isobutyrylcysteine
N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.0710
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.4720penicillanic acids
nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide
[no description available]		2.2110
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		3.8730biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.620amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		2.2510indolyl carboxylic acid
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		10.9221sulfonamideprodrug
4b,5,9b,10-tetrahydroindeno(1,2-b)indole
4b,5,9b,10-tetrahydroindeno(1,2-b)indole: RN refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0510
s 14671
S 14671: serotonin receptor agonist; RN from toxlit		1.9910
1-(4-bromophenylaminocarbonyl)-4,5-diphenyl-3-pyrazolidinone
1-(4-bromophenylaminocarbonyl)-4,5-diphenyl-3-pyrazolidinone: a diphenylpyrazolidinone; cholecystokin antagonist; decreases midbrain dopamine unit activity; LY288513 and LY288512 are optical isomers of LlY262691		1.9910
quilostigmine
quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710pyrroloindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
l 741742
L 741742: selective toward D4 receptors; structure in first source		3.110primary amine
sonepiprazole
[no description available]		5.1931
imiloxan
[no description available]		2.0710benzodioxine
l 741626
3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source		2.7730piperidines
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.61201,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
aspartame
[no description available]		4.1531carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		2.0410D-xylose
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		3.1410beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
tempol
[no description available]		2.0710aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.4920amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cdri 81-470
[no description available]		2.0410
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.91301-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.4420hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.6120secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
bdp 12
1-(quinoxalin-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: modulates AMPA receptor desensitization ; an analog of 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine		4.7421N-acylpiperidine
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.5920carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		5.021209-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		4.5940azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.2310carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.6120amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.2310benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.0510
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		6.26101aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
vx 497
N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source		4.0420
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.2310
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.620dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		3.2310isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.4820tropane alkaloid
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.4420morpholines
desmethylastemizole
desmethylastemizole: astemizole metabolite in dog plasma; structure given in first source		2.4320benzimidazoles
ym 09151-2
nemonapride: structure in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. nemonapride : A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.. (2R,3R)-nemonapride : An optically active form of nemonapride having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.7330N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzamide
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		5.2790methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
lactitol
lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.		2.0710glycosyl alditolcathartic;
excipient;
laxative
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.4720biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
mdl 74156
hydrodolasetron: active metabolite of dolasetron		2.4620
cerium sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
clofibride
clofibride: structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acid
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.44202,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
fpl 52757
FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
asenapine
asenapine : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.. (S,S)-asenapine : A 5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.		15.2447195-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole
zalospirone
zalospirone: a partial 5-HT1A receptor agonist; RN given refers to (3aalpha,4alpha,4abeta,6abeta,7alpha,7aalpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 4/91		1.9910
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.8730amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.2310antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
clorazepate dipotassium
Clorazepate Dipotassium: A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.		2.0310potassium saltanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		2.0410dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.2310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.0510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.2310
fpl 59257
FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D		2.0710
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		6.41121
ly 97241
LY 97241: clofilium analog; blocks heart potassium channels; structure given in first source		2.0610
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.7430piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.0310imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.620aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
zeneca zd 6169
Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source		2.0710
l 694,458
DMP 777: structure given in first source		2.0410
psyllium
Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.		7.3110very long-chain fatty acid
sibenadet
sibenadet: structure in first source		2.0710
emd 60263
EMD 60263: a thiadiazinone derivative; a Ca+2 sensitizer devoid of any phosphorodiesterase inhibiting properties; EMD 60264 is an enantiomer of EMD 60263; structure given in second source		2.0610
ngd 94-1
NGD 94-1: D(4) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.110
24,25-oxidolanosterol
24,25-oxidolanosterol: OLAN is 24(S),25-oxidolanosterol		2.4110
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0710methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.4720acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
yh 1885
YH 1885: proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0410
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.59201-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.8830indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		3.620furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bifeprunox
bifeprunox: an antipsychotic agent		7.7430biphenyls
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.6820carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		3.5520
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		3.620(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		2.071011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dromostanolone propionate
dromostanolone propionate: RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.04103-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.		3.121017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstane-3,17-diol		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
lanosterol
[no description available]		2.411014alpha-methyl steroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.0410
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.59201-benzofurans
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		3.853017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.7630penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.4620acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
ibogaine
Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group.		2.0610
menthofuran
menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.07101-benzofurans;
monoterpenoid		nematicide;
plant metabolite
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib
[no description available]		3.8730amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		7.48811,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
5-methyl-2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)-3-thiophenecarbonitrile
5-methyl-2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)-3-thiophenecarbonitrile: structure given in first source		210
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.0310
carboplatin
[no description available]		7.0998
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		210catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		4.9281inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		3.1450
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.0510D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.		2.11105-hydroxytryptophan;
amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-L-tryptophan;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		4.1640heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
bekanamycin
bekanamycin: kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410kanamycins
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.0310myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		2.452011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.8530coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.0410monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		5.01120cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.2650alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.06401-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		3.5620beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.7630cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.0840L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.2310acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.23102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.7330
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		3.6120piperidines
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
mefloquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0110
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.0510aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0210penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		3.8830acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide
(S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.		2.0710N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
norpseudoephedrine
norpseudoephedrine: major metabolite of diethylpropion in man under acidic urine conditions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation;. cathine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer).		2.110amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		central nervous system stimulant;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.		2.0310aldehyde;
tripeptide		cysteine protease inhibitor
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
hetacillin
[no description available]		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug
sb 243213
SB 243213: a 5-HT2c inverse agonist; structure in first source		2.0510indolyl carboxylic acid
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.0840tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		2.0710organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.0710amino sugar
medigoxin
Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).		2.0410cardenolide glycoside
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.110alkaloidgeroprotector
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.432011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.23101-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.1650cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		2.4420amino cyclitol;
glycoside
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.110cinnamic acidplant metabolite
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		2.0310antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.6580retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		8.3720icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.2110resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		4.140retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.5320octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.7850macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.7430dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		3.8530dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		6.6151benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		6.46702-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		3.8630
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		4.0420
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		3.8530epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		6.1790macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.0510
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.0310aromatic amide
benzoylecgonine
benzoylecgonine: cocaine is benzoyl methyl ecgonine; RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure. ecgonine benzoate : A benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.		3.411benzoate ester;
tropane alkaloid		epitope;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.4720olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
epothilone a
Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).		2.0310epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.2310homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.4240N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
decitabine
[no description available]		3.87302'-deoxyribonucleoside
teniposide
[no description available]		4.0840aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.4520cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		4.0740actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		13.64112L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		2.7630pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.0310amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		3.5920nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.5920antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.8630flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.5920one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.5120organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.2310arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
artemisin
[no description available]		2.0610
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0510
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.610isomethyleugenol
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
rauwolscine
Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		2.4720methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
flavin mononucleotide
[no description available]		2.0410flavin mononucleotide;
vitamin B2		bacterial metabolite;
coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		7.7630olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		2.9910malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		3.6120vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.4320penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		10.3141indolyl carboxylic acid
prednisolone hemisuccinate
prednisolone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone succinate : A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.4720oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.0410
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.0210purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.2650pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.0410
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0210
ipratropium
[no description available]		2.0710
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		4.5351chlorprothixene
doxepin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.110
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.2550ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		4.5370aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.0710pyrimidone
jrf 12
N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor		4.0420
crotamiton
[no description available]		2.0710
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.0810sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
lobeline
[no description available]		2.0410
