thalidomide

Research Excerpts

Overview

Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug and first choice in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. The effects on the gut microbiota still remain unclear. Thalidmide surveillance is a public health challenge.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug and first choice in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. "	( Etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant in a patient using thalidomide for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum: a case report. Bahamondes, L; Baracat, EC; de Almeida, PG; Duarte, DC; Ferreira-Filho, ES; Guimarães, ALM; Soares-Júnior, JM; Sorpreso, ICE, 2022)	2.4
"Thalidomide surveillance is a public health challenge."	( Thalidomide control and use: are these appropriate to extend the use and mitigate the risk of teratogenicity in Brazil? Campos, FT; Costa, JP; Pádua, CAM; Santos, RMMD, 2021)	2.79
"Thalidomide is a medication that has been in existence for over half a century, and has proven to be useful and effective in severe dermatological conditions. "	( The role of thalidomide in dermatology. Hussain, K; Patel, P; Roberts, N, 2022)	2.54
"Thalidomide is suggested to be a concomitant therapy with IFX for intestinal BS patients."	( Predictors of infliximab refractory intestinal Behçet's syndrome: A retrospective cohort study from the Shanghai Behçet's syndrome database. Bao, HF; Cai, JF; Guan, JL; Hou, CC; Luo, D; Shen, Y; Ye, B; Zou, J, 2023)	1.63
"Thalidomide is a drug responsible to a spectrum of congenital anomalies known as Thalidomide Embryopathy (TE), which includes mainly limb and heart defects."	( Genetic evaluation of HAND2 gene and its effects on thalidomide embryopathy. Bremm, JM; do Amaral Gomes, J; Fraga, LR; Kowalski, TW; Rengel, BD; Schüler-Faccini, L; Vianna, FSL, 2022)	1.69
"Thalidomide is an important immunomodulatory and antitumor drug and its effects on the gut microbiota still remain unclear."	( A metagenome-wide association study of the gut microbiota in recurrent aphthous ulcer and regulation by thalidomide. Duan, N; Hu, Q; Huang, F; Huang, J; Jiang, H; Lin, L; Liu, Q; Qian, Y; Ruan, H; Song, Y; Wang, W; Wang, X; Xiong, K; Yan, F; Ye, P; Zhao, M; Zheng, L; Zhu, Y, 2022)	1.66
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drug currently used to treat this condition."	( Evaluation of the influence of genetic variants in Cereblon gene on the response to the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomide. Caldoncelli, DIO; Camargo, LMA; Costa, PDSS; Feira, MF; Fraga, LR; Kowalski, TW; Maciel-Fiuza, MF; Schuler-Faccini, L; Silveira, MIDS; Vianna, FSL, 2022)	1.65
"The "Thalidomide tragedy" is a landmark in the history of the pharmaceutical industry. "	( Thalidomide interaction with inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Alampady, V; Baby, K; Byregowda, BH; Dsouza, NN; Maity, S; Nayak, Y, 2023)	2.87
"Thalidomide, which is an angiogenesis inhibitor and immunomodulator that reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha, has regained value in the treatment of multiple myeloma. "	( Thalidomide-induced bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with multiple myeloma. Beji, S; Cherif, J; El Ati, Z; Fatma, LB; Hamida, FB; Jbali, H; Khedher, R; Krid, M; Lamia, R; Mami, I; Smaoui, W; Zouaghi, MK, )	3.02
"Thalidomide is an effective systemic agent in the management of ulcerative oromucosal conditions. "	( Thalidomide use in the management of oromucosal disease: A 10-year review of safety and efficacy in 12 patients. Harte, MC; Hodgson, TA; Saunsbury, TA, 2020)	3.44
"Thalidomide is an anti- tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) drug used mainly in the management of moderate to severe form of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL). "	( Rationale use of Thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum - A non-systematic critical analysis of published case reports. Babu, S; Gurunthalingam, M; T, T; Thangaraju, P; Venkatesan, S, 2020)	2.34
"Thalidomide is a medication with strong anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and sedative properties."	( Thalidomide as a potential adjuvant treatment for paraneoplastic pemphigus: A single-center experience. Pan, M; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Thalidomide has proven to be a steroid-sparing agent and is useful in controlling the reactions."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in an outpatient setting: A five-year retrospective analysis from a leprosy referral centre in India. Pallapati, MS; Srikantam, A; Tarwater, P; Upputuri, B, 2020)	2.72
"Thalidomide is an effective drug in inflammatory bowel disease, which might be related to its multiple role in anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and anti-angiogenesis."	( Thalidomide Inhibits Angiogenesis via Downregulation of VEGF and Angiopoietin-2 in Crohn's Disease. Huang, Y; Shi, J; Wang, L; Wang, S; Xue, A; Zheng, C, 2021)	2.79
"Thalidomide is a second-line treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). "	( Clinical-therapeutic study on the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the management of discoid lupus erythematosus. A single-centre, retrospective study. Aguilar-Mena, C; Bonifaz, A; Hernández-Salgado, Y; Rodriguez-Mendoza, A; Tirado-Sánchez, A, 2021)	2.31
"Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory agent that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders."	( Thalidomide reduces glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Amirshahrokhi, K, 2021)	2.79
"Thalidomide is a drug that presents two enantiomers with markedly different pharmacological and toxicological activities. "	( The structure of isolated thalidomide as reference for its chirality-dependent biological activity: a laser-ablation rotational study. Blanco, S; López, JC; Macario, A, 2021)	2.36
"Thalidomide is an old well-known drug firstly used as morning sickness relief in pregnant women and then withdrawn from the market due to its severe side effects on fetal normal development. "	( Recent Advances in the Development of Thalidomide-Related Compounds as Anticancer Drugs. Barbarossa, A; Carocci, A; Franchini, C; Iacopetta, D; Sinicropi, MS, 2022)	2.44
"Thalidomide is a teratogen that affects many organs but primarily induces limb truncations like phocomelia. "	( The Molecular Mechanisms of Thalidomide Teratogenicity and Implications for Modern Medicine. Jungck, D; Knobloch, J; Koch, A, 2017)	2.19
"Thalidomide is a drug with interesting therapeutic properties but also with severe side effects which require a careful and monitored use. "	( A Mini-Review on Thalidomide: Chemistry, Mechanisms of Action, Therapeutic Potential and Anti-Angiogenic Properties in Multiple Myeloma. Adriani, G; Carocci, A; Catalano, A; Cavalluzzi, MM; Corbo, F; Franchini, C; Lentini, G; Mercurio, A; Rao, L; Vacca, A, 2017)	2.24
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic compound that may offer a potential option for management of refractory LVAD-related GIB."	( Novel use of low-dose thalidomide in refractory gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist device patients. Chan, LL; Kerk, KL; Lim, CP; Seng, BJJ; Sim, DKL; Sivathasan, C; Soon, JL; Tan, TE; Teo, LLY, 2017)	1.49
"Thalidomide appears to be a safe and effective option for management of refractory LVAD-related GIB. "	( Novel use of low-dose thalidomide in refractory gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist device patients. Chan, LL; Kerk, KL; Lim, CP; Seng, BJJ; Sim, DKL; Sivathasan, C; Soon, JL; Tan, TE; Teo, LLY, 2017)	2.21
"Thalidomide is an effective therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease refractory to standard treatments, but thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy (TiPN) limits its long-term use. "	( Risk Factors and Outcomes of Thalidomide-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in a Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort. Arrigo, S; Barp, J; Bramuzzo, M; Calvi, A; Carrozzi, M; Chicco, A; Costa, S; Decorti, G; Di Chio, T; Fontana, M; Ghione, S; Lanteri, P; Lazzerini, M; Lionetti, P; Lucafò, M; Magazzù, G; Maggiore, G; Martelossi, S; Montico, M; Pellegrin, MC; Pellegrino, S; Stocco, G; Udina, C; Ventura, A; Zuin, G, 2017)	2.19
"Thalidomide is a drug used worldwide for several indications, but the molecular mechanisms of its teratogenic property are not fully understood. "	( Genetic susceptibility to thalidomide embryopathy in humans: Study of candidate development genes. Fraga, LR; Gomes, JDA; Kowalski, TW; Sanseverino, MTV; Schuler-Faccini, L; Tovo-Rodrigues, L; Vianna, FSL, 2018)	2.22
"Thalidomide is an effective and safe drug for remission of CD in pediatric patients who have been treated for tuberculosis."	( Efficacy of thalidomide therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease with evidence of tuberculosis. Hong, Y; Huang, Y; Leung, YK; Wang, L; Wu, J, 2017)	2.28
"Thalidomide is a glutamic acid derivative, recently has been reconsidered for its clinical use due to elucidation of different clinical effects."	( Thalidomide attenuates development of morphine dependence in mice by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and nitric oxide signaling pathways. Dehpour, AR; Ejtemaei-Mehr, S; Jahanabadi, S; Khan, MI; Momeny, M; Ostadhadi, S; Sameem, B; Zarrinrad, G, 2018)	2.64
"Thalidomide is an antipruritic and anti-inflammatory agent that has shown to be very effective in treating a variety of dermatologic conditions."	( Thalidomide for the treatment of chronic refractory prurigo nodularis. Aguh, C; He, A; Kwatra, SG; Okoye, GA, 2018)	2.64
"Thalidomide is a teratogenic drug which is known to inhibit angiogenesis and effectively inhibit cancer metastasis, yet the specific cellular targets for its effect are not well known."	( CUL5 is required for thalidomide-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation. Burnatowska-Hledin, MA; Dean, S; DeBruine, ZJ; Grossens, D; Hledin, MP; Kunkler, B; Madden, J; Marquez, GA; Ploch, C; Salamango, D; Schnell, A; Short, M, 2018)	1.52
"Thalidomide is a drug that has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis and reduce VEGF production by downregulating VEGF expression."	( Intraperitoneal injection of thalidomide alleviates early osteoarthritis development by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in mice. Cai, DZ; Fang, H; Li, L; Song, JL, 2018)	1.49
"Thalidomide, which is a specific VEGF inhibitor, significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and vascular restenosis after balloon injury to the carotid artery in rats, thus potentially providing a novel method for the prevention and treatment of restenosis, especially in-stent restenosis."	( Local delivery of thalidomide to inhibit neointima formation in rat model with artery injury. Bai, F; Chang, P; Hu, H; Sun, S; Wang, Q; Wu, Q; Xu, G; Zhang, Q, 2018)	2.26
"Thalidomide is a known sensory neurotoxin in adults."	( Thalidomide and neurotrophism. Bonar, SF; McCredie, J; O'Sullivan, DJ; Soper, JR; Willert, HG, 2019)	2.68
"Thalidomide is a widely prescribed immunomodulatory drug (iMiD) for multiple myeloma, but causes reversible memory loss in humans. "	( BK channel blocker paxilline attenuates thalidomide-caused synaptic and cognitive dysfunctions in mice. Choi, SY; Choi, TY; Jo, Y; Kim, SJ; Lee, SH; Park, CS, 2018)	2.19
"Thalidomide is an infamous teratogen and it is continuously being explored for its anticancer properties. "	( Thalidomide and Its Analogs Differentially Target Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Thalidomide Suppresses FGFR Gene Expression while Pomalidomide Dampens FGFR2 Activity. Anishetty, S; Balaguru, UM; Chatterjee, S; Kasiviswanathan, D; Kumar, P; Manivannan, J; Sundaresan, L; Veeriah, V, 2019)	3.4
"Thalidomide is a widely used anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory drug with anticancer effects."	( Synergistic effects of gefitinib and thalidomide treatment on EGFR-TKI-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC. Guo, Z; Huang, C; Huang, H; Jiang, L; Liao, Y; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Wang, X; Xia, X; Zhang, F, 2019)	1.51
"Thalidomide is a synthetic derivative acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties."	( Thalidomide ameliorates rosacea-like skin inflammation and suppresses NF-κB activation in keratinocytes. Chen, M; Chen, Z; Deng, Z; Li, J; Liu, T; Peng, Q; Sha, K; Wang, B; Xiao, W; Xie, H; Xu, S; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.68
"Thalidomide is a sedative/hypnotic agent that is currently used to treat patients suffering from multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes and erythema nodosum leprosum. "	( Involvement of the nitric oxide pathway in the anti-depressant-like effects of thalidomide in mice. Dehpour, AR; Gharedaghi, A; Norouzi-Javidan, A; Rostamian, A, 2019)	2.18
"Thalidomide is a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor which has been found to have abilities against tumor growth, angiogenesis and inflammation. "	( Long-term treatment of thalidomide ameliorates amyloid-like pathology through inhibition of β-secretase in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cheng, X; He, P; Li, R; Shen, Y; Staufenbiel, M, 2013)	2.14
"Thalidomide is a drug that is well known for its teratogenic properties in humans. "	( Organizer formation in Hydra is disrupted by thalidomide treatment. Bode, HR; Brooun, M; Manoukian, A; McNeill, H; Shimizu, H, 2013)	2.09
"Thalidomide is a synthetic glutamic acid derivative first introduced in 1956 in Germany as an over the counter medications. "	( [Current therapeutic indications of thalidomide and lenalidomide]. Cosiglio, FJ; Ordi-Ros, J, 2014)	2.12
"Thalidomide (THD) is an immunomodulatory agent used to treat immune-mediated diseases. "	( Thalidomide corrects impaired mesenchymal stem cell function in inducing tolerogenic DCs in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Guo, CS; He, WD; Hou, M; Hou, XY; Hou, Y; Li, H; Liu, XG; Ma, J; Min, YN; Ning, YN; Peng, J; Qin, P; Shao, LL; Shi, Y; Wang, N; Xu, M; Yu, YY; Zhou, H, 2013)	3.28
"Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drug with antitumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activity. "	( Mucosal healing with thalidomide in refractory Crohn's disease patients intolerant of anti-TNF-α drugs: report of 3 cases and literature review. Cantoro, L; Cosintino, R; Kohn, A; Marrollo, M; Scribano, ML, 2014)	2.16
"Thalidomide is an old glutamic acid derivative which was initially used as a sedative medication but withdrawn from the market due to the high incidence of teratogenicity. "	( Nitric oxide mediates the anticonvulsant effects of thalidomide on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice. Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, M; Amanlou, M; Aminizade, M; Bahremand, A; Berijani, S; Dehpour, AR; Dianati, V; Gholizadeh, R; Gooshe, M; Payandemehr, B; Rahimian, R; Sarreshte-Dari, A, 2014)	2.1
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases."	( Thalidomide ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting renal inflammation in an experimental model. Amirshahrokhi, K; Khalili, AR, 2015)	2.58
"Thalidomide is a sedative with unique pharmacological properties; studies on epilepsy and brain ischemia have shown intense neuroprotective effects. "	( Neuroprotective effect of thalidomide on MPTP-induced toxicity. Escamilla-Ramírez, A; Garcia, E; Osorio-Rico, L; Palencia, G; Sotelo, J; Trejo-Solís, C, 2015)	2.16
"Thalidomide is a TNF-alpha inhibitor and has been administrated for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL, Type II leprosy reaction) which is one of leprosy reactions and can cause serious illness to patients oflepromatous pole among the immune spectrum. "	( [Effectiveness of thalidomide for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL): retrospective study of 20 Japanese cases in National Sanatrium Oku-Komyoen]. Aoki, Y; Hatano, K; Ishida, Y; Kumano, K; Matsuki, T; Okano, Y, 2014)	2.18
"Thalidomide is a species-specific developmental toxicant that causes severe limb malformations in humans but not in mice."	( Thalidomide induced early gene expression perturbations indicative of human embryopathy in mouse embryonic stem cells. Gao, X; Sprando, RL; Yourick, JJ, 2015)	2.58
"Thalidomide is a known teratogen and it is estimated that more than ten thousand babies were affected by thalidomide embryopathy (TE), which is characterized mainly by limb defects, but can involve many organs and systems. "	( Thalidomide embryopathy: Follow-up of cases born between 1959 and 2010. Kowalski, TW; Sanseverino, MT; Schuler-Faccini, L; Vianna, FS, 2015)	3.3
"Thalidomide seems to be a promising agent that might bring about beneficial changes to the disarrangements of peripheral, hepatic, splanchnic and collateral systems in cirrhosis."	( Thalidomide Improves the Intestinal Mucosal Injury and Suppresses Mesenteric Angiogenesis and Vasodilatation by Down-Regulating Inflammasomes-Related Cascades in Cirrhotic Rats. Alan, L; Hsieh, SL; Hsieh, YC; Huang, CC; Lee, KC; Lee, SD; Li, TH; Lin, HC; Tsai, CY; Yang, YY, 2016)	2.6
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic drug that has shown promise in patients with myeloma. "	( Thalidomide-based Regimens for Elderly and/or Transplant Ineligible Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-analysis. Ding, ZX; Li, BY; Lyu, WW; Song, DH; Wei, CM; Zhang, JJ; Zhao, QC, 2016)	3.32
"Thalidomide is a teratogen in humans but not in rodents. "	( Thalidomide-induced limb abnormalities in a humanized CYP3A mouse model. Abe, S; Akita, M; Kamataki, T; Kazuki, K; Kazuki, Y; Kobayashi, K; Ohta, R; Osaki, M; Oshimura, M; Satoh, D; Takehara, S; Yamazaki, H, 2016)	3.32
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug used in the experimental treatment of refractory Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. "	( Thalidomide for inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review. Bramuzzo, M; Lazzerini, M; Martelossi, S; Ventura, A, 2016)	3.32
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment option in cases of recalcitrant PN; however, its most frequent adverse effect is neurotoxicity, which often results in its discontinuation."	( Treatment of prurigo nodularis with lenalidomide. Arjona-Aguilera, C; Jiménez-Gallo, D; Linares-Barrios, M; Ossorio-García, L; Rodríguez-Mateos, ME, 2017)	1.18
"Thalidomide is an old glutamic acid derivative which recently reemerged because of its potential to counteract a number of disorders including neurodegenerative disorders."	( Thalidomide attenuates the development and expression of antinociceptive tolerance to μ-opioid agonist morphine through l-arginine-iNOS and nitric oxide pathway. Dehpour, AR; Ejtemaei-Mehr, S; Hassanipour, M; Khan, MI; Moghaddaskho, F; Momeny, M; Mumtaz, F; Ostadhadi, S, 2017)	2.62
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) with proven therapeutic action in several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases; however, its inherent high toxicity has led to the development of more powerful and safer thalidomide analogs, including lenalidomide and pomalidomide. "	( Therapeutic effect of the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide, but not pomalidomide, in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Criado, G; Delgado, M; Diaz de la Guardia, R; García-Herrero, CM; Gonzalez-Rey, E; Lavoie, JR; Lopez-Millan, B; Menendez, P; O'Valle, F; Roca-Ho, H; Rosu-Myles, M, 2017)	1.9
"Thalidomide is a drug with pleiotropic effects."	( Two cases of bacterial meningitis accompanied by thalidomide therapy in patients with multiple myeloma: is thalidomide associated with bacterial meningitis? Altintas, A; Ayyildiz, O; Bayan, K; Cil, T; Danis, R; Pasa, S; Tuzun, Y; Urakci, Z; Ustun, C, 2009)	1.33
"Thalidomide is considered to be a potent antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory drug for cancer therapy. "	( The G-rich promoter and G-rich coding sequence of basic fibroblast growth factor are the targets of thalidomide in glioma. Mei, SC; Wu, RT, 2008)	2
"Thalidomide is an effective agent for advanced refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM), although dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) may limit its use. "	( Combined bendamustine, prednisolone and thalidomide for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma after autologous stem-cell transplantation or conventional chemotherapy: results of a Phase I clinical trial. Boldt, T; Goldschmidt, H; Haas, A; Hoffmann, FA; Kreibich, U; Niederwieser, D; Pönisch, W; Ritter, U; Rohrberg, R; Rozanski, M; Schirmer, V; Schwalbe, E; Schwarzer, A; Uhlig, J; Zehrfeld, T, 2008)	2.06
"Thalidomide is an important advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma. "	( [Comparison of dissolution profile and plasma concentration-time profile of the thalidomide formulations made by Japanese, Mexican and British companies]. Aomori, T; Fujita, Y; Horiuchi, R; Murakami, H; Yamamoto, K, 2008)	2.02
"Thalidomide is a potent teratogen that induces a range of birth defects, most commonly of the developing limbs. "	( Thalidomide induces limb defects by preventing angiogenic outgrowth during early limb formation. Erskine, L; Figg, WD; Gardner, ER; Therapontos, C; Vargesson, N, 2009)	3.24
"Thalidomide is a very potent teratogen capable of causing severe systemic malformations if the fetus is exposed during the sensitive period. "	( Thalidomide and misoprostol: Ophthalmologic manifestations and associations both expected and unexpected. Miller, MT; Strömland, K; Ventura, L, 2009)	3.24
"Thalidomide is an effective drug for chronic inflammatory diseases, but the mechanism underlying its immunomodulatory action remains uncertain. "	( Thalidomide prevents formation of multinucleated giant cells (Langhans-type cells) from cultured monocytes: possible pharmaceutical applications for granulomatous disorders. Kondo, Y; Manki, A; Morishima, T; Nagaoka, Y; Tsuge, M; Wada, T; Yashiro, M; Yasui, K, )	3.02
"Thalidomide is an efficient anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic drug, but its therapeutic use is problematic due to a strong teratogenic activity. "	( Thalidomide inhibits activation of caspase-1. Beer, HD; Keller, M; Sollberger, G, 2009)	3.24
"Thalidomide seems to be a good choice for patients with low-risk MM and for those who achieved less than very good partial remission after induction treatment."	( Evolving role of novel agents for maintenance therapy in myeloma. Magarotto, V; Palumbo, A, )	0.85
"Thalidomide is an active anticancer agent and also shows wide pharmacological variation."	( A pharmacogenetic study of docetaxel and thalidomide in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer using the DMET genotyping platform. Cormier, T; Dahut, WL; Deeken, JF; Figg, WD; Liewehr, DJ; Miao, X; Price, DK; Sissung, TM; Steinberg, SM; Tran, K, 2010)	1.35
"Thalidomide based regimen is an effective and well tolerated therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, however, there were a small number of studies written about the results of thalidomide therapy in non-transplant MM patients. "	( Treatment outcome of thalidomide based regimens in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory non-transplant multiple myeloma patients: a single center experience from Thailand. Atichartakarn, V; Aungchaisuksiri, P; Chuncharunee, S; Jootar, S; Niparuck, P; Puavilai, T; Sorakhunpipitkul, L; Ungkanont, A, 2010)	2.12
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for recurrent aphthosis but its effectiveness at low dose has been rarely assessed."	( [Recurrent aphthosis: safety of low dose thalidomide]. Dupond, JL; Gil, H; Hafsaoui, C; Limat, S; Magy-Bertrand, N; Meaux-Ruault, N; Perrin, S, 2010)	2.07
"Thalidomide is an effective second-line therapy for SRAS, but is suppressive rather than curative, and adverse events limit its use."	( Use of thalidomide for severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a multicenter cohort analysis. Barbarot, S; Bastuji-Garin, S; Chosidow, O; Hello, M; Revuz, J, 2010)	1.54
"Thalidomide is a drug currently used in Brazil for treating erythema nodosum leprosum."	( [Thalidomide used by patients with erythema nodosum leprosum]. Valente, Mdo S; Vieira, JL, )	2.48
"Thalidomide is a drug with bad reputation from the 1960's as it appeared to be teratogenic by causing foetal anomalies. "	( [Thalidomide in oncological and hematological diseases]. Anttila, P; Kivivuori, SM, 2010)	2.71
"Thalidomide and analogues are a class of immunomodulatory drugs or IMiDS. "	( Thalidomide and analogues: potential for immunomodulation of inflammatory and neoplastic dermatologic disorders. Ladizinski, B; Levis, WR; Sanchez, MR; Shannon, EJ, 2010)	3.25
"Thalidomide is a powerful treatment for inflammatory and cancer-based diseases. "	( Apoptosis induction by thalidomide: critical for limb teratogenicity but therapeutic potential in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Jungck, D; Knobloch, J; Koch, A, 2011)	2.12
"Thalidomide is a drug with pleiotropic effects: it appears to downregulate production of TNF-alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines."	( Management of central nervous system tuberculosis in children: light and shade. Buonsenso, D; Serranti, D; Valentini, P, 2010)	1.08
"Thalidomide is a useful drug for pediatric refractory CD."	( Treatment of pediatric refractory Crohn's disease with thalidomide. Huang, Y; Leung, YK; Xu, JH; Zheng, CF, 2011)	2.06
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic agent with anti-TNF-α and anti-NF-κB activity."	( t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation as predictive marker for non-responsiveness to salvage thalidomide therapy in patients with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with gastric involvement. Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsu, CH; Kuo, SH; Lin, CW; Tzeng, YS; Wu, MS; Yeh, KH, 2011)	1.31
"Thalidomide is an effective salvage treatment for standard therapy-failure, t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation-negative gastric MALT lymphoma and deserves further exploration."	( t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation as predictive marker for non-responsiveness to salvage thalidomide therapy in patients with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with gastric involvement. Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsu, CH; Kuo, SH; Lin, CW; Tzeng, YS; Wu, MS; Yeh, KH, 2011)	2.03
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that has been associated with improved appetite in those with HIV infections and cancer."	( A Phase II dose titration study of thalidomide for cancer-associated anorexia. Bicanovsky, L; Davis, M; Lagman, R; Lasheen, W; Mahmoud, F; Walsh, D, 2012)	1.38
"Thalidomide is a potentially effective rescue therapy for severe refractory CD in children who fail to respond to anti-TNF medications."	( Thalidomide use and outcomes in pediatric patients with Crohn disease refractory to infliximab and adalimumab. Felipez, LM; Gokhale, R; Kirschner, BS; Tierney, MP, 2012)	3.26
"Thalidomide is an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with refractory bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular malformations. "	( Efficacy of thalidomide for refractory gastrointestinal bleeding from vascular malformation. Chen, HM; Chen, HY; Fang, JY; Gao, YJ; Ge, ZZ; Liu, WZ; Tan, HH; Wei, W; Xiao, SD; Xu, CH, 2011)	2.19
"Thalidomide is an effective and safe treatment agent for GIVM and its associated bleeding."	( The role of HIF-1, angiopoietin-2, Dll4 and Notch1 in bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations and thalidomide-associated actions: a pilot in vivo study. Chen, HM; Chen, HY; Fang, JY; Gao, YJ; Ge, ZZ; Liu, WZ; Tan, HH; Xiao, SD, 2011)	1.3
"Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent with anti-TNF-α properties."	( Thalidomide induces mucosal healing in Crohn's disease: case report. Leite, MR; Lyra, AC; Mota, J; Santana, GO; Santos, SS, 2011)	2.53
"Thalidomide is a drug that, since its development, has made history in the world of medicine--having been withdrawn and now has returned with a boom as an anticancer and immunomodulatory drug. "	( Thalidomide: an old drug with new action. Chhibber, S; Kumar, V, 2011)	3.25
"thalidomide is an effective treatment in gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplasia, but it was withdrawn due to side effects in 16% of the patients included in our study."	( Thalidomide in refractory bleeding due to gastrointestinal angiodysplasias. Bellido, F; Garrido, A; León, R; López, J; Márquez, JL; Sayago, M, 2012)	3.26
"Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic drug currently used for the treatment of several diseases, including erythema nodosum leprosum, which occurs in patients with lepromatous leprosy. "	( A framework to identify gene expression profiles in a model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide after treatment with thalidomide. de Carvalho, DS; Fulco, TO; Lopes, UG; Nobre, FF; Paiva, RT; Sales, Jde S; Saliba, AM; Sampaio, EP; Sarno, EN, 2012)	2.03
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used in autoimmune disorders. "	( Thalidomide attenuates multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Amirshahrokhi, K; Ghazi-Khansari, M, 2012)	3.26
"Thalidomide is a developmental toxicant in vivo and acts in a species-dependent manner."	( Identification of thalidomide-specific transcriptomics and proteomics signatures during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Gaspar, JA; Hescheler, J; Hildebrand, D; Jagtap, S; Lehmann, K; Meganathan, K; Sachinidis, A; Schlüter, H; Trusch, M; Wagh, V; Winkler, J, 2012)	1.43
"Thalidomide is an infamous drug whose use by pregnant women in the middle of last century tragically resulted in serious birth defects. "	( Revisiting thalidomide: fighting with caution against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Hallowell, RW; Horton, MR, 2012)	2.21
"Thalidomide is a reasonably promising drug in treatment-resistant ankylosing spondylitis."	( One-year open-label trial of thalidomide in ankylosing spondylitis. Gu, J; Huang, F; Yu, DT; Zhang, J; Zhao, W; Zhu, J, 2002)	2.05
"Thalidomide is a glutamic acid derivative initially introduced as a sedative hypnotic nearly forty years ago. "	( Thalidomide as an anti-cancer agent. Kumar, S; Rajkumar, SV; Witzig, TE, )	3.02
"Thalidomide appears to be a safe and effective alternative for short-term healing in patients who develop infliximab-induced delayed hypersensitivity reaction and may be an alternative strategy for those at risk."	( Thalidomide as "salvage" therapy for patients with delayed hypersensitivity response to infliximab: a case series. Ehrenpreis, E; Kane, S; Stone, LJ, 2002)	2.48
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for patients with advanced myeloma, in particular, who have no poor-risk features. "	( Thalidomide in patients with advanced multiple myeloma: a study of 83 patients--report of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM). Attal, M; Bay, JO; Berthou, C; Dauriac, C; Delannoy, V; Dorvaux, V; Duguet, C; Duhamel, A; Dumontet, C; Facon, T; Grosbois, B; Harousseau, JL; Lamy, T; Monconduit, M; Moreau, P; Yakoub-Agha, I, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide (Thal) is a drug with antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties that was found to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in vitro. "	( Polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter predict for outcome after thalidomide therapy in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Goldschmidt, H; Ho, AD; Kraemer, A; Moehler, TM; Mytilineos, J; Neben, K; Opelz, G; Preiss, A, 2002)	1.98
"Thalidomide is a drug that can enhance mitogen- and antigen-stimulated cells' ability to synthesize IL-2. "	( Thalidomide can costimulate or suppress CD4+ cells' ability to incorporate [H3]-thymidine--dependence on the primary stimulant. Sandoval, FG; Shannon, EJ, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent; although its mechanisms of action are not fully understood, many authors have described its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. "	( Thalidomide: focus on its employment in rheumatologic diseases. Cassarà, EA; Ossandon, A; Priori, R; Valesini, G, )	3.02
"Thalidomide is an effective agent to treat over 25 seemingly unrelated dermatological conditions that have an inflammatory or autoimmune basis. "	( Thalidomide in dermatology. Cooper, AJ; Wines, MP; Wines, NY, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory agent and an immunomodulator that inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. "	( Low-dose thalidomide therapy for refractory cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus. Fleischer, AB; Grummer, SE; Housman, TS; Jorizzo, JL; McCarty, MA; Sutej, PG, 2003)	2.18
"Thalidomide is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. "	( Thalidomide prevents donor corneal graft neovascularization in an alkali burn model of corneal angiogenesis. Abbas, A; Feroze, AH; Hyman, GF; Khan, B, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide is an effective inhibitor of corneal angiogenesis and prolongs graft survival as measured by graft clarity in donor corneas in eyes with previous neovascularization secondary to alkali injury."	( Thalidomide prevents donor corneal graft neovascularization in an alkali burn model of corneal angiogenesis. Abbas, A; Feroze, AH; Hyman, GF; Khan, B, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic drug. "	( Thalidomide: from tragedy to promise. Cerny, T; Gillessen, S; Stolz, R; von Moos, R, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide is a promising agent, although many dose-related issues are still in question."	( Thalidomide dosing in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Hansen, LA; Thompson, JL, 2003)	2.48
"Thalidomide is an effective therapy for multiple myeloma, although its mechanisms of action remain unclear. "	( Tolerability and efficacy of thalidomide for the treatment of patients with light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis. Berk, JL; Choufani, EB; Dember, LM; Falk, RH; Fennessey, S; Finn, KT; O'Hara, C; Sanchorawala, V; Seldin, DC; Skinner, M; Wiesman, JF; Wright, DG, 2003)	2.05
"Thalidomide is reported to be an anti-angiogenic agent, which is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of advanced malignancies."	( Effects of thalidomide on the expression of angiogenesis growth factors in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Jiang, W; Li, QQ; Li, X; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Reed, E; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y, 2003)	1.43
"Thalidomide is a hypnotic/sedative drug that was withdrawn from the market because of teratogenicity."	( Structural development of synthetic retinoids and thalidomide-related molecules. Hashimoto, Y, 2003)	1.29
"Thalidomide is a new therapeutic option with promising results; however, it is associated with significant side effects including deep venous thrombosis and peripheral neuropathy."	( Recent developments and future directions in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Mehta, J; Pichardo, D; Rosen, S; Singhal, S, 2003)	1.04
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic drug, but its mechanism of action is not well known and demands further studies. "	( [Preliminary results of monotherapy with thalidomide in recurrent and treatment resistant cases of multiple myeloma]. Helbig, G; Hołowiecki, J; Kyrcz-Krzemień, S; Stella-Hołowiecka, B, 2003)	2.03
"As thalidomide is an effective treatment for ENL, this study assessed the effect of this drug on these phenomena."	( Thalidomide does not modify the ability of cells in leprosy patients to incorporate [3H]-thymidine when incubated with M. leprae antigens. Sandoval, F; Shannon, EJ; Tadesse, A; Taye, E, 2003)	2.28
"Thalidomide is a putative anti-angiogenesis agent that has significant anti-tumour activity in haematological malignancies with increased bone marrow angiogenesis, including multiple myeloma (MM) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). "	( Single agent thalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. Albitar, M; Cortes, J; Estey, E; Faderl, S; Giles, FJ; Kantarjian, H; Keating, M; O'Brien, S; Thomas, DA, 2003)	2.13
"Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agent that has been utilized as a therapy for a number of dermatologic diseases. "	( Thalidomide inhibits UVB-induced mouse keratinocyte apoptosis by both TNF-alpha-dependent and TNF-alpha-independent pathways. Brenneman, S; Burns, R; Gaines, E; Gaspari, A; Haake, A; Lu, KQ; Vink, A, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including erythema nodosum leprosum, Behcet's syndrome, discoid lupus erythematosus, and Crohn's disease. "	( Thalidomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and antigen presentation by Langerhans cells. Deng, L; Ding, W; Granstein, RD, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide is a promising treatment for patients with active AS who are resistant to conventional therapies other than biologics."	( Thalidomide for severe refractory ankylosing spondylitis: a 6-month open-label trial. Chan, TW; Chou, CT; Huang, F; Lin, HS; Wei, JC, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide seems to be an effective treatment of severe corticosteroid resistant and dependent or when systemic corticosteroids are contraindicated erosive oral lichen planus. "	( [Treatment of erosive oral lichen planus with thalidomide]. Balguerie, X; Joly, P; Macario-Barrel, A, 2003)	2.02
"Thalidomide is a promising therapy for multiple myeloma. "	( Thalidomide neuropathy: clinical, electrophysiological and neuroradiological features. Barbero, P; Bergamasco, B; Bergui, M; Bertola, A; Boccadoro, M; Ciaramitaro, P; Cocito, D; Durelli, L; Isoardo, G; Palumbo, A, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory drug with a wide spectrum of activities, which are not clearly understood."	( Thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Gattermann, N; Germing, U; Haas, R; Kündgen, A; Mödder, U; Scherer, A; Strupp, C, 2004)	2.49
"Thalidomide appears to be a safe drug in the post-transplant setting, perhaps adding to the response achieved post-transplant without major toxicity. "	( Thalidomide effects in the post-transplantation setting in patients with multiple myeloma. Byrnes, JJ; Fernandez, HF; Goodman, M; Santos, ES, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide is an oral agent with significant activity in one-third of patients with refractory myeloma. "	( Pulsed cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone: an oral regimen for previously treated patients with multiple myeloma. Anagnostopoulos, A; Anagnostopoulos, N; Dimopoulos, MA; Efstathiou, E; Gika, D; Grigoraki, V; Hamilos, G; Poziopoulos, C; Xilouri, I; Zomas, A; Zorzou, MP, 2004)	2.07
"Thalidomide is a selective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine involved in mycobacterial death mechanisms. "	( Experimental murine mycobacteriosis: evaluation of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages in thalidomide- treated mice. Arruda, MS; Oliveira, SM; Richini, VB; Vilani-Moreno, FR, 2004)	1.98
"Thalidomide is a racemic glutamic acid derivative approved in the US for erythema nodosum leprosum, a complication of leprosy. "	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of thalidomide. Colburn, WA; Jaworsky, MS; Kook, KA; Laskin, OL; Scheffler, MA; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD; Tracewell, WG, 2004)	2.06
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic drug that has shown promise in multiple hematological diseases, and myeloma and other cancers."	( The effect of thalidomide on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: possible involvement in the PPARgamma pathway. Andreola, F; De Luca, LM; DeCicco, KL; Tanaka, T, 2004)	1.41
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic drug that produces a response rate ranging from 32 to 64% in patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Extramedullary multiple myeloma escapes the effect of thalidomide. Aymerich, M; Bladé, J; Cibeira, MT; Cid, MC; Esteve, J; Filella, X; Montserrat, E; Rosiñol, L; Rozman, M; Segarra, M, 2004)	2.01
"Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent with proven efficacy in several refractory inflammatory skin conditions including photoexacerbated skin diseases. "	( Photoprotection by thalidomide in patients with chronic cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus: discordant effects on minimal erythema dose and sunburn cell formation. Cummins, DL; Gaspari, AA, 2004)	2.09
"Thalidomide is an immunodulatory and antiangiogenic drug; the most pronounced effect of this drug is the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) production."	( [Anti-cytokine therapy: present status and future perspectives in nephrology]. Panichi, V; Paoletti, S, )	0.85
"Thalidomide is an effective agent for patients with refractory multiple myeloma (MM) with a response rate of 30-40% at doses of 200-800 mg but with considerable side effects. "	( Combined thalidomide and cyclophosphamide treatment for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma patients: a prospective phase II study. Daenen, SM; de Wolf, JT; Hovenga, S; Kluin-Nelemans, HC; Sluiter, WJ; van Imhoff, GW; Vellenga, E, 2005)	2.19
"Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). "	( Effects of thalidomide on intracellular Mycobacterium leprae in normal and activated macrophages. Shannon, EJ; Tadesse, A, 2005)	2.16
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug with numerous properties that has proven effective in relapsed multiple myeloma and, to a lesser extent, in other hematologic diseases."	( Single-agent thalidomide induces response in T-cell lymphoma. Bilger, K; Bouabdallah, R; Damaj, G; Gastaut, JA; Mohty, M; Vey, N, 2005)	1.42
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulator agent of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha."	( A case of disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis treated with thalidomide. Castoldi, G; Fraulini, C; Galeotti, R; Mauro, E; Rigolin, GM; Spanedda, R, 2005)	1.29
"Thalidomide, which is an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, may represent a novel and rational approach to the treatment of cancer cachexia."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of cancer cachexia: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Duncan, HD; Ellis, RD; Goggin, PM; Gordon, JN; Johns, T; Trebble, TM, 2005)	2.49
"Thalidomide is a rediscovered old drug with anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Successful management of cryoglobulinemia-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis with thalidomide in a patient with multiple myeloma. Cem Ar, M; Hatemi, G; Salihoglu, A; Soysal, T; Ulku, B; Yazici, H, 2005)	1.27
"Thalidomide is an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) that has been proven effective for the treatment of experimental sepsis by Escherichia coli. "	( Immunomodulatory intervention in sepsis by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with thalidomide: an experimental study. Bolanos, N; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, EJ; Giamarellou, H; Karayannacos, PE; Koussoulas, V; Laoutaris, G; Papadakis, V; Perrea, D, 2005)	1.99
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic drug and is clinically useful in a number of cancers. "	( Thalidomide inhibits growth of tumors through COX-2 degradation independent of antiangiogenesis. Du, GJ; Lin, HH; Wang, MW; Xu, QT, 2005)	3.21
"Thalidomide is a first-generation immuno-modulating agent that down-regulates TNF-alpha and VEGF."	( Results of a phase 1 clinical trial of thalidomide in combination with fludarabine as initial therapy for patients with treatment-requiring chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Berger, C; Bernstein, ZP; Chanan-Khan, A; Czuczman, MS; Donohue, K; Klippenstein, D; Koryzna, A; Miller, KC; Mohr, A; Takeshita, K; Wallace, P; Zeldis, JB, 2005)	1.32
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug with strong antimyeloma activity. "	( Oral melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide for newly diagnosed patients with myeloma. Bertola, A; Boccadoro, M; Callea, V; Cangialosi, C; Caravita, T; Falco, P; Grasso, M; Musto, P; Nunzi, M; Palumbo, A, 2005)	2.05
"Thalidomide is an interesting maintenance therapy."	( The future role of thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Attal, M; Blade, J; Boccadoro, M; Palumbo, A, 2005)	1.38
"Thalidomide is a racemate with potentially different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the component (+)-(R)- and (-)-(S)-thalidomide enantiomers. "	( Thalidomide enantiomers: determination in biological samples by HPLC and vancomycin-CSP. Boyle, F; Gu, XQ; Mather, LE; Murphy-Poulton, SF, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide is an effective therapy for some LR patients with LCH, but showed no significant responses in HR patients. "	( A phase II trial using thalidomide for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Kozinetz, CA; McClain, KL, 2007)	2.09
"Thalidomide is a putative antiangiogenesis agent with activity in several hematologic malignancies."	( Thalidomide therapy for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Albitar, M; Cortes, JE; Faderl, S; Garcia-Manero, G; Giles, FJ; Kantarjian, HM; Keating, MJ; O'Brien, SM; Pierce, S; Thomas, DA; Verstovsek, S; Zeldis, J, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent, which arrests angiogenesis. "	( Thalidomide attenuates nitric oxide mediated angiogenesis by blocking migration of endothelial cells. Chatterjee, S; Indhumathy, M; Kolluru, GK; Rajaram, M; Saranya, R; Tamilarasan, KP, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide treatment is an adequate therapeutic measure in adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which is rare and difficult to treat. "	( [Thalidomide in adult multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report]. Alioua, Z; Frikh, R; Ghfir, M; Hjira, N; Oumakhir, S; Rimani, M; Sedrati, O, 2006)	2.69
"Thalidomide is a relatively safe and efficacious form of therapy in the treatment of advanced, refractory multiple myeloma. "	( Thalidomide-induced severe hepatotoxicity. Hanje, AJ; Meis, GM; Shamp, JL; Thomas, FB, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenesis agent that has shown activity in some solid tumors. "	( Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in recurrent epithelial ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma. Chan, JK; Cheung, MK; Ciaravino, G; Husain, A; Manuel, MR; Teng, NN, 2006)	2.09
"Thalidomide is a drug with anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer properties that were found to inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in vitro, stimulate reactive oxygen species production, and inhibit VEGFR in acute leukemias. "	( Ex vivo activity of thalidomide in childhood acute leukemia. Czyzewski, K; Styczynski, J; Wysocki, M, 2006)	2.1
"Thalidomide is an effective maintenance therapy in patients with multiple myeloma."	( Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Attal, M; Avet-Loiseau, H; Benboubker, L; Berthou, C; Bourhis, JH; Caillot, D; Doyen, C; Dumontet, C; Facon, T; Garderet, L; Grobois, B; Harousseau, JL; Hulin, C; Leyvraz, S; Marit, G; Monconduit, M; Moreau, P; Pegourie, B; Renaud, M; Voillat, L; Yakoub Agha, I, 2006)	1.36
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic agent currently used to treat patients with malignant cachexia or multiple myeloma. "	( Toxicity profile of the immunomodulatory thalidomide analogue, lenalidomide: phase I clinical trial of three dosing schedules in patients with solid malignancies. Daines, CA; Dalgleish, AG; Knight, RD; O'Byrne, KJ; Sharma, RA; Steward, WP, 2006)	2.04
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for ENL but not RR."	( Effect of thalidomide on the expression of TNF-alpha m-RNA and synthesis of TNF-alpha in cells from leprosy patients with reversal reaction. Abebe, M; Aseffa, A; Bizuneh, E; Mulugeta, W; Shannon, EJ; Tadesse, A, 2006)	1.46
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic drug. "	( [Thalidomide in treatment of connective diseases and vasculities]. Cantatore, FP; Maruotti, N; Ribatti, D, )	2.48
"Thalidomide is a derivative of glutamic acid with anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer properties that was found to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro, stimulate reactive oxygen species production, and inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in acute leukemias. "	( Thalidomide increases in vitro sensitivity of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to prednisolone and cytarabine. Czyzewski, K; Styczyński, J; Zaborowska, A, )	3.02
"Thalidomide was intended to be a sup-pressor of capillary proliferation, and STI571, which is known to be a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, was used for preventing mesangial proliferation."	( Postinflammatory glomerular recanalization is established under the accommodation of transformed mesangial cells. Aoyagi, D; Chowdury, R; Otani, M; Shigematsu, H; Zhang, L, )	0.85
"Thalidomide is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in experimental models."	( Macroscopic appearance of intestinal angiodysplasias under antiangiogenic treatment with thalidomide. Bauditz, J; Lochs, H; Voderholzer, W, 2006)	1.28
"Thalidomide is a potent anti-myeloma drug which can produce up to a 30-50% overall response rate (ORR) in pre-treated, chemorefractory multiple myeloma. "	( Thalidomide plus monthly high-dose dexamethasone in chemorefractory myeloma. Results of a phase II clinical study. Bernardeschi, P; Dentico, P; Fiorentini, G; Giustarini, G; Montenora, I; Rossi, S; Turano, E; Turrisi, G, )	3.02
"Thalidomide is a racemate with known pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic enantioselectivity."	( Enantioselectivity of thalidomide serum and tissue concentrations in a rat glioma model and effects of combination treatment with cisplatin and BCNU. Boyle, FM; Davey, RA; Gu, XQ; Mather, LE; Murphy, S, 2007)	1.38
"Thalidomide is an effective short- to medium-term treatment in selected patients with refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease. "	( Thalidomide in luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease resistant to standard therapies. Kamm, MA; Ng, SC; Plamondon, S, 2007)	3.23
"Thalidomide is a beneficial agent for treating a variety of refractory dermatologic disorders including erythema nodosom leprosum, lupus erythematosus, prurigo nodularis, actinic prurigo, pyoderma gangrenosum and aphthous stomatitis. "	( Thalidomide and its dermatologic uses. Paghdal, KV; Schwartz, R, 2007)	3.23
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic agent with activity in refractory multiple myeloma."	( Multi-centre phase II trial of Thalidomide in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Boyer, M; Chuah, B; Clarke, S; Goh, BC; Kong, HL; Lim, R; Millward, M; Ong, AB; Wong, SW, 2007)	1.35
"Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory agent that potentiates the anti-tumour activity of DMXAA but decreases induction of TNF in plasma."	( Consequences of increased vascular permeability induced by treatment of mice with 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) and thalidomide. Baguley, BC; Ching, LM; Chung, F; Liu, J, 2008)	1.27
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic drug used in cancer therapy."	( Arterial thrombosis and thalidomide. Cakir, O; Eren, MN; Goz, M, 2008)	1.37
"Thalidomide is a potent anticancer therapeutic drug whose mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. "	( Characterization of thalidomide using Raman spectroscopy. Cipriani, P; Smith, CY, 2008)	2.11
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic drug. "	( Combination of thalidomide and cisplatin in an head and neck squamous cell carcinomas model results in an enhanced antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Beckhove, P; Dyckhoff, G; Helmke, BM; Herold-Mende, CC; Kashfi, F; Lemke, B; Lohr, J; Plinkert, PK; Schirrmacher, V; Vasvari, GP, 2007)	2.14
"Thalidomide is a promising agent that may exert a therapeutic benefit in HS."	( Thalidomide for the treatment of histiocytic sarcoma after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Abidi, MH; Ibrahim, RB; Maria, D; Peres, E; Tove, I, 2007)	2.5
"Thalidomide+IFN is a safe and tolerable palliative treatment for previously treated stage IV melanoma."	( A pilot study of low-dose thalidomide and interferon alpha-2b in patients with metastatic melanoma who failed prior treatment. Berd, D; Mastrangelo, MJ; Sato, T; Solti, M, 2007)	1.36
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulating agent which reverses many of the cytokine disturbances seen in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) with inadequate response to other treatments. "	( Efficacy of thalidomide in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Escárcega, RO; Escobar, LE; Fuentes-Alexandro, S; García-Carrasco, M; Rojas-Rodriguez, J, 2007)	2.16
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent that acts to inhibit production of tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), an important mediator in CNS inflammation, by enhancing TNF-alpha mRNA degradation. "	( Thalidomide for acute treatment of neurosarcoidosis. Hammond, ER; Kaplin, AI; Kerr, DA, 2007)	3.23
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug used in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Monotherapy with low-dose thalidomide for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: better response rate with earlier treatment. Bláha, V; Büchler, T; Hájek, R; Maisnar, V; Malý, J; Radocha, J, 2007)	2.08
"Thalidomide is shown to be an effective treatment for mucocutaneous symptoms of Behcet's disease (BD). "	( Thalidomide has both anti-inflammatory and regulatory effects in Behcet's disease. Direskeneli, H; Eksioglu-Demiralp, E; Ergun, T; Hamuryudan, V; Yavuz, S, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic agent with immune modulating potential. "	( A prospective randomized trial of thalidomide with topotecan compared with topotecan alone in women with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Abu-Ghazaleh, SZ; Argenta, PA; Bliss, RL; Boente, MP; Carson, LF; Chen, MD; Downs, LS; Geller, MA; Ghebre, R; Judson, PL; Nahhas, WA, 2008)	2.07
"Thalidomide is an anti-neoplastic agent with anti-angiogenic and other mechanisms of action."	( Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose thalidomide as first-line systemic treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Chan, P; Cheung, TT; Chok, SH; Epstein, RJ; Fan, ST; Lam, V; Ng, KK; Poon, RT; Wong, H; Yau, T, 2007)	1.33
"Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic properties and activity in ovarian cancer. "	( Thalidomide-induced reversible interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer. Buttin, BM; Moore, MJ, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent with demonstrated activity in multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. "	( Thalidomide has limited single-agent activity in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas: a phase II trial of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Bartlett, NL; Cheson, BD; Grinblatt, D; Johnson, JL; Niedzwiecki, D; Rizzieri, D; Smith, SM, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide seems to be an active drug in advanced SM."	( Thalidomide in advanced mastocytosis. Bernit, E; Canioni, D; Claisse, JF; Damaj, G; Ghez, D; Harlé, JR; Hermine, O; Schleinitz, N, 2008)	2.51
"Thalidomide is a well-known anti-angiogenic drug."	( The effect of thalidomide on neovascularization in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity. Katz, G; Pri-Chen, S; Rabinowitz, R; Rosner, M; Spierer, A, 2008)	1.43
"Thalidomide is a teratogenic/hypnotic/sedative agent which elicits a wide range of pharmaceutical/biological activities. "	( Thalidomide as a multi-template for development of biologically active compounds. Hashimoto, Y, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for severe OGU."	( Thalidomide in severe orogenital ulceration. Allen, BR; Jenkins, JS; Littlewood, SM; Maurice, PD; Powell, RJ; Smith, NJ, 1984)	2.43
"Thalidomide is a very effective drug in CDLE, but in most cases it exerts its effect only whilst treatment is continued."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of sixty cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Bonsmann, G; Happle, R; Knop, J; Ludolph, A; Macher, E; Matz, DR; Mifsud, EJ, 1983)	2.43
"Thalidomide is an effective drug in the treatment of actinic prurigo but it must be used with adequate contraception in women of child-bearing age."	( Thalidomide in actinic prurigo. Calnan, CD; Hawk, JL; Lovell, CR; Magnus, IA, 1983)	2.43
"Thalidomide is a potent teratogen causing dysmelia (stunted limb growth) in humans. "	( Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. D'Amato, RJ; Flynn, E; Folkman, J; Loughnan, MS, 1994)	3.17
"Thalidomide is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of chronic GVHD in children and may avoid the use of long-term corticosteroid therapy."	( Thalidomide in the management of chronic graft-versus-host disease in children following bone marrow transplantation. Chan, KW; Cole, CH; Phillips, G; Pritchard, S; Rogers, PC, 1994)	2.45
"Thalidomide is an effective immunomodulatory drug in man, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. "	( The immunosuppressive drug thalidomide induces T helper cell type 2 (Th2) and concomitantly inhibits Th1 cytokine production in mitogen- and antigen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Deighton, J; Ewan, PW; Lachmann, PJ; Lockwood, CM; McHugh, SM; Rifkin, IR; Wilson, AB, 1995)	2.03
"Thalidomide is a teratogenic sedative-hypnotic drug that is structurally similar to phenytoin, which is thought to be bioactivated by prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) and other peroxidases to a teratogenic reactive intermediate. "	( Inhibition of thalidomide teratogenicity by acetylsalicylic acid: evidence for prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed bioactivation of thalidomide to a teratogenic reactive intermediate. Arlen, RR; Wells, PG, 1996)	2.1
"Thalidomide is a drug that is being used in several diseases with an immunological component, but the effects on the different immune functions have only been studied partially. "	( Thalidomide and its metabolites have no effect on human lymphocyte proliferation. Estrada-García, L; Estrada-Parra, S; Favila-Castillo, L; Labarrios, F; Oltra, A; Santos-Mendoza, T; Tamaríz, J, 1996)	3.18
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulating agent shown to prolong graft survival in experimental skin, renal, cardiac and bone marrow transplantation. "	( Moderate additive immunosuppressive effect of thalidomide combined with cyclosporin A in rat cardiac transplantation. Ekberg, H; Gannedahl, G; Ostraat, O; Qi, Z; Tufveson, G, 1996)	2
"Thalidomide is a sedative hypnotic that was widely used in the 1950s but was withdrawn due to its teratogenic properties. "	( Thalidomide, a hypnotic with immune modulating properties, increases cataplexy in canine narcolepsy. Dement, WC; Hishikawa, Y; Kanbayashi, T; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Tafti, M, 1996)	3.18
"Thalidomide is a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for treatment-resistant dermatoses as long as proper vigilance for adverse effects is maintained."	( Rediscovering thalidomide: a review of its mechanism of action, side effects, and potential uses. Pak, G; Pomeranz, MK; Shupack, JL; Tseng, S; Washenik, K, 1996)	1.38
"Thalidomide appears to be an effective and well-tolerated alternative to prednisone for the treatment of IEU."	( A prospective trial of thalidomide for the treatment of HIV-associated idiopathic esophageal ulcers. Alexander, LN; Wilcox, CM, 1997)	1.33
"Thalidomide is a specific inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, and this effect has been shown to be useful for the treatment of various immunodiseases."	( [Novel biological response modifiers: phthalimides with TNF-alpha production regulating activity]. Azuma, A; Hashimoto, Y; Miyachi, H, 1997)	1.02
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for aphthous ulceration of the mouth and oropharynx in patients with HIV infection."	( Thalidomide for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Chernoff, M; Fahey, JL; Fox, L; Greenspan, JS; Jackson, JB; Jacobson, JM; Ketter, N; MacPhail, LA; Spritzler, J; Vasquez, GJ; Wohl, DA; Wu, AW, 1997)	3.18
"Thalidomide is a potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha action."	( Randomised comparison of thalidomide versus placebo in toxic epidermal necrolysis. Bocquet, H; Boudeau, S; Brun-Buisson, C; Duguet, C; Latarjet, J; Maignan, M; Milpied, B; Pilorget, A; Revuz, J; Roujeau, JC; Schuhmacher, MH; Vaillant, L; Wolkenstein, P, 1998)	1.32
"Thalidomide is a good alternative therapy to SLE patients with refractory cutaneous lesions and without any risk of pregnancy."	( Long-term thalidomide use in refractory cutaneous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus. Andrade, LE; Assis, LS; Lourenzi, VP; Sato, EI, )	1.98
"Thalidomide, (1), is a known inhibitor of TNF-alpha release in LPS stimulated human PBMC. "	( Amino-substituted thalidomide analogs: potent inhibitors of TNF-alpha production. Chen, R; Chen, Y; Corral, LG; Huang, SY; Kaplan, G; Muller, GW; Patterson, RT; Stirling, DI; Wong, LM, 1999)	2.08
"Thalidomide is a teratogen with anti-angiogenic properties and causes stunted limb growth (dysmelia) during human embryogenesis. "	( Thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis in embryoid bodies by the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Günther, J; Hescheler, J; Sauer, H; Wartenberg, M, 2000)	3.19
"Thalidomide is a generally well-tolerated drug that may have antitumor activity in a minority of patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. "	( Phase II trial of the antiangiogenic agent thalidomide in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Black, PM; Figg, WD; Fine, HA; Jaeckle, K; Kaplan, R; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Loeffler, JS; Pluda, JM; Wen, PY; Yung, WK, 2000)	2.01
"Thalidomide is a potent anti-inflammatory drug in patients with SLE and cutaneous LE, possibly interacting with the recruitment of lymphocytes. "	( Clinical and immunologic parameters during thalidomide treatment of lupus erythematosus. Messer, G; Meurer, M; Plewig, G; Walchner, M, 2000)	2.01
"Thalidomide is an active agent in the treatment of patients with advanced myeloma."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma. Dispenzieri, A; Fonseca, R; Gertz, MA; Greipp, PR; Kyle, RA; Lacy, MQ; Lust, JA; Rajkumar, SV; Witzig, TE, 2000)	3.19
"The thalidomide product is a racemic mixture of the L- and D-enantiomeric forms of a synthetic glutamic acid derivative that contains a phthalimide ring and a glutarimide ring. "	( Thalidomide: a remarkable comeback. Jacobson, JM, 2000)	2.31
"Thalidomide is a potentially useful drug for several dermatological disorders."	( Thalidomide usage in Wales: the need to follow guidelines. Chave, TA; Finlay, AY; Knight, AG, 2001)	3.2
"Thalidomide seems to be an effective and safe treatment in patients with refractory Crohn disease. "	( Efficacy of long-term treatment with thalidomide in children and young adults with Crohn disease: preliminary results. Candusso, M; Facchini, S; Liubich, M; Martelossi, S; Panfili, E; Ventura, A, 2001)	2.03
"Thalidomide is an experimental drug currently used for oral aphthous ulcers and wasting syndrome, and is the same drug associated with severe fetal abnormalities in the 1960s."	( Thalidomide shows benefit for microsporidial diarrhea. Bartnof, HS, 1997)	2.46
"Thalidomide is a drug associated with devastating side effects. "	( Thalidomide's long and winding road. Hanna, L, 1998)	3.19
"Thalidomide is a potent teratogen that causes dysmelia in humans. "	( A randomized phase II trial of thalidomide, an angiogenesis inhibitor, in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. Chen, CC; Dahut, W; Dixon, S; Duray, P; Figg, WD; Floeter, MK; Gubish, E; Hamilton, M; Jones, E; Kohler, DR; Krüger, EA; Linehan, WM; Pluda, JM; Premkumar, A; Reed, E; Steinberg, SM; Tompkins, A, 2001)	2.04
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulator, anti-angiogenic agent, anti-cytokine, and anti-integrin. "	( Thalidomide: dual benefits in palliative medicine and oncology. Davis, MP; Dickerson, ED, )	3.02
"Thalidomide is an infamous molecule for its teratogenicity, yet it possesses potent immunomodulatory, anti-angiogeneic and, in higher concentrations, direct anti-myeloma-cell properties."	( [Role of thalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma]. Jákó, J; Mikala, G; Vályi-Nagy, I, 2001)	1.45
"Thalidomide is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid with sedative-hypnotic activity, which caused devastating teratogenic effects in the 1960s. "	( Thalidomide: an old sedative-hypnotic with anticancer activity? Alberti, AM; Capaccetti, B; Gasparini, G; Gattuso, D; Magnani, E; Morabito, A, 2001)	3.2
"Thalidomide (Thal) is a drug with anti-angiogenic properties. "	( Response to thalidomide in progressive multiple myeloma is not mediated by inhibition of angiogenic cytokine secretion. Benner, A; Egerer, G; Goldschmidt, H; Ho, AD; Kraemer, A; Moehler, T; Neben, K, 2001)	2.13
"Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent that is approved for use in patients with cutaneous manifestations of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). "	( Thalidomide: a novel template for anticancer drugs. Stirling, D, 2001)	3.2
"Thalidomide is a well-tolerated drug that may have some activity in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma."	( Phase II study of thalidomide in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Bell, DR; Biggs, M; Boyle, FM; Cook, R; Levi, JA; Little, N; Marx, GM; McCowatt, S; Pavlakis, N; Wheeler, HR, 2001)	1.37
"Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenesis agent that currently is being evaluated in the treatment of various types of cancer. "	( Thalidomide: when everything old is new again. Nirenberg, A, )	3.02
"Thalidomide is an effective treatment for relapsed multiple myeloma (MM), but is associated with a significant side effect profile at higher doses. "	( Thalidomide in low doses is effective for the treatment of resistant or relapsed multiple myeloma and for plasma cell leukaemia. Abdalla, SH; Johnston, RE, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide appears to be an effective and relatively safe drug to maintain response to infliximab in chronically active and fistulizing refractory Crohn's disease."	( An open-label study of thalidomide for maintenance therapy in responders to infliximab in chronically active and fistulizing refractory Crohn's disease. Allez, M; Bonnet, J; Lemann, M; Modigliani, R; Sabate, JM; Villarejo, J, 2002)	2.07
"Thalidomide thus appears to be a very effective drug in the treatment of severe type-2 lepra reaction and apart from its historically well-documented embryopathic effects, does not seem to have any other serious side effects in the patients under study."	( Thalidomide in type-2 lepra reaction--a clinical experience. Jadhav, VH; Mehta, JM; Patki, AH, )	2.3
"Thalidomide appears to be an effective agent for the treatment of severe RAS unresponsive to traditional therapies."	( Thalidomide: treatment of severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis in patients with AIDS. Nicolau, DP; West, TE, 1990)	2.44

Effects

Thalidomide was introduced as a sedative drug in the late 1950s. It has a number of approved and off-label uses in dermatologic, oncologic, infectious and gastrointestinal conditions. Thalidomid has a different toxicity profile than corticosteroids or immunosuppressives.

