sevoflurane profile

Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent that is commonly used for general anesthesia. It is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a sweet odor. It is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions involving the reaction of hexafluoropropene with 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Sevoflurane has a rapid onset and offset of action, making it suitable for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It has been shown to be effective in inducing unconsciousness, amnesia, and analgesia. Sevoflurane has also been shown to have anticonvulsant properties. Sevoflurane is widely studied because of its favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, making it a safe and effective anesthetic agent for various surgical procedures. It is also studied for its potential to reduce postoperative pain and nausea. The importance of sevoflurane lies in its role as a reliable and commonly used anesthetic agent that contributes significantly to the safety and well-being of patients undergoing surgery.'

Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5206
CHEMBL ID	1200694
CHEBI ID	9130
SCHEMBL ID	61918
MeSH ID	M0053801

Synonym
AC-15484
mr6s4
sevofrane
ultane
sevorane
sevoflurano [inn-spanish]
propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-
fluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether
fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether
sevofluranum [inn-latin]
bax 3084
ether, fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl-
sojourn
brn 2041023
fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether
28523-86-6
sevoflurane
C07520
DB01236
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane
sevofluran
ultane (tn)
D00547
sevoflurane (jp17/usan/inn)
NCGC00167421-01
F0691 ,
fluoromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl ether
sevocalm
sevoflo
nsc-760367
CHEMBL1200694
mr-6s4
CHEBI:9130 ,
sevofluranum
sevoflurano
HMS3264N21
AKOS007930500
dtxsid8046614 ,
cas-28523-86-6
tox21_112425
dtxcid6026614
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane;sevoflurane
A819479
pharmakon1600-01503680
nsc760367
sevoflurane [usan:usp:inn:ban:jan]
hsdb 8059
petrem
nsc 760367
unii-38lvp0k73a
38lvp0k73a ,
1173021-96-9
FT-0605909
propane,1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-
gtpl7296
(cf3)2choch2f
sevoflurane [who-dd]
sevoflurane [ep impurity]
sevoflurane [mart.]
sevoflurane [vandf]
sevoflurane [usp impurity]
sevoflurane [jan]
sevoflurane [usp monograph]
sevoflurane [inn]
sevoflurane [ep monograph]
sevoflurane [usan]
sevoflurane [green book]
sevoflurane [usp-rs]
sevoflurane [ema epar veterinary]
sevoflurane [orange book]
sevoflurane [mi]
CCG-213707
SCHEMBL61918
NCGC00167421-02
AB01563174_01
mfcd00153189
J-524240
sr-01000944968
SR-01000944968-1
Q419394
AS-13261
D78401
6-chlorobenzimidazole-4-carboxylicacid
S2464
fluoromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl ether (sevoflurane)
fluoromethyl 2h-hexafluoroprop-2-yl ether
EN300-123016
sevospire
sevoflurane bostonbio
fluoromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether
sevoflurane (ep monograph)
n01ab08
flurovesstm
sevoflurane (usp-rs)
sevoflurane (ep impurity)
sevoflurane (ema epar veterinary)
sevoflurane (usp impurity)
sevoflurane (mart.)
sevoflurane (usp monograph)
Z1269113624
sevoflurane-d3, fluoromethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether-d3, fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether-d3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sevoflurane is a widely used volatile anesthetic, that can cause long-term neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment. "	( LncRNA Neat1/miR-298-5p/Srpk1 Contributes to Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity. Chen, L; Wei, X; Xu, S, 2021)	2.32
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a commonly used anesthetic in hospitals that can cause neurotoxicity. "	( A new mechanism of POCD caused by sevoflurane in mice: cognitive impairment induced by cross-dysfunction of iron and glucose metabolism. Chang, Y; Gao, G; Ge, X; Li, X; Li, Y; Shi, Z; Thirupathi, A; Xie, J; Yu, P; Zhou, C; Zuo, Y, 2021)	2.34
"Sevoflurane is a volatile liquid from the family of ether-derived alogenated hydrocarbons that is approved for the induction and maintenance of inhalational general anesthesia in the hospital setting. "	( Topical sevofluran: a galenic experience. Cortiñas-Sáenz, M; Fernández-Ginés, FD; Gerónimo-Pardo, M, 2021)	2.06
"Sevoflurane (SEV) is a common anesthetic to inhibit glioma progression. "	( Sevoflurane represses the progression of glioma by the regulation of circ_0037655/miR-130a-5p/RPN2 axis. Huang, G; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Xie, B; Zhu, J, 2022)	3.61
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is widely used in pediatric anesthesia due to its low toxicity. "	( Repeated Neonatal Exposure to Sevoflurane Induces Age-Dependent Impairments in Cognition and Synaptic Plasticity in Mice. Du, Y; Hu, C; Li, Y; Liu, J; Pan, C; Shi, D; Zhao, X, 2022)	2.45
"Sevoflurane is a common used inhaled anesthetic that was reported to regulate the progression of multiple cancers. "	( Sevoflurane inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioma through regulating miR-146b-5p/NFIB axis. Cheng, G; Feng, Y; Li, X; Pan, H; Qu, H; Quan, L; Shi, X; Wang, H; Yang, A; Ye, J, 2022)	3.61
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a widely used inhalational anesthetic for general anesthesia in children. "	( Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Developing Hippocampus via HIPK2/AKT/mTOR Signaling. Fan, Z; He, D; Kang, J; Liang, L; Liu, B; Ma, T; Zeng, T; Zhang, H; Zhao, Y, 2022)	3.61
"Sevoflurane is a general anesthetic agent which is commonly used in clinical practice."	( Sevoflurane Induces Neurotoxicity in the Animal Model with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology via Modulating Glutamate Transporter and Neuronal Apoptosis. Chang, RCC; Chu, JMT; Huang, C; Kwong, VSW; Liu, Y; Wong, GTC, 2022)	2.89
"Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic and is widely used in pediatric clinical surgery to induce and maintain anesthesia through inhalation. "	( miRNA-384-3p alleviates sevoflurane-induced nerve injury by inhibiting Aak1 kinase in neonatal rats. Chen, Y; Gao, X; Pei, H, 2022)	2.47
"Sevoflurane is a widely used anesthetic agent and is reported to play an anti-tumor action in many cancers. "	( Sevoflurane suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell progression via circ_0001649/miR-19a-3p/SGTB axis. Gong, J; Liu, J; Sun, N; Yang, X; Zhang, W, 2023)	3.8
"Sevoflurane acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor agonist and can induce widespread apoptosis of immature dentate granule cells in postnatal day 21 mice. "	( Bumetanide attenuates sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing dentate gyrus and impaired behavior in the contextual fear discrimination learning test. Deng, M; Li, Y; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Wang, Y; Wei, K; Yang, X, 2022)	2.48
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a commonly used surgical anaesthetic; it has neurotoxic effects on the brain. "	( Echinatin mitigates sevoflurane-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits through mitigation of iron overload and oxidative stress. Li, F; Tang, Q; Wang, J; Xu, Z; You, Y; Zeng, H; Zhao, T, 2022)	2.49
"Sevoflurane is a widely used general anaesthetic in paediatric patients. "	( Repeated sevoflurane exposures inhibit neurogenesis by inducing the upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 in astrocytes. Feng, C; Kong, F; Wang, T; Wu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhong, L, 2023)	2.77
"Sevoflurane is a safe and well-known inhaled anesthetic. "	( Effects of Sevoflurane Exposure on Fetal Brain Development Using Cerebral Organoids. Bae, DH; Bang, YS; Cho, CH; Choi, WH; Lee, JA; Yoo, J, 2022)	2.55
"Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in pediatric surgery. "	( Effect of sevoflurane anesthesia to neonatal rat hippocampus by RNA-seq. Dai, X; Feng, J; Jiang, M; Li, G; Liu, Z; Zhang, X, 2023)	2.76
"Sevoflurane (SEV) is a commonly used anesthetic in pediatric surgery. "	( Engeletin ameliorates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment by activating PPAR-gamma in neonatal mice. Jiang, S; Wang, X; Xiong, Y, 2023)	2.67
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a wildly used volatile anesthetic agent that induces neurotoxicity. "	( Knockdown of lncRNA NKILA suppresses sevoflurane-induced neuronal cell injury partially by targeting miR-205-5p/ELAVL1 axis. Chen, C; Zhang, Y, 2023)	2.63
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a type of volatile anesthetic commonly used in clinic practices and can initiate long-term neurotoxicity, while dexmedetomidine (Dex) possesses a neuroprotective function in multiple neurological disorders."	( Neuroprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine Pretreatment on Sevoflurane- Initiated Neurotoxicity Li, F; Liu, P; Qiao, H; Wang, R, 2023)	2.6
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent that does not tend to cause clinically significant hepatotoxicity, but there are some reported hepatotoxicity cases in the literature. "	( Acute Fulminant Hepatic Failure Caused by Sevoflurane Linked to Influenza A. Arslan, G; Karaarslan, U; Koker, A; Köroğlu, T; Özden, Ö, 2023)	2.62
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a commonly used volatile anesthetic that might suppress the process of breast cancer. "	( Sevoflurane suppresses the malignant progression of breast cancer via the hsa_circ_0000129/miR-578/EPSTI1 axis. Chen, T; Lin, Q; Lin, W; Wang, L; Zeng, X; Zheng, Q, 2023)	3.8
"Sevoflurane is a new inhaled anesthetic, which has better physical properties than the existing inhalational anesthetics, rapid induction, less tissue uptake, and faster recovery. "	( Fgf2 and Ptpn11 play a role in cerebral injury caused by sevoflurane anesthesia. Xu, L; Zhang, L, 2023)	2.6
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic characterized by low toxicity and is the most used in pediatric age. "	( Acute liver failure after sevoflurane anesthesia in a pediatric patient. Benito Gutiérrez, M; Bermúdez Barrezueta, L; Herraiz Cristóbal, R; Martínez Rafael, B; Pino Vázquez, A, 2019)	2.26
"Sevoflurane is a halogen inhaled anesthetic, and we aimed to probe the effect of sevoflurane on proliferation and invasion of human ovarian cancer (OC) and its mechanism."	( Sevoflurane Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Regulating JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Kang, K; Wang, Y, 2019)	3.4
"Sevoflurane is a widely used obstetric general anesthetic, but the neurotoxic effects of late-pregnancy exposure to one minimum alveolar concentration ([MAC], 2.5%) of sevoflurane on offspring remain unclear. "	( Effects of Sevoflurane Exposure During Late Pregnancy on Brain Development and Beneficial Effects of Enriched Environment on Offspring Cognition. Cui, J; Junzhang, P; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yu, Z, 2020)	2.39
"Sevoflurane is a widely used anesthetics, however, it has been reported that sevoflurane has neurotoxic effects. "	( Study on the ameliorating effect of miR-221-3p on the nerve cells injury induced by sevoflurane. Gong, J; Liu, K; Lu, Q; Tian, X; Wang, Q, 2022)	2.39
"Sevoflurane is a commonly used general anesthetic in the hospitals, which can induce neurotoxicity and cause cognitive impairment in fetuses, infants, children, and adults."	( Prenatal sevoflurane exposure: Effects of iron metabolic dysfunction on offspring cognition and potential mechanism. Chang, Y; Shi, Z; Thirupathi, A; Zhou, C; Zuo, Y, 2021)	1.76
"Sevoflurane is a most frequently used volatile anesthetics, but its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. "	( Transcriptome analysis of sevoflurane exposure effects at the different brain regions. Asahara, H; Chiba, T; Inotsume, M; Ishikawa, C; Kurimoto, R; Li, H; Matsushima, T; Muratani, M; Shiga, T; Uchida, T; Uchida, Y; Yamamoto, H, 2020)	2.3
"Sevoflurane is a common inhalational anesthetic, which has been revealed to have anticancer effect in glioma. "	( Sevoflurane suppresses glioma tumorigenesis via regulating circ_0079593/miR-633/ROCK1 axis. Cheng, J; Cheng, S, 2021)	3.51
"Sevoflurane (SEV) is a typical volatile anaesthetic and has an antitumour activity in various cancer cells. "	( Sevoflurane inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis by miR-144-3p/YAP1 axis. He, K; Shen, J; Yang, L; Yao, S; Zhang, Y, 2021)	3.51
"Sevoflurane is an important volatile anesthetic which has been reported to reduce myocardial I/R damage and infarct size."	( Protective effects of sevoflurane in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury: a narrative review. Chen, G; Li, HY; Liang, TY; Ma, M; Peng, SY; Wang, Z, )	1.17
"Sevoflurane (Sev) is a rapidly acting, potent inhalation anesthetic with rapid uptake and elimination. "	( P300 Inhibition Improves Cell Apoptosis and Cognition Impairment Induced by Sevoflurane Through Regulating IL-17A Activation. Chen, A; Cheng, Y; Tan, B, 2021)	2.29
"Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic agent that has been available for the past 3 decades."	( Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Niche Role for Sevoflurane. Andrade, C, 2021)	1.59
"Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhaled general anesthetic. "	( Photoaffinity Ligand for the Inhalational Anesthetic Sevoflurane Allows Mechanistic Insight into Potassium Channel Modulation. Bhanu, N; Covarrubias, M; Dailey, WP; Eckenhoff, RG; Garcia, BA; Jacobs, JA; Liang, Q; Loll, PJ; Maciunas, L; Peng, W; Woll, KA; Zhi, L, 2017)	2.15
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic commonly used to maintain anesthesia in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). "	( Patients Undergoing Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Require Lower Concentrations of the Volatile Anesthetic Sevoflurane. Allhutter, A; Baron, DM; Baron-Stefaniak, J; Berlakovich, G; Faybik, P; Götz, V; Hamp, T; Plöchl, W; Schiefer, J, 2017)	2.11
"Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic."	( Personalized analysis of pathway aberrance induced by sevoflurane and propofol. Chu, X; Cong, J; Zhang, H; Zheng, X, 2017)	1.42
"Sevoflurane is an anesthetic that is commonly used in children during surgery."	( Roscovitine, a CDK5 Inhibitor, Alleviates Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Regulation Tau/GSK3β and ERK/PPARγ/CREB Signaling. Cai, L; Guo, G; Liu, J; Wu, H; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2017)	1.44
"Sevoflurane is a general anesthetic, which has been found to cause cognitive and memory deficit in elderly. "	( Autophagy induction by hispidulin provides protection against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in aged rats. Huang, K; Huang, L; Ning, H, 2018)	2.16
"Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anesthetic. "	( MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2. Niu, Z; Wang, L; Wu, S; Zheng, M, 2018)	2.21
"Sevoflurane is a widely used volatile anesthetic in the clinical setting."	( Sevoflurane exaggerates cognitive decline in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia by aggravating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via downregulation of PPAR-γ in the hippocampus. Dong, P; Li, D; Li, L; Li, N; Lu, L; Yang, B; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhao, J, 2018)	2.64
"Sevoflurane is an experimental potent yet volatile anesthesia agent characterized by a low blood/gas partition coefficient. "	( MicroRNA-96 is responsible for sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats via inhibiting IGF1R. Niu, JJ; Wei, YS; Xu, C; Zhou, JF, 2019)	2.24
"Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic agent used in surgical settings and previous studies have indicated that it exerts a neurotoxic effect. "	( Sevoflurane‑induced neurotoxicity is driven by OXR1 post‑transcriptional downregulation involving hsa‑miR‑302e. Lei, X; Peng, J; Shen, Q; Xia, Y; Yang, L, 2018)	3.37
"Sevoflurane anesthesia is a high-risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients. "	( Role of dexmedetomidine in reducing the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction caused by sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma. Qiao, Y; Wu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 2018)	2.14
"Sevoflurane is a widely used volatile anesthetic in clinical practice."	( Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) alleviates the learning and memory impairment in rat offspring caused by maternal sevoflurane exposure during late gestation. Feng, N; Hu, Y; Li, M; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Luo, F; Wu, L; Xu, L; Yu, Q; Zhao, W, 2019)	1.44
"Sevoflurane is a widely used anesthetic. "	( Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice. Li, S; Wang, G; Zhou, H, 2019)	2.27
"Sevoflurane is a widely used inhaled anesthetic, which triggers neuroapoptosis and oxidative damage in the developing central nervous system and cognitive dysfunction later in life. "	( Pre-administration of luteoline attenuates neonatal sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Wang, C; Wang, G; Wang, Y; Yang, H; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.21
"Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic that can induce developmental neurotoxicity, leading to cognitive dysfunction. "	( Protective effects of TRPV1 inhibition against sevoflurane-induced cell death. Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Sun, C; Wang, Z; Yang, H, 2019)	2.21
"Sevoflurane is a widely used anesthetics in surgery and considered as a safe reagent for clinical use. "	( Midazolam prevents sevoflurane-induced death in hippocampal neurons. Cui, C; Long, R; Ma, J; Yu, D; Zhu, Y, 2019)	2.29
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent that has become popular in the field of large animal anesthesia. "	( Evaluation of Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Donkeys (Equus asinus) Premedicated With Xylazine and Induced With Thiopental. Alshoshan, AA; Alsobayil, FA; El-Shafaey, ES; Sadan, M, 2019)	2.32
"Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic widely used in clinical practice."	( Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer-related neuropathology induced by sevoflurane in mice. Chang, YZ; Gao, G; Ge, X; Israr, M; Li, B; Shi, Z; Yu, P; Zhang, Y; Zuo, Y, 2019)	1.45
"Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic in pediatric surgeries, which is considered reasonably safe and reversible upon withdrawal. "	( Role of the GABAA receptors in the long-term cognitive impairments caused by neonatal sevoflurane exposure. Huang, Z; Li, T; Tan, S; Wang, X; Zou, J, 2019)	2.18
"Sevoflurane is a new type of inhalation anesthetic used widely in the clinic. "	( Sevoflurane downregulates insulin-like growth factor-1 to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and trigger apoptosis in glioma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Gao, C; He, XF; Shen, J; Xu, QR; Xu, YJ, 2019)	3.4
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent widely used in clinical applications."	( Sevoflurane inhibits the progression of PTC by downregulating miR-155. Li, Y; Pang, T; Qiu, JL; Wang, H; Zeng, QG; Zhang, XX, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane is an anesthetic agent which also participates in protective mechanisms in sepsis, likely due to anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on cell death, inflammation and TLR expression in human endothelial cells exposed to LPS. Álvarez, J; Baluja, A; Brea, D; Rodríguez, A; Rodríguez, J; Rodríguez-González, R; Taboada, M; Veiras Del Río, S, 2013)	2.22
"Sevoflurane is a well tolerated induction agent that rarely causes seizures in children, but may cause awareness if the inspired concentration is prematurely reduced. "	( Controversies in pediatric anesthesia: sevoflurane and fluid management. Gueli, SL; Lerman, J, 2013)	2.1
"Sevoflurane is a known triggering agent of malignant hyperthermia (MH). "	( Sevoflurane is less sensitive than halothane for in vitro detection of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Heiderich, S; Johannsen, S; Klingler, W; Roewer, N; Schneiderbanger, D; Schuster, F, 2013)	3.28
"Sevoflurane is a general anesthetic commonly used in the pediatric setting because it is sweet-smelling, nonflammable, fast acting and has a very short recovery time. "	( Early life exposure to sevoflurane impairs adulthood spatial memory in the rat. Guo, X; Liu, Y; Shen, R; Shen, X; Wang, F; Xu, S; Zhao, Q, 2013)	2.14
"Sevoflurane is an ideal agent for anesthesia since its respiratory irritant effect is minimal during mask induction. "	( Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and remiphentanyl on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in adults undergoing septoplasty operation: a randomized double-blind trial. Batuman, A; Durukan, P; Emre, C; Ethemoglu, FB; Kavalci, G, 2013)	2.05
"Sevoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic in children."	( Sevoflurane induces tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation in young mice. Crosby, G; Culley, DJ; Dong, Y; Tao, G; Xie, Z; Yu, B; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2014)	2.57
"Sevoflurane is an inhaled volatile anaesthetic that is widely used in paediatric anaesthetic practice. "	( Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children. Ahmed, S; Burgoyne, LL; Chooi, C; Costi, D; Cyna, AM; Ellwood, J; Larsson, JN; Middleton, P; Stephens, K; Strickland, P, 2014)	2.23
"Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic that is widely used in clinical practice, particularly for pediatric anesthesia. "	( Single sevoflurane exposure increases methyl-CpG island binding protein 2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of developing mice. Cang, J; Han, XD; Li, M; Xue, ZG; Zhang, XG, 2015)	2.31
"Sevoflurane is a common operating room anesthetic and can be used in the intensive care medicine as well."	( Sevoflurane exposure prevents diaphragmatic oxidative stress during mechanical ventilation but reduces force and affects protein metabolism even during spontaneous breathing in a rat model. Bergs, I; Bleilevens, C; Breuer, T; Bruells, CS; Gayan-Ramirez, G; Maes, K; Marx, G; Rossaint, R; Scheers, H, 2015)	2.58
"Sevoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic."	( Sevoflurane suppresses hypoxia-induced growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells via inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Lai, XH; Liang, H; Liao, MJ; Liu, HZ; Wang, HB; Yang, CX; Zhang, B; Zhang, T, 2015)	2.58
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that has been widely used in general anesthesia, yet its safety in pediatric use is a public concern. "	( Potential Adverse Effects of Prolonged Sevoflurane Exposure on Developing Monkey Brain: From Abnormal Lipid Metabolism to Neuronal Damage. Frisch-Daiello, JL; Han, X; Liu, F; Patterson, TA; Paule, MG; Rainosek, SW; Slikker, W; Wang, C, 2015)	2.13
"Sevoflurane is an inhalation anesthetic that has cardioprotective effects. "	( One-year outcome of the sevoflurane in acute myocardial infarction randomized trial. Alemayehu, M; Lavi, R; Lavi, S; McCarty, D; Warrington, J, 2015)	2.17
"Sevoflurane is an inhalational agent of choice in paediatric anaesthesia. "	( Comparison of sevoflurane concentration for insertion of proseal laryngeal mask airway and tracheal intubation in children (correlation with BIS). Mudakanagoudar, MS; Santhosh, MC, )	1.93
"Sevoflurane is a widely used anaesthetic agent, including in anaesthesia of children and infants. "	( α-Lipoic acid inhibits sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Ding, Z; Dong, H; Ma, R; Peng, P; Wang, L; Wang, X; Xiong, J, 2016)	2.19
"Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic commonly used in the pediatric. "	( Neuronal apoptosis may not contribute to the long-term cognitive dysfunction induced by a brief exposure to 2% sevoflurane in developing rats. Hu, R; Huang, Y; Jiang, H; Jiang, J; Lu, Y; Yan, J; Yang, Y, 2016)	2.09
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic gradually used in recent years."	( Safety Evaluation of Sevoflurane as Anesthetic Agent in Mouse Model of Myocardial Ischemic Infarction. Cheng, X; Han, P; Hou, J; Kang, YJ; Liu, J; Sheng, Q; Sun, X, 2017)	1.5
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is frequently used for pediatric anesthesia."	( Neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against sevoflurane‑induced neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus of neonatal rats involve MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Han, YZ; Tang, ZJ; Wang, LY, 2016)	1.39
"Sevoflurane is a frequently-used clinical inhalational anaesthetic and can cause toxicity to embryos during foetal development. "	( Sevoflurane represses the self-renewal ability by regulating miR-7a,7b/Klf4 signalling pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells. Chen, Q; Fei, X; Li, B; Li, G; Liu, J; Lv, D; Ma, J; Song, Q; Sun, N; Wang, Q; Yang, L, 2016)	3.32
"Sevoflurane appeared to be a suitable volatile anaesthetic for maintenance of routine clinical anaesthesia in dogs."	( Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane in dogs anaesthetised for clinical surgical or diagnostic procedures. Bennett, RC; Brown, AJ; Fancy, SP; Taylor, PM; Walsh, CM, 2008)	2.15
"Sevoflurane is a popular inhalational anesthetic for general anesthesia in children. "	( Greater incidence of emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane anesthesia as compared with halothane: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Kuratani, N; Oi, Y, 2008)	2.03
"Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic whose periods of action and elimination are very short."	( Sevoflurane for central venous catheterization in non-intubated neonates. Di Marco, JN; Hassid, S; Martin, C; Michel, F; Vialet, R, 2009)	2.52
"Sevoflurane appears to be a new agent at the disposal of neonatologists."	( Sevoflurane for central venous catheterization in non-intubated neonates. Di Marco, JN; Hassid, S; Martin, C; Michel, F; Vialet, R, 2009)	2.52
"Sevoflurane is a widely used volatile agent in neuroanaesthesia, and its nonirritant properties on the respiratory tract make sevoflurane suitable for volatile induction/maintenance of anaesthesia (VIMA). "	( Volatile induction/maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane increases jugular venous oxygen saturation and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients undergoing craniotomy. Li, J; Liao, R; Liu, J, 2010)	2.06
"Sevoflurane is a widely used halogenated inhalation anaesthetic. "	( Fatal subacute liver failure after repeated administration of sevoflurane anaesthesia. Ferlan-Marolt, V; Ribnikar, M; Zizek, B; Zizek, D, 2010)	2.04
"Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalation anesthetic, but there are no studies on its effect on the wound-healing process. "	( Effects of sevoflurane on collagen production and growth factor expression in rats with an excision wound. Bae, JH; Baek, SH; Baik, SW; Choi, HJ; Choi, KU; Jeon, YH; Kim, HK; Kim, WS; Kwon, JY; Lee, HJ; Shin, SW, 2010)	2.19
"Sevoflurane is a halogenated fluorinated ether that undergoes hepatic biotransformation through cytochrome P4502E1. "	( Evaluation of antioxidant parameters in rats treated with sevoflurane. Almeida, Md; Bezerra, FJ; do Vale, NB; Macedo, Bde O; Rezende, AA, )	1.82
"Sevoflurane is a potent non-toxic inducer of the hepatoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). "	( Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by sevoflurane is not dependent on Kupffer cells and associates with ERK1/2 and AP-1 activation in the rat liver. Goebel, U; Hoetzel, A; Laqua, J; Pietsch, U; Schmidt, R; Schwer, CI; Stein, P; Stoll, P, 2010)	2.08
"Sevoflurane is an anesthetic for the general anesthesia. "	( The general anesthetic sevoflurane affects the expression of clock gene mPer2 accompanying the change of NAD+ level in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice. Iijima, N; Kadota, K; Ohe, Y; Ozawa, H; Sakamoto, A, 2011)	2.12
"Sevoflurane is an effective and safe alternative to midazolam in ICU patients associated with a moderate increase in costs."	( [Efficacy, safety and cost of sedation with sevoflurane in intensive care unit]. Arnal, JM; Bisbal, M; Corno, G; Demory, D; Donati, SY; Durand-Gasselin, J; Granier, I; Passelac, A; Sallée, M, 2011)	2.07