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.520N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.0710diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		5.1650N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.6120zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		12.3121diarylmethane
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		5.08701,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.4620diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.4260monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.7930capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0210
zuclomiphene
Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0610stilbenoid
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.5370acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone
1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone: structure given in first source		2.0410
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810isoquinolines
4E2RCat
[no description available]		4.0420organic molecular entity
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		3.85302-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		11.83227cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.5620dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		4.4160cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
streptozocin
[no description available]		3.8530
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.2510benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
tamoxifen
[no description available]		6.28140stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside
4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position.		2.110beta-D-glucoside;
coumarins;
monosaccharide derivative		chromogenic compound
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.1310
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.0740pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source		2.0210
jnj-5207852
[no description available]		3.1610
cancidas
[no description available]		3.2310
zeranol
Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.		2.0410macrolide
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.472011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy carboxylic acid
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.2310carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.0810cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.4420barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.051017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		6.0642C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.2310
hmr 3647
[no description available]		3.8730
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.8730tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		4.0740aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.6120beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
pica
Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.		3.1950
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide
4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.		2.110iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		14.926916alkali metal atom
albutoin
albutoin: structure		2.0410organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
iodothiouracil
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		5.9774
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		13.63225salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		4.2450indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.0510hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
almokalant
almokalant: structure given in first source		3.8330
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.4720steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		7.1374beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		4.2650cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
zofenoprilate
zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.		210aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thiol		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
glyceryl nonivamide
N-(4-O-glycerol-3-methoxybenzyl)nonivamide: structure given in first source		2.0610
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine
4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source		3.1610piperidines
thioperamide
thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist		3.5520primary aliphatic amine
alpha-hydroxytamoxifen
alpha-hydroxytamoxifen: structure in first source		3.1210stilbenoid
sch 23390
SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		3.0240benzazepine
bp 897
BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source		3.1210naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0710aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
deracoxib
SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.88301,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-aminohippuric acid
[no description available]		2.0710N-acylglycine
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine
[no description available]		2.4520phosphatidyl-L-serine
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
sb 258585
SB 258585: is a high affinity ligand at 5-HT(6) receptors; structure in first source		2.2510piperazines
rs-130830
RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor		2.0710
nafadotride
nafadotride: structure given in first source. nafadotride : A naphthalenecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-cyano-1-methoxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 1-(1-butylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methanamine. It is a highly potent, competitive, preferential dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, centrally active upon systemic administration.		3.5120aromatic ether;
naphthalenecarboxamide;
nitrile;
pyrrolidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
crocin
crocin: a free radical scavenger		3.4811
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
sb 242084
6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source		2.4720
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine: activates mGlu(5) receptors; structure in first source		2.0210
rs 102221
[no description available]		2.110aromatic ketone
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		2.3110
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.2110C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.0310aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sb 408124
SB 408124: a hypocretin receptor type 1 (HcrtR1) antagonist		2.0810organohalogen compound;
quinolines
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		3.8830triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940		2.0410alkylbenzene;
ring assembly
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.0310organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		5.05702-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		3.1110
quercetin
[no description available]		4.24307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.0410biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		4.0950prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tylosin
[no description available]		2.110aldehyde;
disaccharide derivative;
enone;
leucomycin;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		allergen;
bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.0310trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.2550D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.4620
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.7530carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.		2.1310fatty acid 20:3;
long-chain fatty acid		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
nutraceutical
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.1650prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		3.6120hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.0510D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.03107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		4.2550antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.7530oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.416011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.8730
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		3.8730dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		3.8730aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.2310isoquinolines
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810maleate saltanti-allergic agent
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.0210
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
ethchlorvynol
Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.		2.0410
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.59402-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		3.5920hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.0510carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		7.1510hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		4.7361alpha-humulene
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0510alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.4420homodetic cyclic peptide
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		8.8321ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		7.1110endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.0710organic molecular entity
rokitamycin
rokitamycin: structure in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		2.4720amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.5620cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol
[no description available]		2.1510phosphatidylglycerol
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.9640enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.2650retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.7330
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.0810organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.8430prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.23101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		4.2650N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.5920cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
homatropine
[no description available]		2.0710tropane alkaloid
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.0410endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoserine
{1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phospho}serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.		2.74303-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine
codeine
[no description available]		5.0370morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		4.9360homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
natamycin
[no description available]		2.7530antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.8730acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
cloprednol
cloprednol: relative anti-inflammatory potency twice prednisolone; synthetic glucocorticoid; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		2.462017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.110morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0210sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.5820piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		6.6453aromatic amide;
indazoles
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		2.0710morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		4.0740morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydroxystilbamidine
hydroxystilbamidine: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search STILBAMIDINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		5.41100pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		3.5620carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
meprednisone
[no description available]		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		2.7530morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		3.5420morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		5.52120morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.6120organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		4.0840morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.5920phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
acepreval
acepreval: topical steroid used for skin disease therapy		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0410organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		5.9870antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		12.25297cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.0310macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		3.5420dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.44201,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		11.26140morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.0710
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		10.4750medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
sb 277011
SB 277011: structure in first source		2.5120
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.5620organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.0510carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
preclamol
preclamol: centrally acting dopamine receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors		2.0510
l 745870
3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source		3.110piperazines
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4520isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		2.03101-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
mdl 100907
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.		12.97201
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.0540organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.8830phenylalanine derivative
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid
sb 223412
SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
vinorelbine
[no description available]		3.8530acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
zuclopenthixol
zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.		210clopenthixolalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
ro 63-0563
4-amino-N-(2,6 bis-methylamino-pyridin-4-yl)-benzene sulfonamide: structure in first source		2.0210
ro 4-6790
Ro 4-6790: structure in first source		2.0210benzenes;
sulfonamide
sb 258719
[no description available]		1.9910
sb 271046
SB 271046: 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.4620
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.0510
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		10.34285(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ag-490
[no description available]		2.4520catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		3.620monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
stilbamidine
stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
bay 11-7082
(E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.		2.0310nitrile;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.6580dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.4720ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
codeine phosphate
[no description available]		2.110
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.1710boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
dihydromorphine
Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.		2.110morphinane alkaloid
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		7.0610metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		15.875014cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		3.5520morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		5.54406-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.5570morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefixime
[no description available]		4.4160cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		10.9670dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.5620benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.2650azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.2650dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		7.2510chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
methylazoxymethanol acetate
Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.		7.9630azoxy compound
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		3.8630styrenes
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.0840dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.0510
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2310
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		4.7421cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		7.0210monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		3.6120morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.2850dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
normorphine
normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer		2.110morphinane alkaloid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		2.0510