Thalidomide has been shown to antagonize basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the rat corneal micropocket assay. The drug is very effective in alleviating erythema nodosum leprosum in leprosy patients and aphthous ulcers in AIDS patients. Thalidomides has been found to cause increases in body weight in patients with HIV and tuberculosis infections.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thalidomide has a protective effect on ALI induced by PQ poisoning in rats in a dose-dependent manner, the mechanism may be achieved by reducing the level of oxygen free radicals, reducing the inflammatory factor and inhibiting the IκB-α/NF-κB signal pathway activation."	( [Protective effect of thalidomide on ALI induced by paraquat poisoning in rats and its mechanism]. Liu, T; Xie, Y; Xu, M; Zheng, F, 2017)	2.21
"Thalidomide has a rapid action but its use is limited due the teratogenicity and neurotoxicity."	( Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: Update and challenges on the treatment of a neglected condition. Costa, PDSS; Daxbacher, ELR; Fraga, LR; Kowalski, TW; Schuler-Faccini, L; Vianna, FSL, 2018)	1.2
"Thalidomide (THD) has a therapeutic effect on fibrotic and inflammatory disorders."	( Thalidomide (THD) alleviates radiation induced lung fibrosis (RILF) via down-regulation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Bian, C; Chen, J; Qin, WJ; Wang, YY; Zhang, CY; Zhao, R; Zhe, H; Zhu, YZ; Zou, GL, 2018)	2.64
"Thalidomide has a strong potential to improve response and survival measures in patients with standard risk MM."	( 10 years of experience with thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients: report of the Czech Myeloma Group. Adam, Z; Adamova, D; Bacovsky, J; Gregora, E; Gumulec, J; Hajek, R; Jarkovsky, J; Maisnar, V; Melicharova, H; Minarik, J; Pavlicek, P; Pika, T; Plonkova, H; Pour, L; Radocha, J; Sandecka, V; Scudla, V; Spicka, I; Starostka, D; Straub, J; Walterova, L; Wrobel, M, 2013)	1.41
"Thalidomide has a favorable safety profile compared with other alternatives and could be considered a feasible therapeutic option for this type of condition in selected patients."	( Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis and Thalidomide in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Barber, I; Fernández-Polo, A; Fontecha, CG; Martín-Nalda, A; Martinez-Gallo, M; Roca, I; Soler-Palacin, P, 2016)	1.41
"Thalidomide has a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activity. "	( Immunomodulatory properties of thalidomide analogs: pomalidomide and lenalidomide, experimental and therapeutic applications. Bodera, P; Stankiewicz, W, 2011)	2.1
"Thalidomide has a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TNF-α, which plays role in Aβ neurotoxicity."	( Thalidomide attenuates learning and memory deficits induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin in rats. Alan, S; Elçioğlu, H; Kabasakal, L; Karan, M; Salva, E; Tufan, F, 2013)	2.55
"Thalidomide has a significant therapeutic effect in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by improving cytopenia and achieving independence of transfusion therapy in a subset of patients."	( Antiangiogenic therapy in hematologic malignancies. Goldschmidt, H; Hillengass, J; Ho, AD; Moehler, TM, 2004)	1.04
"Thalidomide has a variety of biological effects that vary considerably according to the species tested. "	( Thalidomide pharmacokinetics and metabolite formation in mice, rabbits, and multiple myeloma patients. Baguley, BC; Browett, P; Ching, LM; Chung, F; Kestell, P; Lu, J; Palmer, BD; Tingle, M, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide has a different toxicity profile than corticosteroids or immunosuppressives."	( Newer therapies for cutaneous sarcoidosis: the role of thalidomide and other agents. Baughman, RP; Lower, EE, 2004)	1.29
"Thalidomide has a potent immunomodulatory property and has now a number of approved and off-label uses in dermatologic, oncologic, infectious and gastrointestinal conditions."	( New cases of thalidomide embryopathy in Brazil. Castilla, EE; de Sousa, AC; Luna, E; Maximino, C; Schuler-Faccini, L; Schwartz, IV; Soares, RC; Waldman, C, 2007)	1.43
"Thalidomide, which has a long history of tragedy because of its ability to cause severe birth defects, is very effective in alleviating erythema nodosum leprosum in leprosy patients and aphthous ulcers in AIDS patients. "	( Immunomodulatory assays to study structure-activity relationships of thalidomide. Morales, MJ; Sandoval, F; Shannon, EJ, 1997)	1.97
"Thalidomide has a significant antiangiogenic effect against VEGF-induced neovasclar growth. "	( Thalidomide inhibits corneal angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Becker, MD; Joussen, AM; Kruse, FE; Rohrschneider, K; Völcker, HE, 1998)	3.19
"Thalidomide has a chiral centre, and the racemate of (R)- and (S)-thalidomide was introduced as a sedative drug in the late 1950s. "	( Clinical pharmacology of thalidomide. Björkman, S; Eriksson, T; Höglund, P, 2001)	2.06
"Thalidomide has a role to play in the management of chronic GVHD and further studies are needed."	( Thalidomide treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bailey, CC; Barnard, DL; Heney, D; Lewis, IJ; Norfolk, DR; Wheeldon, J, 1991)	2.45
"Thalidomide has a beneficial effect on type II Lepra reaction especially chronic and recurrent reaction. "	( Thalidomide in leprosy--study of 94 cases. Ganapati, R; Parikh, DA; Revankar, CR, )	3.02
"Thalidomide has been shown to be an effective systemic drug in the treatment of RAS, but the value of undertaking a trial to evaluate various maintenance doses was warranted."	( A Randomized controlled clinical trial on dose optimization of thalidomide in maintenance treatment for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Deng, Y; Du, G; Pan, L; Tang, G; Wang, Y; Wei, W; Yao, H, 2022)	1.68
"Thalidomide (THD) has been found to synergize with cisplatin (DDP) in certain types of cancers; however, their combined use in the treatment of cervical cancer has not been reported to date, at least to the best of our knowledge. "	( Synergistic effects of thalidomide and cisplatin are mediated via the PI3K/AKT and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways in cervical cancer. Feng, H; Li, S; Liu, C; Song, L; Wu, Y; Yang, L, 2022)	2.47
"Thalidomide (TAL) has shown potential therapeutic effects in neurological diseases like epilepsy. "	( Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model. Cumbres-Vargas, IM; Pichardo-Macías, LA; Ramírez-San Juan, E; Zamudio, SR, 2023)	3.8
"Thalidomide has emerged as an effective immunomodulator in the treatment of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refractory to standard therapies. "	( Gene expression profiling in white blood cells reveals new insights into the molecular mechanisms of thalidomide in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Bidoli, C; Bramuzzo, M; Brumatti, LV; Celsi, F; Curci, D; Decorti, G; Edomi, P; Gerdol, M; Lega, S; Licastro, D; Lionetti, P; Lucafò, M; Maestro, A; Nonnis, M; Paci, M; Pallavicini, A; Pugnetti, L; Renzo, S; Stocco, G, 2023)	2.57
"Thalidomide (THD) has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antitumor properties, which have led to its use in various autoimmune diseases, hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and other disorders."	( A case report of thalidomide in the treatment of camrelizumab-induced reactive cutaneous capillary hyperplasia. Fu, S; Li, C; Wang, Z; Zhong, Y; Zhong, Z, 2023)	1.97
"Thalidomide has been evaluated for the treatment of recurrent bleeding due to small-intestinal angiodysplasia (SIA), but confirmatory trials are lacking."	( Thalidomide for Recurrent Bleeding Due to Small-Intestinal Angiodysplasia. Chen, H; Dai, Z; Du, Y; Gao, Y; Ge, Z; Gong, S; Li, X; Li, Z; Liu, S; Lu, H; Lu, L; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Tang, M; Wu, S; Xiong, H; Xu, L; Xue, H; Yang, A; Yang, S; Zhang, Q; Zhao, R; Zhong, J; Zhong, L, 2023)	3.07
"Thalidomide (Thal) has been shown to increase the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy agents in solid tumors."	( Tumor vasculature remolding by thalidomide increases delivery and efficacy of cisplatin. Li, S; Liu, P; Shen, Y; Tian, Q; Wang, B; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, X; Yang, J, 2019)	1.52
"Thalidomide has shown exceptional results in systemic/cutaneous lupus erythematosus(SLE/CLE). "	( Thalidomide and Lenalidomide for Refractory Systemic/Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Treatment: A Narrative Review of Literature for Clinical Practice. Aikawa, NE; Bonfa, E; Heise, CO; Pasoto, SG; Romiti, R; Silva, CA; Yuki, EFN, 2021)	3.51
"Thalidomide has been shown to reactivate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production and reduce the need for blood transfusions in β-thalassemia patients. "	( The association of HBG2, BCL11A, and HBS1L-MYB polymorphisms to thalidomide response in Chinese β-thalassemia patients. Ma, Y; Wu, Y; Xiao, J; Yang, K; Yin, X; Zhou, Y, 2020)	2.24
"Thalidomide has been used successfully in a variety of chronic refractory inflammatory dermatological conditions with underlying autoimmune or infectious pathogenesis. "	( Efficacy of Thalidomide in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms. Cortés-Hernández, J; Domingo, S; Ferrer, B; Moliné, T; Ordi-Ros, J; Solé, C, 2020)	2.38
"Thalidomide has proven to be a steroid-sparing agent and is useful in controlling the reactions."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in an outpatient setting: A five-year retrospective analysis from a leprosy referral centre in India. Pallapati, MS; Srikantam, A; Tarwater, P; Upputuri, B, 2020)	2.72
"Thalidomide has been used to treat ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, but the efficacy and safety of thalidomide on psychological symptoms and sleep disturbances in the patient with refractory AS has not been evaluated."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide on psychological symptoms and sleep disturbances in the patient with refractory ankylosing spondylitis. Chen, Z; Gao, F; He, J; Lin, D; Lin, H; Liu, J; Wu, Y; Zhang, S, 2021)	2.37
"Thalidomide has been reported being able to inhibit the effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and inhibit tumour necrosis factor-alpha synthesis, and suppress tumour necrosis factor-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation in Jurkat cells, resulting in suppression of proliferation inflammation, angiogenesis, and the immune system, which are related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis."	( Thalidomide Improves Psoriasis-like Lesions and Inhibits Cutaneous VEGF Expression without Alteration of Microvessel Density in Imiquimod- induced Psoriatic Mouse Model. Gao, Q; Liu, JH; Luo, DQ; Wang, F; Wu, HH; Zhao, YK, 2018)	2.64
"Thalidomide has shown excellent results for severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), but its prescription is limited by potentially severe adverse events."	( Efficacy and tolerance profile of thalidomide in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arnaud, L; Barbaud, A; Cesbron, E; Chasset, F; Francès, C; Tounsi, T, 2018)	2.2
"Thalidomide has a protective effect on ALI induced by PQ poisoning in rats in a dose-dependent manner, the mechanism may be achieved by reducing the level of oxygen free radicals, reducing the inflammatory factor and inhibiting the IκB-α/NF-κB signal pathway activation."	( [Protective effect of thalidomide on ALI induced by paraquat poisoning in rats and its mechanism]. Liu, T; Xie, Y; Xu, M; Zheng, F, 2017)	2.21
"Thalidomide has a rapid action but its use is limited due the teratogenicity and neurotoxicity."	( Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: Update and challenges on the treatment of a neglected condition. Costa, PDSS; Daxbacher, ELR; Fraga, LR; Kowalski, TW; Schuler-Faccini, L; Vianna, FSL, 2018)	1.2
"Thalidomide has been trialled in CNS TB due to its immunomodulatory and immune reconstitution effects through the inhibition of tumour necrosis factor alpha."	( Clinical perspectives into the use of thalidomide for central nervous system tuberculosis. Adams, A; Bharambe, V; Gnanapavan, S; Jayakumar, A; Keddie, S; Sanchez, V; Shah, A, 2018)	1.47
"Thalidomide has been used as a therapeutic strategy for refractory epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia patients."	( The use of thalidomide therapy for refractory epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: systematic review. Harrison, L; Jervis, P; Kundra, A, 2018)	1.59
"Thalidomide (THD) has a therapeutic effect on fibrotic and inflammatory disorders."	( Thalidomide (THD) alleviates radiation induced lung fibrosis (RILF) via down-regulation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Bian, C; Chen, J; Qin, WJ; Wang, YY; Zhang, CY; Zhao, R; Zhe, H; Zhu, YZ; Zou, GL, 2018)	2.64
"Thalidomide has been used as an effective treatment for prurigo nodularis (PN) with a median dose of 200 mg, but the risk of peripheral neuropathy precludes long-term use. "	( An observational analysis of low-dose thalidomide in recalcitrant prurigo nodularis. Gupta, A; Sardana, K; Sinha, S, 2020)	2.27
"Thalidomide has shown its efficacy in the treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients. "	( Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations etiologies in HHT patients and potential utility of thalidomide. El Hajjam, M; Lacombe, P; Lacout, A; Marcy, PY, 2013)	2.05
"Thalidomide has shown antiangiogenic activity, and we hypothesised that its use in the maintenance setting could improve outcomes."	( Thalidomide versus active supportive care for maintenance in patients with malignant mesothelioma after first-line chemotherapy (NVALT 5): an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 study. Baas, P; Buikhuisen, WA; Burgers, JA; Custers, FL; Gans, SJ; Groen, HJ; Korse, CM; Nowak, AK; Pavlakis, N; Schouwink, JH; Schramel, FM; Strankinga, WF; van Klaveren, RJ; Vincent, AD, 2013)	2.55
"Thalidomide has indications for the treatment of several immune-related, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases, in both adults and children. "	( Thalidomide affects the skeletal system of young rats. Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak, I; Rymkiewicz, I; Sedlak, L, )	3.02
"Thalidomide has been used in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders due to its anti-inflammatory activity. "	( Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide in paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in mice. Amirshahrokhi, K, 2013)	2.13
"New thalidomide analogues have been developed but lack clinical experience."	( [Current therapeutic indications of thalidomide and lenalidomide]. Cosiglio, FJ; Ordi-Ros, J, 2014)	1.16
"Thalidomide has a strong potential to improve response and survival measures in patients with standard risk MM."	( 10 years of experience with thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients: report of the Czech Myeloma Group. Adam, Z; Adamova, D; Bacovsky, J; Gregora, E; Gumulec, J; Hajek, R; Jarkovsky, J; Maisnar, V; Melicharova, H; Minarik, J; Pavlicek, P; Pika, T; Plonkova, H; Pour, L; Radocha, J; Sandecka, V; Scudla, V; Spicka, I; Starostka, D; Straub, J; Walterova, L; Wrobel, M, 2013)	1.41
"Thalidomide has been the medication of choice for the control of ENL episodes since 1965."	( Prevention of repeated episodes of type 2 reaction of leprosy with the use of thalidomide 100 mg/day. Lastória, JC; Padovani, CR; Putinatti, MS, )	1.08
"Thalidomide has been utilized in the treatment of refractory bleeding because of gastrointestinal vascular malformations."	( Treatment of left ventricular assist device-associated arteriovenous malformations with thalidomide. Banerjee, D; Ha, R; Kale, PP; Ray, R, )	1.07
"Thalidomide has immunomodulatory and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α effects as well as antiangiogenic properties, making it useful for a broad spectrum of inflammatory disorders."	( Review of thalidomide use in the pediatric population. Antaya, RJ; Kim, C; Yang, CS, 2015)	1.54
"Thalidomide (Thal) has been used to treat multiple myeloma due to its inhibitory effects on IL-6-induced cell growth."	( Thalidomide prevents cigarette smoke extract-induced lung damage in mice. Nakamura, K; Nakano, T; Tabata, C; Tabata, R; Takahashi, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Thalidomide has shown protective effects in different models of ischemia/reperfusion damage. "	( Anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Farfán, DJ; Medrano, JÁN; Ortiz-Plata, A; Palencia, G; Sánchez, A; Sotelo, J; Trejo-Solís, C, 2015)	2.1
"Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenetic activity that makes it suitable for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). "	( The clinical implications of thalidomide in inflammatory bowel diseases. Bracci, F; Capriati, T; Corsetti, T; Diamanti, A; Elia, D; Knafelz, D; Papadatou, B; Torre, G, 2015)	2.15
"Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-angiogenic properties. "	( Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide dithiocarbamate and dithioate analogs. Agwa, HS; El-Sayed, W; Gamal-Eldeen, AM; Moawia, S; Talaat, R; Zahran, MA, 2015)	2.15
"Thalidomide has demonstrated clinical activity in various malignancies affecting immunomodulatory and angiogenic pathways. "	( Anticancer Properties of a Novel Class of Tetrafluorinated Thalidomide Analogues. Ambrozak, A; Barnett, S; Beedie, SL; Chau, CH; Figg, WD; Gardner, ER; Gütschow, M; Mahony, C; Peer, CJ; Pisle, S; Vargesson, N, 2015)	2.1
"Thalidomide has emerged as a promising medical strategy in angiodysplasia-related bleeding."	( Thalidomide in angiodysplasia-related bleeding. Boey, JP; Hahn, U; McRae, SJ; Sagheer, S, 2015)	2.58
"Thalidomide has been reported to cause numerous thromboembolic events. "	( Myocardial infarction, symptomatic third degree atrioventricular block and pulmonary embolism caused by thalidomide: a case report. Jin, X; Yang, J; Zhang, S, 2015)	2.07
"Thalidomide has been used to treat several inflammatory manifestations in CGD patients with good clinical results."	( Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis and Thalidomide in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Barber, I; Fernández-Polo, A; Fontecha, CG; Martín-Nalda, A; Martinez-Gallo, M; Roca, I; Soler-Palacin, P, 2016)	1.41
"Thalidomide has been successful use in patients with refractory Crohn disease (CD) in recent years."	( Thalidomide induces mucosal healing in postoperative Crohn disease endoscopic recurrence: Case report and literature review. Hu, H; Liu, S; Wang, X, 2016)	3.32
"Thalidomide has been reported for treatment of various malignancies."	( Anticancer effect of thalidomide in vitro on human osteosarcoma cells. Guo, Q; Liu, S; Liu, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Xu, H; Yang, Y; Zhang, G; Zhu, J, 2016)	1.47
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects."	( A phase II study of thalidomide in patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma. Bastholt, L; Larsen, S; Lindeløv, B; Vestermark, LW, 2008)	1.39
"Both thalidomide and atenolol have been reported to cause bradycardia."	( Syncope and sinus bradycardia from combined use of thalidomide and beta-blocker. Yamaguchi, T, 2008)	1.05
"Thalidomide has been shown to down-regulate the production of TNF-alpha."	( Two cases of bacterial meningitis accompanied by thalidomide therapy in patients with multiple myeloma: is thalidomide associated with bacterial meningitis? Altintas, A; Ayyildiz, O; Bayan, K; Cil, T; Danis, R; Pasa, S; Tuzun, Y; Urakci, Z; Ustun, C, 2009)	1.33
"Thalidomide has been reported to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) that are involved in the down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) induced by endotoxin. "	( Effect of thalidomide on endotoxin-induced decreases in activity and expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A2. Abe, F; Hasegawa, T; Kanazawa, H; Kondo, T; Miyamoto, K; Nadai, M; Saito, H; Takagi, K; Ueyama, J; Wakusawa, S; Zhao, YL, 2008)	2.19
"Thalidomide has been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects in pre-clinical models as well as a significant antitumor effect in hematologic tumors. "	( Effects of thalidomide on DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster with respect to angiogenesis. Ge, JP; Yang, Y; Zhou, ZT, 2009)	2.19
"Thalidomide has inhibitory effect against the malignant transformation of oral pre-cancerous lesion and angiogenesis during oral carcinogenesis. "	( Effects of thalidomide on DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster with respect to angiogenesis. Ge, JP; Yang, Y; Zhou, ZT, 2009)	2.19
"Thalidomide has been shown to exert its antitumor activity through the significant effects on microenvironment and immunomodulatory properties. "	( Thalidomide inhibits leukemia cell invasion and migration by upregulation of early growth response gene 1. Li, J; Liu, P; Lu, H; Xu, B, 2009)	3.24
"Thalidomide has been reported to be effective for these patients; however, high-dose thalidomide has induced many adverse events, including in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems in approximately 20%-50% of patients."	( A pharmacokinetic study evaluating the relationship between treatment efficacy and incidence of adverse events with thalidomide plasma concentrations in patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Abe, M; Iida, S; Kodama, T; Miyata, A; Murakami, H; Ozaki, S; Sakai, A; Sawamura, M; Shimazaki, C; Wakayama, T, 2009)	1.28
"Thalidomide has emerged as an effective agent for treating multiple myeloma, however the precise mechanism of action remains unknown. "	( Differential activities of thalidomide and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway inhibitors in multiple myeloma cells. Hohl, RJ; Holstein, SA; Tong, H, 2010)	2.1
"Thalidomide has been described as inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)."	( Phase I trial of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with oral capecitabine and thalidomide. Brossart, P; Gorschlüter, M; Hauser, S; Kim, Y; Kraemer, A; Müller, SC; Schmidt-Wolf, IG, 2009)	1.3
"Thalidomide has been shown to be anti-angiogenic via reduction of VEGF levels."	( Intravitreal thalidomide reduces experimental preretinal neovascularisation without induction of retinal toxicity. Erber, R; Hammes, HP; Jonas, JB; Kamppeter, BA; Vom Hagen, F, 2010)	1.45
"Thalidomide has been reported to clinically improve chronic inflammatory granulomatous disorders."	( Thalidomide prevents formation of multinucleated giant cells (Langhans-type cells) from cultured monocytes: possible pharmaceutical applications for granulomatous disorders. Kondo, Y; Manki, A; Morishima, T; Nagaoka, Y; Tsuge, M; Wada, T; Yashiro, M; Yasui, K, )	2.3
"Thalidomide has recently been shown to have significant antimyeloma activity."	( Initial cytoreductive treatment with thalidomide plus bolus vincristine/doxorubicin and reduced dexamethasone followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Jang, G; Jo, JC; Kang, BW; Kim, S; Kim, SW; Lee, DH; Lee, JS; Lee, SS; Suh, C; Sym, SJ, 2011)	1.36
"Thalidomide has changed the treatment paradigm of patients with MM."	( Immunomodulatory compounds (IMiDs) in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Hussein, M; Srkalovic, G, 2009)	1.07
"Thalidomide has been used in the treatment of refractory Crohn's disease (CD), but the therapeutic mechanism is not defined."	( Thalidomide inhibits inflammatory and angiogenic activation of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). Binion, DG; Nelson, VM; Otterson, MF; Rafiee, P; Shaker, R; Stein, DJ, 2010)	2.52
"Thalidomide has anti-angiogenic effect and also can inhibit cytokines, and therefore plays a certain role in the treatment of a subset of idiopathic myelofibrosis."	( [Advances in thalidomide therapy for idiopathic myelofibrosis]. Chen, JL; Song, L, 2009)	1.44
"Thalidomide has alternative mechanisms of action; it can be combined with dexamethasone or alkylating agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM); however, the optimal doses and appropriate intervals of thalidomide continue to be debated."	( Induction treatment with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase II study. Ahn, JS; Choi, YJ; Chung, JS; Joo, YD; Kim, HJ; Kim, YK; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, JL; Lee, WS; Moon, JH; Shin, HJ; Sohn, SK; Yang, DH, 2010)	2.07
"Thalidomide has received approval from the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients older than 65 years or ineligible for transplant. "	( Consensus guidelines for the optimal management of adverse events in newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible patients receiving melphalan and prednisone in combination with thalidomide (MPT) for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bladé, J; Davies, F; Delforge, M; Facon, T; Garcia Sanz, R; Kropff, M; Leal da Costa, F; Moreau, P; Morgan, G; Palumbo, A; Schey, S, 2010)	2
"Thalidomide analogues have been used as inhibitors of alpha glucosidase and could be potential drugs for diabetes treatment."	( Pharmacological properties of thalidomide and its analogues. Compagnone, R; De Sanctis, JB; Garmendia, J; Mijares, M; Moreno, D; Salazar-Bookaman, M; Suárez, A, 2010)	1.37
"Thalidomide has been reported to have anti-angiogenic and antimetastatic effects. "	( Effect of thalidomide dithiocarbamate analogs on the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Abdou, BY; Agwa, HS; Guirgis, AA; Mohamed, AS; Talaat, RM; Zahran, MA, 2010)	2.21
"Thalidomide has been shown to selectively inhibit TNF-α production."	( Intraperitoneal injection of thalidomide attenuates bone cancer pain and decreases spinal tumor necrosis factor-α expression in a mouse model. Gu, X; Ma, Z; Mei, F; Ren, B; Zhang, J; Zhang, R; Zheng, Y, 2010)	1.37
"Thalidomide has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "	( Phase II study of concomitant thalidomide during radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ch'ang, HJ; Chang, JS; Chang, YH; Chen, CH; Chen, LT; Hsu, C, 2012)	2.11
"Thalidomide has shown modest activity in advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). "	( Activity of thalidomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ang, SF; Choo, SP; Foo, KF; Ong, SY; Poon, DY; Tan, SH; Toh, HC, 2012)	2.2
"Thalidomide has a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activity. "	( Immunomodulatory properties of thalidomide analogs: pomalidomide and lenalidomide, experimental and therapeutic applications. Bodera, P; Stankiewicz, W, 2011)	2.1
"Thalidomide has reported efficacy in treating refractory idiopathic aphthous ulceration and aphthous ulceration in Behçet disease (BD). "	( Refractory aphthous ulceration treated with thalidomide: a report of 10 years' clinical experience. Cheng, S; Murphy, R, 2012)	2.08
"Thalidomide maintenance has the potential to modulate residual multiple myeloma (MM) after an initial response. "	( The role of maintenance thalidomide therapy in multiple myeloma: MRC Myeloma IX results and meta-analysis. Bell, SE; Brown, JM; Child, JA; Cook, G; Coy, NN; Davies, FE; Drayson, MT; Gregory, WM; Jackson, GH; Morgan, GJ; Owen, RG; Roddie, H; Ross, FM; Rudin, C; Russell, NH; Szubert, AJ, 2012)	2.13
"Thalidomide has potent antimyeloma activity, but no prospective, randomized controlled trial has evaluated thalidomide monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( Thalidomide versus dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma: results from OPTIMUM, a randomized trial. Avet-Loiseau, H; Baylon, HG; Bladé, J; Caravita, T; Facon, T; Glasmacher, A; Goranov, S; Hajek, R; Hillengass, J; Hulin, C; Kropff, M; Kueenburg, E; Liebisch, P; Lucy, L; Moehler, TM; Pattou, C; Robak, T; Zerbib, R, 2012)	3.26
"Thalidomide also has some activity in lower-risk MDS without del5q, but its side effects limit its practical use in these patients."	( Immunomodulating drugs in myelodysplastic syndromes. Adès, L; Fenaux, P, 2011)	1.09
"Thalidomide has been used to reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis in HCV-infected patients, but its impact on HCV replication remains unclear."	( Inhibition of IκB kinase by thalidomide increases hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Alfieri, C; Rance, E; Tanner, JE, 2012)	1.39
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antitumor activity in some patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "	( Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of thalidomide plus metronomic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cheng, AL; Hsiao, CH; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Huang, CC; Lee, KD; Lin, ZZ; Lu, YS; Shao, YY; Shen, YC, 2012)	2.08
"Thalidomide has been proven to be helpful and averted the adverse effects from systemic corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs in this patient."	( Propylthiouracil-induced ANCA-positive erythema nodosum treated with thalidomide. Hunasehally, RY; Shi, R; Wan, P; Zhao, X; Zheng, J, 2012)	1.33
"Thalidomide has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties. "	( Analysis of circulating angiogenic biomarkers from patients in two phase III trials in lung cancer of chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and thalidomide. Brown, NJ; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Tin, AW; Woll, PJ; Young, RJ, 2012)	2.02
"Thalidomide has proven to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. "	( Thalidomide attenuates mammary cancer associated-inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice. Alves Neves Diniz Ferreira, M; Cândida Araújo E Silva, A; da Silva Vieira, T; Dantas Cassali, G; Fonseca de Carvalho, L; Maria de Souza, C; Passos Andrade, S; Teresa Paz Lopes, M, 2012)	3.26
"Thalidomide has already been proven to differentially regulate immune responses and support anti-apoptosis in immunodeficiency syndromes."	( Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory properties in neonatal immune cells. Faust, K; Härtel, C; Puzik, A; Thiel, A, 2013)	2.55
"Thalidomide has various effects, such as immune modulation, anti-angiogenicity, anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation. "	( Attenuation of nephritis in lupus-prone mice by thalidomide. Choi, KH; Kim, BS; Lee, SK; Lee, SW; Park, KH; Park, YB; Yang, J, 2012)	2.08
"Thalidomide monotherapy has demonstrated consistent results in the treatment of advanced multiple myeloma. "	( Predictive factors of survival after thalidomide therapy in advanced multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up of a prospective multicenter nonrandomized phase II study in 120 patients. Attal, M; Bellissant, E; Decaux, O; Facon, T; Grosbois, B; Moreau, P; Pegourie, B; Renault, A; Sébille, V; Tiab, M; Voillat, L; Zerbib, R, 2012)	2.09
"Thalidomide monotherapy has demonstrated consistent results in the treatment of advanced multiple myeloma."	( Predictive factors of survival after thalidomide therapy in advanced multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up of a prospective multicenter nonrandomized phase II study in 120 patients. Attal, M; Bellissant, E; Decaux, O; Facon, T; Grosbois, B; Moreau, P; Pegourie, B; Renault, A; Sébille, V; Tiab, M; Voillat, L; Zerbib, R, 2012)	2.09
"Thalidomide has proven its efficacy in refractory cutaneous lupus disease, although it is not exempt from significant side effects and frequent relapses after withdrawal."	( Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide for refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ávila, G; Cortés-Hernández, J; Ordi-Ros, J; Vilardell-Tarrés, M, 2012)	1.1
"Thalidomide has a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TNF-α, which plays role in Aβ neurotoxicity."	( Thalidomide attenuates learning and memory deficits induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin in rats. Alan, S; Elçioğlu, H; Kabasakal, L; Karan, M; Salva, E; Tufan, F, 2013)	2.55
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties and is an effective inhibitor of TNF-alpha."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Rajkumar, SV, 2001)	2.47
"Thalidomide therapy has been shown to modify granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. "	( Thalidomide for chronic sarcoidosis. Baughman, RP; Judson, MA; Lower, EE; Moller, DR; Teirstein, AS, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide has proven activity in refractory multiple myeloma (MM), and although single-agent thalidomide has minimal prothrombogenic activity, its combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy is associated with a significantly increased risk of DVT."	( Thrombogenic activity of doxorubicin in myeloma patients receiving thalidomide: implications for therapy. Anaissie, E; Barlogie, B; Fassas, A; Fink, L; Morris, C; Saghafifar, F; Siegel, E; Tricot, G; Zangari, M, 2002)	1.27
"Thalidomide has shown excellent results in the treatment of multiple myeloma probably due to its anti-angiogenic activity."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome with fibrosis. Apostolidis, P; Dervenoulas, J; Kontopidou, F; Rontogianni, D; Tsirigotis, P; Venetis, E, 2002)	2.48
"Thalidomide has been reported to yield anti-tumor activity in cancer. "	( Phase II trial of thalidomide in renal-cell carcinoma. Angevin, E; Couanet, D; Dupouy, N; Escudier, B; Garofano, A; Laplanche, A; Lassau, N; Leborgne, S; Leboulaire, C; Mesrati, F, 2002)	2.09
"Thalidomide has various immunomodulatory effects."	( [Thalidomide: new uses for an old drug]. Sonneveld, P; Wu, KL, 2002)	1.95
"Thalidomide has antitumour activity in refractory multiple myeloma."	( [Thalidomide in the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma: a Dutch study of 72 patients: an antitumor effect in 45%]. Lokhorst, HM; Schaafsma, MR; Sonneveld, P; van der Holt, B; Wijermans, PW; Wu, KL, 2002)	2.67
"Thalidomide has been used to treat ENL since the 1960s."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of leprosy. Kook, KA; Resztak, KE; Scheffler, MA; Stirling, DI; Teo, S; Thomas, SD; Zeldis, JB, 2002)	2.48
"Thalidomide has shown efficacy in relapsed or refractory patients of multiple myeloma (MM). "	( The adverse effects of thalidomide in relapsed and refractory patients of multiple myeloma. Grover, JK; Raina, V; Uppal, G, 2002)	2.07
"Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory properties and selectively inhibits TNF."	( Preclinical and clinical assessment of the safety and potential efficacy of thalidomide in heart failure. Agoston, I; Bozkurt, B; Dibbs, ZI; Mann, DL; Muller, G; Wang, F; Zeldis, JB, 2002)	1.27
"Thalidomide has been used in several diseases (i.e."	( Thalidomide: focus on its employment in rheumatologic diseases. Cassarà, EA; Ossandon, A; Priori, R; Valesini, G, )	2.3
"Thalidomide has been shown to have both antiinflammatory and antiangiogenic effects in several diseases. "	( Thalidomide suppresses the interleukin 1beta-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway in colon cancer cells. Han, DS; Jin, SH; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Shin, SK, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide has no effect on tumor growth, but is also associated with increased VEGF and p53 expression."	( Vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody inhibits growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer xenografts in nude mice. Bauer, AJ; Doniparthi, NK; Francis, GL; Patel, A; Ringel, MD; Saji, M; Terrell, R; Tuttle, RM, 2002)	1.04
"Thalidomide has been used in the treatment of many dermatological disorders. "	( The potential efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of recalcitrant alopecia areata. Namazi, MR, 2003)	2.06
"Thalidomide has been found to be effective for relapsed or refractory myeloma and, more recently, also as induction therapy."	( Pharmacotherapy of multiple myeloma: an economic perspective. Messori, A; Santarlasci, B; Trippoli, S, 2003)	1.04
"Thalidomide has significant activity in early-stage myeloma and has the potential to delay progression to symptomatic disease."	( Thalidomide as initial therapy for early-stage myeloma. Dispenzieri, A; Fonseca, R; Gertz, MA; Geyer, SM; Greipp, PR; Iturria, N; Kumar, S; Kyle, RA; Lacy, MQ; Lust, JA; Rajkumar, SV; Witzig, TE, 2003)	2.48
"Thalidomide (Thal) has been successfully used in such situations and it's use has also been expanded to the up-front therapy and as adjuvant to stem cell transplantation."	( Advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma: the role of thalidomide. Colleoni, GW; Ribas, C, 2003)	1.28
"Thalidomide has recently shown considerable promise in the treatment of a number of conditions, such as leprosy and cancer. "	( Immunological effects of thalidomide and its chemical and functional analogs. Dalgleish, AG; Dredge, K; Marriott, JB, 2002)	2.06
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic properties and was found to be effective in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) when used in the setting of posttransplantation relapse. "	( Thalidomide and deep vein thrombosis in multiple myeloma: risk factors and effect on survival. Barlogie, B; Eddleman, P; Fassas, A; Fink, L; Jacobson, J; Lee, CK; Talamo, G; Thertulien, R; Tricot, G; Van Rhee, F; Zangari, M, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide has hypnosedative, antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. "	( Dermatologic and nondermatologic uses of thalidomide. Cheigh, NH; Micali, G; Nasca, MR; West, DP; West, LE, 2003)	2.03
"Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha and anti-collagen activities. "	( Thalidomide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis in the rat. Fernández-Martínez, E; García, J; Lara-Ochoa, F; Muriel, P; Pérez-Alvarez, V; Ponce, S; Shibayama, M; Tsutsumi, V, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide, (1), has made a remarkable comeback from its days of a sedative with teratogenic properties due to its ability to selectively inhibit TNF-alpha, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine and its clinical benefit in the treatment of cancer. "	( Alpha-fluoro-substituted thalidomide analogues. Corral, LG; Man, HW; Muller, GW; Stirling, DI, 2003)	2.07
"Thalidomide has significant neurotoxicity and its efficacy was not confirmed in recent studies."	( Renal cell carcinoma: novel treatments for advanced disease. Heinzer, H; Huland, E, 2003)	1.04
"Thalidomide has demonstrated significant activity in both resistant and previously untreated multiple myeloma. "	( Thalidomide and its derivatives: new promise for multiple myeloma. Weber, D, )	3.02
"(2) Thalidomide has been granted temporary authorization in France for patients with multiple myeloma who have no other therapeutic option."	( Thalidomide: new indication. A last resort in myeloma. , 2003)	2.24
"Thalidomide has previously been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties. "	( Thalidomide is anti-angiogenic in a xenograft model of neuroblastoma. Beck, L; Frischer, JS; Huang, J; Kadenhe-Chiweshe, A; Kaicker, S; Kandel, JJ; McCrudden, KW; New, T; Serur, A; Yamashiro, DJ; Yokoi, A, 2003)	3.2
"Thalidomide has demonstrated significant activity in both resistant and previously untreated multiple myeloma. "	( Treatment of plasma cell dyscrasias with thalidomide and its derivatives. Anagnostopoulos, A; Dimopoulos, MA; Weber, D, 2003)	2.03
"Thalidomide has recently shown significant antimyeloma activity."	( Primary treatment of multiple myeloma with thalidomide, vincristine, liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone (T-VAD doxil): a phase II multicenter study. Anagnostopoulos, A; Dimopoulos, MA; Hatzicharissi, E; Korantzis, J; Maniatis, A; Mitsouli, Ch; Panagiotidis, P; Papaioannou, M; Tzilianos, M; Zervas, K, 2004)	1.31
"Thalidomide has several targets and mechanisms of action: a hypnosedative effect, several immunomodulatory properties with an effect on the production of TNF-alpha and the balance between the different lymphocyte subsets and an antiangiogenic action. "	( Thalidomide: an old drug with new clinical applications. Laffitte, E; Revuz, J, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide recently has been proven to have an impact on plasma cell dyscrasia through multiple mechanisms. "	( Thalidomide effects in the post-transplantation setting in patients with multiple myeloma. Byrnes, JJ; Fernandez, HF; Goodman, M; Santos, ES, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulating and antiangiogeneic properties but the mechanism of its action is not yet completely understood."	( [Multiple myeloma: the role of angiogenesis and therapeutic application of thalidomide]. Jurczyszyn, A; Skotnicki, AB; Wolska-Smoleń, T, 2003)	1.27
"Thalidomide has shown promise in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and relapsed/refractory disease, but side effects such as somnolence, constipation, and neuropathy limit its use. "	( The role of immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma. Anderson, KC, 2003)	1.76
"Thalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with multiple myeloma. "	( Thalidomide for patients with recurrent lymphoma. Albitar, M; Cabanillas, F; Clemons, M; Dang, NH; Hagemeister, FB; McLaughlin, P; Pro, B; Rodriguez, MA; Romaguera, J; Samaniego, F; Younes, A, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide has multiple actions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic ones."	( [Thalidomide--new prospective therapy in oncology]. Pałgan, I; Pałgan, K, 2003)	1.95
"Thalidomide has been found to exhibit weak nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibitory activity. "	( Thalidomide as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and its structural development. Hashimoto, Y; Miyachi, H; Sano, H; Shimazawa, R; Tanatani, A, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide has been reported to have anti-AML activity and appears to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB)."	( Thalidomide is highly effective in a patient with meningeal acute myeloid leukaemia. Baird, R; Duddy, J; Iveson, A; Rassam, SM; van Zyl-Smit, RN, 2004)	2.49
"Thalidomide has been shown to be an effective treatment in various immunologic diseases such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. "	( Thalidomide induces apoptosis in human monocytes by using a cytochrome c-dependent pathway. Domschke, W; Gockel, HR; Heidemann, J; Kucharzik, T; Lügering, A; Lügering, N; Schmidt, M, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide which has antiangiogenic effects and direct cytotoxic effects was found to be effective in multiple myeloma and is considered as an established treatment modality for patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma."	( Antiangiogenic therapy in hematologic malignancies. Goldschmidt, H; Hillengass, J; Ho, AD; Moehler, TM, 2004)	1.04
"Thalidomide has demonstrated a remarkable efficacy in the treatment of multiple myeloma but its use may cause several toxicities. "	( Common and rare side-effects of low-dose thalidomide in multiple myeloma: focus on the dose-minimizing peripheral neuropathy. Brunori, M; Candela, M; Capelli, D; Catarini, M; Corvatta, L; Leoni, P; Malerba, L; Marconi, M; Mele, A; Montanari, M; Offidani, M; Olivieri, A; Rupoli, S, 2004)	2.03
"Thalidomide has recently been recognized as an effective new agent for previously untreated, refractory or relapsed myeloma."	( Low-dose thalidomide for multiple myeloma: interim analysis of a compassionate use program. Gastl, G; Mitterer, M; Spizzo, G; Steurer, M, 2004)	1.46
"Thalidomide has shown great promise in advanced or refractory multiple myeloma either alone or in combination with other agents."	( The promise of thalidomide: evolving indications. Joglekar, S; Levin, M, 2004)	1.4
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects, mediated by several cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblastic growth factor (FGF-2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). "	( Response to thalidomide in multiple myeloma: impact of angiogenic factors. Arenillas, L; Aymerich, M; Bladé, J; Cibeira, MT; Cid, MC; Esteve, J; Filella, X; Montserrat, E; Rosiñol, L; Rozman, M; Segarra, M, 2004)	2.15
"Thalidomide has been shown to be effective in approximately 30% of patients with refractory or advanced multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Possible multiple myeloma dedifferentiation following thalidomide therapy: a report of four cases. Balleari, E; Falcone, A; Ghio, R; Musto, P, 2004)	2.01
"s-Thalidomide has proven efficacy in multiple myeloma. "	( s-thalidomide has a greater effect on apoptosis than angiogenesis in a multiple myeloma cell line. Chaplin, T; Joel, SP; Liu, WM; Malpas, JS; Propper, DJ; Shahin, S; Strauss, SJ; Young, BD, 2004)	1.77
"Thalidomide has already become part of standard therapy for the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma."	( Thalidomid: current role in the treatment of non-plasma cell malignancies. Kumar, S; Rajkumar, SV; Witzig, TE, 2004)	1.04
"Thalidomide has demonstrated clinical activity in various malignancies including androgen-independent prostate cancer. "	( Antitumor effects of thalidomide analogs in human prostate cancer xenografts implanted in immunodeficient mice. Eger, K; Figg, WD; Gütschow, M; MacPherson, GR; Ng, SS, 2004)	2.09
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects, including the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha."	( [A case of advanced pancreatic cancer with remarkable response to thalidomide, celecoxib and gemcitabine]. Hada, M; Mizutari, K, 2004)	1.28
"Thalidomide-based therapy has the potential to produce durable responses in MMM-associated cytopenias, even after discontinuation of the drug."	( Durable responses to thalidomide-based drug therapy for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Elliott, MA; Mesa, RA; Schroeder, G; Tefferi, A, 2004)	1.36
"Thalidomide has long been recognized as an antiangiogenic molecule."	( Thalidomide and analogues: current proposed mechanisms and therapeutic usage. Brennen, WN; Brown, ML; Capitosti, S; Cooper, CR; Sikes, RA, 2004)	2.49
"Thalidomide has re-emerged as a novel antineoplastic agent with immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic activities. "	( Management of thalidomide toxicity. Ghobrial, IM; Rajkumar, SV, )	1.93
"Thalidomide has shown to inhibit, selectively and mainly the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), thus, thalidomide has inhibitory consequences on other cytokines; this is ascribed as an immunomodulatory effect. "	( Immunomodulatory effects of thalidomide analogs on LPS-induced plasma and hepatic cytokines in the rat. Fernández-Martínez, E; Morales-Ríos, MS; Muriel, P; Pérez-Alvarez, V, 2004)	2.06
"Thalidomide has a variety of biological effects that vary considerably according to the species tested. "	( Thalidomide pharmacokinetics and metabolite formation in mice, rabbits, and multiple myeloma patients. Baguley, BC; Browett, P; Ching, LM; Chung, F; Kestell, P; Lu, J; Palmer, BD; Tingle, M, 2004)	3.21
"Thalidomide has been proved to play an important role in rescue treatment of patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Aminoglycoside-associated severe renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide. Bladé, J; Bosch, F; Montagut, C; Rosiñol, L; Villela, L, 2004)	1.99
"Thalidomide has anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory activity, exhibiting antitumour effects in patients with multiple myeloma and, more rarely, in several other solid tumours. "	( Phase II study of thalidomide in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancela, AI; Costa, TD; Di Leone, LP; Fernandes, S; Reiriz, AB; Richter, MF; Schwartsmann, G, 2004)	2.1
"Thalidomide has been associated with venous thrombotic events, as reported in the post-marketing surveillance reports by Celgene Corporation; as well as case reports in the literature. "	( Arterial thrombosis in four patients treated with thalidomide. Brown, K; Chanan-Khan, A; Hahn, T; McCarthy, PL; Paplham, P; Roy, H; Scarpace, SL; van Besien, K, 2005)	2.02
"Thalidomide has been shown in vitro to reduce antigen- or mitogen-activated macrophage production of TNF-alpha."	( Effects of thalidomide on intracellular Mycobacterium leprae in normal and activated macrophages. Shannon, EJ; Tadesse, A, 2005)	1.44
"Thalidomide has been demonstrated to suppress tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release, which may be important at both the initial and chronic phases of the inflammation of sarcoidosis and appears to be crucial as part of the initial granulomatous response."	( Newer therapies for cutaneous sarcoidosis: the role of thalidomide and other agents. Baughman, RP; Lower, EE, 2004)	1.29
"Thalidomide has gained an infamous history due to severe birth defects observed in patients who had taken the drug to control nausea during pregnancy. "	( Complete resolution of generalized lichen planus after treatment with thalidomide. Angel, TA; Hsu, S; Krishnan, RS; Maender, JL, )	1.81
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties and has recently been used in the management of human malignancies. "	( Thalidomide and immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of cancer. Bamias, A; Dimopoulos, MA, 2005)	3.21
"Thalidomide has been reported to yield anti-tumor activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). "	( Application of thalidomide/interleukin-2 in immunochemotherapy-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Hegele, A; Heidenreich, A; Hofmann, R; Ohlmann, CH; Olbert, P; Schrader, AJ; Varga, Z; von Knobloch, R, 2005)	2.12
"Thalidomide has several mechanisms of action: a hypnosedative effect, several immuno-modulatory properties and an anti-angiogenic action. "	( [Thalidomide: new indications for an old drug]. Laffitte, E, 2005)	2.68
"Thalidomide has undergone resurgence in the treatment of specific malignancies. "	( Effect of thalidomide on colorectal cancer liver metastases in CBA mice. Christophi, C; Daruwalla, J; Malcontenti-Wilson, C; Muralidharan, V; Nikfarjam, M, 2005)	2.17
"Thalidomide has been reported as efficacious in refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). "	( Long-term thalidomide use in refractory cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus: a 65 series of Brazilian patients. Cardoso, CR; Coelho, A; de Souza Papi, JA; Salgado, DR; Schmal, TR; Souto, MI; Waddington Cruz, M, 2005)	2.17
"Thalidomide has been shown to be effective in previously untreated patients as monotherapy (36% remission), although greater remission is seen in combination therapy, for example, thalidomide with dexamethasone (72% remission)."	( The future role of thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Attal, M; Blade, J; Boccadoro, M; Palumbo, A, 2005)	1.38
"Thalidomide has no activity in patients with advanced or recurrent gynecologic sarcomas and was not well-tolerated. "	( Phase II trial of thalidomide for advanced and recurrent gynecologic sarcoma: a brief communication from the New York Phase II consortium. Blank, SV; Christos, P; Fields, AL; Goldberg, GL; Murgo, A; Runowicz, CD; Timmins, P; Wadler, S; Yi-Shin Kuo, D, 2006)	2.11
"Thalidomide has proven useful for patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the skin and/or bone."	( Drug therapy for the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. McClain, KL, 2005)	1.05
"Thalidomide has been used to treat a variety of diseases ranging from alleviation of autoimmune disorders to prevention of metastasis of cancers. "	( Suppression of urokinase receptor expression by thalidomide is associated with inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB activation and subsequently suppressed ovarian cancer dissemination. Haruta, S; Inagaki, K; Kanayama, N; Kawaguchi, R; Kitanaka, T; Kobayashi, H; Kondo, T; Kurita, N; Sakamoto, Y; Terao, T; Yagyu, T; Yamada, Y, 2005)	2.03
"Thalidomide has demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological and immunological effects, with potential therapeutic applications that span a wide spectrum of diseases: cancer and related conditions; infectious diseases; autoimmune diseases; dermatological diseases; and other disorders such as sarcoidosis, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. "	( Current therapeutic uses of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma. Anderson, KC; Hideshima, T; Richardson, PG, 2006)	1.78
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects, including the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha."	( [A case report of unresectable gallbladder cancer that responded remarkably to the combination of thalidomide, celecoxib, and gemcitabine]. Hada, M; Horiuchi, T; Shinji, H, 2006)	1.27
"Thalidomide has changed the treatment paradigm for patients with myeloma."	( Immunomodulatory analogues of thalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Hussein, MA; Srkalovic, JG; Suppiah, R, 2006)	1.34
"Thalidomide, which has anti-angiogenetic activity, has a 30-40% response rate, and the combination of thalidomide and dexamethasone has a 40-50% response rate."	( [New treatment strategy of multiple myeloma for cure]. Handa, H; Murakami, H, 2006)	1.06
"Thalidomide has gained renewed interest as a cancer therapeutic due to its potential antiangiogenic effects. "	( Importance of the stress kinase p38alpha in mediating the direct cytotoxic effects of the thalidomide analogue, CPS49, in cancer cells and endothelial cells. Dennis, PA; Figg, WD; Lepper, ER; Warfel, NA; Zhang, C, 2006)	2
"Thalidomide has been shown to inhibit production of TNF-alpha."	( Low-dose thalidomide in combination with oral fludarabine and cyclophosphamide is ineffective in heavily pre-treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chiusolo, P; De Padua, L; Efremov, DG; Garzia, M; Laurenti, L; Leone, G; Piccioni, P; Piccirillo, N; Sica, S; Tarnani, M, 2007)	1.48
"Thalidomide has shown promise for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. "	( Thalidomide therapy in adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. A North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II trial. Alberts, SR; Colon-Otero, G; Geyer, SM; Hoering, A; Li, CY; Menke, DM; Moreno-Aspitia, A; Niedringhaus, RD; Tefferi, A; Vukov, A, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide has been shown to decrease this inflammation by the suppression of TNF-alpha secretion."	( Preparation and in vitro analysis of microcapsule thalidomide formulation for targeted suppression of TNF-alpha. Amre, D; Chen, H; Das, SK; Haque, T; Metz, T; Prakash, S, )	1.11
"Thalidomide has been demonstrated to be active as a first-line and salvage therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. "	( The role of thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Jagannath, S; Schwab, C, 2006)	2.16
"Thalidomide has been reported as an effective treatment in at least 200 cases of severe DLE."	( [Thalidomide therapy for discoid lupus erythematosus]. Baum, S; Lyakhovisky, A; Salomon, M; Shpiro, D; Trau, H, 2006)	1.97
"Thalidomide has broad anticytokine properties, which might protect normal tissues in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. "	( Assessing the ability of the antiangiogenic and anticytokine agent thalidomide to modulate radiation-induced lung injury. Anscher, MS; Clough, R; Crawford, J; Dewhirst, MW; Dunphy, F; Garst, J; Herndon, JE; Larrier, N; Marino, C; Marks, LB; Shafman, TD; Vujaskovic, Z; Zhou, S, 2006)	2.01
"As thalidomide has become an accepted component in therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma, careful attention must be paid to the prevention of thrombosis."	( [Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide and dexamethasone]. Handa, H; Irisawa, H; Karasawa, M; Matsushima, T; Miyazawa, Y; Murakami, H; Nojima, Y; Saitoh, T; Tsukamoto, N; Uchiumi, H, 2006)	1.07
"Thalidomide may have been corticosteroid-sparing in a subgroup of these patients."	( The effect of thalidomide on corticosteroid-dependent pulmonary sarcoidosis. Byars, T; Cox, CE; Hartung, C; Judson, MA; Silvestri, J, 2006)	1.42
"Thalidomide has been seen efficacious in the treatment of cutaneous disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in mucocutaneous disease in Behcet's disease with a not dose-dependent response, even if it should be restricted to selected patients because of its important side effects."	( [Thalidomide in treatment of connective diseases and vasculities]. Cantatore, FP; Maruotti, N; Ribatti, D, )	1.76
"Thalidomide has been registered in the USA in combination with dexamethasone in newly diagnosed patients, but is not yet registered in the European Union."	( Thalidomide in multiple myeloma: past, present and future. Harousseau, JL, 2006)	2.5
"Thalidomide has been used for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma, the dosage in Japan is lower than in other countries; however, there is little information on the pharmacokinetics and their relationship with the drug response. "	( The pharmacokinetics of low-dose thalidomide in Japanese patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Asaoku, H; Ikawa, K; Iwato, K; Kamikawa, R; Morikawa, N; Sasaki, A, 2006)	2.06
"Thalidomide has recently shown to improve LVEF in chronic heart failure patients, accompanied by a marked decrease in plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)."	( Effects of thalidomide treatment in heart failure patients. Arrieta-Rodríguez, O; Asensio-Lafuente, E; Castillo-Martínez, L; Dorantes-García, J; Granados-Arriola, J; Orea-Tejeda, A; Rodríguez-Reyna, T, 2007)	1.45
"Thalidomide has been reported to have antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. "	( A novel anticancer effect of thalidomide: inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1-mediated cell invasion and metastasis through suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB. Chen, CC; Lin, YC; Shun, CT; Wu, MS, 2006)	2.07
"Thalidomide (Thal) has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory activity. "	( Thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Glasmacher, A; Goldschmidt, H; Hillengass, J; Moehler, TM, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide (Thal) has been used for a few years as salvage treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Prognostic factors for the efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a clinical study of 110 patients in China. Chen, Y; Fu, W; Hou, J; Li, Y; Tao, Z; Wang, D; Yuan, Z, 2006)	2.05
"Thalidomide has direct antimyeloma and immunomodulatory effects. "	( Final report of toxicity and efficacy of a phase II study of oral cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and prednisone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A Hoosier Oncology Group Trial, HEM01-21. Abonour, R; Ansari, RH; Cripe, LD; Fausel, C; Fisher, WB; Juliar, BE; Smith, GG; Suvannasankha, A; Wood, LL; Yiannoutsos, CT, 2007)	2.01
"Thalidomide has been reported to have antitumor activity for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "	( Thalidomide for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study. Bang, SM; Cho, EK; Han, SH; Kim, JH; Kim, KK; Kim, SS; Kwon, OS; Kwon, SY; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, JN; Nam, E; Park, SH; Park, YH; Shin, DB, 2006)	3.22
"Thalidomide has been shown to be a highly effective drug for the treatment of ENL."	( Double-blind trial of the efficacy of pentoxifylline vs thalidomide for the treatment of type II reaction in leprosy. de Matos, HJ; Duppre, NC; Nery, JA; Sales, AM; Sampaio, EP; Sarno, EN, 2007)	1.31
"Thalidomide has several mechanisms of action: several immuno-modulatory properties, an anti-angiogenic action and a hypnosedative effect. "	( [The revival of thalidomide: an old drug with new indications]. Laffitte, E, 2006)	2.12
"Thalidomide has been shown to be an effective treatment in Crohn's disease."	( Thalidomide in luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease resistant to standard therapies. Kamm, MA; Ng, SC; Plamondon, S, 2007)	3.23
"Thalidomide has been extensively studied alone and in combination in patients with relapsed myeloma, demonstrating substantial efficacy, and is therefore widely used in this setting."	( The emerging role of novel therapies for the treatment of relapsed myeloma. Anderson, KC; Hideshima, T; Mitsiades, C; Richardson, PG, 2007)	1.06
"Thalidomide has been reported to downregulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-12, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hallmarks of intestinal inflammation in Crohnos disease (CD)."	( Therapeutic and prophylactic thalidomide in TNBS-induced colitis: synergistic effects on TNF-alpha, IL-12 and VEGF production. Carneiro, AJ; Carvalho, AT; Carvalho, J; Castelo-Branco, M; Dines, I; Elia, C; Madi, K; Pereira Junior, FA; Pereira, MG; Rocha, E; Schanaider, A; Silv, F; Souza, H; Tortori, C, 2007)	1.35
"Thalidomide (Thal) has been used in the treatment of multiple myeloma through the inhibitory effect on IL-6-dependent cell growth and angiogenesis."	( Thalidomide prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Hisamori, S; Kadokawa, Y; Kubo, H; Mishima, M; Nakano, T; Tabata, C; Tabata, R; Takahashi, M, 2007)	2.5
"Thalidomide has been used as a salvage regimen at the study institution since 1999. "	( Time to first disease progression, but not beta2-microglobulin, predicts outcome in myeloma patients who receive thalidomide as salvage therapy. Ambrosini, MT; Avonto, I; Boccadoro, M; Bringhen, S; Bruno, B; Caravita, T; Cavallo, F; Falco, P; Gay, F; Palumbo, A, 2007)	1.99
"Thalidomide has been shown to decrease the secretion of TNF from phagocytic cells, therefore suppression of TNF and IL-1 production from activated phagocytic cells might be a successful treatment modality for prevention of systemic inflammatory response following severe burn."	( Thalidomide decreases the plasma levels of IL-1 and TNF following burn injury: is it a new drug for modulation of systemic inflammatory response. Eski, M; Ifran, A; Sahin, I; Sengezer, M; Serdar, M, 2008)	2.51
"Thalidomide has a potent immunomodulatory property and has now a number of approved and off-label uses in dermatologic, oncologic, infectious and gastrointestinal conditions."	( New cases of thalidomide embryopathy in Brazil. Castilla, EE; de Sousa, AC; Luna, E; Maximino, C; Schuler-Faccini, L; Schwartz, IV; Soares, RC; Waldman, C, 2007)	1.43
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties and has recently been used in the management of human malignancies. "	( A retrospective analysis of thalidomide therapy in non-HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Ben M'barek, L; Biet, I; Fardet, L; Kérob, D; Lebbe, C; Mebazaa, A; Morel, P; Thervet, E, 2007)	2.08
"Thalidomide maintenance has unresolved issues regarding dosage and toxicity. "	( Thalidomide maintenance following high-dose therapy in multiple myeloma: a UK myeloma forum phase 2 study. Cocks, K; Feyler, S; Jackson, G; Johnson, RJ; Rawstron, A; Snowden, JA, 2007)	3.23
"Thalidomide has been identified and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties clarified. "	( Thalidomide for treatment of intestinal involvement of juvenile-onset Behçet disease. Akazawa, Y; Amano, Y; Minami, I; Nakamura, S; Uchida, N; Yamazaki, T; Yasui, K, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide has been determined in formulations and, principally in biological fluids by a variety of methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry."	( Recent advances in analytical determination of thalidomide and its metabolites. Bosch, ME; Ojeda, CB; Rojas, FS; Sánchez, AJ, 2008)	1.32
"Thalidomide has become an important agent in the treatment of myeloma. "	( Thalidomide induced impotence in male hematology patients: a common but ignored complication? Murphy, PT; O'Donnell, JR, 2007)	3.23
"Thalidomide has been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH)."	( Non-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in multiple myeloma, after thalidomide treatment: a pilot study. Barbetakis, N; Bischiniotis, T; Lafaras, C; Mandala, E; Platogiannis, D; Verrou, E; Zervas, K, 2008)	1.3
"Thalidomide has been used as a treatment for various human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated and non-HIV-associated illnesses, generally in cases in which inflammatory disease is refractory to standard therapy. "	( Thalidomide treatment for refractory HIV-associated colitis: a case series. Hay, PE; Jarvis, JN; Johnson, L; Wilkins, EG, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide has been estimated as a useful drug in therapy of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma. "	( Low-dose thalidomide regimens in therapy of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Adam, Z; Bacovsky, J; Gregora, E; Minarik, J; Pavlicek, P; Pika, T; Pour, L; Scudla, V; Zemanova, M, 2008)	2.21
"Thalidomide has shown anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive actions in several animal models."	( Thalidomide for autoimmune disease. Hendler, SS; McCarty, MF, 1983)	2.43
"Thalidomide has been advocated as the treatment of choice for recalcitrant aphthae. "	( Thalidomide-resistant HIV-associated aphthae successfully treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Kostman, JR; Manders, SM; Mendez, L; Russin, VL, 1995)	3.18
"Thalidomide has been reported to be an effective agent for treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (CGVHD). "	( Thalidomide as salvage therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blume, KG; Chao, N; Forman, SJ; Kashyap, A; Long, GD; Margolin, K; Molina, A; Nademanee, A; Negrin, RS; Niland, JC; O'Donnell, MR; Parker, PM; Planas, I; Schmidt, GM; Smith, EP; Snyder, DS; Somlo, G; Spielberger, R; Stein, AS; Stepan, DE; Wilsman, K; Zwingenberger, K, 1995)	3.18
"Thalidomide has been reported to be effective in treating graft-versus-host disease, a condition with many clinical and pathological similarities to primary biliary cirrhosis. "	( Thalidomide as therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis: a double-blind placebo controlled pilot study. Burroughs, AK; Epstein, O; McCormick, PA; McIntyre, N; Scheuer, PJ; Scott, F, 1994)	3.17
"Thalidomide has recently been shown to antagonize basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the rat corneal micropocket assay. "	( The effect of thalidomide on experimental tumors and metastases. Clow, KA; Fryer, KH; Hayes, MM; Minchinton, AI; Wendt, KR, 1996)	2.1
"Thalidomide, which has a long history of tragedy because of its ability to cause severe birth defects, is very effective in alleviating erythema nodosum leprosum in leprosy patients and aphthous ulcers in AIDS patients. "	( Immunomodulatory assays to study structure-activity relationships of thalidomide. Morales, MJ; Sandoval, F; Shannon, EJ, 1997)	1.97
"Thalidomide has been shown to lead to a high rate of autism when exposure occurs during the 20th to 24th d of gestation. "	( Linking etiologies in humans and animal models: studies of autism. Croog, VJ; Ingram, JL; Rodier, PM; Tisdale, B, )	1.57
"Thalidomide has been reported to be an effective agent for the treatment of chronic graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). "	( Paradoxical effect of thalidomide prophylaxis on chronic graft-vs.-host disease. Blume, KG; Chao, NJ; Dagis, A; Forman, SJ; Gould, KA; Hu, WW; Long, GD; Nademanee, AP; Negrin, RS; Niland, JC; Parker, PM; Snyder, DS; Tierney, DK; Wong, RM; Zwingenberger, K, 1996)	2.05
"Thalidomide therapy has been shown to cause increases in body weight in patients with HIV and tuberculosis infections. "	( The metabolic and immunologic effects of short-term thalidomide treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Diakun, J; Freedman, VH; Haslett, P; Hempstead, M; Kaplan, G; Seidman, C; Vasquez, D, 1997)	1.99
"That thalidomide has activity in this model suggests that an inflammatory process may be involved in the induction of lesions by MPTP in DAergic neurons."	( Thalidomide reduces MPTP-induced decrease in striatal dopamine levels in mice. Boireau, A; Bordier, F; Dubédat, P; Impérato, A; Pény, C, 1997)	2.19
"Thalidomide (Thd) has been shown to have interesting immunosuppressive properties and strong action against TNF-alpha. "	( In vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive potential of thalidomide and its derivative, N-hydroxythalidomide, alone and in combination with cyclosporin A. Chuong, PH; Claude, JR; Galons, H; Huynh-Thien, D; Righenzi, S; Voisin, J; Warnet, JM; Zhu, J, 1997)	1.99
"Thalidomide has been shown to selectively inhibit TNF-alpha production in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes. "	( Thalidomide protects mice against LPS-induced shock. Kaplan, G; Moreira, AL; Sarno, EN; Wang, J, 1997)	3.18
"Thalidomide has been described as an inhibitor of both angiogenesis (which may account for its teratogenic effects on limb bud formation) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. "	( The effect of thalidomide and 2 analogs on collagen induced arthritis. Banquerigo, ML; Brahn, E; Cheng, TP; Oliver, SJ, 1998)	2.1
"Thalidomide has a significant antiangiogenic effect against VEGF-induced neovasclar growth. "	( Thalidomide inhibits corneal angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Becker, MD; Joussen, AM; Kruse, FE; Rohrschneider, K; Völcker, HE, 1998)	3.19
"Thalidomide has been shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis in a rabbit cornea micropocket model; however, it has failed to demonstrate this activity in other models. "	( Inhibition of angiogenesis by thalidomide requires metabolic activation, which is species-dependent. Bauer, KS; Dixon, SC; Figg, WD, 1998)	2.03
"Thalidomide has clearly been shown to be effective in mucocutaneous disease even at a dose of 100 mg/d."	( Behçet's syndrome. Hamuryudan, V; Yazici, H; Yurdakul, S, 1999)	1.02
"Thalidomide, once banned, has returned to the center of controversy with the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) announcement that thalidomide will be placed on the market for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum, a severe dermatological complication of Hansen's disease."	( Thalidomide and the Titanic: reconstructing the technology tragedies of the twentieth century. Annas, GJ; Elias, S, 1999)	2.47
"Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory properties and shows promise for treating a variety of infectious and autoimmune diseases, but it must be used with strict precautions."	( Thalidomide's tightly controlled "comeback". Calabrese, LH, 1999)	3.19
"Thalidomide has one of the most notorious drug histories because of its teratogenicity. "	( Thalidomide in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: series at a single institution and review of the literature. Graham-Pole, J; Kedar, A; Mehta, P; Skoda-Smith, S; Wingard, JR, 1999)	3.19
"Thalidomide has also prompted commentators to celebrate American drug regulation and the American liability system; Professor Bernstein argues that these paeans are exaggerated."	( Formed by thalidomide: mass torts as a false cure for toxic exposure. Bernstein, A, 1997)	1.42
"Thalidomide has been shown to have species- and metabolic-dependent antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential in treating human angiogenesis-dependent pathologies such as solid tumors. "	( Thalidomide up-regulates prostate-specific antigen secretion from LNCaP cells. Bauer, KS; Dixon, SC; Figg, WD; Kruger, EA, 1999)	3.19
"Thalidomide has subsequently been reported to be effective in treating a number of dermatoses, including cutaneous lupus erythematosus."	( American experience with low-dose thalidomide therapy for severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Duong, DJ; Gaspari, AA; Moxley, RT; Spigel, GT, 1999)	1.3
"Thalidomide has been previously shown to inhibit angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor in vivo, using the rabbit corneal micropocket assay."	( Thalidomide and a thalidomide analogue inhibit endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. Friedlander, DR; Kaplan, G; Moreira, AL; Shif, B; Zagzag, D, 1999)	2.47
"Thalidomide has been shown to cause limb reduction defects in rabbits with much greater potency than in rats, possibly due to inherent biochemical differences between the two species. "	( Differential alteration by thalidomide of the glutathione content of rat vs. rabbit conceptuses in vitro. Carney, EW; Hansen, JM; Harris, C, )	1.87
"Thalidomide has shown potential in treating some AIDS-related conditions [cachexia (weight loss and muscle wasting), and aphtous oral, oesophageal or genital ulcers]."	( New uses for old drugs in HIV infection: the role of hydroxyurea, cyclosporin and thalidomide. Lisziewicz, J; Lori, F; Ravot, E, 1999)	1.25
"Thalidomide has inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in the corneal micropocket assay."	( Effect of thalidomide and structurally related compounds on corneal angiogenesis is comparable to their teratological potency. Germann, T; Joussen, AM; Kirchhof, B, 1999)	1.43
"Thalidomide has been shown to selectively inhibit TNF-alpha production."	( Analgesic effect of thalidomide on inflammatory pain. Cunha, FQ; Ferreira, SH; Ribeiro, RA; Vale, ML, 2000)	1.35
"Thalidomide has beneficial effects in a number of HIV-associated diseases."	( Thalidomide suppresses Up-regulation of human immunodeficiency virus coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells in humans. Juffermans, NP; Olszyna, DP; Speelman, P; van Der Poll, T; van Deventer, SJ; Verbon, A, 2000)	2.47
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antiinflammatory and, more recently, immunomodulating properties, which are beneficial for the treatment of an ever-increasing list of immune related diseases. "	( Thalidomide stimulates splenic IgM antibody response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and alters leukocyte subpopulation numbers in female B6C3F1 mice. Brown, RD; Germolec, DR; Karrow, NA; McCay, JA; Munson, AE; Musgrove, DL; Pettit, DA; White, KL, 2000)	3.19
"Thalidomide has been used to treat many inflammatory dermatologic conditions and has been reintroduced in the United States to treat immune-modulated diseases such as pyoderma gangrenosum."	( Recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum treated with thalidomide. Federman, DG; Federman, GL, 2000)	1.29
"Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties and is being investigated as an antineoplastic."	( Effect of thalidomide on gastrointestinal toxic effects of irinotecan. Broadwater, R; Govindarajan, R; Hauer-Jensen, M; Heaton, KM; Lang, NP; Zeitlin, A, 2000)	1.43
"Thalidomide has significant immunomodulatory properties and has been used successfully in the treatment of oral ulcers and wasting in HIV patients. "	( Thalidomide analogue CC-3052 reduces HIV+ neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. Dalgleish, AG; Dransfield, I; Guckian, M; Hay, P, 2000)	3.19
"Thalidomide has been successful in the treatment of several dermatologic conditions unresponsive to other agents. "	( Thalidomide. Levine, N; Radomsky, CL, 2001)	3.2
"Thalidomide has been shown to block the activity of angiogenic substances like bFGF, VEGF and interleukin 6."	( [Thalidomide. Clinical trials in cancer]. Politi, PM, 2000)	1.94
"Thalidomide has recently enjoyed renewed interest as a treatment in many disorders, including plasma cell leukemia."	( Thalidomide-associated hepatitis: a case report. Fowler, R; Imrie, K, 2001)	2.47
"Thalidomide has been shown to be an effective treatment for cutaneous forms of lupus erythematous refractory to other therapies. "	( Update on therapy--thalidomide in the treatment of lupus. Hughes, GR; Karim, MY; Khamashta, MA; Ruiz-Irastorza, G, 2001)	2.08
"Thalidomide has been used at doses ranging from 200 to 800 mg with significant toxicity."	( Low-dose thalidomide plus dexamethasone is an effective salvage therapy for advanced myeloma. Bertola, A; Boccadoro, M; Bringhen, S; Gallo, E; Giaccone, L; Palumbo, A; Pileri, A; Pregno, P; Rus, C; Triolo, S, 2001)	1.45
"Thalidomide has been reported to be an effective therapy for painful oral (mouth) ulcerations associated with AIDS that do not respond to the usual treatment options available. "	( Thalidomide: an alternative therapy for treatment of apthous ulcers (canker sores). Manesis, DA, 1995)	3.18
"Thalidomide trials have been slow to recruit, therefore buyers clubs are working to make the drug available through their services."	( Thalidomide and HIV: several possible uses. Smith, D, 1995)	2.46
"Thalidomide (Synovir) has been tested in eighteen patients who did not respond to other therapies."	( Thalidomide shows benefit for microsporidial diarrhea. Bartnof, HS, 1997)	2.46
"Thalidomide has shown promise in treating wasting and contact information is provided for a compassionate use program."	( Approaches to the AIDS Wasting Syndrome. Corcoran, C, 1998)	1.02
"Thalidomide has recently been shown to have significant activity in refractory multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Thalidomide in the management of multiple myeloma. Anaissie, E; Badros, A; Barlogie, B; Cromer, J; Fassas, A; Spencer, T; Tricot, G; Zangari, M, 2001)	3.2
"Thalidomide has no clinical place as an immunosuppressant in solid organ transplantation."	( Thalidomide: a re-look. Gopalakrishna, R; Grover, JK; Ramam, M; Vats, V, )	2.3
"Thalidomide has increasing clinical benefits, including the healing of aphthous ulcers in patients with HIV. "	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thalidomide in HIV patients treated for oral aphthous ulcers: ACTG protocol 251. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Aweeka, F; Bellibas, SE; Chernoff, M; Jacobson, J; Jayewardene, A; Lizak, P; Spritzler, J; Trapnell, C, 2001)	2.02
"Thalidomide has a chiral centre, and the racemate of (R)- and (S)-thalidomide was introduced as a sedative drug in the late 1950s. "	( Clinical pharmacology of thalidomide. Björkman, S; Eriksson, T; Höglund, P, 2001)	2.06
"Thalidomide has been shown to inhibit the ability of tumors to recruit new blood vessels."	( A randomized phase II trial of docetaxel (taxotere) plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Arlen, P; Dahut, WL; Fedenko, K; Fernandez, P; Figg, WD; Gulley, J; Hamilton, M; Kruger, EA; Noone, M; Parker, C; Pluda, J, 2001)	1.28
"Thalidomide has been used off-label with some success to treat a number of dermatologic diseases, including several inflammatory skin conditions."	( Targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha. New drugs used to modulate inflammatory diseases. Gaspari, AA; LaDuca, JR, 2001)	1.03
"Thalidomide also has effect on aphthous stomatitis and Behçet's disease."	( [Thalidomide--a dreaded drug with new indications]. Seidel, C; Waage, A, 2001)	1.94
"Thalidomide has proven to be effective in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum and aphthous stomatitis. "	( [Thalidomide--a dreaded drug with new indications]. Seidel, C; Waage, A, 2001)	2.66
"Thalidomide also has steroid-sparing properties, and it is particularly useful in treating oral and fistulous complications of Crohn's disease."	( Thalidomide treatment for refractory Crohn's disease: a review of the history, pharmacological mechanisms and clinical literature. Dassopoulos, T; Ehrenpreis, ED; Ginsburg, PM, 2001)	2.47
"Thalidomide has been used successfully in several other dermatologic disorders, including aphthous stomatitis, Behcet's syndrome, chronic cutaneous systemic lupus erythematosus, and graft-versus-host disease, the apparent shared characteristic of which is immune dysregulation."	( Thalidomide: an antineoplastic agent. Amato, RJ, 2002)	2.48
"Thalidomide has recently shown antitumor activity in patients with refractory myeloma."	( Thalidomide in refractory and relapsing multiple myeloma. Bladé, J; Esteve, J; Montoto, S; Montserrat, E; Perales, M; Rosiñol, L; Tuset, M, 2001)	2.47
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antiangiogenic effects in preclinical models as well as a significant antitumor effect in hematologic tumors such as multiple myeloma. "	( Phase II study of the antiangiogenesis agent thalidomide in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Abbruzzese, JL; El-Naggar, AK; Ginsberg, LE; Glisson, BS; Herbst, RS; Hong, WK; Khuri, FR; Lawhorn, KN; Myers, JN; Pluda, JM; Roach, JS; Shin, DM; Steinhaus, GD; Teddy, S; Thall, PF; Tseng, JE; Wang, X; Zentgraf, RE, 2001)	2.01
"Thalidomide has immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties which may underlie its activity in cancer. "	( Thalidomide in cancer. Mehta, J; Singhal, S, 2002)	3.2
"Thalidomide has been used in cases of Behçet's disease with some success."	( Thalidomide in Behçet's disease. Lim, DL; Shek, LP, 2002)	2.48
"Thalidomide has recently been shown to be useful in the treatment of multiple myeloma and may also be useful in the treatment of other hematological malignancies. "	( S-3-Amino-phthalimido-glutarimide inhibits angiogenesis and growth of B-cell neoplasias in mice. Anderson, KC; Birsner, AE; D'Amato, RJ; LeBlanc, R; Lentzsch, S; Rogers, MS; Shah, JH; Treston, AM, 2002)	1.76
"Thalidomide has recently proven to be a useful drug for treatment of refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma patients, up to 35% of whom achieve remission. "	( The combination of thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (ThaCyDex) is feasible and can be an option for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. García-Sanz, R; González, M; González-Fraile, MI; López, C; San Miguel, JF; Sierra, M, 2002)	2.09
"Thalidomide (Thalomid) has antiangiogenic properties, and angiogenesis has been shown to influence the outcome of colon cancer patients."	( Irinotecan/thalidomide in metastatic colorectal cancer. Govindarajan, R, 2002)	1.43
"Thalidomide has been shown previously to require bio-activation to exert its anti-angiogenic effect in isolated blood vessels and endothelial cells."	( Effects of putative hydroxylated thalidomide metabolites on blood vessel density in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and on tumor and endothelial cell proliferation. Fry, MO; Ihnat, MA; Li, PK; Marks, MG; Pokala, V; Shi, J; Trzyna, M; Xiao, Z, 2002)	1.32
"Thalidomide has been shown to suppress TNF-alpha production from macrophages."	( Thalidomide prevents alcoholic liver injury in rats through suppression of Kupffer cell sensitization and TNF-alpha production. Enomoto, N; Hirose, M; Ikejima, K; Kitamura, T; Miwa, H; Sato, N; Takei, Y, 2002)	2.48
"Thalidomide has been shown experimentally to be effective in treating GVHD."	( Thalidomide for the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Altamonte, V; Beschorner, WE; Colvin, OM; Corio, RL; Farmer, ER; Hess, AD; Jabs, DA; Levin, LS; Vogelsang, GB; Wingard, JR, 1992)	2.45
"Thalidomide has been shown to cause a decrease in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocytes in the blood of healthy males."	( Thalidomide's effectiveness in erythema nodosum leprosum is associated with a decrease in CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood. Berhan, TY; Ejigu, M; Haile-Mariam, HS; Shannon, EJ; Tasesse, G, 1992)	2.45
"Thalidomide has a role to play in the management of chronic GVHD and further studies are needed."	( Thalidomide treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bailey, CC; Barnard, DL; Heney, D; Lewis, IJ; Norfolk, DR; Wheeldon, J, 1991)	2.45
"Thalidomide has been known to have immunosuppressive properties for over 20 years, but it has only recently been used in GVHD."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Bailey, CC; Heney, D; Lewis, IJ, 1990)	2.44
"Thalidomide has previously been reported to be of value in treatment of Behçet's syndrome, but to my knowledge never with such a dramatic effect on a severe colitis as reported in this case."	( Treatment of severe colitis in Behçet's syndrome with thalidomide (CG-217). Larsson, H, 1990)	1.25
"Thalidomide has a beneficial effect on type II Lepra reaction especially chronic and recurrent reaction. "	( Thalidomide in leprosy--study of 94 cases. Ganapati, R; Parikh, DA; Revankar, CR, )	3.02