"Sevoflurane is a new inhalation anesthetic agent commonly used in the clinic."	( Chronic exposure of gestation rat to sevoflurane impairs offspring brain development. Cheng, Y; Liu, G; Tian, X; Tu, X; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2012)	1.37
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent that reduces cerebral metabolism and thereby may reduce neuronal damage during energy deprivation. "	( Sevoflurane improves electrophysiological recovery of rat hippocampal slice CA1 pyramidal neurons after hypoxia. Cottrell, JE; Kass, IS; Matei, G; McCadden, T; Pavlik, R, 2002)	3.2
"Sevoflurane is a methyl ether anaesthetic commonly used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in children. "	( Sevoflurane anaesthesia in children after induction of anaesthesia with midazolam and thiopental does not cause epileptiform EEG. Hyvärinen, A; Kokki, H; Nieminen, K; Partanen, J; Westerèn-Punnonen, S; Yppärilä, H, 2002)	3.2
"Sevoflurane is an alternative to propofol for induction of anaesthesia and has a lower incidence of apnoea."	( Comparison of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion. Coskuner, I; Demirel, CB; Huseyinoglu, UA; Kati, I; Silay, E; Yagmur, C, 2003)	1.34
"Sevoflurane is an alternative to propofol for anesthesia in female dogs undergoing urethral pressure profilometry. "	( Comparison of the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on the urethral pressure profile in healthy female dogs. Byron, JK; Chew, DJ; DiBartola, SP; March, PA; Muir, WW, 2003)	2.03
"Sevoflurane is a suitable agent for neuroanesthesia in adult patients. "	( The effect of sevoflurane on cerebral blood flow velocity in children. Bissonnette, B; Fairgrieve, R; Karsli, C; Rowney, DA, 2003)	2.12
"Sevoflurane is a non-pungent volatile anaesthetic agent with a low blood-gas solubility coefficient. "	( A comparison of 8% and 12% sevoflurane for inhalation induction in adults. Campbell, AE; Goodwin, N; Hall, JE; Harmer, M; Plummer, S, 2004)	2.06
"Sevoflurane is a nonflammable general anesthetic administered by inhalation of vaporized liquid."	( The distribution of sevoflurane in a sevoflurane induced death. Burrows, DL; Ferslew, KE; Nicolaides, A; Stephens, GC, 2004)	1.37
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is chemically similar to volatile substances of abuse and can be safely administered to humans in laboratory research. "	( Reinforcing and subjective effects of the volatile anesthetic, sevoflurane. Beckman, NJ; Walker, DJ; Zacny, JP, 2004)	2.01
"Sevoflurane is a rapid-acting volatile anaesthetic agent frequently used in paediatric anaesthesia despite transient postoperative symptoms of cerebral excitation, particularly in preschool children. "	( Similar excitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in young children given rectal morphine or midazolam as premedication. Akeson, J; Malmgren, W, 2004)	2.07
"Sevoflurane is a nonflammable general anesthetic administered by inhalation of vaporized liquid that rapidly partitions out of aqueous biological matrices into a gaseous phase because of its volatility and hydrophobicity. "	( Sevoflurane analysis in serum by headspace gas chromatography with application to various biological matrices. Burrows, DL; Ferslew, KE; Nicolaides, A; Stephens, GC, 2004)	3.21
"Sevoflurane is an ideal agent for this type of diagnostic procedure in newborns and infants. "	( Magnetic resonance imaging under sedation in newborns and infants: a study of 640 cases using sevoflurane. De Sanctis Briggs, V, 2005)	1.99
"Sevoflurane is an inhalation halogenated anaesthetic widely used in day and paediatric surgery. "	( Urinary sevoflurane and hexafluoro-isopropanol as biomarkers of low-level occupational exposure to sevoflurane. Accorsi, A; Domenichini, I; Morrone, B; Raffi, GB; Valenti, S; Violante, FS, 2005)	2.21
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that acts directly on the spinal cord to suppress the nociceptive reflex. "	( Involvement of GABA and opioid peptide receptors in sevoflurane-induced antinociception in rat spinal cord. Deng, XM; Liu, SX; Wang, YW; You, XM; Zhao, ZQ, 2005)	2.02
"Sevoflurane is an inhalation anesthetic used for general anesthesia. "	( Sevoflurane-induced oxidative stress and cellular injury in human peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Chen, CH; Chye, SM; Lin, ZC; Liu, TZ; Liu, YC; Lu, FJ; Wong, CH, 2006)	3.22
"Sevoflurane is an inhalant anesthetic with unique properties that make it an ideal anesthetic for mask induction and anesthesia maintenance."	( Determination of minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in juvenile swine. Blikslager, AT; Moeser, AJ; Swanson, C, 2008)	1.32
"Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic used worldwide."	( A fatal case of fulminant hepatic necrosis following sevoflurane anesthesia. D'Errico, S; Fineschi, V; Neri, M; Riezzo, I; Turillazzi, E, 2007)	1.31
"Sevoflurane is a volatile nonflammable fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether inhaled anesthetic, chemically related to desflurane and isoflurane."	( Sevoflurane concentrations in blood, brain, and lung after sevoflurane-induced death. Eger, EI; Garg, U; Laster, MJ; Rosales, CM; Young, T, 2007)	2.5
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic which is reported to cause epileptiform EEG changes together with undesired symptoms such as convulsions. "	( Method for the automatic detection of epileptiform waveforms in sevoflurane-induced anesthesia EEG. Ermes, M; Jantti, V; Särkelä, M; Vakkuri, A; van Gils, M; Yli-Hankala, A, )	1.81
"Sevoflurane was thought to be a less potent triggering agent of MH; however, in literature review, the onset of MH after exposure to sevoflurane may be associated with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum."	( Delayed onset of sevoflurane-induced juvenile malignant hyperthermia after second exposure. Chen, CY; Chen, PL; Day, YJ; Lee, PC; Su, BC, 2007)	1.4
"Sevoflurane is a fluorinated volatile anaesthetic agent that lowers arterial pressure, in part by vasodilation. "	( Expression of pulmonary vasoactive factors after sevoflurane anaesthesia in rats: a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction study. Kobayashi, K; Sakamoto, A; Takemori, K, 2008)	2.04
"Sevoflurane induction is an effective and well-tolerated technique for cyanotic and acyanotic children with congenital heart disease."	( Sevoflurane induction in cyanotic and acyanotic children with congenital heart disease. Donmez, A; Sener, M; Zeyneloglu, P, 2008)	2.51
"Sevoflurane is a specific activator of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1-, MKK3/MKK6-p38 MAP kinase cascade in Jurkat T-cells. "	( Sevoflurane-mediated activation of p38-mitogen-activated stresskinase is independent of apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells. Auwaerter, V; Frick, M; Geiger, KK; Goebel, U; Humar, M; Loop, T; Pahl, HL; Pannen, BH; Roesslein, M; Schwer, C, 2008)	3.23
"Sevoflurane is a new inhalational anesthetic with desirable clinical properties. "	( Cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane compared with those of isoflurane in volunteers. Brown, EA; Depa, R; DiNardo, JA; Fenster, PE; Frink, EJ; Goldberg, M; Hammond, LC; Isner, RJ; Malan, TP; Mata, H, 1995)	2.03
"Sevoflurane is a "new" volatile inhaled anaesthetic currently undergoing phase III clinical trials in Europe and USA. "	( [Rates of awakening, circulatory parameters and side-effects with sevoflurane and enflurane. An open, randomized, comparative phase III study]. Hobbhahn, J; Merz, M; Wiesner, G; Wild, K, 1995)	1.97
"Sevoflurane is an acceptable alternative to propofol for induction and maintenance of outpatient anesthesia."	( Sevoflurane for outpatient anesthesia: a comparison with propofol. Fredman, B; Klein, K; Nathanson, MH; Smith, I; Wang, J; White, PF, 1995)	2.46
"Sevoflurane appears to be a useful alternative to propofol in outpatient anaesthesia."	( Recovery characteristics following anaesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol in adults undergoing out-patient surgery. Böhrer, H; Browne, A; Martin, E; Motsch, J; Neff, S; Wandel, C, 1995)	1.26
"Sevoflurane is an excellent drug for inhalational induction in pediatric patients."	( Sevoflurane versus halothane for general anesthesia in pediatric patients: a comparative study of vital signs, induction, and emergence. Epstein, RH; Guarnieri, KM; Lessin, JB; Marr, AT; Mendel, HG; Staudt, SR, 1995)	2.46
"Sevoflurane is a recently introduced volatile inhalation anaesthetic and is already used commonly in Japan. "	( In vivo and in vitro sevoflurane-induced lipid peroxidation in guinea-pig liver microsomes. Fujii, K; Sato, N; Yuge, O, 1994)	2.05
"Sevoflurane is a "new" volatile inhaled anaesthetic that is currently undergoing phase III clinical trial in Europe and the United States. "	( [Emergence times, hemodynamics and adverse effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane: an open, randomized, comparative phase iii study]. Hobbhahn, J; Hörauf, K; Schwürzer, S; Wiesner, G, 1994)	1.98
"Sevoflurane is a new volatile anesthetic with physical properties that should make it suitable for anesthesia (MAC of sevoflurane on oxygen alone and in 60% nitrous oxide, (MAC) of sevoflurane in oxygen alone and in 60% nitrous oxide, the hemodynamic, induction and emergence responses to sevoflurane and the metabolism to inorganic fluoride were studied in 90 ASA physical status 1 or 2 neonates, infants, and children."	( The pharmacology of sevoflurane in infants and children. Kleinman, S; Lerman, J; Sikich, N; Yentis, S, 1994)	2.05
"Sevoflurane is a newly developed volatile anesthetic that has a low blood-gas partition coefficient. "	( Effects of sevoflurane on cerebral circulation and metabolism in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Hayashi, Y; Kitaguchi, K; Kuro, M; Nakajima, T; Ohsumi, H, 1993)	2.12
"Sevoflurane is a new inhalational anesthetic agent having low solubility in blood and a relatively nonpungent odor. "	( End-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal intubation and minimum alveolar concentration in pediatric patients. Inomata, S; Okada, M; Taguchi, M; Watanabe, S, 1994)	2.13
"Sevoflurane is a less potent coronary vasodilator than isoflurane in rodents and it has not been associated with coronary steal in a dog model."	( Cardiovascular and autonomic effects of sevoflurane. Ebert, TJ, 1996)	1.28
"Sevoflurane is a new inhalation agent that should be useful for pediatric anesthesia. "	( Compound A concentrations during sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Brown, BR; Brown, EA; Frink, EJ; Green, WB; Hammond, LC; Malcomson, M; Valencia, FG, 1996)	2.02
"Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic with characteristics suited for use in children. "	( Induction, recovery, and safety characteristics of sevoflurane in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. A comparison with halothane. Carpenter, R; Davis, PJ; Haberkern, CM; Hannallah, R; Lerman, J; Motoyama, E; Orr, RJ; Rabb, M; Welborn, LG, 1996)	1.99
"Sevoflurane is a suitable alternative to halothane for use in children undergoing minor ambulatory surgery."	( Induction, recovery, and safety characteristics of sevoflurane in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. A comparison with halothane. Carpenter, R; Davis, PJ; Haberkern, CM; Hannallah, R; Lerman, J; Motoyama, E; Orr, RJ; Rabb, M; Welborn, LG, 1996)	1.27
"Sevoflurane is an alternative to halothane in pediatric inhalational anaesthesia, with a comparable, low incidence of airway irritation and smoothness of induction. "	( [Sevoflurane or halothane in inhalational anesthesia induction in childhood. Anesthesia quality and fluoride level]. Fujita, Y; Funk, W; Hobbhahn, J; Moldaschl, J; Taeger, K, 1996)	2.65
"Sevoflurane is a "new" volatile inhaled anaesthetic. "	( [Serum fluoride concentrations and exocrine kidney function with sevoflurane and enflurane. An open, randomized, comparative phase III study of patients with healthy kidneys]. Hobbhahn, J; Merz, M; Schwürzer, S; Wiesner, G; Wild, K, 1996)	1.97
"Sevoflurane is an ether inhalation general anaesthetic agent with lower solubility in blood than isoflurane or halothane but not desflurane. "	( Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Goa, KL; Patel, SS, 1996)	3.18
"Sevoflurane is a fluoridated derivative of methyl isopropyl ether. "	( [Sevoflurane]. Blanc, G; Celemín, R; Gilsanz, F; Orts, MM, )	2.48
"Sevoflurane is a new inhalational anaesthetic agent which can be administered via a conventional vapourizer. "	( Sevoflurane. Grounds, RM; Newman, PJ, )	3.02
"Sevoflurane is a potentially attractive field agent because of its relative insolubility in blood, giving more rapid control over anesthetic depth."	( Sevoflurane concentration available from the universal drawover vaporizer. Pylman, ML; Teiken, PJ, 1997)	2.46
"Sevoflurane appears to be an ideal inhaled anesthetic for the veteran patient population."	( Sevoflurane use in Veterans Affairs medical centers: utility, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Andrews, JJ; Puckett, SD, 1997)	2.46
"Sevoflurane is a suitable anaesthetic agent for children."	( Minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for tracheal extubation in children. Higuchi, H; Satoh, T; Tanaka, K; Taoda, M; Ura, T, 1997)	1.3
"Sevoflurane is a new volatile anesthetic agent that may be a useful alternative to halothane for anesthesia in children. "	( Prevention of methacholine-induced changes in respiratory mechanics in piglets: a comparison of sevoflurane and halothane. Habre, W; Sly, PD; Wildhaber, JH, 1997)	1.96
"Sevoflurane is a volatile general anesthetic that differs in chemical nature from the gaseous anesthetic nitrous oxide. "	( Subjective, psychomotor, cognitive, and analgesic effects of subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. Apfelbaum, JL; Coalson, DW; Galinkin, JL; Janiszewski, D; Klafta, JM; Klock, PA; Young, CJ; Zacny, JP, 1997)	1.96
"Sevoflurane is a useful anesthetic for inhalational induction in children because of its low solubility in blood and relatively nonpungent odor. "	( Oral clonidine premedication reduces minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for tracheal intubation in children. Maekawa, N; Mikawa, K; Nishina, K; Obara, H; Shiga, M, 1997)	1.97
"Sevoflurane is a potent inhalational agent, combining several advantages of specific interest in paediatric anaesthesia. "	( Sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia. Krenn, CG; Müller, CM; Semsroth, M; Urak, G; Zimpfer, M, 1997)	3.18
"Sevoflurane is a newly available volatile anaesthetic agent which is suitable for inhalational induction of anaesthesia. "	( Inhalational induction with sevoflurane in an adult with severe complex central airways obstruction. McKenzie, JM; Watters, MP, 1997)	2.03
"Sevoflurane is a cerebral vasodilator in patients with cerebral tumours. "	( Effects of sevoflurane on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism. A dose-response study in patients subjected to craniotomy for cerebral tumours. Bundgaard, H; Cold, GE; Jensen, KA; Landsfeldt, U; Larsen, KM; Nielsen, E; von Oettingen, G, 1998)	2.13
"Sevoflurane is a viable alternative to propofol and desflurane for both induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in the ambulatory setting. "	( [A role for sevoflurane in ambulatory surgery]. White, PF, 1998)	2.12
"Sevoflurane is a halocarbon, but is only partially halogenated and the only halogen it contains is fluorine."	( [Occupational exposure and environmental pollution: the role of inhalation anesthetics with special consideration of sevoflurane]. Hobbhahn, J; Taeger, K; Wiesner, G, 1998)	1.23
"Sevoflurane is a comparatively recent addition to the range of inhalational anaesthetics which has been recently released for clinical use. "	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane. Behne, M; Harder, S; Wilke, HJ, 1999)	2.04
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent, which combines rapid, smooth inhalational induction of anesthesia with rapid recovery, making it particularly suitable for day case anesthesia. "	( Propofol or sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion. Buggy, DJ; Molloy, ME; Scanlon, P, 1999)	2.13
"Sevoflurane is a good halogen agent for bariatric surgery anesthesia because of its physical and chemical characteristics and its repartition coefficient (blood/gas = 0.65)."	( Anesthesia with sevoflurane in bariatric surgery. De Amici, D; Della Marta, ME; Martinotti, R; Ramaioli, F; Vassallo, C, 1999)	2.09
"Sevoflurane is a suitable inhalant agent for use in these psittacines and merits further study."	( Sevoflurane anesthesia in psittacines. Greenacre, CB; Quandt, JE, 1999)	2.47
"Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic agent with ideal properties for achieving deep sedation during pediatric outpatient gastrointestinal endoscopy. "	( Deep sedation with inhaled sevoflurane for pediatric outpatient gastrointestinal endoscopy. Bohn, RA; Montes, RG, 2000)	2.05
"Sevoflurane is an ether inhalation anaesthetic agent with low pungency, a non-irritant odour and a low blood: gas partition coefficient. "	( Sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia: a review. Goa, KL; Noble, S; Spencer, CM, )	3.02
"Sevoflurane is a preferred anaesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of paediatric anaesthesia because of its rapid induction and recovery characteristics, lack of pungency and agreeable odour, and acceptable cardiovascular profile. "	( Sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia: a review. Goa, KL; Noble, S; Spencer, CM, )	3.02
"Sevoflurane is a more suitable for rapid mask induction than isoflurane since it provides faster induction associated with a lower blood/gas partition coefficient."	( Comparison of sevoflurane with isoflurane for rapid mask induction in midazolam and butorphanol-sedated dogs. Kojima, K; Mutoh, T; Nishimura, R; Sasaki, N; Takao, K, 2001)	1.39
"Sevoflurane is a safe and versatile inhalational anesthetic compared with currently available agents. "	( Sevoflurance: approaching the ideal inhalational anesthetic. a pharmacologic, pharmacoeconomic, and clinical review. Delgado-Herrera, L; Ostroff, RD; Rogers, SA, 2001)	1.75
"Sevoflurane is a new volatile anesthetic with a pronounced respiratory depressant effect. "	( Effects of sevoflurane on excitatory neurotransmission to medullary expiratory neurons and on phrenic nerve activity in a decerebrate dog model. Hopp, FA; Kampine, JP; Stucke, AG; Stuth, EA; Tonkovic-Capin, M; Tonkovic-Capin, V; Zuperku, EJ, 2001)	2.14
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with low pungency, non-irritating odor, and low blood/gas partition coefficient that makes it an attractive alternative to halothane. "	( Premedication with low-dose oral midazolam reduces the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in pediatric patients following sevoflurane anesthesia. Chen, CC; Cheng, CR; Huang, CJ; Hung, YC; Ko, YP; Su, NY; Tsai, PS, 2001)	1.96
"Sevoflurane is an halogenated methyl isopropyl ether. "	( [Desflurane (I 653) and sevoflurane: halogenated anesthetics of the future?]. Debaene, B; Lienhart, A, 1992)	2.03
"Sevoflurane is an experimental ether vapour: induction and recovery is fast and pleasant."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the inhalational anaesthetics. Brown, BR; Dale, O, 1987)	0.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sevoflurane has a lung protective effect in ALI as it reportedly has anti‑inflammatory and apoptotic‑regulating activity."	( Sevoflurane alleviates LPS‑induced acute lung injury via the microRNA‑27a‑3p/TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Li, X; Liu, G; Shen, D; Tian, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, X, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane has a role in treating chlorine inhalation injury."	( Sevoflurane as a therapy for acute chlorine gas exposure in an austere healthcare environment: a case report. Bellenger, SR; Frizzi, JD, 2014)	2.57
"Sevoﬂurane has a concentration-dependent central neuromuscular effect in patients with normal neuromuscular transmission. "	( Neuromuscular effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane: an open-label, dose-escalation clinical trial. Cai, YP; Chen, GZ; Ke, HH; Su, XZ; Wang, YT; Wu, HH; Wu, XZ; Xiao, JR; Zhang, Y; Zheng, WJ; Zhu, Q, 2017)	0.72
"Sevoflurane has a stimulating effect on ENaC and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase in vitro in LPS-injured AECII."	( Sevoflurane reduces severity of acute lung injury possibly by impairing formation of alveolar oedema. Beck-Schimmer, B; Booy, C; Lachmann, RA; Leutert, AC; Schläpfer, M; Voigtsberger, S, 2012)	2.54
"Sevoflurane patients has a greater incidence of emergence agitation."	( [Sevofluran in pediatric practice--personal experience]. Kobylarz, K; Kołaczyk, D; Stańczyk, M, 2001)	1.03
"Sevoflurane has a propensity to induce 'excitement' during induction of anaesthesia, and delirium in the immediate postoperative phase."	( Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. Diviney, D; Harte, S; Keaney, A; Lyons, B, 2004)	1.29
"Sevoflurane has a reduced ability to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis and is a less potent cytotoxic agent."	( Different effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on cytotoxicity. Li, KZ; Li, ZH; Liu, SS; Wang, QJ; Yao, SL, 2008)	1.34
"Sevoflurane has a lower potential for hepatic in"	( Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Goa, KL; Patel, SS, 1996)	2.46
"Sevoflurane has a similar low incidence of airway irritation as halothane and provides a smooth induction (Fig."	( [Sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia]. Funk, W; Hobbhahn, J, 1996)	1.93
"As sevoflurane has a low tissue/gas partition coefficient, it seems possible in paediatric patients to determine end-tidal concentrations for tracheal intubation more rapidly by using a high inspired concentration."	( Determination of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal intubation in children with the rapid method. Inomata, S; Nishikawa, T, 1996)	1.1
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood-gas solubility and a less pungent odour than halothane; this may allow more rapid induction of anaesthesia. "	( Rapid inhalation induction in children: 8% sevoflurane compared with 5% halothane. Hatch, DJ; Jackson, EA; Jenkins, AM; Mackersie, AM; Sigston, PE; Sury, MR, 1997)	2
"Sevoflurane has a low blood-gas partition coefficient resulting in a rapid recovery. "	( Recovery characteristics of sevoflurane- or propofol-based anaesthesia for day-care surgery. Gupta, A; Pedersen, FM; Raeder, J, 1997)	2.03
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane, which may cause a more rapid recovery from anesthesia; it also might cause faster emergence times than for propofol-based anesthesia. "	( Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia: a comparison to isoflurane and propofol anesthesia. Ebert, TJ; Mackenthun, A; Pichotta, PJ; Robinson, BJ; Uhrich, TD, 1998)	2.1
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane and thus should be associated with a more rapid recovery from anaesthesia."	( A review of recovery from sevoflurane anaesthesia: comparisons with isoflurane and propofol including meta-analysis. Ebert, TJ; Robinson, BJ; Uhrich, TD, 1999)	2.05
"Sevoflurane has a non-pungent odour and provides smooth induction of anaesthesia. "	( End-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal extubation (MACEX) in adults: comparison with isoflurane. Inomata, S; Taguchi, M; Toyooka, H; Yaguchi, Y, 1999)	2.15
"Sevoflurane has a stronger epileptogenic property than isoflurane, but nitrous oxide or hyperventilation counteracts this specific epileptogenic property."	( The epileptogenic properties of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane in patients with epilepsy. Iijima, T; Iwao, Y; Nakamura, Z; Sankawa, H, 2000)	1.27
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion. "	( Sevoflurane increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. Katagai, H; Kudoh, A; Takazawa, T, 2002)	3.2
"Sevoflurane has been reported to have anti-tumorigenic effects in glioma. "	( Sevoflurane impedes glioma progression via regulating circ_0000215/miR-1200/NCR3LG1 axis. Gao, B; Gao, R; Zhao, Z; Zong, X, 2021)	3.51
"Sevoflurane (Sev) has been reported to inhibit cancer development, and sevoflurane treatment in cancers is implicated with the deregulation of specific non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). "	( Sevoflurane blocks glioma malignant development by upregulating circRELN through circRELN-mediated miR-1290/RORA axis. Kang, X; Li, H; Zhang, Z, 2021)	3.51
"Sevoflurane (SEV) has been reported to be an effective neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). "	( Sevoflurane protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via microrna-30c-5p modulating homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1. Deng, M; Li, G; Qu, Y; Su, G, 2021)	3.51
"Sevoflurane has cerebral vasodilating properties compared with propofol in patients with good-grade aSAH. "	( Comparison of Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on the Cerebral Vasculature Assessed by Digital Subtraction Angiographic Parameters in Patients Treated for Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm: A Preliminary Study. Ahuja, CK; Bhagat, H; Chauhan, R; Jain, C; Jangra, K; Joys, S; Kaloria, N; Luthra, A; Mahajan, S; Panda, NB; Regmi, S; Singh, N; Soni, SL; Tripathi, M, 2023)	2.62
"Sevoflurane has been widely used clinically as an inhalation anesthetic. "	( Application Effect of Sevoflurane Combined with Nerve Block Anesthesia in Surgical Anesthesia in Patients with Uterine Fibroids. Fan, S; Li, S, 2022)	2.48
"Sevoflurane has great clinical potential against cisplatin-resistant tumors. "	( Sevoflurane reverses cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma cells through the linc00473/miR-490-5p/AKT1 axis. Fu, X; Guo, H; Li, H; Sun, Y; Wang, D; Zhang, Z, 2022)	3.61
"Sevoflurane has become an important volatile anesthetic in clinic and has been widely studied in recent years. "	( The protective effects of sevoflurane on subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chen, G; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Xing, W; Zhao, J, )	1.87
"Sevoflurane also has the advantages of fast induction of anesthesia, rapid drug metabolism, little interference to the cardiovascular system, and controllable depth of anesthesia."	( May sevoflurane prevent the development of neurogenic pulmonary edema and improve the outcome? Or as a new sedation method for severe brain injury patients. Liu, B; Yang, A, 2020)	1.84
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has been implicated in both postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity."	( Sevoflurane anesthesia-mediated oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in hippocampal neurons of old rats can be ameliorated by expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor. Qian, B; Xu, Z, 2020)	2.72
"Sevoflurane has been reported to promote learning and memory disabilities by promoting neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis. "	( Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 contributes to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through negatively modulating microRNA-181b. Hou, D; Wang, D; Yang, X; Zhang, N, 2020)	2.24
"Sevoflurane (SEV) has been reported to inhibit the metastasis of multiple cancers, including glioma, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma."	( Sevoflurane Suppresses the Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Breast Cancer Cells Through the miR-139-5p/ARF6 Axis. Chen, Y; Cheng, L; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wu, T; Yu, P, 2021)	2.79
"Sevoflurane has been reported to involve in the progression in several cancers."	( Sevoflurane inhibits the migration, invasion and induces apoptosis by regulating the expression of WNT1 via miR-637 in colorectal cancer. Chen, J; Duan, JA; Hu, N; Li, D; Yan, H; Yu, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Sevoflurane (Sev) has protective effects in acute lung injury (ALI), but the relevant mechanisms are still not fully understood. "	( Sevoflurane inhibits ferroptosis: A new mechanism to explain its protective role against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Li, K; Liu, X; Ma, X; Mao, L; Si, J; Wang, L; Xing, Q, 2021)	3.51
"Sevoflurane has rarely been related to this life-threatening complication."	( Fatal hepatotoxicity due to sevoflurane use in a paediatric patient after aortic repair: reality or fiction? A case of pharmacovigilance. Adames, V; Pichardo, P; Pradegan, N; Sanchez, LV; Zovi, A, 2023)	1.93