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		4.0420pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.5920amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		3.56203-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.25501,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.5620cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.2310
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.0740cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2550dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
morphine-3-glucuronide
morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		3.5520morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		4.1840gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0710
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.4420dichlorobenzene
1-[4-[4-[[(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanone
[no description available]		2.0110piperazines
famotidine
[no description available]		4.24501,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
tiapridex
Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.		3.2510benzamides
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		3.85301,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.0740beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029
Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source		2.0710
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins		2.110
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		2.0510biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.4520cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.0510acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		12.182211azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		4.7270maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
ciproxifan
[no description available]		210aromatic ketone
methylazoxymethanol
methylazoxymethanol: a neuroteratogen; reacts with guanine residues of DNA & RNA forming 7-methylguanine adduct products; carcinogenicity probably related to biological decomposition into methyldiazonium ion, the ultimate methylating agent; structure in first source		2.2510azoxy compound
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.1510
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		4.0420cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
clopenthixol acetate ester
clopenthixol acetate ester: structure given in first source		2.4820thioxanthenes
4-oxoretinoic acid
4-oxoretinoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. all-trans-4-oxoretinoic acid : A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.		2.0210enone;
retinoid		human xenobiotic metabolite
lumefantrine
Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0610fluorenes;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amine		antimalarial
ici d1542
ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors		2.0710
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.59201,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
clopenthixol decanoate
[no description available]		2.0510
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0710
gt 2331
[no description available]		3.1610
netupitant
netupitant: orally active neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. netupitant : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid with the secondary amino group of N-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine; an antiemetic used in combination with palonosetron hydrochloride (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		7.610aminopyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
toluenes		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		2.0410
govadine
govadine: RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		7.1110
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.0210macrolide antibioticprodrug
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.0510penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.03101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source		2.0310benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		3.5620cephalosporinantibacterial drug
rosaramicin
rosaramicin: RN given refers to parent cpd. rosaramicin : A macrolide antibiotic with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis.		2.110aldehyde;
enone;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		bacterial metabolite
2-[(3-iodophenyl)methylthio]-5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.0310aryl sulfide
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.0740ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.0510nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.0510
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		4.6580imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
6-cyano-4-(n-ethylsulfonyl-n-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane, (trans-(+))-isomer
[no description available]		3.1210
sb 269970
SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source		2.7830sulfonamide
sb 334867-a
1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea: selective OX1 receptor antagonist		2.4420naphthyridine derivative
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.4320nitrofuran antibiotic
6 beta-hydroxycortisol
6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.		3.381111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
6beta-hydroxy steroid;
C21-steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
probe
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.1510isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		2.1110diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.0840
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.7730roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.8930cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		2.0310
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.0810
tiapamil hydrochloride
Tiapamil Hydrochloride: A phenylethylamine derivative that acts as a calcium antagonist showing hemodynamic effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction.		2.0110
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
ci 940
leptomycin : A complex, very long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid whose core structure comprises 8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid having methyl substituents at positions 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 and a 3,6-dihydropyran-6-one-2-yl group at position 19.		2.0310hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leptomycin		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite
tipredane
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.6120macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.6120(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
[no description available]		4.0420oligopeptide
vofopitant
[no description available]		2.0210
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
rwj-333369
S-2-O-carbamoyl-1-o-chlorophenyl-ethanol: neuromodulator/Antiepileptic Agent; structure in first source		2.1510organochlorine compound
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.5920diarylmethane
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.2310substituted aniline
2-ethyl-5-methoxy-n,n-dimethyltryptamine
2-ethyl-5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: a 5-HT(6) receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.0210
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.520amino acid amide
ms-245
N,N-dimethyl-2-(1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamine: a 5-HT(6) receptor ligand; structure in first source		2.0210
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
sb 399885
SB 399885: 5-HT6 receptor antagonist		2.830
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		2.0710dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
phenylalanylphenylalanine
Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.		2.110dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		2.4120penicillanic acids
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0810
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.9540imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.6201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fosinopril
[no description available]		4.0640
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
pridopidine
pridopidine: a dopamine stabilizer; structure in first source		2.0510
osu 6162
OSU 6162: reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias without inducing akinesia		2.0510
nnc 38-1049
NNC 38-1049: selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.1610
dibutyl phthalate
6-((3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy)-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide: GSK-189254 is the HCl salt; an H3 receptor antagonist; putative cognitive enhancer; structure in first source		3.1610
desvenlafaxine succinate
Desvenlafaxine Succinate: A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.2510
utibapril
utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid		2.0710
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.		2.0310
ave 0118
[no description available]		2.0610
pd 144418
[no description available]		4.0420
benzonitrile, 4-(2-(2-((2r)-2-methyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl)-5-benzofuranyl)-
[no description available]		3.1610
cp 293019
CP 293019: structure given in first source		3.110
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		4.0420benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
lu 28-179
Lu 28-179: sigma(2) ligand and lysosomotropic agent; structure in first source		4.0420
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.2310oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether
zd 9379
ZD 9379: structure given in first source		2.0710
bms 193884
[no description available]		3.1210
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.0710peptide
cp 91149
CP 91149: inhibits liver glycogen phosphorylase; structure in first source		2.0310
paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		14.3766101,2-benzoxazoles;
fatty acid ester;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		2.0710adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.420aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123
[no description available]		2.0710
abt-770
ABT-770: structure in first source		2.0410
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
slv 313
[no description available]		2.4420
hmr 1556
HMR 1556: an I(Ks) channel blocker; structure in first source		3.1210
9-n-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine
9-N-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4720
a 304121
4-((3-(4-(2-aminopropanoyl)-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)phenyl)cyclopropylmethanone: InChIKey: GTMGELLVPUSBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N		3.1610
4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one
4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one: structure in first source		2.0410
flb 457
FLB 457: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		2.4620
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
thiocolchicoside
thiocolchicoside: used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure		2.0510glycoside
sorbitan monooleate
[no description available]		7.1510fatty acid ester
norcodeine
norcodeine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer. norcodeine : A morphinane-like compound that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine.		2.110morphinane alkaloid
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.5220N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
pifithrin-alpha
[no description available]		2.0310
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide
N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source		2.0610piperazines;
pyridines
pitolisant
pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source		7.1310organochlorine compound
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride
[no description available]		2.110
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		2.0710
5-hydroxyrofecoxib
5-hydroxyrofecoxib: structure in first source		3.1210
n-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide
N-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide: structure in first source		4.4222
azacosterol
Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.		2.0410
sb-656104-a
SB-656104-A: structure in first source		2.0710
2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane
2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane: used in PET and SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters; structure in first source		210
pimavanserin
pimavanserin: A 5-HT(2A) inverse agonist; ACP-103 is the dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) salt. It is used to treat hallucinations and delusions associated with PARKINSON DISEASE; structure in first source.. pimavanserin : A member of the class of ureas in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by 4-fluorobenzyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, and 4-(isopropyloxy)benzyl groups. An atypical antipsychotic that is used (in the form of its tartrate salt) for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.		3.9930aromatic ether;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound;
ureas		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor inverse agonist;
antipsychotic agent;
serotonergic antagonist
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		5.5640aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
opc-14857
OPC-14857: metabolite of aripiprazole; structure in first source		2.4920
lecozotan
lecozotan: structure in first source		2.0710
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
gsk215083
GSK215083: a PET radioligand for 5-HT6 receptor; structure in first source		2.2510
delphinidin 3-sambubioside
delphinidin 3-sambubioside: a Hibiscus anthocyanin that induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside : An anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside having delphinidin as the anthocyanidin component.		2.3110anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubiosideapoptosis inducer;
metabolite
ly 379268
LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.		2.5320amino dicarboxylic acid;
bridged compound;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
e-6801
[no description available]		2.0210
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
decanoylcarnitine
decanoylcarnitine: therapeutic agent for diabetic acidosis; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-decanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.		2.110decanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human urinary metabolite
a 317920
N-(2-(4-(3-(4-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)phenoxy)propyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)-2-furamide: A-317920 is the (1R)-isomer; InChIKey: RTRADBQSZJIRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N		3.1610
homatropine methylbromide
homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer		2.4620
cj 033466
CJ 033466: structure in first source		2.0610
PB28
PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.		4.0420aromatic ether;
piperazines;
tetralins		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
sigma-2 receptor agonist
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.4720
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
sch 442416
SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligand		2.0410triazolopyrimidines
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
1-(2,4-difluorophenethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)piperidine
1-(2,4-difluorophenethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)piperidine: a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0510
baci-im
[no description available]		3.5920homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
5-formylcytosine
5-formylcytosine: structure in first source. 5-formylcytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a formyl group.		2.1710aminopyrimidine;
heteroarenecarbaldehyde;
nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		metabolite
cariprazine
cariprazine: Structure in first source. cariprazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.		4.2420
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0110
lurasidone hydrochloride
Lurasidone Hydrochloride: A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.. lurasidone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		13.7297hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
sb 742457
3-benzenesulfonyl-8-piperazin-1-ylquinoline: a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist		2.8430
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.8430nystatins
naluzotan
naluzotan: an antidepressant and anti-anxiety agent; structure in first source		2.0510
pf-2545920
