Page last updated: 2024-08-05 14:51:00

micronutrient

Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.

ChEBI ID: 27027

Members (33)

MemberDefinitionClass
adenosine monophosphateA purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.adenosine 5'-monophosphate
alpha-linolenic acidA linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect.alpha-linolenic acid
arginineAn L-alpha-amino acid that is the L-isomer of arginine.L-arginine
arsenicarsenic atom
asparagineAn optically active form of asparagine having L-configuration.L-asparagine zwitterion; L-asparagine
aspartameA dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl L-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener.aspartame zwitterion; aspartame
boronboron atom
chromiumA chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.chromium atom
citrullineThe L-enantiomer of citrulline.L-citrulline zwitterion; L-citrulline
cobaltA cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.cobalt atom
d-alpha tocopherolAn alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.(R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol
eicosapentaenoic acidAn icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid
glutamic acidAn optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration.L-glutamic acid
glutamineAn optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.L-glutamine zwitterion; L-glutamine
glycineThe simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain.glycine zwitterion; glycine
histidineThe L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.L-histidine zwitterion; L-histidine
lysineAn L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.L-Lysine zwitterion; L-lysine
manganesemanganese atom; manganese(0)
methionineThe L-enantiomer of methionine.L-methionine zwitterion; L-methionine
molybdenummolybdenum atom
nickelChemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.nickel atom
phenylalanineThe L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.L-phenylalanine zwitterion; L-phenylalanine
prolinePyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles.L-proline zwitterion; L-proline
s-adenosylmethionineA sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion; S-adenosyl-L-methionine
seleniumselenium atom
succinic acidAn alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.succinic acid
threonineAn optically active form of threonine having L-configuration.L-threonine zwitterion; L-threonine
tintin atom; tin(0)
tryptophanThe L-enantiomer of tryptophan.L-tryptophan zwitterion; L-tryptophan
tungstentungsten
tyrosineAn optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration.L-tyrosine zwitterion; L-tyrosine
valineThe L-enantiomer of valine.L-valine zwitterion; L-valine
vanadiumvanadium atom; vanadium(0)

Research

Studies (510,748)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-1990144,504 (28.29)18.7374
1990's81,354 (15.93)18.2507
2000's117,713 (23.05)29.6817
2010's123,098 (24.10)24.3611
2020's44,079 (8.63)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials17,048 (2.75%)5.53%
Reviews33,534 (5.41%)6.00%
Case Studies11,182 (1.81%)4.05%
Observational713 (0.12%)0.25%
Other556,877 (89.91%)84.16%

Protein Targets (358)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183812
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.968312
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.776211
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency34.314024
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.936514
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.9995716
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.153826
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.925212
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.510411
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency14.585925
beta-2 adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.596211
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.010725
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.118711
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency76.958811
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency76.958811
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.828026
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.787712
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.794512
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency22.411322
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency19.118012
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.125111
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.002525
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.962212
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.321624
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.308612
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.576612
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.608611
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.938722
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.896624
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.924425
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.0085613
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency67.962311
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.327658
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.1202112
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.565844
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.369333
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.153814
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.321612
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.420212
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.413026
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.200011
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.033228
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.959736
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.458111
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.074123
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency14.125412
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.905412
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency51.123113
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.652411
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589322
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.675022
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.699325
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency6.493712
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform IHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency58.626222
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.724627
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.398111
NFKB1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.251222
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.229646
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.320712
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.805522
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency4.547911
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency84.921412
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.0920510
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency41.880355
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency70.152117
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.125411
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.125411
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency65.962622
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency60.571511
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency2.301613
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.716316
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.585337
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.277623
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.833611
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.297122
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.297122
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.675022
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.323224
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency24.803312
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.815027
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency55.370225
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.015811
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.892535
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency47.441714
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.780524
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency51.102022
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.887714
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.782811

