Page last updated: 2024-12-06

1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Description

## 1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-cyanine: A Dyes with a Rich Research History

1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-cyanine, also known as **pinacyanol**, is a **cyanine dye** with a distinctive blue-green color. It holds significant importance in research due to its unique properties and applications, particularly in:

**1. Photography:**

* **Early use:** Pinacyanol was initially synthesized in 1917 and revolutionized black-and-white photography by **increasing sensitivity to red light**. This allowed for shorter exposure times, particularly for indoor photography, and marked a major advancement in the field.
* **Sensitizing agent:** It serves as a **spectral sensitizer** in photographic emulsions, increasing their sensitivity to specific wavelengths of light. This property makes it crucial for **color photography** and various specialized photographic applications.

**2. Spectroscopy and Microscopy:**

* **Fluorescent properties:** Pinacyanol exhibits **fluorescence** and can be utilized as a **fluorescent probe** in various analytical techniques.
* **Optical microscopy:** It has been employed for **staining biological samples** and for applications like **immunofluorescence microscopy**, allowing researchers to visualize specific cellular structures and processes.

**3. Organic Electronics:**

* **Organic semiconductors:** Its molecular structure and properties make it a potential candidate for use in **organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)** and other organic electronic devices.
* **Photovoltaics:** Research is exploring its potential application in **organic solar cells** for capturing solar energy.

**4. Biomedical Research:**

* **Diagnostic tools:** Its fluorescence properties are being explored for developing **biomedical probes** for diagnosis and research.
* **Therapeutic potential:** Preliminary studies suggest its potential for **photodynamic therapy**, a treatment that uses light to activate specific drugs.

**5. Other Areas:**

* **Optical sensors:** Pinacyanol has been used in the development of **optical sensors** for detecting various analytes, like heavy metals.
* **Organic chemistry:** It serves as a valuable reagent and building block for synthesizing other complex organic molecules.

**Overall, 1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-cyanine, despite being discovered over a century ago, remains a relevant and important compound in various fields of research. Its unique properties and applications continue to inspire scientists to explore its potential further.**

pseudoisocyanine: metachromatic quinoline tissue stain; may polymerize to yield different colors; also used in fluorescence cytochemistry may bind to DNA; minor descriptor (79-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search QUINOLINES (79-86); RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5464573
MeSH IDM0263190

Synonyms (12)

Synonym
pseudoisocyanine
nsc-97374
1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine
1-ethyl-2-((1-ethyl-2(1h)-quinolylidene)methyl)quinolinium
sq2a744rss ,
quinolinium, 1-ethyl-2-((1-ethyl-2(1h)-quinolinylidene)methyl)-
pseudocyanine
unii-sq2a744rss
diethylpseudoisocyanine
1-ethyl-2-[(1-ethyl-2(1h)-quinolinylidene)methyl]quinolinium
1-ethyl-2-((1-ethyl-2(1h)-quinolinylidene)methyl)quinolinium
1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-quinocyanine

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The organic cation transporter-3 (OCT3) is a glucocorticoid-sensitive uptake mechanism that has been shown to regulate the bioavailability of monoamines in brain regions that are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression."( Modulation of OCT3 expression by stress, and antidepressant-like activity of decynium-22 in an animal model of depression.
Devine, DP; Marcinkiewcz, CA, 2015
)
0.42
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine
quinolinesA class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (52)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19905 (9.62)18.7374
1990's4 (7.69)18.2507
2000's17 (32.69)29.6817
2010's20 (38.46)24.3611
2020's6 (11.54)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other58 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]