[no description available]		2.0710
lisdexamfetamine dimesylate
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.		2.5220
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5920acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
ru 66647
telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;		2.0210
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.4620
tp 7
[no description available]		2.0310
empagliflozin
[no description available]		7.3110aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
technetium tc 99m exametazime
Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.		3.821
at 13387
(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)methanone: structure in first source. onalespib : A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor.		4.0420benzamides;
isoindoles;
N-alkylpiperazine;
resorcinols;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		5.2590
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
brexpiprazole
brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source		5.560N-arylpiperazine
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		2.8430
rm-493
setmelanotide: an anti-obesity agent		2.3110
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
octoclothepine, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4220
mefloquine
Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		2.0610
org 26576
Org 26576: AMPA receptor potentiator		2.0710
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
jaw
[no description available]		7.730indolecarboxamide
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
pf 03654746
[no description available]		3.1610
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		3.1650
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		4.8571peptide hormone
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		6.39143
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
ly-146032
[no description available]		3.6120heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
liraglutide
[no description available]		8.43115lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.9940
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		7.61125
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		9.350glycoside
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.49201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0710benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
dihydroceramide
dihydroceramide: lacks the 4-5 trans double bond of the sphingosine moiety of ceramides; structure in first source. N-acylsphinganine : A ceramide consisting of sphinganine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a fatty acyl group.. dihydroceramide : An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.		2.3110
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		3.4111
gsk 1004723
GSK 1004723: structure in first source		3.1610
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
lu ae58054
[no description available]		2.2110
chitosan
[no description available]		7.110
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.0840organosulfonic acid
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.4820potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
cytomel
liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.		2.0710organic sodium salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.0810organic sodium salt
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.4320
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
cx 4945
[no description available]		4.0420
ponatinib
[no description available]		4.0420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
acetylenic compound;
benzamides;
imidazopyridazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		2.0510glycoside
rg 1678
(4-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(5-methanesulfonyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy)phenyl)methanone: a GlyT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		3.4811
ro5166017
RO5166017: structure in first source		2.0810
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		24.85748124fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.0810
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.2310oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		2.7130peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
n-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide
N-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide: a 5-HT(7) receptor agonist		2.0710
incb-018424
[no description available]		4.0420nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
cobicistat
[no description available]		2.25101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.0710
glycolipids
[no description available]		2.1710
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		14.145413
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0710
e-52862
[no description available]		4.0420
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.2510
sk&f 10047
[no description available]		3.110
cort 108297
CORT 108297: a fused-ring azadecalin		2.0510
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		2.0510
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine
sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor		4.0420benzoxazole
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.2510
kavain
kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure		2.01102-pyranones;
aromatic ether
tak-063
1-(2-fluoro-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methoxy-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridazin-4(1H)-one: an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A; structure in first source		7.1710
jq1 compound
[no description available]		4.0420carboxylic ester;
organochlorine compound;
tert-butyl ester;
thienotriazolodiazepine		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
ferroptosis inducer
ML240
ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).		4.0420aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
aripiprazole lauroxil
[no description available]		3.3510aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
dodecanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		H1-receptor antagonist;
prodrug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.5220
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		3.1110
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.3960ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		2.4520carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		4.5570
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.7530
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		3.5920
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.4360
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.610monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.4720hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		4.6780benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.0810aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.09401,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		2.9540heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.0810benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		4.94110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate: structure		2.0410
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.2310
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.4520hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.2310sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.0510
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
tigecycline
[no description available]		3.6120
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.4720heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		2.1110aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
semaglutide
[no description available]		8.9911lipopeptide;
polypeptide		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent
2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone: structure in first source. 2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone : A phylloquinone that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing a phytyl group at position 2.		2.0510phylloquinones
naloxegol
naloxegol: A peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist specific for mu-opioid receptors. Used to decrease the constipating effects of opioids.. naloxegol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone in which the keto group is replaced by a PEG moiety. Used for treatment of opioid-induced constipation.		2.1510aromatic ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
phenols;
polyether;
tertiary alcohol		cathartic;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		7.0210ketal
pelabresib
CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		4.0420monochlorobenzenes;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
primary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.4320
bgp 15
BGP 15: A PARP (poy(ADP)-ribose polymerase) inhibitor; structure in first source; do not confuse with BGP-15 calcipotriene cpd		3.4411
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		3.811
ly 2140023
LY 2140023: prodrug of LY-404039		5.2843
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
PF-06446846
PF-06446846: inhibits translation of PCSK9 ;structure in first source. PF-06446846 : A triazolopyridine that is 3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine substituted by a 4-{(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl}phenyl group at position 3. It is a potent inhibitor of PCSK9.		4.0420benzamides;
monochloropyridine;
piperidines;
tertiary carboxamide;
triazolopyridine		antilipemic drug;
EC 3.4.21.61 (kexin) inhibitor
peptide yy
peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0610
angiotensin i
Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.		2.3110angiotensin;
peptide zwitterion		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter agent
n-(1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-amine
N-(1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-amine: structure in first source		6.2143
peoniflorin
peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa		2.2510
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		2.830
humulin s
Insulin, Regular, Human: Regular insulin preparations that contain the HUMAN insulin peptide sequence.. insulin (human) : An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.		3.811
dBET6
[no description available]		4.0420organic molecular entity
lysergic acid
lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.		2.9210
MZ1
[no description available]		4.0420organic molecular entity
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		7.7830
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		7.7530
AZ3451
[no description available]		4.0420benzimidazoles;
benzodioxoles;
nitrile;
organobromine compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
autophagy inducer;
PAR2 negative allosteric modulator
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		2.4820
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		4.26502-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.01103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.0510guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		5.1680folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
viomycin
[no description available]		2.0410heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		3.6130nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		10.9671cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		24.47982116benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.6880dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.2650purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.08402-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		3.5620L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.7590piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.44202-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		3.5720imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		4.5370nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.6120tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		3.8730formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		5.38131dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.0510aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		5.2231citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		14.043319(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		10.5108(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.0840
asoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.0510
clozapine n-oxide
clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source		2.0510dibenzodiazepine
desmethylolanzapine
desmethylolanzapine: structure in first source		4.01130benzodiazepine
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		2.3110
carbadox
Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)		2.0710quinoxaline derivative
ver 52296
luminespib : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.		4.0420aromatic amide;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
resorcinols		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
rvx 208
apabetalone: a bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein (BET) inhibitor; prevents interactions between BET proteins and acetyl-lysine residues on histone tails to modify epigenetic regulation		4.0420
heme arginate
heme arginate: used for treatment of porphyria; induces heme oxygenase		3.1110
olanzapine-fluoxetine combination
olanzapine-fluoxetine combination: used to treat bipolar depression		15.06113
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0710ureas
maltodextrin
maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.2510
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		2.0110
technetium tc 99m bicisate
[no description available]		4.7421
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		14.117022
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		5.5632
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		020.3717874
Anochlesia
[description not available]		05.72310
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		010.94932
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		029.862,516910
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		131.862,516910
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		011.793212
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		016.793212
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		126.94685278
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		019.5613757
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		017.241015
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		017.241015
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		08.32216
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		08.32216
Hyperprolactinaemia
[description not available]		012.965011
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		012.73911
Hyperprolactinemia
Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)		012.965011
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		012.73911
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		024.52674168
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		129.281,348336
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		07.51161
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		07.51161
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		06.4452
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		06.4452
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		06.03250
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		06.03250
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		06.06231
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		06.06231
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		019.116850
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		04.0450
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		019.116850
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		04.0450
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.5520
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.5520
Amentia
[description not available]		015.39957
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		117.39957
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		05.6482
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		010.6482
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		05.99110
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		07.34170
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		06.04120
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		05.99110
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		03.7170
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		03.7170
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		112.093510
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		015.68827
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		016.356926
