monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:dgf, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]

Monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity refers to the movement of single-atom negatively charged ions across cell membranes. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, ion gradients, and various physiological functions. These transporters facilitate the passage of anions, such as chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and iodide (I-), across the lipid bilayer, a normally impermeable barrier. The movement of these anions can be either passive, driven by the concentration gradient and electrochemical potential, or active, requiring energy input to move ions against their concentration gradients.

Monoatomic anion transmembrane transporters are often highly specific for particular ions, exhibiting selectivity based on size, charge, and hydration properties. They play a vital role in numerous cellular processes, including:

- **Neurotransmission:** Chloride transporters are involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability, contributing to the generation and propagation of nerve impulses.
- **Acid-base balance:** Bicarbonate transporters are essential for maintaining pH homeostasis in the blood and other tissues, facilitating the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a waste product.
- **Cellular volume regulation:** Anion transporters help regulate cell volume by controlling the movement of water and ions across the membrane.
- **Electrolyte balance:** These transporters play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of electrolytes, such as chloride and bicarbonate, in various bodily fluids.
- **Signal transduction:** Some anion transporters participate in signaling pathways by mediating the transport of second messengers, like chloride ions, which regulate cellular responses to stimuli.
- **Hormonal regulation:** Anion transporters are involved in the regulation of hormone secretion and function.

Monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity is a complex and essential process, underpinning a wide array of vital cellular functions. Their dysregulation can lead to various diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding and studying these transporters.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (13)