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Thalidomide (Thal) can suppress the growth of established, as well as explanted tumors in mice. Thalidomid displays remarkable species specificity, causing birth defects in humans and rabbits, but not rats or mice.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thalidomide may inhibit human fibroblast proliferation and it is worthy of further in vivo investigation."	( The suppression effects of thalidomide on human lung fibroblasts: cell proliferation, vascular endothelial growth factor release, and collagen production. Chang, KT; Hsiao, YH; Perng, DW; Su, KC; Su, VY; Tseng, CM; Wu, YC, 2013)	2.13
"Thalidomide may inhibit TNF-α expression via down-regulation of the NFκB signaling pathway to alleviate acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats."	( Thalidomide alleviates acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury via down-regulation of NFκB induced TNF-α. Fan, LJ; Ji, SS; Li, HY; Li, W; Lv, P, 2014)	3.29
"Thalidomide, because of its anti-inflammatory properties, as re-emerged as an option for the treatment of Crohn's disease refractory to standard therapy. "	( Effect of thalidomide on the healing of colonic anastomosis, in rats. Campos, AD; Feres, O; Ramalho, FS; Ramalho, LN; Rocha, JJ; Veneziano, SG, 2008)	2.19
"Thalidomide's ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in vitro has been proposed as a partial explanation of its effective treatment of ENL."	( Thalidomide suppressed IL-1beta while enhancing TNF-alpha and IL-10, when cells in whole blood were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Kamath, B; Noveck, R; Sandoval, F; Shannon, E, 2008)	2.51
"Thalidomide can suppress the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in HUVEC in vitro and then inhibit angiodysplasia, which may play a significant role in stopping the rebleeding in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding."	( [The mechanisms of thalidomide in treatment of angiodysplasia due to hypoxia]. Chen, HM; Fang, JY; Ge, ZZ; Liu, WZ; Lu, H; Xiao, SD; Xu, CH, 2009)	2.12
"Thalidomide can inhibit the formation of MNGC in a dose-dependent manner."	( Thalidomide prevents formation of multinucleated giant cells (Langhans-type cells) from cultured monocytes: possible pharmaceutical applications for granulomatous disorders. Kondo, Y; Manki, A; Morishima, T; Nagaoka, Y; Tsuge, M; Wada, T; Yashiro, M; Yasui, K, )	2.3
"Thalidomide can inhibit the expression of AnxA2 mRNA and protein in RPMI8226 and HMEC-1 cells, which may be one of the mechanisms for the development of thrombosis induced by thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients."	( [Effects of thalidomide on Annexin II gene regulation]. Bao, HY; Jiang, M; Ruan, CG; Shen, F; Zhu, MQ, 2009)	2.17
"Thalidomide and IMiDs inhibit the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins (IL) 1-beta, 6, 12, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)."	( Pharmacological properties of thalidomide and its analogues. Compagnone, R; De Sanctis, JB; Garmendia, J; Mijares, M; Moreno, D; Salazar-Bookaman, M; Suárez, A, 2010)	1.37
"Thalidomide did not inhibit the activation of complement by zymosan, a known initiator of complement activation by the alternative pathway, or by M."	( In vitro thalidomide does not interfere with the activation of complement by M. leprae. Morales, MJ; Sandoval, FG; Shannon, EJ, 2011)	1.51
"Thalidomide did not inhibit the JAK activation in response to IFN-γ."	( Thalidomide inhibits interferon-γ-mediated nitric oxide production in mouse vascular endothelial cells. Badamtseren, B; Haque, A; Hashimoto, S; Koide, N; Komatsu, T; Naiki, Y; Odkhuu, E; Yokochi, T; Yoshida, T, 2011)	2.53
"Thalidomide (TD) displays remarkable species specificity, causing birth defects (teratogenesis) in humans and rabbits, but not rats or mice; yet, few determinants of species susceptibility have been identified. "	( Resistance of CD-1 and ogg1 DNA repair-deficient mice to thalidomide and hydrolysis product embryopathies in embryo culture. Gonçalves, LL; Lee, CJ; Wells, PG, 2011)	2.06
"Thalidomide (Thal) can suppress the growth of established, as well as explanted tumors in mice. "	( Thalidomide delayed the ability of 4T1 cells to amass into tumors in Balb/c mice. Baghian, A; Israyelyan, A; Kearney, MT; Sandoval, F; Shannon, EJ, 2012)	3.26
"Thalidomide can suppress VEGF, either induced by HIF-1α or bFGF."	( Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in angiodysplasia: an interventional study with thalidomide. Chen, H; Fang, J; Gao, Y; Ge, Z; Liu, W; Tan, H; Xiao, S; Xu, C, 2012)	1.32
"Thalidomide is known to blunt the acute phase response."	( Successful treatment of familial Mediterranean fever attacks with thalidomide in a colchicine resistant patient. Masatlioglu, S; Ozdogan, H; Seyahi, E; Yazici, H, )	1.09
"Thalidomide can inhibit these effects."	( [Thalidomide inhibits the angiogenic activity of culture supernatants of multiple myeloma cell line]. Chen, W; Mirshahi, F; Mirshahi, M; Soria, C; Soria, J; Zhu, J, 2002)	1.95
"Thalidomide could enhance the inhibition of Mabthera on colony formation of MM patients' myeloma cells, which is related to that thalidomide enhances CD20 antigen expression of myeloma cells."	( [Combination of thalidomide and rituximab in suppressing myeloma cells in vitro]. Li, J; Luo, SK; Xiong, WJ; Zhou, ZH, 2002)	2.1
"Thalidomide can not only inhibit angiogenesis, but also abrogate the adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to bone marrow stromal cells."	( [Influence of thalidomide on bone marrow microenvironment in refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma]. Hong, WD; Li, J; Luo, SK; Zhou, ZH; Zou, WY, 2003)	2.12
"Thalidomide did not inhibit dehydrogenase activity or growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in agar. "	( THALIDOMIDE: EFFECTS ON EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO. DIPAOLO, JA; WENNER, CE, 1964)	3.13
"Thalidomide cannot inhibit VEGF mRNA expression of grafted H22 tumor in mouse."	( [Effect of thalidomide on tumor growth in mouse hepatoma H22 model]. Lu, ZJ; Zhai, Y, 2003)	1.43
"Thalidomide, because of its potent antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, is being re-evaluated in several clinical fields."	( Thalidomide as a potent inhibitor of neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in rat carotid artery. Chae, IH; Choi, DJ; Jeon, SI; Kim, DH; Kim, HS; Koo, BK; Lee, MM; Oh, BH; Park, KW; Park, SJ; Park, YB; Yang, HM; Youn, SW, 2004)	2.49
"Thalidomide can inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of human ovarian cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. "	( [Study of thalidomide on the growth and angiogenesis of ovary cancer SKOV3 transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice]. Cao, ZY; Li, W; Peng, ZL, 2005)	2.17
"Thalidomide was used because conventional medical treatment by steroids and immunosuppressives was ineffective."	( [Thalidomide therapy for infantile-onset Crohn's disease]. Ikematsu, K; Joh, K; Kabuki, T; Kagimoto, S; Ogimi, C; Oh-Ishi, T; Tanaka, R, 2005)	1.96
"Thalidomide could inhibit tumor growth in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF-7 and HL-60; its IC50s for them were 18.36+/-2.34 and 22.14+/-2.15 microM, respectively, while this effect was not observed in HeLa and K562."	( Thalidomide inhibits growth of tumors through COX-2 degradation independent of antiangiogenesis. Du, GJ; Lin, HH; Wang, MW; Xu, QT, 2005)	2.49
"Thalidomide and IMiDs inhibit the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins (IL) 1beta, 6, 12, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)."	( Properties of thalidomide and its analogues: implications for anticancer therapy. Teo, SK, 2005)	1.41
"Thalidomide seems to inhibit growth of intestinal angiodysplasias and may be useful for treatment of patients with bleeding related to angiodysplasias. "	( Macroscopic appearance of intestinal angiodysplasias under antiangiogenic treatment with thalidomide. Bauditz, J; Lochs, H; Voderholzer, W, 2006)	2
"Thalidomide did not increase intra-tumoural TNF-alpha production induced with LPS, in sharp contrast to that obtained with DMXAA."	( Thalidomide increases both intra-tumoural tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and anti-tumour activity in response to 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid. Baguley, BC; Browne, WL; Cao, Z; Ching, LM; Joseph, WR; Mountjoy, KG; Palmer, BD, 1999)	2.47
"Thalidomide was found to inhibit PBMC-derived TNF-alpha, but not IL-2."	( Selective down-regulation of T cell- and non-T cell-derived tumour necrosis factor alpha by thalidomide: comparisons with dexamethasone. Dearman, RJ; Deighton, J; Ewan, PW; Kimber, I; McHugh, SM; Rowland, TL, 1999)	1.24
"Thalidomide also did not inhibit metabolism of CYP-specific substrates and therefore any interactions with other drugs that are metabolized by the same enzyme system are unlikely."	( Metabolism of thalidomide in human microsomes, cloned human cytochrome P-450 isozymes, and Hansen's disease patients. Kook, KA; O'Brien, K; Sabourin, PJ; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD, 2000)	1.39
"Thalidomide did not increase revertant frequencies in all bacterial strains."	( Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of Thalomid (thalidomide). Morgan, M; Stirling, D; Teo, S; Thomas, S, 2000)	1.27
"Thalidomide in lower intermittent doses is ineffective at preventing recurrence of aphthous ulcers in HIV-infected persons."	( Thalidomide in low intermittent doses does not prevent recurrence of human immunodeficiency virus-associated aphthous ulcers. Chernoff, M; Fahey, JL; Fox, L; Greenspan, JS; Hooton, TM; Jackson, JB; Jacobson, JM; Pulvirenti, JJ; Shikuma, C; Spritzler, J; Wohl, DA, 2001)	2.47
"Thalidomide may cause birth defects, and larger doses can cause neuropathy or other adverse effects."	( Wasting syndrome--affordable treatments. James, JS, 1995)	1.01
"Thalidomide is known to cause deformities in infants borne to pregnant women taking the drug."	( Thalidomide effective treatment for AIDS-related mouth ulcers. Randall, P, 1995)	2.46
"Thalidomide failed to inhibit the growth of xenograft tumours. "	( Renal cell carcinoma may adapt to and overcome anti-angiogenic intervention with thalidomide. Douglas, ML; Hii, SI; Jonsson, JR; Nicol, DL; Reid, JL, 2002)	1.98
"Thalidomide did not suppress the incidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies or affect the serum concentrations of T4, T3 and TSH in this rat model."	( Effect of thalidomide on the incidence of iodine-induced and spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. Abend, S; Alex, S; Appel, MC; Braverman, LE; Lueprasitsakul, W; Reinhardt, W, 1990)	1.4