"Sevoflurane has been used to induce anaesthesia in adults due to its suitability for airway management and haemodynamic stability. "	( Arrhythmia incidence and associated factors during volatile induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane: a retrospective analysis of 950 adult patients. Baik, J; Cho, MS; Choi, SS; Jo, JY; Kim, SH; Ku, S; Nam, S; Yoon, J, 2021)	2.28
"Sevoflurane also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects."	( Protective effects of sevoflurane in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury: a narrative review. Chen, G; Li, HY; Liang, TY; Ma, M; Peng, SY; Wang, Z, )	1.17
"Sevoflurane has been reported to induce neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in the developing brains. "	( Cyclin-dependent kinase 5/Collapsin response mediator protein 2 pathway may mediate sevoflurane-induced dendritic development abnormalities in rat cortical neurons. Cao, M; Li, Y; Lin, D; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Shen, Z; Zhang, K; Zhao, Y, 2017)	2.12
"Sevoflurane has been shown to offer a more rapid recovery than isoflurane in a number of species, but no comparisons have been made in non-human primates."	( Comparison of emergence times and quality between isoflurane and sevoflurane in rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta) undergoing neurosurgical procedure. Bertrand, HGMJ; Burnside, W; Flecknell, PA; Sandersen, C; Springer, S, 2017)	1.41
"Sevoflurane has been shown to stimulate or depress memory in adult rats; however, the cellular mechanism of this bidirectional effect has not been fully investigated."	( Different doses of sevoflurane facilitate and impair learning and memory function through activation of the ERK pathway and synthesis of ARC protein in the rat hippocampus. Luo, Y; Xue, QS; Yu, BW; Zhang, FJ; Zhu, QL, 2018)	2.25
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has been implicated in both postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity."	( Effect of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Brain Is Mediated by lncRNA HOTAIR. Feng, Y; Fu, YH; Liu, GL; Wang, JY, 2018)	1.6
"Sevoflurane has anti-inflammatory proprieties and short lasting effects making it of interest for procedural sedation in critically ill patients. "	( Sevoflurane for procedural sedation in critically ill patients: A pharmacokinetic comparative study between burn and non-burn patients. Bazin, JE; Biboulet, C; Bourdeaux, D; Constantin, JM; Houze, P; Launay, JM; Legrand, M; Lenoire, A; Mebazaa, A; Perbet, S; Pereira, B; Plaud, B; Sadoune, M; Sautou, V, 2018)	3.37
"Sevoflurane has been extensively employed for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. "	( Role of autophagy in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rat hippocampal cells. Hu, Z; McQuillan, PM; Shen, J; Sun, J; Xu, L; Yan, M; Yu, L, 2018)	2.24
"Sevoflurane has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in animals, while its cardioprotection is lost if the ischemic insult is too long. "	( GSK-3β inhibition confers cardioprotection associated with the restoration of mitochondrial function and suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in sevoflurane preconditioned rats following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chen, J; Ge, C; Liu, J; Tang, K; Wang, Y, 2018)	2.12
"Sevoflurane has been found to increase apoptosis and pathologic markers associated with Alzheimer disease, provoking concern over their potential contribution to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. "	( Sevoflurane reduced functional connectivity of excitatory neurons in prefrontal cortex during working memory performance of aged rats. Tian, X; Wang, G; Xu, X, 2018)	3.37
"Sevoflurane has been commonly utilized in nonobstetric surgeries in pregnant women, and its impacts on fetal brain are still not completely known. "	( Sevoflurane anesthesia represses neurogenesis of hippocampus neural stem cells via regulating microRNA-183-mediated NR4A2 in newborn rats. Shao, CZ; Xia, KP, 2019)	3.4
"Sevoflurane has been used to treat life-threatening asthma and our previous study shows that sevoflurane inhibits acute lung inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic mice."	( Sevoflurane Prevents Airway Remodeling via Downregulation of VEGF and TGF-β1 in Mice with OVA-Induced Chronic Airway Inflammation. Shen, QY; Wei, CS; Wu, HM; Wu, L; Zhou, YN, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane has been widely used during hepatobiliary surgery and was reported to exhibit preconditioning (PreC) properties against hepatic IR injury; however, its postconditioning (PostC) properties remain unknown."	( Sevoflurane has postconditioning as well as preconditioning properties against hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Akiyama, D; Cho, S; Hara, T; Ichinomiya, T; Maekawa, T; Miyaaki, H; Ozawa, E; Shibata, I; Shiraishi, S; Yoshitomi, O, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane (sevo) has been reported to be an effective neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). "	( Sevoflurane prevents miR-181a-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ai, Y; Shan, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2019)	3.4
"Sevoflurane has a lung protective effect in ALI as it reportedly has anti‑inflammatory and apoptotic‑regulating activity."	( Sevoflurane alleviates LPS‑induced acute lung injury via the microRNA‑27a‑3p/TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Li, X; Liu, G; Shen, D; Tian, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, X, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has been found to lead to CD and microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to affect cognitive function."	( Neuroprotective effect of miR-410-3p against sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via targeting C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5. Feng, C; Su, R; Sun, P; Xiao, W; Zhang, D; Zhong, L, 2019)	1.49
"Sevoflurane has recently been shown to modulate the lung inflammatory response in a model of lung injury more favourably than propofol."	( Sevoflurane, but not propofol, reduces the lung inflammatory response and improves oxygenation in an acute respiratory distress syndrome model: a randomised laboratory study. Aguilar, G; Belda, FJ; Ferrando, C; Moreno, J; Piqueras, L; Soro, M, 2013)	2.55
"That sevoflurane has no such effect on peripheral organs suggests that this action might be mediated through a neuron-specific cellular mechanism or a regulation of the signal transduction between neurons."	( Direct and specific effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on rat Per2 expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Akimoto, T; Anzai, M; Higo, S; Iijima, N; Kadota, K; Matsuo, I; Mori, K; Ohe, Y; Ozawa, H; Sakamoto, A; Takumi, K, 2013)	1.13
"Sevoflurane has been shown to quench inflammation and to provide cardioprotection in preclinical studies."	( Cardiospecific sevoflurane treatment quenches inflammation but does not attenuate myocardial cell damage markers: a proof-of-concept study in patients undergoing mitral valve repair. Aarts, LP; Cobbaert, CM; Engbers, FH; Klautz, RJ; Kortekaas, KA; Lindeman, JH; Palmen, M; van der Baan, A; Verhagen, JC, 2014)	1.48
"Sevoflurane has anti-inflammatory effects and may attenuate this injury."	( Sevoflurane-enriched blood cardioplegia: the intramyocardial delivery of a volatile anesthetic. Engbers, FH; Klautz, RJ; Kortekaas, KA; Meier, S; van der Baan, A; van Es, E, 2015)	2.58
"Sevoflurane has a role in treating chlorine inhalation injury."	( Sevoflurane as a therapy for acute chlorine gas exposure in an austere healthcare environment: a case report. Bellenger, SR; Frizzi, JD, 2014)	2.57
"Sevoflurane has been reported to protect against neuronal apoptosis during cerebral IR."	( Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates neuronal deficits by inhibiting microglial MMP-9 expression after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Cao, XZ; Fang, B; Li, XQ; Ma, H; Tan, WF; Wang, J, 2014)	2.57
"Sevoflurane has no significant added beneficial effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury compared to propofol."	( Conditioning With Sevoflurane in Liver Transplantation: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Auler, JO; Beck-Schimmer, B; Bonvini, JM; Breitenstein, S; Clavien, PA; D'Albuquerque, LA; Debaerdemaeker, L; DeOliveira, ML; Dutkowski, P; Figueira, ER; Ganter, MT; Lesurtel, M; Oberkofler, CE; Puhan, MA; Reyntjens, K; Rocha Filho, JA; Rogiers, X; Schadde, E; Weber, A; Wouters, P, 2015)	1.47
"Sevoflurane has depression effects on SSEPs in a dose-dependent manner. "	( [Influence of different sevoflurane concentration on somatosensory evoked potentials monitoring in spinal cord surgery]. Guo, X; Meng, X; Wang, L; Wang, Z; Zhao, W, 2015)	2.17
"Sevoflurane has been shown to improve ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) through several mechanisms, including amelioration of inflammatory response. "	( Molecular studies of the immunological effects of the sevoflurane preconditioning in the liver and lung in a rat model of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kalimeris, KA; Kostopanagiotou, GG; Lilis, I; Mikrou, A; Nastos, K; Papadaki, H; Papoutsidakis, N; Zarkadis, IK, 2016)	2.13
"Sevoflurane has been found to increase apoptosis and pathologic markers associated with Alzheimer disease, provoking concern over their potential contribution to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. "	( Sevoflurane anesthesia induces neither contextual fear memory impairment nor alterations in local population connectivity of medial prefrontal cortex local field potentials networks in aged rats. Tian, X; Wang, G; Xu, X; Zhang, Q, 2016)	3.32
"Sevoflurane has been shown to modulate a number of miRNAs."	( Sevoflurane inhibits the migration and invasion of glioma cells by upregulating microRNA-637. Guo, Y; Huang, B; Li, D; Li, X; Yi, W; Zhang, Y, 2016)	2.6
"Sevoﬂurane has a concentration-dependent central neuromuscular effect in patients with normal neuromuscular transmission. "	( Neuromuscular effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane: an open-label, dose-escalation clinical trial. Cai, YP; Chen, GZ; Ke, HH; Su, XZ; Wang, YT; Wu, HH; Wu, XZ; Xiao, JR; Zhang, Y; Zheng, WJ; Zhu, Q, 2017)	0.72
"Sevoflurane has been extensively used in neurosurgical patients."	( A comparison between sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial intracranial surgery. Magni, G; Melillo, G; Rosa, G; Rosa, IL; Savio, A, 2009)	1.39
"Sevoflurane has been shown to significantly prolong the action potential duration and the QTc interval. "	( Should sevoflurane be used in the electrophysiology assessment of accessory pathways? Caldwell, JC; Fong, C; Muhyaldeen, SA, 2010)	2.26
"Sevoflurane has the advantage of low pungency and is not associated with respiratory irritation."	( Managing inhaled anesthesia: challenges from a health-system pharmacist's perspective. Meyer, T, 2010)	1.08
"Sevoflurane has anti-inflammation properties, and renal ischemia/reperfusion under sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in drastic improvements in renal function."	( Sevoflurane protects against acute kidney injury in a small-size liver transplantation model. He, Y; Kong, HY; Wang, LQ; Xie, HY; Zheng, SS; Zhu, SM, 2010)	2.52
"Sevoflurane has been used successfully in anesthesia for full-term and premature neonates and has been recently used for pediatric outpatient procedures."	( Comparison of effective inspired concentration of sevoflurane in preterm infants with different postconceptual ages. Feng, Y; Sun, H; Yang, B; Yao, L; Yu, L, 2011)	1.34
"Sevoflurane has neuroprotective properties in vitro and in animal models."	( Cognitive function after sevoflurane- vs propofol-based anaesthesia for on-pump cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Berger, KU; Heringlake, M; Hueppe, M; Husemann, L; Lueloh, A; Schoen, J; Sedemund-Adib, B; Tiemeyer, C, 2011)	1.39
"Sevoflurane anesthetic has recently been administered by anesthesiologists during voiding cystourethrograms in a centre where radiologists are not permitted to deliver pediatric sedation."	( Evaluation of sevoflurane as an anesthetic agent for voiding cystourethrography in pediatric patients. Chen, PE; Noga, ML; Yarr, JE, 2012)	2.18
"Sevoflurane exposure has differential effects on different intracellular signalling pathways. "	( Prolonged attenuation of acetylcholine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 following sevoflurane exposure. Ebberyd, A; Eriksson, LI; Gustavsson, D; Jonsson Fagerlund, M; Schulte, G; Sundman, E; Wiklund, A, 2012)	2.03
"Sevoflurane has a stimulating effect on ENaC and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase in vitro in LPS-injured AECII."	( Sevoflurane reduces severity of acute lung injury possibly by impairing formation of alveolar oedema. Beck-Schimmer, B; Booy, C; Lachmann, RA; Leutert, AC; Schläpfer, M; Voigtsberger, S, 2012)	2.54
"Sevoflurane has been found to increase apoptosis and pathologic markers associated with Alzheimer disease, provoking concern over their potential contribution to postoperative cognitive dysfunction."	( Sevoflurane anesthesia does not impair acquisition learning or memory in the Morris water maze in young adult and aged rats. Callaway, JK; Jones, NC; Royse, AG; Royse, CF, 2012)	3.26
"Sevoflurane has become the gold standard for inhalation induction in children. "	( Epileptogenic effect of sevoflurane: determination of the minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane associated with major epileptoid signs in children. Constant, I; Gibert, S; Guye, ML; Louvet, N; Moutard, ML; Piat, V; Rigouzzo, A; Sabourdin, N, 2012)	2.13
"Sevoflurane has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in animals. "	( Sevoflurane but not propofol preserves myocardial function in coronary surgery patients. De Blier, IG; De Hert, SG; Mertens, E; Rodrigus, IE; Stockman, BA; ten Broecke, PW; Van Sommeren, EW, 2002)	3.2
"Sevoflurane has dose-dependent negative inotropic effects on myocardial contractility. "	( The negative inotropic effect of sevoflurane is not mediated through nitric oxide synthase in rat papillary muscle. De Hert, SG; Hacker, A; Kojda, G; Lecomte, PV, 2003)	2.04
"Sevoflurane has been used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia during cardiac surgery owing to its favourable haemodynamic effects. "	( Effect of sevoflurane on the ex vivo secretion of TNF-alpha during and after coronary artery bypass surgery. De Lange, JJ; El Azab, SR; Groeneveld, AB; Rosseel, PM; Scheffer, GJ; Van Strik, R; Van Wijk, EM, 2003)	2.16
"Sevoflurane patients has a greater incidence of emergence agitation."	( [Sevofluran in pediatric practice--personal experience]. Kobylarz, K; Kołaczyk, D; Stańczyk, M, 2001)	1.03
"Sevoflurane has several properties which make it potentially useful as a day case anaesthetic. "	( Sevoflurane: an ideal agent for adult day-case anesthesia? Ghatge, S; Lee, J; Smith, I, 2003)	3.2
"Sevoflurane and propofol have been widely used as anesthetic agents for neurosurgery. "	( Jugular bulb oxygen saturation under propofol or sevoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia during deliberate mild hypothermia in neurosurgical patients. Furuya, H; Horiuchi, T; Inoue, S; Kawaguchi, M; Kawano, Y; Sakaki, T; Sakamoto, T; Yoshitani, K, 2004)	2.02
"Sevoflurane has a propensity to induce 'excitement' during induction of anaesthesia, and delirium in the immediate postoperative phase."	( Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. Diviney, D; Harte, S; Keaney, A; Lyons, B, 2004)	1.29
"Sevoflurane has rapidly replaced halothane as the inhaled anesthetic agent of choice for the pediatric population. "	( Sevoflurane and emergence behavioral changes in pediatrics. Moos, DD, 2005)	3.21
"Sevoflurane has become the volatile agent of choice for inhalation induction of anesthesia. "	( Sevoflurane and epileptiform EEG changes. Constant, I; Murat, I; Seeman, R, 2005)	3.21
"Sevoflurane has been reported to exhibit pro-convulsant properties in some "at-risk" patients during anaesthesia for other procedures."	( Sevoflurane versus propofol for induction of anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized crossover trial. Leong, S; Loughnan, T; McKenzie, G, 2004)	2.49
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has more preventive effect on intraoperative hypothermia than propofol anesthesia when combined with amino acid solutions."	( [Effect of amino acid solution on intraoperative core temperature the influence of anesthetics]. Asahi, T; Higuchi, A; Horikawa, H; Kamitani, K; Nohara, A; Takagi, M; Tokutake, M; Yoshida, H, 2005)	1.77
"Sevoflurane has become widely used in day surgery; however, desflurane may be a valuable alternative even in this setting. "	( Desflurane vs. sevoflurane as the main inhaled anaesthetic for spontaneous breathing via a laryngeal mask for varicose vein day surgery: a prospective randomized study. Anderson, RE; Doolke, A; Jakobsson, JG; Saros, GB, 2006)	2.13
"Sevoflurane has favourable physical qualities for inhaled analgesia during labour pain. "	( Analgesia with sevoflurane during labour: i. Determination of the optimum concentration. Holdcroft, A; Stewart, A; Yentis, SM; Yeo, ST, 2007)	2.14
"Sevoflurane and propofol have been widely used for anesthesia induction. "	( Comparison of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion in elderly patients. Shao, G; Zhang, G, 2007)	2.08
"Sevoflurane has been shown to have different effects on cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity in comparison with isoflurane. "	( The comparative effects of sevoflurane vs. isoflurane on cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity in patients with hypertension. Kadoi, Y; Saito, S; Takahashi, K, 2007)	2.08
"Sevoflurane has advantages over propofol for induction of anaesthesia in the elderly, since the lower reduction in mean arterial pressure with sevoflurane is both statistically and clinically significant."	( Co-induction of anaesthesia with 0.75 mg kg propofol followed by sevoflurane: a randomized trial in the elderly with cardiovascular risk factors. Jenkins, C; Kelley, K; Moran, AP; O'Dwyer, J; Panayiotou, S; Spring, C; Stock, K; Uncles, D; Venn, R, 2008)	1.31
"Sevoflurane has the advantage of allowing earlier extubation and evaluation of cognitive and neurologic function after OPCAB."	( Sevoflurane provides earlier tracheal extubation and assessment of cognitive recovery than isoflurane in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Botea, A; Delphin, E; Esrig, B; Fritz, W; Gubenko, Y; Jackson, D; Mavridis, S, 2007)	2.5
"Sevoflurane has a reduced ability to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis and is a less potent cytotoxic agent."	( Different effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on cytotoxicity. Li, KZ; Li, ZH; Liu, SS; Wang, QJ; Yao, SL, 2008)	1.34
"Sevoflurane has been shown to distinctly reduce bronchial mucus transport velocity, an essential determinant of mucociliary clearance and pulmonary complications. "	( Bronchial mucus transport velocity in patients receiving desflurane and fentanyl vs. sevoflurane and fentanyl. Lauer, S; Ledowski, T; Manopas, A, 2008)	2.01
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has improved the deformability of erythrocytes in male rats (p<0.05) whereas there were not any significant changes in female rats."	( Gender-related alerations in erythrocyte mechanical activities under desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia. Aydoğan, S; Comu, FM; Yerer, MB, 2008)	1.29
"Sevoflurane has the disadvantage of vulnerability to degradation in vitro and in vivo, raising a concern regarding a subtle toxicity."	( New drugs in anesthesia. Eger, EI, 1995)	1.01
"Sevoflurane has low blood and tissue solubility and is metabolized to free fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). "	( Clinical sevoflurane metabolism and disposition. I. Sevoflurane and metabolite pharmacokinetics. Karol, MD; Kharasch, ED; Lanni, C; Sawchuk, R, 1995)	2.15
"Sevoflurane has negligible airway irritant effects, which facilitates a "smooth' induction, even in comparison with halothane in paediatric patients, and makes sevoflurane especially amenable to rapid induction of anaesthesia in adults and children."	( Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Goa, KL; Patel, SS, 1996)	2.46
"Sevoflurane has a similar low incidence of airway irritation as halothane and provides a smooth induction (Fig."	( [Sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia]. Funk, W; Hobbhahn, J, 1996)	1.93
"As sevoflurane has a low tissue/gas partition coefficient, it seems possible in paediatric patients to determine end-tidal concentrations for tracheal intubation more rapidly by using a high inspired concentration."	( Determination of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal intubation in children with the rapid method. Inomata, S; Nishikawa, T, 1996)	1.1
"Sevoflurane has strong antiaggregatory effects at subanesthetic concentrations (greater than 0.13 mM; i.e., approximately 0.5 vol/%), whereas halothane has similar effects at somewhat greater anesthetic concentrations (0.49 mM; i.e., approximately 0.54 vol/%)."	( Sevoflurane inhibits human platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 formation, possibly by suppression of cyclooxygenase activity. Hatano, Y; Hirakata, H; Mori, K; Nakamura, K; Narumiya, S; Sai, S; Toda, H; Urabe, N; Ushikubi, F, 1996)	2.46
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood-gas solubility and a less pungent odour than halothane; this may allow more rapid induction of anaesthesia. "	( Rapid inhalation induction in children: 8% sevoflurane compared with 5% halothane. Hatch, DJ; Jackson, EA; Jenkins, AM; Mackersie, AM; Sigston, PE; Sury, MR, 1997)	2
"Sevoflurane has a low blood-gas partition coefficient resulting in a rapid recovery. "	( Recovery characteristics of sevoflurane- or propofol-based anaesthesia for day-care surgery. Gupta, A; Pedersen, FM; Raeder, J, 1997)	2.03
"Sevoflurane has been reported to attenuate ischaemia-induced changes of myocardial metabolism, but the mechanism is still unclear. "	( Sevoflurane preserves endocardial blood flow during coronary ligation in dogs: comparison with adenosine. Abiko, Y; Ichihara, K; Ogawa, H; Takahata, O, 1998)	3.19
"Sevoflurane has been reported to generate oxygen free radicals. "	( Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on free radical formation in the post-ischaemic reperfused heart. Ikeya, K; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Kume, M, 1998)	2.13
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane, which may cause a more rapid recovery from anesthesia; it also might cause faster emergence times than for propofol-based anesthesia. "	( Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia: a comparison to isoflurane and propofol anesthesia. Ebert, TJ; Mackenthun, A; Pichotta, PJ; Robinson, BJ; Uhrich, TD, 1998)	2.1
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane and thus should be associated with a more rapid recovery from anaesthesia."	( A review of recovery from sevoflurane anaesthesia: comparisons with isoflurane and propofol including meta-analysis. Ebert, TJ; Robinson, BJ; Uhrich, TD, 1999)	2.05
"Sevoflurane has similar effects on ventilatory control in humans and cats."	( Speed of onset and offset and mechanisms of ventilatory depression from sevoflurane: an experimental study in the cat. Dahan, A; Olievier, C; Olofsen, E; Sarton, E; Teppema, L, 1999)	1.26
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has not been shown previously to be associated with the development of acute rhabdomyolysis in a child with a history of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. "	( Rhabdomyolysis in association with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Nakajima, Y; Obata, R; Sato, S; Suzuki, A; Yasumi, Y, 1999)	1.75
"Sevoflurane has a non-pungent odour and provides smooth induction of anaesthesia. "	( End-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal extubation (MACEX) in adults: comparison with isoflurane. Inomata, S; Taguchi, M; Toyooka, H; Yaguchi, Y, 1999)	2.15
"Sevoflurane has favorable pharmacodynamic properties such as a rapid, smooth induction and emergence from anesthesia. "	( The use of sevoflurane anesthesia during early pregnancy. Fukuyama, H; Kanazawa, M; Kinefuchi, Y; Suzuki, T; Takiguchi, M, 1999)	2.14
"Sevoflurane has been known to reduce neuronal excitability in the rat hippocampus in vitro, probably by changing GABAergic inhibition."	( Suppression of gamma activity in the human medial temporal lobe by sevoflurane anesthesia. Arakaki, H; Hirai, N; Maehara, T; Nakabayashi, T; Nakamura, M; Nakayama, H; Shimizu, H; Uchida, S, 2000)	1.26
"Sevoflurane has been used successfully as an induction agent for tracheal intubation and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion: time to LMA insertion is faster with sevoflurane than halothane, but the 2 drugs provide similar conditions for tracheal intubation."	( Sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia: a review. Goa, KL; Noble, S; Spencer, CM, )	2.3
"Sevoflurane has a stronger epileptogenic property than isoflurane, but nitrous oxide or hyperventilation counteracts this specific epileptogenic property."	( The epileptogenic properties of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane in patients with epilepsy. Iijima, T; Iwao, Y; Nakamura, Z; Sankawa, H, 2000)	1.27
"Sevoflurane has been used in the last few years in brief surgical operations, either alone or in combination with nitrous oxide. "	( [Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to sevoflurane]. Alessio, A; Ghittori, S; Imbriani, M; Maestri, L; Negri, S; Zadra, P, )	1.83
"Sevoflurane has been used for its stable hemodynamic profile to reduce cardiocirculatory troubles."	( [Sevoflurane in stop-flow interventions. Hemodynamics study]. Barneschi, MG; Di Filippo, A; Falchi, S; Marini, F; Novelli, GP, 2001)	1.94
"Sevoflurane has become a popular agent for day-case surgery despite little evidence of clear advantages over current alternatives."	( Sevoflurane vs. isoflurane: a clinical comparison in day surgery. Elcock, DH; Sweeney, BP, 2002)	2.48
"Sevoflurane anesthesia has an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion. "	( Sevoflurane increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. Katagai, H; Kudoh, A; Takazawa, T, 2002)	3.2
"Sevoflurane previously has been reported to undergo extensive degradation in the presence of soda lime. "	( Reaction of sevoflurane and its degradation products with soda lime. Toxicity of the byproducts. Fujii, K; Imai, M; Kawai, Y; Kawakami, U; Mizuno, T; Morio, M; Negishi, A; Ogasawara, Y; Satoh, N; Tamura, T, 1992)	2.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sevoflurane did not cause any significant difference in the rats' performance in the open field test."	( Does Resveratrol Prevent Sevoflurane Toxicity in Newborn Rats? Bedel, HA; Derin, N; Munzuroğlu, M; Sümer Coşkun, A; Usta, C, 2022)	1.75
"Sevoflurane (Sev) might cause neurotoxicity in elderly rats. "	( Lin28A Reduced Sevoflurane-Induced Nerve Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Tau Acetylation and Phosphorylation via Activating SIRT1 in Elderly Rats. Wang, J; Wang, Q; Zhang, M; Zhu, Y, 2022)	2.52
"Sevoflurane could enhance 15LO2-PEBP1 interaction and activate ATM and its downstream P53/SAT1 pathway, which might be attributed to excessive p-ATM nuclear translocation."	( Multiple sevoflurane exposures during mid-trimester induce neurotoxicity in the developing brain initiated by 15LO2-Mediated ferroptosis. Gao, Q; Jiang, Q; Wang, C; Wu, Z; Zhao, P, 2023)	2.05
"Sevoflurane can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and participate in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which may be related to its inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway."	( Sevoflurane induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth and motility of colon cancer in vitro and in vivo via inactivating Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Rong, W; Yang, X; Zheng, YT, 2019)	3.4
"Sevoflurane promotes the progression but has no effect on the cisplatinum sensitivity in cervical cancer cells."	( The Effects Of Sevoflurane On The Progression And Cisplatinum Sensitivity Of Cervical Cancer Cells. Li, R; Song, Y; Xu, Y; Xue, F; Zhang, W; Zhu, X, 2019)	2.31
"Sevoflurane can cause nerve cell injury, and miR-221-3p may promote cell activity and inhibit apoptosis by inhibiting CDKN1B expression, thereby ameliorating cell injury induced by sevoflurane."	( Study on the ameliorating effect of miR-221-3p on the nerve cells injury induced by sevoflurane. Gong, J; Liu, K; Lu, Q; Tian, X; Wang, Q, 2022)	2.39