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12Ki6,300.000011
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki19.200011
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki40.000011
5'-nucleotidaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5080.200011
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki80.000011
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki580.000011
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki38.000011
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki38.000011
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)IC5077.525034
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme Bos taurus (cattle)IC5080.203333
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTOHomo sapiens (human)IC501,000.000011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.440011
Amino acid transporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC501,486.122269
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)Ki86.000011
AromataseHomo sapiens (human)IC5048.700012
Asc-type amino acid transporter 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5041.000011
ATP-citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki300.000011
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1Escherichia coli K-12Ki38,000.000012
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC501,000.000011
Cationic amino acid transporter 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50220.500012
Chain A, ADP-dependent glucokinasePyrococcus furiosusKi60.000011
Chain A, AminopeptidaseStreptomyces griseusKi11,366.666713
Chain A, Arginase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki3,600.000011
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASESaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)Ki50.000011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]Escherichia coliKi15.000011
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.821012
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidasePyrococcus furiosusKi150,000.000011
Chain A, phosphodiesterase-nucleotide pyrophosphataseXanthomonas citri pv. citri str. 306Ki260.000011
Chain A, Protein (peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (ppar-delta))Homo sapiens (human)IC504.000011
Chain A, Ribonuclease pancreaticBos taurus (cattle)Ki46.000012
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplastPisum sativum (garden pea)Ki36,600.000012
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.821011
Choline O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)IC501,800,000,000.000011
Coagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)IC5054.000012
cysteine protease ATG4B isoform aHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.300011
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.632011
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC502.600011
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrataseEscherichia coli K-12Ki12,500.000011
Dihydrofolate reductaseHomo sapiens (human)IC506,500.000011
Dihydrofolate reductaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki2,800.000011
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAPHomo sapiens (human)IC5080.200011
Egl nine homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)IC503,362.766733
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5076.450346
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki33.311412
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5065.978424
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki62.547812
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Homo sapiens (human)IC5041.119524
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki25.084812
Excitatory amino acid transporter 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5012.693024
Fatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki150,000.000011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.390011
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC502.64361111
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Sus scrofa (pig)IC501.300022
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50428.000022
Glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.613011
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.588544
Glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.360733
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.634522
Glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.613011
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.588544
Glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.940033
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.445245
Glutamate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)IC500.613011
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.588544
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.312244
Glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.613011
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.588544
Glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.868033
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.727022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.380035
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.701022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.128457
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.380035
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.106022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.956679
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.380035
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.789022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.420146
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.380035
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.063011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.380035
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.733733
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.063011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5042.2039910
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.227077
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.227077
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.227077
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DHomo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.227077
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.227077
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.070022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.227077
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.305767
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki4,400.000011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC5057.450012
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki48.650012
Glutathione S-transferase PHomo sapiens (human)IC500.500011
Glycine--tRNA ligaseBombyx mori (domestic silkworm)Ki80.000011
Histamine H3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.800012
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50498.700011
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12Ki450.000011
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphataseBos taurus (cattle)IC5080.206055
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphataseHomo sapiens (human)IC5047.550034
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50115.8182311
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki55.000011
Lysine-specific demethylase 4EHomo sapiens (human)IC50710.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.606733
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.340011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.650044
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki9.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki5.600044
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki3.400022
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Homo sapiens (human)Ki4.316733
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki38.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki5,400.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)IC500.005711
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8Homo sapiens (human)Ki9.500011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki3.400022
MyeloperoxidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC502.250011
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki5,000.000011
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki2,350.000012
Neutral amino acid transporter AHomo sapiens (human)IC502,056.000013
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)Homo sapiens (human)IC503,738.333313
Nitric oxide synthase, brainHomo sapiens (human)Ki2,350.000012
Nitric oxide synthase, brain Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2,350.000012
Oxoeicosanoid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC502.000011
Phospholipase A-2-activating proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC505.000012
phospholipase A2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)IC5022.300011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylaseParamecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1IC501,000.000012
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki4.000011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)IC5053.000012
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2Ovis aries (sheep)IC509.550012
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.000211
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)IC500.100011
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki3,350.000012
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)Ki7.632011
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyaseBacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168Ki61.000011
Serine racemaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki366.000011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2Mus musculus (house mouse)IC502,238.720011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3Mus musculus (house mouse)IC501,348.960011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5068.800022
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50128.000011
Solute carrier family 13 member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50107.000011
Stromelysin-1Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011
Substance-P receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50500.000013
Tissue factorHomo sapiens (human)IC5054.000012
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5070.000022
TrypsinSus scrofa (pig)IC50200.000012
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki11,500.000011
Tubulin--tyrosine ligaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki25.000011
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5030.000011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.978612