Treatment

Thalidomide as a treatment for refractory IBD in children and adolescents can improve clinical remission and achieve longer-term maintenance of remission.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced serum levels of hepatic enzymes and TNF-α, IL-1-β, and IL-6."	( Immunomodulatory effects of thalidomide in an experimental brain death liver donor model. Andraus, W; Brasil, S; de Moraes, EL; de Oliveira-Braga, KA; de Sá Lima, L; Degaspari, S; Dellê, H; Figueiredo, EG; Nepomuceno, NA; Pêgo-Fernandes, PM; Pepineli, R; Ruiz, LM; Santana, AC; Scavone, C; Silva, FMO; Solla, DJF; Tullius, SG, 2021)	1.64
"Thalidomide treatment also induced a significant decrease in the expression of ET-1 (1.4 ± 0.3 relative expression [BD + Thalid] vs."	( Thalidomide modulates renal inflammation induced by brain death experimental model. Andraus, W; Brasil, S; de Moraes, EL; de Oliveira-Braga, KA; Dellê, H; Dos Santos, MJ; Feliciano, R; Figueiredo, EG; Nepomuceno, NA; Neri, LHM; Pêgo-Fernandes, PM; Pepineli, R; Ruiz, LM; Sala, ACG; Santana, AC; Schust, AS; Silva, FMO, 2022)	2.89
"In thalidomide-treated mice, there was a significant increase in the terminally differentiated mature CD27"	( Antimetastatic effects of thalidomide by inducing the functional maturation of peripheral natural killer cells. Hayakawa, Y; Miyazato, K; Tahara, H, 2020)	1.37
"Thalidomide as a treatment for refractory IBD in children and adolescents can improve clinical remission and achieve longer-term maintenance of remission. "	( Thalidomide as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Cui, X; Li, H; Liu, C; Men, P; Qiu, T; Sun, T; Zhai, S, 2020)	3.44
"Thalidomide-treated patients were more likely to have thrombocytopenia (P < .001) and high-risk disease (P = .02)."	( Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Use and Benefit of Lenalidomide and Thalidomide in Myelofibrosis. Al Ali, N; Castillo-Tokumori, F; Komrokji, R; Kuykendall, AT; Lancet, J; Padron, E; Sallman, D; Sweet, K; Talati, C; Yun, S, 2020)	1.51
"In thalidomide treated mice, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (59.3 ± 19.6 vs."	( Thalidomide reduces glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Amirshahrokhi, K, 2021)	2.58
"Thalidomide treatment also did not affect expression of GPIbα, GPVI or αIIbβ3, nor did it affect collagen- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation at threshold concentrations."	( An absence of platelet activation following thalidomide treatment in vitro or in vivo. Andrews, RK; Gardiner, EE; Ju, W; Li, D; Li, X; Liu, Y; Qi, K; Qiao, J; Wu, X; Wu, Y; Xu, K; Zeng, L, 2017)	1.44
"Thalidomide treatment prevents CAV development in a rodent model and is therefore potentially useful in clinical applications to prevent post-transplant heart rejection."	( Thalidomide treatment prevents chronic graft rejection after aortic transplantation in rats - an experimental study. Bernstein, D; Deuse, T; Hu, X; Hua, X; Miller, KK; Neofytou, E; Reichenspurner, H; Renne, T; Schrepfer, S; Velden, J; Wang, D, 2017)	2.62
"Thalidomide treatment reduced PTX3 in the serum 7 days after starting treatment."	( Elevated Pentraxin-3 Concentrations in Patients With Leprosy: Potential Biomarker of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. Amadeu, TP; da Silva, CO; de Carvalho, DS; Ferreira, H; Hacker, MA; Mendes, MA; Nery, JAC; Pinheiro, RO; Prata, RBDS; Sampaio, EP; Sarno, EN; Schmitz, V; Silva, BJA, 2017)	1.18
"Thalidomide treatment significantly decreased the infarct volume and neurological deficits of MCAO/R rats."	( The Neuroprotective Effect of Thalidomide against Ischemia through the Cereblon-mediated Repression of AMPK Activity. Asahi, T; Fujiwara, M; Hayashi, H; Sawamura, N; Takagi, N; Yamada, H; Yamada, M, 2018)	1.49
"Thalidomide changed the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, however, its effectiveness has been compromised due to its side effects. "	( [Immunomodulator drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma]. Caballero García, A; Córdova Martínez, A; Fernández-Lázaro, CI; Fernández-Lázaro, D, 2018)	1.92
"Thalidomide treatment also significantly reduced tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, MDA, MPO, and NO and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10."	( Thalidomide ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting renal inflammation in an experimental model. Amirshahrokhi, K; Khalili, AR, 2015)	2.58
"Thalidomide pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity."	( The effect of thalidomide on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice: involvement of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Amirshahrokhi, K; Khalili, AR, 2015)	1.5
"Thalidomide (Thal) treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with vascular thrombosis, but the underlying mechanism is unknown."	( Thalidomide and multiple myeloma serum synergistically induce a hemostatic imbalance in endothelial cells in vitro. Gao, Y; Liu, S; Ma, G; Su, Y; Teng, Y; Wang, Y, 2015)	3.3
"Thalidomide-treated embryos with the human CYP3A gene cluster showed limb abnormalities, and human CYP3A was expressed in the placenta, suggesting that human CYP3A in the placenta may contribute to the teratogenicity of thalidomide."	( Thalidomide-induced limb abnormalities in a humanized CYP3A mouse model. Abe, S; Akita, M; Kamataki, T; Kazuki, K; Kazuki, Y; Kobayashi, K; Ohta, R; Osaki, M; Oshimura, M; Satoh, D; Takehara, S; Yamazaki, H, 2016)	2.6
"Thalidomide treatment demonstrated a significant mucositis-ameliorating effect during fractionated irradiation, which is likely to result from NF-κB inhibition. "	( Modulation of radiation-induced oral mucositis by thalidomide : Preclinical studies. Dörr, W; Frings, K; Gruber, S; Kleiter, M; Kuess, P, 2016)	2.13
"Thalidomide-pretreatment increased engraftment and proliferation of transplanted hepatocytes due to decreased inflammation. "	( Thalidomide promotes transplanted cell engraftment in the rat liver by modulating inflammation and endothelial integrity. Gupta, P; Gupta, S; Kapoor, S; Viswanathan, P, 2016)	3.32
"Thalidomide treatment poses a risk of bradycardia; however, the benefits are likely to exceed the risk."	( Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with POEMS syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aoyagi, R; Hanaoka, H; Ikeda, S; Kanda, T; Katayama, K; Kawachi, I; Kikuchi, S; Kira, J; Kohara, N; Koike, H; Kusunoki, S; Kuwabara, S; Misawa, S; Mitsui, Y; Nagashima, K; Nakashima, I; Nishizawa, M; Sasaki, H; Sato, Y; Sekiguchi, Y; Sobue, G; Takashima, H; Watanabe, O; Yabe, I, 2016)	1.47
"Thalidomide treatment is extremely effective at ameliorating ENL symptoms."	( Expression of CD64 on Circulating Neutrophils Favoring Systemic Inflammatory Status in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. Amadeu, TP; Barbosa, MG; Brandão, SS; Costa, Fda M; Dos Santos, JB; Ferreira, H; Hacker, Mde A; Machado, Ade M; Mendes, MA; Nery, JA; Pacheco, Fdos S; Pinheiro, RO; Prata, RB; Rodrigues, LS; Sales, AM; Sarno, EN; Schmitz, V, 2016)	1.16
"Thalidomide treatment also dramatically suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of U-87 MG and other glioma cells by over a thousand fold without affecting its anchorage-dependent growth, which may be accomplished by knocking down endogenous bFGF expression in these cells."	( The G-rich promoter and G-rich coding sequence of basic fibroblast growth factor are the targets of thalidomide in glioma. Mei, SC; Wu, RT, 2008)	1.28
"Thalidomide effectively treats some dermatologic conditions that are refractory to standard medications. "	( A case series of 48 patients treated with thalidomide. Doherty, SD; Hsu, S, 2008)	2.05
"Thalidomide treatment, however, was not an independent predictor of recurrence or cancer-specific mortality."	( Randomized trial of adjuvant thalidomide versus observation in patients with completely resected high-risk renal cell carcinoma. Jonasch, E; Lozano, M; Margulis, V; Matin, SF; Shen, Y; Swanson, DA; Tamboli, P; Tannir, N; Wood, CG, 2009)	1.37
"Thalidomide treatment significantly decreased the invasive cells number through Matrigel and human umbilical vein endothelial cells when compared with the controls."	( Thalidomide inhibits leukemia cell invasion and migration by upregulation of early growth response gene 1. Li, J; Liu, P; Lu, H; Xu, B, 2009)	2.52
"the thalidomide-alone treated mice showed 75% survival whereas 60% of the Augmentin-alone treated group survived."	( A combination of thalidomide and augmentin protects BALB/c mice suffering from Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced sepsis. Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kumar, V, 2009)	1.17
"His thalidomide treatment was withdrawn and his symptoms and HRCT findings improved."	( [Case of thalidomide-induced interstitial pneumonia]. Hasejima, N; Matsushima, H; Oda, T; Sato, A; Takezawa, S; Yamamoto, M, 2009)	1.25
"The thalidomide treatment was discontinued whereupon the hypoxaemia and the ground glass opacities resolved and the diffusion capacity impairment improved."	( [Interstitial pneumonitis as an adverse effect of thalidomide]. Custers, FL; Lie, KS; Potjewijd, J; Scholte, JB; Voogt, PJ, 2009)	1.09
"Thalidomide-treated cells also released less of other leaderless proteins, which require caspase-1 activity for their secretion."	( Thalidomide inhibits activation of caspase-1. Beer, HD; Keller, M; Sollberger, G, 2009)	2.52
"Thalidomide treatment finally led to complete remission."	( Disseminated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia of 12 years' duration triggered by vaccination. Beylot-Barry, M; Doutre, MS; Pham-Ledard, A; Vergier, B, 2010)	1.08
"The thalidomide treatment was discontinued whereupon the hypoxaemia and the ground glass opacities resolved and the diffusion capacity impairment improved."	( [Interstitial pneumonitis as an adverse effect of thalidomide]. Custers, FL; Jie, KS; Potjewijd, J; Scholte, JB; Voogt, PJ, 2009)	1.09
"Thalidomide, an effective treatment for ENL, inhibited this neutrophil recruitment pathway."	( Integrated pathways for neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in leprosy. Burdick, A; Carbone, RJ; Damoiseaux, R; Lee, DJ; Li, H; Modlin, RL; Ochoa, MT; Rea, TH; Sarno, EN; Tanaka, M, 2010)	1.08
"Thalidomide-treated animals received thalidomide i.p."	( The immunosuppressant drug, thalidomide, improves hepatic alterations induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Bartchewsky, W; Carvalho, Pde O; Cintra, DE; Compri, CM; Fornari, JV; Gambero, A; Pedrazzoli, J; Pinto, Lde F; Ribeiro, ML; Saad, MJ; Trevisan, M; Velloso, LA, 2010)	1.38
"Thalidomide treatment increased platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) expression in endothelial cells and stimulated mural cell activation."	( Thalidomide stimulates vessel maturation and reduces epistaxis in individuals with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Arthur, HM; Bréant, C; Disch, F; Eichmann, A; Freitas, C; Larrivée, B; Lebrin, F; Mager, JJ; Martin, S; Mathivet, T; Mummery, CL; Raymond, K; Snijder, RJ; Srun, S; Thomas, JL; van den Brink, S; Westermann, CJ, 2010)	2.52
"Thalidomide treatment modulated pro-inflammatory function of alveolar macrophages by significantly (p<0.05) decreasing their phagocytic potential in terms of phagocytic uptake and intracellular killing, spreading and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release."	( Thalidomide treatment modulates macrophage pro-inflammatory function and cytokine levels in Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 induced pneumonia in BALB/c mice. Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kumar, V, 2010)	2.52
"Thalidomide was used as treatment in colitis and arthritis group, whereas etoricoxib was used in CWG group."	( Correlation of seizures and biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in experimentally induced inflammatory rat models. Khanduja, KL; Medhi, B; Pandhi, P; Rao, RS, 2010)	1.08
"Thalidomide is a powerful treatment for inflammatory and cancer-based diseases. "	( Apoptosis induction by thalidomide: critical for limb teratogenicity but therapeutic potential in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Jungck, D; Knobloch, J; Koch, A, 2011)	2.12
"Thalidomide treatment was associated with significant down-regulation of nuclear NF-κB expression levels in residual neoplastic cells and microenvironments of responsive tumors, but not in t(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive, thalidomide-refractory tumors."	( t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation as predictive marker for non-responsiveness to salvage thalidomide therapy in patients with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with gastric involvement. Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsu, CH; Kuo, SH; Lin, CW; Tzeng, YS; Wu, MS; Yeh, KH, 2011)	1.31
"Thalidomide effectively treats PNH refractory to standard medications."	( Thalidomide in 42 patients with prurigo nodularis Hyde. Andersen, TP; Fogh, K, 2011)	2.53
"Thalidomide was the only treatment that attenuated these increases."	( The thalidomide analgesic effect is associated with differential TNF-α receptor expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as studied in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Andrade, P; Buurman, WA; Daemen, MA; Del Rosario, JS; Hoogland, G; Steinbusch, HW; Visser-Vandewalle, V, 2012)	1.66
"Thalidomide treatment also leads to destruction of TNF-α mRNA thus, reducing the total expression of TNF-α protein."	( TNF α signaling beholds thalidomide saga: a review of mechanistic role of TNF-α signaling under thalidomide. Banerjee, S; Chatterjee, S; Majumder, S; Sreedhara, SR, 2012)	1.41
"Thalidomide is the treatment of choice for severe or recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum. "	( Deep vein thrombosis in a patient with lepromatous leprosy receiving thalidomide to treat leprosy reaction. Burgués-Calderón, M; de la Hera, I; Fuertes, L; Hebe Petiti-Martin, G; Rivera-Díaz, R; Vanaclocha, F; Villar-Buill, M, 2013)	2.07
"Thalidomide treatment prevented hyperglycemia and preserved pancreatic insulin secretion in the diabetic mice."	( Thalidomide attenuates multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Amirshahrokhi, K; Ghazi-Khansari, M, 2012)	2.54
"Thalidomide treatment attenuated significantly STZ induced cognitive impairment and histopathological changes."	( Thalidomide attenuates learning and memory deficits induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin in rats. Alan, S; Elçioğlu, H; Kabasakal, L; Karan, M; Salva, E; Tufan, F, 2013)	2.55
"Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced gene expression of these cytokines and the activation of the NF-κB in the renal tissue and the circulating levels of cytokines."	( Thalidomide suppresses inflammation in adenine-induced CKD with uraemia in mice. Blanco, P; Catanozi, S; de Sá Lima, L; Degaspari, S; Dellê, H; Noronha, IL; Santana, AC; Scavone, C; Silva, C; Solez, K, 2013)	2.55
"Thalidomide treatment was found to inhibit TNFalpha production in a dose-dependent manner in human macrophages exposed to Ti particles."	( Thalidomide blocking of particle-induced TNFalpha release in vitro. Bostrom, MP; Lin, JH; Yang, X, 2003)	2.48
"Thalidomide treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period."	( Oesophageal cancer and cachexia: the effect of short-term treatment with thalidomide on weight loss and lean body mass. Austin, A; Cole, AT; Freeman, JG; Holt, M; Khan, ZH; MacDonald, I; Pye, D; Simpson, EJ, 2003)	1.99
"Thalidomide + CCl(4) treated rats showed minor histological alterations and thinner bands of collagen."	( Thalidomide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis in the rat. Fernández-Martínez, E; García, J; Lara-Ochoa, F; Muriel, P; Pérez-Alvarez, V; Ponce, S; Shibayama, M; Tsutsumi, V, 2003)	2.48
"Thalidomide treatment did not significantly alter tumor growth as compared with controls."	( Thalidomide is anti-angiogenic in a xenograft model of neuroblastoma. Beck, L; Frischer, JS; Huang, J; Kadenhe-Chiweshe, A; Kaicker, S; Kandel, JJ; McCrudden, KW; New, T; Serur, A; Yamashiro, DJ; Yokoi, A, 2003)	2.48
"Thalidomide-treated and untreated animals showed the same amount of M."	( Experimental murine mycobacteriosis: evaluation of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages in thalidomide- treated mice. Arruda, MS; Oliveira, SM; Richini, VB; Vilani-Moreno, FR, 2004)	1.26
"Thalidomide pretreatment did not affect NF-kappaB activity in HT-29 cells stimulated with LPS but production of TNF-alpha was depressed."	( The effects of thalidomide on the stimulation of NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha production by lipopolysaccharide in a human colonic epithelial cell line. Jung, HC; Kim, JS; Kim, YS; Song, IS, 2004)	1.4
"Thalidomide treatment had no significant effect on markers of apoptosis including sunburn cell formation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling, which identifies single-strand breaks in DNA."	( Photoprotection by thalidomide in patients with chronic cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus: discordant effects on minimal erythema dose and sunburn cell formation. Cummins, DL; Gaspari, AA, 2004)	1.37
"Thalidomide-treated group was given thalidomide (10mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days."	( Thalidomide salvages lethal hepatic necroinflammation and accelerates recovery from cirrhosis in rats. Chen, MF; Ho, YP; Huang, SF; Jan, YY; Yeh, JN; Yeh, TS, 2004)	2.49
"Thalidomide-treated patients had a prevalence of AVN similar to that of the control group (8% v 10%, respectively; P = .58)."	( Avascular necrosis of femoral and/or humeral heads in multiple myeloma: results of a prospective study of patients treated with dexamethasone-based regimens and high-dose chemotherapy. Anaissie, E; Angtuaco, E; Barlogie, B; Dong, L; Miceli, MH; Talamo, G; Tricot, G; Walker, RC; Zangari, M, 2005)	1.05
"Thalidomide treatment compares favourably with other typical treatments for multiple myeloma."	( The current status of thalidomide in the management of multiple myeloma. Glasmacher, A; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M, 2005)	1.36
"Thalidomide treatment did not protect normal mice from death but decreased remote lesion occurrence, with concurrent reduced bacterial counts recoverable from blood."	( Lethal outcome caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis A7436 in a mouse chamber model is associated with elevated titers of host serum interferon-gamma. Hu, SW; Huang, JH; Lai, YY; Lin, YY, 2006)	1.06
"Thalidomide treatment before ischemic insult reduces early phase ischemia/reperfusion injury of the spinal cord in rabbits."	( The effect of thalidomide on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rabbit model. Kim, CS; Kim, KW; Lee, CJ; Lee, HM; Lim, YJ; Nahm, FS; Park, JH, 2007)	2.14
"Thalidomide treatment is an adequate therapeutic measure in adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which is rare and difficult to treat. "	( [Thalidomide in adult multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report]. Alioua, Z; Frikh, R; Ghfir, M; Hjira, N; Oumakhir, S; Rimani, M; Sedrati, O, 2006)	2.69
"The thalidomide-treated group showed a significant increase of urinary protein on day 3. "	( Postinflammatory glomerular recanalization is established under the accommodation of transformed mesangial cells. Aoyagi, D; Chowdury, R; Otani, M; Shigematsu, H; Zhang, L, )	0.69
"In thalidomide-treated mice, TNF-alpha RNA levels were reduced in the SCN."	( Tumor necrosis factor alpha and macrophages in the brain of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected BALB/c mice. Atherton, SS; Fields, M; Zhang, M; Zheng, M, 2006)	0.85
"Thalidomide treatment decreased TNF and IL-1 significantly in both experimental groups at both the points (P<0.05)."	( Thalidomide decreases the plasma levels of IL-1 and TNF following burn injury: is it a new drug for modulation of systemic inflammatory response. Eski, M; Ifran, A; Sahin, I; Sengezer, M; Serdar, M, 2008)	2.51
"Thalidomide treatment decreases PMNL infiltration, retinal edema, VEGF, and TNF-alpha synthesis following I/R injury to the guinea pig retina."	( The effect of thalidomide on vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Akpolat, N; Aydoğan, S; Celiker, U; Ilhan, N; Türkçüoğlu, P, 2008)	2.15
"Thalidomide treatment increased retinal endostatin level in ischemia/reperfusion-injured guinea pig retinas."	( Effect of thalidomide on endostatin levels in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aydoğan, S; Celiker, U; Ilhan, N; Türkçüoğlu, P, 2007)	2.18
"Thalidomide treatment in vivo was also associated with a significant reduction in hippocampal neuronal loss."	( Thalidomide inhibition of perturbed vasculature and glial-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha in an animal model of inflamed Alzheimer's disease brain. McLarnon, JG; Ryu, JK, 2008)	2.51
"Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced the degree of: 1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score); 2) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase evaluation); 3) iNOS, nitrotyrosine, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine expression (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta); 4) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP end labeling staining, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression); and 5) nuclear factor-kappaB activation."	( Effect of thalidomide on signal transduction pathways and secondary damage in experimental spinal cord trauma. Bramanti, P; Caminiti, R; Cuzzocrea, S; Di Paola, R; Esposito, E; Genovese, T; Mazzon, E; Meli, R, 2008)	1.47
"Thalidomide treatment should be further studied as a treatment for POEMS syndrome, particularly for patients who are not indicated for transplantation therapy."	( Thalidomide reduces serum VEGF levels and improves peripheral neuropathy in POEMS syndrome. Hattori, T; Kanai, K; Kuwabara, S; Misawa, S; Nakaseko, C; Nishimura, M; Sawai, S, 2008)	3.23
"Thalidomide treatment was well tolerated, without serious adverse events. "	( Thalidomide treatment reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha production and enhances weight gain in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Akarasewi, P; Burroughs, M; Johnson, B; Kaplan, G; Klausner, JD; Makonkawkeyoon, S; Molloy, A; Rom, W; Tramontana, JM; Utaipat, U, 1995)	3.18
"Thalidomide treatment reduces TNF alpha production both in vivo and in vitro and is associated with an accelerated weight gain during the study period."	( Thalidomide treatment reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha production and enhances weight gain in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Akarasewi, P; Burroughs, M; Johnson, B; Kaplan, G; Klausner, JD; Makonkawkeyoon, S; Molloy, A; Rom, W; Tramontana, JM; Utaipat, U, 1995)	2.46
"Thalidomide treated rats had lower TNF levels at all time points (P = <0.01 at 90 and 120 min), with the inhibition being dose dependent."	( Thalidomide inhibits TNF response and increases survival following endotoxin injection in rats. Condon, M; Hsieh, J; Murphy, T; Rush, B; Schmidt, H; Simonian, G, 1996)	2.46
"Thalidomide treatment reduces TNF-alpha production in both experimental systems, but has a greater effect on the more indolent gram positive inflammatory response in which peak TNF-alpha levels in the CSF are reduced by > 50%."	( Effect of thalidomide on the inflammatory response in cerebrospinal fluid in experimental bacterial meningitis. Burroughs, MH; Kaplan, G; Ossig, J; Sokol, K; Tsenova-Berkova, L; Tuomanen, E, 1995)	1.41
"Thalidomide treatment (400 mg/day), however, dramatically improved the colitis within 7 days: fever and diarrhoea disappearing."	( Treatment of colitis in Behçet's disease with thalidomide. den Haan, P; Postema, PT; van Blankenstein, M; van Hagen, PM, 1996)	1.27
"Thalidomide treatment increased HIV RNA levels (median increase, 0.42 log10 copies per milliliter; increase with placebo, 0.05; P=0.04)."	( Thalidomide for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Chernoff, M; Fahey, JL; Fox, L; Greenspan, JS; Jackson, JB; Jacobson, JM; Ketter, N; MacPhail, LA; Spritzler, J; Vasquez, GJ; Wohl, DA; Wu, AW, 1997)	2.46
"Thalidomide treatment did not interfere with the production of GM-CSF, IL-1 beta, or IFN-gamma."	( Thalidomide protects mice against LPS-induced shock. Kaplan, G; Moreira, AL; Sarno, EN; Wang, J, 1997)	2.46
"When thalidomide treatment was combined with antibiotics, there was a marked reduction in TNF-alpha levels, leukocytosis, and brain pathology."	( A combination of thalidomide plus antibiotics protects rabbits from mycobacterial meningitis-associated death. Freedman, VH; Kaplan, G; Sokol, K; Tsenova, L, 1998)	1.09
"Thalidomide treatment resulted in a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 protein levels (blood) and mRNA expression (lungs)."	( Effect of cytokine modulation by thalidomide on the granulomatous response in murine tuberculosis. Freedman, VH; Freeman, S; Kaplan, G; Laochumroonvorapong, P; Moreira, AL; Tsenova-Berkova, L; Wang, J, 1997)	1.3
"Thalidomide-treated LNCaP cells demonstrated increased PSA/cell levels at all concentrations tested compared to untreated control cells."	( Thalidomide up-regulates prostate-specific antigen secretion from LNCaP cells. Bauer, KS; Dixon, SC; Figg, WD; Kruger, EA, 1999)	2.47
"Thalidomide treatment increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and lymphocyte proliferation to purified protein derivative."	( Thalidomide-induced antigen-specific immune stimulation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and tuberculosis. Bekker, LG; Haslett, P; Kaplan, G; Maartens, G; Steyn, L, 2000)	2.47
"Thalidomide treatment was found to cause potent and selective inhibition of IL-8 production in a dose-responsive manner."	( Effect of thalidomide on chemokine production by human microglia. Hu, S; Lokensgard, JR; Peterson, PK; Sheng, WS; van Fenema, EM, 2000)	1.43
"In thalidomide-treated SSc patients, plasma levels of IL-12 and TNF-alpha increased, while plasma IL-5 and IL-10 levels remained unchanged."	( Immune stimulation in scleroderma patients treated with thalidomide. Kaplan, G; Moreira, A; Oliver, SJ, 2000)	1.07
"Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced cell adhesion molecule expression in a dose-dependent fashion and inhibited HUVEC/CEM cell adhesion."	( Down-regulation of cell adhesion molecules LFA-1 and ICAM-1 after in vitro treatment with the anti-TNF-alpha agent thalidomide. Davis, MF; Ezell, T; Mack, C; Settles, B; Stevenson, A; Taylor, LD; Wilson, K, 2001)	1.24
"Thalidomide treatment was successful in the majority of animals (16 of 18)."	( Therapy of chronic graft-v-host disease in a rat model. Friedman, KJ; Hess, AD; Santos, GW; Vogelsang, GB, 1989)	1
"Treatment with thalidomide stopped the progression of the disease in two cases."	( Progressive mucinous histiocytosis treated successfully with thalidomide: a rare case report. Abdollahimajd, F; Diab, R; Kaddah, A; Rakhshan, A; Shahidi Dadras, M, 2023)	1.49
"Treatment with thalidomide markedly stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPKα."	( Renal-protective effect of thalidomide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through anti-inflammatory pathway. Li, R; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, H, 2018)	1.12
"Treatment with thalidomide is associated with an increased risk of developing peripheral neuropathy, which can be managed with dose reductions and discontinuation, and venous thromboembolism, which warrants thromboprophylaxis."	( Role of thalidomide in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Davies, FE; Morgan, GJ, 2013)	1.16
"Treatment with thalidomide is associated with vascular thrombosis. "	( Increased PAC-1 expression among patients with multiple myeloma on concurrent thalidomide and warfarin. Abdullah, D; Abdullah, WZ; Hussin, A; Roshan, TM; Zain, WS, 2013)	0.97
"Treatment with thalidomide has proved to be effective in the management of these patients."	( Scleromyxedema without paraproteinemia. Abarzúa, AA; Giesen, LF; González, SB; Sandoval, MO, 2014)	0.74
"Treatment with thalidomide and lenalidomide significantly inhibited osteoblast development in vitro, as reflected by a reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization."	( Immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide affect osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Bolomsky, A; Hose, D; Ludwig, H; Meißner, T; Pfeifer, S; Schreder, M; Zojer, N, 2014)	1.05
"Treatment with thalidomide restored malondialdehyde as well as reduction of myeloperoxidase and tumour necrosis factor-alpha towards normal levels."	( Effect of different doses of thalidomide in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Medhi, B; Pandhi, P; Prakash, O; Saikia, UN, 2008)	0.98
"Pretreatment with thalidomide also blocked the ocular hypotension induced by latanoprost; however, thalidomide pretreatment enhanced the duration of the initial hypertension."	( Latanoprost-induced changes in rat intraocular pressure: direct or indirect? Crosson, CE; Husain, S; Yates, PW, 2008)	0.67
"The treatment with thalidomide is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, in particular when it is combined with chemotherapy or dexamethasone. "	( Disseminated intravascular coagulation during treatment with thalidomide. A case report. Sartori, S; Tassinari, D; Tombesi, P, )	0.7
"Treatment with thalidomide alone significantly (p<0.05) decreased interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum without significantly (p<0.05) decreasing the bacterial count in blood."	( A combination of thalidomide and augmentin protects BALB/c mice suffering from Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced sepsis. Chhibber, S; Harjai, K; Kumar, V, 2009)	1.03
"Treatment with Thalidomide preserved VV spatial density [2.7 +/- 0.3 (N), 6.4 +/- 0.7 (HC), 3.5 +/- 0.8 (HC + Th); p = ns HC + Th vs."	( Prevention of vasa vasorum neovascularization attenuates early neointima formation in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Galili, O; Gössl, M; Herrmann, J; Lerman, A; Lerman, LO; Mannheim, D; Rajkumar, SV; Tang, H; Versari, D, 2009)	0.69
"Treatment with thalidomide showed a significant remission of skin lesions compared to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (RR 2.43; 95% CI 1.28 to 4.59) (1 trial, 92 participants)."	( Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. Lockwood, DN; Ramirez, J; Richardus, JH; van Brakel, WH; Van Veen, NH, 2009)	0.69
"Rats treated with thalidomide showed significant increase in SC water compared with naive rats, but not vehicle-treated rats; their neutrophil infiltration and amount of spared/destroyed cord tissue was not different from vehicle-treated rats; and in no case was motor performance improved after thalidomide."	( Thalidomide fails to be therapeutic following contusive spinal cord injury in rats. Franco-Bourland, RE; Fuchs, B; Grijalva, I; Guízar-Sahagún, G; Madrazo, I; Martínez-Cruz, A; Reyes-Alva, HJ, 2009)	2.12
"Treatment with thalidomide showed a significant benefit compared to aspirin (RR 2.43; 95% CI 1.28 to 4.59)."	( Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. A Cochrane review. Lockwood, DN; Ramirez, J; Richardus, JH; Van Brakel, WH; Van Veen, NH, 2009)	0.69
"Pretreatment with thalidomide and analogues before activation was not different from simultaneous treatment."	( Effect of thalidomide on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Greig, N; Jung, E; Levis, WR; Park, E; Schuller-Levis, G, 2010)	1.09
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in a significant decrease in AUC, PI and IMAX compared with Group A (p<0.05)."	( Quantitative evaluation of viable tissue perfusion changes with contrast-enhanced greyscale ultrasound in a mouse hepatoma model following treatment with different doses of thalidomide. Cao, LH; Han, F; Li, AH; Liu, M; Luo, RZ; Wu, PH; Zheng, W; Zhou, JH, 2011)	0.9
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in a significant decrease in perfusion scores assigned to AUC, IMAX and PI parametric images as compared with control tumors (P < 0.001). "	( Contrast-enhanced ultrasonic parametric perfusion imaging in the evaluation of antiangiogenic tumor treatment. Cao, LH; Han, F; Li, AH; Liu, M; Luo, RZ; Wu, PH; Zheng, W; Zhou, JH, 2012)	0.73
"Pretreatment with thalidomide did not induce statistically significant changes in overall tumor control induced by the"	( Tumor blood vessel "normalization" improves the therapeutic efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in experimental oral cancer. Aromando, RF; Garabalino, MA; Heber, EM; Itoiz, ME; Miller, M; Molinari, AJ; Monti Hughes, A; Nigg, DW; Pozzi, EC; Schwint, AE; Thorp, SI; Trivillin, VA, 2012)	0.7
"Treatment with thalidomide met the protocol specified goal of prolonging PFS at 6 months. "	( A phase II trial of thalidomide in patients with refractory uterine carcinosarcoma and correlation with biomarkers of angiogenesis: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Abulafia, O; Benbrook, DM; Darcy, KM; Hanjani, P; McMeekin, DS; Pearl, ML; Rose, PG; Rubin, SC; Sill, MW; Small, L, 2012)	1.06
"Treatment with thalidomide significantly reduced serum urea, creatinine, phosphorus and iPTH levels and protected against tubulointerstitial injury."	( Thalidomide suppresses inflammation in adenine-induced CKD with uraemia in mice. Blanco, P; Catanozi, S; de Sá Lima, L; Degaspari, S; Dellê, H; Noronha, IL; Santana, AC; Scavone, C; Silva, C; Solez, K, 2013)	2.17
"Treatment with thalidomide caused a preferential decrease in GFP expression in rabbit LBCs but not in rat LBCs."	( Misregulation of gene expression in the redox-sensitive NF-kappab-dependent limb outgrowth pathway by thalidomide. Gong, SG; Hansen, JM; Harris, C; Philbert, M, 2002)	0.87
"Treatment with thalidomide was not shown to be effective and was associated with significantly higher mortality than placebo. "	( Interventions for toxic epidermal necrolysis. Majumdar, S; Mockenhaupt, M; Roujeau, J; Townshend, A, 2002)	0.67
"Treatment with thalidomide, alone and in combination with other therapies, may improve survival for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma."	( Continuing education: The emergence of thalidomide in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma. Monroe, D; Perez, C; Wood, LS, )	0.75
"Mice treated with thalidomide had significantly smaller mean (7986 +/- 5189 vs 19607 +/- 10353 microns 2, p = 0.05) and maximum (15800 [12777-23675] vs 37169 [28000-41351] microns 2, p = 0.03) lesion sizes than those treated with placebo."	( Thalidomide inhibits early atherogenesis in apoE-deficient mice. Chew, M; Daugherty, A; Ellermann-Eriksen, S; Eriksson, T; Falk, E; Hansen, PR; Zhou, J, 2003)	2.09
"We treated with thalidomide 17 patients (12 males, 5 females), average age 51 (range 42-73 years), mean time since diagnosis to the start of thalidomide treatment was 24 months (range 5-48)."	( [Preliminary results of monotherapy with thalidomide in recurrent and treatment resistant cases of multiple myeloma]. Helbig, G; Hołowiecki, J; Kyrcz-Krzemień, S; Stella-Hołowiecka, B, 2003)	0.92
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in apoptosis of human peripheral blood monocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by annexin V staining."	( Thalidomide induces apoptosis in human monocytes by using a cytochrome c-dependent pathway. Domschke, W; Gockel, HR; Heidemann, J; Kucharzik, T; Lügering, A; Lügering, N; Schmidt, M, 2004)	2.11
"Treatment with thalidomide, 100 mg/d. "	( Thalidomide treatment for prurigo nodularis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects: efficacy and risk of neuropathy. Berger, T; Maurer, T; Poncelet, A, 2004)	2.12
"Treatment with thalidomide is a potentially useful antitumor therapy for ovarian cancer."	( [Study of thalidomide on the growth and angiogenesis of ovary cancer SKOV3 transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice]. Cao, ZY; Li, W; Peng, ZL, 2005)	1.07
"We treated with thalidomide seven patients with primary MDS and observed reduction of the transfusion requirement in three cases and reduction of bone marrow blasts in one case. "	( Thalidomide treatment reduces apoptosis levels in bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Ascari, E; Benatti, C; Brugnatelli, S; De Amici, M; Invernizzi, R; Ramajoli, I; Rovati, B; Travaglino, E, 2005)	2.12
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in complete resolution of the cutaneous lesions within one month of therapy."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of recalcitrant Sweet's syndrome associated with myelodysplasia. Browning, CE; Callen, JP; Dixon, JE; Malone, JC, 2005)	2.11
"Treatment with thalidomide would prove more efficacious if the drug could be delivered directly to target areas in the gut, thereby reducing systemic circulation."	( A new method for targeted drug delivery using polymeric microcapsules: implications for treatment of Crohn's disease. Amre, D; Chen, H; Das, SK; Halim, T; Haque, T; Jones, ML; Metz, T; Mirzaei, M; Prakash, S, 2005)	0.67
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in significantly less potent inhibition of osteoclast formation and bone resorption."	( Thalidomide derivative CC-4047 inhibits osteoclast formation by down-regulation of PU.1. Anderson, G; Anderson, J; Donnenberg, A; Donnenberg, V; Ghobrial, I; Gries, M; Honjo, T; Kurihara, N; Lentzsch, S; Mapara, MY; Roodman, D; Stirling, D, 2006)	2.12
"Treatment with thalidomide, 50-150 mg/d, and prednisolone, 25 mg/d, resulted in an increase in haemoglobin to 8.9 mmol/l during the following months."	( [Refractory anaemia successfully treated with thalidomide]. Hansen, M; Hansen, PB, 2006)	0.93
"We treated with thalidomide 200 mg/day after neurological examination."	( [Thalidomide in adult multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report]. Alioua, Z; Frikh, R; Ghfir, M; Hjira, N; Oumakhir, S; Rimani, M; Sedrati, O, 2006)	1.58
"Treatment with thalidomide seems an effective therapy for patients with frequently recurring gastrointestinal blood loss due to angiodysplasias who no longer tolerate conventional and invasive procedures due to their physical condition."	( [Thalidomide for the treatment of recurrent gastrointestinal blood loss due to intestinal angiodysplasias]. de Koning, DB; Drenth, JP; Friederich, P; Nagengast, FM, 2006)	1.58
"Treatment with thalidomide led to resolution of the disease."	( Successful thalidomide therapy for actinic prurigo in a European woman. Hofer, A; Holzer, A; Kerl, H; Legat, FJ; Wolf, P, 2006)	1.06
"Treatment with thalidomide was started and great improvement of the lesion was noted as shown by a quality of life questionnaire similar to those used in rheumatoid arthritis."	( Scleromyxedema: successful treatment with thalidomide in two patients. Amini-Adle, M; Balme, B; Dalle, S; Thieulent, N; Thomas, L, 2007)	0.94
"Treatment with thalidomide was associated with a significant decrease in plasma bFGF (p=0.008) and serum sEPCR (p=0.006), but not in plasma VEGF."	( A phase II trial of thalidomide in patients with refractory leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and correlation with biomarkers of angiogenesis: a gynecologic oncology group study. Benbrook, D; Darcy, KM; McMeekin, DS; Sill, MW; Stearns-Kurosawa, DJ; Waggoner, S; Webster, K, 2007)	1
"Treatment with thalidomide was not associated with a significant improvement in survival of SCLC patients. "	( Phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled study of thalidomide in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer after response to chemotherapy: an intergroup study FNCLCC cleo04 IFCT 00-01. Breton, JL; David, P; Gameroff, S; Genève, J; Gervais, R; Janicot, H; Maraninchi, D; Pujol, JL; Quoix, E; Tanguy, ML; Westeel, V, 2007)	0.94
"The treatment with thalidomide was continued as maintenance for up to 2 years."	( Phase II trial of thalidomide with chemotherapy and as maintenance therapy for patients with poor prognosis small-cell lung cancer. Buchler, T; Ellis, P; Hackshaw, A; James, L; Lee, SM; Snee, M, 2008)	1
"Treatment with thalidomide provides an effective alternative to steroid therapy, gives better long-term control and avoids the adverse effects of prolonged steroid therapy."	( The role of thalidomide in the management of erythema nodosum leprosum. Lockwood, DN; Walker, SL; Waters, MF, 2007)	1.06
"Cotreatment with thalidomide (150 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) for 7 days) also reduced hyperreactivity to phenylephrine induced by isoproterenol."	( Effects of isoproterenol treatment for 7 days on inflammatory mediators in the rat aorta. Cachofeiro, V; Davel, AP; De Sá, LL; Fukuda, LE; Lahera, V; Munhoz, CD; Rossoni, LV; Sanz-Rosa, D; Scavone, C, 2008)	0.67
"Treatment with thalidomide produced complete resolution of ulcers in 14 and significant improvement in the remaining patient."	( Thalidomide in severe orogenital ulceration. Allen, BR; Jenkins, JS; Littlewood, SM; Maurice, PD; Powell, RJ; Smith, NJ, 1984)	2.05
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in a dramatic clearing of skin lesions but failed to improve pathological laboratory tests."	( [Treatment of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with thalidomide]. Volc-Platzer, B; Wolff, K, 1983)	0.85
"Treatment with thalidomide neither consistently altered mycobacterial burden in the spleens or livers of infected mice nor affected serum TNF-alpha levels."	( Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha alters resistance to Mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice. Bala, S; Dempsey, WL; Hastings, KL; Inglis, S; Kazempour, K, 1998)	0.64
"Treatment with thalidomide led to rapid regression."	( [Bullous erythema nodosum leprosum. A case report in French Guiana]. About, V; Couppié, P; Heid, E; Pradinaud, R; Sainte-Marie, D, 1998)	0.64
"Oral treatment of thalidomide or sulindac alone inhibited tumour growth by 55% and 35% respectively."	( Combination oral antiangiogenic therapy with thalidomide and sulindac inhibits tumour growth in rabbits. D'Amato, RJ; Panigrahy, D; Verheul, HM; Yuan, J, 1999)	0.89
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in prompt recovery of the mucocutaneous lesions and gastrointestinal manifestations."	( Successful thalidomide treatment of severe infantile Behçet disease. Bergman, R; Brik, R; Shamali, H, )	0.86
"Treatment with thalidomide and dexamethasone was given to 26 patients with active, previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM). "	( Therapeutic application of thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Kyle, RA; Rajkumar, SV, 2001)	0.96