"Sevoflurane promotes the metastatic potential of renal carcinoma, but not of non-small cell lung cancer. "	( Differential effects of sevoflurane on the metastatic potential and chemosensitivity of non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma in vitro. Chen, Q; Ciechanowicz, S; Cui, J; Lian, Q; Ma, D; Mi, E; Zhao, H, 2018)	2.23
"Sevoflurane can inhibit retinal angiogenesis via suppressing VEGF expression in an OIR mice model with exposure to relative hypoxia. "	( The effect of sevoflurane on retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Bae, SS; Baek, SH; Baik, SW; Byeon, GJ; Ha, JM; Kim, HJ; Kim, HY; Kim, M; Kim, SH; Ri, HS, 2018)	2.28
"Sevoflurane inhibited the increase in PI3KC3 phosphorylation and Beclin-1/PI3KC3 complex formation under H/R conditions."	( Sevoflurane prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting PI3KC3-mediated autophagy. Bu, M; Lu, Y; Yun, H, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane exposure may cause ER stress, which is tolerated to some extent in wild-type cells. "	( The effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on neurotoxicity caused by inhaled anesthetics. Aoe, T; Jin, H; Komita, M, 2013)	1.83
"Sevoflurane can inhibit the central nervous system by activating GABAA, resulting in apoptosis of neural stem cells, thus leading to the NSCs degeneration."	( Effect of apoptosis in neural stem cells treated with sevoflurane. Liu, W; Mao, W; Qiu, J; Shi, P; Wang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2015)	2.11
"Sevoflurane could suppress hypoxia-induced growth and metastasis ability of cells."	( Sevoflurane suppresses hypoxia-induced growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells via inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Lai, XH; Liang, H; Liao, MJ; Liu, HZ; Wang, HB; Yang, CX; Zhang, B; Zhang, T, 2015)	2.58
"Sevoflurane could suppress hypoxia-induced growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells, which might be associated with modulating HIF-1α and its down-stream genes. "	( Sevoflurane suppresses hypoxia-induced growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells via inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Lai, XH; Liang, H; Liao, MJ; Liu, HZ; Wang, HB; Yang, CX; Zhang, B; Zhang, T, 2015)	3.3
"Sevoflurane promotes lower Vt, and affects NME and NVE less than propofol."	( Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist feasibility during anaesthesia: A randomised crossover study of two anaesthetics in a large animal model. Eksborg, S; Jalde, F; Jalde, FC; Radell, PJ; Sackey, PV; Wallin, MK, 2016)	1.16
"Sevoflurane may inhibit platelet activation, raising the possibility that administering it during CPB may reduce blood loss.Patients between 18 and 65 years old who were scheduled for cardiac surgery under CPB at our hospital were prospectively enrolled and randomized to receive intravenous anesthetics alone (control group, n = 77) or together with sevoflurane (0.5-1.0 vol/%) from an oxygenator (sevoflurane group, n = 76)."	( Low-Dose Sevoflurane May Reduce Blood Loss and Need for Blood Products After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Pilot Study. Chen, H; Du, L; Li, J; Liu, T; Luo, M; Qin, Z; Tan, Z; Xiong, J; Zhou, J; Zhou, L, 2016)	1.57
"Sevoflurane can produce delayed protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by down-regulating TNF-alpha, IL-1beta protein, and mRNA expression."	( [Sevoflurane preconditioning induced delayed neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia in rats]. Guo, Q; Pan, Y; Shi, M; Wang, E; Ye, Z, 2009)	2.71
"Sevoflurane appears to cause a greater intrapulmonary proinflammatory response than propofol during thoracic surgery."	( Study of the systemic and pulmonary oxidative stress status during exposure to propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia during thoracic surgery. Abou-Elenain, K, 2010)	1.3
"The sevoflurane group had a lower incidence of cough than the propofol group."	( Remifentail infusion for paediatric bronchoscopic foreign body removal: comparison of sevoflurane with propofol for anaesthesia supplementation for bronchoscope insertion. Li, B; Wang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, W, 2010)	1.06
"Sevoflurane alone could produce OAA/S ≤ 1 at a minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of 0.93%."	( Response surface analysis of sevoflurane-remifentanil interactions on consciousness during anesthesia. Bi, SS; Guo, XY; Lu, W; Wang, HL; Yang, L; Zhang, LP, 2012)	1.39
"Sevoflurane was found to enhance the binding of platelets to lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, it also increased the expression of P-selectin on platelets especially in the stimulated samples."	( The effects of sevoflurane and desflurane in vitro on platelet-leukocyte adhesion in whole blood. de Rossi, L; Hecker, KE; Horn, NA; Hutschenreuter, G; Robitzsch, T; Rossaint, R, 2003)	1.39
"For sevoflurane Vmca was 18% lower [95% confidence interval (CI) 12-22%; P < 0.00001] and PI was 23% higher (95% CI 12-33%; P = 0.0013) than for isoflurane. "	( Sevoflurane induces less cerebral vasodilation than isoflurane at the same A-line autoregressive index level. Akeson, J; Holmström, A, 2005)	2.33
"Sevoflurane does not suppress compound A nephrotoxicity in rats in vivo. "	( Influence of sevoflurane on the metabolism and renal effects of compound A in rats. Kharasch, ED; Liggitt, HD; Schroeder, JL; Sheffels, P, 2005)	2.14
"Sevoflurane may increase the middle ear pressure and TIVA with propofol may be used in middle ear operations more safely than sevoflurane."	( Effects of sevoflurane and TIVA with propofol on middle ear pressure. Demiraran, Y; Guclu, E; Ilce, Z; Karaman, E; Kocaman, B; Ozturk, O, 2006)	2.17
"Sevoflurane induced an increase on [Ca2+]i from SN56 cells."	( The effect of sevoflurane on intracellular calcium concentration from cholinergic cells. Gomez, MV; Gomez, RS; Guatimosim, C; Pinheiro, AC; Prado, MA; Silva, JH, 2006)	1.42
"Sevoflurane produced an increase in action potential duration at concentrations of 0.3-1 mm. "	( Mechanisms underlying the QT interval-prolonging effects of sevoflurane and its interactions with other QT-prolonging drugs. Chen, XL; Ji, J; Kang, J; Rampe, DE; Reynolds, WP; Wang, H, 2006)	2.02
"Sevoflurane does not increase intracranial pressure, while propofol decreases intracranial pressure."	( Inhalational or intravenous anesthetics for craniotomies? Pro inhalational. Engelhard, K; Werner, C, 2006)	1.06
"The sevoflurane-induced increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate that was seen in the control and ovalbumin-sensitized groups was significantly suppressed in the chronic cigarette-smoking group."	( Different inhibitory effects of sevoflurane on hyperreactive airway smooth muscle contractility in ovalbumin-sensitized and chronic cigarette-smoking guinea pig models. Iwasaki, S; Namiki, A; Satoh, J; Yamakage, M, 2006)	1.1
"As sevoflurane, promotes the CICR (calcium-induced calcium release) mechanism, the trigger of this case is probably sevoflurane."	( [Case of malignant hyperthermia in which treatment was carried out smoothly]. Endo, K; Furuta, S; Kaneko, T; Morota, T; Obara, S; Ohmuzo, H; Onuma, T; Watanabe, K, 2007)	0.85
"Sevoflurane has a lower potential for hepatic in"	( Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Goa, KL; Patel, SS, 1996)	2.46
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood-gas solubility and a less pungent odour than halothane; this may allow more rapid induction of anaesthesia. "	( Rapid inhalation induction in children: 8% sevoflurane compared with 5% halothane. Hatch, DJ; Jackson, EA; Jenkins, AM; Mackersie, AM; Sigston, PE; Sury, MR, 1997)	2
"3. Sevoflurane did not increase schedule-controlled behavioural responses at any concentration."	( Psychomotor performance during initial stage of exposure to halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in mice. Komatsu, H; Kuratani, N; Nogaya, J; Ogli, K; Ueki, M; Yokono, S, )	0.86
"With sevoflurane, there was an increase in heart rate from baseline of 74 +/- 7 beats.min-1 to a maximum of 83 +/- 13 beats.min-1 (P = 0.038)."	( Sevoflurane for controlled hypotension during spinal surgery: preliminary experience in five adolescents. Tobias, JD, 1998)	2.2
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane, which may cause a more rapid recovery from anesthesia; it also might cause faster emergence times than for propofol-based anesthesia. "	( Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia: a comparison to isoflurane and propofol anesthesia. Ebert, TJ; Mackenthun, A; Pichotta, PJ; Robinson, BJ; Uhrich, TD, 1998)	2.1
"Sevoflurane has a lower blood:gas partition coefficient than isoflurane and thus should be associated with a more rapid recovery from anaesthesia."	( A review of recovery from sevoflurane anaesthesia: comparisons with isoflurane and propofol including meta-analysis. Ebert, TJ; Robinson, BJ; Uhrich, TD, 1999)	2.05
"Sevoflurane may increase the likelihood of recognition of an accidental intravascular injection of epinephrine-containing solutions in clinical practice compared with halothane."	( Cardiovascular criteria for epidural test dosing in sevoflurane- and halothane-anesthetized children. Jonas, K; Kozek-Langenecker, SA; Macik, T; Marhofer, P; Semsroth, M; Urak, G, 2000)	1.28
"Sevoflurane did not suppress the respiration and allowed assisted ventilation of the lungs, if necessary."	( [Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia for short surgical interventions]. Al'-Kattan, A; Dubikaĭtis, AIu; Ivanova, MP; Khorokhordin, NE; Koniukhova, SG; Sudzhat Ali, S, )	1.76
"Sevoflurane did not produce greater increases in creatinine than isoflurane or propofol after elective coronary artery surgery."	( Changes in plasma creatinine concentration after cardiac anesthesia with isoflurane, propofol, or sevoflurane: a randomized clinical trial. Liu, G; McNicol, PL; Poustie, S; Story, DA, 2001)	1.97
"Sevoflurane was added to produce 0.9 or 2.1 mM medium concentrations."	( Sevoflurane is biotransformed by guinea pig liver slices but causes minimal cytotoxicity. Brendel, K; Fernando, J; Gandolfi, AJ; Ghantous, HN, 1992)	2.45

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sevoflurane treatment caused inflammatory markers IL6, IL-10 and TNF-α high expression in primary hippocampal neurons and blood samples."	( Sevoflurane induces inflammation in primary hippocampal neurons by regulating Hoxa5/Gm5106/miR-27b-3p positive feedback loop. Ma, L; Zhu, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Sevoflurane treatment reduced the apoptosis of myocardial cells after hypoxia treatment."	( Effects of Sevoflurane on Apoptosis of Myocardial Cells in IRI Rats. Du, X; Wang, H; Zhang, K; Zhang, S, 2021)	2.45
"Sevoflurane treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and up-regulated the expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 (P < 0.05), which demonstrated that sevoflurane inhibited proliferation and differentiation of neuronal cells by activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling both in vitro and vivo."	( miR-424 inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory responses induced by sevoflurane through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Li, Z; Wang, T; Yu, Y, 2022)	1.68
"Sevoflurane treatment inhibited the expression of circ_VCAN and NFIB, but elevated the expression of miR-146b-5p in glioma cells."	( Sevoflurane inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioma through regulating miR-146b-5p/NFIB axis. Cheng, G; Feng, Y; Li, X; Pan, H; Qu, H; Quan, L; Shi, X; Wang, H; Yang, A; Ye, J, 2022)	2.89
"Sevoflurane treatment significantly decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells."	( 4.8% sevoflurane induces activation of autophagy in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Chen, Y; Cheng, H; Jin, X; Li, Y; Liu, C; Lv, J; Yang, Z; Yao, W, 2022)	1.96
"Sevoflurane or LPS treatment increased activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in the hippocampal subiculum and CA1, which was greater when sevoflurane was administered in the setting of LPS-induced inflammation. "	( Systemic inflammation exacerbates developmental neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane in neonatal rats. Cabrera, OH; Jevtovic-Todorovic, V; Liechty, C; Maksimovic, S; Quillinan, N; Useinovic, N, 2022)	2.4
"Sevoflurane treatment reversed these changes."	( LncRNA UCA1 epigenetically suppresses APAF1 expression to mediate the protective effect of sevoflurane against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Chen, Y; Huang, C; Jin, G; Yang, Z; Zhang, Y; Zheng, J, 2022)	1.66
"Sevoflurane (Sevo) post-treatment exerts an alleviative role in neuroinflammation."	( Sevoflurane Post-treatment Mitigates Oxygen-glucose Deprivationinduced Pyroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons by Regulating the Mafb/DUSP14 Axis. Chen, C; Zhang, H; Zuo, J, 2022)	2.89
"Sevoflurane treatment just after context pre-exposure session impaired the CPFE memory, suggesting sevoflurane induced retrograde amnesia."	( Sevoflurane-induced amnesia is associated with inhibition of hippocampal cell ensemble activity after learning. Asai, H; Ghandour, K; Inokuchi, K; Kameyama, A; Nomoto, M; Ohkawa, N; Ohno, S; Saitoh, Y; Yamazaki, M, 2022)	2.89
"The sevoflurane-treated offspring took longer than the control rats to find the MWM platform during the learning phase."	( Prenatal Sevoflurane Exposure Impairs the Learning and Memory of Rat Offspring via HMGB1-Induced NLRP3/ASC Inflammasome Activation. Ding, X; Liu, H; Liu, P; Shan, Y; Yang, J; Zhou, Y, 2023)	1.81
"Sevoflurane treatment ameliorated myocardial injury and pyroptosis in MIRI via circPAN3/miR-29b-3p/SDF4 axis."	( Sevoflurane exerts protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and pyroptosis through the circular RNA PAN3/microRNA-29b-3p/stromal cell-derived factor 4 axis. An, L; Gao, H; Li, A; Liu, Y; Tan, J; Wang, S; Yang, T; Zhong, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Sevoflurane treatment decreased microglia activation by suppressing NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways."	( Effect of sevoflurane treatment on microglia activation, NF-kB and MAPK activities. Shi, J; Yu, X; Zhang, F, 2019)	1.64
"Sevoflurane treatment promoted ROS generation, inflammation and apoptosis while impeded the viability of HT22 cells via upregulating long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG1."	( Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 contributes to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through negatively modulating microRNA-181b. Hou, D; Wang, D; Yang, X; Zhang, N, 2020)	1.52
"Sevoflurane treatment also increased mitochondrial reactive-oxygen species stress and decreased autophagy in the cochlear explants."	( Ribbon Synapses and Hearing Impairment in Mice After in utero Sevoflurane Exposure. Li, W; Li, Y; Liu, H; Shen, X; Yu, H; Yuan, X, 2020)	1.52
"Sevoflurane treatment down-regulated THAP11 in H9C2 cell models, which promoted cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, and death in the OGD/R injury cell model."	( THAP11 down-regulation may contribute to cardio-protective effects of sevoflurane anesthesia: Evidence from clinical and molecular evidence. Chen, F; Chen, H; Duan, G; Duan, Z; Li, H; Zhou, X, 2021)	1.58
"Sevoflurane post-treatment decreased G9a and H3K9me2 levels, and G9a level was negatively correlated with NRF2 level."	( Post-Treatment Sevoflurane Protects Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats by Downregulating Histone Methyltransferase G9a and Upregulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2). Li, X; Wang, H; Xu, Y; Zhang, H; Zhu, S, 2021)	1.7
"Sevoflurane treatment induced cognitive dysfunction and motor impairment in aged WT mice."	( Pleiotrophin Potentiates Sevoflurane Anesthesia-induced Learning Deficits in Mice. Mao, S; Wang, L; Yu, J; Zhu, C, 2022)	1.75
"Sevoflurane treatment or autophagy inhibition markedly attenuated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis."	( Sevoflurane prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting PI3KC3-mediated autophagy. Bu, M; Lu, Y; Yun, H, 2019)	2.68
"Sevoflurane treatments modified the cell proliferation rate in both cell lines showing an increase or decrease when applied to CIPp or CIPm, respectively. "	( Canine mammary tumour cells exposure to sevoflurane: effects on cell proliferation and neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 expression. Argano, M; Buracco, P; De Maria, R; Larenza Menzies, MP; Rodlsberger, K; Vogl, C, 2019)	2.22
"Sevoflurane after-treatment revived the intensity of fluorescence of the endothelial glycocalyx compared to the hydrogen peroxide group."	( Sevoflurane Promotes Regeneration of the Endothelial Glycocalyx by Upregulating Sialyltransferase. Azumaguchi, R; Hamada, K; Kazuma, S; Kimizuka, M; Tokinaga, Y; Yamakage, M, 2019)	2.68
"A 2% sevoflurane treatment resulted in a restoration of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling and expression of cytokines and BDNF."	( Sevoflurane Exerts an Anti-depressive Action by Blocking the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Rats. Geng, M; Guo, Z; Ma, Q; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, F, 2019)	2.41
"Sevoflurane treatment S3 received 1 MAC sevoflurane + 2 L/min oxygen for 14 days, 2 h/day and sevoflurane treatment S4 received 1 MAC sevoflurane + 2 L/min oxygen for 14 days, 2 h/day, with no treatment for the following seven days."	( Evaluation of effects of repeated sevoflurane exposure on rat testicular tissue and reproductive hormones. Arici, S; Cayli, S; Erdemir, F; Karaman, S; Kaya, Z; Sogut, E; Suren, M, 2013)	1.39
"Sevoflurane treatment did not suppress bioluminescence in the kidney cortex or the anterior pituitary gland."	( Direct and specific effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on rat Per2 expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Akimoto, T; Anzai, M; Higo, S; Iijima, N; Kadota, K; Matsuo, I; Mori, K; Ohe, Y; Ozawa, H; Sakamoto, A; Takumi, K, 2013)	1.4
"Sevoflurane-treated animals had a deficit in early long-term memory, and isoflurane-treated animals had a deficit in both short-term and early long-term memory."	( Distinct long-term neurocognitive outcomes after equipotent sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in immature rats. Alvi, RS; Barbour, KC; Ben-Tzur, D; Chang, FL; Di Geronimo, RT; Elphick, SA; Huang, P; Kang, H; Kong, CL; McCreery, MS; Park, A; Quitoriano, GR; Ramage, TM; Rau, V; Rossi, MJ; Sall, JW; Shih, J; Stratmann, G; Tantoco, NK; Uy, J; Zhao, C, 2013)	1.35
"Sevoflurane pretreatment exerts a protective effect on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury but there is no significant dose-response relationship in the concentration range used. "	( Protective effect of sevoflurane on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the rat: A dose-response study. Jiang, P; Liu, H; Liu, L; Zhou, SP, 2013)	2.15
"Sevoflurane pretreatment comprised exposure to 2.5 % sevoflurane for 30 min, followed by exposure to air for 10 min."	( Effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on renal Src and FAK expression in diabetic rats after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Liao, WT; Sun, L; Yang, LK; Zhou, SP, 2013)	1.5
"Sevoflurane treatment did not affect the concentration of NAD(+) in the SCN."	( Epigenetic suppression of mouse Per2 expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by the inhalational anesthetic, sevoflurane. Aikawa, S; Higo, S; Iijima, N; Matsuo, I; Mori, K; Ozawa, H; Sakamoto, A; Takumi, K, 2014)	1.34
"Sevoflurane pretreatment can reduce the lung tissue permeability, and LIRI plays a protective role in LIRI."	( Effect of sevoflurane on tissue permeability of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Che, JB; Li, XH; Li, Y; Liu, WC; Liu, ZH; Ma, HB; Shi, GN; Zhao, H, 2014)	2.25
"Sevoflurane treatment did not reduce postoperative troponin T, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB values."	( Cardiospecific sevoflurane treatment quenches inflammation but does not attenuate myocardial cell damage markers: a proof-of-concept study in patients undergoing mitral valve repair. Aarts, LP; Cobbaert, CM; Engbers, FH; Klautz, RJ; Kortekaas, KA; Lindeman, JH; Palmen, M; van der Baan, A; Verhagen, JC, 2014)	1.48
"Sevoflurane is treated as the control anaesthesia in this review."	( Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children. Ahmed, S; Burgoyne, LL; Chooi, C; Costi, D; Cyna, AM; Ellwood, J; Larsson, JN; Middleton, P; Stephens, K; Strickland, P, 2014)	1.51
"Sevoflurane-treated rats performed better during the training days of the Morris water maze test and in contextual-fear discrimination learning test."	( Low-dose sevoflurane promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and facilitates the development of dentate gyrus-dependent learning in neonatal rats. Chen, C; Shen, FY; Wang, YW; Wang, ZR; Xu, DJ; Zhao, X; Zhou, T, )	1.27
"Sevoflurane pretreatment promoted pulmonary expression of occludin and ZO-1 after reperfusion and inhibited the translocation of PKC-α."	( Effects of sevoflurane on tight junction protein expression and PKC-α translocation after pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury. Chai, J; Chen, W; Han, N; Li, Y; Liu, X; Long, B; Zhao, P, 2015)	1.53
"Sevoflurane treatment and/or surgery reduced anti‑apoptotic activity, and the postoperative cognitive dysfunction following surgery may be due to mTOR signaling pathway inhibition in aged rats."	( Mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase signaling is altered by sevoflurane and/or surgery in aged rats. Chen, L; Gao, M; Guo, W; Jiao, L; Liu, Y; Ma, L; Ma, Y; Pan, N, 2015)	1.36
"Sevoflurane treatment significantly reduced the coagulative necrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (p<0.05)."	( Mechanisms of the beneficial effect of sevoflurane in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cavalcante, FP; Chaib, E; Coelho, AM; D'Albuquerque, LA; Diniz, MA; Machado, MC; Patzina, RA; Sampietre, SN, 2015)	1.41
"Sevoflurane pretreatment were performed on WT and HIF-2α knockout mice before renal ischemia/reperfusion."	( Sevoflurane pretreatment enhance HIF-2α expression in mice after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chen, J; He, Z; Xu, H; Zhan, Q; Zheng, B, 2015)	2.58
"Sevoflurane pretreatment preserved the endothelial glycocalyx in the liver tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury."	( Protective effects of sevoflurane in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Li, J; Liu, HQ; Lv, GY; Yuan, T; Zhao, X, 2016)	1.47
"Sevoflurane-treated rats showed hyper-locomotion and impairment of working memory in the behavior tests."	( A lasting effect of postnatal sevoflurane anesthesia on the composition of NMDA receptor subunits in rat prefrontal cortex. Shen, F; Xu, D; Zhang, X; Zhao, X, 2016)	1.44
"Sevoflurane treatment induced apoptosis and markedly increased the LC3-II level and GFP-LC3 puncta number, decreased p62 expression in H4 cells. "	( Autophagy activation prevents sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in H4 human neuroglioma cells. Chen, G; Wang, QX; Zhou, HY; Zhou, YF, 2016)	2.17
"Sevoflurane treatment induces ER stress and activates autophagy, which antagonizes sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in H4 human neuroglioma cells. "	( Autophagy activation prevents sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in H4 human neuroglioma cells. Chen, G; Wang, QX; Zhou, HY; Zhou, YF, 2016)	2.17
"Sevoflurane treatment reduced levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α."	( Sevoflurane Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Lung Transplantation Model. Cypel, M; Guan, Z; Hwang, DM; Keshavjee, S; Kim, H; Liu, M; Marseu, K; McRae, K; Ohsumi, A; Slinger, P, 2017)	2.62
"Sevoflurane treatment reduced IGF‑1 levels and simultaneously upregulated microRNA‑98 expression levelsin rat hepatocytes and adult mice."	( Sevoflurane downregulates IGF‑1 via microRNA‑98. Chen, Z; Jiang, H; Jiang, J; Yan, J; Yang, Y, 2017)	2.62
"Sevoflurane pretreatment can protect neuron on ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating neuronal apoptosis in rats."	( [Protective effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats]. Hu, ZY; Lin, HF; Zhu, ZR, 2009)	2.11
"Sevoflurane/olprinone treatment attenuated the bronchoconstriction induced by the highest dose of Ach with RL being significantly lower (0.318 ± 0.056 cmH2O ml(-1) s(-1)) than those observed in the control group (0.437 ± 0.061 cmH2O ml(-1) s(-1)), sevoflurane group (0.378 ± 0.052 cmH2O ml(-1) s(-1)) and in the sevoflurane/theophylline group (0.374 ± 0.073 cmH2O ml(-1) s(-1))."	( Synergic bronchodilator effects of a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor olprinone with a volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane in ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs. Iwasaki, S; Watanabe, A; Yamakage, M; Zhou, J, 2011)	1.3
"Sevoflurane pretreatment also suppressed the activation of astrocytes and microglias in ipsilateral cortex and corpus callosum."	( Sevoflurane preconditioning protects blood-brain-barrier against brain ischemia. Chen, J; Chu, M; Gan, Y; Gao, H; Gao, Y; Li, P; Liang, W; Lu, S; Shi, H; Wang, H; Yu, Q, 2011)	2.53
"Sevoflurane treatment also caused increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK at 24 and 72 h after reperfusion."	( Delayed neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane via opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Guo, Q; Wang, E; Wang, N; Xia, P; Ye, Z; Yuan, Y, 2012)	1.38
"Sevoflurane-treated rats had a greater escape latency when the delay between memory acquisition and memory retrieval was increased from 1 min to 1 h, indicating that short-term memory was impaired. "	( Delayed environmental enrichment reverses sevoflurane-induced memory impairment in rats. Alvi, RS; Bickler, PE; Carlston, CM; Gonzalez, HE; Guggenheim, JN; Kang, H; Lalchandani, GR; Lee, EW; May, LD; Mendoza, MV; Rau, V; Rowe, AM; Sall, JW; Schaefer, M; Shih, J; Stratmann, G; Wilk, AJ; Woodward, E; Yusupova, M, 2012)	2.09
"Sevoflurane treatment can attenuate lung inflammation in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury."	( Preventive effects of sevoflurane treatment on lung inflammation in rats. Liu, GZ; Song, SY; Tian, JM; Yang, SM; Yue, XQ; Zhou, B, 2013)	2.15
"Sevoflurane pretreatment inhibited inflammatory responses and decreased mortality in rats exposed to endotoxin."	( Sevoflurane pretreatment inhibits endotoxin-induced shock in rats. Kanakura, H; Kidani, Y; Takemoto, Y; Taniguchi, T; Tsuda, K; Yamamoto, K, 2005)	2.49
"Sevoflurane pretreatment decreased mortality rate, severity of hypotension, and acidosis, and inhibited cytokine responses in rats injected with endotoxin, suggesting that sevoflurane may be an anesthetic of choice in endotoxemic states."	( Sevoflurane pretreatment inhibits endotoxin-induced shock in rats. Kanakura, H; Kidani, Y; Takemoto, Y; Taniguchi, T; Tsuda, K; Yamamoto, K, 2005)	3.21
"Sevoflurane treatment resulted in phosphorylation of prosurvival kinases, ERK and Akt, and increased de novo HSP-70 protein synthesis without affecting the synthesis of HSP-27 or HSP-32."	( Anti-inflammatory and antinecrotic effects of the volatile anesthetic sevoflurane in kidney proximal tubule cells. Emala, CW; Jan, M; Kim, M; Lee, HT, 2006)	1.29
"4. Sevoflurane treatment significantly alters cardiac action potential waveforms when administered in the presence of impaired Na(+) channel inactivation."	( Functional interaction between DPI 201-106, a drug that mimics congenital long QT syndrome, and sevoflurane on the guinea-pig cardiac action potential. Chen, XL; Kang, J; Rampe, D; Reynolds, WP, 2007)	1.07
"In sevoflurane-treated trabeculae, PKC-alpha translocated towards mitochondria, as shown by immunofluorescent co-localization analysis."	( Sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection depends on PKC-alpha activation via production of reactive oxygen species. Boer, C; Bouwman, RA; de Lange, JJ; Lamberts, RR; Loer, SA; Musters, RJ; van Beek-Harmsen, BJ, 2007)	2.3
"Sevoflurane-treated hearts (1 and 2 MAC) also showed decreased adhesion of PMNs (23 +/- 2.3% and 24.8 +/- 1.8%, respectively; P < .05) and an identical reduction resulted when sevoflurane (1 MAC) was applied only with the onset of reperfusion."	( Halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane reduce postischemic adhesion of neutrophils in the coronary system. Becker, BF; Conzen, PF; Flaucher, A; Gerlach, E; Kowalski, C; Peter, K; Zahler, S, 1997)	1.32