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthaseBurkholderia pseudomallei K96243Kd1,000.000011
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12Kd5,000.000011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC503.709522
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.700011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)EC503.650022
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)EC502.939733
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.700011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)EC505.900011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)EC502.939733
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.700011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)EC505.900011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)EC505.900011
Adenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)EC500.500011
Alpha-tocopherol transfer proteinHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.420011
Chain A, Aspartate AminotransferaseEscherichia coliKd2,400.000011
Chain A, Glutamine Binding ProteinEscherichia coliKd0.500011
Chain A, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd101.800015
Chain A, HISTIDINE-BINDING PROTEINEscherichia coliKd0.064011
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetaseEscherichia coliKd11.000012
Chain A, Protein (aspartate Aminotransferase)Escherichia coliKd2,400.000011
Chain A, Slr1257 proteinSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substr. KazusaKd0.240011
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation ProteinGeobacillus stearothermophilusKd7.500011
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASEGeobacillus stearothermophilusKd11.600011
Chain B, Glycogen Phosphorylase BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd85.333313
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetaseDeinococcus radioduransKd30.000011
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase IIDeinococcus radioduransKd30.000011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEINSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar TyphimuriumKd0.257016
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation ProteinGeobacillus stearothermophilusKd7.500011
Egl nine homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Kd100.000022
Free fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC505.067345
Free fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC502.918022
Glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50792,445,056.07621220
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5027.379967
Glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC50722,116,393.1444811
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC501,482,620,106.940045
Glutamate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)EC502,264,128,594.871857
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5054.804856
Glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC509,952,675,009.424424
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5018.639245
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5057.333333
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50129.163323
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Homo sapiens (human)EC5025.000022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5065.961523
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.89591213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC501.122367
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.485655
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.319655
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.185855
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.129333
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.129333
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC5094.749612
Histidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12Kd0.114011
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)EC507.400011
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)EC507.400011
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)Kd650.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5045.237544
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5013.15121012
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC507.38491213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC508.7450810
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)EC502.857255
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC501.629434
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC5014.933333
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC506.3776810
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Homo sapiens (human)EC50163.550044
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC506.4817810
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)EC5098.300033
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5035.700055
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)EC50625.295044
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50800.000023
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8Mus musculus (house mouse)EC500.022011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5014.493333
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein NahYPseudomonas putidaKd82.000011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)Kd245.000022
Nitric oxide synthase, inducibleHomo sapiens (human)Kd7.000022
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2Homo sapiens (human)EC501.251022
Olfactory receptor 51E2Homo sapiens (human)EC500.058011
P2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC504.350012
P2Y purinoceptor 1Meleagris gallopavo (turkey)EC503.150012
P2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)EC5017.250011
P2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC501.892512
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.000012
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.001111
ProthrombinHomo sapiens (human)EC507.400011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)KA113.000011
5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)Km14.000011
Adenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)Km32.800011
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA3.641313
Adenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA3.641316
Adenylate cyclase type 5Homo sapiens (human)Km15.600011
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Km380.000011
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km85.000022
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)Km175.000011
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km580.000011
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)Km441.000011
Carbonic anhydraseCandida albicans SC5314KA26.225014
Carbonic anhydraseMethanosarcina thermophilaKA49.500014
Carbonic anhydraseMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta HKa41.600014
Carbonic anhydraseSaccharomyces cerevisiae S288CKa86.000028
Carbonic anhydrase Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubiiKA36.825014
Carbonic anhydrase Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138Ka23.350014
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Activity0.030011
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)KA11.57131753
Carbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)KA22.297137
Carbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)KA0.565012
Carbonic anhydrase 13Mus musculus (house mouse)KA8.287524
Carbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)Ka8.082937
Carbonic anhydrase 15Mus musculus (house mouse)KA21.975014
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Activity10.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)KA18.01702062
Carbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)Ka31.0364411
Carbonic anhydrase 4Bos taurus (cattle)KA39.000022
Carbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)KA25.3462513
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)KA3.851437
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ka3.459137
Carbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)KA14.1483412
Carbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)KA22.510037
Carbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)KA20.152548
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putativeTrypanosoma cruzi strain CL BrenerKA33.387117
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)Activity25.000011
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)Km8.550022
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2Homo sapiens (human)Km21.000022
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Homo sapiens (human)Km17.450022
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ks5.100011
General amino-acid permease GAP1Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CKm37.000011
Glutamate 5-kinaseEscherichia coli K-12I0.52.500011
Glutamate racemaseEnterococcus faecalis V583Km1,200.000011
Glutamate racemaseHelicobacter pylori 26695Km5,176.666733
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA22.412514
GTP:AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrialRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km85.000022
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Homo sapiens (human)Km15.000011
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)Km12.600022
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Activity1.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)Activity4.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)Activity9.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)Activity12.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Homo sapiens (human)Activity4.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Activity20.000011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Activity5,400.000011
Monocarboxylate transporter 10Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km4,443.333313
NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Activity2,100.000011
Nitric oxide synthase, brainHomo sapiens (human)Activity14.500011
Nitric oxide synthase, brain Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km2.700011
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelialBos taurus (cattle)Activity25.000011
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelialBos taurus (cattle)Km1.100011
Nitric oxide synthase, inducibleHomo sapiens (human)Activity14.000011
Nitric oxide synthase, inducibleHomo sapiens (human)Km5.700022
Nitric oxide synthase, inducibleMus musculus (house mouse)Km9.500011
Plasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)KA3.088514
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusKm230.000022
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km42.800022
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km10.300022
SLC16A10 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Km609.666713
Taste receptor type 2 member 14Homo sapiens (human)Activity1,000.000011
Tryprostatin B synthaseAspergillus fumigatus Af293Km820.000011
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Km167.000011