Toxicity

Long term thalidomide is effective and safe for treating resistant ankylosing spondylitis and it has cumulative effect as duration prolongs. High-dose thalidmide has induced many adverse events, including in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems in approximately 20%-50% of patients. Severe skin reactions (exfoliative erythroderma, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis) that required hospitalization and withdrawal of thalidamide developed in 3 patients receiving thalidumide and dexamethasone.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Also the toxic dose to the mothers, 3000 mg/kg, given to rabbits in case of one FWA was without these effects."	( Studies of embryo toxicity in rats and rabbits. Lorke, D; Machemer, L, 1975)	0.25
"The sedative thalidomide was withdrawn from the market 30 years ago because of its teratogenic and neurotoxic adverse effects."	( Thalidomide in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. A review of safety considerations. Günzler, V, )	1.94
" Since reports on thalidomide neurotoxicity have shown that the neurological symptoms are long standing and possibly irreversible, it is obviously important to inform patients of this possible side effect and to evaluate them closely for the symptoms and electrophysiological signs of evolving neurological changes."	( Thalidomide neurotoxicity. Andersen, KE; Clemmensen, OJ; Olsen, PZ, 1984)	2.04
" Thalidomide is a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for treatment-resistant dermatoses as long as proper vigilance for adverse effects is maintained."	( Rediscovering thalidomide: a review of its mechanism of action, side effects, and potential uses. Pak, G; Pomeranz, MK; Shupack, JL; Tseng, S; Washenik, K, 1996)	1.56
" In an interim analysis of nine patients, thalidomide had almost eliminated the dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxic effects of irinotecan, especially diarrhoea and nausea (each p<0."	( Effect of thalidomide on gastrointestinal toxic effects of irinotecan. Broadwater, R; Govindarajan, R; Hauer-Jensen, M; Heaton, KM; Lang, NP; Zeitlin, A, 2000)	0.97
" During the first 18 months of spontaneous postmarketing adverse event surveillance for Thalomid, 1210 spontaneous postmarketing adverse event reports were received for patients treated with prescription thalidomide for all therapeutic indications, including off-label use."	( Thalomid (Thalidomide) capsules: a review of the first 18 months of spontaneous postmarketing adverse event surveillance, including off-label prescribing. Clark, TE; Edom, N; Larson, J; Lindsey, LJ, 2001)	0.9
" Overall, adverse events were fatigue, constipation, rash, and neuropathy (grade 1 to 2 in most patients)."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Berdel, WE; Bieker, R; Buechner, T; Kessler, T; Kienast, J; Kropff, M; Mesters, RM; Padró, T; Ruiz, S; Steins, MB, 2002)	0.63
" We conclude that severe lung toxicity should be included among the potential adverse effects of thalidomide."	( [Lung toxicity due to thalidomide]. Bertomeu González, V; Carrión Valero, F, 2002)	0.85
" We present the adverse effect profile of thalidomide in 23 relapsed or refractory MM patients treated with this drug over a period of 15 months."	( The adverse effects of thalidomide in relapsed and refractory patients of multiple myeloma. Grover, JK; Raina, V; Uppal, G, 2002)	0.89
" In patients with advanced HF, thalidomide was safe and potentially effective when used at lower doses."	( Preclinical and clinical assessment of the safety and potential efficacy of thalidomide in heart failure. Agoston, I; Bozkurt, B; Dibbs, ZI; Mann, DL; Muller, G; Wang, F; Zeldis, JB, 2002)	0.83
" Severe skin reactions (exfoliative erythroderma, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis) that required hospitalization and withdrawal of thalidomide developed in 3 patients receiving thalidomide and dexamethasone."	( Dermatologic side effects of thalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma. Bouwhuis, S; El-Azhary, RA; Hall, VC; Rajkumar, SV, 2003)	0.81
" As a result of adverse effects, salvage therapy had to be discontinued or reduced in 14 patients (26%)."	( Outcome and toxicity of salvage treatment on patients relapsing after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation--experience from a single center. Berlanga, J; Büchler, T; Encuentra, M; Ferra, C; Gallardo, D; Grañena, A; Hermosilla, M; Sarra, J, 2003)	0.32
"Thalidomide, an antiemetic administered in 60th of the 20th century to pregnant women, has become notorious for a range of adverse effects which led to its taking off market."	( [Desirable and undesirable effects of thalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma]. Foldyna, D; Hájek, R; Kamelander, J; Krejcí, M, 2003)	2.03
" In all, 87% of adverse effects were classified as grade 1 or grade 2 according to Common Toxicity Criteria and there were no serious adverse events attributable to CC-5013 treatment."	( Phase I study to determine the safety, tolerability and immunostimulatory activity of thalidomide analogue CC-5013 in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and other advanced cancers. Bartlett, JB; Clarke, IA; Dalgleish, AG; Dredge, K; Kristeleit, H; Michael, A; Muller, GW; Nicholson, S; Pandha, H; Polychronis, A; Stirling, DI; Zeldis, J, 2004)	0.55
"To determine the progression-free survival at 12 weeks, to evaluate the toxic effects, and to analyze the biological activity of thalidomide in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation."	( Thalidomide for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation: results of an open-label multicenter phase 2 study of efficacy, toxicity, and biological activity. Alsina, M; Anderson, K; Blood, E; Bosch, J; Dalton, W; Davies, F; Desikan, R; Doss, D; Freeman, A; Hideshima, T; Jagannath, S; Knight, R; Mitsiades, C; Patin, J; Richardson, P; Schlossman, R; Weller, E; Zeldis, J, 2004)	1.97
"The optimal thalidomide dose varies, and adverse effects can be dose limiting."	( Thalidomide for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation: results of an open-label multicenter phase 2 study of efficacy, toxicity, and biological activity. Alsina, M; Anderson, K; Blood, E; Bosch, J; Dalton, W; Davies, F; Desikan, R; Doss, D; Freeman, A; Hideshima, T; Jagannath, S; Knight, R; Mitsiades, C; Patin, J; Richardson, P; Schlossman, R; Weller, E; Zeldis, J, 2004)	2.15
" The incidence and severity of adverse events are related to dose and duration of therapy."	( Management of thalidomide toxicity. Ghobrial, IM; Rajkumar, SV, )	0.49
"Neurotoxicity was the most troublesome and frequent toxic effect that was observed after long-term treatment, the incidence averaging 75%."	( Neurological toxicity of long-term (>1 yr) thalidomide therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Baccarani, M; Cangini, D; Cavo, M; Cellini, C; Pastorelli, F; Perrone, G; Plasmati, R; Tacchetti, P; Tosi, P; Tura, S; Zamagni, E, 2005)	0.59
" Their toxic profile is favorable, but during the drug development process some severe (sometimes lethal) toxicities have been observed, such as interstitial lung disease in patients treated with drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor."	( Side effects of anti-cancer molecular-targeted therapies (not monoclonal antibodies). Awada, A; de Castro, G, 2006)	0.33
" Adverse events, including thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy, have affected 30% to 60% of patients overall, and interrupted therapy in 10% to 20%."	( A multicenter retrospective analysis of adverse events in Korean patients using bortezomib for multiple myeloma. Bang, SM; Cho, KS; Jo, DY; Kim, CC; Kim, CS; Kim, K; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, KH; Lee, NR; Min, CK; Min, YH; Park, S; Seong, CM; Sohn, SK; Suh, C; Yoon, HJ; Yoon, SS, 2006)	0.33
"Thalidomide is a relatively safe and efficacious form of therapy in the treatment of advanced, refractory multiple myeloma."	( Thalidomide-induced severe hepatotoxicity. Hanje, AJ; Meis, GM; Shamp, JL; Thomas, FB, 2006)	3.22
"To examine dermatologic adverse effects of lenalidomide in patients with amyloidosis and multiple myeloma and to determine whether the adverse effects are different when lenalidomide is used alone compared with when it is used in combination with dexamethasone."	( Dermatologic adverse effects of lenalidomide therapy for amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. Davis, MD; Dispenzieri, A; Rajkumar, SV; Sviggum, HP, 2006)	0.33
"The prevalence of dermatologic adverse effects in patients receiving lenalidomide was higher in those with amyloidosis than in those with multiple myeloma."	( Dermatologic adverse effects of lenalidomide therapy for amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. Davis, MD; Dispenzieri, A; Rajkumar, SV; Sviggum, HP, 2006)	0.33
" Patients with comorbid disease had a significantly greater incidence of adverse reactions than those without (93."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Chiou, HE; Liu, HW; Wang, TE; Wang, YY, 2006)	0.64
" The majority of adverse events were grades 1-2, including fatigue (25/80 cycles), nausea/vomiting (23/80), constipation (13/80), abdominal pain (17/80), rash (12/80), neutropenia (12/80), and anemia (12/80)."	( Safety and efficacy of lenalidomide (Revlimid) in recurrent ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma. Chan, JK; Guo, HY; Husain, A; Teng, NN; Zhang, MM, 2007)	0.34
" Neuropathy is the main adverse effect, but appears to be cumulative dose-dependent, thus allowing long-term remission before drug suspension."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children and young adults with intractable inflammatory bowel disease: long-term results. Bradaschia, F; Lazzerini, M; Marchetti, F; Martelossi, S; Ronfani, L; Scabar, A; Ventura, A, 2007)	0.65
"In all studies, thalidomide was selectively toxic to development."	( Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of lenalidomide in rabbits. Christian, MS; Hoberman, A; Laskin, OL; Latriano, L; Sharper, V; Stirling, DI, 2007)	0.69
" Unlike thalidomide, lenalidomide affected embryo-fetal development only at maternally toxic dosages, confirming that structure-activity relationships may not predict maternal or developmental effects."	( Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of lenalidomide in rabbits. Christian, MS; Hoberman, A; Laskin, OL; Latriano, L; Sharper, V; Stirling, DI, 2007)	0.77
" The most common Grade 3/4 adverse events experienced on thalidomide monotherapy were venous thrombosis (3."	( Systematic review to establish the safety profiles for direct and indirect inhibitors of p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinases for treatment of cancer. A systematic review of the literature. Claflin, JE; Crean, S; Lahn, M; Linz, H; Noel, JK; Ranganathan, G, 2008)	0.59
" Other toxic effects included infections, skin reactions."	( Long term use of thalidomide: safe and effective. Grover, J; Kumar, R; Raina, V; Sharma, A; Uppal, G, )	0.47
" Serious adverse events including tumor flare and tumor lysis are summarized."	( Higher doses of lenalidomide are associated with unacceptable toxicity including life-threatening tumor flare in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Andritsos, LA; Awan, F; Blum, W; Byrd, JC; Chen, CS; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Kefauver, C; Knight, RD; Lapalombella, R; Lehman, A; Lozanski, G; May, SE; Raymond, CA; Ruppert, AS; Smith, LL; Wang, DS, 2008)	0.35
"Four consecutive patients were treated with lenalidomide; all had serious adverse events."	( Higher doses of lenalidomide are associated with unacceptable toxicity including life-threatening tumor flare in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Andritsos, LA; Awan, F; Blum, W; Byrd, JC; Chen, CS; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Kefauver, C; Knight, RD; Lapalombella, R; Lehman, A; Lozanski, G; May, SE; Raymond, CA; Ruppert, AS; Smith, LL; Wang, DS, 2008)	0.35
"Lenalidomide administered at 25 mg/d in relapsed CLL is associated with unacceptable toxicity; the rapid onset and adverse clinical effects of tumor flare represent a significant limitation of lenalidomide use in CLL at this dose."	( Higher doses of lenalidomide are associated with unacceptable toxicity including life-threatening tumor flare in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Andritsos, LA; Awan, F; Blum, W; Byrd, JC; Chen, CS; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Kefauver, C; Knight, RD; Lapalombella, R; Lehman, A; Lozanski, G; May, SE; Raymond, CA; Ruppert, AS; Smith, LL; Wang, DS, 2008)	0.35
" Thalidomide has been reported to be effective for these patients; however, high-dose thalidomide has induced many adverse events, including in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems in approximately 20%-50% of patients."	( A pharmacokinetic study evaluating the relationship between treatment efficacy and incidence of adverse events with thalidomide plasma concentrations in patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Abe, M; Iida, S; Kodama, T; Miyata, A; Murakami, H; Ozaki, S; Sakai, A; Sawamura, M; Shimazaki, C; Wakayama, T, 2009)	1.47
" When severe adverse events did not develop, the dose was increased to 200 mg/day in the second week and was continued until progression."	( A pharmacokinetic study evaluating the relationship between treatment efficacy and incidence of adverse events with thalidomide plasma concentrations in patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Abe, M; Iida, S; Kodama, T; Miyata, A; Murakami, H; Ozaki, S; Sakai, A; Sawamura, M; Shimazaki, C; Wakayama, T, 2009)	0.56
" Severe adverse events, including grade > 2 nonhematologic and grade > 3 hematologic adverse events, were observed in 21 patients (46."	( A pharmacokinetic study evaluating the relationship between treatment efficacy and incidence of adverse events with thalidomide plasma concentrations in patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Abe, M; Iida, S; Kodama, T; Miyata, A; Murakami, H; Ozaki, S; Sakai, A; Sawamura, M; Shimazaki, C; Wakayama, T, 2009)	0.56
"The thalidomide concentration in the plasma does not predict treatment efficacy and the development of adverse events."	( A pharmacokinetic study evaluating the relationship between treatment efficacy and incidence of adverse events with thalidomide plasma concentrations in patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Abe, M; Iida, S; Kodama, T; Miyata, A; Murakami, H; Ozaki, S; Sakai, A; Sawamura, M; Shimazaki, C; Wakayama, T, 2009)	1.12
" The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (60%), thrombocytopenia (39%), and anemia (20%), which proved manageable with dose reduction."	( Safety and efficacy of single-agent lenalidomide in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Anderson, KC; Badros, AZ; Bensinger, W; Berenson, J; Hussein, M; Irwin, D; Jagannath, S; Kenvin, L; Knight, R; Olesnyckyj, M; Richardson, P; Singhal, S; Vescio, R; Williams, SF; Yu, Z; Zeldis, J, 2009)	0.35
" The most common adverse events (AEs) were haematological (49%), gastrointestinal (59%), and fatigue (55%)."	( Expanded safety experience with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Abonour, R; Alsina, M; Bahlis, NJ; Boccia, RV; Chen, C; Coutre, SE; Knight, RD; Kumar, S; Matous, J; Niesvizky, R; Pietronigro, D; Rajkumar, V; Reece, DE; Richardson, P; Siegel, D; Stadtmauer, EA; Vescio, R; Zeldis, JB, 2009)	0.35
"These data indicate that intravitreal application of thalidomide can be an effective and safe way to treat retinal neovascularisation."	( Intravitreal thalidomide reduces experimental preretinal neovascularisation without induction of retinal toxicity. Erber, R; Hammes, HP; Jonas, JB; Kamppeter, BA; Vom Hagen, F, 2010)	0.98
" In conclusion, bortezomib-based regimens are safe and effective and should be considered as appropriate treatment options for MM patients with any degree of RI."	( Safety and efficacy of bortezomib-based regimens for multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment: a retrospective study of Italian Myeloma Network GIMEMA. Baldini, L; Boccadoro, M; Bringhen, S; Callea, V; Casulli, AF; Catalano, L; Cavo, M; Ciolli, S; Di Raimondo, F; Galimberti, S; Gentile, M; Mannina, D; Mele, G; Morabito, F; Musto, P; Offidani, M; Palmieri, S; Palumbo, A; Petrucci, MT; Pinotti, G; Piro, E; Tosi, P, 2010)	0.36
" Thalidomide, in combination with MP, is associated with adverse events (AEs) including peripheral neuropathy and venous thromboembolism."	( Consensus guidelines for the optimal management of adverse events in newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible patients receiving melphalan and prednisone in combination with thalidomide (MPT) for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bladé, J; Davies, F; Delforge, M; Facon, T; Garcia Sanz, R; Kropff, M; Leal da Costa, F; Moreau, P; Morgan, G; Palumbo, A; Schey, S, 2010)	1.46
" Most adverse events were of mild degree and manageable."	( Bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone combination therapy followed by thalidomide and dexamethasone consolidation as a salvage treatment for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: analysis of efficacy and safety. Bang, SM; Chung, J; Do, YR; Jin, JY; Joo, YD; Kang, HJ; Kim, BS; Kim, HY; Kim, K; Lee, DS; Lee, GW; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, MH; Lee, SS; Park, J; Ryoo, HM; Shim, H; Suh, C; Yoon, SS, 2010)	0.59
" The major adverse events associated with these treatments are somnolence (thalidomide), venous thromboembolism (thalidomide and lenalidomide), myelosuppression (lenalidomide and bortezomib), gastrointestinal disturbance, and peripheral neuropathy (thalidomide and bortezomib)."	( Management of treatment-related adverse events in patients with multiple myeloma. Mateos, MV, 2010)	0.59
"The results from this study indicated that, with careful monitoring of the CLCr level and adverse events as well as appropriate dose adjustments, lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is an effective and well tolerated treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma who have RI."	( The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma patients with impaired renal function. Alegre, A; de Castro, CM; Dimopoulos, M; Goldschmidt, H; Masliak, Z; Olesnyckyj, M; Reece, D; Stadtmauer, EA; Weber, DM; Yu, Z; Zonder, JA, 2010)	0.36
" Nonhematologic grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 35% of once-weekly patients and 51% of twice-weekly patients (P = ."	( Efficacy and safety of once-weekly bortezomib in multiple myeloma patients. Benevolo, G; Boccadoro, M; Bringhen, S; Callea, V; Cangialosi, C; Cavalli, M; Cavo, M; De Rosa, L; Evangelista, A; Falcone, AP; Gaidano, G; Gentili, S; Genuardi, M; Grasso, M; Guglielmelli, T; Larocca, A; Levi, A; Liberati, AM; Musto, P; Nozzoli, C; Palumbo, A; Patriarca, F; Ria, R; Rizzo, V; Rossi, D, 2010)	0.36
" Three patients experienced a grade 4 adverse reaction; two pulmonary emboli and one cerebral ischemia."	( Phase I safety study of lenalidomide and dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma previously untreated with systemic chemotherapy. Bassett, R; Bedikian, A; Hwu, P; Hwu, WJ; Kim, KB; Knight, RD; Papadopoulos, NE; Patnana, M, 2010)	0.36
" Fludarabine was highly toxic to the cells, producing very high levels of cell death; however, thalidomide did not increase this effect."	( Thalidomide enhances cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone-mediated cytotoxicity towards cultured chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Allsup, D; Bailey, J; Eagle, G; Evans, P; Greenman, J; Pointon, JC, 2010)	2.02
"8%) withdrew from the study because of adverse events."	( [The efficacy and safety of long-term thalidomide in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis]. Huang, F; Zhang, JL; Zhu, J, 2010)	0.63
"Long term thalidomide is effective and safe for treating resistant ankylosing spondylitis and it has cumulative effect as duration prolongs."	( [The efficacy and safety of long-term thalidomide in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis]. Huang, F; Zhang, JL; Zhu, J, 2010)	1.03
" On the other hand, when new drugs are used it is very important to know their associated toxicity, since adequate management of the adverse effects can help to avoid unnecessary treatment interruptions - thereby undoubtedly contributing to improvement in the efficacy of therapy."	( Management of the adverse effects of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma. González Rodríguez, AP, 2011)	0.37
" The major adverse events (AEs) associated with lenalidomide include: hematological toxicities (myelosuppression), mainly neutropenia, venous thromboembolism, gastrointestinal disturbance, skin toxicity, atrial fibrillation, asthenia, and decreased peripheral blood stem cell yield during stem cell collection when lenalidomide is used after a long period of time."	( Lenalidomide treatment for patients with multiple myeloma: diagnosis and management of most frequent adverse events. García Sánchez, PJ; González Rodríguez, AP; Mesa, MG; Pérez Persona, E, 2011)	0.37
" However, these benefits are accompanied by increases in treatment-related adverse events (AEs), which may be particularly pronounced in older individuals."	( Practical management of adverse events in multiple myeloma: can therapy be attenuated in older patients? Bringhen, S; Mateos, MV; Palumbo, A; San Miguel, JF, 2011)	0.37
" The most common adverse events were mild to moderate (grades 1, 2)."	( [The efficacy and safety of bortezomib plus thalidomide in treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma]. Chen, SL; Gao, W; Jiang, B; Qiu, LG; Yu, L; Zhong, YP, 2011)	0.63
" Febrile neutropenia was rare (4%) and there were no toxic deaths."	( Lenalidomide can be safely combined with R-CHOP (R2CHOP) in the initial chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell lymphomas: phase I study. Ansell, SM; Habermann, TM; Inwards, DJ; Johnston, PB; Klebig, RR; LaPlant, B; Macon, WR; Micallef, IN; Nowakowski, GS; Porrata, LF; Reeder, CB; Rivera, CE; Witzig, TE, 2011)	0.37
" We conclude that pulmonary toxicity is a potential adverse effect of pomalidomide therapy and encourage physicians to remain cognizant of its clinical presentation."	( Acute lung toxicity related to pomalidomide. Geyer, HL; Lacy, MQ; Leslie, KO; Mikhael, JR; Stewart, K; Viggiano, RW; Witzig, TE, 2011)	0.37
" In both arms, greater rates of severe hematologic adverse events were associated with RI (eGFR < 50 mL/min), however, therapy discontinuation rates were unaffected."	( Safety and efficacy of bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide followed by bortezomib-thalidomide maintenance (VMPT-VT) versus bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone (VMP) in untreated multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment. Baldini, L; Benevolo, G; Boccadoro, M; Bringhen, S; Cascavilla, N; Cavo, M; Di Raimondo, F; Gentile, M; Grasso, M; Guglielmelli, T; Majolino, I; Marasca, R; Mazzone, C; Montefusco, V; Morabito, F; Musolino, C; Musto, P; Nozzoli, C; Offidani, M; Palumbo, A; Patriarca, F; Petrucci, MT; Ria, R; Rossi, D; Vincelli, I, 2011)	0.62
" Common adverse events included fatigue, injection site reactions, constipation, nausea, pruritus and febrile neutropenia."	( Safety, efficacy and biological predictors of response to sequential azacitidine and lenalidomide for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Abdel-Wahab, O; Berube, C; Bhattacharya, S; Coutre, S; Figueroa, ME; Gallegos, L; Gotlib, JR; Kohrt, HE; Levine, R; Liedtke, M; Medeiros, BC; Melnick, A; Mitchell, BS; Pollyea, DA; Zehnder, J; Zhang, B, 2012)	0.38
" Most adverse events occur early during the course of treatment and are manageable."	( The clinical safety of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Fenaux, P; Freeman, J; Palumbo, A; Weiss, L, 2012)	0.38
"The combination of thalidomide and tegafur/uracil was safe and demonstrated modest activity in patients with advanced HCC."	( Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of thalidomide plus metronomic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cheng, AL; Hsiao, CH; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Huang, CC; Lee, KD; Lin, ZZ; Lu, YS; Shao, YY; Shen, YC, 2012)	0.97
" All subjects tolerated apremilast well with no serious adverse events or withdrawal due to side effects."	( A phase 2, open-label, investigator-initiated study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apremilast in subjects with recalcitrant allergic contact or atopic dermatitis. Au, SC; Dumont, N; Gottlieb, AB; Scheinman, P; Volf, EM, 2012)	0.38
" Serum ferritin (SF) was measured monthly, and safety assessment included monitoring of adverse events during treatment and of liver and renal parameters."	( Deferasirox treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes: "real-life" efficacy and safety in a single-institution patient population. Alimena, G; Breccia, M; Colafigli, G; Federico, V; Finsinger, P; Latagliata, R; Loglisci, G; Petrucci, L; Salaroli, A; Santopietro, M; Serrao, A, 2012)	0.38
" The main objective was to estimate the risk of serious adverse events and their impact on outcome."	( Safety of thalidomide in newly diagnosed elderly myeloma patients: a meta-analysis of data from individual patients in six randomized trials. Baldi, I; Beksac, M; Boccadoro, M; Ciccone, G; Galli, M; Gay, F; Gimsing, P; Hulin, C; Juliusson, G; Kolb, B; Leleu, X; Lokhorst, H; Palumbo, A; Pégourié, B; Pezzatti, S; Rodon, P; Rolke, J; Schaafsma, M; Sonneveld, P; Sucak, G; Turesson, I; van der Holt, B; Waage, A; Wetterwald, M; Wijermans, P; Zweegman, S, 2013)	0.79
" The most common adverse events were headache, nasopharyngitis, diarrhoea and nausea."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast in subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: results from a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-comparison study. Hu, C; Kaufmann, R; Papp, KA; Rohane, P; Sutherland, D; Thaçi, D, 2013)	0.39
" These agents have specific adverse event (AE) profiles, and it is especially important to consider severe AEs that may lead to premature discontinuation, negatively affecting outcomes."	( How to maintain patients on long-term therapy: understanding the profile and kinetics of adverse events. Mateos, MV, 2012)	0.38
" There were two serious treatment-related adverse events during the treatment period (cerebrovascular accident, placebo; worsening thrombocytopenia, romiplostim 500 μg)."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of romiplostim treatment of patients with low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome receiving lenalidomide. Gandhi, S; Hu, K; Larson, RA; Liu, D; Lyons, RM; Matei, C; Scott, B; Wang, ES; Yang, AS, 2012)	0.38
"Lenalidomide appears to be efficacious and safe in patients with refractory CLE, but clinical relapse is frequent after its withdrawal."	( Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide for refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ávila, G; Cortés-Hernández, J; Ordi-Ros, J; Vilardell-Tarrés, M, 2012)	0.38
"Cutaneous toxicity is a frequent side effect of new anticancer targeted therapies."	( Cutaneous adverse reactions linked to targeted anticancer therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma: new drugs, old side effects. Brandi, G; Dika, E; Maibach, H; Patrizi, A; Tacchetti, P; Venturi, M, 2014)	0.4
"This study evaluates the impact of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADR) of the new therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide and presents a review of their skin side effects."	( Cutaneous adverse reactions linked to targeted anticancer therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma: new drugs, old side effects. Brandi, G; Dika, E; Maibach, H; Patrizi, A; Tacchetti, P; Venturi, M, 2014)	0.4
" Three adverse events linked to bortezomib and 4 to lenalidomide forced to a complete withdrawal of the drug, while 3 reactions due to bortezomib mandated a dose reduction."	( Cutaneous adverse reactions linked to targeted anticancer therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma: new drugs, old side effects. Brandi, G; Dika, E; Maibach, H; Patrizi, A; Tacchetti, P; Venturi, M, 2014)	0.4
" Our study suggests that cutaneous toxicities, when researched by Dermatologists, are a side effect even more frequent than the reported data."	( Cutaneous adverse reactions linked to targeted anticancer therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma: new drugs, old side effects. Brandi, G; Dika, E; Maibach, H; Patrizi, A; Tacchetti, P; Venturi, M, 2014)	0.4
" Low-dose lenalidomide therapy was effective and safe against MM with a bortezomib-associated lung disorder."	( Safety and effectiveness of low-dose lenalidomide therapy for multiple myeloma complicated with bortezomib-associated interstitial pneumonia. Ihara, K; Inomata, H; Kato, J; Kikuchi, S; Koyama, R; Muramatsu, H; Nagamachi, Y; Nishisato, T; Nozawa, E; Okamoto, T; Ono, K; Tanaka, S; Yamada, H; Yamauchi, N; Yano, T, 2013)	0.39
"Patients received oral lenalidomide 25mg once daily on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle for a maximum of 24 months, until disease progression or development of unacceptable adverse events (AEs)."	( A phase 2, multicentre, single-arm, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-agent lenalidomide (Revlimid) in subjects with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the EXPECT trial. Bosly, A; Coiffier, B; Delarue, R; Fitoussi, O; Gabarre, J; Glaisner, S; Haioun, C; Li, J; Lister, J; Morschhauser, F; Quach, H; Thieblemont, C, 2013)	0.39
" Central hypothyroidism is a well-recognized side effect of bexarotene."	( Thyroid dysfunction as an unintended side effect of anticancer drugs. Appetecchia, M; Baldelli, R; Barnabei, A; Corsello, SM; Paragliola, R; Torino, F, 2013)	0.39
" The most common adverse events observed were neutropenia (56%), thrombocytopenia (50%), and anemia (40%)."	( [Effectiveness and safety of lenalidomide in myelofibrosis patients: a case series from the Spanish compassionate use program]. Asensio, A; Blanes, M; Boqué, C; Castillo, I; Hermosilla, MM; Ojea, MA, )	0.13
" Grade 3-4 hematologic adverse events were: neutropenia in 28% of the courses, thrombocytopenia in 9%, and anemia in 3%."	( Lenalidomide plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab is safe and effective in untreated, elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a phase I study by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. Baldi, I; Bottelli, C; Carella, AM; Castellino, A; Chiappella, A; Ciccone, G; De Masi, P; Gaidano, G; Ladetto, M; Liberati, AM; Orsucci, L; Palumbo, A; Pavone, V; Perticone, S; Rossi, G; Rossini, B; Salvi, F; Tucci, A; Vitolo, U; Zanni, M, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse events were reported in 68."	( "Real-world" data on the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who were treated according to the standard clinical practice: a study of the Greek Myeloma Study Group. Anagnostopoulos, N; Anargyrou, K; Briasoulis, E; Giannakoulas, N; Hatzimichael, E; Karras, G; Katodritou, E; Kotsopoulou, M; Kyriakou, D; Kyrtsonis, MC; Lalagianni, C; Maniatis, A; Matsouka, P; Michali, E; Papageorgiou, G; Spanoudakis, E; Symeonidis, A; Terpos, E; Tsakiridou, A; Tsionos, K; Vadikolia, C; Zikos, P, 2014)	0.4
"The median age of the patients was 58 years, with 30% of the patients aged >65 years, 49% having an International Staging System stage of 2 and 3, 12% having severe renal insufficiency, and 8% demonstrating an adverse result on fluorescence in situ hybridization."	( Efficacy and safety profile of long-term exposure to lenalidomide in patients with recurrent multiple myeloma. Avet Loiseau, H; Bonnet, S; Debarri, H; Demarquette, H; Facon, T; Fouquet, G; Gay, J; Guidez, S; Herbaux, C; Hulin, C; Leleu, X; Michel, J; Miljkovic, D; Perrot, A; Serrier, C; Tardy, S, 2013)	0.39
"The intravitreal implants delivered safe doses of thalidomide that were also effective to induce vessels regression in CAMs."	( In vivo release and retinal safety of intravitreal implants of thalidomide in rabbit eyes and antiangiogenic effect on the chorioallantoic membrane. Fialho, SL; Fulgêncio, GO; Haddad, A; Jorge, R; Messias, A; Miranda, MM; Pereira, BG; Silva-Cunha, A; Souza, PA, 2013)	0.88
" These results provide a path for toxicological assessment of complex chemical mixtures and in detail show the toxic potential of TD and its PTPs as well as its HTPs."	( Identification of phototransformation products of thalidomide and mixture toxicity assessment: an experimental and quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) approach. Kümmerer, K; Leder, C; Mahmoud, WM; Menz, J; Schneider, M; Toolaram, AP, 2014)	0.66
" Adverse events were manageable and mostly included thrombocytopenia and neutropenia."	( Efficacy and safety of lenalinomide combined with rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Aurran-Schleinitz, T; Blaise, D; Bouabdallah, R; Broussais-Guillaumot, F; Chetaille, B; Coso, D; Esterni, B; Ivanov, V; Olive, D; Schiano, JM; Stoppa, AM, 2014)	0.4
" Salvage therapy must be tailored according to an individual patient's clinical profile, with the risks and potential effects of treatment-related adverse events being major determinants of the choice of therapy."	( Treatment-related adverse events in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Vij, R, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion, low-dose lenalidomide plus dexamethasone therapy is an effective and safe regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory POEMS syndrome."	( Efficacy and safety of low-dose lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory POEMS syndrome. Cai, H; Cai, QQ; Cao, XX; Li, J; Wang, C; Zhou, DB, 2015)	0.42
" The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (38 [35%] of 110 patients), muscle pain (ten [9%]), rash (eight [7%]), cough, dyspnoea, or other pulmonary symptoms (five [5%]), fatigue (five [5%]), thrombosis (five [5%]), and thrombocytopenia (four [4%])."	( Safety and activity of lenalidomide and rituximab in untreated indolent lymphoma: an open-label, phase 2 trial. Baladandayuthapani, V; Claret, LC; Davis, RE; Fanale, MA; Fayad, LE; Feng, L; Fowler, NH; Hagemeister, FB; Kwak, LW; McLaughlin, P; Muzzafar, T; Nastoupil, L; Neelapu, SS; Oki, Y; Orlowski, RZ; Rawal, S; Romaguera, JE; Samaniego, F; Shah, J; Tsai, KY; Turturro, F; Wang, M; Westin, JR, 2014)	0.4
" Four dose-limiting toxic events were noted in phase 1: one at a dose of ixazomib of 2·97 mg/m(2) and three at 3·95 mg/m(2)."	( Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1/2 study. Berdeja, JG; Berg, D; Di Bacco, A; Estevam, J; Gupta, N; Hamadani, M; Hari, P; Hui, AM; Kaufman, JL; Kumar, SK; Laubach, JP; Liao, E; Lonial, S; Niesvizky, R; Rajkumar, V; Richardson, PG; Roy, V; Stewart, AK; Vescio, R, 2014)	0.4
" The outcomes included overall response (OR) rate, complete response (CR) rate, 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, and different types of treatment-related adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Guo, XN; Qiao, SK; Ren, HY; Ren, JH, 2015)	0.42
"3% of patients randomized to placebo and apremilast, respectively, had 1 or more adverse events."	( Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Results of a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (Efficacy and Safety Trial Evaluating the Effects of Apremilast in Psoriasis [ESTEEM] 1). Chimenti, S; Day, RM; Gordon, KB; Griffiths, CE; Hu, C; Kircik, L; Korman, NJ; Langley, RG; Leonardi, CL; Papp, K; Reich, K; Stevens, RM, 2015)	0.42
" The most frequent adverse events ≥ grade 3 at 15 mg were 14% anemia and 43% neutropenia."	( Lenalidomide is safe and active in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Arnulf, B; Bakala, J; Banos, A; Bories, C; Brice, P; Choquet, S; Demarquette, H; Dib, M; Fouquet, G; Guidez, S; Herbaux, C; Karlin, L; Leblond, V; LeGouill, S; Leleu, X; Louni, C; Martin, A; Morel, P; Nudel, M; Ohyba, B; Petillon, MO; Poulain, S; Salles, G; Thielemans, B; Tournilhac, O, 2015)	0.42
" Twenty-one (49%) patients had at least one drug-related grade ≥3 adverse event (AE); the most common were neutropenia (19%), diarrhea (14%), and thrombocytopenia (12%)."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in Asian patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma: a phase 1 study. Chim, CS; Chng, WJ; Esseltine, DL; Goh, YT; Gupta, N; Hanley, MJ; Hui, AM; Kim, K; Lee, JH; Min, CK; Venkatakrishnan, K; Wong, RS; Yang, H, 2015)	0.42
" The exposure-adjusted incidence of adverse events did not increase with continued apremilast treatment for up to 52 weeks."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis over 52 weeks: a phase III, randomized controlled trial (ESTEEM 2). Cather, J; Crowley, J; Day, RM; Ferrandiz, C; Girolomoni, G; Gooderham, M; Gottlieb, AB; Hu, C; Mrowietz, U; Paul, C; Poulin, Y; Shah, K; Stevens, RM, 2015)	0.42
"Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect for the antineoplastic drug cisplatin."	( Additive Renoprotection by Pioglitazone and Fenofibrate against Inflammatory, Oxidative and Apoptotic Manifestations of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: Modulation by PPARs. El-Mas, MM; Helmy, MM; Helmy, MW, 2015)	0.42
"0%) and lack of 3/4 grade adverse events (R(2)=1."	( Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide treatment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients--Report of the Polish Myeloma Group. Becht, R; Bołkun, Ł; Butrym, A; Błońska, D; Charliński, G; Dębski, J; Dmoszyńska, A; Druzd-Sitek, A; Dytfeld, D; Hałka, J; Hołojda, J; Hus, M; Januszczyk, J; Jurczyszyn, A; Knopińska-Posłuszny, W; Kuliczkowski, K; Kłoczko, J; Lech-Marańda, E; Legieć, W; Malenda, A; Nowicki, A; Pogrzeba, J; Rymko, M; Rzepecki, P; Stella-Hołowiecka, B; Subocz, E; Torosian, T; Urbanowicz, A; Urbańska-Ryś, H; Usnarska-Zubkiewicz, L; Zaucha, JM; Zdziarska, B; Zubkiewicz-Kucharska, A, 2016)	0.43
"LEN is an effective and safe therapeutic option, even in intensively treated resistant and relapsed MM patients, as well as in patients with stable disease and previous treatment-induced neurological complications."	( Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide treatment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients--Report of the Polish Myeloma Group. Becht, R; Bołkun, Ł; Butrym, A; Błońska, D; Charliński, G; Dębski, J; Dmoszyńska, A; Druzd-Sitek, A; Dytfeld, D; Hałka, J; Hołojda, J; Hus, M; Januszczyk, J; Jurczyszyn, A; Knopińska-Posłuszny, W; Kuliczkowski, K; Kłoczko, J; Lech-Marańda, E; Legieć, W; Malenda, A; Nowicki, A; Pogrzeba, J; Rymko, M; Rzepecki, P; Stella-Hołowiecka, B; Subocz, E; Torosian, T; Urbanowicz, A; Urbańska-Ryś, H; Usnarska-Zubkiewicz, L; Zaucha, JM; Zdziarska, B; Zubkiewicz-Kucharska, A, 2016)	0.43
" We followed up patients each month to assess epistaxis severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide for the treatment of severe recurrent epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study. Balduini, CL; Bastia, R; Bellistri, F; Benazzo, M; Chu, F; Danesino, C; Grignani, P; Invernizzi, R; Klersy, C; Matti, E; Olivieri, C; Ornati, F; Pagella, F; Plumitallo, S; Quaglia, F; Spinozzi, G, 2015)	0.73
" Patients had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were constipation (21 patients), drowsiness (six patients), and peripheral oedema (eight patients)."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide for the treatment of severe recurrent epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study. Balduini, CL; Bastia, R; Bellistri, F; Benazzo, M; Chu, F; Danesino, C; Grignani, P; Invernizzi, R; Klersy, C; Matti, E; Olivieri, C; Ornati, F; Pagella, F; Plumitallo, S; Quaglia, F; Spinozzi, G, 2015)	0.73
"Low-dose thalidomide seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of epistaxis in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide for the treatment of severe recurrent epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study. Balduini, CL; Bastia, R; Bellistri, F; Benazzo, M; Chu, F; Danesino, C; Grignani, P; Invernizzi, R; Klersy, C; Matti, E; Olivieri, C; Ornati, F; Pagella, F; Plumitallo, S; Quaglia, F; Spinozzi, G, 2015)	1.14
" The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia."	( Safety and efficacy of different lenalidomide starting doses in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of an international multicenter double-blinded randomized phase II trial. Buhler, A; Chanan-Khan, A; De Bedout, S; Dürig, J; Fraser, GA; Gribben, JG; Hallek, M; Hillmen, P; Kalaycio, M; Kipps, TJ; Mei, J; Michallet, AS; Purse, B; Stilgenbauer, S; Wendtner, CM; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.43
"Pomalidomide and dexamethasone favored prolonged and safe exposure to treatment in 40% of heavily treated and end-stage RRMM, a paradigm shift in the natural history of RRMM characterized with a succession of shorter disease-free intervals and ultimately shorter survival."	( Safe and prolonged survival with long-term exposure to pomalidomide in relapsed/refractory myeloma. Arnulf, B; Attal, M; Avet-Loiseau, H; Banos, A; Benbouker, L; Brechiniac, S; Caillot, D; Decaux, O; Escoffre-Barbe, M; Facon, T; Fermand, JP; Fouquet, G; Garderet, L; Hulin, C; Karlin, L; Kolb, B; Leleu, X; Macro, M; Marit, G; Mathiot, C; Moreau, P; Pegourie, B; Petillon, MO; Richez, V; Rodon, P; Roussel, M; Royer, B; Stoppa, AM; Wetterwald, M, 2016)	0.43
" All patients had ≥ 1 adverse event (AE)."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Elotuzumab Combined With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Various Levels of Renal Impairment: Results of a Phase Ib Study. Badros, A; Berdeja, J; Bleickardt, E; Gupta, M; Jagannath, S; Kaufman, JL; Lynch, M; Manges, R; Paliwal, P; Tendolkar, A; Vij, R; Zonder, J, 2016)	0.43
" Complete response (CR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AE) were combined."	( Efficacy and Safety of Novel Agent-Based Therapies for Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis. Li, Y; Wang, X; Yan, X, 2016)	0.43
" LenDex was interrupted in three cases because of adverse events (infections and cutaneous events); 78 % of the patients were on thromboprophylaxis with aspirin."	( Lenalidomide is effective and safe for the treatment of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma and very severe renal impairment. Coelho, I; Esteves, GV; Esteves, S; Freitas, J; Geraldes, C; Gomes, F; João, C; Lúcio, P; Neves, M, 2016)	0.43
" Most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were hematologic (neutropenia [49."	( Safety and efficacy of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in STRATUS (MM-010): a phase 3b study in refractory multiple myeloma. Anttila, P; Blanchard, MJ; Cafro, AM; Cavo, M; Corradini, P; de Arriba, F; Delforge, M; Di Raimondo, F; Dimopoulos, MA; Doyen, C; Goldschmidt, H; Hansson, M; Herring, J; Kaiser, M; Knop, S; Miller, N; Moreau, P; Morgan, G; Ocio, EM; Oriol, A; Palumbo, A; Peluso, T; Petrini, M; Raymakers, R; Röllig, C; San-Miguel, J; Simcock, M; Sternas, L; Vacca, A; Weisel, KC; Zaki, MH, 2016)	0.43
" The primary endpoint was the proportion of grade ≥3 non-haematological adverse events (AEs); other endpoints included the number of dose reductions/discontinuations and efficacy."	( Elotuzumab in combination with thalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone: a phase 2 single-arm safety study in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Blade, J; Bleickardt, E; Gironella, M; Granell, M; Hernandez, MT; Lynch, M; Martín, J; Martinez-Lopez, J; Mateos, MV; Oriol, A; Paliwal, P; San-Miguel, J; Singhal, A, 2016)	0.72
" Five patients had serious adverse events: three in the thalidomide group (transient cardiac arrest, heart failure, and dehydration) and two in the placebo group (ileus and fever)."	( Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with POEMS syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aoyagi, R; Hanaoka, H; Ikeda, S; Kanda, T; Katayama, K; Kawachi, I; Kikuchi, S; Kira, J; Kohara, N; Koike, H; Kusunoki, S; Kuwabara, S; Misawa, S; Mitsui, Y; Nagashima, K; Nakashima, I; Nishizawa, M; Sasaki, H; Sato, Y; Sekiguchi, Y; Sobue, G; Takashima, H; Watanabe, O; Yabe, I, 2016)	0.99
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in female dogs diagnosed with advanced clinical stage mammary gland neoplasms following treatment with thalidomide."	( Absence of significant adverse events following thalidomide administration in bitches diagnosed with mammary gland carcinomas. Amorim, RL; Camargo Nunes, F; Carneiro, RA; Cassali, GD; de Campos, CB; Fialho Ligório, S; Lavalle, GE, 2016)	0.88
" All four children completed the protocol without any significant adverse effects and remain in complete and durable remission 15-18 months posttreatment."	( Excellent remission rates with limited toxicity in relapsed/refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pulse dexamethasone and lenalidomide in children. Bakane, A; Raj, R; Ramachandrakurup, S; Subburaj, D; Uppuluri, R, 2017)	0.46
" Venous thromboembolism (VTE), other adverse effects (AEs), and the changes of D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were monitored."	( Efficacy and Safety of Danshen Compound Tablets in Preventing Thalidomide-Associated Thromboembolism in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Ai, H; Chen, L; Liu, XJ; Mi, RH; Wei, XD; Yin, JJ; Yin, QS, 2016)	0.67
" Most common adverse events (≥5%) with apremilast, including nausea, diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, tension headache and headache, were mild or moderate in severity; diarrhoea and nausea generally resolved in the first month."	( The efficacy and safety of apremilast, etanercept and placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: 52-week results from a phase IIIb, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (LIBERATE). Bewley, A; Day, RM; Goncalves, J; Gooderham, M; Green, L; Khanskaya, I; Piguet, V; Reich, K; Shah, K; Soung, J; Zhang, Z, 2017)	0.46
" Group 2, served as the toxic group, received CFZ (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i."	( Apremilast reversed carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress, NF-κB and MAPK signaling in rats. Ahmad, SF; Al-Harbi, MM; Al-Harbi, NO; Aljerian, K; Almukhlafi, TS; Almutairi, MM; Alshammari, M; Ansari, MA; Ansari, MN; Imam, F, 2016)	0.43
" Safety was evaluated based on the occurrence rates of grades 3-4 adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide for Treatment of Low-/Intermediate-1-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes with or without 5q Deletion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Deng, ZQ; He, PF; Lian, XY; Lin, J; Qian, J; Wen, XM; Xu, ZJ; Yang, L; Yao, DM; Zhang, ZH, 2016)	0.43
" We focused on adverse events associated with such agents and described how they should be managed."	( Management of adverse events induced by next-generation immunomodulatory drug and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Boccadoro, M; Bonello, F; Larocca, A; Salvini, M, 2017)	0.46
" The adverse events during TAS were generally tolerable, but 39 (10."	( Efficacy and toxicity of the combination chemotherapy of thalidomide, alkylating agent, and steroid for relapsed/refractory myeloma patients: a report from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP) retrospective study. Choi, YS; Eom, HS; Han, JJ; Kang, HJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, K; Kim, MK; Kim, SH; Kwon, J; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, JO; Lee, WS; Min, CK; Moon, JH; Yoon, DH; Yoon, SS, 2017)	0.7
" We demonstrated that CK1α inactivation, while toxic for myeloma cells, is dispensable for the survival of healthy B lymphocytes and stromal cells."	( Inactivation of CK1α in multiple myeloma empowers drug cytotoxicity by affecting AKT and β-catenin survival signaling pathways. Barilà, G; Bonaldi, L; Cabrelle, A; Carrino, M; Costacurta, M; Gianesin, K; Macaccaro, P; Manni, S; Manzoni, M; Martines, A; Neri, A; Nunes, SC; Piazza, F; Semenzato, G; Taiana, E; Trentin, L; Tubi, LQ; Zambello, R, 2017)	0.46
" CIPN is a common dose limiting side effect in patients with MM."	( The magnitude of neurotoxicity in patients with multiple myeloma and the impact of dose modifications: results from the population-based PROFILES registry. Beijers, AJ; Eurelings, M; Minnema, MC; Mols, F; Oerlemans, S; van de Poll-Franse, LV; Vreugdenhil, A, 2017)	0.46
"Among the 25 participants, 14 (56%) terminated early due to adverse events, dramatically decreasing the power of the study."	( Poor Safety and Tolerability Hamper Reaching a Potentially Therapeutic Dose in the Use of Thalidomide for Alzheimer's Disease: Results from a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Ahmadi, M; Belden, C; Decourt, B; Drumm-Gurnee, D; Gonzales, A; Jacobson, S; Macias, M; Powell, J; Sabbagh, MN; Shill, H; Sirrel, S; Walker, A; Wilson, J, 2017)	0.68
" Most common adverse events (AEs) with placebo, apremilast 20 and apremilast 30 (0-16 weeks) were nasopharyngitis (8."	( Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in the treatment of Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Efficacy, safety and tolerability results from a phase 2b randomized controlled trial. Chen, P; Day, RM; Imafuku, S; Komine, M; Maroli, A; Nemoto, O; Ohtsuki, M; Okubo, Y; Petric, R, 2017)	0.46
" During 0 to ≤52 weeks, the adverse events (AEs) that occurred in ≥5% of patients included diarrhea, nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, tension headache, and headache."	( Long-term safety and tolerability of apremilast in patients with psoriasis: Pooled safety analysis for ≥156 weeks from 2 phase 3, randomized, controlled trials (ESTEEM 1 and 2). Cather, JC; Chen, R; Crowley, J; Day, RM; Ferrándiz, C; Goncalves, J; Joly, P; Papp, KA; Peris, K; Shah, K; Thaçi, D, 2017)	0.46
" The main concerns on adverse events were thrombosis/embolism events, peripheral neuropathy, and second primary malignancies."	( Efficacy and safety of bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide in multiple myeloma: An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Aguiar, PM; Colleoni, GWB; de Mendonça Lima, T; Storpirtis, S, 2017)	0.73
" Safety data from TOURMALINE-MM1 are reviewed and guidance for managing clinically relevant adverse events associated with IRd is provided."	( Management of adverse events associated with ixazomib plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Avivi, I; Berg, D; Einsele, H; Esseltine, DL; Gupta, N; Hájek, R; Hari, P; Kumar, S; Liberati, AM; Lin, J; Lonial, S; Ludwig, H; Masszi, T; Mateos, MV; Minnema, MC; Moreau, P; Richardson, PG; Romeril, K; Shustik, C; Spencer, A, 2017)	0.46
"Heavily pretreated patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma are susceptible to treatment-related adverse events (AEs)."	( Adverse event management in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma taking pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone: A pooled analysis. Anttila, P; Bahlis, N; Biyukov, T; Cavo, M; Chen, C; Cook, G; Corradini, P; Delforge, M; Dimopoulos, MA; Hansson, M; Herring, J; Hong, K; Joao, C; Kaiser, M; Moreau, P; O'Gorman, P; Oriol, A; Raymakers, R; Richardson, PG; San-Miguel, J; Siegel, DS; Slaughter, A; Song, K; Sternas, L; Weisel, K; Yu, X; Zaki, M, 2017)	0.46
" Haemocytopenia was the predominant adverse effect, and acute toxicity was moderate, tolerable and well managed in both arms."	( The efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, cisplatin, prednisone, thalidomide versus CHOP in patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma with analysis of biomarkers. Chang, Y; Duan, W; Fu, X; Li, L; Li, X; Li, Z; Nan, F; Sun, Z; Wang, X; Wu, J; Yan, J; Young, KH; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, X, 2017)	0.69
" The number of serious adverse events was not significantly different among the apremilast, secukinumab, ustekinumab, and placebo groups."	( Relative efficacy and safety of apremilast, secukinumab, and ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2018)	0.48
" Most adverse events were mild or moderate; most common were diarrhea, headache, nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, decreased appetite, and vomiting."	( Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Patients With Moderate Plaque Psoriasis With Lower BSA: Week 16 Results from the UNVEIL Study. Bagel, J; Callis Duffin, K; Chen, R; Goncalves, J; Jackson, JM; Lebwohl, M; Levi, E; Stein Gold, L; Strober, B, 2017)	0.46
" While this medication is considered safe with a very low risk of serious side effects, a few common (≥5% of patients) mild to moderate side effects have been reported, including diarrhea, nausea, headache, and nasopharyngitis."	( Management of Common Side Effects of Apremilast. Beecker, J; Langley, A, )	0.13
" Its efficacy and safety data are limited; hence, real-world outcomes are important for elucidating the full spectrum of its adverse events (AEs) and expanding generalizability of clinical trial findings."	( Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast Monotherapy for Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: Retrospective Study. Georgakopoulos, JR; Ighani, A; Shear, N; Walsh, S; Yeung, J; Zhou, LL, )	0.13
"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which requires long-term, safe and effective treatment."	( Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Kokkalis, G; Papadavid, E; Rigopoulos, D; Rompoti, N; Theodoropoulos, K, 2018)	0.48
" Secondary endpoints were the evaluation at week 16 of (i) PASI; (ii) Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); (iii) Physician Global Assessment (PGA); (iv) Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI); and (v) the percentage of patients who achieved ΔPASI50, ΔPASI75, ΔPASI90 and ΔPASI100; (vi) adverse events (AE); (vii) reasons for drug discontinuation; and (viii) drug survival."	( Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Kokkalis, G; Papadavid, E; Rigopoulos, D; Rompoti, N; Theodoropoulos, K, 2018)	0.48
" Patients discontinued apremilast (28%), mostly during the first 4 weeks due to adverse events (12%) with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common, and later due to lack of efficacy (16%)."	( Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Kokkalis, G; Papadavid, E; Rigopoulos, D; Rompoti, N; Theodoropoulos, K, 2018)	0.48
"Apremilast is a safe and efficacious treatment for psoriasis patients as it produces ΔPASI75 and ΔPASI50 responses combined with DLQI ≤ 5 in 16 weeks in 70."	( Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Kokkalis, G; Papadavid, E; Rigopoulos, D; Rompoti, N; Theodoropoulos, K, 2018)	0.48
" The most common adverse events (≥5% of patients) through week 52 were diarrhea (28."	( Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Systemic- and Biologic-Naive Patients With Moderate Plaque Psoriasis: 52-Week Results of UNVEIL. Bagel, J; Chen, R; Duffin, KC; Goncalves, J; Jackson, JM; Lebwohl, M; Levi, E; Stein Gold, L, 2018)	0.48
" Carfilzomib (CFZ) has high selectivity and minimal off-target adverse effects including lower rates of PNP."	( Efficacy and toxicity profile of carfilzomib based regimens for treatment of multiple myeloma: A systematic review. Abraham, I; Anwer, F; Iftikhar, A; Kapoor, V; Latif, A; McBride, A; Mushtaq, A; Riaz, IB; Zahid, U, 2018)	0.48
" Most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were hematologic (neutropenia 24."	( The efficacy and safety of pomalidomide in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in a "real-world" study: Polish Myeloma Group experience. Bernatowicz, P; Charlinski, G; Dmoszynska, A; Grzasko, N; Guzicka-Kazimierczak, R; Janczarski, M; Jurczyszyn, A; Lech-Maranda, E; Swiderska, A; Szczepaniak, A; Szeremet, A; Waszczuk-Gajda, A; Wichary, R, 2018)	0.48
"The therapeutic efficacy of different doses of dexamethasone combined with bortezomib and thalidomide for patients with multiple myeloma is similar, can obviously enhance remission rate, prolong the survival time, promote life quality, but the incidence of adverse reactions in low dose dexamethason rigemen is significantly reduced, and the safety is better."	( [Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Dexamethasone Combined with Bortezomib and Thalidomide for Treating Patients with Multiple Myeloma]. Fu, LP; Ji, Y; Li, CS; Zhang, WP, 2018)	0.92
" Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 69 (57."	( Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/\ refractory multiple myeloma: a real-life experience Duran, M; Durusoy, R; Patır, P; Şahin, F; Saydam, G; Soyer, N; Töbü, M; Tombuloğlu, M; Ünal, HD; Uysal, A; Vural, F, 2018)	0.48
" The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar in IRd and placebo-Rd groups."	( [Safety and management of adverse events of ixazomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone therapy in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma]. Aotsuka, N; Berg, D; Handa, H; Iida, S; Ishida, T; Izumi, T; Kase, Y; Komeno, T; Soeda, J; Sunami, K, )	0.13
" Recently, apremilast, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase E4 has been suggested to be a safe and effective therapeutic option in HIV-infected population with psoriatic arthritis."	( Apremilast efficacy and safety in a psoriatic arthritis patient affected by HIV and HBV virus infections. Bianchi, L; Campione, E; Esposito, M; Giunta, A; Manfreda, V, 2019)	0.51
" The HHT working group within the ERN for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Diseases (VASCERN), developed a questionnaire-based retrospective capture of adverse events (AEs) classified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events."	( Safety of thalidomide and bevacizumab in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Botella, LM; Buscarini, E; Dupuis-Girod, S; Geisthoff, U; Kjeldsen, AD; Mager, HJ; Pagella, F; Shovlin, CL; Suppressa, P; Zarrabeitia, R, 2019)	0.92
" Fatal adverse events were more common in males (p = 0."	( Safety of thalidomide and bevacizumab in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Botella, LM; Buscarini, E; Dupuis-Girod, S; Geisthoff, U; Kjeldsen, AD; Mager, HJ; Pagella, F; Shovlin, CL; Suppressa, P; Zarrabeitia, R, 2019)	0.92
" Data were extracted for ACR20/50, HAQ-DI, SF-36 and adverse/serious adverse events after 16-24 weeks."	( Efficacy and safety of systemic treatments in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE evaluation. Dressler, C; Eisert, L; Nast, A; Pham, PA, 2019)	0.51
" We observed no significant differences in the incidence of serious adverse events after treatment with tofacitinib 10 mg, apremilast 30 mg, tofacitinib 5 mg, apremilast 20 mg, or placebo."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib and Apremilast in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2019)	0.51
"In patients with active psoriatic arthritis, tofacitinib 10 mg and apremilast 30 mg were the most efficacious interventions and were not associated with a significant risk of serious adverse events."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib and Apremilast in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Lee, YH; Song, GG, 2019)	0.51
" Data from several phase III clinical trials and real-world studies showed a good benefit-risk profile, with diarrhea and nausea as the most common adverse events."	( [Gastrointestinal side effects of apremilast : Characterization and management]. Beigel, F; Beissert, S; Gerdes, S; Homey, B; Körber, A; Mössner, R; Pinter, A; Radtke, MA; Staubach-Renz, P, 2019)	0.51
"Thalidomide, used to treat erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), is associated with severe adverse events (AEs) and is highly teratogenic."	( Adverse events in patients with leprosy on treatment with thalidomide. Carvalho, GO; Drummond, PLM; Pádua, CAM; Santos, RMMD, 2019)	2.2
"Even as treatment of psoriasis becomes safer, it is important to recognize both common and uncommon adverse effects of treatment."	( A safety review of recent advancements in the treatment of psoriasis: analysis of clinical trial safety data. Cline, A; Feldman, SR; Kepley, AL; Kolli, SS, 2019)	0.51
" All adverse events (AEs) were recorded during follow-up."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast for Behçet's syndrome: a real-life single-centre Italian experience. Boffini, N; Campochiaro, C; Cariddi, A; Cavalli, G; Dagna, L; De Luca, G; Tomelleri, A; Vanni, D, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse reactions were recorded."	( The efficacy and safety of thalidomide on the recurrence interval of continuous recurrent aphthous ulceration: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Shi, J; Shi, X; Yang, J; Yang, M; Zeng, Q; Zhao, W; Zhao, X; Zhou, H, 2020)	0.86
" The incidence of adverse reactions was similar between two groups (P = ."	( The efficacy and safety of thalidomide on the recurrence interval of continuous recurrent aphthous ulceration: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Shi, J; Shi, X; Yang, J; Yang, M; Zeng, Q; Zhao, W; Zhao, X; Zhou, H, 2020)	0.86
" However, soon after their introduction into clinical practice, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) emerged as their main non-hematological and among dose-limiting adverse events."	( Vinca alkaloids, thalidomide and eribulin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment. Alberti, P; Argyriou, AA; Islam, B; Kolb, N; Lustberg, M; Staff, NP, 2019)	0.85
" The clinical response and adverse events of the thalidomide treatment were recorded."	( CYP2C19 polymorphism has no correlation with the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of immune-related bowel disease. Chen, BL; Chen, MH; Feng, R; He, Y; Mao, R; Qiu, Y; Xu, PP; Zeng, ZR; Zhang, SH, 2020)	1.04
"CYP2C19 polymorphisms do not seem to be associated with efficacy of thalidomide and the incidence of adverse events in treating IRBD."	( CYP2C19 polymorphism has no correlation with the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of immune-related bowel disease. Chen, BL; Chen, MH; Feng, R; He, Y; Mao, R; Qiu, Y; Xu, PP; Zeng, ZR; Zhang, SH, 2020)	1.03
" Common adverse events with apremilast were diarrhea (30."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis of the scalp: Results of a phase 3b, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Cauthen, A; Lebwohl, M; Lynde, C; Paris, M; Sofen, H; Stein Gold, L; Strober, B; Tyring, S; Van Voorhees, AS; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2020)	0.56
" In this systematic review, associations of the efficacy of each approved regimen with adverse events (AEs) and the total cost per cycle were compared with a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs)."	( Association of adverse events and associated cost with efficacy for approved relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma regimens: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials. Aryal, M; Chhabra, S; D'Souza, A; Dhakal, B; Ghose, S; Giri, S; Hamadani, M; Hari, PN; Janz, S; Narra, RK; Pathak, LK; Smunt, TL; Szabo, A, 2020)	0.56
"9%) and adverse events (15."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of apremilast in psoriasis at 52 weeks: a retrospective, observational, multicentre study by the Spanish Psoriasis Group. Armesto, S; Belinchón, I; Carrascosa, JM; Carretero, G; Del Alcázar, E; Ferran, M; Herranz, P; Herrera-Acosta, E; Hospital, M; Llamas, M; López-Ferrer, A; Martín, I; Mitxelena, MJ; Mollet, J; Montesinos, E; Muñoz, C; Pérez-Barrio, S; Rivera, R; Ruiz-Genao, DP; Ruiz-Villaverde, R; Sahuquillo-Torralba, A; Suárez-Pérez, JA; Valentí, F; Vidal, D; Vilarrasa, E, 2020)	0.56
" Although the drug has a good safety profile, adverse gastrointestinal effects are common."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of apremilast in psoriasis at 52 weeks: a retrospective, observational, multicentre study by the Spanish Psoriasis Group. Armesto, S; Belinchón, I; Carrascosa, JM; Carretero, G; Del Alcázar, E; Ferran, M; Herranz, P; Herrera-Acosta, E; Hospital, M; Llamas, M; López-Ferrer, A; Martín, I; Mitxelena, MJ; Mollet, J; Montesinos, E; Muñoz, C; Pérez-Barrio, S; Rivera, R; Ruiz-Genao, DP; Ruiz-Villaverde, R; Sahuquillo-Torralba, A; Suárez-Pérez, JA; Valentí, F; Vidal, D; Vilarrasa, E, 2020)	0.56
" At least one adverse event was experienced by 56/96 patients, and 11/56 events required drug withdrawal."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of apremilast in psoriatic arthritis: Focus on skin manifestations and special populations. Balato, A; Bianchi, L; Campione, E; Cirillo, T; Fabbrocini, G; Malara, G; Trifirò, C, 2020)	0.56
" Our experience suggests that apremilast is effective and safe for treating palmar-plantar psoriasis and plaques at other locations but not for treating scalp psoriasis."	( Treatment Persistence and Safety of Apremilast in Psoriasis: Experience With 30 Patients in Routine Clinical Practice. Botella Estrada, R; de Unamuno Bustos, B; Monte Boquet, E; Rodríguez Serna, M; Sahuquillo-Torralba, A, 2020)	0.56
" However, its clinical use is limited because of its known adverse effect profile, including teratogenicity, peripheral neuropathy, and thromboembolic risk."	( Thalidomide use in the management of oromucosal disease: A 10-year review of safety and efficacy in 12 patients. Harte, MC; Hodgson, TA; Saunsbury, TA, 2020)	2
" Data on patient response to treatment and major/minor adverse events were obtained from their clinical and electrophysiologic records."	( Thalidomide use in the management of oromucosal disease: A 10-year review of safety and efficacy in 12 patients. Harte, MC; Hodgson, TA; Saunsbury, TA, 2020)	2
" No other major adverse effects were reported."	( Thalidomide use in the management of oromucosal disease: A 10-year review of safety and efficacy in 12 patients. Harte, MC; Hodgson, TA; Saunsbury, TA, 2020)	2
" Demographic data and details regarding psoriasis and adverse events (AEs) were collected from patient medical records."	( Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Apremilast in Older Patients with Psoriasis. Bastien, M; Beauchet, A; Begon, E; Beneton, N; Boulard, C; Chaby, G; Cinotti, E; Delaunay, J; Fougerousse, AC; Maccari, F; Mahé, E; Mery-Bossard, L; Parier, J; Phan, C; Prignano, F; Reguiai, Z; Romanelli, M; Samimi, M; Thomas-Beaulieu, D, 2020)	0.56
"Apremilast seems to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for psoriasis in the elderly."	( Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Apremilast in Older Patients with Psoriasis. Bastien, M; Beauchet, A; Begon, E; Beneton, N; Boulard, C; Chaby, G; Cinotti, E; Delaunay, J; Fougerousse, AC; Maccari, F; Mahé, E; Mery-Bossard, L; Parier, J; Phan, C; Prignano, F; Reguiai, Z; Romanelli, M; Samimi, M; Thomas-Beaulieu, D, 2020)	0.56
" We conclude that the PluriBeat assay is a novel method for predicting chemicals' adverse effects on embryonic development."	( A novel human pluripotent stem cell-based assay to predict developmental toxicity. Emnéus, JK; Holst, B; Lauschke, K; Meiser, I; Neubauer, JC; Rasmussen, MA; Rosenmai, AK; Schmidt, K; Taxvig, C; Vinggaard, AM, 2020)	0.56
"The incidence of grade 3 or more haematological and grade 2 or more non-haematological adverse events was lower in the dose-escalation group than in the standard-dose group, and only that of diarrhoea was significantly lower."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Ixazomib Dose-escalating Strategy in Ixazomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone Treatment for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Boku, S; Higai, K; Kagoo, T; Niijima, D; Ogawa, C; Ohashi, Y; Tani, K; Ueno, H; Yachi, Y; Yano, T; Yatabe, M; Yokoyama, A, )	0.13
"A dose-escalation strategy to optimise ixazomib dosing may reduce treatment interruption due to adverse events without compromising its antitumor activity."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Ixazomib Dose-escalating Strategy in Ixazomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone Treatment for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Boku, S; Higai, K; Kagoo, T; Niijima, D; Ogawa, C; Ohashi, Y; Tani, K; Ueno, H; Yachi, Y; Yano, T; Yatabe, M; Yokoyama, A, )	0.13
" In routine practice, few patients received ixazomib-based induction therapy due to reasons including (1) patients' preference on oral regimens, (2) concerns on adverse events (AEs) of other intravenous/subcutaneous regimens, (3) requirements for less center visits, and (4) fears of COVID-19 and other infectious disease exposures."	( Ixazomib-based frontline therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in real-life practice showed comparable efficacy and safety profile with those reported in clinical trial: a multi-center study. Bao, L; Chen, B; Ding, K; Fu, C; Hua, L; Huang, Y; Li, B; Li, J; Liu, P; Luo, J; Wang, L; Wang, S; Wang, W; Wu, G; Xia, Z; Xu, T; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Zhang, W; Zhou, X, 2020)	0.56
"We present a series of general and specific recommendations based on pathophysiologic considerations for managing the most common adverse effects of apremilast that lead to treatment discontinuation: diarrhea, nausea, and headache."	( Multidisciplinary Management of the Adverse Effects of Apremilast. Alonso Suárez, J; Beltrán Catalán, E; Blasco Maldonado, C; Daudén Tello, E; García-Merino, A; Herrero Manso, MC; Jiménez Morales, A; Marín-Jiménez, I; Martín-Arranz, MD; Porta Etessam, J; Rodríguez-Sagrado, MA; Rosas Gómez de Salazar, J; Salgado-Boquete, L; Trujillo Martín, E, 2021)	0.62
" The disease phenotypes, laboratory data, concomitant medication use, and adverse events were also investigated."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast for 3 months in Behçet's disease: A prospective observational study. Hirahara, L; Kirino, Y; Mizuki, N; Nakajima, H; Soejima, Y; Takase-Minegishi, K; Takeno, M; Takeuchi, M; Yoshimi, R, 2021)	0.62
" Cal/BD foam plus apremilast appeared to be safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and Safety of Calcipotriene 0.005%/Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.064% Foam With Apremilast for Moderate Plaque Psoriasis. Kircik, LH; Schlesinger, TE; Tanghetti, E, 2020)	0.56
"Acitretin, apremilast, and methotrexate are safe and effective modalities for ICI-mediated psoriasis."	( Immune checkpoint-mediated psoriasis: A multicenter European study of 115 patients from the European Network for Cutaneous Adverse Event to Oncologic Drugs (ENCADO) group. Annunziata, MC; Apalla, Z; Carrera, C; Fabbrocini, G; Fattore, D; Giacchero, D; Lallas, A; Lallas, K; Lazaridou, E; Nikolaou, V; Ortiz-Brugués, A; Patri, A; Peris, K; Riganti, J; Rigopoulos, D; Romano, MC; Rossi, E; Sibaud, V; Sollena, P; Stratigos, AJ; Voudouri, D, 2021)	0.62
" The most tolerable common adverse reactions were drowsiness (10/35), dry mouth (8/35), constipation (8/35), dandruff (7/35), dizziness (4/35)."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide on psychological symptoms and sleep disturbances in the patient with refractory ankylosing spondylitis. Chen, Z; Gao, F; He, J; Lin, D; Lin, H; Liu, J; Wu, Y; Zhang, S, 2021)	0.93
" No severe adverse effects was reported by patients of any group."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of thalidomide vs hydroxyurea in patients with Hb E-β thalassemia - a pilot study from a tertiary care Centre of India. Baul, SN; Chakrabarti, P; De, R; Dolai, TK; Ghosh, P; Jain, M; Mandal, PK, 2021)	0.89
" Hypothyroidism is an uncommon side effect of pomalidomide."	( Hyponatraemia due to hypothyroidism: a rare side effect from pomalidomide. Qureshi, A; Rhee, JH, 2021)	0.62
" Changes in m-PPPASI and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores from baseline, the proportion of patients achieving m-PPPASI 75, and adverse events were assessed."	( Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast and Methotrexate in Patients with Palmoplantar Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dogra, S; Handa, S; Kt, S; Narang, T; Thakur, V, 2021)	0.62
" Five patients discontinued thalidomide due to adverse events."	( Clinical-therapeutic study on the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the management of discoid lupus erythematosus. A single-centre, retrospective study. Aguilar-Mena, C; Bonifaz, A; Hernández-Salgado, Y; Rodriguez-Mendoza, A; Tirado-Sánchez, A, 2021)	1.16
"Apremilast has been approved as an effective and safe treatment for psoriasis, but clinical trial results may differ from real-life data."	( Is apremilast for psoriasis as effective and safe as reported in clinical trials? Five-year experience from a Greek tertiary hospital: long-term real-life efficacy and safety of apremilast in Greece. Bakirtzi, K; Ioannides, D; Lallas, A; Papadimitriou, I; Sideris, N; Sotiriou, E; Tsentemeidou, A; Vakirlis, E, 2021)	0.62
" The adverse drug reaction rate was 21."	( Effectiveness and safety of apremilast in biologic-naïve patients with moderate psoriasis treated in routine clinical practice in Greece: the APRAISAL study. Anagnostopoulos, Z; Anastasiadis, G; Antonakopoulos, N; Antoniou, C; Aronis, P; Bassukas, I; Chasapi, V; Drosos, A; Georgiou, S; Ioannides, D; Ioannidou, D; Katsantonis, I; Krasagakis, K; Lazaridou, E; Lefaki, I; Neofotistou, O; Papageorgiou, M; Papakonstantis, M; Patsatsi, A; Protopapa, A; Rigopoulos, D; Roussaki-Schulze, AV; Satra, F, 2021)	0.62
"This analysis allows us to think beyond the safe use of thalidomide, but the safety provided by any type of monitoring system."	( Comparative analysis of the use and control of thalidomide in Brazil and different countries: is it possible to say there is safety? de Jesus, SM; Leite, SN; Santana, RS, 2022)	1.22
" Majority of the studies used a dose of 2-6 mg/kg/day and around 24% suffered from at least one adverse effect, with a mortality of 5%."	( Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in Patients with Complicated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dawman, L; Panda, P; Panda, PK; Sharawat, IK; Sihag, RK, 2021)	0.93
" Safety was assessed by adverse effects related to thalidomide."	( Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in Patients With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia. Chandra, J; Goel, M; Parakh, N; Pemde, H; Sharma, S; Singh, N, 2021)	1.18
" In 32 children, 47 adverse events were observed."	( Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in Patients With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia. Chandra, J; Goel, M; Parakh, N; Pemde, H; Sharma, S; Singh, N, 2021)	0.93
"Thalidomide resulted in major/moderate response in majority of children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia with satisfactory adverse effect profile."	( Efficacy and Safety of Thalidomide in Patients With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia. Chandra, J; Goel, M; Parakh, N; Pemde, H; Sharma, S; Singh, N, 2021)	2.37
" The most commonly reported adverse events (≥ 5%) with apremilast were diarrhea, headache, nausea, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection, consistent with prior studies."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis: Results of a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Albrecht, L; Bhatia, N; Callis Duffin, K; Chen, M; Gooderham, M; Green, L; Papp, K; Paris, M; Pariser, D; Sofen, H; Stein Gold, L; Wang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" The patient treatment course, including adverse events (AEs), was reported."	( Safety Profile of Ixazomib in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Japan: An All-case Post-marketing Surveillance. Chou, T; Hashimoto, M; Hiraizumi, M; Hoshino, M; Kakimoto, Y; Shimizu, K, 2022)	0.72
" The secondary endpoints included the red blood cell (RBC) units transfused and adverse effects."	( Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: a randomized clinical trial. Cai, N; Chen, JM; Chen, SJ; Chen, SY; Chen, XQ; He, S; Hu, ML; Huang, K; Huang, L; Huang, Y; Li, GH; Li, JM; Li, JY; Li, RL; Liu, J; Liu, SH; Lu, QY; Luo, TY; Qu, LW; Tan, Y; Wang, GZ; Wang, WD; Wei, JH; Wu, WQ; Xu, JQ; Xu, WW; Yang, HJ; Zhou, GB; Zhou, MG; Zhu, WJ, 2021)	0.93
" The novel quadruplet combination was overall well-tolerated, with clinically manageable adverse events."	( A phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib and dexamethasone for high-risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Berenson, JR; Eades, B; Eshaghian, S; Ghermezi, M; Lim, S; Martinez, D; Schwartz, G; Spektor, TM; Swift, RA; Vescio, R; Yashar, D, 2022)	0.72
" We evaluated tumor responses (including participants who had a second course), adverse events, progression-free survival (PFS), and long-term outcomes."	( Safety, Activity, and Long-term Outcomes of Pomalidomide in the Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma among Individuals with or without HIV Infection. George, J; Goncalves, P; Lurain, K; Polizzotto, MN; Ramaswami, R; Steinberg, SM; Uldrick, TS; Whitby, D; Widell, A; Wyvill, KM; Yarchoan, R, 2022)	0.72
"Pomalidomide is a safe and active chemotherapy-sparing agent for the treatment of KS among individuals with or without HIV."	( Safety, Activity, and Long-term Outcomes of Pomalidomide in the Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma among Individuals with or without HIV Infection. George, J; Goncalves, P; Lurain, K; Polizzotto, MN; Ramaswami, R; Steinberg, SM; Uldrick, TS; Whitby, D; Widell, A; Wyvill, KM; Yarchoan, R, 2022)	0.72
" The secondary end points were mouth and throat soreness (MTS), weight loss, short-term efficacy, and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in preventing oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Hu, K; Jiang, L; Liang, L; Lin, Z; Liu, Z; Ning, X; Shi, Z; Wang, H; Wang, R; Wei, Y; Yan, H; Zhu, H, 2022)	1.03
" Apremilast was well tolerated and the reported adverse events were in line with the known safety profile."	( Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Belgian Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Results from the Prospective Observational APOLO Study. de Vlam, K; Di Romana, S; Kaiser, MJ; Lories, R; Remans, P; Toukap, AN; Van den Berghe, M; Van den Bosch, F; Vanhoof, J, 2022)	0.72
" The adverse drug reaction rate was 19."	( A real-world, non-interventional, prospective study of the effectiveness and safety of apremilast in bio-naïve adults with moderate plaque psoriasis treated in the routine care in Greece - the 'APRAISAL' study. Anagnostopoulos, Z; Anastasiadis, G; Antonakopoulos, N; Aronis, P; Bassukas, I; Chasapi, V; Drosos, A; Ioannides, D; Kalinou, C; Kekki, A; Krasagakis, K; Lazaridou, E; Lefaki, I; Neofotistou, O; Oikonomou, C; Papadavid, E; Papageorgiou, M; Papakonstantis, M; Pokas, E; Protopapa, A; Rigopoulos, D; Rovithi, E; Tampouratzi, E; Zafiriou, E, 2022)	0.72
"Apremilast is a safe and effective treatment for bio-naïve patients with moderate psoriasis and specific psoriasis manifestations."	( A real-world, non-interventional, prospective study of the effectiveness and safety of apremilast in bio-naïve adults with moderate plaque psoriasis treated in the routine care in Greece - the 'APRAISAL' study. Anagnostopoulos, Z; Anastasiadis, G; Antonakopoulos, N; Aronis, P; Bassukas, I; Chasapi, V; Drosos, A; Ioannides, D; Kalinou, C; Kekki, A; Krasagakis, K; Lazaridou, E; Lefaki, I; Neofotistou, O; Oikonomou, C; Papadavid, E; Papageorgiou, M; Papakonstantis, M; Pokas, E; Protopapa, A; Rigopoulos, D; Rovithi, E; Tampouratzi, E; Zafiriou, E, 2022)	0.72
" We sought to evaluate the following outcomes: psoriasis area and severity index score (PASI)-50, PASI-75, PASI-90, static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA), and adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of apremilast monotherapy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alahmadi, RA; Alamri, AM; Aljefri, YE; Alkhamisi, TA; Alkhunani, TA; Alraddadi, AA; Ghaddaf, AA, 2022)	0.72
" Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Bai, H; Fang, BJ; Fu, WJ; Liao, AJ; Lu, J; Niu, T; Wang, YF; Zhao, HG, 2022)	0.72
" The most common grade 3 and 4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were neutropenia (63."	( Efficacy and safety of pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Bai, H; Fang, BJ; Fu, WJ; Liao, AJ; Lu, J; Niu, T; Wang, YF; Zhao, HG, 2022)	0.72
"Pomalidomide in combination with low-dose dexamethasone is effective and safe in Chinese RRMM patients."	( Efficacy and safety of pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Bai, H; Fang, BJ; Fu, WJ; Liao, AJ; Lu, J; Niu, T; Wang, YF; Zhao, HG, 2022)	0.72
"We aimed to compare incidence rates of adverse events of special interest identified a priori, in patients receiving apremilast with those receiving other systemic treatments for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis."	( Safety of Apremilast in Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Findings from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cordey, M; Jick, S; Paris, M; Persson, R, 2022)	0.72
" Incidence rates of adverse events of special interest were estimated for four matched cohorts: apremilast-exposed and three matched non-apremilast cohorts (oral only, injectable only, and oral and injectable psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis treatments)."	( Safety of Apremilast in Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Findings from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cordey, M; Jick, S; Paris, M; Persson, R, 2022)	0.72
" Similar incidence rates of all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiac events, tachyarrhythmias, and solid malignancies were recorded in the apremilast and non-apremilast cohorts."	( Safety of Apremilast in Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Findings from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cordey, M; Jick, S; Paris, M; Persson, R, 2022)	0.72
" A total of 21 adverse events appeared in the included studies, with neutropenia being the highest incidence of hematologic adverse events (32."	( The efficacy and safety of triplet regimens based on pomalidomide and dexamethasone for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, XM; Huang, CL; Liao, KY; Liu, Y; Xiong, H; Zhang, XW, 2022)	0.72
"Three-drug regimens based on pomalidomide and dexamethasone could yield excellent overall response rate to relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, but there are still various adverse events; therefore, consequent studies should address these adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of triplet regimens based on pomalidomide and dexamethasone for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, XM; Huang, CL; Liao, KY; Liu, Y; Xiong, H; Zhang, XW, 2022)	0.72
"In conclusion, replacing Revlimid® with its generic version Rivelime® in singlet, doublet or triplet lenalidomide containing RRMM regimens seems not to compromise the efficacy of treatment, and to yield a similarly improved response rates and survival outcome and no additional toxic effects, enabling a long-term therapy."	( Generic Lenalidomide Rivelime Versus Brand-name Revlimid® in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Single-center Experience on Efficacy, Safety and Survival Outcome. Beksac, M; Gurman, G; Ilhan, O; Koyun, D; Seval, GC; Topcuoglu, P; Yuksel, MK, 2023)	0.91
" Pomalidomide combinations were well tolerated, no patient discontinued treatment due to adverse events."	( Pomalidomide combinations are a safe and effective option after daratumumab failure. Binder, M; Brioli, A; Engelhardt, M; Ernst, T; Gengenbach, L; Heidel, FH; Hilgendorf, I; Hochhaus, A; Mancuso, K; Stauch, T; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M; Zamagni, E, 2023)	0.91
"These data show that pomalidomide-based combinations can be an effective and safe salvage regimen for daratumumab-refractory patients, including those with EMM."	( Pomalidomide combinations are a safe and effective option after daratumumab failure. Binder, M; Brioli, A; Engelhardt, M; Ernst, T; Gengenbach, L; Heidel, FH; Hilgendorf, I; Hochhaus, A; Mancuso, K; Stauch, T; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M; Zamagni, E, 2023)	0.91
" We examined the time-to-onset and outcome of lung adverse events (LAEs) related to pomalidomide in Japanese patients based on information obtained from the spontaneous reporting system of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER) of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency."	( Assessment of Time-to-onset and Outcome of Lung Adverse Events With Pomalidomide from a Pharmacovigilance Study. Kawahara, Y; Murata, S; Shimizu, T; Uchida, M; Uesawa, Y, )	0.13
"We analyzed adverse events (AEs) reports recorded between April 2004 and March 2021 from JADER."	( Assessment of Time-to-onset and Outcome of Lung Adverse Events With Pomalidomide from a Pharmacovigilance Study. Kawahara, Y; Murata, S; Shimizu, T; Uchida, M; Uesawa, Y, )	0.13
" The primary outcomes were Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS, measured as time to next treatment), and the secondary outcomes were Adverse Events (AE)."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of multiple myeloma treatments based on thalidomide and bortezomib: A retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2020 in a Brazilian metropolis. Costa, IHFD; Drummond, PLM; Malta, JS; Menezes de Pádua, CA; Reis, AMM; Santos, RMMD; Silveira, LP, 2023)	1.14
" Mild adverse events were reported in 48 (9%) patients and serious adverse events, including cerebral vascular accident and portal vein thrombosis were reported in two patients each."	( Long-term clinical efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: results from Thal-Thalido study. Ali, M; Ali, Z; Ismail, M; Khan, MTM; Rani, GF; Rehman, IU, 2023)	1.17
" The efficacy and adverse events were evaluated and recorded every 3 months."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: a single-center, real-world-evidence study. Gao, S; Gou, L; Li, J; Ma, M; Song, H; Wang, C; Wang, L; Wang, W; Yu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhong, L; Zhou, Y, 2023)	1.22
" Anorexia and nausea occurred in 2 cases, with no other reported drug-related adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: a single-center, real-world-evidence study. Gao, S; Gou, L; Li, J; Ma, M; Song, H; Wang, C; Wang, L; Wang, W; Yu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhong, L; Zhou, Y, 2023)	1.22
" Thalidomide is relatively safe in monogenic AIDs."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: a single-center, real-world-evidence study. Gao, S; Gou, L; Li, J; Ma, M; Song, H; Wang, C; Wang, L; Wang, W; Yu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhong, L; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.13