"Pretreatment of sevoflurane exposed neurons with oxymatrine hydrazone inhibited apoptosis, suppressed BAX/caspase-3 and elevated BCL-2."	( Synthesis of oxymatrine hydrazone and its preventive action against sevoflurane induced neuron damage through ERK pathway up-regulation. Yang, H; Yang, J; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, W, 2022)	1.29
"Co-treatment with sevoflurane and cisplatin markedly improved the sensitivity of SH-SY5Y-SR cells to cisplatin, which inhibited the occurrence of cisplatin resistance. "	( Sevoflurane reverses cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma cells through the linc00473/miR-490-5p/AKT1 axis. Fu, X; Guo, H; Li, H; Sun, Y; Wang, D; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.5
"Treatment with sevoflurane or desflurane caused no or only slight changes in cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis rate. "	( Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Proliferation and Viability of SW480 Colon Cancer Cells Brockhoff, G; Bundscherer, AC; Graf, BM; Gruber, MA; Malsy, M; Sinner, B; Ullrich, V, 2019)	0.87
"The treatment of sevoflurane upregulated miR-203 expression, which targeted MyD88 and attenuate neuroinflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion."	( Sevoflurane Post-treatment Upregulated miR-203 Expression to Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Neuroinflammation by Targeting MyD88. Chen, H; Gu, C; Zhong, H, 2020)	2.33
"Treatment with sevoflurane enhanced the expression of Capn4, while overexpression of miR124 suppressed the enhanced expression of Capn4."	( MiR-124 protects against cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in vivo and in vitro through targeting calpain small subunit 1 via NF-κB signaling pathway. Li, Y; Ma, L; Tai, Y; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Z, 2021)	1.21
"The treatment of sevoflurane could reduce miR-155 expression and increased SIRT1 expression in the myocardial tissues, under which conditions, cardiac functions were promoted, accompanied by reduced infarct size and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis."	( Downregulation of microRNA-155 stimulates sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by binding to SIRT1 in mice. Hao, F; Hu, X; Huang, G, 2019)	1.11
"Pretreatment with sevoflurane for 15 or 60 min did not attenuate the increase in intracellular sodium or the decrease in intracellular potassium during hypoxia. "	( Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates the fall in adenosine triphosphate levels, but does not alter the changes in sodium and potassium levels during hypoxia in rat hippocampal slices. Cottrell, JE; Esenther, BR; Ge, Z; Kass, IS; Meng, F, 2013)	2.17
"Pretreatment with sevoflurane effectively attenuates direct severe lung injury, possibly by inhibition of neutrophil accumulation and alteration of the surfactant composition."	( Pretreatment with sevoflurane attenuates direct lung injury. Fragopoulou, E; Kalimeris, K; Karamitopoulou, E; Kostopanagiotou, G; Matsota, P; Nomikos, T; Politi, AN; Zerva, A, 2014)	1.07
"Treatment with sevoflurane before coronary occlusion seem effective in reducing functional myocardial impairment due to ischemia."	( [Cardiac protection is a clinical evidence]. Baldassarri, R; Cariello, C; Doroni, L; Guarracino, F; Vullo, C, 2004)	0.68
"Pretreatment with sevoflurane enhanced the hypoxic hyperpolarization(-6.4+/-0.6 vs."	( Sevoflurane immediate preconditioning alters hypoxic membrane potential changes in rat hippocampal slices and improves recovery of CA1 pyramidal cells after hypoxia and global cerebral ischemia. Cottrell, JE; Kass, IS; Lei, B; Meng, F; Popp, S; Wang, J, 2007)	2.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" We tested whether toxic products were produced by the passage of sevoflurane through soda lime, and a comparison was made of the toxicity of sevoflurane passed through soda lime with the toxicity of other potent volatile anesthetics in current clinical use."	( Toxicity of sevoflurane in rats. Eger, EI; Ferrell, LD; Johnson, BH; Steffey, EP; Strum, DP, 1987)	0.89
"Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity is mediated by cytochrome P450-catalyzed metabolism to toxic metabolites."	( Human kidney methoxyflurane and sevoflurane metabolism. Intrarenal fluoride production as a possible mechanism of methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity. Hankins, DC; Kharasch, ED; Thummel, KE, 1995)	0.57
" Although dose-related, neither the lethal nor the toxic effects are simply a function of cumulative dose (concentration-time)."	( Toxicity of compound A in rats. Effect of increasing duration of administration. Eger, EI; Ferrell, LD; Gonsowski, CT; Kerschmann, RL; Laster, MJ, 1994)	0.29
" Furthermore, all adverse effects were recorded and the relationship to the drug administered was rated."	( [Emergence times, hemodynamics and adverse effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane: an open, randomized, comparative phase iii study]. Hobbhahn, J; Hörauf, K; Schwürzer, S; Wiesner, G, 1994)	0.54
"Soda lime converts sevoflurane to CF2 = C(CF3)OCH2F, an olefin called compound A, whose toxicity raises concerns regarding the safe administration of sevoflurane via rebreathing circuits."	( Toxicity of compound A in rats. Effect of a 3-hour administration. Eger, EI; Ferrell, LD; Gonsowski, CT; Kerschmann, RL; Laster, MJ, 1994)	0.62
" The incidence of adverse events was similar for both anesthetics."	( Induction, recovery, and safety characteristics of sevoflurane in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. A comparison with halothane. Carpenter, R; Davis, PJ; Haberkern, CM; Hannallah, R; Lerman, J; Motoyama, E; Orr, RJ; Rabb, M; Welborn, LG, 1996)	0.55
" Moderate duration low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, during which compound A formation occurs, appears to be as safe as low-flow isoflurane anesthesia."	( Assessment of low-flow sevoflurane and isoflurane effects on renal function using sensitive markers of tubular toxicity. Artru, A; Bowdle, TA; Frink, EJ; Kharasch, ED; Nogami, WM; Zager, R, 1997)	0.9
"Carbon dioxide absorbents degrade both halothane and sevoflurane to toxic unsaturated compounds (CF2=CBrCl and CH2F-O-C[=CF2][CF3] [i."	( Quantitative differences in the production and toxicity of CF2=BrCl versus CH2F-O-C(=CF2)(CF3) (compound A): the safety of halothane does not indicate the safety of sevoflurane. Eger, EI; Gong, D; Ionescu, P; Kerschmann, RL; Laster, MJ; Weiskopf, RB, 1997)	0.74
" This was followed by toxic effects on peritoneal organs and surfaces, except for sevoflurane, which did not produce any lesions."	( Fluorinated anesthetics differ in toxic effects on peritoneum and subjacent tissues. Levine, S; Saltzman, A, )	0.36
" Although the toxicity of this compound was originally hypothesized to result from the biotransformation of its cysteine conjugates into toxic thionoacyl halide metabolites by renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, recent evidence suggests that alternative mechanisms may be responsible for compound A nephrotoxicity."	( Immunochemical evidence against the involvement of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase in compound A nephrotoxicity in rats. Borkowf, CB; Marchick, MR; Martin, JL; Njoku, DB; Pohl, LR; Sokoloski, EA, 1999)	0.3
" These studies show that Compound A is directly toxic to the liver, possibly via P 450 activation, and Compound A can react with sulfhydryls directly to produce a nephrotoxic."	( Toxicity of a sevoflurane degradation product incubated with rat liver and renal cortical slices. Catania, JM; Gandolfi, AJ; Parrish, AR, 2001)	0.67
" Until recently, inorganic fluoride has been thought to be the aetiological agent responsible for fluorinated anaesthetic nephrotoxicity, with a toxic concentration threshold of 50 micromol/L in serum."	( Renal toxicity with sevoflurane: a storm in a teacup? Gentz, BA; Malan, TP, 2001)	0.63
" Atropine and diazepam in the premedication, propofol and fentanyl during induction, muscle relaxation facilitation by vecuronium, and sevoflurane or isoflurane for maintenance seem to be a safe general anesthetic choice for analgesic intolerant patients with and without asthma."	( General anesthesia and postoperative pain management in analgesic intolerant patients with/without asthma: is it safe? Basgül, E; Bozkurt, B; Celiker, V; Kalyoncu, AF; Karakaya, G; Oguzalp, H, )	0.33
" FDVE-mercapturic acid sulfoxides were more toxic than other FDVE conjugates to renal proximal tubular cells in culture."	( Role of cytochrome P4503A in cysteine S-conjugates sulfoxidation and the nephrotoxicity of the sevoflurane degradation product fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether (compound A) in rats. Altuntas, TG; Kharasch, ED; Liggitt, HD; Schroeder, JL; Sheffels, P, 2004)	0.54
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
"We report a safe anesthetic management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using sevoflurane."	( Sevoflurane is safe for anesthetic management in patients with multiple sclerosis. Furuya, H; Inoue, S, 2006)	2
" The analysis indicates that the use of sevoflurane for mask induction and anesthetic maintenance is possible and safe for patients with ASA I-III."	( [Efficacy and safety of sevoflurane in various anesthesia modes (according to the results of a multicenter study)]. Mizikov, VM; Peĭkarova, AV; Sarkisova, NG; Stamov, VI; Vashchinskaia, TV, )	0.71
" Sevoflurane is generally considered to be relatively safe for subjects with mild liver dysfunction, in comparison with other halogenated anesthetics."	( Sevoflurane hepatotoxicity: a case report of sevoflurane hepatic necrosis and review of the literature. Anand, K; Gray, T; Guzman, G; Singhal, S; Verma, A, )	2.48
"The aim of this study was to compare intubating conditions and adverse events after sevoflurane induction in infants, with or without the use of rocuronium or alfentanil."	( Intubating conditions and adverse events during sevoflurane induction in infants. Devys, JM; Donnette, FX; Dureau, P; Le Bigot, P; Mourissoux, G; Plat, R; Plaud, B; Schauvliège, F, 2011)	0.85
" The secondary outcome criteria were respiratory (Sp(O₂) <90%, laryngospasm, closed vocal cords preventing intubation, bronchospasm) and haemodynamic adverse events (heart rate and mean arterial pressure variations ≥30% control value)."	( Intubating conditions and adverse events during sevoflurane induction in infants. Devys, JM; Donnette, FX; Dureau, P; Le Bigot, P; Mourissoux, G; Plat, R; Plaud, B; Schauvliège, F, 2011)	0.62
" Adverse respiratory events were significantly less frequent in the rocuronium group: 0% vs 33% in the placebo group and 30% in the alfentanil group (P=0."	( Intubating conditions and adverse events during sevoflurane induction in infants. Devys, JM; Donnette, FX; Dureau, P; Le Bigot, P; Mourissoux, G; Plat, R; Plaud, B; Schauvliège, F, 2011)	0.62
"3 mg kg⁻¹ rocuronium to 8% sevoflurane improved intubating conditions and decreased the frequency of respiratory adverse events."	( Intubating conditions and adverse events during sevoflurane induction in infants. Devys, JM; Donnette, FX; Dureau, P; Le Bigot, P; Mourissoux, G; Plat, R; Plaud, B; Schauvliège, F, 2011)	0.92
" SDM's toxic effects were tested on neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells, causing an exponential decrease in viability, while human dermal fibroblasts were completely resistant to the toxic effects."	( Carnosine protects against the neurotoxic effects of a serotonin-derived melanoid. Brownrigg, TD; Fibuch, EE; Seidler, NW; Theisen, CS, 2011)	0.37
"Sevoflurane is an effective and safe alternative to midazolam in ICU patients associated with a moderate increase in costs."	( [Efficacy, safety and cost of sedation with sevoflurane in intensive care unit]. Arnal, JM; Bisbal, M; Corno, G; Demory, D; Donati, SY; Durand-Gasselin, J; Granier, I; Passelac, A; Sallée, M, 2011)	2.07
"To provide data on the epidemiology of adverse events during sedation for endoscopy."	( Adverse events during monitored anesthesia care for GI endoscopy: an 8-year experience. Agostoni, M; Beretta, L; Fanti, L; Gemma, M; Pasculli, N; Testoni, PA, 2011)	0.37
" Adverse events were defined as occurrences that warranted intervention and were classified as hypotension, desaturation, bradycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia, aspiration, respiratory depression, vomiting, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, angina, hypoglycemia, and/or allergic reaction."	( Adverse events during monitored anesthesia care for GI endoscopy: an 8-year experience. Agostoni, M; Beretta, L; Fanti, L; Gemma, M; Pasculli, N; Testoni, PA, 2011)	0.37
" Adverse events were rare in both the adult (4."	( Adverse events during monitored anesthesia care for GI endoscopy: an 8-year experience. Agostoni, M; Beretta, L; Fanti, L; Gemma, M; Pasculli, N; Testoni, PA, 2011)	0.37
"Deep sedation during endoscopic procedures is safe in both adults and children."	( Adverse events during monitored anesthesia care for GI endoscopy: an 8-year experience. Agostoni, M; Beretta, L; Fanti, L; Gemma, M; Pasculli, N; Testoni, PA, 2011)	0.37
" However, no consensus has been reached whether sevoflurane could have adverse effects on renal function in cirrhotic patients."	( Sevoflurane has no adverse effects on renal function in cirrhotic patients: a comparison with propofol. Lu, ZJ; Song, JC; Sun, YM; Wu, QC; Yang, LQ; Yu, WF; Zhang, MZ, 2013)	2.09
" The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs)."	( Feasibility and safety of xenon compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia in coronary surgical patients: a randomized controlled pilot study. Autschbach, R; Coburn, M; Fahlenkamp, AV; Gozdowsky, SC; Rex, S; Rossaint, R; Schälte, G; Stoppe, C; Veeck, NC, 2013)	0.65
"Balanced xenon anaesthesia is feasible and safe compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery."	( Feasibility and safety of xenon compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia in coronary surgical patients: a randomized controlled pilot study. Autschbach, R; Coburn, M; Fahlenkamp, AV; Gozdowsky, SC; Rex, S; Rossaint, R; Schälte, G; Stoppe, C; Veeck, NC, 2013)	0.89
"In a phase-II, mono-centre, prospective, single-blind, randomised, controlled study, we will test the hypothesis that the administration of 50% xenon as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children undergoing elective cardiac catheterization is safe and feasible."	( Safety and feasibility of xenon as an adjuvant to sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing interventional or diagnostic cardiac catheterization: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Boshoff, D; Devroe, S; Gewillig, M; Lemiere, J; Rex, S; Van de Velde, M, 2015)	0.86
" This study sought to evaluate whether prolonged exposure of infant monkeys to a clinically relevant concentration of sevoflurane is associated with any adverse effects on the developing brain."	( Potential Adverse Effects of Prolonged Sevoflurane Exposure on Developing Monkey Brain: From Abnormal Lipid Metabolism to Neuronal Damage. Frisch-Daiello, JL; Han, X; Liu, F; Patterson, TA; Paule, MG; Rainosek, SW; Slikker, W; Wang, C, 2015)	0.9
" In vivo micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography imaging has been utilized as a minimally invasive method to detect anesthetic-induced neuronal adverse effects in animal studies."	( In Vivo Monitoring of Sevoflurane-induced Adverse Effects in Neonatal Nonhuman Primates Using Small-animal Positron Emission Tomography. Apana, SM; Berridge, MS; Brown, CC; Callicott, R; Hanig, JP; Liu, F; Liu, S; Maisha, MP; Newport, GD; Patterson, TA; Paule, MG; Slikker, W; Thompson, J; Wang, C; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.75
" Sevoflurane-induced adverse effects were confirmed by histopathologic evidence as well."	( In Vivo Monitoring of Sevoflurane-induced Adverse Effects in Neonatal Nonhuman Primates Using Small-animal Positron Emission Tomography. Apana, SM; Berridge, MS; Brown, CC; Callicott, R; Hanig, JP; Liu, F; Liu, S; Maisha, MP; Newport, GD; Patterson, TA; Paule, MG; Slikker, W; Thompson, J; Wang, C; Zhang, X, 2016)	1.66
" ALC is a potential protective agent against some of the adverse effects associated with such exposures."	( In Vivo Monitoring of Sevoflurane-induced Adverse Effects in Neonatal Nonhuman Primates Using Small-animal Positron Emission Tomography. Apana, SM; Berridge, MS; Brown, CC; Callicott, R; Hanig, JP; Liu, F; Liu, S; Maisha, MP; Newport, GD; Patterson, TA; Paule, MG; Slikker, W; Thompson, J; Wang, C; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.75
"Limited evidence suggests that children have a lower incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events when intravenous propofol is used compared with inhalational sevoflurane for the anesthesia induction."	( Inhalational versus Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia in Children with a High Risk of Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hall, GL; Hegarty, M; Ramgolam, A; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS; Zhang, G, 2018)	0.68
"Children (N = 300; 0 to 8 yr) with at least two clinically relevant risk factors for perioperative respiratory adverse events and deemed suitable for either technique of anesthesia induction were recruited and randomized to either intravenous propofol or inhalational sevoflurane."	( Inhalational versus Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia in Children with a High Risk of Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hall, GL; Hegarty, M; Ramgolam, A; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS; Zhang, G, 2018)	0.66
"Children receiving intravenous propofol were significantly less likely to experience perioperative respiratory adverse events compared with those who received inhalational sevoflurane after adjusting for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status and weight (perioperative respiratory adverse event: 39/149 [26%] vs."	( Inhalational versus Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia in Children with a High Risk of Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hall, GL; Hegarty, M; Ramgolam, A; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS; Zhang, G, 2018)	0.67
"Where clinically appropriate, anesthesiologists should consider using an intravenous propofol induction technique in children who are at high risk of experiencing perioperative respiratory adverse events."	( Inhalational versus Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia in Children with a High Risk of Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hall, GL; Hegarty, M; Ramgolam, A; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS; Zhang, G, 2018)	0.48
" However, the molecular mechanism underlying this side effect is unknown."	( Sevoflurane‑induced neurotoxicity is driven by OXR1 post‑transcriptional downregulation involving hsa‑miR‑302e. Lei, X; Peng, J; Shen, Q; Xia, Y; Yang, L, 2018)	1.92
" Airway-related adverse events, sevoflurane induction time, MRI scanning time, and recovery time were recorded."	( Serious airway-related adverse events with sevoflurane anesthesia via facemask for magnetic resonance imaging in 7129 pediatric patients: A retrospective study. Chao, L; Lei, H; Miao, T; Shen Ling, L; Xiao Han, P; Yan Ying, P; Yun Bo, X, 2019)	1.06
"After sevoflurane anesthesia, there were 28 severe airway-related adverse events (0."	( Serious airway-related adverse events with sevoflurane anesthesia via facemask for magnetic resonance imaging in 7129 pediatric patients: A retrospective study. Chao, L; Lei, H; Miao, T; Shen Ling, L; Xiao Han, P; Yan Ying, P; Yun Bo, X, 2019)	1.26
"The major severe airway-related adverse events among pediatric patients associated with sevoflurane anesthesia were respiratory apnea and airway obstruction."	( Serious airway-related adverse events with sevoflurane anesthesia via facemask for magnetic resonance imaging in 7129 pediatric patients: A retrospective study. Chao, L; Lei, H; Miao, T; Shen Ling, L; Xiao Han, P; Yan Ying, P; Yun Bo, X, 2019)	1
" Alternative or mitigating strategies to counteract such adverse effects are desirable."	( Neurotoxicity of sub-anesthetic doses of sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine co-administration in neonatal rats. Brambrink, AM; Grafe, MR; Neudecker, V; Perez-Zoghbi, JF; Zhu, W, 2020)	0.82
"Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane sensitizes rats to adverse effects of repeated exposure to the anesthetic."	( Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane expands the window of vulnerability to adverse effects of subsequent exposure to sevoflurane and alters hippocampal morphology via decitabine-sensitive mechanisms. Gravenstein, N; Ju, LS; Lei, L; Lin, Y; Martynyuk, AE; Morey, TE; Xu, N; Yang, J, 2020)	1.2
" The authors used the ND23 mutant for testing the hypothesis that anesthetics have toxic potential in carriers of mitochondrial mutations."	( Mitochondrial Complex I Mutations Predispose Drosophila to Isoflurane Neurotoxicity. Ganetzky, B; Olufs, ZPG; Perouansky, M; Wassarman, DA, 2020)	0.56
" These findings are supplementary to our previous observations and provide more evidence for better understanding the adverse effects of sevoflurane on the developing brain after an 8 -h exposure."	( Application of microRNA profiling to understand sevoflurane-induced adverse effects on developing monkey brain. Fogle, CM; Gong, B; Gu, Q; Hanig, JP; Liu, F; Liu, S; Patterson, TA; Slikker, W; Wang, C, 2020)	1.02
" In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of SEVO on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived neurons."	( TrkC Overexpression Protects Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. Chen, Z; Luo, X; Yang, Z; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.85
" SEVO-induced toxic effects were examined with the viability, live caspase 3/7, and neurite density assays, respectively."	( TrkC Overexpression Protects Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. Chen, Z; Luo, X; Yang, Z; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.85
" This study revealed a new toxic mechanism of Sev to the brain occurred through the dysfunction of iron metabolism."	( Effect of sevoflurane on iron homeostasis and toxicity in the brain of mice. Chang, Y; Gao, G; Li, X; Li, Y; Shi, Z; Thirupathi, A; Wang, M; Yu, P; Zhou, C; Zuo, Y, 2021)	1.02
" This review addressed the tolerability of sevoflurane in specific populations, particularly pediatrics, and is divided into 3 parts: (1) the history of sevoflurane use in anesthetic practice and the pharmacokinetic properties that make it advantageous in pediatric populations; (2) proposed mechanisms of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity; and (3) considerations due to potential adverse effects of sevoflurane in both short and long procedures."	( Anesthesia and the Developing Brain: A Review of Sevoflurane-induced Neurotoxicity in Pediatric Populations. Apai, C; Pandya Shah, S; Shah, R; Tran, K, 2021)	1.14
" This adverse event was classified as serious and was included in the national and European pharmacovigilance network, with the aim of preventing dangerous effects on patient health in clinical practice, by contributing to the enrichment of the literature."	( Fatal hepatotoxicity due to sevoflurane use in a paediatric patient after aortic repair: reality or fiction? A case of pharmacovigilance. Adames, V; Pichardo, P; Pradegan, N; Sanchez, LV; Zovi, A, 2023)	1.2
" At the cellular level, Sev exerts toxic effects in multiple aspects, making it difficult for effective interference."	( Melatonin pretreatment alleviates the long-term synaptic toxicity and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure via MT1 receptor-mediated Wnt signaling modulation. Guo, B; Liang, L; Lu, R; Mao, Z; Tang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Xie, R; Yang, X; Zeng, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.84
"Transversus abdominis plane block with subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane can provide effective and safe anesthesia in the cesarean section for a patient with ALS."	( Transversus abdominis plane block provides effective and safe anesthesia in the cesarean section for an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis parturient: A case report. Chen, L; Jiang, J; Li, S; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2021)	0.85
" The postoperative adverse reactions were similar between the 2 groups (P > ."	( Efficacy and safety of sevoflurane vs propofol in combination with remifentanil for anesthesia maintenance during craniotomy: A meta-analysis. Ying, M; Zhao, R; Zhou, Z, 2021)	0.93
"The removal of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA®) in children may be associated with respiratory adverse events."	( Respiratory Adverse Events After LMA® Mask Removal in Children: A Randomized Trial Comparing Propofol to Sevoflurane. Abi Raad, SG; Aouad, MT; Beresian, J; Kaddoum, R; Karam, C; Khalili, A; Shebbo, FM; Yazbeck-Karam, V; Zeeni, C, 2023)	1.12
" The primary aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of at least 1 respiratory adverse event, the prevalence of individual respiratory adverse events, and the airway hyperreactivity score following emergence from anesthesia between the 2 groups."	( Respiratory Adverse Events After LMA® Mask Removal in Children: A Randomized Trial Comparing Propofol to Sevoflurane. Abi Raad, SG; Aouad, MT; Beresian, J; Kaddoum, R; Karam, C; Khalili, A; Shebbo, FM; Yazbeck-Karam, V; Zeeni, C, 2023)	1.12
"01) of respiratory adverse outcomes compared to the patients receiving inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane."	( Respiratory Adverse Events After LMA® Mask Removal in Children: A Randomized Trial Comparing Propofol to Sevoflurane. Abi Raad, SG; Aouad, MT; Beresian, J; Kaddoum, R; Karam, C; Khalili, A; Shebbo, FM; Yazbeck-Karam, V; Zeeni, C, 2023)	1.34
"To determine the anesthetic approach with the least adverse events and better cardiorespiratory stability profile, used in infants undergoing laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity."	( Safety profile of anesthetic modalities during laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review. Arvanitaki, Z; Gavriilidou, A; Haidich, AB; Mataftsi, A; Seliniotaki, AK; Ziakas, N, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Inhalational agents currently in use have acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics, and clinical acceptance depends on their potential for adverse effects."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the inhalational anaesthetics. Brown, BR; Dale, O, 1987)	0.27
" Population pharmacodynamic modeling was performed using the software package NONMEM."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalography-slowing effect of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Bouillon, T; Hoeft, A; Rehberg, B; Zinserling, J, 1999)	0.52
" As for the terminal half-life (t1/2), there were no differences among the groups (8."	( Recovery and pharmacokinetic parameters of desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane in patients undergoing urologic procedures. Behne, M; Lischke, V; Wilke, HJ, 1999)	0.55
" In contrast, we developed a method to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters under clinical conditions."	( Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anaesthetics in a clinical setting: description of a novel method based on routine monitoring data. Fuhr, U; Kuhn, I; Rietbrock, S; Wissing, H, 2000)	0.31
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane (16 patients for each anaesthetic) were estimated from measurements of inspired and end-expired agent concentrations and ventilation, obtained during routine anaesthesia in patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery (mean age 38 yr, duration of anaesthesia approximately 2 h)."	( Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anaesthetics in a clinical setting: comparison of desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane. Fuhr, U; Kuhn, I; Rietbrock, S; Wissing, H, 2000)	0.76
" As the serum concentration profile and pharmacokinetic parameters in young children are not known via this route, we studied 24 healthy ASA 1 children to determine those parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol drops for postoperative pain relief in children aged 4 to 7 years--a pilot study. Payne, KA; Roelofse, JA; Shipton, EA, 2002)	0.31