Emesis
[description not available]		020.1817078
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		18.57105
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		127.64518158
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		118.356926
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		122.1817078
Psychoses
[description not available]		025.12807245
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		129.891,614490
Hypomania
[description not available]		08.89202
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		09.62312
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		05.39210
Carditis
[description not available]		04.7560
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		04.7560
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		015.4211534
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		015.4211534
Alkalosis, Respiratory
A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3110
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		02.4720
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		08.65228
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		08.65228
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		015.929514
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		08.5570
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		015.929514
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		03.5570
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		019.0118655
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration
[description not available]		02.4110
Machado-Joseph Disease
A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)		02.4110
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.3110
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		09.09166
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		09.09166
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		011.33224
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.4110
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		018.021426
Infective Endocarditis
[description not available]		02.4110
Asystole
[description not available]		02.9940
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		03.5670
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		05.86130
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		04.3570
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		02.4110
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.4110
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.4110
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		120.021426
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.		02.4110
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.9940
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		08.5670
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		05.86130
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.3570
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.4110
Glaucoma, Angle Closure
[description not available]		02.9130
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.3110
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.		02.9130
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		017.9812541
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		119.9812541
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		016.597428
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		016.597428
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		04.4141
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		012.66318
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		012.66318
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		019.1123988
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		03.3310
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		04.3640
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		04.3640
Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Persistent health symptoms which remain unexplained after a complete medical evaluation. A cluster of symptoms that consistently appear together but without a known cause are referred to as a MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYNDROME (MUS).		02.4110
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		04.7861
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		16.7861
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		07.4110
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		03.9340
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		011.64783
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		03.9340
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.86110
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		03.86110
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.4110
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		07.4110
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		012.636811
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		012.636811
Clubfeet
[description not available]		02.4110
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		010.11336
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		010.11336
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		014.08718
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		014.08718
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		017.511940
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		122.2223880
Callous-Unemotional Traits
[description not available]		06.6973
Conduct Disorder
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		06.6973
Recrudescence
[description not available]		014.468517
Hiccough
[description not available]		03.0240
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		04.9880
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		116.365817
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		16.9880
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.		06.9251
Binge-Eating Disorder
A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		04.0720
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		05.76140
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		05.76140
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		014.055011
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		014.055011
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.7110
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		010.7110
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		05.48230
Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders
Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.		06.1662
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		03.5520
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		02.4110
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.5520
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.		02.7620
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		02.9740
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		019.0419076
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		02.9740
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		04.95130
Drooling
[description not available]		05.4551
Sialorrhea
Increased salivary flow.		05.4551
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		011.55354
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		08.08205
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		08.08205
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		07.2581
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		04.8140
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		09.8140
Gambling, Pathologic
[description not available]		018.04853
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		018.54935
Gambling
An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.		120.04853
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		018.54935
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		02.610
Exanthem
[description not available]		08.0440
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		08.0440
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)		08.92950
Cortical Lewy Body Disease
[description not available]		07.24121
Lewy Body Disease
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)		07.24121
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		015.597820
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		07.01101
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		07.01101
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		015.597820
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		014.241130
Constricted Pupil
[description not available]		03.570
Miosis
Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.		03.570
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		03.96120
Congenital Fissure of the Abdominal Cavity
[description not available]		03.5240
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		03.3450
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		05.84110
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		03.3450
Gastroschisis
A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.		03.5240
Catatonia
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		04.85310
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		04.9170
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		04.9170
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		020.48199133
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		020.48199133
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		02.5220
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.610
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		02.5220
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		07.610
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		0340
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		0340
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.8330
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		07.8330
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		03.0840
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		03.0840
Prediabetes
[description not available]		08.46127
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		08.46127
Impotence
[description not available]		06.271
Galactorrhea
Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.		07.26143
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		011.271
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		011.8122
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		07.27104
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		07.27104
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.610
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		013.55654
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		011.214018
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		113.214018
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.610
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.6620
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.610
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.6620
Air Sickness
[description not available]		03.9911
Morning Sickness
Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.		03.9911
Motion Sickness
Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.		03.9911
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		013.85830
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		013.85830
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.610
Emesis, Postoperative
[description not available]		08.2565
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.		112.151210
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		03.0130
Autism
[description not available]		07.4163
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		06.6171
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		19.4163
Sleepiness
Compelling urge to sleep.		06.9642
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		012.22246
Disorder, Borderline Personality
[description not available]		015.725544
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		012.22246
Borderline Personality Disorder
A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)		117.725544
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		03.2960
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		03.2960
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
[description not available]		02.610
Pseudotumor Cerebri
A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).		02.610
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.9740
Agitated Emergence
[description not available]		02.610
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.9740
Acute Stress Disorders
[description not available]		02.7620
Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute
A class of traumatic stress disorders that is characterized by the significant dissociative states seen immediately after overwhelming trauma. By definition it cannot last longer than 1 month, if it persists, a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC) is more appropriate.		02.7620
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.19160
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		04.19160
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		010.23288
DRESS Syndrome
[description not available]		07.6620
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		09.43134
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		09.43134
Tardive Dystonia
[description not available]		02.6620
Tardive Dyskinesia
Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE).		02.6620
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		011.87334
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		011.87334
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		09.1202
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.5320
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.5320
Affective Disorders, Psychotic
Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.		010.42245
ARFID
[description not available]		03.1210
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		05.92231
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		04.5551
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		04.3940
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.7730
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.7730
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		04.3940
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		07.87310
Delusional Disorder
Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.		012.471134
Adjustment Disorder
[description not available]		02.2110
Adjustment Disorders
Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.		02.2110
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		010.15415
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		05.5251
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		05.5251
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		07.76212
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		19.76212
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder
[description not available]		09.78176
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		08.3253
Paranoia
[description not available]		09.91130
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		015.396722
Tourette Syndrome
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)		09.78176
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		110.3253
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		02.2110
Aura
[description not available]		05.34120
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		010.34120
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		03.940
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		04.2731
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		04.2731
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		07.37153
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		07.37153
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		06.77260
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		06.77260
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.6744
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		17.6744
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.6920
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		07.6920
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		015.867427
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		08.0155
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		110.0155
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.2510
Esophageal Hernia
[description not available]		02.2510
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		02.2510
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		02.2510
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.2510
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.2510
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		03.8940
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		03.8940
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		02.2110
Foreign-Body Migration
Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.		02.2110
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		02.2110
Acute Symptom Flare
[description not available]		05.9922
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.2510
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.2510
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		08.54147
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		110.54147
Allotriophagy
An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.		03.1950
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		08.65161
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		08.65161
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		011.65379
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		08.75174
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		08.75174
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5220
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		07.5220
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Disorder characterized by symptoms of CATATONIA; HYPOVENTILATION; DYSKINESIAS; ENCEPHALITIS; and SEIZURES followed by a reduced CONSCIOUSNESS. It is often followed by a viral-like prodrome. Many cases are self-limiting and respond well to IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPIES against the NMDA RECEPTORS antibodies.		04.9370
Trichotillomania
Compulsion to pull out one's hair.		08.55102
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		02.2510
Childhood Torsion Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		02.2510
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		03.6411
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		03.6411
Dysgeusia
A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.		05.0931
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.4820
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		02.4720
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.7730
Pyrexia
[description not available]		06.42151
Sore Throat
[description not available]		02.4920
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		02.4720
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.7730
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		06.42151
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		07.4920
Dizzyness
[description not available]		09.95107
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		09.95107
Delusional Parasitosis
A delusional disorder of belief in infestation by insects or other parasites. This FORMICATION is typically accompanied by dermatological manifestation such as PRURITUS that may lead to self-mutilation in order to remove the perceived parasites. It can be either primary or secondary to a somatic or psychiatric condition.		02.8630
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		02.2510
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		02.2510
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		06.8281
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		06.8281
Asymptomatic Colonization
[description not available]		02.2510
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3110
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.3110
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.2510
Binge Eating
[description not available]		05.4651
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		05.4651
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		03.1710
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		03.1710
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		010.572210
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.9640
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		02.9640
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.8230
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		03.0840
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.8230
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		03.0840
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		03.1450
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		03.1450
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		03.81110
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.3110
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		03.81110
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		02.3110
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.711
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.711
Nocturnal Wandering
[description not available]		03.3160
Heatstroke
[description not available]		02.8830
Heat Stroke
A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.		07.8830
Antisocial Behavior
Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others		02.4620
Autotomy Human
[description not available]		02.9640
As If Personality
[description not available]		09.1291
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		05.233
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		016.738319
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		016.738319
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		06.8651
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		07.3110
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		02.3110
Narcotic Bowel Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3110
Brain Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.3110
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.3110
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.3110
Branch Vein Occlusion
[description not available]		02.3110
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.3110
Retinal Vein Occlusion
Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.		07.3110
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		09.1331
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.		02.3110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.8621
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.8621
Refractory Depression
[description not available]		012.662217
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)		114.662217
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		02.3110
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		03.6530
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		04.74110
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		04.74110
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.8730
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		07.8730
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		05.0791
Cannabis Abuse
[description not available]		06.73112
Marijuana Abuse
Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.		06.73112
Hyperammonemia
Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.		07.830
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		010.52356
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		010.52356
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		02.9640
Glucose Metabolic Disorder
[description not available]		04.7160
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.		04.821
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		06.47161
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		03.0610
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		03.0610
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		06.864
Itching
[description not available]		03.1450
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		06.864
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		03.1450
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		02.1510
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		018.1711932
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.1350
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		122.9123864
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.1350
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		02.1510
Ache
[description not available]		012.06382
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		012.06382
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		03.8421
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		05.4222
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		02.1510
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		02.4820
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		02.1510
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		02.1510
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		02.1510
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		0340
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.1510
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		0340
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.4920
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		016.9813530
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		118.9813530
Bed Sores
[description not available]		02.1710
Pressure Ulcer
An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.		02.1710
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		05.79112
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		05.79112
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		010.44137
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		015.44137
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		08.4220
Amphetamine Abuse
[description not available]		07.0972
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.		07.0972
Parasitic Skin Diseases
[description not available]		03.8720
Hemisensory Neglect
[description not available]		02.7330
Perceptual Disorders
Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.		02.7330
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		04.33190
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.1710
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.1710
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.5580
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7630
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.5580
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		02.1710
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.4820
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		02.1710
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.4820
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		05.22110
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		03.0240
Adipocere
[description not available]		03.360
Cancer-Associated Pain
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer Pain
Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS.		02.1710
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.7730
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.4720
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.4720
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		02.7730
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		04.2160
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		09.2160
Lassitude
[description not available]		06.6462
Daytime Sleepiness
[description not available]		09.64135
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		06.6462
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)		09.64135
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		010.02292
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		010.02292
Acetonemia
[description not available]		02.4620
Emphysema, Subcutaneous
[description not available]		02.2110
Emphysema, Mediastinal
[description not available]		02.2110
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.8230
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.8230
Childhood Eating and Feeding Disorders
[description not available]		02.1710
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		05.46100
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		03.1550
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		03.1550
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		012.56333
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		114.56333
Body-Weight Trajectory
A general pattern of body weight gain or loss over many years. Weight change trajectory is influenced by several determinants in children and adults.		03.5911
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0650
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		04.0650
Childhood Schizophrenia
[description not available]		07.22104
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.5680
Central Nervous System Syphilis
[description not available]		02.7630
Encephalitis, Limbic
[description not available]		02.2110
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		09.1631
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.2110
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.2110
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		02.2110
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.2110
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		02.2110
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.2110
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		06.21123
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		06.21123
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		04.3541
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		04.3541
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		02.110
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.		03.4370
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.7630
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.7630
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		03.8840
Blood Clot
[description not available]		0310
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		0310
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		08.8840
Apoplexy
[description not available]		06.04190
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		06.04190
Gangliocytoma
[description not available]		02.0810
Entrapment Neuropathies
[description not available]		02.4720
Palsy
[description not available]		02.0810
Astasia-Abasia
[description not available]		02.0810
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0810
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		02.0810
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)		02.0810
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.7530
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		06.6381
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		09.76106
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		02.7530
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		02.0810
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		09.76106
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		07.0810
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		02.0810
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		09.66100
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		04.66100
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		02.0810
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		02.0810
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.0810
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		02.4420
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		05.0433
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		05.0433
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell
[description not available]		02.0810
Giant Cell Arteritis
A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)		02.0810
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		02.4520
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		02.4520
ADDH
[description not available]		08.38134
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders
[description not available]		08.19103
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		08.38134
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.		08.19103
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.4820
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.4820
Capgras Syndrome
A psychotic disorder characterized by the patient's belief that acquaintances or closely related persons have been replaced by doubles or imposters.		09.66100
Suicidal Ideation
A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.		02.9940
Hypochondriacal Neuroses
[description not available]		03.2860
Dysarthosis
[description not available]		02.5120
Anticholinergic Syndrome
Adverse drug effects associated with CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS. Clinical features include TACHYCARDIA; HYPERTHERMIA; MYDRIASIS, dry skin and dry mucous membranes, decreased bowel sounds and urinary retention in peripheral anticholinergic syndrome; and HALLUCINATIONS; PSYCHOSES; SEIZURES; and COMA in central anticholinergic syndrome.		07.0810
Polydipsia, Primary
[description not available]		02.520
Central Nervous System Cysticercosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Neurocysticercosis
Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)		02.0810
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		010.47189
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		010.47189
Water Intoxication
A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.		04.6661
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		08.76156