Pharmacokinetics

This phase II study evaluated the combination of semaxanib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2, and thalidomide in patients with metastatic melanoma. The pharmacokinetic profiles of plasma concentrations were evaluated with both noncompartmental and compartmental methods.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Absorption, blood level course, renal, fecal, and biliary elimination and the metabolisation of 2-(bicyclo[2,2,1]-heptane-2-endo-3-endo-dicarboximido)-glutarimide (taglutimide, K-2004), a new hypnotic-sedative substance, were studied in the rat, and the pharmacokinetic constants were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of taglutimide (K-2004) in the rat. Fiebrich, F; Koch, H; Pischek, G, 1979)	0.26
" The mean plasma elimination half-life was in the range of 5 h for the enantiomers, as well as for the racemic mixture, although there was a tendency toward slower elimination and higher plasma AUC values of the S-enantiomer: thus, after administration of the (greater than 99%) pure enantiomers, the plasma AUC value of the administered S-enantiomer was found to be more than one-third higher than that of the administered R-enantiomer."	( The enantiomers of the teratogenic thalidomide analogue EM 12: 1. Chiral inversion and plasma pharmacokinetics in the marmoset monkey. Nau, H; Neubert, D; Schmahl, HJ, 1988)	0.55
" No changes were observed for other pharmacokinetic parameters assessed for either ethinyl estradiol or norethindrone."	( Thalidomide does not alter the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone. Abernethy, DR; Collins, JM; Donahue, SR; Flockhart, DA; Thacker, D; Trapnell, CB, 1998)	1.74
" Furthermore, no changes were seen for other pharmacokinetic parameters assessed for thalidomide between days 1 and 21."	( Thalidomide does not alter the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone. Abernethy, DR; Collins, JM; Donahue, SR; Flockhart, DA; Thacker, D; Trapnell, CB, 1998)	1.97
" Serial serum or blood samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic assessment after administration of a single oral dose or multiple daily dosing of thalidomide and were assayed by reversed-phase HPLC."	( Pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in an elderly prostate cancer population. Bauer, KS; Bergan, R; Chen, A; Figg, WD; Hamilton, M; Pluda, J; Raje, S; Reed, E; Tompkins, A; Venzon, D, 1999)	0.83
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of plasma concentrations of thalidomide were evaluated with both noncompartmental and compartmental methods, whereas those of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone were calculated with noncompartmental methods."	( Thalidomide does not alter estrogen-progesterone hormone single dose pharmacokinetics. Colburn, W; Kook, KA; Scheffler, MR; Thomas, SD, 1999)	1.99
" There were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters for thalidomide after 1 dose and those after 18 consecutive doses."	( Thalidomide does not alter estrogen-progesterone hormone single dose pharmacokinetics. Colburn, W; Kook, KA; Scheffler, MR; Thomas, SD, 1999)	1.97
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using compartmental methods for the two Celgene formulations and using noncompartmental methods for all three formulations."	( Single-dose oral pharmacokinetics of three formulations of thalidomide in healthy male volunteers. Colburn, WA; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD, 1999)	0.55
" Pharmacokinetic modelling predicted that varying the infusion time of a fixed dose of S-thalidomide between 10 min and 6h would have little influence on the maximal blood concentration of formed R-thalidomide."	( Intravenous formulations of the enantiomers of thalidomide: pharmacokinetic and initial pharmacodynamic characterization in man. Björkman, S; Eriksson, T; Höglund, P; Roth, B, 2000)	0.79
" The aim of this study was to further investigate these pharmacokinetic DMXAA-drug interactions in the rat model."	( A difference between the rat and mouse in the pharmacokinetic interaction of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid with thalidomide. Ching, LM; Kestell, P; Paxton, JW; Tingle, MD; Zhou, S, 2001)	0.52
" The cause of the species difference in the pharmacokinetic response to thalidomide by DMXAA is unknown, and indicates difficulties in predicting the outcome of such a combination in patients."	( A difference between the rat and mouse in the pharmacokinetic interaction of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid with thalidomide. Ching, LM; Kestell, P; Paxton, JW; Tingle, MD; Zhou, S, 2001)	0.75
" In both of these cases, thalidomide extends the half-life (t(1/2)) of the other drug."	( Modulation of thalidomide pharmacokinetics by cyclophosphamide or 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) in mice: the role of tumour necrosis factor. Baguley, BC; Ching, LM; Chung, F; Kestell, P; Wang, LC, 2004)	0.99
"Both cyclophosphamide and DMXAA have a pharmacokinetic interaction with thalidomide, increasing t(1/2) and AUC."	( Modulation of thalidomide pharmacokinetics by cyclophosphamide or 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) in mice: the role of tumour necrosis factor. Baguley, BC; Ching, LM; Chung, F; Kestell, P; Wang, LC, 2004)	0.92
" After a single oral dose of thalidomide 200 mg (as the US-approved capsule formulation) in healthy volunteers, absorption is slow and extensive, resulting in a peak concentration (C(max)) of 1-2 mg/L at 3-4 hours after administration, absorption lag time of 30 minutes, total exposure (AUC( infinity )) of 18 mg."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of thalidomide. Colburn, WA; Jaworsky, MS; Kook, KA; Laskin, OL; Scheffler, MA; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD; Tracewell, WG, 2004)	0.91
"Plasma concentration-time profiles for the individual patients were very similar to each other, but widely different pharmacokinetic properties were found between patients compared with those in mice or rabbits."	( Thalidomide pharmacokinetics and metabolite formation in mice, rabbits, and multiple myeloma patients. Baguley, BC; Browett, P; Ching, LM; Chung, F; Kestell, P; Lu, J; Palmer, BD; Tingle, M, 2004)	1.77
" We performed a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of thalidomide with carboplatin in children with refractory solid tumors."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of thalidomide with carboplatin in children with cancer. Aleksic, A; Berg, SL; Blaney, SM; Bomgaars, LR; Chintagumpala, M; Klenke, RA; Kuttesch, JF, 2004)	0.85
" In addition, we have characterized the pharmacokinetic behavior of thalidomide in children."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of thalidomide with carboplatin in children with cancer. Aleksic, A; Berg, SL; Blaney, SM; Bomgaars, LR; Chintagumpala, M; Klenke, RA; Kuttesch, JF, 2004)	0.83
" Further studies are warranted to explore the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between CPT-11 and thalidomide."	( Determination of thalidomide by high performance liquid chromatography: plasma pharmacokinetic studies in the rat. Chan, E; Chan, SY; Duan, W; Goh, BC; Ho, PC; Hu, Z; Yang, X; Zhou, S, 2005)	0.88
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed at the first dose level and repeated at the second dose level of each patient."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Chen, PJ; Chin, YH; Chuang, TR; Huang, JD; Liu, TW; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J; Yao, TJ, 2006)	0.6
" The pharmacokinetic analysis were performed on 16 patients."	( Irinotecan in combination with thalidomide in patients with advanced solid tumors: a clinical study with pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Allegrini, G; Amatori, F; Bocci, G; Cerri, E; Cupini, S; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Di Paolo, A; Falcone, A; Marcucci, L; Masi, G, 2006)	0.62
" This study aimed to investigate whether combination of thalidomide modulated the toxicities of CPT-11 using a rat model and the possible role of the altered pharmacokinetic component in the toxicity modulation using in vitro models."	( Pharmacokinetic mechanisms for reduced toxicity of irinotecan by coadministered thalidomide. Bian, JS; Boelsterli, UA; Chan, E; Chan, SY; Chen, YZ; Duan, W; Ho, PC; Hu, ZP; Huang, M; Ng, KY; Yang, XX; Zhou, SF, 2006)	0.81
"This phase II study evaluated the combination of semaxanib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2, and thalidomide in patients with metastatic melanoma to assess the efficacy, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of the combination."	( A phase II, pharmacokinetic, and biologic study of semaxanib and thalidomide in patients with metastatic melanoma. Beeram, M; Berg, K; de Bono, JS; Eckhart, SG; Forero, L; Hammond, LA; Izbicka, E; Mita, AC; Mita, MM; Patnaik, A; Rowinsky, EK; Simmons, P; Takimoto, C; Tolcher, AW; Weiss, GR, 2007)	0.77
" This pharmacokinetic difference may explain the dose difference between Japan and other countries."	( The pharmacokinetics of low-dose thalidomide in Japanese patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Asaoku, H; Ikawa, K; Iwato, K; Kamikawa, R; Morikawa, N; Sasaki, A, 2006)	0.62
" The differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal renal function and mild renal impairment were minor to modest (11%-32%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in subjects with various degrees of renal impairment and in subjects on hemodialysis. Chen, N; Knight, R; Kong, L; Kumar, G; Laskin, OL; Lau, H; Zeldis, JB, 2007)	0.34
"Twenty-four patients who were enrolled in a large randomized trial of thalidomide vs no thalidomide maintenance therapy for myeloma, in which all patients also received zoledronic acid, were recruited to a pharmacokinetic and renal safety sub-study, and followed for up to 16 months."	( Renal safety of zoledronic acid with thalidomide in patients with myeloma: a pharmacokinetic and safety sub-study. Bilic, S; Copeman, M; Cremers, S; Kennedy, N; Lynch, K; Neeman, T; Ravera, C; Roberts, A; Schran, H; Spencer, A, 2008)	0.85
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic data when irinotecan was administered as a single agent in each arm were compared to data when the two study agents were co-administered using paired t tests."	( The effect of thalidomide on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and metabolites in advanced solid tumor patients. Cohen, EE; House, LK; Innocenti, F; Janisch, L; Karrison, T; Ramírez, J; Ratain, MJ; Wu, K, 2011)	0.73
"The differences in pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic markers after thalidomide administration were small and unlikely to be clinically significant."	( The effect of thalidomide on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and metabolites in advanced solid tumor patients. Cohen, EE; House, LK; Innocenti, F; Janisch, L; Karrison, T; Ramírez, J; Ratain, MJ; Wu, K, 2011)	0.96
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of thalidomide and lenalidomide in nonhuman primates. Berg, SL; Dauser, RC; Gibson, BW; McGuffey, LH; Muscal, JA; Nuchtern, JG; Sun, Y, 2012)	0.63
"9 mL/min/kg, the median plasma AUC was 80 μM h, and the median terminal half-life (t(½)) was 13."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of thalidomide and lenalidomide in nonhuman primates. Berg, SL; Dauser, RC; Gibson, BW; McGuffey, LH; Muscal, JA; Nuchtern, JG; Sun, Y, 2012)	0.63
" The dosage of thalidomide, concentrations of (R)- and (S)-thalidomide in whole blood, and clinical laboratory test results were used as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices."	( Influence of cytochrome P450 2C19 gene variations on pharmacokinetic parameters of thalidomide in Japanese patients. Ishida, F; Matsuda, M; Matsuzawa, N; Nakamura, K; Ohmori, S, 2012)	0.96
" The terminal elimination half-life (t (½)) was 3-4 h at doses up to 50 mg and was not affected by food."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in healthy volunteers: dose proportionality, food effect, and racial sensitivity. Chen, N; Kasserra, C; Lau, H; Liu, L; Reyes, J, 2012)	0.38
" Murine pharmacokinetic characterization necessary for translational and further preclinical investigations has not been published."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of lenalidomide in mice. Byrd, JC; Gao, Y; Herman, SE; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Li, X; Mahoney, E; Phelps, MA; Rozewski, DM; Shin, JD; Stefanovski, MR; Towns, WH; Yang, X, 2012)	0.38
" However, there have been few studies of the pharmacokinetic changes occurring during thalidomide therapy."	( Clinical evidence of pharmacokinetic changes in thalidomide therapy. Ando, Y; Matsunaga, T; Matsuzawa, N; Nakamura, K; Ohmori, S; Yamazaki, H, 2013)	0.87
"Herein, the authors review the chemistry, the mechanism of action and the pharmacokinetic properties of pomalidomide."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of pomalidomide for the treatment of myeloma. Bringhen, S; Gay, F; Mina, R; Troia, R, 2013)	0.39
"This article describes, for the first time, a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of lenalidomide (LND), the potent drug for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)."	( A highly sensitive polyclonal antibody-based ELISA for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of lenalidomide. Abuhejail, RM; Alzoman, NZ; Darwish, IA, 2014)	0.4
" A simple and robust HPLC assay with fluorescence detection for pomalidomide over the range of 1-500ng/mL has been developed for application to pharmacokinetic studies in ongoing clinical trials in various other malignancies."	( A sensitive and robust HPLC assay with fluorescence detection for the quantification of pomalidomide in human plasma for pharmacokinetic analyses. Aleman, K; Figg, WD; Peer, CJ; Polizzotto, MN; Roth, J; Shahbazi, S; Uldrick, TS; Wyvill, KM; Yarchoan, R; Zeldis, JB, 2014)	0.4
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were conducted to determine the PK disposition of the isomers from their PK profiles in humans and monkeys."	( Modeling and simulation to probe the pharmacokinetic disposition of pomalidomide R- and S-enantiomers. Hoffmann, M; Kumar, G; Li, Y; Palmisano, M; Zhou, S, 2014)	0.4
"4) and Cmax (from 290 vs."	( The impact of co-administration of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast in healthy volunteers. Liu, Y; Palmisano, M; Wan, Y; Wu, A; Zhou, S, 2014)	0.4
" The analytical method was applied to support a pharmacokinetic study of simultaneous estimation of lenalidomide, ibrutinib, and its active metabolite PCI-45227 in Wistar rat."	( Simultaneous quantification of lenalidomide, ibrutinib and its active metabolite PCI-45227 in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Govindarajulu, B; Rangasamy, M; Thappali, S; Vakkalanka, S; Veeraraghavan, S; Viswanadha, S, 2015)	0.42
" Here we evaluated the clinical and pharmacodynamic effects of continuous or intermittent dosing strategies of pomalidomide/dexamethasone in lenalidomide-refractory myeloma in a randomized trial."	( Clinical and pharmacodynamic analysis of pomalidomide dosing strategies in myeloma: impact of immune activation and cereblon targets. Breider, M; Cooper, D; Couto, S; Das, R; Deng, Y; Dhodapkar, KM; Dhodapkar, MV; Hansel, D; Kocoglu, M; Koduru, S; Ren, Y; Sehgal, K; Seropian, S; Thakurta, A; Vasquez, J; Verma, R; Wang, M; Yao, X; Zhang, L, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast on plasma biomarkers associated with inflammation were evaluated in a PALACE 1 substudy."	( The pharmacodynamic impact of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis: substudy results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (PALACE 1). Chen, P; Chopra, R; Fang, L; Schafer, PH; Wang, A, 2015)	0.42
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions between lenalidomide and warfarin in healthy volunteers."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions when lenalidomide is co-administered with warfarin in a randomized clinical trial setting. Chen, N; Knight, R; Palmisano, M; Weiss, D; Zhou, S, 2015)	0.42
"The 90 % confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of AUC or Cmax geometric means between co-administration with lenalidomide and placebo were within the 80-125 % bioequivalence bounds for R-warfarin and S-warfarin."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions when lenalidomide is co-administered with warfarin in a randomized clinical trial setting. Chen, N; Knight, R; Palmisano, M; Weiss, D; Zhou, S, 2015)	0.42
" This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of ixazomib, administered with lenalidomide-dexamethasone, in East Asian patients with relapsed/refractory MM."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in Asian patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma: a phase 1 study. Chim, CS; Chng, WJ; Esseltine, DL; Goh, YT; Gupta, N; Hanley, MJ; Hui, AM; Kim, K; Lee, JH; Min, CK; Venkatakrishnan, K; Wong, RS; Yang, H, 2015)	0.42
" Simulation of human plasma concentrations of thalidomide were achieved with a simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model in accordance with reported thalidomide concentrations."	( Simulation of Human Plasma Concentrations of Thalidomide and Primary 5-Hydroxylated Metabolites Explored with Pharmacokinetic Data in Humanized TK-NOG Mice. Guengerich, FP; Nishiyama, S; Shibata, N; Suemizu, H; Yamazaki, H, 2015)	0.94
"A wide linearity range analytical method for the determination of lenalidomide in patients with multiple myeloma for pharmacokinetic studies is required."	( A Wide Linearity Range Method for the Determination of Lenalidomide in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Climente-Martí, M; Guglieri-López, B; Martinez-Gómez, MA; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Pérez-Pitarch, A; Porta-Oltra, B, 2016)	0.43
"A rapid, sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) was developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of apremilast in rat plasma."	( Determination of Apremilast in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS-MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Chen, LG; Lai, X; Li, T; Pan, Y; Wang, S; Wang, Z, 2016)	0.43
" Simulation of human plasma concentrations of the teratogen thalidomide and its human metabolites is possible with a simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model based on data obtained in chimeric mice, in accordance with reported clinical thalidomide concentrations."	( Combining Chimeric Mice with Humanized Liver, Mass Spectrometry, and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Toxicology. Guengerich, FP; Mitsui, M; Shimizu, M; Suemizu, H; Yamazaki, H, 2016)	0.68
" Simulations of human plasma concentrations of pomalidomide were achieved with simplified physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models in both groups of mice in accordance with reported pomalidomide concentrations after low dose administration in humans."	( Metabolic profiles of pomalidomide in human plasma simulated with pharmacokinetic data in control and humanized-liver mice. Guengerich, FP; Mitsui, M; Shibata, N; Shimizu, M; Suemizu, H; Yamazaki, H, 2017)	0.46
" Plasma apremilast and metabolite M12 concentrations were determined, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from samples obtained predose and up to 72 hours postdose."	( Impact of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Apremilast and Metabolite M12. Assaf, M; Liu, Y; Nissel, J; Palmisano, M; Zhou, S, 2016)	0.43
" A set of blood samples was taken in order to develop a pharmacokinetic model accounting for lenalidomide concentrations in this setting."	( Pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide during high cut-off dialysis in a patient with multiple myeloma and renal failure. Buclin, T; Burnier, M; Dao, K; Figg, WD; Kissling, S; Lu, Y; Peer, CJ; Stadelmann, R, 2017)	0.46
" The aim of this study was to conduct a population pharmacokinetic analysis of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma patients to identify and evaluate non-studied covariates that could be used for dose individualization."	( Population pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma patients. Climente-Martí, M; Guchelaar, HJ; Guglieri-López, B; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Moes, DJ; Pérez-Pitarch, A; Porta-Oltra, B, 2017)	0.46
" Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and perform covariate analysis."	( Population pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma patients. Climente-Martí, M; Guchelaar, HJ; Guglieri-López, B; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Moes, DJ; Pérez-Pitarch, A; Porta-Oltra, B, 2017)	0.46
" In addition, the developed population pharmacokinetic model can be used to individualize lenalidomide dose in multiple myeloma patients, taking into account not only creatinine clearance but also body surface area."	( Population pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma patients. Climente-Martí, M; Guchelaar, HJ; Guglieri-López, B; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Moes, DJ; Pérez-Pitarch, A; Porta-Oltra, B, 2017)	0.46
" Simulations of human plasma concentrations of lenalidomide were achieved with simplified physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models in control and humanized-liver mice or by the direct fitting analysis of reported human data, in accordance with reported lenalidomide concentrations after low dose administration in humans."	( Association of pharmacokinetic profiles of lenalidomide in human plasma simulated using pharmacokinetic data in humanized-liver mice with liver toxicity detected by human serum albumin RNA. Guengerich, FP; Kamiya, Y; Kusama, T; Mitsui, M; Murayama, N; Shimizu, M; Suemizu, H; Uehara, S; Yamazaki, H, 2018)	0.48
" In the same way, the two methods were successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of both THD and DEX after their intra-peritoneal administration."	( Simultaneous Determination of Thalidomide and Dexamethasone in Rat Plasma by Validated HPLC and HPTLC With Pharmacokinetic Study. Abdelkawy, MM; Abdelwahab, NS; Ali, NW; Sharkawi, SMZ; Zaki, MM, 2019)	0.8
" Population pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of intravenous daratumumab in combination therapy versus monotherapy, evaluate the effect of patient- and disease-related covariates on drug disposition, and examine the relationships between daratumumab exposure and efficacy/safety outcomes."	( Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analyses of Daratumumab in Combination Therapy Regimens for Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Belch, A; Capra, M; Clemens, PL; Dimopoulos, MA; Gomez, D; Ho, PJ; Iida, S; Jansson, R; Leiba, M; Medvedova, E; Min, CK; Schecter, J; Sonneveld, P; Sun, YN; Xu, XS; Zhang, L, 2018)	0.48
" The F3 nanoparticles were further evaluated for in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats."	( Preparation of sustained release apremilast-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Alalaiwe, A; Anwer, MK; Ezzeldin, E; Fatima, F; Iqbal, M; Mohammad, M, 2019)	0.51
"A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to describe the pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in different patient populations was developed using data pooled from healthy subjects and patients with Hansen's disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and multiple myeloma (MM)."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Assess the Impact of Disease State on Thalidomide Pharmacokinetics. Chen, N; Gaudy, A; Hwang, R; Palmisano, M, 2020)	1.02
"Maternofoetal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models integrating multi-compartmental maternal and foetal units were developed using Simbiology® to estimate prenatal drug exposure."	( Using mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models to assess prenatal drug exposure: Thalidomide versus efavirenz as case studies. Adejuyigbe, E; Atoyebi, SA; Bolaji, O; Olagunju, A; Owen, A; Rajoli, RKR; Siccardi, M, 2019)	0.73
"Finding biomarkers that provide shared link between disease severity, drug-induced pharmacodynamic effects and response status in human trials can provide number of values for patient benefits: elucidating current therapeutic mechanism-of-action, and, back-translating to fast-track development of next-generation therapeutics."	( Large-scale Analyses of Disease Biomarkers and Apremilast Pharmacodynamic Effects. Ai, J; Eisinger, D; LaBrie, ST; Medvedeva, IV; Schafer, P; Stokes, ME; Trotter, MWB; Yang, R, 2020)	0.56
"We evaluated the pharmacodynamic effects of apremilast in 69 patients who were included in biomarker subanalyses of a phase 2b study that demonstrated the long-term safety and efficacy of apremilast in Japanese adults with moderate to severe psoriasis."	( Pharmacodynamic analysis of apremilast in Japanese patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: Results from a phase 2b randomized trial. Imafuku, S; Komine, M; Nemoto, O; Ohtsuki, M; Okubo, Y; Petric, R; Schafer, P, 2021)	0.62
" Apremilast was rapidly absorbed (maximum concentration: ~2-3 h postdose), and eliminated according to a monoexponential pattern with a terminal-phase elimination half-life of 8-9 h."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of apremilast in healthy Korean adult men. Choi, Y; Huh, KY; Lee, H; Liu, L; Nissel, J; Palmisano, M; Ramirez-Valle, F; Wang, X, 2021)	0.62
" The aims of this analysis were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of apremilast based on observed data from phase 1 studies combined with clinical trial data from subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis, and to develop exposure-response (E-R) models to determine whether Japanese subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis achieve response to apremilast treatment similar to that observed in non-Japanese, predominantly Caucasian subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis."	( Population pharmacokinetic and exposure-response analysis of apremilast in Japanese subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis. Imafuku, S; Kassir, N; Komine, M; Nemoto, O; Ohtsuki, M; Okubo, Y; Petric, R, 2021)	0.62

Compound-Compound Interactions

The therapeutic efficacy of different doses of dexamethasone combined with bortezomib and thalidomide for patients with multiple myeloma is similar, can obviously enhance remission rate, prolong the survival time. The incidence of adverse reactions in low dose Dexamethason rigemen is significantly reduced, and the safety is better.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects of Thd and its derivative, N-Hydroxythalidomide (H-Thd), alone and in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA), upon different in vitro lymphocyte activation pathways and in vivo local graft-versus-host-reaction (GvHR)."	( In vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive potential of thalidomide and its derivative, N-hydroxythalidomide, alone and in combination with cyclosporin A. Chuong, PH; Claude, JR; Galons, H; Huynh-Thien, D; Righenzi, S; Voisin, J; Warnet, JM; Zhu, J, 1997)	0.75
" Additionally, we investigated a potential enhancement of the antitumoral action of thalidomide when combined with a low dose of the antineoplastic carmustine."	( Antiproliferative effect of thalidomide alone and combined with carmustine against C6 rat glioma. Arrieta, O; Guevara, P; Rembao, D; Rivera, E; Sotelo, J; Tamariz, J, 2002)	0.83
" Thalidomide, both alone and in combination with dexamethasone, has been demonstrated to be useful in patients with advanced MM, as responses could be achieved in 30-60% of the cases."	( Thalidomide alone or in combination with dexamethasone in patients with advanced, relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and renal failure. Baccarani, M; Cangini, D; Cavo, M; Cellini, C; Tacchetti, P; Tosi, P; Tura, S; Zamagni, E, 2004)	2.68
"To quantify changes of bone marrow microcirculation in multiple myeloma (MM) using contrast enhanced dynamic MRI (dMRI) during thalidomide as antiangiogenic monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, dexamethasone)."	( [Dynamic MRI of the bone marrow for monitoring multiple myeloma during treatment with thalidomide as monotherapy or in combination with CED chemotherapy]. Delorme, S; Düber, C; Goldschmidt, H; Heiss, J; Hillengass, J; Kauczor, HU; Moehler, T; Neben, K; Nosas, S; Wasser, K, 2004)	0.75
"dMRI can quantify significant changes of bone marrow microcirculation solely during treatment with thalidomide combined with chemotherapy, not with thalidomide alone."	( [Dynamic MRI of the bone marrow for monitoring multiple myeloma during treatment with thalidomide as monotherapy or in combination with CED chemotherapy]. Delorme, S; Düber, C; Goldschmidt, H; Heiss, J; Hillengass, J; Kauczor, HU; Moehler, T; Neben, K; Nosas, S; Wasser, K, 2004)	0.76
"The present study aimed to evaluate the side-effects and efficacy of thalidomide in combination with an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen in previously untreated myeloma patients."	( Thalidomide in combination with vincristine, epirubicin and dexamethasone (VED) for previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Bojko, P; Brandhorst, D; Buttkereit, U; Ebeling, P; Flasshove, M; Hense, J; Hoiczyk, M; Metz, K; Moritz, T; Nowrousian, MR; Opalka, B; Schütt, P; Seeber, S, 2005)	2.01
"The aim of this study was to assess the side effects and the efficacy of thalidomide alone or in combination with dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) and to evaluate possible predictive factors for response rate and survival."	( Thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for pretreated patients with multiple myeloma: serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a predictive factor for response rate and for survival. Brandhorst, D; Buttkereit, U; Ebeling, P; Flasshove, M; Moritz, T; Müller, S; Nowrousian, MR; Opalka, B; Poser, M; Schütt, P; Seeber, S, 2005)	2
"Thalidomide in combination with IL-2 is tolerable and can produce durable, active responses in patients with MRCC."	( Phase I/II study of thalidomide in combination with interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Amato, RJ; Morgan, M; Rawat, A, 2006)	2.1
"Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a reduction of irinotecan (CPT-11) gastrointestinal toxicities when the CPT-11 is administered in combination with thalidomide in patients with diagnosis of colorectal cancer."	( Irinotecan in combination with thalidomide in patients with advanced solid tumors: a clinical study with pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Allegrini, G; Amatori, F; Bocci, G; Cerri, E; Cupini, S; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Di Paolo, A; Falcone, A; Marcucci, L; Masi, G, 2006)	0.82
" Pharmacokinetic data suggested a decreased metabolism of irinotecan into SN-38 and SN-38-glucuronide when it was administered with thalidomide."	( Irinotecan in combination with thalidomide in patients with advanced solid tumors: a clinical study with pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Allegrini, G; Amatori, F; Bocci, G; Cerri, E; Cupini, S; Danesi, R; Del Tacca, M; Di Paolo, A; Falcone, A; Marcucci, L; Masi, G, 2006)	0.82
" This article provides the clinical rationale for the use of PLD in combination with immunomodulatory drugs to treat patients with MM and summarizes the clinical experience with these combinations to date."	( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and immunomodulatory drug combinations in multiple myeloma: rationale and clinical experience. Chanan-Khan, AA; Lee, K, 2007)	0.34
" The animals, which received thalidomide alone orally or in combination with augmentin, 30 min prior to bacterial instillation into the lungs via intranasal route, showed significant (P<0."	( Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide alone or in combination with augmentin in Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 induced acute lung infection in BALB/c mice. Chhibber, S; Kumar, V, 2008)	0.93
" Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of patients with MM who have received at least one prior therapy."	( Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Attal, M; Dimopoulos, M; Harousseau, JL; Hussein, M; Knop, S; Ludwig, H; Palumbo, A; San Miguel, J; Sonneveld, P; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M, 2009)	0.35
" Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 29, 2006, for use in combination with dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least one prior therapy."	( Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma after one prior therapy. Booth, B; Dagher, R; Farrell, A; Hazarika, M; Justice, R; Pazdur, R; Rock, E; Sridhara, R; Williams, G, 2008)	0.35
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bortezomib combined with epirubicin, dexamethasone, and thalidomide (BADT) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)."	( Bortezomib in combination with epirubicin, dexamethasone and thalidomide is a highly effective regimen in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a single-center experience. Hu, X; Huang, C; Lü, S; Ni, X; Qiu, H; Wang, J; Xu, X; Yang, J, 2009)	0.8
" 60 MM patients including 19 de novo patients, out of them 14 patients received the treatment using regimen of bortezomib in combination with thalidomide (BT), 5 patients received bortezomib-methylprednisolone regimen (BMP)."	( [Bortezomib combined with other drugs for treating 60 cases of multiple myeloma]. Chen, SL; Hu, Y; Li, X; Zhang, JJ; Zhong, YP, 2009)	0.55
"Novel agents have demonstrated enhanced efficacy when combined with other antimyeloma agents especially dexamethasone."	( Bortezomib in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and thalidomide is an effective steroid independent salvage regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: results of a phase II clinical trial. Ailawadhi, S; Barcos, M; Bernstein, ZP; Chanan-Khan, A; Czuczman, MS; Iancu, D; Lee, K; Miller, KC; Mohr, A; Musial, L; Padmanabhan, S; Patel, M; Sher, T; Yu, J, 2009)	0.59
" We evaluated thalidomide, an anti-angiogenic agent, when combined with chemotherapy and as maintenance treatment."	( Anti-angiogenic therapy using thalidomide combined with chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ali, K; Ferry, D; Hackshaw, A; James, L; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Middleton, G; O'Brien, M; Rudd, R; Spiro, S; Woll, PJ, 2009)	1
"In this large randomized trial, thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy did not improve survival of patients with SCLC but was associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events."	( Anti-angiogenic therapy using thalidomide combined with chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ali, K; Ferry, D; Hackshaw, A; James, L; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Middleton, G; O'Brien, M; Rudd, R; Spiro, S; Woll, PJ, 2009)	0.93
"NP regimen combined with thalidomide can significantly prolong the median time to tumor progression in patients with advanced NSCLC."	( [Randomized study of thalidomide combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. Gu, AQ; Han, BH; Qi, DJ; Shen, J; Song, YY; Xin, Y; Xiong, LW; Zhang, XY, 2009)	0.98
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thalidomide (THD) combined with dexamethasone (Dx) on multiple myeloma KM3 cells and its mechanism."	( [Effect of thalidomide combined with dexamethasone on multiple myeloma KM3 cells]. Gao, B; Gao, N; Gu, J; He, B; Li, JY; Zhang, Y; Zhou, W, 2009)	0.99
" We hypothesized that thalidomide, an oral antiangiogenic agent, when combined with chemotherapy, and as maintenance treatment, would improve survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."	( Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thalidomide in combination with gemcitabine and Carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Gilligan, D; Gower, N; Hackshaw, A; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Ottensmeier, C; Price, A; Rudd, R; Spiro, S; Woll, PJ, 2009)	0.92
"In this large trial of patients with NSCLC, thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy did not improve survival overall, but increased the risk of thrombotic events."	( Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thalidomide in combination with gemcitabine and Carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Gilligan, D; Gower, N; Hackshaw, A; Jitlal, M; Lee, SM; Ottensmeier, C; Price, A; Rudd, R; Spiro, S; Woll, PJ, 2009)	0.86
" The results of five phase III trials assessing thalidomide in combination with melphalan and prednisone (MPT) have demonstrated significantly improved response rates compared with melphalan and prednisone (MP) alone."	( Consensus guidelines for the optimal management of adverse events in newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible patients receiving melphalan and prednisone in combination with thalidomide (MPT) for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bladé, J; Davies, F; Delforge, M; Facon, T; Garcia Sanz, R; Kropff, M; Leal da Costa, F; Moreau, P; Morgan, G; Palumbo, A; Schey, S, 2010)	0.81
" We have investigated the role of artemisone (ATM), a novel derivative of artemisinin (ART) in a cancer setting both alone and in combination with established chemotherapeutic agents."	( In vitro study of the anti-cancer effects of artemisone alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Chan, WC; Dalgleish, AG; Gravett, AM; Haynes, RK; Krishna, S; Liu, WM; Wilson, NL, 2011)	0.37
" Finally, ART and ATM were combined with the common anti-cancer agents oxaliplatin, gemcitabine and thalidomide."	( In vitro study of the anti-cancer effects of artemisone alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Chan, WC; Dalgleish, AG; Gravett, AM; Haynes, RK; Krishna, S; Liu, WM; Wilson, NL, 2011)	0.59
" This phase 1/2 dose-escalation study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and dexamethasone (M-dex), and assess the efficacy and tolerability of this therapy for patients with de novo AL amyloidosis."	( Lenalidomide in combination with melphalan and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: a multicenter phase 1/2 dose-escalation study. Alakl, M; Benboubker, L; Bridoux, F; Fermand, JP; Harousseau, JL; Hermine, O; Jaccard, A; Leblond, V; Leleu, X; Moreau, P; Planche, L; Roussel, M; Royer, B; Salles, G, 2010)	0.36
" This factorial design phase I/II protocol tested dose-dense temozolomide alone and combined with cytostatic agents."	( A phase I factorial design study of dose-dense temozolomide alone and in combination with thalidomide, isotretinoin, and/or celecoxib as postchemoradiation adjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Chang, E; Colman, H; Conrad, C; de Groot, J; Giglio, P; Gilbert, MR; Gonzalez, J; Groves, MD; Hess, K; Hunter, K; Levin, V; Mahajan, A; Puduvalli, V; Woo, S; Yung, WK, 2010)	0.58
"Thalidomide used in combination with TAE enhanced anti-tumour effects in rabbits bearing VX2 liver tumours."	( Anti-tumour effects of transcatheter arterial embolisation administered in combination with thalidomide in a rabbit VX2 liver tumour model. Murata, K; Nitta, N; Nitta-Seko, A; Ohta, S; Otani, H; Sonoda, A; Takahashi, M; Tsuchiya, K, 2011)	2.03
" This phase I study was performed to identify the optimal dose of pomalidomide to be used in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( A phase I, dose-escalation study of pomalidomide (CC-4047) in combination with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreas cancer. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hainsworth, JD; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Messersmith, WA; Spigel, DR; Weekes, CD; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.37
"A total of thirty-seven patients with MDS-RCMD or-RAEB-I were treated with CsA in combination with thalidomide."	( [Cyclosporine A in combination with thalidomide for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes]. Hao, YS; Liu, KQ; Qin, TJ; Xiao, ZJ; Xu, ZF; Zhang, Y, 2010)	0.85
"CsA in combination with thalidomide appears to be effective mainly in inducing HI-E and relatively well-tolerated for the treatment of patients with MDS."	( [Cyclosporine A in combination with thalidomide for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes]. Hao, YS; Liu, KQ; Qin, TJ; Xiao, ZJ; Xu, ZF; Zhang, Y, 2010)	0.94
"We evaluated the in vitro antimyeloma activity of AT9283 alone and in combination with lenalidomide and the in vivo efficacy by using a xenograft mouse model of human MM."	( Antimyeloma activity of a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, AT9283, via potent Aurora kinase and STAT3 inhibition either alone or in combination with lenalidomide. Anderson, KC; Bandi, M; Chauhan, D; Cirstea, D; Gorgun, G; Hideshima, T; Hu, Y; Mahindra, A; Munshi, NC; Nelson, EA; Patel, K; Pozzi, S; Raje, N; Rodig, S; Santo, L; Squires, M; Unitt, C; Vallet, S, 2011)	0.37
" We conducted a phase I trial to establish the maximum tolerated dose of lenalidomide that could be combined with R-CHOP (rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)."	( Lenalidomide can be safely combined with R-CHOP (R2CHOP) in the initial chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell lymphomas: phase I study. Ansell, SM; Habermann, TM; Inwards, DJ; Johnston, PB; Klebig, RR; LaPlant, B; Macon, WR; Micallef, IN; Nowakowski, GS; Porrata, LF; Reeder, CB; Rivera, CE; Witzig, TE, 2011)	0.37
" In conclusion, thalidomide alone, or in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine, controlled disease for >6 months in ∼30% of patients."	( The predictive role of serum VEGF in an advanced malignant mesothelioma patient cohort treated with thalidomide alone or combined with cisplatin/gemcitabine. Abraham, R; Clarke, S; Cullen, M; Davey, R; Harvie, R; Kao, SC; Kerestes, Z; Marx, G; Paturi, F; Pavlakis, N; Taylor, R, 2012)	0.94
"Patients were randomly assigned to the control arm (PC) involving two cycles of induction paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 6 followed by 60 Gy thoracic radiation administered concurrently with weekly paclitaxel 45 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC 2, or to the experimental arm (TPC), receiving the same treatment in combination with thalidomide at a starting dose of 200 mg daily."	( Randomized phase III study of thoracic radiation in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without thalidomide in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: the ECOG 3598 study. Belinsky, SA; Dahlberg, SE; Fitzgerald, TJ; Hoang, T; Johnson, DH; Mehta, MP; Schiller, JH, 2012)	0.76
" In preclinical and clinical studies, panobinostat showed good anti-myeloma activity in combination with several agents."	( Phase II study of melphalan, thalidomide and prednisone combined with oral panobinostat in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Alesiani, F; Ballanti, S; Boccadoro, M; Caraffa, P; Catarini, M; Cavallo, F; Corvatta, L; Gentili, S; Leoni, P; Liberati, AM; Offidani, M; Palumbo, A; Polloni, C; Pulini, S, 2012)	0.67
"This study was purposed to analyze the clinical features and evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide combined with VAD regimen for treatment of osteosclerotic myeloma (POEMS syndrome)."	( [Clinical observation of thalidomide combined with VAD regimen for treatment of osteosclerotic myeloma (POEMS syndrome)]. Gan, SL; Liu, YF; Meng, XL; Sun, H; Sun, L; Wan, DM; Zhou, JW, 2012)	0.91
"Ezatiostat was administered to 19 patients with non-deletion(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) at one of two doses (2000 mg or 2500 mg/day) in combination with 10 mg of lenalidomide on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle."	( Phase 1 dose-ranging study of ezatiostat hydrochloride in combination with lenalidomide in patients with non-deletion (5q) low to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Boccia, R; Brown, GL; Galili, N; Garcia-Manero, G; Lyons, RM; Mesa, RA; Mulford, D; Raza, A; Sekeres, MA; Smith, SE; Steensma, DP, 2012)	0.38
"The tolerability and activity profile of ezatiostat co-administered with lenalidomide supports the further development of ezatiostat in combination with lenalidomide in MDS and also encourages studies of this combination in other hematologic malignancies where lenalidomide is active."	( Phase 1 dose-ranging study of ezatiostat hydrochloride in combination with lenalidomide in patients with non-deletion (5q) low to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Boccia, R; Brown, GL; Galili, N; Garcia-Manero, G; Lyons, RM; Mesa, RA; Mulford, D; Raza, A; Sekeres, MA; Smith, SE; Steensma, DP, 2012)	0.38
" We aimed to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide when combined with rituximab in a phase 1 trial and to assess the efficacy and safety of this combination in a phase 2 trial in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL."	( Lenalidomide in combination with rituximab for patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma: a phase 1/2 clinical trial. Badillo, M; Bejarano, M; Bell, N; Byrne, C; Cabanillas, F; Champlin, R; Chen, W; Chen, Y; Fanale, M; Fayad, L; Feng, L; Fowler, N; Hagemeister, F; Hartig, K; Kwak, L; McLaughlin, P; Neelapu, SS; Newberry, KJ; Romaguera, J; Samaniego, F; Sun, L; Wagner-Bartak, N; Wang, M; Younes, A; Young, KH; Zeldis, J; Zhang, L, 2012)	0.38
" A total of 704 patients (390 aged <65 years, 232 aged 65-74 years, and 82 aged ≥75 years) received lenalidomide or placebo, both in combination with dexamethasone."	( Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone improves survival and time-to-progression in patients ≥65 years old with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Borrello, I; Chanan-Khan, AA; Dimopoulos, M; Foà, R; Hellmann, A; Knight, R; Lonial, S; Swern, AS; Weber, D, 2012)	0.38
" Rats with implanted liver tumors were randomized into four treatment groups: 1) Zd6126 (Zd); 2) Thalidomide (Tha); 3) Zd in combination with Tha (ZdTha); and 4) controls."	( Enhanced antitumor efficacy of a vascular disrupting agent combined with an antiangiogenic in a rat liver tumor model evaluated by multiparametric MRI. Chen, F; Cona, MM; De Geest, B; De Keyzer, F; Feng, Y; Jiang, Y; Li, J; Marchal, G; Ni, Y; Oyen, R; Verfaillie, C; Wang, H; Yu, J; Zheng, K, 2012)	0.6
"Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have anti-MM activity in combination with dexamethasone or lenalidomide."	( CEP-18770 (delanzomib) in combination with dexamethasone and lenalidomide inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma. Berenson, JR; Chen, H; Hunter, K; Jones-Bolin, S; Li, J; Li, M; Ruggeri, B; Sanchez, E; Wang, C, 2012)	0.38
"To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of capecitabine combined with thalidomide in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) who have previously received gemcitabine-based therapy."	( Phase II trial of capecitabine combined with thalidomide in second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Liu, QY; Niu, ZX; Shi, SB; Tang, XY; Wang, M, )	0.62
"Capecitabine combined with thalidomide is a well-tolerated second-line regimen, in patients with APC refractory to gemcitabine."	( Phase II trial of capecitabine combined with thalidomide in second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Liu, QY; Niu, ZX; Shi, SB; Tang, XY; Wang, M, )	0.69
"To evaluate the 6-mo overall survival, safety and tolerability of lenalidomide in combination with standard gemcitabine as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer."	( Lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas: a Sarah Cannon Research Institute phase II trial. Arkenau, HT; Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hainsworth, JD; Infante, JR; Jones, GT; Lane, CM; Rubin, MS; Spigel, DR; Waterhouse, D, 2013)	0.39
"This phase I/IIA study evaluated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and clinical benefit of pomalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), combined with cisplatin+etoposide chemotherapy, in treatment-naive patients with extensive-stage (ES) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)."	( A phase I study of pomalidomide (CC-4047) in combination with cisplatin and etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Beck, R; Ellis, PM; Fandi, A; Jungnelius, U; Shepherd, FA; Zhang, J, 2013)	0.39
"Thalidomide, the first clinically available immunomodulatory drug, reaches monotherapy treatment response in about 1/ 3 of significantly pretreated patients with multiple myeloma, and in combination with glucocorticoids approximately 50% response rate."	( [Thalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma: focus on combination with bortezomib]. Gumulec, J; Hájek, R; Plonková, H, 2013)	2.74
"We conducted a phase I dose escalation study to determine the maximal tolerated dose of bortezomib that could be combined with standard dose lenalidomide in patients with MDS or AML."	( Phase I dose escalation study of bortezomib in combination with lenalidomide in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Amrein, PC; Attar, EC; Ballen, KK; Deangelo, DJ; Fathi, AT; Foster, J; Fraser, JW; McAfee, S; Neuberg, D; Steensma, DP; Stone, RM; Wadleigh, M, 2013)	0.39
" Furthermore, reported for the first time is the effect of lenalidomide in combination with cetuximab on T cell function, including increases in circulating naïve and central memory T cells."	( Immunomodulatory effects in a phase II study of lenalidomide combined with cetuximab in refractory KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Chopra, R; Gandhi, AK; Jungnelius, U; Li, M; Romano, A; Schafer, PH; Shi, T; Siena, S; Tabernero, J, 2013)	0.39
" In conclusion, the poor results obtained with lenalidomide in combination with vorinostat and dexamethasone provide no arguments that could justify further investigation of this drug combination for the treatment of relapsed PTCL."	( Lenalidomide in combination with vorinostat and dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed/refractory peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL): report of a phase I/II trial. Egle, A; Greil, R; Hopfinger, G; Lang, A; Linkesch, W; Melchardt, T; Nösslinger, T; Weiss, L, 2014)	0.4
" The C max of digoxin was slightly higher (+14 %) when administered with lenalidomide versus placebo."	( No clinically significant drug interactions between lenalidomide and P‑glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors: results from controlled phase I studies in healthy volunteers. Chen, N; Kasserra, C; Kumar, G; Liu, L; Palmisano, M; Reyes, J; Wang, X; Weiss, D; Weiss, L; Zhou, S, 2014)	0.4
"Thalidomide can down-regulate serum VEGF level in EC patients, and combined with radiotherapy may improve treatment outcome."	( Clinical trial of thalidomide combined with radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Hu, LJ; Li, DQ; Li, Y; Ni, XC; Sun, SP; Sun, ZQ; Wang, J; Yu, JP, 2014)	2.18
" Xenografts acquired resistance to two generations of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs; lenalidomide and pomalidomide) in combination with dexamethasone, that was reversible after a wash-out period."	( In vivo murine model of acquired resistance in myeloma reveals differential mechanisms for lenalidomide and pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone. Bjorklund, CC; Corchete, LA; Couto, S; Delgado, M; Díaz-Rodríguez, E; Fernández-Lázaro, D; Garayoa, M; García-Gómez, A; Gutiérrez, NC; López-Corral, L; Mateos, MV; Montero, JC; Ocio, EM; Paíno, T; Pandiella, A; San-Miguel, JF; San-Segundo, L; Wang, M, 2015)	0.42
" We demonstrated that lenalidomide can be safely combined with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone); this new combination is known as R2CHOP."	( Lenalidomide combined with R-CHOP overcomes negative prognostic impact of non-germinal center B-cell phenotype in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma: a phase II study. Ansell, SM; Foran, JM; Gascoyne, RD; Habermann, TM; Inwards, DJ; Johnston, PB; LaPlant, B; Macon, WR; Micallef, IN; Nelson, GD; Nowakowski, GS; Porrata, LF; Reeder, CB; Rivera, CE; Thompson, CA; Witzig, TE, 2015)	0.42
"Low-dose THAL together with PRED appeared to be effective in the treatment of PMF-associated anemia, and the response duration would prolong significantly if combined with DANA."	( [Comparison of low-dose thalidomide and prednisone combined with or without danazol for the treatment of primary myelofibrosis-associated anemia]. Fang, L; Hu, N; Li, B; Pan, L; Qin, T; Qu, S; Xiao, Z; Xu, J; Xu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.71
" Little is known about pomalidomide's potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs); as pomalidomide clearance includes hydrolysis and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-mediated hydroxylation, possible DDIs via CYP450 and drug-transporter proteins were investigated in vitro and in a clinical study."	( Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. Assaf, M; Hoffmann, M; Kasserra, C; Kumar, G; Li, Y; Liu, L; Palmisano, M; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
" Bendamustine was administered with a cumulative dose of up to 200 mg/m(2)."	( Bendamustine in combination with thalidomide and dexamethasone is a viable salvage option in myeloma relapsed and/or refractory to bortezomib and lenalidomide. Aitchison, R; Blesing, N; Lau, IJ; Peniket, A; Rabin, N; Ramasamy, K; Roberts, P; Smith, D; Yong, K, 2015)	0.7
" The effect of the drug alone and in combination with radiotherapy using Cobalt 60 (60Co) at 45 Gy on the enzymatic activity of substance‑P degrading A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 and neprilysin (NEP) was investigated in the mouse breast cancer cell lines 4T1 and 4T1 heart metastases post‑capsaicin (4THMpc)."	( Thalidomide combined with irradiation alters the activity of two proteases. Aydemir, E; Fişkın, K; Korcum, AF; Şimşek, E, 2015)	1.86
" In a phase 1/2 trial we aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and activity of ixazomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma."	( Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1/2 study. Berdeja, JG; Berg, D; Di Bacco, A; Estevam, J; Gupta, N; Hamadani, M; Hari, P; Hui, AM; Kaufman, JL; Kumar, SK; Laubach, JP; Liao, E; Lonial, S; Niesvizky, R; Rajkumar, V; Richardson, PG; Roy, V; Stewart, AK; Vescio, R, 2014)	0.4
"In this Phase 1b study, the safety and tolerability of maintenance therapy, comprising lenalidomide (0-25 mg, days 5-25) in combination with azacitidine (50-75 mg/m(2) , days 1-5) every 28 d, was explored in 40 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in complete remission after chemotherapy."	( Maintenance lenalidomide in combination with 5-azacitidine as post-remission therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. Avery, S; Fleming, S; Govindaraj, C; McManus, J; Patil, S; Perruzza, S; Plebanski, M; Spencer, A; Stevenson, W; Tan, P; Wei, A, 2015)	0.42
"On August 5, 2013, a marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union (EU) was issued for pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least two prior treatment regimens, including both lenalidomide and bortezomib, and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy."	( The European medicines agency review of pomalidomide in combination with low-dose dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma: summary of the scientific assessment of the committee for medicinal products for human use. Camarero, J; Flores, B; Gisselbrecht, C; Hanaizi, Z; Hemmings, R; Laane, E; Pignatti, F; Salmonson, T; Sancho-Lopez, A, 2015)	0.42
" The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide given in combination with gemcitabine was defined as the highest dose level at which no more than one out of four (25%) subjects experiences a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT)."	( A phase I dose-escalation study of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Liljefors, M; Rossmann, E; Ullenhag, GJ, 2015)	0.42
"Treatment with dose-adjusted Len combined with low-dose Dex is an effective and safe therapy for older RRMM patients exhibiting renal impairment after receiving Bor-based therapies."	( Dose-adjusted Lenalidomide Combined with Low-dose Dexamethasone Rescues Older Patients with Bortezomib-resistant Multiple Myeloma. Kadowaki, M; Kohno, K; Okamura, S; Takase, K; Yamasaki, S, 2015)	0.42
" This chart review evaluated the use of methotrexate alone and in combination with 7 other systemic therapies in 48 patients with palmoplantar psoriasis."	( The Use of Methotrexate, Alone or in Combination With Other Therapies, for the Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis. Klufas, DM; Strober, BE; Wald, JM, 2015)	0.42
"To explore the inhibitory effect of thalidomide combined with interferon (IFN) on the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line Kasumi- 1 and its mechanism."	( [Inhibitory effect of thalidomide combined with interferon on the proliferation of Kasumi-1 cells]. Fan, R; Mi, R; Wang, X; Wei, X; Xu, H; Yin, Q, 2015)	1.01
"LTD) combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer."	( Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Deng, LC; Gu, HG; Gu, M; Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Li, L; Liu, MY; Liu, Y; Qian, T; Shen, HL; Wang, L; Yan, XC, 2015)	1.86
"A consecutive cohort of pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with thalidomide combined with chemotherapy."	( Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Deng, LC; Gu, HG; Gu, M; Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Li, L; Liu, MY; Liu, Y; Qian, T; Shen, HL; Wang, L; Yan, XC, 2015)	2.08
"Thalidomide combined with chemotherapy was safe and mildly effective in treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer."	( Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Deng, LC; Gu, HG; Gu, M; Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Li, L; Liu, MY; Liu, Y; Qian, T; Shen, HL; Wang, L; Yan, XC, 2015)	3.3
"Elotuzumab combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma showed acceptable safety and efficacy that seems better than that previously noted with lenalidomide and dexamethasone only."	( Elotuzumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: final phase 2 results from the randomised, open-label, phase 1b-2 dose-escalation study. Anderson, KC; Benboubker, L; Bleickardt, E; Facon, T; Jagannath, S; Jakubowiak, AJ; Lonial, S; Moreau, P; Raab, MS; Reece, DE; Richardson, PG; Singhal, AK; Tsao, LC; Vij, R; White, D; Zonder, J, 2015)	0.42
"Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been shown to be effective against relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)."	( Phase I study of once weekly treatment with bortezomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Hagiwara, S; Iida, S; Ishida, T; Ito, A; Kanamori, T; Kato, C; Kinoshita, S; Komatsu, H; Kusumoto, S; Masuda, A; Murakami, S; Nakashima, T; Narita, T; Ri, M; Suzuki, N; Totani, H; Yoshida, T, 2016)	0.43
"The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of elotuzumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-F7, combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Elotuzumab Combined With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Various Levels of Renal Impairment: Results of a Phase Ib Study. Badros, A; Berdeja, J; Bleickardt, E; Gupta, M; Jagannath, S; Kaufman, JL; Lynch, M; Manges, R; Paliwal, P; Tendolkar, A; Vij, R; Zonder, J, 2016)	0.43
" We conducted a phase I study of lenalidomide in combination with FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) in patients with advanced cancer."	( Phase I clinical trial of lenalidomide in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced cancer. Falchook, G; Fu, S; Hong, DS; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Said, R; Tsimberidou, AM; Wheler, JJ; Ye, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Lenalidomide in combination with FOLFOX was well tolerated."	( Phase I clinical trial of lenalidomide in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced cancer. Falchook, G; Fu, S; Hong, DS; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Said, R; Tsimberidou, AM; Wheler, JJ; Ye, Y, 2016)	0.43
" We conducted a phase 1b trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide in combination with R-ESHAP (rituximab, etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, methylprednisolone) (LR-ESHAP) in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL."	( Lenalidomide in combination with R-ESHAP in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a phase 1b study from GELTAMO group. Caballero, D; Canales, M; Dlouhy, I; González-Barca, E; López-Guillermo, A; Martín, A; Montes-Moreno, S; Ocio, EM; Redondo, AM; Salar, A, 2016)	0.43
"To evaluate the short term-efficacy and safety of apremilast in combination with at least one form of photo-, systemic, or biologic therapy in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis."	( Use of Apremilast in Combination With Other Therapies for Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Retrospective Study. AbuHilal, M; Shear, N; Walsh, S, 2016)	0.43
"A total of 81 patients with plaque psoriasis were treated with apremilast in combination with at least 1 other therapy (NB-UVB, methotrexate, acitretin, cyclosporin, etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, or ustekinumab)."	( Use of Apremilast in Combination With Other Therapies for Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Retrospective Study. AbuHilal, M; Shear, N; Walsh, S, 2016)	0.43
"Apremilast can be safely and effectively combined with phototherapy, systemic, and/or biological agents in patients with plaque psoriasis not responding adequately to these agents alone."	( Use of Apremilast in Combination With Other Therapies for Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Retrospective Study. AbuHilal, M; Shear, N; Walsh, S, 2016)	0.43
"To explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy combined with autogenetic peripheral blood stem cells transplantation (APBSCT)in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)."	( [Efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation in 201 patients with multiple myeloma]. Chang, H; Du, J; Fan, J; Fu, W; He, H; Hou, J; Jiang, H; Jin, L; Xi, H; Zeng, T; Zhang, C; Zhou, L, 2016)	0.43
"To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety between CHOPE regimen alone and it combined with thalidomide for relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma."	( [Clinical Efficacy Comparison between CHOPE Regimen alone and It Combined with Thalidomide for Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]. Yang, YZ, 2016)	0.88
"Compared with CHOPE regimen alone, CHOPE regimen combined with thalidomide for relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can efficiently delay the disease progression, reduce tumor burden level, enhance the long-term survival rate, morever did not increase the risk of toxic side effects."	( [Clinical Efficacy Comparison between CHOPE Regimen alone and It Combined with Thalidomide for Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma]. Yang, YZ, 2016)	0.9
"Pomalidomide is an IMiD(®) immunomodulatory agent, which has shown clinically significant benefits in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (rrMM) patients when combined with dexamethasone, regardless of refractory status to lenalidomide or bortezomib."	( Pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone results in synergistic anti-tumour responses in pre-clinical models of lenalidomide-resistant multiple myeloma. Bjorklund, CC; Cathers, BE; Chopra, R; Daniel, TO; Gandhi, AK; Leisten, J; Lopez-Girona, A; Lu, L; Mendy, D; Miller, K; Narla, RK; Ning, Y; Orlowski, RZ; Raymon, HK; Rychak, E; Shi, T; Thakurta, A, 2016)	0.43
" We developed a phase I study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Len in combination with intermediate dose AraC (1."	( A phase I study of intermediate dose cytarabine in combination with lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Brady, WE; Dickey, NM; Ford, LA; Griffiths, EA; L Bashaw, H; Sperrazza, J; Tan, W; Thompson, JE; Vigil, CE; Wang, ES; Wetzler, M, 2016)	0.43
" Lenalidomide has a manageable safety profile whether administered as a single agent or in combination with rituximab."	( Clinical experience with lenalidomide alone or in combination with rituximab in indolent B-cell and mantle cell lymphomas. Martin, P; Ruan, J; Schuster, SJ; Shah, B, 2016)	0.43
"Fourteen patients with advanced lung cancer were scheduled to receive chemotherapy combined with thalidomide."	( Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced lung Cancer. Huang, XE; Li, L, 2016)	2.09
"Our results demonstrate that thalidomide combined with chemotherapy is mildly effective and safe for treating patients with advanced lung cancer."	( Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced lung Cancer. Huang, XE; Li, L, 2016)	2.17
"To investigate the clinical efficacy of regimen consisting of lenalidomide combined with chemotherapy for acute leukemia and its impact on vascular endothilial growth factor (vEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and to analyze the relationship lenalidomide with therapeutic efficacy of leukemia."	( [Clinical Curative Efficacy of Lenalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy for Acute Leukemia and Its Impact on VEGF]. Ma, LM; Ruan, LH; Yang, XW; Zhao, XQ, 2016)	0.43
"The lenalidomide combined with chemotherapy can significantly decrease the expression level of VEGF and bFGF, and enhance the remission rate of patients with AML."	( [Clinical Curative Efficacy of Lenalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy for Acute Leukemia and Its Impact on VEGF]. Ma, LM; Ruan, LH; Yang, XW; Zhao, XQ, 2016)	0.43
"To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low dose thalidomide (TD) combined with modified VCMP (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+melphalan+prednisone) (TD+mVCMP) and VAD (vincristine+doxorubicin+dexamethsone) (TD+VAD) regimens for treating aged patients with MM."	( [Efficacy Comparison of Low dose Thalidomide Combined with Modified VCMP and VAD regimens for Treatment of Aged MM Patients]. Liu, HB; Wang, W, 2016)	0.96
"Low dose TD combined with modified VCMP regimen for treatment of newly diagnosed aged patients with MM is safe and effective, which may be used as the first line treatment regimen for population in aged MM patients."	( [Efficacy Comparison of Low dose Thalidomide Combined with Modified VCMP and VAD regimens for Treatment of Aged MM Patients]. Liu, HB; Wang, W, 2016)	0.72
" We evaluated the safety and tolerability of elotuzumab 10 mg/kg combined with thalidomide 50-200 mg and dexamethasone 40 mg (with/without cyclophosphamide 50 mg) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)."	( Elotuzumab in combination with thalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone: a phase 2 single-arm safety study in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Blade, J; Bleickardt, E; Gironella, M; Granell, M; Hernandez, MT; Lynch, M; Martín, J; Martinez-Lopez, J; Mateos, MV; Oriol, A; Paliwal, P; San-Miguel, J; Singhal, A, 2016)	0.95
"The use of carfilzomib/pomalidomide single-agent or in combination with other agents in patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM) was not clearly clarified in clinical practice."	( Carfilzomib/pomalidomide single-agent or in combination with other agents for the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of 37 trials. Fan, L; Hu, C; Ma, X; Ran, X; Yu, H; Zou, Y, 2017)	0.46
"To investigate the effects of interferon-α2b combined with thalidomid(THD) on the proliferation and apoptosis of HEL cells, and expression of JAK2V617F-mutated gene."	( [Effect of Interferon Combined with Thalidomid on HEL Cell Apoptosis and JAK2V617F Mutation Gene Expression]. Cai, ZM; Wang, Y; Wu, XX; Xue, LG; Zhao, LD, 2016)	0.43
"The cell survival rates were assayed by CCK-8 after HEL cells were treated by interferon-α2b, thalidomid and thalidomid combined with interferon-α2b for 24, 48 and 72 hours, while the apoptosis and expression of JAK2V617F mutation gene were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence quantitative PCR respectively after treatmemt for 48 hours."	( [Effect of Interferon Combined with Thalidomid on HEL Cell Apoptosis and JAK2V617F Mutation Gene Expression]. Cai, ZM; Wang, Y; Wu, XX; Xue, LG; Zhao, LD, 2016)	0.43
"IFN-α2b combined with THD could more obviously inhibit the proliferation of HEL cells than IFN-α2b or THD alone for 24 and 48 and 72 hours, and the differences between groups were statistically significant(P<0."	( [Effect of Interferon Combined with Thalidomid on HEL Cell Apoptosis and JAK2V617F Mutation Gene Expression]. Cai, ZM; Wang, Y; Wu, XX; Xue, LG; Zhao, LD, 2016)	0.43
"IFN-α2b combined with THD can obviously inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of HEL cells more than that of IFN-α2b alone, but the effect of reducing JAK2V617F mutation gene expression is not different."	( [Effect of Interferon Combined with Thalidomid on HEL Cell Apoptosis and JAK2V617F Mutation Gene Expression]. Cai, ZM; Wang, Y; Wu, XX; Xue, LG; Zhao, LD, 2016)	0.43
" We have previously shown in a retrospective analysis that lenalidomide combined with continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone (REP) had remarkable activity in heavily pretreated, lenalidomide-refractory MM patients."	( Phase 1/2 study of lenalidomide combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. Beeker, A; Bloem, AC; Bos, GMJ; Broijl, A; Faber, LM; Franssen, LE; Klein, SK; Koene, HR; Levin, MD; Lokhorst, HM; Mutis, T; Nijhof, IS; Oostvogels, R; Raymakers, R; Sonneveld, P; van de Donk, NWCJ; van der Spek, E; van Kessel, B; van Spronsen, DJ; van Velzen, J; Westerweel, PE; Ypma, PF; Zweegman, S, 2016)	0.43
"In 12 patients with relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the efficacy and safety of a novel regimen, namely thalidomide combined with interferon and interleukin 2 (IL-2), were initially explored."	( [Thalidomide combined with interferon and interleukin-2 in treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia]. Ai, H; Chen, L; Hao, QM; Mi, RH; Song, YP; Wang, P; Wei, XD; Yin, QS; Yuan, FF, 2016)	1.55
"Clinical trials of vorinostat, a Class I/II histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents have shown activity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( A phase IIb trial of vorinostat in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma refractory to previous lenalidomide-containing regimens. Anand, P; Bilotti, E; Biran, N; Ivanovski, K; McBride, L; Richter, JR; Sanchez, L; Siegel, DS; Vesole, DH, 2017)	0.46
"We report the first clinical investigation conducted in Japan to confirm the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ixazomib alone and combined with lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( Phase 1 study of ixazomib alone or combined with lenalidomide-dexamethasone in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Chou, T; Handa, H; Ishizawa, K; Kase, Y; Suzuki, K; Takubo, T, 2017)	0.46
" In a previous phase 3 study in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), elotuzumab (10 mg/kg, ∼3-h infusion), combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, demonstrated durable efficacy and acceptable safety; 10% (33/321) of patients had infusion reactions (IRs; Grade 1/2: 29; Grade 3: 4)."	( A phase 2 safety study of accelerated elotuzumab infusion, over less than 1 h, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, in patients with multiple myeloma. Badarinath, S; Berenson, J; Cartmell, A; Harb, W; Lyons, R; Manges, R; McIntyre, K; Mohamed, H; Nourbakhsh, A; Rifkin, R, 2017)	0.46
"On November 30, 2015, the FDA approved elotuzumab (Empliciti; Bristol-Myers Squibb) in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who received one to three prior therapies."	( FDA Drug Approval: Elotuzumab in Combination with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Deisseroth, A; Farrell, AT; Goldberg, KB; Gormley, NJ; Kaminskas, E; Ko, CW; Kormanik, N; Nie, L; Pazdur, R, 2017)	0.46
" These studies provide further support for clinical trials evaluating OPZ in combination with Pom and Dex."	( Anti-angiogenic and anti-multiple myeloma effects of oprozomib (OPZ) alone and in combination with pomalidomide (Pom) and/or dexamethasone (Dex). Berenson, JR; Chen, H; Gillespie, A; Li, M; Sanchez, E; Tang, G; Wang, CS, 2017)	0.46
"Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about efficacy and safety of thalidomide combined with TACE for primary HCC were identified from the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, and Wan Fang until August, 2016."	( Thalidomide combined with transcatheter artierial chemoembolzation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cao, DD; Gao, SF; Ge, W; Liu, L; Xu, HL; Xu, XM; Zheng, YF, 2017)	2.14
"Our findings suggest that thalidomide combined with TACE shows better clinical efficacy and tolerable adverse events in patients with primary HCC when compared with TACE alone."	( Thalidomide combined with transcatheter artierial chemoembolzation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cao, DD; Gao, SF; Ge, W; Liu, L; Xu, HL; Xu, XM; Zheng, YF, 2017)	2.2
" This phase I/II study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and efficacy of lenalidomide combined with panobinostat in relapsed/refractory HL."	( A Phase I/II Trial of Panobinostat in Combination With Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. Bartlett, NL; Blum, KA; Christian, BA; Devine, SM; Fehniger, TA; Jaglowski, SM; Maly, JJ; Phelps, MA; Sexton, JL; Wagner-Johnston, ND; Wei, L; Zhu, X, 2017)	0.46
"Our results demonstrated that thalidomide combined with capecitabine was mildly effective and safe for treating elderly patients with advanced GC."	( Thalidomide combined with chemotherapy in treating elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. Chu, Y; Li, Y; Song, R; Xu, F, 2018)	2.21
"To discuss and assess the clinical value of treating lung cancer cachexia with thalidomide combined with cinobufagin."	( Clinical study on thalidomide combined with cinobufagin to treat lung cancer cachexia. Bao, Y; Bu, K; Chen, X; Lu, Y; Qin, S; Xie, M, 2018)	1.04
"Using thalidomide combined with cinobufagin to treat patients with lung cancer cachexia will significantly improve their nutritional status and quality of life."	( Clinical study on thalidomide combined with cinobufagin to treat lung cancer cachexia. Bao, Y; Bu, K; Chen, X; Lu, Y; Qin, S; Xie, M, 2018)	1.3
"This phase 1 study investigated the safety of the anthracycline amrubicin combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma."	( A phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study of amrubicin in combination with lenalidomide and weekly dexamethasone in previously treated adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Berube, C; Coutré, SE; Dinner, S; Dunn, TJ; Gotlib, J; Kaufman, GP; Liedtke, M; Medeiros, BC; Price, E, 2018)	0.48
"To study the clinical efficacy and safety of dexamethasone of different doses combined with bortezomib and thalidomide for treatment of primary multiple myeloma."	( [Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Dexamethasone Combined with Bortezomib and Thalidomide for Treating Patients with Multiple Myeloma]. Fu, LP; Ji, Y; Li, CS; Zhang, WP, 2018)	0.91
"The therapeutic efficacy of different doses of dexamethasone combined with bortezomib and thalidomide for patients with multiple myeloma is similar, can obviously enhance remission rate, prolong the survival time, promote life quality, but the incidence of adverse reactions in low dose dexamethason rigemen is significantly reduced, and the safety is better."	( [Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Dexamethasone Combined with Bortezomib and Thalidomide for Treating Patients with Multiple Myeloma]. Fu, LP; Ji, Y; Li, CS; Zhang, WP, 2018)	0.92
"Thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy is an alternative treatment option for elderly patients with AML."	( Thalidomide in Combination with Chemotherapy in Treating Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Chen, C; Xu, W; Yang, J, 2018)	3.37
" The treatment outcomes of MAbs versus HDACi in combination with bortezomib or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone remain unknown."	( Monoclonal Antibodies versus Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Combination with Bortezomib or Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: An Indirect-Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Chen, X; Feng, J; Gao, G; Shen, H; Tang, H; Xu, L; Zhang, N; Zheng, Y, 2018)	0.48
"\ In practice, clinicians have attempted to use thalidomide(TLD) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization\ (TACE) for treating liver cancer."	( Thalidomide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and GRADE Approach Chen, Y; Hong, Q; Huang, L; Kang, D; Wang, D; Wen, S; Yang, W, 2018)	2.18
"Lenalidomide in combination with R-CHOP had an acceptable safety profile and showed anti-cancer activity in patients with previously untreated high burden follicular lymphoma."	( Lenalidomide in combination with R-CHOP (R2-CHOP) as first-line treatment of patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study. Becker, S; Bouabdallah, R; Cabeçadas, J; Casasnovas, O; Feugier, P; Gabarre, J; Gouill, SL; Haioun, C; Jardin, F; Lamy, T; Molina, TJ; Morschhauser, F; Mounier, N; Salles, G; Tilly, H; Tournilhac, O, 2018)	0.48
"Pomalidomide is a third generation immunomodulatory drug which in combination with dexamethasone, has been shown to be active in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( Pomalidomide and dexamethasone combination with additional cyclophosphamide in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (AMN001)-a trial by the Asian Myeloma Network. Asaoku, H; Chim, CS; Chng, WJ; Durie, B; Gopalakrishnan, SK; Huang, SY; Kim, JS; Kim, K; Kimura, H; Kosugi, H; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, SL; Min, CK; Moorakonda, R; Nagarajan, C; Sakamoto, J; Soekojo, CY; Takezako, N; Wei, Y; Yoon, SS, 2019)	0.51
" We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the prophylactic efficacy of these agents in combination with PALO-DEX."	( Efficacy of olanzapine, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, and thalidomide in combination with palonosetron plus dexamethasone in preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Aapro, M; Abraham, I; Alatawi, Y; Alharbi, AS; Alhifany, AA; Almutairi, AR; Babiker, H; Cheema, E; MacDonald, K; McBride, A; Shahbar, A, 2020)	0.8
" After 24 weeks, patients who responded (decreased Vitiligo Area Scoring Index >30%) were rerandomized to receive apremilast or placebo, combined with twice-weekly NB-UVB for 24 additional weeks."	( Apremilast in Combination with Narrowband UVB in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A 52-Week Monocentric Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Fontas, E; Khemis, A; Lacour, JP; Montaudié, H; Moulin, S; Passeron, T, 2020)	0.56
"CUR inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both KG-1 and U937 cells and this effect increased by combination with THAL."	( Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of Babakhani, D; Bahadoran, M; Chahardouli, B; Dashti, N; Haghi, A; Mohammadi Kian, M; Mohammadi, S; Nikbakht, M; Rostami, S; Salemi, M, 2020)	0.87
" Here we demonstrated that DC vaccination in combination with pomalidomide and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade inhibited tumor growth of a multiple myeloma (MM) mouse model."	( Potent anti-myeloma efficacy of dendritic cell therapy in combination with pomalidomide and programmed death-ligand 1 blockade in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma. Chu, TH; Jung, SH; Kim, HJ; Lakshmi, TJ; Lee, JJ; Park, HS; Vo, MC, 2021)	0.62
" The combination of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (CD) is a recognised treatment option for patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who have relapsed after treatment with bortezomib and lenalidomide, whilst also often being combined with newer proteasome inhibitors."	( The MUK eight protocol: a randomised phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in combination with ixazomib, in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients who have relapsed after treatment with thalidomide, lenalidomide and a prote Auner, HW; Bailey, L; Brown, S; Brudenell Straw, F; Cook, G; Cook, M; Dawkins, B; Flanagan, L; Hinsley, S; Kaiser, MF; McKee, S; Meads, D; Reed, S; Sherratt, D; Walker, K, 2020)	0.74
" The primary objective of the trial is to evaluate whether ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (ICD) has improved clinical activity compared to CD in terms of progression-free survival (PFS)."	( The MUK eight protocol: a randomised phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in combination with ixazomib, in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients who have relapsed after treatment with thalidomide, lenalidomide and a prote Auner, HW; Bailey, L; Brown, S; Brudenell Straw, F; Cook, G; Cook, M; Dawkins, B; Flanagan, L; Hinsley, S; Kaiser, MF; McKee, S; Meads, D; Reed, S; Sherratt, D; Walker, K, 2020)	0.74
" Previous studies investigating the safety and efficacy of ICD in patients with RRMM demonstrate a toxicity profile consistent with ixazomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, whilst the combination showed possible activity in RRMM patients."	( The MUK eight protocol: a randomised phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in combination with ixazomib, in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients who have relapsed after treatment with thalidomide, lenalidomide and a prote Auner, HW; Bailey, L; Brown, S; Brudenell Straw, F; Cook, G; Cook, M; Dawkins, B; Flanagan, L; Hinsley, S; Kaiser, MF; McKee, S; Meads, D; Reed, S; Sherratt, D; Walker, K, 2020)	0.74
"This phase 2 study evaluated isatuximab as monotherapy or combined with dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)."	( Isatuximab as monotherapy and combined with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Anttila, P; Bringhen, S; Capra, M; Cavo, M; Cole, C; Dimopoulos, M; Gasparetto, C; Hellet, M; Hungria, V; Jenner, M; Macé, S; Paiva, B; Ruiz, EY; Saleem, R; Vij, R; Vorobyev, V; Yin, JY, 2021)	0.62
"The aim was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of thalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, in combination with glucocorticoid, for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with life-threatening symptoms."	( Thalidomide combined with short-term low-dose glucocorticoid therapy for the treatment of severe COVID-19: A case-series study. Chen, C; Chen, Y; Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Pan, J; Qi, F; Shi, K; Wu, G; Xia, J; Yu, Z; Zhou, T, 2021)	2.31
"Purpose: To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of thalidomide combined with temozolomide (TMZ) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with high-grade gliomas after operation."	( Therapeutic effect of thalidomide combined with temozolomide and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with high-grade gliomas after operation. Li, Y; Shen, X; Sui, L; Xu, Z, )	0.68
"Methods: The clinical data of 108 patients with high-grade gliomas undergoing operation in our hospital from September 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, of which 54 received thalidomide combined with TMZ and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (thalidomide group) and 54 received TMZ combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (control group)."	( Therapeutic effect of thalidomide combined with temozolomide and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with high-grade gliomas after operation. Li, Y; Shen, X; Sui, L; Xu, Z, )	0.64
"Conclusions: The application of thalidomide combined with TMZ and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for high-grade glioma patients after operation can prominently enhance the clinical therapeutic effect, improve patient quality of life, prolong survival, and produce tolerable adverse reactions."	( Therapeutic effect of thalidomide combined with temozolomide and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with high-grade gliomas after operation. Li, Y; Shen, X; Sui, L; Xu, Z, )	0.73
"To explore the efficacy and safety of 125 I radioactive seed implantation combined with intermittent hormonal therapy (IHT) in the clinical treatment of moderate- and high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer."	( Therapeutic effect of thalidomide combined with temozolomide and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with high-grade gliomas after operation. Li, Y; Shen, X; Sui, L; Xu, Z, )	0.45
"125 I seed implantation combined with IHT is safe and effective in the clinical treatment of patients with moderate- and high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer."	( Therapeutic effect of thalidomide combined with temozolomide and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for patients with high-grade gliomas after operation. Li, Y; Shen, X; Sui, L; Xu, Z, )	0.45
" On May 30, 2020, a marketing authorization valid through the European Union (EU) was issued for isatuximab in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (IsaPd) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM)."	( EMA Review of Isatuximab in Combination with Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Delgado, J; Enzmann, H; Gisselbrecht, C; Moreau, A; Pignatti, F; van Hennik, PB; Zienowicz, M, 2021)	0.62
" This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib, and low-dose dexamethasone for patients with high-risk relapsed/refractory (RR)MM (NCT03104270)."	( A phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib and dexamethasone for high-risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Berenson, JR; Eades, B; Eshaghian, S; Ghermezi, M; Lim, S; Martinez, D; Schwartz, G; Spektor, TM; Swift, RA; Vescio, R; Yashar, D, 2022)	0.72
" An exposure-response (E-R) analysis using data from patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) enrolled in a phase Ib clinical study who received isatuximab at doses from 5 to 20 mg/kg weekly for 1 cycle (4 weeks) followed by every 2 weeks thereafter (qw/q2w) in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone (n = 44) was first used to determine the optimal dose/schedule for the phase III ICARIA-MM study."	( Exposure-response analyses for selection/confirmation of optimal isatuximab dosing regimen in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. Brillac, C; Fau, JB; Gaudel-Dedieu, N; Koiwai, K; Nguyen, L; Rachedi, F; Sebastien, B; Semiond, D; Thai, HT; van de Velde, H; Veyrat-Follet, C, 2022)	0.72
" This pilot study assesses the effect of twice-weekly maintenance doses of Cal/BD foam after 4 weeks of standard once-daily treatment in combination with apremilast."	( The Maintenance Effect of Calcipotriene 0.05% and Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.064% (Cal/BD) Aerosol Foam in Combination With Apremilast. Kircik, L; Ozyurekoglu, E, 2022)	0.72