" We hypothesized that administering an oral fentanyl solution to children would result in similar fentanyl plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic variables as administering comparable doses of OTFC."	( The pharmacokinetics of the intravenous formulation of fentanyl citrate administered orally in children undergoing general anesthesia. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Heffner, CL; Lugo, RA; Wheeler, M, 2004)	0.32
" AQUAVAN injection (fospropofol disodium), a phosphorylated prodrug of propofol, is an investigational agent possessing a unique and distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of medications used for moderate sedation. Gan, TJ, 2006)	0.33
"To test the hypothesis that differences in anesthetic uptake and elimination in iguanas would counter the pharmacokinetic effects of blood:gas solubility and thus serve to minimize kinetic differences among inhaled agents."	( Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Barter, LS; Brosnan, RJ; Hawkins, MG; Pypendop, BH, 2006)	0.33
" We performed in vitro characterization of the device before developing a population pharmacokinetic model for sevoflurane administration with the AnaConDa, and retrospectively testing its performance (internal validation)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane in conjunction with the AnaConDa: toward target-controlled infusion of volatiles into the breathing system. Bouillon, T; Enlund, M; Kietzmann, D; Meineke, I; Züchner, K, 2008)	0.84
" The individual pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained and tested for covariate relationships."	( Population pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane in conjunction with the AnaConDa: toward target-controlled infusion of volatiles into the breathing system. Bouillon, T; Enlund, M; Kietzmann, D; Meineke, I; Züchner, K, 2008)	0.63
"In vitro studies assessed the contribution of the device to the pharmacokinetic model."	( Population pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane in conjunction with the AnaConDa: toward target-controlled infusion of volatiles into the breathing system. Bouillon, T; Enlund, M; Kietzmann, D; Meineke, I; Züchner, K, 2008)	0.63
"We compared two pharmacodynamic models, one with and one without a plateau effect."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling using bispectral and narcotrend-index with and without a pharmacodynamic plateau during sevoflurane anesthesia. Apfel, CC; Biedler, A; Bruhn, J; Grundmann, U; Kreuer, S; Larsen, R; Walter, E; Wilhelm, W, 2008)	0.55
" To evaluate the relationship between concentrations and electroencephalographic indices, two different pharmacodynamic models were applied: a conventional model based on a single sigmoidal curve, and a novel model based on two sigmoidal curves for BIS and NCT values with and without burst suppression."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling using bispectral and narcotrend-index with and without a pharmacodynamic plateau during sevoflurane anesthesia. Apfel, CC; Biedler, A; Bruhn, J; Grundmann, U; Kreuer, S; Larsen, R; Walter, E; Wilhelm, W, 2008)	0.55
"There is an excellent 6-h predictive performance of a simplified pharmacokinetic model for manually adjusted infusion of liquid sevoflurane when using the AnaConDa to deliver sevoflurane to ICU patients."	( The predictive performance of a pharmacokinetic model for manually adjusted infusion of liquid sevofluorane for use with the Anesthetic-Conserving Device (AnaConDa): a clinical study. Aguilar, G; Badenes, R; Belda, JF; García, ML; Martí, FJ; Meiser, A; Soro, M, 2008)	0.55
"The highest Cmax reached in this study was close to the toxic threshold of adult patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) after caudal administration in children younger than 3 years. Cortínez, LI; Fuentes, R; Muñoz, HR; Ostermann, P; Solari, S; Vega, M, 2008)	0.35
"0) were used as measures of the pharmacodynamic effect."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane. Bruhn, J; Grundmann, U; Kreuer, S; Rensing, H; Wilhelm, W; Ziegeler, S, 2009)	0.6
" The pharmacodynamic interaction of both drugs considering their effect on EEG activity analysed by the bispectral index (BIS) was identified as additive, but this has not been studied in a clinical setting."	( Analysis of pharmacodynamic interaction of sevoflurane and propofol on Bispectral Index during general anaesthesia using a response surface model. Del Río, R; Diz, JC; Durán, M; Ferreira, LM; Lamas, A; Mendoza, M, 2010)	0.62
" Propofol biophase concentration was determined using a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and sevoflurane end-tidal concentration was measured continuously."	( Analysis of pharmacodynamic interaction of sevoflurane and propofol on Bispectral Index during general anaesthesia using a response surface model. Del Río, R; Diz, JC; Durán, M; Ferreira, LM; Lamas, A; Mendoza, M, 2010)	0.84
" We performed a pharmacodynamic analysis of the relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (CET) and the QTc."	( Modeling the effect of sevoflurane on corrected QT prolongation: a pharmacodynamic analysis. Han, DW; Jang, SB; Kern, SE; Park, K, 2010)	0.9
" Pharmacodynamic analysis using a sigmoid Emax model was performed to assess the concentration-effect relationship."	( Modeling the effect of sevoflurane on corrected QT prolongation: a pharmacodynamic analysis. Han, DW; Jang, SB; Kern, SE; Park, K, 2010)	0.67
"To evaluate the clinical efficacy of domestic sevoflurane by comparing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of domestic sevoflurane and an imported product."	( [Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the domestic sevoflurane for transabdominal hysterectomy]. Gong, ZY; Lin, SF; Ye, TH; Zhang, Y; Zhu, B, 2011)	0.86
" The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters at the intra-operative time points as well as the minimal alveolar concentration, the inspired and end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, and the time to recovery of consciousness also showed no significant differences between the two groups."	( [Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the domestic sevoflurane for transabdominal hysterectomy]. Gong, ZY; Lin, SF; Ye, TH; Zhang, Y; Zhu, B, 2011)	0.8
"The domestic sevoflurane has similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics as the imported products."	( [Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the domestic sevoflurane for transabdominal hysterectomy]. Gong, ZY; Lin, SF; Ye, TH; Zhang, Y; Zhu, B, 2011)	0.97
" A classical three compartments pharmacokinetic model developed for the study of environmental contaminants was fitted to the breath data."	( Post-operative elimination of sevoflurane anesthetic and hexafluoroisopropanol metabolite in exhaled breath: pharmacokinetic models for assessing liver function. Catania, N; Comite, C; Di Francesco, F; Fuoco, R; Ghimenti, S; Onor, M; Pleil, JD; Stiegel, MA; Trivella, MG, 2013)	0.68
" The objective of the present study was to establish a pharmacokinetic description of 48-h sevoflurane administration, and to estimate plasma concentrations of metabolites."	( A pharmacokinetic study of 48-hour sevoflurane inhalation using a disposable delivery system (AnaConDa®) in ICU patients. Bazin, JE; Bourdeaux, D; Chabanne, R; Chopineau, J; Constantin, JM; Perbet, S; Pereira, B; Sautou, V, 2014)	0.9
" Plasma sevoflurane, hexafluoroisopropanol, and fluoride concentrations were determined over this time period and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed."	( A pharmacokinetic study of 48-hour sevoflurane inhalation using a disposable delivery system (AnaConDa®) in ICU patients. Bazin, JE; Bourdeaux, D; Chabanne, R; Chopineau, J; Constantin, JM; Perbet, S; Pereira, B; Sautou, V, 2014)	1.11
" During pseudo-steady-state anesthesia, the pharmacodynamic measures were obtained before and after a series of noxious and nonnoxious stimulations."	( A response surface model approach for continuous measures of hypnotic and analgesic effect during sevoflurane-remifentanil interaction: quantifying the pharmacodynamic shift evoked by stimulation. Eleveld, DJ; Hannivoort, LN; Heyse, B; Luginbühl, M; Proost, JH; Struys, MM; Vereecke, HE, 2014)	0.62
"By combining pre- and poststimulation data, interaction models for BIS, SE, and RE demonstrate a consistent influence of "stimulation" on the pharmacodynamic relationship between sevoflurane and remifentanil."	( A response surface model approach for continuous measures of hypnotic and analgesic effect during sevoflurane-remifentanil interaction: quantifying the pharmacodynamic shift evoked by stimulation. Eleveld, DJ; Hannivoort, LN; Heyse, B; Luginbühl, M; Proost, JH; Struys, MM; Vereecke, HE, 2014)	0.81
" The pharmacodynamic relation between the probability of ROC and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was analyzed using NONMEM software (version VII)."	( Modeling of recovery profiles in mentally disabled and intact patients after sevoflurane anesthesia; a pharmacodynamic analysis. Han, DW; Koo, YS; Noh, GJ; Shin, TJ, 2014)	0.86
" Mentality was a significant covariate of C₅₀ for ROC and γ value to pharmacodynamic model."	( Modeling of recovery profiles in mentally disabled and intact patients after sevoflurane anesthesia; a pharmacodynamic analysis. Han, DW; Koo, YS; Noh, GJ; Shin, TJ, 2014)	0.63
"A sigmoid Emanx model explains the pharmacodynamic relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and ROC."	( Modeling of recovery profiles in mentally disabled and intact patients after sevoflurane anesthesia; a pharmacodynamic analysis. Han, DW; Koo, YS; Noh, GJ; Shin, TJ, 2014)	0.86
"This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of sevoflurane and isoflurane during use of minimized extracorporeal circulation to perform coronary artery bypass graft surgery."	( Sevoflurane and Isoflurane-Pharmacokinetics, Hemodynamic Stability, and Cardioprotective Effects During Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Bolliger, D; Doebele, T; Fassl, J; Freiermuth, D; Gregor, M; Haschke, M; Mets, B; Reuthebuch, O; Scholz, M; Seeberger, MD, 2016)	2.12
"The pharmacokinetic measurements of the concentration of the volatile anesthetics in the arterial and venous blood, air inlet, air outlet, and gas exhaust of the extracorporeal circulation were recorded."	( Sevoflurane and Isoflurane-Pharmacokinetics, Hemodynamic Stability, and Cardioprotective Effects During Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Bolliger, D; Doebele, T; Fassl, J; Freiermuth, D; Gregor, M; Haschke, M; Mets, B; Reuthebuch, O; Scholz, M; Seeberger, MD, 2016)	1.88
"35 minutes for isoflurane and sevoflurane, respectively, and a biphasic venous elimination with a terminal half-life of approximately 10 minutes for both compounds."	( Sevoflurane and Isoflurane-Pharmacokinetics, Hemodynamic Stability, and Cardioprotective Effects During Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Bolliger, D; Doebele, T; Fassl, J; Freiermuth, D; Gregor, M; Haschke, M; Mets, B; Reuthebuch, O; Scholz, M; Seeberger, MD, 2016)	2.17
" The predictive performance of three published pharmacokinetic models was evaluated."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous acetaminophen in Japanese patients undergoing elective surgery. Hasegawa, M; Imaizumi, T; Iseki, Y; Mogami, M; Murakawa, M; Obara, S, 2017)	0.46
"The aims of this study were to measure plasma levels of R- and S-ketamine and their major metabolites R- and S-norketamine following single intravenous bolus administration of racemic or S-ketamine in sevoflurane anaesthetised dogs and to calculate the relevant pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers after racemic or S-ketamine IV bolus administration in dogs during sevoflurane anaesthesia. Barbarossa, A; Bektas, RN; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, R; Hartnack, S; Kutter, AP; Romagnoli, N; Roncada, P, 2017)	0.85
" Kinetic Pro (Wgroupe, France) was used for pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Sevoflurane for procedural sedation in critically ill patients: A pharmacokinetic comparative study between burn and non-burn patients. Bazin, JE; Biboulet, C; Bourdeaux, D; Constantin, JM; Houze, P; Launay, JM; Legrand, M; Lenoire, A; Mebazaa, A; Perbet, S; Pereira, B; Plaud, B; Sadoune, M; Sautou, V, 2018)	1.92
"The mean half-life and mean residence time of alfaxalone were longer after I/M (1."	( Pharmacokinetics and effects of alfaxalone after intravenous and intramuscular administration to cats. Belda, E; Escudero, E; Hernandis, V; Laredo, FG; Marín, P; Rodrigo-Mocholí, D, 2018)	0.48
" Only for sevoflurane was a significant difference found in the pharmacodynamic model for Patient State Index-2 compared with Patient State Index-1."	( Population Pharmacodynamics of Propofol and Sevoflurane in Healthy Volunteers Using a Clinical Score and the Patient State Index: A Crossover Study. Colin, PJ; Knotnerus, FH; Kuizenga, MH; Nalbat, H; Reyntjens, KMEM; Struys, MMRF; Touw, DJ; Vereecke, HEM, 2019)	1.18
"Prospective pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in sevoflurane-anesthetized cats. Cox, SK; Dholakia, U; Pypendop, BH; Seddighi, R; Sun, X, 2020)	0.84
"The pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the data from five cats, as 1-hydroxymidazolam was not detected in one cat."	( Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in sevoflurane-anesthetized cats. Cox, SK; Dholakia, U; Pypendop, BH; Seddighi, R; Sun, X, 2020)	0.84
" The purpose of this study was to identify clinical variables that affect the relationship between TV and sevoflurane concentration, and to establish a population pharmacodynamic modelling approach to TV and sevoflurane concentration in children."	( A pharmacodynamic model of tidal volume and inspiratory sevoflurane concentration in children during spontaneous breathing. Jang, YE; Kang, P; Kim, EH; Kim, HS; Kim, JT; Lee, JH, 2021)	1.08
" The primary aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a cardiac output and alveolar ventilation matched Gas Man model and to compare its predictive performance with the standard pharmacokinetic model using patient data."	( Prediction of expiratory desflurane and sevoflurane concentrations in lung-healthy patients utilizing cardiac output and alveolar ventilation matched pharmacokinetic models: A comparative observational study. Mißbach, C; Philip, JH; Schmidt, J; Schumann, S; Weber, J; Wenzel, C; Wirth, S, 2021)	0.89

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sevoflurane anesthesia was administered alone or in combination with N2O."	( Respiratory effects of sevoflurane used in combination with nitrous oxide and surgical stimulation. Doi, M; Ikeda, K; Takahashi, T, )	1.88
"Sevoflurane administered at an appropriate anesthetic depth maintained spontaneous respiration at acceptable levels during surgical stimulation, especially when combined with N2O."	( Respiratory effects of sevoflurane used in combination with nitrous oxide and surgical stimulation. Doi, M; Ikeda, K; Takahashi, T, )	1.88
"The purpose of this study was to compare the haemodynamic effects and emergence times of anaesthesia with sevoflurane with those of isoflurane when the agents were administered with nitrous oxide to adult patients (ASA I and II) undergoing surgery of at least an hour in duration."	( Clinical comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane when administered with nitrous oxide for surgical procedures of intermediate duration. Campbell, C; Miller, DD; Nahrwold, ML, 1995)	0.82
"The authors' previous study demonstrated that xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in combination with sevoflurane can attenuate cardiovascular responses to skin incision."	( Anesthetic doses of sevoflurane to block cardiovascular responses to incision when administered with xenon or nitrous oxide. Goto, T; Ishiguro, Y; Morita, S; Nakata, Y; Niimi, Y; Terui, K, 1999)	0.84
"Remifentanil anesthesia, combined with small-dose propofol, desflurane, or sevoflurane, enables predictably fast and smooth early recovery after ear, nose, and throat surgery."	( Recovery after anesthesia with remifentanil combined with propofol, desflurane, or sevoflurane for otorhinolaryngeal surgery. Loop, T; Priebe, HJ, 2000)	0.76
" Propofol and remifentanil are known to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), but no information is available regarding the effects of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil on IOP."	( Intraocular pressure more reduced during anesthesia with propofol than with sevoflurane: both combined with remifentanil. Auffarth, G; Böttiger, BW; Klett, J; Martin, E; Polarz, H; Schäfer, R; Völcker, HE, 2002)	0.75
"In patients undergoing cataract surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, anesthetic regimens with propofol as well as with sevoflurane, both combined with remifentanil, decrease IOP significantly."	( Intraocular pressure more reduced during anesthesia with propofol than with sevoflurane: both combined with remifentanil. Auffarth, G; Böttiger, BW; Klett, J; Martin, E; Polarz, H; Schäfer, R; Völcker, HE, 2002)	0.75
"To evaluate effects of infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses."	( Infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses. Abrahamsen, E; Izumisawa, Y; Kotani, T; Lerch, P; Muir, WW; Tsubakishita, S; Yamashita, K, 2002)	0.75
" The aim of this study was to establish whether the use of a combination of intravenous midazolam with inhalation agents (nitrous oxide alone or in combination with sevoflurane) was any more likely to result in successful completion of treatment than midazolam alone."	( A randomised controlled trial of paediatric conscious sedation for dental treatment using intravenous midazolam combined with inhaled nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide/sevoflurane. Averley, PA; Bond, S; Girdler, NM; Steele, J; Steen, N, 2004)	0.71
"To evaluate the effects of controlled hypotension combined with hemodilution on human middle cerebral artery flow velocity (Vmca) by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography."	( Human middle cerebral artery flow velocity during controlled hypotension combined with hemodilution-transcranial Doppler study. Fukusaki, M; Inadomi, C; Kanaide, M; Sumikawa, K; Takada, M; Terao, Y; Yamashita, K, 2005)	0.33
"The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to determine the effects of adding nitrous oxide on sevoflurane requirement for blunting sympathetic responses after surgical incision combined with two different target-controlled concentrations of remifentanil (1 and 3 ng mL(-1)) in female."	( The effect of adding nitrous oxide on MAC of sevoflurane combined with two target-controlled concentrations of remifentanil in women. Albertin, A; Bergonzi, PC; Casati, A; Lombardo, F; Moizo, E; Torri, G, 2005)	0.8
"Fifty children aged 5-12 yr were prospectively randomized to receive either paravertebral nerve blockade or general anesthesia (sevoflurane-fentanyl-nitrous oxide-oxygen) combined with standardized postoperative systemic analgesia, both combined with light sevoflurane anesthesia, for inguinal hernia repair."	( Nerve stimulator-guided paravertebral blockade combined with sevoflurane sedation versus general anesthesia with systemic analgesia for postherniorrhaphy pain relief in children: a prospective randomized trial. Al Tannir, MA; El Rajab, M; Lönnqvist, PA; Naja, ZM; Raf, M; Ziade, FM, 2005)	0.78
"This randomized prospective study with blinded postanesthesia care unit (PACU) observers compared the recovery profiles in morbidly obese patients who received sevoflurane or desflurane for maintenance of anesthesia in combination with a remifentanil target controlled infusion (TCI)."	( Postoperative results after desflurane or sevoflurane combined with remifentanil in morbidly obese patients. De Baerdemaeker, LE; Den Blauwen, NM; Herregods, LL; Jacobs, S; Mortier, EP; Pattyn, P; Struys, MM, 2006)	0.79
"50 morbidly obese patients scheduled for laparoscopic gastric banding were included to receive BIS-guided sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia with BIS-triggered inhalation boli in combination with remifentanil TCI."	( Postoperative results after desflurane or sevoflurane combined with remifentanil in morbidly obese patients. De Baerdemaeker, LE; Den Blauwen, NM; Herregods, LL; Jacobs, S; Mortier, EP; Pattyn, P; Struys, MM, 2006)	0.81
"To investigate the best concentration ratio of propofol controlled-infusion combined with sevoflurane in anesthesia for patients undergoing laparoscopy."	( [The best concentration ratio of propofol controlled-infusion combined with sevoflurane in anesthesia for patients undergoing laparoscopy]. Hu, MP; Sun, DX; Zheng, YH; Zhou, AX, 2008)	0.8
" The best concentration ratio of propofol controlled-infusion combined with sevoflurane with the definition as the highest ETsevo without PONV decrease along with the increase of propofol concentration."	( [The best concentration ratio of propofol controlled-infusion combined with sevoflurane in anesthesia for patients undergoing laparoscopy]. Hu, MP; Sun, DX; Zheng, YH; Zhou, AX, 2008)	0.81
" The best concentration ratio of propofol controlled-infusion combined with sevoflurane was propofol controlled-infusion at the concentration of 1 microg/ml with ETsevo at the concentration as 1 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)."	( [The best concentration ratio of propofol controlled-infusion combined with sevoflurane in anesthesia for patients undergoing laparoscopy]. Hu, MP; Sun, DX; Zheng, YH; Zhou, AX, 2008)	0.81
" The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of two different minimized ECC systems in combination with two different anesthetic concepts and to determine the impact on oxygen consumption during aortic cross-clamping (ACC)."	( Myocardial protection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using minimized extracorporeal circulation in combination with volatile anesthetic. Diez, C; Haneya, A; Hirt, S; Kobuch, R; Lehle, K; Philipp, A; Puehler, T; Ried, M; Schmid, C; Zausig, Y; Zink, W, )	0.13
"This study evaluates the influence of sniffing position combined with mouth opening on the effectiveness of facemask ventilation in paralyzed pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy during sevoflurane-N(2)O anesthesia."	( Sniffing position combined with mouth opening improves facemask ventilation in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Cuvas, O; Dikmen, B; Yucel, F, 2011)	0.56
"Sniffing position combined with mouth opening improves V(Texp) and PIP values during facemask ventilation during sevoflurane-N(2)O anesthesia in paralyzed pediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy."	( Sniffing position combined with mouth opening improves facemask ventilation in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Cuvas, O; Dikmen, B; Yucel, F, 2011)	0.58
"Low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia combined with remifentanil regimen in patients undergoing tympanoplasty surgery resulted in a faster early recovery and decreased sevoflurane consumption."	( Evaluation of recovery and anesthetic gas consumption using remifentanil combined with low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia in tympanoplasty. Demircioglu, Rİ; Gozdemir, M; Kınacı, S; Kurtaran, H; Muslu, B; Sert, H; Usta, B, 2011)	1
"Sevoflurane in combination with continuous epidural anesthesia could protect against myocardial damage in patients with CAD, downregulation of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha might contribute to this protection."	( Effect of sevoflurane combination with epidural anesthesia on myocardial injury in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Gong, LR; Li, L; Wang, J; Wang, M; Yu, JB; Zhang, LF, 2011)	2.21
"To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture combined with sevoflurane anesthesia used in neurosurgery patients and the speed of recovery following surgery."	( [The application of electro-acupuncture combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in neurosurgery]. An, LX; Ji, Y; Wang, LL, 2011)	0.86
"Eighty patients with supratentorial tumor resection were anesthetized with sevoflurane and randomly allocated into the complete anesthesia group (Group A) and the electro-acupuncture combined with sevoflurane group (Group B)."	( [The application of electro-acupuncture combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in neurosurgery]. An, LX; Ji, Y; Wang, LL, 2011)	0.85
"Electro-acupuncture combined with sevoflurane used in neurosurgery could save the dose of sevoflurane, significantly shorten the anesthesia recovery time, and improve the quality of the anesthesia recovery."	( [The application of electro-acupuncture combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in neurosurgery]. An, LX; Ji, Y; Wang, LL, 2011)	0.9
"We aimed to observe the emergence characteristics of children tracheally extubated in deep anesthesia with sevoflurane or sevoflurane in combination with low-dose remifentanil."	( Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of sevoflurane and sevoflurane in combination with low-dose remifentanil. Hu, C; Li, W; Shen, X, 2012)	0.82
"Low-dose remifentanil in combination with sevoflurane provided rapid recovery and was safe for deep tracheal extubation in deep anesthesia in pediatric patients."	( Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of sevoflurane and sevoflurane in combination with low-dose remifentanil. Hu, C; Li, W; Shen, X, 2012)	0.87
" Sevoflurane combined with ATP could increase the level of activated caspase-1, pyroptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)."	( Sevoflurane combined with ATP activates caspase-1 and triggers caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in murine J774 macrophages. Chen, S; Fang, X; Jin, Y; Li, H; Wu, S; Xie, G, 2013)	2.74
"To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing anesthesia induction by sevoflurane."	( [Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing anesthesia induction by sevoflurane]. Feng, C; Gao, DP; Han, BQ; Ma, XS; Qi, SH; Zou, YM, 2012)	0.81
"Eighty patients for elective endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia operations were randomly and double-blindly divided into Dex combined with fentanyl group (Group DF) and the fentanyl group (Group F) from April 2011 to September 2011 at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and there were 40 cases in each group."	( [Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing anesthesia induction by sevoflurane]. Feng, C; Gao, DP; Han, BQ; Ma, XS; Qi, SH; Zou, YM, 2012)	0.6
"Dexmedetomidine in combination with fentanyl can inhibit stress response of tracheal intubation of sevoflurane induction efficiently and stabilize hemodynamics."	( [Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing anesthesia induction by sevoflurane]. Feng, C; Gao, DP; Han, BQ; Ma, XS; Qi, SH; Zou, YM, 2012)	0.81
"We evaluated the potential for QT/corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation after sugammadex given with propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia."	( Effect of sugammadex on QT/QTc interval prolongation when combined with QTc-prolonging sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Berg, RJ; Cammu, G; de Kam, PJ; Dennie, J; Grobara, P; Jagt-Smook, ML; Peeters, PA; Ramael, S; van den Heuvel, MW, 2013)	0.82
" The primary variable was the time-matched mean difference in the Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) change from baseline for sugammadex versus placebo when combined with propofol or sevoflurane."	( Effect of sugammadex on QT/QTc interval prolongation when combined with QTc-prolonging sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Berg, RJ; Cammu, G; de Kam, PJ; Dennie, J; Grobara, P; Jagt-Smook, ML; Peeters, PA; Ramael, S; van den Heuvel, MW, 2013)	0.8
"6 ms when combined with either anaesthetic."	( Effect of sugammadex on QT/QTc interval prolongation when combined with QTc-prolonging sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Berg, RJ; Cammu, G; de Kam, PJ; Dennie, J; Grobara, P; Jagt-Smook, ML; Peeters, PA; Ramael, S; van den Heuvel, MW, 2013)	0.61
"Sugammadex 4 mg/kg does not cause clinically relevant QTc interval prolongation versus placebo when combined with propofol or sevoflurane."	( Effect of sugammadex on QT/QTc interval prolongation when combined with QTc-prolonging sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Berg, RJ; Cammu, G; de Kam, PJ; Dennie, J; Grobara, P; Jagt-Smook, ML; Peeters, PA; Ramael, S; van den Heuvel, MW, 2013)	0.82
" In children and neonates, it is commonly used alone or in combination with thiopental or propofol."	( Sevoflurane in combination with propofol, not thiopental, induces a more robust neuroapoptosis than sevoflurane alone in the neonatal mouse brain. Kimura, K; Mizoguchi, A; Sakuraba, S; Tagawa, T, 2014)	1.85