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		08.76156
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		03.0110
Granulomatosis, Wegener's
[description not available]		03.0110
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.		03.0110
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		02.110
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		06.5190
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.110
Nodular Goiter
[description not available]		02.110
Goiter, Nodular
An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.		02.110
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.110
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.110
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		03.1450
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		08.1450
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		011.46208
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		011.46208
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		03.0110
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		03.0110
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		03.0110
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		03.0110
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		02.4920
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		02.4920
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.110
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		03.8940
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		03.8940
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		02.110
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.9640
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		03.8740
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.9640
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		03.8740
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		02.1110
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		02.1110
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		03.511
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		03.511
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.4920
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.4920
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.8220
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.8220
Consciousness, Loss of
[description not available]		02.9940
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		06.3551
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.5220
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		02.5220
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		02.5220
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		02.5220
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		02.1110
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.1110
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		02.1110
Bilateral Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia
[description not available]		02.1110
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		03.9120
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		03.9120
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		02.1110
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		02.1110
Teratogenesis
The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.		02.1110
Mumps
An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)		02.1110
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.7630
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.7630
Vision, Diminished
[description not available]		02.1110
Facies
The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		02.1110
Aganglionic Megacolon
[description not available]		02.1110
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		02.1110
Hirschsprung Disease
Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.		02.1110
Adenoma Sebaceum
Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis		02.1310
Tuberous Sclerosis
Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.		02.1310
Adjustment Sleep Disorder
[description not available]		03.0410
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.4720
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.4720
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		05.7271
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		05.7271
Colitis, Ischemic
Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.		02.830
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
[description not available]		02.1310
Spinal Curvatures
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).		02.1310
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.1310
Focal Clonic Seizures
[description not available]		02.1310
Epilepsy, Partial, Motor
A disorder characterized by recurrent localized paroxysmal discharges of cerebral neurons that give rise to seizures that have motor manifestations. The majority of partial motor seizures originate in the FRONTAL LOBE (see also EPILEPSY, FRONTAL LOBE). Motor seizures may manifest as tonic or clonic movements involving the face, one limb or one side of the body. A variety of more complex patterns of movement, including abnormal posturing of extremities, may also occur.		02.1310
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.1310
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.1310
Central Nervous System Cysts
Congenital or acquired cysts of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges which may remain stable in size or undergo progressive enlargement.		02.1310
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		03.3520
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		03.3520
Folie a Deux
[description not available]		0340
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		04.821
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		04.821
Bites
[description not available]		02.1310
Microglossia
[description not available]		02.4520
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		02.1310
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.0310
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		08.0310
Prurigo
A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		07.4720
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.1510
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		02.1510
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		02.1310
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		02.4620
Myxedema
A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.		02.1310
Blepharospasm
Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.		02.9540
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		04.7521
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		04.0750
Coma, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic
[description not available]		02.9640
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		03.0410
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		03.0410
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		02.1510
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion
A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.		02.1510
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		03.940
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.1510
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.4920
Encephalitis Infection
[description not available]		02.1510
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		02.1510
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		07.4920
Asperger Disease
[description not available]		05.8342
Asperger Syndrome
A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5)		05.8342
Late Onset Diseases
[description not available]		03.5311
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		08.34153
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		08.34153
Leanness
[description not available]		07.6654
Excessive Periodic Sleep-Related Leg Movements
[description not available]		02.4320
Burning Mouth Syndrome
A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.		07.0410
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9540
Hyperkyphosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		02.4420
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.4420
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.4520
Acoustic Perceptual Disorder
[description not available]		02.0410
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		02.9540
Action Tremor
[description not available]		06.58102
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		06.58102
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		03.3520
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		03.3520
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		04.1131
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		04.1131
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.9610
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome
This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.		02.9610
Turner Syndrome
A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.		02.9610
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia
[description not available]		06.59111
Dementia, Vascular
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)		06.59111
Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.9610
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		03.8420
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		02.9610
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.9610
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		03.8420
De Morsier Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		02.4420
Stammering
[description not available]		05.1160
Stuttering
A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		05.1160
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		02.7130
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		02.7130
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		04.3270
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		04.3270
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		02.0510
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4420
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.4420
Bernhardt-Roth Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.4520
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.4420
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.4420
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.4520
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.4220
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		02.4220
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		02.0510
Angiitis, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.0510
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		05.4351
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		02.0510
Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dyskinesia
[description not available]		02.7230
Psychophysiologic Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)		03.3420
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.4320
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		05.0331
Acetyl-CoA:alpha-Glucosaminide N-Acetyltransferase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0510
Mucopolysaccharidosis III
Mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by heparitin sulfate in the urine, progressive mental retardation, mild dwarfism, and other skeletal disorders. There are four clinically indistinguishable but biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.		02.0510
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.0510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		04.65100
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.4411
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.7530
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.7530
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		02.0510
Adult-Onset Dystonias
[description not available]		02.9340
Dystonic Disorders
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.		02.9340
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		07.0510
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.0510
Blast Injuries
Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Cerebral Concussion
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Concussion
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)		02.0510
Neurally Mediated Faint
[description not available]		02.0510
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0610
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.0610
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		07.0510
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.0510
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.0510
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		02.4520
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		02.4520
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles
[description not available]		02.0510
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		02.4320
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		02.4320
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.9710
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary
[description not available]		02.0510
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.0510
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.0510
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.0510
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.0710
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.0710
Combat Disorders
Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.		04.3241
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus
[description not available]		02.4420
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)		02.4420
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		02.0510
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0610
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.0610
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.0510
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Carcinoma, Large Cell
A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).		02.0610
Encephalitis, Viral
Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.		02.0510
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		02.4520
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		02.4520
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		07.8164
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		07.8164
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		02.4520
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.		02.4520
Dysthymia
[description not available]		010.6421
Dysthymic Disorder
Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)		05.6421
Acne
[description not available]		02.4320
Personality Disorder, Schizoid
[description not available]		02.4320
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		02.0510
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		02.4320
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		02.0510
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.4420
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		07.4420
Briquet Syndrome
[description not available]		05.0752
Somatoform Disorders
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)		05.0752
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		02.7130
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.7430
Atrioventricular Conduction Block
[description not available]		02.0610
Atrioventricular Block
Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.		02.0610
Ambulation Difficulty
[description not available]		02.0610
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		07.9440
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0610
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.0610
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		010.8383
Catatonic Schizophrenia
[description not available]		010.4351
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		04.130
Chylopericardium
[description not available]		02.9810
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.		02.9810
Bedwetting
[description not available]		02.7530
Nocturnal Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control.		07.7530
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		04.7971
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		09.7971
Frigidity
[description not available]		06.03101
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)		06.03101
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		07.4420
Lethargy
A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.		02.0810
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		02.0810
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.4420
Cold Fingers, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.0610
Raynaud Disease
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.		02.0610
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		02.0610
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		02.0610