Bioavailability

The aim of the present study has been to develop aqueous Thalidomide (THA) eye drops in order to minimize systemic side effects and to improve bioavailability following topical application. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a formulation of thalidomides with improved bioavailability in HIV-infected persons was examined in a placebo-controlled phase 1 study.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Due to the variable absorption rate there is a need for an intravenous formulation of thalidomide, and in addition the search for more active and possibly less teratogenic derivatives must be intensified."	( Thalidomide--the need for a new clinical evaluation of an old drug. Eger, K; Ehninger, G; Schuler, U; Stuhler, A, 1993)	1.95
"The aim of the present study has been to develop aqueous Thalidomide (THA) eye drops in order to minimize systemic side effects and to improve bioavailability following topical application."	( Influence of cyclodextrins on the in vitro corneal permeability and in vivo ocular distribution of thalidomide. Hartmann, C; Keipert, S; Müller, M; Pleyer, U; Siefert, B, 1999)	0.77
" Terminal half-life for Tortuga was two to three times longer compared to the Celgene formulations and is clear evidence for absorption rate limitations."	( Single-dose oral pharmacokinetics of three formulations of thalidomide in healthy male volunteers. Colburn, WA; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD, 1999)	0.55
" However, its use is limited by its poor bioavailability due to low solubility and short half life in solution, and teratogenic and neurotoxic side-effects."	( Thalidomide analogue CC-3052 reduces HIV+ neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. Dalgleish, AG; Dransfield, I; Guckian, M; Hay, P, 2000)	1.75
"The effect of food on the oral pharmacokinetics of thalidomide and the relative bioavailability of two oral thalidomide formulations were determined in an open label, single dose, randomized, three-way crossover study."	( Effect of a high-fat meal on thalidomide pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of oral formulations in healthy men and women. Colburn, WA; Kook, KA; Scheffler, MR; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD; Tracewell, WG, 2000)	0.85
" It is orally bioavailable and can be administered in once daily dosing."	( Thalidomide: a remarkable comeback. Jacobson, JM, 2000)	1.75
" The oral bioavailability of thalidomide has not been unequivocally determined, but available data suggest that it is high."	( Clinical pharmacology of thalidomide. Björkman, S; Eriksson, T; Höglund, P, 2001)	0.91
" The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a formulation of thalidomide with improved bioavailability in HIV-infected persons was examined in a placebo-controlled, dose-escalating phase 1 study."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic effects of thalidomide in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: AIDS Clinical Trials Group 267. Aweeka, FT; Bell, D; Cherng, DW; Fox, L; Holohan, MK; Kaplan, G; Pomerantz, R; Robinson, W; Schmitz, J; Simpson, D; Spritzler, J; Teppler, H; Thomas, S; Wohl, DA, 2002)	0.8
" Lenalidomide is an orally bioavailable analogue of thalidomide with more potent immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antitumor activities than the parent compound and with a better safety profile."	( Emerging data on IMiDs in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). List, AF, 2005)	0.58
" Most of the new compounds demonstrate medium to high predicted biological activity and good bioavailability as estimated by the octanol-water partition coefficient ClogP."	( A preliminary in silico lead series of 2-phthalimidinoglutaric acid analogues designed as MMP-3 inhibitors. Amin, EA; Welsh, WJ, )	0.13
" Since thalidomide exhibits low oral bioavailability due to limitations in solubility, inclusion complexation using sulfobutyl ether-7 beta-cyclodextrin was used to improve the delivery of thalidomide."	( Molecular encapsulation of thalidomide with sulfobutyl ether-7 beta-cyclodextrin for immediate release property: enhanced in vivo antitumor and antiangiogenesis efficacy in mice. Juvekar, A; Kale, R; Saraf, M; Tayade, P, 2008)	1.1
"Defibrotide is a novel orally bioavailable polydisperse oligonucleotide with anti-thrombotic and anti-adhesive effects."	( Melphalan, prednisone, thalidomide and defibrotide in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase I/II trial. Anderson, K; Benevolo, G; Boccadoro, M; Bringhen, S; Cavallo, F; Gaidano, G; Gay, F; Genuardi, M; Iacobelli, M; Kotwica, K; Larocca, A; Magarotto, V; Masini, L; Mitsiades, C; Palumbo, A; Richardson, P; Rossi, D; Rus, C, 2010)	0.67
" Studies herein define mouse plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous (IV) bolus administration and bioavailability after oral and intraperitoneal delivery."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of lenalidomide in mice. Byrd, JC; Gao, Y; Herman, SE; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Li, X; Mahoney, E; Phelps, MA; Rozewski, DM; Shin, JD; Stefanovski, MR; Towns, WH; Yang, X, 2012)	0.38
" Both of these analogs displayed oral bioavailability in rat."	( Isosteric analogs of lenalidomide and pomalidomide: synthesis and biological activity. Babusis, D; Capone, L; Chen, R; Corral, L; Kang, J; Man, HW; Moghaddam, MF; Muller, GW; Parton, A; Ruchelman, AL; Schafer, PH; Shirley, MA; Tang, Y; Zhang, W, 2013)	0.39
" Neither the rate nor the capacity of lenalidomide renal excretion was affected by quinidine or temsirolimus, in addition lenalidomide absorption rate and bioavailability remained unchanged."	( No clinically significant drug interactions between lenalidomide and P‑glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors: results from controlled phase I studies in healthy volunteers. Chen, N; Kasserra, C; Kumar, G; Liu, L; Palmisano, M; Reyes, J; Wang, X; Weiss, D; Weiss, L; Zhou, S, 2014)	0.4
"Nonobvious controlled polymeric pharmaceutical excipient, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) for lenalidomide encapsulation were geared up by the simple ionic cross linking method to get better bioavailability and to reduce under as well as overloading of hydrophobic and sparingly soluble drug lenalidomide towards cancer cells."	( Studies on drug-polymer interaction, in vitro release and cytotoxicity from chitosan particles excipient. Gomathi, T; Govindarajan, C; Imran, PK; Kim, SK; Rose H R, MH; Sudha, PN; Venkatesan, J, 2014)	0.4
" As an orally bioavailable immunomodulator with antineoplastic, immunologic, and antiproliferative activity in B-cell lymphoma, lenalidomide has emerged as one such option."	( The evolving role of lenalidomide in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Galanina, N; Nabhan, C; Petrich, A, 2016)	0.43
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"Many lead compounds fail to reach clinical trials despite being potent because of low bioavailability attributed to their insufficient solubility making solubility a primary and crucial factor in early phase drug discovery."	( Structural modification aimed for improving solubility of lead compounds in early phase drug discovery. Baidya, ATK; Das, B; Kumar, R; Mathew, AT; Yadav, AK, 2022)	0.72
" This new development may allow for once-daily drug administration and improve both bioavailability and patient compliance."	( Development of an amorphous based sustained release system for apremilast a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Blass, B; Durig, T; Fassihi, R; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72

Dosage Studied

Thirty male patients with treatment-refractory ankylosing spondylitis were recruited into a 12-month open study. The dosage of thalidomide ranged from 33 to 200 mg/d. A dosage of 400 mg/kg per day was efficient in reducing inflammation whether given in three doses (at -24 h, -4 h and +4 h)