" remifentanil in combination with an inhaled anesthetic to facilitate tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized adults after otologic surgery are investigated."	( Sevoflurane in combination with remifentanil for tracheal extubation after otologic surgery. Hu, C; Shen, X; Ye, M; Yu, H, 2014)	1.85
"Sevoflurane combined with remifentanil provided rapid recovery and appeared to be safe for deep-anesthesia tracheal extubation in adult patients after otologic surgery."	( Sevoflurane in combination with remifentanil for tracheal extubation after otologic surgery. Hu, C; Shen, X; Ye, M; Yu, H, 2014)	3.29
"We compared the effect of propofol and sevoflurane combined with remifentanil under comparable bispectral index (BIS) levels on transcranial electric motor-evoked potentials (TceMEPs) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) during brainstem surgery."	( Comparison of the Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane Combined With Remifentanil on Transcranial Electric Motor-evoked and Somatosensory-evoked Potential Monitoring During Brainstem Surgery. Doménech-Asensi, P; Falcón-Araña, L; Fuentes-García, D; Hernández-Palazón, J; Izura, V; Piqueras-Pérez, C, 2015)	0.95
"Both sevoflurane and propofol at low dosages combined with remifentanil under comparable BIS values and partial muscle relaxation can be used when monitoring of TceMEPs and SSEPs is required for brainstem surgery."	( Comparison of the Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane Combined With Remifentanil on Transcranial Electric Motor-evoked and Somatosensory-evoked Potential Monitoring During Brainstem Surgery. Doménech-Asensi, P; Falcón-Araña, L; Fuentes-García, D; Hernández-Palazón, J; Izura, V; Piqueras-Pérez, C, 2015)	1.2
"A total of 53 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II status randomly received general anesthesia (G group, n = 27) or general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia (E group, n = 26) for surgical tumor resection."	( General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia ameliorates the effect of fast-track surgery by mitigating immunosuppression and facilitating intestinal functional recovery in colon cancer patients. Chen, WK; Miao, CH; Ren, L; Wei, Y; Xu, JM; Zhu, DX, 2015)	0.42
"General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia plays an important role in fast-track surgery, mitigating the surgical stress-related impairment of anti-tumor immune responses and hastening the recovery of intestinal function."	( General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia ameliorates the effect of fast-track surgery by mitigating immunosuppression and facilitating intestinal functional recovery in colon cancer patients. Chen, WK; Miao, CH; Ren, L; Wei, Y; Xu, JM; Zhu, DX, 2015)	0.42
" The aim of the study was to determine the effects of constant-rate infusion of lidocaine and ketamine combined with either morphine or fentanyl on the MAC of sevoflurane in pigs."	( Effect of Lidocaine-Ketamine Infusions Combined with Morphine or Fentanyl in Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Pigs. Canfrán, S; Gómez de Segura, IA; Largo, C; Re, M, 2016)	0.86
" However, it is common for patients to receive other hypotensive anesthetic agents in combination with sevoflurane."	( Hypotensive anesthesia: Comparing the effects of different drug combinations on mean arterial pressure, estimated blood loss, and surgery time in orthognathic surgery. Hardigan, P; Jeong, J; Kalayeh, M; Portnof, JE, 2016)	0.65
"The study showed that intraoperative glucose infusion suppressed lipolysis and proteolysis in patients anesthetized with remifentanil in combination with sevoflurane during surgery of >6 hours in length."	( Effect of Intraoperative Glucose Infusion on Catabolism of Adipose Tissue and Muscle Protein in Patients Anesthetized With Remifentanil in Combination With Sevoflurane During Major Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial. Hayashi, H; Ichinose, H; Kamada, Y; Sawada, A; Sumita, S; Yamakage, M, 2016)	0.83
"To explore the effect of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia on the incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients."	( [Incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia]. Li, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"A total of 100 elderly patients with gastric cancer, who underwent radical gastrectomy in Yan'an People's Hospital from March 2012 to March 2015, were randomly divided into 3 groups: a general anesthesia and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) (Group I, n=35), a general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and PCIA (Group II, n=30), and a general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) (Group III, n=35)."	( [Incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia]. Li, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"The general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia can effectively maintain the stable hemodynamic status in the patients and display inhibitory effect on postoperative cognitive dysfunction."	( [Incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia]. Li, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" We aimed to observe the extubation process and the recovery characteristics in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy while anesthetized with either high-concentration sevoflurane alone or low-concentration sevoflurane combined with pre-medication of single dose of intravenous dexmedetomidine."	( Tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized pediatric patients after tonsillectomy: a comparison of high-concentration sevoflurane alone and low-concentration sevoflurane in combination with dexmedetomidine pre-medication. Di, M; Han, Y; Lai, H; Li, J; Lian, Q; Liu, H; ShangGuan, W; Yang, Z; Ye, X, 2017)	0.86
"A single dose of intravenous dexmedetomidine as pre-medication in combination with low-concentration sevoflurane at the end of surgery provided safe and smooth deep extubation condition and it also lowered the emergence agitation in sevoflurane-anaesthetized children undergoing tonsillectomy."	( Tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized pediatric patients after tonsillectomy: a comparison of high-concentration sevoflurane alone and low-concentration sevoflurane in combination with dexmedetomidine pre-medication. Di, M; Han, Y; Lai, H; Li, J; Lian, Q; Liu, H; ShangGuan, W; Yang, Z; Ye, X, 2017)	0.88
" The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol or sevoflurane on hemodynamics during anesthesia maintenance."	( Comparison of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol or sevoflurane for hemodynamic changes during anesthesia maintenance: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Cao, J; Ding, K; Dong, M; Han, L; Han, Y; Sun, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018)	0.92
"Intraoperative administration of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol in anesthesia maintenance proceeded a significant increase in blood pressure."	( Comparison of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol or sevoflurane for hemodynamic changes during anesthesia maintenance: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Cao, J; Ding, K; Dong, M; Han, L; Han, Y; Sun, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018)	0.71
"To compare the effects of sevoflurane or propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia on the clinical efficacy and stress response of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIHS) in cesarean section."	( Effects of sevoflurane or propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia on clinical efficacy and stress response in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Guan, Y; Ren, LQ; Sun, XX, 2018)	1.17
"The clinical efficacy of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil anesthesia is better than that of propofol combined with remifentanil, and it can effectively reduce the stress of pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension treated with cesarean section."	( Effects of sevoflurane or propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia on clinical efficacy and stress response in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Guan, Y; Ren, LQ; Sun, XX, 2018)	1.17
"To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane for general anesthesia during dental treatment in pediatric patients."	( [Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane for general anesthesia during dental treatment in pediatric patients]. Chai, DD; Ji, J, 2018)	0.99
"Dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane not only stabilize hemodynamic parameters, but also reduce the impact on respiration during dental treatment in pediatric patients."	( [Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane for general anesthesia during dental treatment in pediatric patients]. Chai, DD; Ji, J, 2018)	1.04
" Sevoflurane requirement, cardiovascular function, and induction/recovery quality were compared between horses maintained with sevoflurane in combination with medetomidine CRI (3 µg/kg/h) (Group M; n = 25) and those maintained with sevoflurane in combination with alfaxalone-medetomidine CRI (0."	( Clinical evaluation of constant rate infusion of alfaxalone-medetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery. Ito, H; Kushiro, A; Maeda, T; Nagata, SI; Ohta, M; Okano, A; Tokushige, H; Wakuno, A, 2018)	1.61
" Sevoflurane in combination with alfaxalone-medetomidine CRI may be a clinically effective anesthetic technique for Thoroughbred racehorses."	( Clinical evaluation of constant rate infusion of alfaxalone-medetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery. Ito, H; Kushiro, A; Maeda, T; Nagata, SI; Ohta, M; Okano, A; Tokushige, H; Wakuno, A, 2018)	1.61
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of constant rate infusions (CRIs) of medetomidine-propofol combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery."	( Clinical effects of constant rate infusions of medetomidine-propofol combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery. Arima, D; Ito, H; Kambayashi, Y; Minamijima, Y; Ohta, M; Okano, A; Tokushige, H, 2018)	0.91
" Sevoflurane combined with oxygen is widely applied in the clinic, and our previous study indicated that this regimen significantly reduced sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and that inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation may contribute to this protection effect."	( A subanesthetic dose of sevoflurane combined with oxygen exerts bactericidal effects and prevents lung injury through the nitric oxide pathway during sepsis. Hou, L; Hu, Y; Luo, D; Luo, Z; Ma, H; Zhang, E; Zhao, X, 2020)	1.78
" Sevoflurane or propofol combined with remifentanil are widely used general anesthetic regimens for craniotomy, with neither regimen shown to be superior to the other in terms of neuroprotective efficacy and anesthesia quality."	( Sevoflurane versus PRopofol combined with Remifentanil anesthesia Impact on postoperative Neurologic function in supratentorial Gliomas (SPRING): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Bebawy, JF; Dong, J; Han, R; Li, J; Li, Y; Lin, N; Liu, X; Nie, L; Peng, Y; Xing, Y; Zeng, M; Zhang, M, 2020)	2.91
"25% in combination with sevoflurane as an OFA technique in elective open renal surgery."	( Opioid-free anesthesia under single injection paravertebral block combined with sevoflurane for pediatric renal surgery: a prospective observational pilot study. Asmai, Y; Bentalha, A; El Koraichi, A; Elkoundi, A, 2020)	1.09
" This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether sevoflurane combined with higher targeted temperature management could decrease the incidence of delirium when compared with intravenous anaesthetics with lower targeted temperature management."	( A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen in combination with targeted temperature management in post-cardiac arrest patients reduces the incidence of delirium: An observational propensity score-matched study. Algargoush, A; Bos, AT; Foudraine, NA; van Osch, FH, 2021)	1.24
"A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen together with targeted temperature management resulted in a lower incidence of delirium and a shorter duration for mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay than did the treatment with intravenous sedation combined with the classical cooling protocol."	( A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen in combination with targeted temperature management in post-cardiac arrest patients reduces the incidence of delirium: An observational propensity score-matched study. Algargoush, A; Bos, AT; Foudraine, NA; van Osch, FH, 2021)	1.36
"To systematically evaluate the anesthetic effect and safety of sevoflurane combined with propofol in removing tracheal foreign bodies in children."	( Anesthetic effect and safety of sevoflurane combined with propofol in removing tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Fan, TL; Hao, YB; Liu, WW; Song, YS; Wang, P; Yang, ZZ; Zhang, SS; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.08
" Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sevoflurane combined with propofol for anesthesia during tracheal foreign body extraction in children were collected."	( Anesthetic effect and safety of sevoflurane combined with propofol in removing tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Fan, TL; Hao, YB; Liu, WW; Song, YS; Wang, P; Yang, ZZ; Zhang, SS; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.11
"00001) in the sevoflurane combined with propofol group compared with the control group."	( Anesthetic effect and safety of sevoflurane combined with propofol in removing tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Fan, TL; Hao, YB; Liu, WW; Song, YS; Wang, P; Yang, ZZ; Zhang, SS; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.2
"Sevoflurane combined with propofol is worth popularizing because of its high anesthetic effect and safety in the removal of tracheal foreign bodies in children."	( Anesthetic effect and safety of sevoflurane combined with propofol in removing tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Fan, TL; Hao, YB; Liu, WW; Song, YS; Wang, P; Yang, ZZ; Zhang, SS; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.28
" The aim of this study was to evaluate in an avian species the influence of isoflurane and sevoflurane on BIS, each at different minimum anaesthetic concentrations (MAC) multiples, alone or combined with butorphanol or medetomidine."	( Effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane alone and in combination with butorphanol or medetomidine on the bispectral index in chickens. Hatt, JM; Martin Jurado, O; Velasco Gallego, ML, 2021)	1.14
" This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of sedation with inhaled sevoflurane in combination with intravenous esketamine during PP in patients with COVID-19-ARDS (CARDS)."	( Sevoflurane in combination with esketamine is an effective sedation regimen in COVID-19 patients enabling assisted spontaneous breathing even during prone positioning. Bansbach, J; Heinrich, S; Kalbhenn, J; Kaufmann, K; Wenz, J, 2022)	2.39
" Patients were sedated with inhaled sevoflurane in combination with eske-tamine during PP and not or only lightly sedated during the supine position."	( Sevoflurane in combination with esketamine is an effective sedation regimen in COVID-19 patients enabling assisted spontaneous breathing even during prone positioning. Bansbach, J; Heinrich, S; Kalbhenn, J; Kaufmann, K; Wenz, J, 2022)	2.44
" Inhaled sedation with sevoflurane in combination with esketamine, however, safely enables prolonged prone positioning in patients with CARDS."	( Sevoflurane in combination with esketamine is an effective sedation regimen in COVID-19 patients enabling assisted spontaneous breathing even during prone positioning. Bansbach, J; Heinrich, S; Kalbhenn, J; Kaufmann, K; Wenz, J, 2022)	2.47
" A review of domestic and domestic research, combined with the current synthesis research, pharmacological progress, existing production capacity, production, and sales status, can show that sevoflurane is a very good new type of inhalation anesthetic."	( Application Effect of Sevoflurane Combined with Nerve Block Anesthesia in Surgical Anesthesia in Patients with Uterine Fibroids. Fan, S; Li, S, 2022)	1.23
" The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for cervical dilatation combined with different doses of dexmedetomidine in patients with hysteroscopy surgery."	( Minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in combination with dexmedetomidine in patients with hysteroscopy: An up-down sequential allocation study. Guo, YX; Jiang, PP; Luo, K; Wang, D; Wang, YZ; Yang, XL, 2022)	1.22
" Although considered safe, VA exposure can cause different adverse effects and, in combination with ionising radiation (IR), can also cause synergistic effects."	( Different damaging effects of volatile anaesthetics alone or in combination with 1 and 2 Gy gamma-irradiation Benković, V; Borojević, N; Brozović, G; Knežević, AH; Milić, M; Oršolić, N, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The bioavailability of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) in children is similar to that of fentanyl solution administered orally to adults."	( The pharmacokinetics of the intravenous formulation of fentanyl citrate administered orally in children undergoing general anesthesia. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Heffner, CL; Lugo, RA; Wheeler, M, 2004)	0.32
"A postoperative decrease in the gastric emptying (GE) rate may delay the early start of oral feeding and alter the bioavailability of orally administered drugs."	( The effect of anesthetic technique on early postoperative gastric emptying: comparison of propofol-remifentanil and opioid-free sevoflurane anesthesia. Lövqvist, A; Thörn, SE; Walldén, J; Wattwil, L; Wattwil, M, 2006)	0.54
" Bioavailability after I/M injection of alfaxalone was 94."	( Pharmacokinetics and effects of alfaxalone after intravenous and intramuscular administration to cats. Belda, E; Escudero, E; Hernandis, V; Laredo, FG; Marín, P; Rodrigo-Mocholí, D, 2018)	0.48
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Reduced NO bioavailability and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) were observed in Sevo, but not in the Iso group."	( Sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia induce redox imbalance, but only sevoflurane impairs vascular contraction. Bonacio, GF; Borges, TF; da Silva, MLS; Dias-Junior, CA; Martins, LZ; Rizzi, E; Rocha, TLA; Rodrigues, SD, 2023)	2.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The effects of various isoniazid dosage regimens on the hepatic microsomal defluorination rates of enflurane were compared with those of several other ether anesthetics, and the conditions for production of maximal enflurane defluorination rates were determined."	( Metabolism by rat hepatic microsomes of fluorinated ether anesthetics following isoniazid administration. Mazze, RI; Rice, SA; Sbordone, L, 1980)	0.26
" However, because higher minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane requires a large dosage of anesthetic than other volatile anesthetics, air pollution with sevoflurane in the operating room might be of great concern."	( [Air pollution by sevoflurane in operating room and serum and urine inorganic fluoride of anesthetists]. Fukushima, K; Ochiai, R; Sato, M; Shibata, K; Shimada, M; Takahashi, J; Takeda, J, 1995)	0.87
" The dose-response curves for neostigmine (10, 20, 30, and 40 micrograms/kg) were constructed using the TOFR values at 5-11 min, from which the ED50 values (a neostigmine dose required for a TOFR value of 50%) were derived."	( Inadequate antagonism of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block by neostigmine during sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia. Fujita, T; Morita, T; Saito, S; Sato, H; Sugaya, T; Tsukagoshi, H, 1995)	0.51
" It is concluded that in sevoflurane anesthesia of long duration, F, sevoflurane dosage and duration of administration do not affect renal function."	( [Effects of inorganic fluoride, inhalation time and dosage of sevoflurane on renal function during sevoflurane anesthesia of long duration]. Hirasaki, A; Nagase, M; Nishiyama, T; Tamai, H; Watanabe, S, 1994)	0.83
" We constructed dose-response curves for vecuronium in 54 patients."	( The effects of sevoflurane are similar to those of isoflurane on the neuromuscular block produced by vecuronium. Fujita, T; Morita, T; Sugaya, T; Tsukagoshi, H; Yoshikawa, D, 1994)	0.64
" The HPV response in the presence of anesthetic was expressed as a percentage of the pressor response in the absence of anesthetics, and dose-response relationships were calculated using the nonlinear least-squares method."	( Effect of sevoflurane on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the perfused rabbit lung. Gui, X; Ishibe, Y; Shiokawa, Y; Suekane, K; Umeda, T; Uno, H, 1993)	0.69
" Ibuprofen pretreatment did not alter ED50 and slope of dose-response curve, although the absolute value of pressor response in the sevoflurane group with ibuprofen pretreatment was greater than that in the sevoflurane alone group at every concentration of sevoflurane."	( Effect of sevoflurane on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the perfused rabbit lung. Gui, X; Ishibe, Y; Shiokawa, Y; Suekane, K; Umeda, T; Uno, H, 1993)	0.89
" A cumulative log-probit dose-response curve of vecuronium was established."	( The neuromuscular blocking effects of vecuronium during sevoflurane, halothane and balanced anaesthesia in children. Meretoja, OA; Taivainen, T, 1995)	0.54
" The inhalation of isoflurane, halothane and sevoflurane decreased the airway resistance and systemic vascular resistance in direct relationship to the dosage administered."	( [Comparison of the effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in the treatment of severe asthmatic attack: a case report]. Arai, K; Fujita, T; Hasegawa, Y; Isa, Y; Kunimoto, F; Ohyama, A, 1996)	0.8
"A dose-response relationship study for edrophonium to examine the modification of volatile anaesthetics on reversal of vecuronium block."	( Sevoflurane and isoflurane impair edrophonium reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Fujita, T; Kurosaki, D; Morita, T; Saito, S; Sato, H; Sugaya, T; Tsukagoshi, H, 1996)	1.74
" The dose-response relationship during the pre-anaesthetic and pre-equilibrium state of four inhalation anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane) on fixed-ratio schedule-controlled behaviour was studied in mice."	( Psychomotor performance during initial stage of exposure to halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in mice. Komatsu, H; Kuratani, N; Nogaya, J; Ogli, K; Ueki, M; Yokono, S, )	0.55
"To evaluate the influence of sevoflurane on the dose-response relationship and on the time-course of the effect of rocuronium, 60 adult patients undergoing elective plastic surgery were randomly allocated to either the control or the sevoflurane group."	( Dose-response and time-course of the effect of rocuronium bromide during sevoflurane anaesthesia. An, G; Liao, X; Liu, JH; Luo, LK; Tong, SY; Xue, FS, 1998)	0.82
" Following equi-effective dosing (T1 > 95%) the duration to 25% T1 recovery, recovery index (25/75), and TOF0."	( Neuromuscular blocking effects of rocuronium during desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane anaesthesia. Ledowski, T; Linstedt, U; Proppe, D; Sitzlack, D; Wulf, H, 1998)	0.53
" This study was carried out as a dose-response study comparing the effects of increasing sevoflurane concentration (1."	( Effects of sevoflurane on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism. A dose-response study in patients subjected to craniotomy for cerebral tumours. Bundgaard, H; Cold, GE; Jensen, KA; Landsfeldt, U; Larsen, KM; Nielsen, E; von Oettingen, G, 1998)	0.91
"Isoproterenol has been suggested as an alternative marker for epidural test dosing in children receiving halothane anesthesia."	( Simulation of an epidural test dose with intravenous isoproterenol in sevoflurane- and halothane-anesthetized children. Glaser, C; Kozek, ME; Kozek-Langenecker, SA; Krenn, CG; Marhofer, P; Semsroth, M, 1998)	0.53
"Isoproterenol has been suggested as an alternative marker for epidural test dosing in children receiving halothane anesthesia."	( Simulation of an epidural test dose with intravenous isoproterenol in sevoflurane- and halothane-anesthetized children. Glaser, C; Kozek, ME; Kozek-Langenecker, SA; Krenn, CG; Marhofer, P; Semsroth, M, 1998)	0.53
" Total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol is even more expensive, more than 2- to 6-fold the costs of inhalational anaesthesia, depending on the dosage of the intravenous agent, the type of inhalational agent, the fresh gas flow, etc."	( [Costs of sevoflurane in the perioperative setting]. Bach, A, 1998)	0.7
" Dose-response relationships to the KATP channel agonist nicorandil were established in each dog using doses (25, 50, and 100 microg/min) previously shown to increase coronary collateral blood flow."	( Sevoflurane selectively increases coronary collateral blood flow independent of KATP channels in vivo. Hettrick, DA; Kersten, JR; Pagel, PS; Schmeling, T; Tessmer, J; Warltier, DC, 1999)	1.75
"We examined the dose-response relationship of sevoflurane/Compound A and urinary excretion of albumin, glucose, and alpha-GST."	( Dose of compound A, not sevoflurane, determines changes in the biochemical markers of renal injury in healthy volunteers. Afshar, M; Cantillo, J; Deal, E; Goldberg, ME; Gratz, I; Larijani, G; McDougall, R; Vekeman, D; Zafeiridis, A, 1999)	0.87
"kg-1 and construction of dose-response curves (n = 72)."	( Potency and time course of mivacurium block during sevoflurane, isoflurane and intravenous anesthesia. Carroll, MT; Hughes, DA; Lowry, DW; McCarthy, GJ; Mirakhur, RK; O'Hare, RA, 1999)	0.56
"A prospective, crossover, dose-response study using sevoflurane and isoflurane before the start of surgery, followed by randomization to sevoflurane or isoflurane for surgery with blinded assessment for recovery."	( Sevoflurane versus isoflurane in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a hemodynamic and recovery study. Bennett, SR; Griffin, SC, 1999)	2
" There was no dose-response relation for Vf (10."	( Rate of CSF formation and resistance to reabsorption of CSF during sevoflurane or remifentanil in rabbits. Artru, AA; Momota, T, 2000)	0.54
" In the REM groups, the dosage of PRO (75 microg."	( Recovery after anesthesia with remifentanil combined with propofol, desflurane, or sevoflurane for otorhinolaryngeal surgery. Loop, T; Priebe, HJ, 2000)	0.53
" The lack of any dose-response relationship might be explained by a plateau effect."	( The awakening concentration of sevoflurane in children. Baba, Y; Inomata, S; Kihara, S; Kohda, Y; Toyooka, H; Yaguchi, Y, 2000)	0.59
" Drug absorption into plastics may affect drug dosage and the migration of plastics' additives into a drug solution may affect drug composition."	( A qualitative investigation into the physical stability of polypropylene and polyethylene in liquid isoflurane and sevoflurane. Fee, JP; Murray, JM; Renfrew, CW, 2000)	0.52
" The circulatory and metabolic conditions under induced hypotensive anesthesia were influenced by both vasodilators and anesthetics, and the dosage of vasodilator to decrease arterial blood pressure was dependent on the anesthetic used simultaneously."	( [Comparisons of vasodilators and anesthetics in their effects on the circulatory and metabolic conditions during hypotensive anesthesia]. Toi, T, 2000)	0.31
"A prospective crossover, dose-response study using sevoflurane and isoflurane before the start of surgery, followed by randomization to sevoflurane or isoflurane for surgery with blinded assessment for recovery."	( Sevoflurane versus isoflurane in patients undergoing valvular cardiac surgery. Bennett, SR; Griffin, SC, 2001)	2.01
"A pulmonary artery catheter was used to obtain a complete hemodynamic profile during the dose-response study before surgery."	( Sevoflurane versus isoflurane in patients undergoing valvular cardiac surgery. Bennett, SR; Griffin, SC, 2001)	1.75
" At this time the volatile agent administration was stopped or propofol dosage reduced in half the patients in each group (n = 20 in each group)."	( Neostigmine antagonism of rocuronium block during anesthesia with sevoflurane, isoflurane or propofol. Breslin, DS; Hayes, AH; Mirakhur, RK; Reid, JE, 2001)	0.55