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		02.0610
Anton Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0610
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.0610
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.0710
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.0710
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.0710
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.0710
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		02.0710
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.0710
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		02.0710
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.7230
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		07.0710
Neoplasms, Sweat Gland
[description not available]		02.0710
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0710
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		07.0710
Atrial Septal Defect
[description not available]		02.0710
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		06.8155
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		02.0610
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		02.0610
Chest Injuries
[description not available]		02.0710
Wounds, Stab
Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.		02.0710
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		02.0710
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		02.9910
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		02.0710
Asialia
[description not available]		05.6854
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		02.0710
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		05.6854
Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		03.4711
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.0810
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.0810
Habit Chorea
[description not available]		05.5961
Tics
Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)		05.5961
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.730
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		04.0931
Cephalgia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0110
Pain, Intractable
Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.		02.4220
Headache Disorders
Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.0110
Acquired Communication Disorders
[description not available]		02.0110
Communication Disorders
Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., MENTAL RETARDATION), psychiatric conditions, and HEARING DISORDERS.		02.0110
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		02.4220
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		07.4220
Hair Diseases
Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.		02.0110
Claustrophobia
[description not available]		03.3911
Phobic Disorders
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.		03.3911
Benign Essential Tremor
[description not available]		03.8121
Essential Tremor
A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)		03.8121
Panic Attacks
[description not available]		05.4682
Panic Disorder
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.		05.4682
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.0110
Aprosodia
[description not available]		04.0831
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		02.0110
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.0110
Bowel Incontinence
[description not available]		02.4220
Fecal Incontinence
Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.		07.4220
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		02.9310
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		02.9310
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		02.9310
Cervical Dystonia
A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.		07.0110
Torticollis
A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.		02.0110
Glycine Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.0110
Hyperidrosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		07.0110
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.		02.0110
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.0110
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.0110
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.730
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.9440
Catatonic Rigidity
[description not available]		06.1994
Muscle Rigidity
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)		011.1994
Dermatoses
[description not available]		07.7130
Xanthoma
[description not available]		07.0110
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.7130
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		02.4320
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		03.3420
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		03.3420
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		02.0110
Brain Injury, Chronic
Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA.		02.0110
Hallervorden-Spatz Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration
A rare autosomal recessive degenerative disorder which usually presents in late childhood or adolescence. Clinical manifestations include progressive MUSCLE SPASTICITY; hyperreflexia; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; DYSTONIA; DYSARTHRIA; and intellectual deterioration which progresses to severe dementia over several years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p972; Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp972-929)		02.0110
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.0110
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		02.0110
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.9310
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.9310
Devic Disease
[description not available]		02.9310
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.9310
Adrenoleukodystrophy
An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).		02.9310
Neuromyelitis Optica
A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.		02.9310
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
[description not available]		02.9310
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		02.9310
Intracranial Hypertension
Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.		02.9310
Acute Porphyria
[description not available]		02.9310
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.		02.9310
Malassezia furfur Infection
[description not available]		02.0110
Tinea Versicolor
A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare).		02.0110
Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.		07.0210
Childhood Tic Disorders
[description not available]		010.77180
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.7130
Child Behavior Disorders
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.		02.4120
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		02.0210
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		02.0210
Glossalgia
Painful sensations in the tongue, including a sensation of burning.		02.0210
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.0210
Vulvar Diseases
Pathological processes of the VULVA.		02.0210
Ptosis, Eyelid
[description not available]		02.0210
Blepharoptosis
Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.		02.0210
Diabetic Coma
A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.		02.0210
Incipient Schizophrenia
[description not available]		05.2262
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.		010.2262
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.9310
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		02.9310
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.9310
Agoraphobia
Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.		04.3241
Diathesis
[description not available]		03.3320
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		02.0210
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		07.0210
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		02.0210
Autonomic Dysfunction, Paraneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0210
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		02.0210
Athetoid Movements
[description not available]		02.0210
Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.		02.0210
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		04.6761
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		09.6761
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.9410
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.9410
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		02.4420
Complex Partial Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.7130
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)		02.7130
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		02.4420
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		02.0210
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		02.0210
Anterior Fascicular Block
[description not available]		02.0310
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Rett Syndrome
An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)		02.0210
Day Blindness
[description not available]		03.8221
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.0210
Nicotine Addiction
[description not available]		02.0310
Tobacco Use Disorder
Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.		02.0310
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.0210
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		02.0210
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		02.0310
Anticipatory Vomiting
[description not available]		02.0310
Acquired Meningocele
[description not available]		02.0310
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.0310
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.0310
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
[description not available]		02.9440
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.4220
Dissociation
[description not available]		02.4420
Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip
[description not available]		02.0310
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.0310
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		02.0310
Eye Abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.		02.0310
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		02.0310
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		02.0310
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		07.0310
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		02.0310
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.0310
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.4420
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.4220
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.4420
Tongue, Hairy
A benign condition of the tongue characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The color of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Autokinetic Effect
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		03.4211
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		03.4111
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		03.4111
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.4220
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		02.0310
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal
[description not available]		02.0310
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		02.0310
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.0310
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.0310
Abstinence Syndrome, Neonatal
[description not available]		02.0310
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances.		02.0310
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.4420
Craniofacial Pain Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0310
Daytime Urinary Incontinence
[description not available]		02.0310
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		02.0410
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		02.0410
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal
[description not available]		02.0310
Absence of Brain, Congenital
[description not available]		02.9510
Cleft Spine
[description not available]		02.9510
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.0310
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.0310
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.0410
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.0410
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		03.3420
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		03.3420
Akinetic Autism
[description not available]		02.0410
Onycholysis
Separation of nail plate from the underlying nail bed. It can be a sign of skin disease, infection (such as ONYCHOMYCOSIS) or tissue injury.		07.0410
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.0410
Licheniform Eruptions
[description not available]		02.9610
Achalasia
[description not available]		02.0410
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.0410
Esophageal Achalasia
A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).		02.0410
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.0410
Electric Injuries
Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.		02.0410
Congenital Hand Deformities
[description not available]		02.0410
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		02.0410
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A dissociative disorder in which the individual adopts two or more distinct personalities. Each personality is a fully integrated and complex unit with memories, behavior patterns and social friendships. Transition from one personality to another is sudden.		02.0410
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		02.9110
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		14.9110
Cognitive Manifestations
[description not available]		02.9110
Neurobehavioral Manifestations
Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information.		02.9110
Labhart-Willi Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Prader-Willi Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)		06.9910
Developmental Coordination Disorder
[description not available]		01.9910
Body Rocking
[description not available]		04.341
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		01.9910
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		01.9910
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		0210
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		0210
Salivary Gland Diseases
Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.		0210
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.420
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.420
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		0210
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		0210
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		0210
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		0210
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		0210
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		0210
Convergent Strabismus
[description not available]		0210
Esotropia
A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a cross-eye appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.		0710
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		0210
Bleeding
[description not available]		0210
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		0210
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		0210
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		0210
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		03.3911
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		0210
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
[description not available]		0210
Acrania
[description not available]		0210
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		0210
Eulenburg Disease
[description not available]		0210
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		0210
Myotonic Disorders
Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.		0210
Atypical Cluster Headache
[description not available]		04.7121
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
[description not available]		03.3911
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses
A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.		03.3911
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		03.3911
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		03.3911
48,XXYY Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0110
Klinefelter Syndrome
A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).		07.0110
Bewilderment
[description not available]		02.0110
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0110
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)		02.0110
Apraxia
[description not available]		02.0110
Apraxias
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)		02.0110
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		02.0110
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		03.3911