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The minimum dosage used by the authors seems to be adequate on the basis of the results obtained."	( [Fixed lupus erythematosus (its treatment with thalidomide)]. Barba Rubio, J; Franco González, F, 1977)	0.51
" The initial dosage of either of the drugs was 300 mg daily administered in divided doses of 100 mg three times a day."	( Treatment of steroid dependant cases of recurrent lepra reaction with a combination of thalidomide and clofazimine. Girdhar, A; Ramu, G, 1979)	0.48
" Within 1 h 82% of the dose given were absorbed, and 12 h after the dosing 88% had been excreted again."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of taglutimide (K-2004) in the rat. Fiebrich, F; Koch, H; Pischek, G, 1979)	0.26
" We concluded that thalidomide in a dosage of 100 mg/d is an effective treatment of severe aphthous stomatitis but is not without some risk."	( Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Bonnetblanc, JM; Claudy, A; Dallac, S; Guillaume, JC; Hans, P; Janier, M; Klene, C; Marchand, C; Revuz, J; Souteyrand, P, 1990)	0.94
" Stereoselective differences between the enantiomers of 2a and 2b were observed only when a dose of 200 mg/kg was applied, whereas the higher activity of the (S)-enantiomers of 2c, 1b + c was obtained already with a lower dosage range."	( [Stereoselective differences of central nervous system-depressive action of a homologous series of 3-alkyl-thalidomide analysis]. Büch, HP; Knabe, J; Omlor, G, 1990)	0.49
" At the most, there is only a marginal loss of sensitivity in respect of detecting the lowest dosage at which effects may occur."	( An indirect assessment of the Chernoff/Kavlock assay. Palmer, AK, 1987)	0.27
" after dosing and the radioactivity persists for more than 58hr."	( The fate of[14C]thalidomide in the pregnant rabbit. Fabro, S; Smith, RL; Williams, RT, 1967)	0.59
" A correlation between total dosage and severeness of polyneuropathy could not be found."	( [Electrophysiologic changes in thalidomide neuropathy in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus]. Ludolph, A; Matz, DR, 1982)	0.55
" Only after subchronic treatment with an elevated dosage of supidimide (greater than or equal to 150 mg/kg) is a reversible induction of cytochrome P-450 observed."	( The metabolic fate of supidimide in the rat. Becker, R; Flohé, L; Frankus, E; Graudums, I; Günzler, WA; Helm, FC, 1982)	0.26
" Ten of the studies are dose-response evaluations."	( Sleep spindles: pharmacological effects in humans. Hirshkowitz, M; Karacan, I; Thornby, JI, 1982)	0.26
" Whereas a pronounced loss of the receptor density of CD49d was observed and only few cells with high epitope density were left in the blood at the end of the complete dosing schedule, no such effect was observable on cells bearing the CD49b epitope."	( Thalidomide and the immune system. 3. Simultaneous up- and down-regulation of different integrin receptors on human white blood cells. Helge, H; Neubert, D; Neubert, R; Nogueira, AC, 1994)	1.73
"A therapeutic regimen of thalidomide administered at a dosage of 100 mg/d for 2 months is able to suppress the clinical symptoms of Jessner-Kanof lymphocytic infiltration of the skin."	( Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. Bonnetblanc, JM; Claudy, A; Daniel, F; Dieng, MT; Guillaume, JC; Morel, P; Moulin, G; Poli, F; Souteyrand, P; Vaillant, L, 1995)	0.92
"The dose-response of the teratogenic potency of the thalidomide (Thd) derivative EM12 was evaluated in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)."	( Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate callithrix jacchus. IV. Teratogenicity of micrograms/kg doses of the EM12 enantiomers. Felies, A; Heger, W; Klug, S; Merker, HJ; Nau, H; Neubert, D; Schmahl, HJ, 1994)	0.85
" Thalidomide, at the dosage used in this study, had no effect on peripheral CD4+ T cells nor on HIV viral burden in PBMC."	( Effects of thalidomide on HIV-associated wasting syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arroyo-Figueroa, H; Calva, JJ; Martínez del Cerro, V; Pasquetti, A; Reyes-Terán, G; Ruiz-Palacios, GM; Sierra-Madero, JG, 1996)	1.59
" A dosage of 100 mg/d is as effective as a dosage of 300 mg/day."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of the mucocutaneous lesions of the Behçet syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hamuryudan, V; Mat, C; Ozyazgan, Y; Saip, S; Siva, A; Yazici, H; Yurdakul, S; Zwingenberger, K, 1998)	1.74
"Important determinants or principles in developmental toxicology are: (1) genotype; (2) developmental stage when an insult is hitting; (3) mechanisms of action; (4) pharmacokinetics of the drug in the mother, conceptus and the neonate; (5) the manifestations of embryo/foeto- and neonatal toxicity such as death, malformations, growth inhibition and functional disturbances; and (6) dose-effect and dose-response relationships."	( Susceptibility in utero and upon neonatal exposure. Dencker, L; Eriksson, P, 1998)	0.3
" The initial dosage was 200 mg a day, which was increased to 400 mg a day after 4 months."	( Disfiguring cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis treated with thalidomide: a case report. Koblenzer, PS; Lee, JB, 1998)	0.54
" Serial serum or blood samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic assessment after administration of a single oral dose or multiple daily dosing of thalidomide and were assayed by reversed-phase HPLC."	( Pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in an elderly prostate cancer population. Bauer, KS; Bergan, R; Chen, A; Figg, WD; Hamilton, M; Pluda, J; Raje, S; Reed, E; Tompkins, A; Venzon, D, 1999)	0.83
"Though thalidomide in a dosage of 100 mg/day is the standard treatment for recurrent oral and genital ulcers (OGU), its toxicity would be less important with lower dosage, while its efficacy would be identical."	( [Treatment of recurrent ulceration with low doses of thalidomide. Pilot study in 17 patients]. Berthier, S; de Wazières, B; Dupond, JL; Gil, H; Magy, N; Vuitton, DA, 1999)	1.01
" The initial dosage of thalidomide was 50 mg/day (1 tablet) for 1 month."	( [Treatment of recurrent ulceration with low doses of thalidomide. Pilot study in 17 patients]. Berthier, S; de Wazières, B; Dupond, JL; Gil, H; Magy, N; Vuitton, DA, 1999)	0.86
" A 200-mg/8 days dosage induced prolonged remission in 12 patients."	( [Treatment of recurrent ulceration with low doses of thalidomide. Pilot study in 17 patients]. Berthier, S; de Wazières, B; Dupond, JL; Gil, H; Magy, N; Vuitton, DA, 1999)	0.55
"A dosage of 50 mg/day is initially efficacious in most cases, provided that the patient is carefully followed up to allow early detection of potential peripheral neuropathy."	( [Treatment of recurrent ulceration with low doses of thalidomide. Pilot study in 17 patients]. Berthier, S; de Wazières, B; Dupond, JL; Gil, H; Magy, N; Vuitton, DA, 1999)	0.55
" TNFalpha was the most sensitive to thalidomide, showing dose-response inhibition at concentrations of 20 microg/ml, 50 microg/ml and 250 microg/ml."	( Mycoplasma fermentans-induced inflammatory response of astrocytes: selective modulation by aminoguanidine, thalidomide, pentoxifylline and IL-10. Brenner, T; Gallily, R; Kipper-Galperin, M, 1999)	0.79
" An equal dosage of EM12, however, resulted in significant weight loss of the animals, but did not increase angiogenic activity compared with lower doses."	( Effect of thalidomide and structurally related compounds on corneal angiogenesis is comparable to their teratological potency. Germann, T; Joussen, AM; Kirchhof, B, 1999)	0.71
" Sixteen HIV-infected patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of oral recurrent aphthous ulcerations received randomly an 8-week course of either thalidomide or placebo, with an initial oral dosage of 400 mg/d for 1 week, followed by 200 mg/d for 7 weeks."	( Thalidomide as therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-related oral ulcers: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Esquivel-Pedraza, L; Gonzalez-Guevara, M; Ponce-de-Leon, S; Ramirez-Amador, VA; Reyes-Teran, G; Sierra-Madero, JG, 1999)	1.94
" Thalidomide was administered via nasogastric tube in a dosage of 6 mg/kg/day, 12 mg/kg/day, or 24 mg/kg/day."	( Adjunctive thalidomide therapy of childhood tuberculous meningitis: possible anti-inflammatory role. Bekker, LG; Donald, PR; Hanekom, WA; Haslett, PA; Kaplan, G; Ravenscroft, A; Schoeman, JF; Springer, P; van Rensburg, AJ, 2000)	1.61
" The remaining 8 animals (2/sex/group; high-dose and control groups) were dosed for 53 weeks, euthanized, and necropsied at 58 weeks after a 5-week recovery period."	( Safety profile of thalidomide after 53 weeks of oral administration in beagle dogs. Brockman, MJ; Ehrhart, J; Evans, MG; Morgan, JM; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD, 2001)	0.64
" They were dosed at 43, 200 or 1000 mg/kg for 53 weeks followed by a 4-week treatment-free recovery period."	( Lack of peripheral neuropathy in Beagle dogs after 53 weeks oral administration of thalidomide capsules. Allen, D; Brockman, M; Ehrhart, J; Evans, M; Morgan, M; Stirling, D; Teo, S; Thomas, S, 2000)	0.53
" The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Celgene, and AIDS activists eliminated the randomized dose portion of the program to allow physicians to determine the dosage to use."	( Thalidomide's elusive access. Gilden, D, 1995)	1.73
" Response rates were higher and survival was longer especially in high-risk patients given more than 42 g THAL in 3 months (median cumulative dose) (landmark analysis); this supports a THAL dose-response effect in advanced MM."	( Extended survival in advanced and refractory multiple myeloma after single-agent thalidomide: identification of prognostic factors in a phase 2 study of 169 patients. Anaissie, E; Ayers, D; Badros, A; Barlogie, B; Desikan, R; Eddlemon, P; Epstein, J; Munshi, N; Shaughnessy, J; Spencer, T; Spoon, D; Tricot, G; Zangari, M; Zeldis, J, 2001)	0.54
" In the present study, we investigated the oedematogenic activity of both toxins, characterizing the time-course and dose-response of this pro-inflammatory event."	( The effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced paw oedema and neutrophil migration. Carneiro-Filho, BA; Lima, AA; Ribeiro, RA; Souza, ML, 2001)	0.31
" Patients were orally dosed with 100 mg of thalidomide/day for 8 weeks."	( Thalidomide is distributed into human semen after oral dosing. Burke, AB; Harden, JL; Johnson, MA; Noormohamed, FH; Peters, BS; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD; Youle, M, 2001)	2.02
" Comparing response and survival by thalidomide dose for low- and high-risk groups revealed a thalidomide dose-response effect in the high-risk group of patients."	( Thalidomide in the management of multiple myeloma. Anaissie, E; Barlogie, B; Tricot, G, 2001)	2.03
" Thalidomide was administered in an initial dosage of 200 mg/d for 2 weeks and then increased as tolerated (in 200-mg increments at 2-week intervals) to a maximum daily dose of 800 mg."	( Therapeutic application of thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Kyle, RA; Rajkumar, SV, 2001)	1.52
" Optimum dosing with antiangiogenic agents is currently under investigation."	( Phase II study of thalidomide in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Bell, DR; Biggs, M; Boyle, FM; Cook, R; Levi, JA; Little, N; Marx, GM; McCowatt, S; Pavlakis, N; Wheeler, HR, 2001)	0.64
" Moreover, the dose-response relationship has not been defined."	( Thalidomide in low doses is effective for the treatment of resistant or relapsed multiple myeloma and for plasma cell leukaemia. Abdalla, SH; Johnston, RE, 2002)	1.76
"Thirty male patients with treatment-refractory ankylosing spondylitis were recruited into a 12-month open study using thalidomide at a dosage of 200 mg/day."	( One-year open-label trial of thalidomide in ankylosing spondylitis. Gu, J; Huang, F; Yu, DT; Zhang, J; Zhao, W; Zhu, J, 2002)	0.81
"Although thalidomide (Thal) was introduced successfully in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the optimal Thal dosage and schedule are still controversial."	( Dose-dependent effect of thalidomide on overall survival in relapsed multiple myeloma. Benner, A; Egerer, G; Goldschmidt, H; Ho, AD; Kraemer, A; Moehler, T; Neben, K, 2002)	1.04
"From December 1998 to March 2001, 83 patients with relapsed MM were enrolled in a clinical Phase II trial and treated with a maximum Thal dosage of 400 mg daily."	( Dose-dependent effect of thalidomide on overall survival in relapsed multiple myeloma. Benner, A; Egerer, G; Goldschmidt, H; Ho, AD; Kraemer, A; Moehler, T; Neben, K, 2002)	0.62
"Our retrospective analysis demonstrates that the cumulative 3-month Thal dosage is one of the major prognostic factors for OS, supporting the hypothesis of a dose-dependent effect of Thal in relapsed MM."	( Dose-dependent effect of thalidomide on overall survival in relapsed multiple myeloma. Benner, A; Egerer, G; Goldschmidt, H; Ho, AD; Kraemer, A; Moehler, T; Neben, K, 2002)	0.62
" The dose-response relationship, if any, of thalidomide for renal cell carcinoma is unclear."	( A phase II study of thalidomide in advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Damico, LA; Elias, L; Meng, G; Minor, DR; Monroe, D; Suryadevara, U, 2002)	0.9
" The initial dosage of thalidomide was 100 approximately 200 mg/d with a weekly escalation of 50 mg/d to 450 approximately 650 mg/d."	( [Therapeutic effectiveness of thalidomide to multiple myeloma and its mechanism]. Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, M; Wu, H, 2002)	0.91
" The dosage of 450 approximately 650 mg/d might be effective in refractory or initial MM."	( [Therapeutic effectiveness of thalidomide to multiple myeloma and its mechanism]. Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, M; Wu, H, 2002)	0.6
" They were given oral thalidomide at a dosage of 200 mg/d for 2 weeks, which was then increased as tolerated to a maximum of 800 mg/d."	( Response rate, durability of response, and survival after thalidomide therapy for relapsed multiple myeloma. Dispenzieri, A; Fonseca, R; Gertz, MA; Geyer, SM; Greipp, PR; Hayman, SR; Iturria, NL; Kumar, S; Kyle, RA; Lacy, MQ; Lust, JA; Rajkumar, SV; Witzig, TE, 2003)	0.88
"To evaluate the literature regarding the dosing of thalidomide in multiple myeloma."	( Thalidomide dosing in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Hansen, LA; Thompson, JL, 2003)	2.01
"The antiangiogenic effect of interferon (IFN) may improve with frequent dosing and by combination with other agents with antiangiogenic activity."	( Interferon alfa-2b three times daily and thalidomide in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ahtinen, H; Bono, P; Hernberg, M; joensuu, H; Mäenpää, H; Virkkunen, P, 2003)	0.58
"The combination of frequently dosed IFN-alpha-2b and low-dose thalidomide is feasible and active in advanced RCC, but the clinical benefit may remain small compared with that of IFN alone."	( Interferon alfa-2b three times daily and thalidomide in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ahtinen, H; Bono, P; Hernberg, M; joensuu, H; Mäenpää, H; Virkkunen, P, 2003)	0.83
" Since a significant gain of therapeutic effects could not be observed as thalidomide dosage was escalated, the optimal dose of thalidomide remains to be determined."	( Low dose thalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Ackermann, J; Dimou, G; Drach, J; Gisslinger, H; Kees, M; Lechner, K; Sillaber, C, 2003)	0.97
"Thalidomide had no adverse effects on mating and fertility in male and female rabbits dosed up to 500 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 14 days prior to mating."	( Effects of thalidomide on reproductive function and early embryonic development in male and female New Zealand white rabbits. Denny, KH; Hoberman, AM; Morseth, SL; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD, 2004)	2.16
" Data collection included viral hepatitis, grade of cirrhosis, total dosage of thalidomide, side effect, stage of hepatoma by Okuda and CLIP classification, and prognosis."	( Salvage therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomide. Chang, WH; Chu, CH; Hsieh, RK; Kao, CR; Lin, J; Lin, SC; Wang, TE, 2004)	0.8
" These trials also indicated a possible dose-response relationship of thalidomide and identified several poor prognostic factors, including advanced age, high lactose dehydrogenase level, low platelet count, and low hemoglobin level."	( Thalidomide in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: pivotal trials conducted outside the United States. Anagnostopoulos, A; Dimopoulos, MA, 2003)	2
" The patients received PTX at the initiating dosage until complete clinical cure."	( [Pentoxifylline in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum: results of an open study]. Achirafi, A; de Carsalade, GY; Flageul, B, 2003)	0.32
" Median thalidomide dosage was 200 mg/day."	( Combined thalidomide and temozolomide treatment in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Baumann, F; Baumert, BG; Bernays, RL; Bjeljac, M; Brandner, S; Kollias, SS; Rousson, V; Yonekawa, Y, )	0.98
"The present study determined effects of thalidomide on three successive generations of New Zealand White rabbits after oral dosing to F0 maternal rabbits during the later third of gestation (post major organogenesis) and lactation."	( Effects of thalidomide on developmental, peri- and postnatal function in female New Zealand white rabbits and offspring. Denny, KH; Hoberman, AM; Morseth, S; Stirling, DI; Teo, SK; Thomas, SD, 2004)	0.98
" Depending on dosage and agent used symptoms resolve completely or not."	( [Neurotoxic effects of medications: an update]. Arné-Bès, MC, 2004)	0.32
"The dosage of thalidomide ranged from 33 to 200 mg/d."	( Thalidomide treatment for prurigo nodularis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects: efficacy and risk of neuropathy. Berger, T; Maurer, T; Poncelet, A, 2004)	2.13
" Only the 200 mg of thalidomide arm of this trial met our definition of a tolerable maintenance therapy, defined as no dose reductions or discontinuation due to toxicity in at least 65% of patients for a minimum of 6 months, thus establishing a dosing schedule for phase III trials."	( Results of a multicenter randomized phase II trial of thalidomide and prednisone maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplant. Belch, AR; Chen, CI; Ding, K; Howson-Jan, K; Kovacs, MJ; Meyer, RM; Roy, J; Sadura, A; Shepherd, L; Shustik, C; Stewart, AK; White, D, 2004)	0.9
" The usual dosage has recently been investigated in a dose-escalation trial, with the majority of patients responding to 100 mg/day."	( Newer therapies for cutaneous sarcoidosis: the role of thalidomide and other agents. Baughman, RP; Lower, EE, 2004)	0.57
" The dosage of thalidomide was 400 mg/day and the dosage of dexamethasone 20 mg/m2 daily for 4 consecutive days every 3 weeks."	( Thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for pretreated patients with multiple myeloma: serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a predictive factor for response rate and for survival. Brandhorst, D; Buttkereit, U; Ebeling, P; Flasshove, M; Moritz, T; Müller, S; Nowrousian, MR; Opalka, B; Poser, M; Schütt, P; Seeber, S, 2005)	2.12
" Further studies will be necessary to determine the dosage of thalidomide that does not elicit side effects, but thalidomide seems to be effective in patients with refractory CD."	( [Thalidomide therapy for infantile-onset Crohn's disease]. Ikematsu, K; Joh, K; Kabuki, T; Kagimoto, S; Ogimi, C; Oh-Ishi, T; Tanaka, R, 2005)	1.48
" Prednisolone in standard dosage schedule as recommended by WHO is now being widely used in control programmes."	( Reactions and their management. Ganapati, R; Pai, VV, 2004)	0.32
" The total dosage of medication given to each patient ranged from 3200 mg to 40,500 mg."	( Phase II trial of thalidomide for advanced and recurrent gynecologic sarcoma: a brief communication from the New York Phase II consortium. Blank, SV; Christos, P; Fields, AL; Goldberg, GL; Murgo, A; Runowicz, CD; Timmins, P; Wadler, S; Yi-Shin Kuo, D, 2006)	0.67
" The initial thalidomide dosage was 200 mg daily and was adjusted for toxicity."	( Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with optional low-dose interferon-alpha2a upon progression. Goldenberg, A; Lehrer, D; Liebes, L; Mandeli, J; Schwartz, JD; Schwartz, M; Sung, M; Volm, M, 2005)	2.14
" The favorable effects of CR and rapidly sequenced second transplantation attest to the validity of a melphalan dose-response effect in myeloma."	( Total therapy 2 without thalidomide in comparison with total therapy 1: role of intensified induction and posttransplantation consolidation therapies. Anaissie, E; Barlogie, B; Crowley, J; Epstein, J; Fassas, A; Hollmig, K; Pineda-Roman, M; Rasmussen, E; Shaughnessy, J; Tricot, G; van Rhee, F; Zangari, M, 2006)	0.64
" Thirty-two trials used an escalating dosing regimen and four a fixed dose regimen (one dose with 50 mg/d, three doses with 200 mg/d)."	( A systematic review of phase-II trials of thalidomide monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Glasmacher, A; Goldschmidt, H; Gorschlüter, M; Hahn, C; Hoffmann, F; Naumann, R; Orlopp, K; Schmidt-Wolf, I; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M, 2006)	0.6
" We investigated the efficacy and safety of a 24-wk course of thalidomide at a dosage of 200 mg/day in eight patients with HCV chronic hepatitis nonresponders to interferon alpha plus ribavirin."	( Thalidomide in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C unresponsive to alfa-interferon and ribavirin. Biasin, M; Clerici, M; Galli, M; Gatti, N; Milazzo, L; Moroni, M; Niero, F; Piacentini, L; Riva, A; Zanone Poma, B, 2006)	2.02
"The combined dosing of paclitaxel (100 mg/m(2) weekly), doxorubicin (20 mg/m(2) weekly), and thalidomide (300 mg daily) is tolerated by men with AIPC and merits continued phase II study."	( A phase I study of paclitaxel/doxorubicin/ thalidomide in patients with androgen- independent prostate cancer. Amato, RJ; Sarao, H, 2006)	0.82
" Two patients had early death (one from massive cerebral ischemic stroke, the other from dementia and progressive renal failure), one patient progressed during Thali-Dexa (thalidomide 200mg) and was rescued with chemotherapy, two patients required increasing thalidomide dosage (to 200 and 400mg, respectively) because of progressive disease, three patients had stable disease remission lasting from 4m+ to 16m+."	( Low-dose thalidomide plus monthly high-dose oral dexamethasone (Thali-Dexa): results, prognostic factors and side effects in eight patients previously treated with multiple myeloma. Bemardeschi, P; Dentico, P; Fiorentini, G; Giustarini, G; Rossi, S; Turano, E, 2003)	0.93
" Data about BNP dosage for cardiovascular monitoring of patients with ALA on renal replacement therapy are lacking."	( Role of B-type natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular state monitoring in a hemodialysis patient with primary amyloidosis. Cantelli, S; Catizone, L; Fabbian, F; Molino, C; Russo, G; Russo, M; Sartori, S; Stabellini, N, 2006)	0.33
" However, a high incidence of side effects at the dosage initially recommended (400 mg/day) justified further studies with lower doses of thalidomide given alone or in combination with dexamethasone or chemotherapy."	( Thalidomide in multiple myeloma: past, present and future. Harousseau, JL, 2006)	1.98
"Thalidomide has been used for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma, the dosage in Japan is lower than in other countries; however, there is little information on the pharmacokinetics and their relationship with the drug response."	( The pharmacokinetics of low-dose thalidomide in Japanese patients with refractory multiple myeloma. Asaoku, H; Ikawa, K; Iwato, K; Kamikawa, R; Morikawa, N; Sasaki, A, 2006)	2.06
" The initial dose of thalidomide was 100 mg once a day, and it was increased to 100 mg twice a day after a period of 10 days, if the prior dosage was well-tolerated."	( Effects of thalidomide treatment in heart failure patients. Arrieta-Rodríguez, O; Asensio-Lafuente, E; Castillo-Martínez, L; Dorantes-García, J; Granados-Arriola, J; Orea-Tejeda, A; Rodríguez-Reyna, T, 2007)	1.05
" According to our data, increasing thalidomide dosage and/or adding further drugs does not generally produce significant improvement."	( Thalidomide plus monthly high-dose dexamethasone in chemorefractory myeloma. Results of a phase II clinical study. Bernardeschi, P; Dentico, P; Fiorentini, G; Giustarini, G; Montenora, I; Rossi, S; Turano, E; Turrisi, G, )	1.85
" However, the best dosing scheme has not yet been discovered and is the subject of research in a number of clinical studies today."	( [Low-dose thalidomide in refractory and relapsing multiple myeloma]. Maisnar, V; Radocha, J, 2007)	0.74
" Caution should be exercised when lenalidomide therapy is commenced and CrCl should be incorporated as a determinant of the initial dosing of lenalidomide in MM patients."	( Lenalidomide-induced myelosuppression is associated with renal dysfunction: adverse events evaluation of treatment-naïve patients undergoing front-line lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy. Chen-Kiang, S; Christos, PJ; Coleman, M; Ely, S; Furst, JR; Jalbrzikowski, J; Jayabalan, D; Lent, R; Leonard, JP; Mark, T; Mazumdar, M; Naib, T; Niesvizky, R; Pearse, RN; Zafar, F, 2007)	0.34
" Clinical trials of relapsed and refractory MM have shown that lenalidomide is clinically efficacious at a dosage of 25 mg/day when administered in combination with dexamethasone."	( Lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. Shah, SR; Tran, TM, 2007)	0.34
"The pharmacology, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and cost of lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) are reviewed."	( Lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Rao, KV, 2007)	0.34
" The optimal dosing regimen of thalidomide is not known."	( Monotherapy with low-dose thalidomide for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: better response rate with earlier treatment. Bláha, V; Büchler, T; Hájek, R; Maisnar, V; Malý, J; Radocha, J, 2007)	0.93
" The median daily thalidomide dosage was 100 mg and the median duration of drug treatment was 16 weeks."	( A retrospective analysis of thalidomide therapy in non-HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Ben M'barek, L; Biet, I; Fardet, L; Kérob, D; Lebbe, C; Mebazaa, A; Morel, P; Thervet, E, 2007)	0.97
"Thalidomide maintenance has unresolved issues regarding dosage and toxicity."	( Thalidomide maintenance following high-dose therapy in multiple myeloma: a UK myeloma forum phase 2 study. Cocks, K; Feyler, S; Jackson, G; Johnson, RJ; Rawstron, A; Snowden, JA, 2007)	3.23
" In our experience a cumulative dosage at >20 gm and long-term administration for >10 months seem to increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy."	( Childhood thalidomide neuropathy: a clinical and neurophysiologic study. Alpigiani, MG; Buoncompagni, A; Calevo, MG; De Grandis, E; De Negri, E; Gandullia, P; Giribaldi, G; Grosso, P; Lamba, LD; Priolo, T; Veneselli, E; Viola, S, 2008)	0.75
"HNPC patients (n = 21) with evidence of progression demonstrated by 3 consecutive rises in PSA and no evidence of radiographic involvement were treated on a chronic dosing schedule with GM-CSF."	( Phase 2 study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus thalidomide in patients with hormone-naïve adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Amato, RJ; Henary, H; Hernandez-McClain, J, )	0.36
" Most patients suffered toxicities at a dose of 400 mg per day, but there was no clear dose-response relationship."	( Single-institute phase 2 study of thalidomide treatment for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma: prognostic factors and unique toxicity profile. Hattori, Y; Ikeda, Y; Kakimoto, T; Morita, K; Okamoto, S; Shimada, N; Tanigawara, Y, 2008)	0.63
" Future studies with lenalidomide in CLL should focus on understanding this toxicity, investigating patients at risk, and investigating alternative safer dosing schedules."	( Higher doses of lenalidomide are associated with unacceptable toxicity including life-threatening tumor flare in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Andritsos, LA; Awan, F; Blum, W; Byrd, JC; Chen, CS; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Kefauver, C; Knight, RD; Lapalombella, R; Lehman, A; Lozanski, G; May, SE; Raymond, CA; Ruppert, AS; Smith, LL; Wang, DS, 2008)	0.35
" The threshold neurotoxic dosage is lower than previously reported."	( Thalidomide and sensory neurotoxicity: a neurophysiological study. Arienti, S; Doria, A; Ermani, M; Rondinone, R; Zara, G, 2008)	1.79
" The recommended phase II dosing schedule is thalidomide 100 mg twice daily with docetaxel 25 mg/m(2)/week."	( Phase I trial of docetaxel and thalidomide: a regimen based on metronomic therapeutic principles. Bokar, JA; Brell, JM; Cooney, MM; Dowlati, A; Gibbons, J; Krishnamurthi, S; Ness, A; Nock, C; Remick, SC; Sanborn, SL, 2008)	0.89
" The goal of dosing 200 mg per day was achieved in just 17 of 31 patients, and the median tolerated thalidomide dose was 100 mg per day."	( Thalidomide maintenance following high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell support in myeloma. Callander, NS; Chang, JE; Gangnon, RE; Juckett, MB; Kahl, BS; Longo, WL; Mitchell, TL, 2008)	2
" The 45 patients received a total number of 192 cycles, respectively a median of three cycles; the median dosage of dexamethasone was 240 mg per cycle."	( Effective prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications with low molecular weight heparin in relapsed multiple myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Goldschmidt, H; Hegenbart, U; Hillengass, J; Ho, AD; Hundemer, M; Klein, U; Kosely, F; Moehler, T; Neben, K; Schmitt, S, 2009)	0.35
"To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of bortezomib based combination therapy for Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM), and to determine the combination regimen, dosage and cycles in application of bortezomib for MM therapy."	( [Bortezomib-based combination therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma]. Chen, YB; Fu, WJ; Hou, J; Wang, DX; Xi, H; Yuan, ZG, 2008)	0.35
" With these drug therapies has come a more targeted approach to treatment enabling not only improved antimyeloma efficacy but also the use of decreased dosing enhancing the safety and tolerability of these regimens."	( New drugs in multiple myeloma. Berenson, JR; Yellin, O, 2008)	0.35
" Intended therapy consisted of daily thalidomide (200 mg for 2 weeks, then 400 mg for 50 weeks) and rituximab (375 mg/m(2) per week) dosed on weeks 2 to 5 and 13 to 16."	( Thalidomide and rituximab in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Anderson, KC; Boedeker, H; Branagan, AR; Briccetti, FM; Chu, L; Chua, C; Ciccarelli, BT; Cooper, RB; Garbo, L; Hatjiharissi, E; Hill, J; Howard, J; Hunter, ZR; Ioakimidis, L; Lovett, DR; Moore, M; Musto, P; Nantel, SH; Pasmantier, M; Patterson, CJ; Rauch, A; Sonneborn, H; Soumerai, JD; Treon, SP; Zimbler, H, 2008)	2.06
" Eight patients had permitted escalation of thalidomide dosage up to 200 mg daily."	( Clarithromycin with low dose dexamethasone and thalidomide is effective therapy in relapsed/refractory myeloma. Boyd, K; Clarke, P; Drake, M; Hull, DR; Jones, FC; Kettle, PJ; Morris, TC; Morrison, A; O'Reilly, P; Quinn, J, 2008)	0.86
" The initial thalidomide dosage of 100 mg/day was escalated in 100 mg steps weekly up to 300 mg/day based on tolerability."	( Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as antiangiogenic treatment approach: a phase I/II trial. Müller, C; Peck-Radosavljevic, M; Pinter, M; Plank, C; Schmid, K; Wichlas, M; Wrba, F, 2008)	2.16
"Effectiveness and adverse events of 102 MM patients treated with thalidomide at a median dosage of 200 mg/d."	( [The efficacy of thalidomide for multiple myeloma: a clinical analysis of 102 Chinese patients]. Li, YN; Qi, PJ; Qiu, LG; Wang, YF; Xiao, ZJ; Xu, Y; Zhao, YZ; Zou, DH, 2008)	0.92
" The recommended phase II dosing is docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) on day 1, lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1-14, and pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 2, given every 3 weeks."	( Phase I trial of docetaxel given every 3 weeks and daily lenalidomide in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bako, J; Bokar, JA; Brell, JM; Cooney, MM; Dowlati, A; Gibbons, J; Horvath, N; Krishnamurthi, S; Nock, C; Remick, SC; Sanborn, SL, 2009)	0.35
" 4) The most common adverse events were 1-2 grade and tolerable 3 patients had to reduce the bortezomib dosage because of peripheral neuropathy or sinus bradycardia."	( [Outcome of bortezomib plus chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple myeloma]. Deng, SH; Qiu, LG; Wang, Y; Wang, YF; Wu, T; Xu, Y; Zhao, YZ; Zou, DH, 2008)	0.35
"Intended therapy consisted of 48 weeks of lenalidomide (25 mg/d for 3 weeks and then 1 week off) along with rituximab (375 mg/m(2)/wk) dosed on weeks 2 to 5 and 13 to 16."	( Lenalidomide and rituximab in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Anderson, KC; Baron, AD; Branagan, AR; Chu, L; Hunter, ZR; Hyman, PM; Ioakimidis, L; Kash, JJ; Munshi, NC; Musto, P; Nawfel, EL; Nunnink, JC; Patterson, CJ; Sharon, DJ; Soumerai, JD; Terjanian, TO; Treon, SP, 2009)	0.35
"Thalidomide presents polymorphism and is a problematic drug due to its poor solubility and difficult tablet processability, which is the dosage form available in Brazil."	( Solid state evaluation of some thalidomide raw materials. Carini, JP; Fialho, SL; Machado, G; Mayorga, P; Mexias, AS; Pavei, C; Pereira, VP; Silva, AP, 2009)	2.08
" Improvement was noted within 1 month at a dosage of 5 mg/d in one case and was maintained for 10 months before the dosage was doubled to 10 mg/d for 12 months because of a slight worsening of symptoms."	( Lenalidomide for the treatment of resistant discoid lupus erythematosus. Albrecht, J; Bonilla-Martinez, Z; Okawa, J; Rose, M; Rosenbach, M; Shah, A; Werth, VP, 2009)	0.35
" From these results, even in Japanese patients, the thalidomide dosage need not be modified for renal insufficiency and HD."	( [Analysis of plasma concentration of thalidomide in Japanese patients of multiple myeloma with renal dysfunction]. Arai, A; Fukuda, T; Hirota, A; Miura, O; Mori, Y; Sasaki, S; Terada, Y; Tohda, S, 2009)	0.88
" Lenalidomide was well tolerated up to a 35-mg/d intermittent dosing schedule at doses higher than previously indicated for hematologic malignancies."	( Phase I study of oral lenalidomide in patients with refractory metastatic cancer. Aragon-Ching, JB; Arlen, PM; Dahut, WL; Figg, WD; Gulley, JL; Tohnya, TM; Ventiz, J; Woo, S; Wright, JJ, 2009)	0.35
" Treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics resulted in significant improvement, but at reduction of steroid dosage the skin lesions reappeared."	( Prurigo nodularis of Hyde treated with low-dose thalidomide. Cottone, M; Orlando, A; Renna, S, )	0.39
" Moreover no agreement exists concerning the effects of thalidomide dosage on the clinical and electrophysiological findings."	( Clinical and electrophysiological evaluation of patients with thalidomide-induced neuropathy. Aki, Z; Erdogmus, NI; Haznedar, R; Kocer, B; Kuruoglu, R; Sucak, G, 2009)	0.84
" The initial daily dosing of lenalidomide is 10 mg for MDS with a 5q deletion and 25 mg for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma."	( The clinical utility of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Bonkowski, J; Kolesar, JM; Vermeulen, LC, 2010)	0.36
"Thalidomide was given to 2 patients with EOS (a 16-year-old girl and an 8-year-old boy) at an initial dosage of 2 mg/kg/day, and the dosage was increased if necessary."	( Thalidomide dramatically improves the symptoms of early-onset sarcoidosis/Blau syndrome: its possible action and mechanism. Manki, A; Morishima, T; Takemoto, K; Tsuge, M; Yamamoto, M; Yashiro, M; Yasui, K, 2010)	3.25
" With dosing of lenalidomide according to renal function, LenDex can be administered to patients with RI (who may not have other treatment options) without excessive toxicity."	( Lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma: dosing of lenalidomide according to renal function and effect on renal impairment. Christoulas, D; Dimopoulos, MA; Efstathiou, E; Gavriatopoulou, M; Grapsa, I; Kastritis, E; Matsouka, C; Migkou, M; Mparmparoussi, D; Psimenou, E; Roussou, M; Terpos, E, 2010)	0.36
"The impact of cumulative dosing and premature drug discontinuation (PMDD) of bortezomib (V), thalidomide (T), and dexamethasone (D) on overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), time to next therapy, and post-relapse survival in Total Therapy 3 were examined, using time-dependent methodology, relevant to induction, peritransplantation, consolidation, and maintenance phases."	( Total Therapy 3 for multiple myeloma: prognostic implications of cumulative dosing and premature discontinuation of VTD maintenance components, bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone, relevant to all phases of therapy. Alsayed, Y; Anaissie, E; Barlogie, B; Crowley, J; Hoering, A; Nair, B; Petty, N; Shaughnessy, JD; Szymonifka, J; van Rhee, F; Waheed, S, 2010)	0.78
"Lenalidomide (25 mg daily) treatment was then initiated in a continuous dosing schedule."	( Lenalidomide induced good clinical response in a patient with multiple relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Kolonic, SO; Mandac, I, 2010)	0.36
" Intermittent dosing of pomalidomide allowed substantially higher doses than were previously reported with a continuous schedule."	( A phase I, dose-escalation study of pomalidomide (CC-4047) in combination with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreas cancer. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hainsworth, JD; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Messersmith, WA; Spigel, DR; Weekes, CD; Yardley, DA, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that the lenalidomide area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours and maximum plasma concentration increased with dosage over the range studied."	( Phase I trial of lenalidomide in pediatric patients with recurrent, refractory, or progressive primary CNS tumors: Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study PBTC-018. Blaney, SM; Boyett, JM; Fangusaro, J; Goldman, S; Jakacki, R; Kun, LE; Macdonald, T; Packer, R; Pollack, IF; Schaiquevich, P; Stewart, CF; Wallace, D; Warren, KE, 2011)	0.37
" Nevertheless, such a memantine dosing regimen did not affect dopamine metabolism in mPFC and Acb."	( Memantine abolishes the formation of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference possibly via its IL-6-modulating effect in medial prefrontal cortex. Cherng, CG; Lin, KY; Lin, LC; Lu, RB; Yang, FR; Yu, L, 2011)	0.37
"Quantification of tumor blood flow by using contrast-enhanced destruction-replenishment US shows the potential to guide drug dosage during antiangiogenic therapy."	( Quantitative assessment of tumor blood flow in mice after treatment with different doses of an antiangiogenic agent with contrast-enhanced destruction-replenishment US. Cao, LH; Han, F; Li, AH; Liu, JB; Liu, M; Luo, RZ; Zheng, W; Zhou, JH, 2011)	0.37
" Of note, once-weekly bortezomib dosing (in combination with MP±T) was shown to reduce the incidence of peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal events compared with twice-weekly dosing, while maintaining efficacy."	( Practical management of adverse events in multiple myeloma: can therapy be attenuated in older patients? Bringhen, S; Mateos, MV; Palumbo, A; San Miguel, JF, 2011)	0.37
" Lenalidomide was dosed 10 mg on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day schedule for a total of 24 cycles."	( Lenalidomide maintenance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma is not feasible: results of the HOVON 76 Trial. Bruijnen, CP; Cornelisse, PB; Cornelissen, JJ; Emmelot, M; Huisman, C; Huls, G; Janssen, JJ; Kersten, MJ; Kneppers, E; Lokhorst, HM; Meijer, E; Minnema, MC; Mutis, T; Sonneveld, P; van der Holt, B; Zweegman, S, 2011)	0.37
" Although well tolerated, this phase II trial did not show superior efficacy compared with conventional dosing and scheduling of these agents."	( Phase II trial of syncopated thalidomide, lenalidomide, and weekly dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Anand, P; Bello, E; Bendarz, U; Bilotti, E; McBride, L; McNeill, A; Olivo, K; Siegel, DS; Tufail, M; Vesole, DH, 2012)	0.67
" However the response rate, even using lenalidomide at 50 mg, was not superior to standard dosing of thalidomide or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone."	( Phase II trial of syncopated thalidomide, lenalidomide, and weekly dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Anand, P; Bello, E; Bendarz, U; Bilotti, E; McBride, L; McNeill, A; Olivo, K; Siegel, DS; Tufail, M; Vesole, DH, 2012)	0.89
" The dosage of thalidomide, concentrations of (R)- and (S)-thalidomide in whole blood, and clinical laboratory test results were used as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices."	( Influence of cytochrome P450 2C19 gene variations on pharmacokinetic parameters of thalidomide in Japanese patients. Ishida, F; Matsuda, M; Matsuzawa, N; Nakamura, K; Ohmori, S, 2012)	0.96
" A prospective cohort study in 50 patients with RRMM has reported that when Len/Dex dosing was adjusted according to renal function, response rates and survival outcomes were similar in patients with and without RI, and there was no increase in adverse events in patients with RI."	( Treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma and renal impairment. Alegre, A; Dimopoulos, MA; Goldschmidt, H; Mark, T; Niesvizky, R; Terpos, E, 2012)	0.38
" Phase III clinical trials are currently underway and will better elucidate appropriate dosing of apremilast and further illuminate its side effect profile."	( Apremilast as a treatment for psoriasis. Feldman, S; Pellerin, M; Shutty, B; West, C, 2012)	0.38
" The patient was administered an increasing dosage of thalidomide, up to 300 mg/day, with thromboembolism prophylaxis for 3 months, with no clinical response."	( [High-dose thalidomide for severe idiopathic obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient at high-thrombotic risk]. Gonzalez-Santiago, JM; Martín-Noguerol, E; Martinez-Alcalá, C; Molina-Infante, J; Vara-Brenes, D, 2013)	1.03
"Treatment with apremilast at a dosage of 20 mg twice per day or 40 mg once per day demonstrated efficacy in comparison with placebo and was generally well tolerated in patients with active PsA."	( Oral apremilast in the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. de Vlam, KL; Hu, C; Joos, R; Papp, K; Rodrigues, JF; Schett, G; Stevens, R; Vessey, AR; Wollenhaupt, J, 2012)	0.38
" Two different dosing schedules were explored."	( Phase I trial of pomalidomide given for patients with advanced solid tumors. Bokar, J; Cooney, MM; Dowlati, A; Dreicer, R; Gibbons, J; Krishnamurthi, S; Ness, A; Nock, C; Remick, SC; Rodal, MB, 2012)	0.38
"Pomalidomide was well tolerated and the recommended phase II dosing schedules are 7 mg daily given for 21 days followed by a 7-day rest or pomalidomide 4 mg given on an uninterrupted daily schedule."	( Phase I trial of pomalidomide given for patients with advanced solid tumors. Bokar, J; Cooney, MM; Dowlati, A; Dreicer, R; Gibbons, J; Krishnamurthi, S; Ness, A; Nock, C; Remick, SC; Rodal, MB, 2012)	0.38
" However, phase III trials were dosed without regard to food; therefore, clinical relevance of the food effect was minimal."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in healthy volunteers: dose proportionality, food effect, and racial sensitivity. Chen, N; Kasserra, C; Lau, H; Liu, L; Reyes, J, 2012)	0.38
" We observed dose-dependent kinetics over the evaluated dosing range."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of lenalidomide in mice. Byrd, JC; Gao, Y; Herman, SE; Jarjoura, D; Johnson, AJ; Li, X; Mahoney, E; Phelps, MA; Rozewski, DM; Shin, JD; Stefanovski, MR; Towns, WH; Yang, X, 2012)	0.38
" This dosage form permits the prolonged drug release."	( Evaluation of the effects of thalidomide-loaded biodegradable devices in solid Ehrlich tumor. Dantas Cassali, G; Ligorio Fialho, S; Maria de Souza, C; Pereira, BG; Silva-Cunha, A, 2013)	0.68
" Lenalidomide even in lower dosed combined with steroids can induce complete responses in patients with refractory AITL."	( Therapy refractory angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in complete remission with lenalidomide. Beckers, MM; Huls, G, 2013)	0.39
" CRd was administered on 28-day dosing cycles: carfilzomib 15 to 27 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16; lenalidomide 10 to 25 mg on days 1 to 21; and dexamethasone 40 mg weekly."	( Phase Ib dose-escalation study (PX-171-006) of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed or progressive multiple myeloma. Alsina, M; Bensinger, WI; Kunkel, LA; Lee, S; Martin, TG; Niesvizky, R; Orlowski, RZ; Siegel, DS; Wang, M; Wong, AF, 2013)	0.39
" Dosage adjustment was made according to improvement of symptoms or patient's own choice."	( Thalidomide improves clinical symptoms of primary cutaneous amyloidosis: report of familiar and sporadic cases. An, Q; Chen, HD; Gao, XH; Hong, Y; Lin, J; Zhang, L; Zheng, S, )	1.57
" The most common adverse events (incidence ≥20 %) occurring in lenalidomide recipients were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, which were generally managed by dosage reductions and/or interruptions, and/or pharmacotherapy."	( Lenalidomide: a review of its use in patients with transfusion-dependent anaemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndrome associated with 5q chromosome deletion. Scott, LJ; Syed, YY, 2013)	0.39
"Preclinical models show that an antiangiogenic regimen at low-dose daily (metronomic) dosing may be effective against chemotherapy-resistant tumors."	( A phase II trial of a multi-agent oral antiangiogenic (metronomic) regimen in children with recurrent or progressive cancer. Allen, JC; Bendel, AE; Campigotto, F; Chi, SN; Chordas, CA; Comito, MA; Goldman, S; Hubbs, SM; Isakoff, MS; Khatib, ZA; Kieran, MW; Kondrat, L; Manley, PE; Neuberg, DS; Pan, WJ; Pietrantonio, JB; Robison, NJ; Rubin, JB; Turner, CD; Werger, AM; Zimmerman, MA, 2014)	0.4
" The post-implantation loss rate and number of placental remnants were increased and the number of live fetuses was decreased in both of the strains in the EFD study and in Kbl:NZW at 300 mg/kg dosed on GD 7-8 in the SP study."	( Common nature in the effects of thalidomide on embryo-fetal development in Kbl:JW and Kbl:NZW rabbits. Awatsuji, H; Kawamura, Y; Matsumoto, K; Sato, K; Shirotsuka, Y, 2014)	0.69
" The dosage of hemoglobin in sponge and in circulation was performed and the ratio between the values was tested using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test."	( Standardization of a method to study angiogenesis in a mouse model. Azzalis, LA; Feder, CK; Feder, D; Fonseca, FL; Forsait, S; Junqueira, PE; Junqueira, VB; Pereira, EC; Perrazo, FF, 2013)	0.39
" Drugs for multiple myeloma therapy are significantly removed with both HCO and PFX, with important implications for the dosing and timing of administration, particularly in patients with cast nephropathy receiving extended dialysis."	( Clearance of drugs for multiple myeloma therapy during in vitro high-cutoff hemodialysis. Devine, E; Krause, B; Krieter, DH; Lemke, HD; Storr, M; Wanner, C, 2014)	0.4
" The optimal dosing schedule of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is unclear."	( Intermittent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for neutropenia management in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. Atenafu, EG; Chen, C; Kukreti, V; Masih-Khan, E; Reece, DE; Sun, HL; Trudel, S; Winter, A; Yeboah, E, 2015)	0.42
" High-dose cytarabine is clearly effective and there definitely is a dose-response relationship for cytarabine and remission duration."	( Optimal therapy for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission. Wiernik, PH, 2014)	0.4
" The MTD was found to be continuous dosing of lenalidomide 10 mg/day plus sunitinib 37."	( A phase I/II study of lenalidomide in combination with sunitinib in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Beck, R; Burris, HA; Fandi, A; Garcia, JA; Infante, JR; Jungnelius, U; Li, S; Redman, B; Rini, B, 2014)	0.4
"Adequate dosing of lenalidomide in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) remains unclear."	( A dose escalation feasibility study of lenalidomide for treatment of symptomatic, relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Andritsos, LA; Browning, R; Byrd, JC; Flynn, J; Gao, Y; Harper, E; Jiang, Y; Johnson, AJ; Jones, J; Kefauver, C; Maddocks, K; Phelps, MA; Poi, M; Rozewski, DM; Ruppert, AS, 2014)	0.4
" A total of 43 patients were recruited into three CPT plus thalidomide cohorts based on CPT dosage in sequence: 5 mg/kg (n = 11), 8 mg/kg (n = 17), and 10 mg/kg (n = 15)."	( A multicenter, open-label phase II study of recombinant CPT (Circularly Permuted TRAIL) plus thalidomide in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Chen, WM; Geng, C; Hou, J; Huang, Z; Ke, X; Liu, Y; Qiu, L; Wang, F; Wang, Z; Wei, N; Wei, P; Xi, H; Yang, S; Zhao, Y; Zheng, X; Zhu, B, 2014)	0.87
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of pomalidomide for the management of refractory multiple myeloma are reviewed."	( Pomalidomide for the management of refractory multiple myeloma. Cole, SW; Olin, JL; Summers, BB, 2014)	0.4
" For patients with small lymphocytic lymphoma, dosing began at 10 mg/day to avoid tumour flare, with an escalation of 5 mg/month to 20 mg/day."	( Safety and activity of lenalidomide and rituximab in untreated indolent lymphoma: an open-label, phase 2 trial. Baladandayuthapani, V; Claret, LC; Davis, RE; Fanale, MA; Fayad, LE; Feng, L; Fowler, NH; Hagemeister, FB; Kwak, LW; McLaughlin, P; Muzzafar, T; Nastoupil, L; Neelapu, SS; Oki, Y; Orlowski, RZ; Rawal, S; Romaguera, JE; Samaniego, F; Shah, J; Tsai, KY; Turturro, F; Wang, M; Westin, JR, 2014)	0.4
" Treatment-specific tools and clinical assessments can be useful for optimizing dosing and schedule adjustments to increase therapy duration, and implementing supportive care strategies (e."	( Treatment-related symptom management in patients with multiple myeloma: a review. Colson, K, 2015)	0.42
" In addition to appropriate drug dosing and administration, effective supportive care and health maintenance are crucial for maximizing quality of life and disease control."	( Treatment-related symptom management in patients with multiple myeloma: a review. Colson, K, 2015)	0.42
" The tolerability profile demonstrated in the dose escalation schedule of lenalidomide suggests the dosing of lenalidomide to be 25 mg daily on days 1-21 with standard dosing of gemcitabine and merits further evaluation in a phase II trial."	( A phase I dose-escalation study of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Liljefors, M; Rossmann, E; Ullenhag, GJ, 2015)	0.42
" Here we evaluated the clinical and pharmacodynamic effects of continuous or intermittent dosing strategies of pomalidomide/dexamethasone in lenalidomide-refractory myeloma in a randomized trial."	( Clinical and pharmacodynamic analysis of pomalidomide dosing strategies in myeloma: impact of immune activation and cereblon targets. Breider, M; Cooper, D; Couto, S; Das, R; Deng, Y; Dhodapkar, KM; Dhodapkar, MV; Hansel, D; Kocoglu, M; Koduru, S; Ren, Y; Sehgal, K; Seropian, S; Thakurta, A; Vasquez, J; Verma, R; Wang, M; Yao, X; Zhang, L, 2015)	0.42
"The biologic endpoint of full KIR occupancy was achieved across the IPH2101 dosing interval."	( A Phase I Trial of the Anti-KIR Antibody IPH2101 and Lenalidomide in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Andre, P; Benson, DM; Caligiuri, MA; Cohen, AD; Efebera, YA; Hofmeister, CC; Jagannath, S; Munshi, NC; Spitzer, G; Zerbib, R, 2015)	0.42
" The 90 % CI for the ratio of area under the INR curve from time zero until 144 hours after dosing (AUCINR, 0-144) or the peak INR geometric means between co-administration with lenalidomide versus placebo was also within the 85-125 % bounds."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions when lenalidomide is co-administered with warfarin in a randomized clinical trial setting. Chen, N; Knight, R; Palmisano, M; Weiss, D; Zhou, S, 2015)	0.42
" Alternate approaches such as sequential dosing need to be evaluated when considering novel combination strategies for myelofibrosis."	( Ruxolitinib in combination with lenalidomide as therapy for patients with myelofibrosis. Borthakur, G; Cortes, J; Daver, N; Jabbour, E; Kadia, T; Kantarjian, H; Newberry, K; Pemmaraju, N; Pierce, S; Ravandi, F; Sasaki, K; Verstovsek, S; Wang, X; Zhou, L, 2015)	0.42
"In this issue of Blood, Sehgal et al report on the clinical and pharmacodynamics analysis of pomalidomide dosing strategies in multiple myeloma (MM) and their impact on immune activation and cereblon targets."	( Toward optimizing pomalidomide therapy in MM patients. Podar, K, 2015)	0.42
" We point the attention on open issues, including drug dosage and administration schedule, prediction of clinical response to lenalidomide, and combination therapeutic strategies."	( Lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the present and future in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Colaci, E; Fiorcari, S; Luppi, M; Maffei, R; Marasca, R; Martinelli, S; Potenza, L, 2016)	0.43
" Thalidomide was orally administered at a dosage of 50mg/day to 150 mg/day before sleeping for at least 14 days."	( Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Deng, LC; Gu, HG; Gu, M; Huang, XE; Ji, ZQ; Li, L; Liu, MY; Liu, Y; Qian, T; Shen, HL; Wang, L; Yan, XC, 2015)	2.77
" Pomalidomide at a dosage of 4 mg orally on days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles associated with fixed low-dose dexamethasone (40 mg on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day cycle), outside of the clinical trials, was started as a final attempt."	( Response to pomalidomide plus fixed low-dose dexamethasone in a case of secondary plasma cell leukaemia. Coppi, MR; Guaragna, G; Mele, G; Melpignano, A; Spina, A, 2016)	0.43
" This analysis of the pivotal phase 3 FIRST trial examined the impact of renally adapted dosing of lenalidomide and dexamethasone on outcomes of patients with different degrees of renal impairment."	( Impact of renal impairment on outcomes with lenalidomide and dexamethasone treatment in the FIRST trial, a randomized, open-label phase 3 trial in transplant-ineligible patients with multiple myeloma. Belhadj, K; Bensinger, W; Chen, G; Cheung, MC; Derigs, HG; Dib, M; Dimopoulos, MA; Eom, H; Ervin-Haynes, A; Facon, T; Gamberi, B; Hall, R; Jaccard, A; Jardel, H; Karlin, L; Kolb, B; Lenain, P; Leupin, N; Liu, T; Marek, J; Rigaudeau, S; Roussel, M; Schots, R; Tosikyan, A; Van der Jagt, R, 2016)	0.43
" To determine the optimal dosing schedule of once weekly bortezomib (BTZ) combined with lenalidomide (LEN) and dexamethasone (DEX), especially in the outpatient setting, we conducted a phase I dose escalation study."	( Phase I study of once weekly treatment with bortezomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Hagiwara, S; Iida, S; Ishida, T; Ito, A; Kanamori, T; Kato, C; Kinoshita, S; Komatsu, H; Kusumoto, S; Masuda, A; Murakami, S; Nakashima, T; Narita, T; Ri, M; Suzuki, N; Totani, H; Yoshida, T, 2016)	0.43
" In ECG evaluations performed after dosing with pomalidomide 4 mg (therapeutic dose) or 20 mg (supratherapeutic dose), the upper limit of the two-sided 90 % CI for mean change from baseline and placebo-corrected QTcF was <10 ms at all postdose time points, which is below the defined threshold of regulatory concern."	( A Phase 1, double-blind, 4-period crossover study to investigate the effects of pomalidomide on QT interval in healthy male subjects. Assaf, M; Liu, L; Mondal, SA; O'Mara, E, 2016)	0.43
" To establish safety, lenalidomide dosing in this combination was escalated in a conventional 3 + 3 design (15, 20 and 25 mg daily for 2 weeks followed by 1 week off)."	( Phase II trial of docetaxel, bevacizumab, lenalidomide and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Adesunloye, BA; Arlen, PM; Beedie, SL; Chen, C; Chun, G; Cordes, L; Couvillon, A; Dahut, WL; Dawson, NA; Figg, WD; Gulley, JL; Harold, N; Huang, X; Karzai, FH; Lee, MJ; Lee, S; Madan, RA; McLeod, DG; Ning, YM; Rosner, I; Sissung, T; Steinberg, SM; Theoret, MR; Tomita, Y; Trepel, JB, 2016)	0.43
" A significant correlation was observed between platelet (Plt) count prior to the start of Len therapy (pre-treatment Plt) and the difference between pre-treatment Plt and the minimum Plt up to the point in time of treatment discontinuation, prolongation, or dosage reduction (min-Plt) (r=0."	( The Establishment of Indicators of Thrombocytopenia in Patients Receiving Lenalidomide Therapy. Goto, C; Goto, H; Ichihashi, A; Kasahara, S; Nagaya, K; Osawa, T; Tachi, T; Takahashi, T; Teramachi, H; Umeda, M; Yasuda, M, 2015)	0.42
" The present review examines the drug's pharmacokinetics, discusses the main adverse renal effects that are associated with lenalidomide treatment, and makes recommendations for dosage adjustment in patients with underlying renal impairment."	( [Lenalidomide nephrotoxicity]. Izzedine, H; Kheder El-Fekih, R, 2016)	0.43
" Conventionally dosed lenalidomide has activity in 5q-MDS."	( A study of high-dose lenalidomide induction and low-dose lenalidomide maintenance therapy for patients with hypomethylating agent refractory myelodysplastic syndrome. Cashen, AF; Cherian, MA; DiPersio, JF; Fiala, M; Fletcher, T; Gao, F; Jacoby, MA; Stockerl-Goldstein, K; Tibes, R; Uy, GL; Vij, R; Westervelt, P, 2016)	0.43
" The dosing and safety profile of POM + LoDEX was similar across RI subgroups."	( Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and moderate renal impairment: a pooled analysis of three clinical trials. Baz, R; Cavo, M; Delforge, M; Dimopoulos, MA; Goldschmidt, H; Hong, K; Jagannath, S; Moreau, P; Palumbo, A; Richardson, P; San Miguel, JF; Siegel, DS; Song, KW; Sternas, L; Weisel, KC; Yu, X; Zaki, M, 2016)	0.43
" Dosing was based on the lenalidomide label."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma and renal impairment. Abraham, J; Arnulf, B; Bridoux, F; Chen, N; Desport, E; Fermand, JP; Jaccard, A; Moreau, S; Moumas, E, 2016)	0.43
" When co-administrated with anti-CD20 mAbs, dosage of lenalidomide was not the key factor of ORR in combination therapy."	( Efficacy of lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hu, X; Liang, L; Liu, H; Yang, LP; Zhao, M; Zhu, YC, 2016)	0.43
" Overall, lenalidomide is a suitable therapeutic option for R/R DLBCL, especially in non-GCB DLBCL, and 25 mg/day dosing should be preferred."	( Lenalidomide in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Is It a Valid Treatment Option? Cuzzocrea, S; Ferrero, S; Ghione, P; Marabese, A; Mian, M; Mondello, P; Pitini, V; Steiner, N; Willenbacher, W, 2016)	0.43
" Moreover, thalidomide prevented the morphine-induced shift to the right of the ED50 in the dose-response curve."	( A new pharmacological role for thalidomide: Attenuation of morphine-induced tolerance in rats. Amini, H; Hassanzadeh, K; Izadpanah, E; Khodadadi, B; Moloudi, MR; Rahmani, MR, 2016)	1.11
" This prompted us to explore the concept of less intense drug dosing with shorter intervals between courses with the aim of preventing inter-course relapse."	( Dose-dense and less dose-intense Total Therapy 5 for gene expression profiling-defined high-risk multiple myeloma. Alapat, D; Avery, D; Bailey, C; Barlogie, B; Crowley, J; Epstein, J; Heuck, CJ; Hoering, A; Jethava, Y; Khan, R; Mitchell, A; Morgan, G; Petty, N; Sawyer, J; Schinke, C; Smith, R; Stein, C; Steward, D; Thanendrarajan, S; Tian, E; van Rhee, F; Waheed, S; Yaccoby, S; Zangari, M, 2016)	0.43
" Reduction in steroid dosage was reported in 109/152 (71."	( Thalidomide for inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review. Bramuzzo, M; Lazzerini, M; Martelossi, S; Ventura, A, 2016)	1.88
" Continous high dosing schedules are poorly tolerated and minimally active."	( A phase 2 trial of high dose lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage dysplasia. Carraway, HE; DeZern, A; Gojo, I; Gore, SD; Smith, BD; Zeidan, AM, 2017)	0.46
" Initial dosage level was 5 mg once per day for 21 days per 28-day cycle, with a de-escalated level of 3 mg if not tolerable, and aspirin 81 mg once per day thromboprophylaxis."	( Pomalidomide for Symptomatic Kaposi's Sarcoma in People With and Without HIV Infection: A Phase I/II Study. Aleman, K; Bevans, M; Figg, WD; Goncalves, PH; Khetani, V; Maldarelli, F; Marshall, V; Peer, CJ; Polizzotto, MN; Sereti, I; Steinberg, SM; Uldrick, TS; Whitby, D; Wyvill, KM; Yarchoan, R; Zeldis, JB, 2016)	0.43
" However, a dosage adjustment was needed because of pancytopenia."	( Efficacy of pomalidomide in a multiple myeloma patient requiring hemodialysis. Hangaishi, A; Hirao, M; Iizuka, H; Kida, M; Usuki, K, 2016)	0.43
" The developed model was used to simulate dose schedules in order to explore the need of different dosing regimens in patients with different covariate values."	( Population pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma patients. Climente-Martí, M; Guchelaar, HJ; Guglieri-López, B; Merino-Sanjuán, M; Moes, DJ; Pérez-Pitarch, A; Porta-Oltra, B, 2017)	0.46
" Dosing comprised elotuzumab 10 mg/kg intravenously (weekly, Cycles 1-2; biweekly, Cycles 3+), lenalidomide 25 mg (daily, Days 1-21), and dexamethasone (28 mg orally and 8 mg intravenously, weekly, Cycles 1-2; 40 mg orally, weekly, Cycles 3+), in 28-day cycles."	( A phase 2 safety study of accelerated elotuzumab infusion, over less than 1 h, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, in patients with multiple myeloma. Badarinath, S; Berenson, J; Cartmell, A; Harb, W; Lyons, R; Manges, R; McIntyre, K; Mohamed, H; Nourbakhsh, A; Rifkin, R, 2017)	0.46
" Further study should focus on guidelines for dosing and course and investigate how to reduce the adverse effects."	( Thalidomide for Epistaxis in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Preliminary Study. Chen, X; Fang, J; Guan, J; Su, K; Ye, H; Zhang, W; Zhu, B, 2017)	1.9
" Median duration of dosing was 36."	( A phase 1b study of isatuximab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Baz, R; Benson, DM; Campana, F; Charpentier, E; Lendvai, N; Lesokhin, AM; Martin, T; Munster, P; Vij, R; Wack, C; Wolf, J, 2017)	0.46
" Patients received daratumumab 16 mg/kg at the recommended dosing schedule, pomalidomide 4 mg daily for 21 days of each 28-day cycle, and dexamethasone 40 mg weekly."	( Daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Ahmadi, T; Arnulf, B; Chari, A; Chiu, C; Comenzo, R; Fay, JW; Ifthikharuddin, JJ; Kaufman, JL; Khokhar, NZ; Krishnan, A; Lentzsch, S; Lonial, S; Nottage, K; Suvannasankha, A; Wang, J; Weiss, BM, 2017)	0.46
" The basis of the RI treatment in MM is bortizomib-based regimen, which does not require dosage adjustment in patients with dialysis or renal insufficiency."	( [Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with renal impairment of multiple myeloma]. , 2017)	0.46
" Although the POM dosage was reduced to 1-2 mg/day due to somnolence, which was reported as an adverse event, stringent complete response (sCR) was achieved and sustained for 10 months following 11 cycles of low-dose POM monotherapy."	( [Achievement of a stringent complete response with low-dose pomalidomide monotherapy in a multiple myeloma patient]. Endo, T; Hamada, T; Hatta, Y; Iriyama, N; Koike, T; Kurihara, K; Miura, K; Nakagawa, M; Otake, S; Sato, H; Takahashi, H; Takei, M; Uchino, Y, )	0.13
"Pomalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug and the dosage of 4 mg per day taken orally on days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles has been approved in the European Union and United States to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( An Open-Label, Phase 1 Study to Assess the Effects of Hepatic Impairment on Pomalidomide Pharmacokinetics. Gomez, D; Li, Y; Liu, L; Palmisano, M; Reyes, J; Wang, X; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2019)	0.51
"Pomalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug, and the dosage of 4 mg per day taken orally on days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles has been approved in the European Union and the United States to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma."	( In Vivo Assessment of the Effect of CYP1A2 Inhibition and Induction on Pomalidomide Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Subjects. Hoffmann, M; Li, Y; Liu, L; Palmisano, M; Reyes, J; Wang, X; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2018)	0.48
"Ten Caucasian individuals (6 male, 4 females; mean age 69,3; range 53-81 years) affected by moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PASI≥10 e/o DLQI≥10 e/O BSA≥10) were treated with apremilast, following dosing regimen of technical data sheet and clinically evaluated both after 12 weeks (T12) and 16 weeks (T16)."	( Skin involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis: preliminary results of treatment with apremilast in real world setting. Campanati, A; Diotallevi, F; Molinelli, E; Offidani, A; Radi, G, 2019)	0.51
" Using various dosing schedules, the majority of patients (684/694) received daratumumab at a dose of 16 mg/kg."	( Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analyses of Daratumumab in Combination Therapy Regimens for Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Belch, A; Capra, M; Clemens, PL; Dimopoulos, MA; Gomez, D; Ho, PJ; Iida, S; Jansson, R; Leiba, M; Medvedova, E; Min, CK; Schecter, J; Sonneveld, P; Sun, YN; Xu, XS; Zhang, L, 2018)	0.48
"These data support the recommended 16 mg/kg dose of daratumumab and the respective dosing schedules in the POLLUX and CASTOR pivotal studies."	( Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analyses of Daratumumab in Combination Therapy Regimens for Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Belch, A; Capra, M; Clemens, PL; Dimopoulos, MA; Gomez, D; Ho, PJ; Iida, S; Jansson, R; Leiba, M; Medvedova, E; Min, CK; Schecter, J; Sonneveld, P; Sun, YN; Xu, XS; Zhang, L, 2018)	0.48
" Among 185 randomly assigned intent-to-treat patients at week 12, a dose-response relationship was observed; APR40 (n = 63), but not APR30 (n = 58), led to statistically significant improvements (vs."	( A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Apremilast in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Chen, M; Estrada, YD; Guttman-Yassky, E; Imafuku, S; Malik, K; Nograles, K; Pavel, AB; Peng, X; Poulin, Y; Shah, N; Simpson, EL; Suarez-Farinas, M; Ungar, B; Wen, HC; Xu, H; Zhou, L, 2019)	0.51
" Dose titration is recommended during APM treatment due to its tolerability and twice-daily dosing regimen issues."	( Preparation of sustained release apremilast-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Alalaiwe, A; Anwer, MK; Ezzeldin, E; Fatima, F; Iqbal, M; Mohammad, M, 2019)	0.51
" In most cases, they were mild or moderate in severity and tended to resolve over time with continued dosing and without intervention."	( [Gastrointestinal side effects of apremilast : Characterization and management]. Beigel, F; Beissert, S; Gerdes, S; Homey, B; Körber, A; Mössner, R; Pinter, A; Radtke, MA; Staubach-Renz, P, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetics modeling and noncompartmental analyses showed that weight-based dosing with apremilast 20 mg twice daily in children or apremilast 20 or 30 mg twice daily in adolescents provides exposure (area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 12 hours after the dose) that is comparable to that achieved with apremilast 30 mg twice daily in adults."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of apremilast in pediatric patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Results from a phase 2 open-label study. Barcellona, C; Becker, EM; de Lucas, R; Fiorillo, L; Hong, Y; Maes, P; Paller, AS; Paris, M; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z, 2020)	0.56
"This first-time-in-children phase 2 study supports weight-based apremilast dosing for future phase 3 studies of pediatric plaque psoriasis."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of apremilast in pediatric patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Results from a phase 2 open-label study. Barcellona, C; Becker, EM; de Lucas, R; Fiorillo, L; Hong, Y; Maes, P; Paller, AS; Paris, M; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z, 2020)	0.56
" Patients (N = 569) with ≥1 prior line received Rd (lenalidomide, 25 mg, on Days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle; dexamethasone, 40 mg, weekly) ± daratumumab at the approved dosing schedule."	( Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: extended follow-up of POLLUX, a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study. Bahlis, NJ; Benboubker, L; Chiu, C; Cook, G; Dimopoulos, MA; Ho, PJ; Kaufman, JL; Kim, K; Krevvata, M; Leiba, M; Moreau, P; Okonkwo, L; Qi, M; Qin, X; San-Miguel, J; Takezako, N; Trivedi, S; Ukropec, J; White, DJ, 2020)	0.56
"Of the American and European guidelines available for use of apremilast, several organizations are in agreement regarding the dosage of apremilast, but there are significant disagreements concerning matters such as medication indication, pretreatment laboratory testing, and contraindications to therapy."	( Comparison of psoriasis guidelines for use of apremilast in the United States and Europe: a critical appraisal and comprehensive review. Ghamrawi, RI; Ghiam, N; Wu, JJ, 2022)	0.72
" We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of lenalidomide and dexamethasone as frontline pre-transplant induction, with doses adjusted at start of each cycle based on creatinine clearance, as per the official dosing guidelines."	( An open-label, pharmacokinetic study of lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM) patients with various degrees of renal impairment - validation of official dosing guidelines. Cao, Y; Chen, CI; Chen, E; Chen, H; Kakar, S; Kukreti, V; Lau, A; Le, LW; Levina, O; Paul, H; Prica, A; Reece, DE; Tiedemann, R; Trudel, S, 2020)	0.56
" The most appropriate delivery and dosing regimens of these therapies for patients at advanced age and frailty status is also unclear."	( Optimising the value of immunomodulatory drugs during induction and maintenance in transplant ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results from Myeloma XI, a multicentre, open-label, randomised, Phase III trial. Cairns, DA; Collett, C; Cook, G; Davies, FE; Drayson, MT; Garg, M; Gregory, WM; Jackson, GH; Jenner, MW; Jones, JR; Kaiser, MF; Karunanithi, K; Kishore, B; Lindsay, J; Morgan, GJ; Owen, RG; Pawlyn, C; Russell, NH; Striha, A; Taylor, C; Waterhouse, A; Williams, CD; Wilson, J, 2021)	0.62
" Previous studies explored addition of weekly cyclophosphamide, but we hypothesized that daily dosing allows for better synergy."	( A phase II study of pomalidomide, daily oral cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Chan, E; Chari, A; Cho, HJ; Couto, S; Florendo, E; Ip, C; Jagannath, S; Kim-Schulze, S; La, L; Laganà, A; Lau, K; Leshchenko, VV; Madduri, D; Mancia, IS; Melnekoff, DT; Parekh, S; Pierceall, WE; Richter, J; Strumolo, G; Thakurta, A; Thomas, J; Van Oekelen, O; Verina, D; Vishnuvardhan, N; Wang, M; Zarychta, K, 2020)	0.56
" Here, we investigated the safety and effectiveness of ixazomib dosing schedules."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Ixazomib Dose-escalating Strategy in Ixazomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone Treatment for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Boku, S; Higai, K; Kagoo, T; Niijima, D; Ogawa, C; Ohashi, Y; Tani, K; Ueno, H; Yachi, Y; Yano, T; Yatabe, M; Yokoyama, A, )	0.13
"A dose-escalation strategy to optimise ixazomib dosing may reduce treatment interruption due to adverse events without compromising its antitumor activity."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Ixazomib Dose-escalating Strategy in Ixazomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone Treatment for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Boku, S; Higai, K; Kagoo, T; Niijima, D; Ogawa, C; Ohashi, Y; Tani, K; Ueno, H; Yachi, Y; Yano, T; Yatabe, M; Yokoyama, A, )	0.13
"This is the first study to characterize PK of pomalidomide in pediatric patients, which supports BSA-based dosing for pediatric patients."	( Recurrent or progressive pediatric brain tumors: population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analysis of pomalidomide. Benettaib, B; Kassir, N; Li, Y; Ogasawara, K; Palmisano, M; Wang, X; Zhou, S, 2021)	0.62
"This is the first study to characterize PK of pomalidomide in pediatric patients, which supports BSA-based dosing for pediatric patients."	( Recurrent or progressive pediatric brain tumors: population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analysis of pomalidomide. Benettaib, B; Kassir, N; Li, Y; Ogasawara, K; Palmisano, M; Wang, X; Zhou, S, 2021)	0.62
" The drug’s simple dosing schedule with mild side effect profile makes it a practical option for patients as combination therapy."	( Review of Apremilast Combination Therapies in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis. Ivanic, MG; Liao, W; Thatiparthi, A; Walia, S; Wu, JJ, 2021)	0.62
" Observational studies at our institution found low dosage adjunctive thalidomide safe in treating tuberculous mass lesions and blindness related to optochiasmatic arachnoiditis, with good clinical and radiological response."	( The use of thalidomide to treat children with tuberculosis meningitis: A review. Marceline van Furth, A; Schoeman, JF; Seddon, JA; Solomons, RS; van der Kuip, M; van Toorn, R; Zaharie, SD, 2021)	1.25
" Preliminary safety data, particularly the occurrence of cytopenias, can be used to guide dosing strategies for future combinations of venetoclax with immunomodulatory agents."	( A Phase II Study of Venetoclax in Combination With Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Abdallah, AO; Arriola, E; Bowles, KM; Bueno, OF; Coppola, S; Gasparetto, C; Mander, G; Mateos, MV; Morris, L; Ross, JA; Wang, J, 2021)	0.62
" We aimed to characterize the relationship between serum M-protein kinetics and PFS in the phase 3 ICARIA-MM trial (NCT02990338), and to evaluate an alternative dosing regimen of Isa by simulation."	( Joint modelling and simulation of M-protein dynamics and progression-free survival for alternative isatuximab dosing with pomalidomide/dexamethasone. Ayral, G; Cerou, M; Fau, JB; Gaudel, N; Sebastien, B; Semiond, D; Thai, HT; van de Velde, H; Veyrat-Follet, C, 2022)	0.72
" Trial simulations were then performed to evaluate whether efficacy is maintained after switching to a monthly dosing regimen."	( Joint modelling and simulation of M-protein dynamics and progression-free survival for alternative isatuximab dosing with pomalidomide/dexamethasone. Ayral, G; Cerou, M; Fau, JB; Gaudel, N; Sebastien, B; Semiond, D; Thai, HT; van de Velde, H; Veyrat-Follet, C, 2022)	0.72
" Developed models supported the phase III isatuximab dosing regimen selection/confirmation of 10 mg/kg qw/q2w for use in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone in patients with RRMM."	( Exposure-response analyses for selection/confirmation of optimal isatuximab dosing regimen in combination with pomalidomide/dexamethasone treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. Brillac, C; Fau, JB; Gaudel-Dedieu, N; Koiwai, K; Nguyen, L; Rachedi, F; Sebastien, B; Semiond, D; Thai, HT; van de Velde, H; Veyrat-Follet, C, 2022)	0.72
" Twice-weekly maintenance application of topical Cal/BD aerosolized foam has recently been shown to prolong time to remission and is associated with fewer relapses in patients initially treated with standard dosing of the formulation."	( The Maintenance Effect of Calcipotriene 0.05% and Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.064% (Cal/BD) Aerosol Foam in Combination With Apremilast. Kircik, L; Ozyurekoglu, E, 2022)	0.72
" Upon repeated dosing of Thali@PDA for one week, symptoms of IBD in mice were significantly relieved, and histomorphology of the colitis colons were normalized."	( Polydopamine-coated thalidomide nanocrystals promote DSS-induced murine colitis recovery through Macrophage M2 polarization together with the synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. Bai, Y; Fang, X; Fu, B; Huang, H; Li, X; Ma, C; Meng, Z; Miao, W; Ren, H; Shen, S; Tao, X; Wang, Y; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Yang, Z; Yong, J, 2023)	1.23
"The largest cohort of monogenic AIDs with the treatment of thalidomide demonstrated that thalidomide can help reduce disease activity and inflammation, reduce the dosage of glucocorticoids, and improve clinical outcomes."	( Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: a single-center, real-world-evidence study. Gao, S; Gou, L; Li, J; Ma, M; Song, H; Wang, C; Wang, L; Wang, W; Yu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhong, L; Zhou, Y, 2023)	1.46