" The EEG was recorded continuously as part of the standard monitoring process and served mainly as a dosage guide for anesthetics/narcotics."	( Sharp transients in the EEGs of non-epileptic adult patients receiving sevoflurane. Beger, FA; Grouven, U; Korsch, G; Schultz, A; Schultz, B, 2001)	0.54
" The effects of combining alfentanil and sevoflurane on hypoxic Vi and HR responses and BIS could be predicted from the separate dose-response curves."	( Response surface modeling of alfentanil-sevoflurane interaction on cardiorespiratory control and bispectral index. Dahan, A; Nieuwenhuijs, D; Olofsen, E; Romberg, R; Sarton, E; Teppema, L, 2001)	0.84
" The variances of these three measurements were not significantly different, indicating that these dose-response relationships were similar."	( Loss of volition and pain response during induction of anaesthesia with propofol or sevoflurane. Drummond, GB; Thompson, S, 2001)	0.54
" However, considering the selected dosing regimen, recovery times were significantly shorter for children after TIVA."	( [Propofol-remifentanil versus sevoflurane-remifentanil for anesthesia for pediatric procedures in infants, children and adolescents]. Albrecht, S; Carbon, R; Fechner, J; Fritsch, B; Rösch, W; Schmidt, J; Schmitz, B, 2001)	0.6
" Dose-response relationships of rocuronium under both anaesthetic regimes were assessed using a generalised linear model based on the maximum-likelihood-technique."	( [Sevoflurane augments the degree and speeds the onset of rocuronium evoked neuromuscular blockade in children]. Eikermann, M; Peters, J; Renzing-Köhler, K, 2001)	1.22
"The objective of this study was to determine a dosing regimen for remifentanil-sevoflurane anaesthesia that achieves an optimal balance between quality of anaesthesia and time to recovery."	( Remifentanil-sevoflurane anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: comparison of three dose regimens. Bencini, AF; Ephraim, EP; Frietman, RC; Houweling, PL; Mulder, PG; van Delden, PG; van Niekerk, J; van Stolk, MA; Verheijen, R; Wajer, OJ, 2002)	0.91
" We conclude that separate dose-response relationships for oral clonidine are present regarding the hypnotic and analgesic effects in children undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia."	( The hypnotic and analgesic effects of oral clonidine during sevoflurane anesthesia in children: a dose-response study. Baba, Y; Inomata, S; Kihara, S; Kohda, Y; Miyabe, M; Sumiya, K; Toyooka, H, 2002)	0.75
"Separate dose-response relationships for oral clonidine were found regarding the hypnotic and analgesic effects in children undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia."	( The hypnotic and analgesic effects of oral clonidine during sevoflurane anesthesia in children: a dose-response study. Baba, Y; Inomata, S; Kihara, S; Kohda, Y; Miyabe, M; Sumiya, K; Toyooka, H, 2002)	0.76
" For the first group, CBF measurement was carried out on three different occasions: (i) at a basal low drug dosage; (ii) having increased the drug dosage to a higher level; and (iii) having reduced the drug dosage to the basal low level again."	( Cochlear blood flow modifications induced by anaesthetic drugs in middle ear surgery: comparison between sevoflurane and propofol. Albera, R; Canale, A; De Siena, L; Ferrero, V; Pallavicino, F; Poli, L, 2003)	0.53
"The adjustment of local anesthetic dosage for peripheral nerve block must meet two basic requirements: a drug concentration sufficient to inhibit Na+ channels to the point of impulse failure and a volume of drug sufficient to expose a length of nerve longer than the "critical length" for propagation failure."	( The critical role of concentration for lidocaine block of peripheral nerve in vivo: studies of function and drug uptake in the rat. Birknes, J; Nakamura, T; Popitz-Bergez, F; Strichartz, GR, 2003)	0.32
" The study verified the 2 previously published BIS/N2O investigations showing no correlation between N2O dosage up to 70% and BIS."	( Bispectral EEG index monitoring of high-dose nitrous oxide and low-dose sevoflurane sedation. Ganzberg, S; Hall, DL; Rashid, R; Weaver, J; Wilson, S, 2002)	0.55
" At this time, sevoflurane or the propofol dosage was reduced in each group (n = 20 in each group)."	( Tactile assessment for the reversibility of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade during propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia. Cheong, MA; Kim, KS; Lee, HJ; Lee, JM, 2004)	0.89
" The authors investigated the dose-response relation of SE and RE during sevoflurane anesthesia in comparison with the Bispectral Index (BIS)."	( Spectral entropy and bispectral index as measures of the electroencephalographic effects of sevoflurane. Alves, TM; Bruhn, J; Ellerkmann, RK; Hoeft, A; Kreuer, S; Liermann, VM; Roepcke, H; Wenningmann, I; Wilhelm, W, 2004)	0.78
" Comparison of dose-dependent vasodilatory properties between sevoflurane and isoflurane, the more traditional neuroanesthetic agent, requires comparable dosing of the agents."	( Sevoflurane induces less cerebral vasodilation than isoflurane at the same A-line autoregressive index level. Akeson, J; Holmström, A, 2005)	2.01
"Gender affects the dosing requirements for, and response to, many drugs used in anesthetic practice."	( The influence of gender on loss of consciousness with sevoflurane or propofol. Johansen, JW; Kodaka, M; Sebel, PS, 2005)	0.58
" The dosage of propofol, desflurane, and sevoflurane, obtained with a value of bispectral index (BIS) 40, was kept unchanged throughout the course, and remifentanil was titrated to maintain controlled hypotension: systolic arterial blood pressure 70 to 90 mmHg and mean arterial blood pressure 50 to 65 mmHg."	( Hypotensive anesthesia and recovery of cognitive function in long-term craniofacial surgery. Caverni, V; Favaro, R; Pinto, G; Rosa, G; Tordiglione, P, 2005)	0.59
"Clinical pharmacists rarely are involved in the selection and dosing of anesthetic agents."	( Inhalation anesthesiology and volatile liquid anesthetics: focus on isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane. Connolly, LA; Klauck, JA; Sakai, EM, 2005)	0.55
" The steepness of the dose-response curve varies between phases of increasing and decreasing anesthetic concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling the hypnotic effect of sevoflurane using the spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram. Barnard, JP; Johannsen, EK; McKay, ID; Sleigh, JW; Voss, LJ, 2006)	0.57
"005), with no dose-response relationship, but had no effect on preoperative Tp-e."	( A comparison of the effect on dispersion of repolarization of age-adjusted MAC values of sevoflurane in children. Booker, PD; Lim, J; Sanatani, S; Whyte, SD, 2007)	0.56
" Using a sigmoid E(max) model and a first-order rate constant k(e0), we characterized the dose-response relationships for BIS and area-R1."	( Multi-level approach to anaesthetic effects produced by sevoflurane or propofol in humans: 1. BIS and blink reflex. Booij, L; Lerou, J; Mourisse, J; Struys, M; Zwarts, M, 2007)	0.59
" Using a sigmoid E(max) model and a first-order rate constant k(e0), we characterized the dose-response relationships for BIS and TIWR."	( Multi-level approach to anaesthetic effects produced by sevoflurane or propofol in humans: 2. BIS and tetanic stimulus-induced withdrawal reflex. Booij, L; Lerou, J; Mourisse, J; Struys, M; Zwarts, M, 2007)	0.59
"Although BIS became considerably appreciated, growing experience and repeated education had no impact on drug dosing and BIS levels."	( Bispectral index monitoring: appreciated but does not affect drug dosing and hypnotic levels. Brudin, L; Lindholm, ML; Sandin, RH, 2008)	0.35
"Anesthetized, open-chest New Zealand White rabbits were used to acquire dose-response curves with sevoflurane, desflurane, and propofol, followed by reduction to baseline infusion."	( Persistent depression of contractility and vasodilation with propofol but not with sevoflurane or desflurane in rabbits. Angus, JA; Liew, DF; Royse, AG; Royse, CF; Wright, CE, 2008)	0.79
" However, SEP monitoring can be done with sevoflurane inhalation, but the dosage should be adjusted due to interindividual variability."	( Somatosensory evoked potentials by median nerve stimulation in children during thiopental/sevoflurane anesthesia and the additive effects of ketoprofen and fentanyl. Hyvärinen, A; Kokki, H; Nieminen, K; Partanen, J; Westerén-Punnonen, S; Yppärilä-Wolters, H, 2008)	0.83
" The dose-response relation of PE during sevoflurane anesthesia was compared with that of AE."	( Using permutation entropy to measure the electroencephalographic effects of sevoflurane. Cui, S; Li, X; Voss, LJ, 2008)	0.84
" The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model adequately described the dose-response relation between PE and AE and sevoflurane effect site concentration."	( Using permutation entropy to measure the electroencephalographic effects of sevoflurane. Cui, S; Li, X; Voss, LJ, 2008)	0.79
" However, no reports of levobupivacaine concentrations have been published with this dosing scheme."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) after caudal administration in children younger than 3 years. Cortínez, LI; Fuentes, R; Muñoz, HR; Ostermann, P; Solari, S; Vega, M, 2008)	0.35
" The dose-response relation of Hilbert-Huang spectral entropy during sevoflurane anesthesia is presented."	( Analysis of depth of anesthesia with Hilbert-Huang spectral entropy. Li, D; Li, X; Liang, Z; Sleigh, JW; Voss, LJ, 2008)	0.58
" These formulations can be used to rapidly induce anesthesia with bolus dosing from which recovery is smooth and rapid."	( Fluoropolymer-based emulsions for the intravenous delivery of sevoflurane. Fast, JP; Mecozzi, S; Pearce, RA; Perkins, MG, 2008)	0.59
" However, despite major differences in their algorithms and minor differences in their dose-response relations, both PSI and BIS predicted depth of sevoflurane anesthesia equally well."	( Comparison between bispectral index and patient state index as measures of the electroencephalographic effects of sevoflurane. Bruhn, J; Ellerkmann, RK; Grube, M; Hoeft, A; Kuech, M; Soehle, M; Wirz, S, 2008)	0.76
" The patients were randomized to 3 groups in which the sevoflurane dosage was guided by the BIS index, the A-line ARX index (AAI), or standard procedures (control group)."	( [Utility of bispectral vs auditory evoked potential monitoring during anesthetic maintenance in combined sevoflurane-regional anesthesia in pediatric patients: comparison with standard practice]. Alvarez, JC; Escolano, F; González, I; González-Rivero, MA; Rodrígueza, B; Santiveri, FX, 2008)	0.81
" The mean (SD) AAI was lower in patients whose dosage was controlled by the BIS index (19 [2]) than in those whose dosage was based on the AEP monitor's reading (22 [4]) (P=."	( [Utility of bispectral vs auditory evoked potential monitoring during anesthetic maintenance in combined sevoflurane-regional anesthesia in pediatric patients: comparison with standard practice]. Alvarez, JC; Escolano, F; González, I; González-Rivero, MA; Rodrígueza, B; Santiveri, FX, 2008)	0.56
"We compared dose-response curves of the hypnotic effects of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane. Bruhn, J; Grundmann, U; Kreuer, S; Rensing, H; Wilhelm, W; Ziegeler, S, 2009)	0.84
" Many studies have demonstrated a dose-response relationship with sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients induced and maintained under propofol anesthesia."	( A randomized, dose-response study of sugammadex given for the reversal of deep rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade under sevoflurane anesthesia. Claudius, C; Debaene, B; Duvaldestin, P; Heeringa, M; Klein, J; Kuizenga, K; Saldien, V; Servin, F, 2010)	0.56
"We designed this randomized, open-label, dose-response trial to explore the dose-response relationship of sugammadex for the reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium under propofol-induced and sevoflurane-maintained anesthesia."	( A randomized, dose-response study of sugammadex given for the reversal of deep rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade under sevoflurane anesthesia. Claudius, C; Debaene, B; Duvaldestin, P; Heeringa, M; Klein, J; Kuizenga, K; Saldien, V; Servin, F, 2010)	0.75
"To describe the culture and content of anesthesia practice; the stages, types, and goals of anesthesia; nomenclature and factors that can affect dosing of inhaled anesthesia; basis for anesthesiologist choices among inhaled anesthesia agents; and special considerations in using inhaled anesthesia in bariatric surgery patients, pediatric patients, and cardiac surgery patients; and to provide insights into myths associated with inhaled anesthesia."	( An anesthesiologist's perspective on inhaled anesthesia decision-making. Prielipp, RC, 2010)	0.36
" The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetic agents, which anesthesiologists use in dosing these drugs, can be affected by age, a variety of medications, and other patient-specific factors."	( An anesthesiologist's perspective on inhaled anesthesia decision-making. Prielipp, RC, 2010)	0.36
"Monitoring depth of anesthesia may improve anesthetic dosing and postanesthetic recovery in obese patients."	( Effects of A-line Autoregression Index (AAI) monitoring on recovery after sevoflurane anesthesia for bariatric surgery. Carron, M; Foletto, M; Freo, U; Innocente, F; Nitti, D; Ori, C, 2011)	0.6
"NT monitoring can be used to effectively predict the recovery of consciousness in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and facilitates a significant reduction of the recovery time and sufentanil dosage during a sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia."	( [Narcotrend index monitoring can predict the recovery of consciousness in patients undergoing abdominal surgery]. Gu, MN; Sun, CJ; Xu, JS, 2010)	0.55
" Little information is available about the dose-response relationship of sevoflurane on the QTc interval."	( Modeling the effect of sevoflurane on corrected QT prolongation: a pharmacodynamic analysis. Han, DW; Jang, SB; Kern, SE; Park, K, 2010)	0.9
" The time to loss of consciousness (LOC), intubation time, intubation score, anesthetic dosage and adverse effects were recorded."	( [Comparison of sevoflurane and propofol in combined anesthesia induction with remifentanil for tracheal intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscope]. Cao, LH; Huang, W; Lin, WQ; Tan, HY; Zeng, WA; Zhong, ZJ, 2010)	0.71
"Electroacupuncture combined with Sevoflurane anesthesia can decrease the dosage of Sevoflurane, shorten the recovery time of anesthesia and improve the quality of anesthesia recovery of the patients undergoing resection of supratentorial tumor."	( [Effect of electroacupuncture on Sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing resection of supratentorial tumor]. An, LX; Han, RQ; He, Y; Li, SQ; Ren, XJ; Wang, BG, 2010)	0.92
" This case series aimed to examine whether the aggressive dosing of remifentanil, exerting both depressor and bradycardic actions with short durations, is applicable for hemodynamic control during pheochromocytoma resection."	( [Successful anesthetic management of three patients receiving pheochromocytoma resection using extremely high-dose remifentanil infusion]. Masuda, R; Serada, K; Shimoyama, Y; Suzuki, T, 2010)	0.36
" In the dose-response analysis, the 50% and 95% effective doses were lower for sevoflurane than for propofol in both muscles, although this did not reach statistical significance."	( Neuromuscular blockade by vecuronium during induction with 5% sevoflurane or propofol. Higa, K; Iwashita, K; Kusumoto, G; Nitahara, K; Shono, S; Sugi, Y, 2010)	0.83
" Total lung resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (CL) were recorded and the dose-response curves for acetylcholine (Ach) of RL and CL were used to evaluate the bronchodilator effect."	( Synergic bronchodilator effects of a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor olprinone with a volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane in ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs. Iwasaki, S; Watanabe, A; Yamakage, M; Zhou, J, 2011)	0.58
"The dose-response curve for Ach of RL was elevated that for and CL was depressed significantly in the ovalbumin-sensitised animals compared to normal control guinea pigs."	( Synergic bronchodilator effects of a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor olprinone with a volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane in ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs. Iwasaki, S; Watanabe, A; Yamakage, M; Zhou, J, 2011)	0.58
" After an interval of ≥ 1 week, the MAC reduction experiment was repeated with an increased butorphanol dosage (4 mg/kg)."	( Effects of butorphanol on the minimum anesthetic concentration for sevoflurane in guineafowl (Numida meleagris). Brosnan, RJ; Coelho, CM; Denicol, AC; Escobar, A; Flôres, FN; Thiesen, R; Valadão, CA, 2012)	0.62
" Increasing the butorphanol dosage decreased the MAC for sevoflurane, but the effect was small and of short duration for dosages up to 4 mg/kg."	( Effects of butorphanol on the minimum anesthetic concentration for sevoflurane in guineafowl (Numida meleagris). Brosnan, RJ; Coelho, CM; Denicol, AC; Escobar, A; Flôres, FN; Thiesen, R; Valadão, CA, 2012)	0.86
" The dose-response relation of sample entropy is compared with that of RE."	( Measuring the effects of sevoflurane on electroencephalogram using sample entropy. Behnam, H; Shalbaf, R; Sleigh, J; Voss, L, 2012)	0.68
"Sevoflurane pretreatment exerts a protective effect on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury but there is no significant dose-response relationship in the concentration range used."	( Protective effect of sevoflurane on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the rat: A dose-response study. Jiang, P; Liu, H; Liu, L; Zhou, SP, 2013)	2.15
" Furthermore there are other factors such as succinylcholines use when fast intubation is needed, the wrong myorelaxant and dosage choice."	( [Modern approach to the neuromuscular blocking agents use in pediatric patients]. Agavelyan, EG; Stepanenko, SM, )	0.13
"We estimated the optimal dosage of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane, for the maximum cardioprotective effect with minimal angioparalytic action."	( [Sevoflurane optimal dosage estimation for myocardium pharmacological postconditioning: an experimental study]. Charchian, ÉR; Grishin, AV; Iavorovskiĭ, AG; Ivanova, AG; Paliulina, MV; Sitnichenko, NV; Zhidkov, IL, )	1.29
" A chosen dosage of DEX was infused for 10 minutes in the preoperative holding area."	( A dose-finding study of preoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine in children's emergence delirium after epiblepharon surgery. Lee, H; Yang, S, )	0.13
" The dosage for anesthesia maintenance, recovery time of awareness, extubation time, incidences of nausea, vomiting and chill and irritation of urethral catheters were observed and recorded."	( [Effects of assisted-electroacupuncture on recovery of fast tracking anesthesia in mPCNL]. Chen, YH; Lin, CQ; Luo, FR; Ou, JY; Xie, LC; Yan, J; Yang, YB; Zhang, CZ; Zhang, SL; Zhong, SQ, 2014)	0.4
"The assisted-electroacupuncture anesthesia could reduce the dosage of remifentanil and sevoflurane in mPCNL fast tracking anesthesia in urinary surgery, reduce the incidences of nausea, vomiting, chill and irritation of urethral catheters during recovery stage, and prompt recovery of mPCNL patients."	( [Effects of assisted-electroacupuncture on recovery of fast tracking anesthesia in mPCNL]. Chen, YH; Lin, CQ; Luo, FR; Ou, JY; Xie, LC; Yan, J; Yang, YB; Zhang, CZ; Zhang, SL; Zhong, SQ, 2014)	0.63
"Knowledge of the consumed amount of volatile anesthetic (VA) expressed in liquid agent is necessary to enable agent sparing dosing measures and for billing purposes."	( Reliability of the volatile agent consumption display in the Draeger Primus™ anesthesia machine. Biro, P; Kneschke, O; Theusinger, OM, 2015)	0.42
" No significant differences in Remifentanil dosing were observed in the four groups."	( Navigator® and SmartPilot® View are helpful in guiding anesthesia and reducing anesthetic drug dosing. Cirillo, V; De Robertis, E; Desantis, O; Iacono, C; Piazza, O; Romano, GM; Servillo, G; Tufano, R; Zito Marinosci, G, 2015)	0.42
"Case-by-case assessment of volatile anesthetic (VA) consumption is necessary to perform agent sparing dosing measures and for billing purposes."	( Accuracy of calculated volatile agent consumption from fresh gas content. Biro, P; Kneschke, O; Theusinger, OM, 2015)	0.42
"This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in the diminution of fentanyl dosage in pediatric cardiac surgery based on some clinical and biochemical parameters."	( Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the diminution of fentanyl dosage in pediatric cardiac surgery. Li, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Xia, Y; Ye, H; Yuan, X, 2017)	0.46
"Fifty pediatric patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists II), 1-6 years old, were randomly allocated into two groups: group F (control group), in which patients received normal saline and high dosage of fentanyl (30 μg/kg), and group D, in which patients were given DEX and low dosage of fentanyl (15 μg/kg)."	( Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the diminution of fentanyl dosage in pediatric cardiac surgery. Li, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Xia, Y; Ye, H; Yuan, X, 2017)	0.46
"The results indicated that low dosage of fentanyl supplemented with DEX almost had the same anesthesia effects and inflammation extent compared with high dose of fentanyl, which suggested that infusion DEX might decrease fentanyl consumption in pediatric cardiac surgery."	( Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the diminution of fentanyl dosage in pediatric cardiac surgery. Li, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Xia, Y; Ye, H; Yuan, X, 2017)	0.46
" Group size or dosage might have been too small, and change of statistical analysis parameters in the post-hoc evaluation might have further contributed to a limitation of our results."	( Nausea and Vomiting following Balanced Xenon Anesthesia Compared to Sevoflurane: A Post-Hoc Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Apfel, CC; Biener, IA; Coburn, M; Cremer, J; Eisert, A; Fahlenkamp, AV; Leuchter, R; Peters, D; Rossaint, R; Stoppe, C, 2016)	0.67
" The dosage of sevoflurane (SEVO) in the operation process and the pain score at the 6, 12 and 24 h after operation were recorded."	( [Incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia]. Li, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.79
"In addition, the data were also gathered on the dosage of ephedrine and atropine were used, as well as the intraoperative awareness in the patients who were followed up on the first day after the operation."	( [Impact of dexmedetomidine-sevoflurane anesthesia on intraoperative wake-up test in children patients undergoing scoliosis surgery]. An, HX; Quan, LX; Wang, DX, 2016)	0.73
" Obesity is considered as one of the factors increasing the probability of intraoperative awareness due to problems with the dosing of anaesthetics."	( A comparison of BIS recordings during propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia and sevoflurane-based inhalational anaesthesia in obese patients. Gaszyński, T; Wieczorek, A, 2016)	0.66
" However, effective monitoring of young children may be even more important than for adults, to aid appropriate anesthetic dosing and reduce the chance of adverse consequences."	( Effect of age on the performance of bispectral and entropy indices during sevoflurane pediatric anesthesia: a pharmacometric study. Cinnella, G; Dambrosio, M; Raimondo, P; Sciusco, A; Sheng, Y; Standing, JF, 2017)	0.69
"003); the time-averaged ETS concentration and sevoflurane dosage were lower in group E (p < 0."	( Monitoring the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane for preventing awareness during anesthesia (MEETS-PANDA): A prospective clinical trial. Huang, Q; Lai, Z; Lin, P; Wang, J; Weng, X; Wu, G; Zhang, L, 2017)	0.98
"Balanced anesthesia allows for a reduced dosage of each component, while inducing general anesthesia of sufficient depth with potentially fewer side effects."	( Premedication with fentanyl-midazolam improves sevoflurane anesthesia for surgical intervention in laboratory mice. Arras, M; Cesarovic, N; Jirkof, P; Lipiski, M, 2017)	0.71
" Measurements included intraoperative blood pressure, heart rate, and the volume of intravenous fluids and dosage of vasoactive medications administered."	( The effects of intravenous lignocaine on depth of anaesthesia and intraoperative haemodynamics during open radical prostatectomy. Hu, R; Jang, J; McNicol, L; Rachbuch, C; Tan, C; Weinberg, L, 2017)	0.46
" Sufentanil dosage and incidence of EA during recovery of group A were also lower than those of group B (P<0."	( [Effect of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation after general anesthesia in children undergoing odontotherapy in day-surgery operating room]. Jiexue, W; Lin, L; Meisheng, L; Yang, J; Yueming, Z, 2017)	0.46
" End-tidal concentrations require adjustment to balance the risks of accidental awareness and excessive dosing in elderly people."	( Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Alderson, P; Lewis, SR; Miller, D; Pritchard, MW; Schofield-Robinson, OJ; Shelton, CL; Smith, AF, 2018)	0.48
"5 K: the standard dosage of ketamine (0."	( [Evaluation of Anesthesia Method to Minimize Intraoperative Body Movement and Respiratory Depression for Dilatation and Curettage A Retrospective Study]. Kitamura, J; Yamaguchi, S, 2016)	0.43
" Sevoflurane concentration and dosage were significantly lower in the DEX group than in the REMI group."	( Comparison of dexmedetomidine vs. remifentanil combined with sevoflurane during radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Chen, HX; He, Y; Hei, Z; Jian, C; Li, X; Pan, J; Zhou, S, 2019)	1.67
"In infants and young children, anesthetic dosing is based on population pharmacokinetics and patient hemodynamics not on patient-specific brain activity."	( Prevalence of Isoelectric Electroencephalography Events in Infants and Young Children Undergoing General Anesthesia. Abend, NS; Huh, JW; Kirschen, MP; Kurth, CD; Landis, WP; Lang, SS; Mensinger, JL; Topjian, AA; Yuan, I; Zhang, B, 2020)	0.56
" Although the clinical significance of these events remains uncertain, they suggest that dosing based on population pharmacokinetics and patient hemodynamics is often associated with unnecessary deep anesthesia during surgical procedures."	( Prevalence of Isoelectric Electroencephalography Events in Infants and Young Children Undergoing General Anesthesia. Abend, NS; Huh, JW; Kirschen, MP; Kurth, CD; Landis, WP; Lang, SS; Mensinger, JL; Topjian, AA; Yuan, I; Zhang, B, 2020)	0.56
"We concluded that it is necessary to consider the dosage and effect mechanisms of drugs used in children with CP to prevent overuse of anesthetics and emergence of anesthesia-related complications."	( Comparison of bispectral index values and depth of sedation during deep sedation using sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy children versus children with cerebral palsy. Kip, G; Onal, P; Oztas, N, 2019)	0.74
" The dosage of opioids during and 24 h after operation, the pain score at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after operation, and the concentrations of serum VEGF and TGF-β before and 24 h after operation were observed in the two groups."	( Effect of thoracic paraspinal block-propofol intravenous general anesthesia on VEGF and TGF-β in patients receiving radical resection of lung cancer. Sen, Y; Xiyang, H; Yu, H, 2019)	0.51
" Neural activity and system-wide dynamics were compared in 10 animals, progressively dosed at 0%, 4%, and 8% isoflurane."	( Collapse of Global Neuronal States in Caenorhabditis elegans under Isoflurane Anesthesia. Awal, MR; Connor, CW; Gabel, CV; Wirak, GS, 2020)	0.56
" Further investigations are necessary to determine the safe dosage of volatile anesthetics specifically for this clinical scenario so that anesthesiologists can use this combination method more accurately and precisely."	( Laparoscopic gynecological surgery in an adult woman with Becker muscular dystrophy performed with sevoflurane with cisatracurium anesthesia: A case report. Liu, C; Ma, HC; Shan, BL; Wang, D; Zhang, S; Zhou, SY, 2020)	0.77
"The ability to monitor anesthetic states using automated approaches is expected to reduce inaccurate drug dosing and side-effects."	( Improved tracking of sevoflurane anesthetic states with drug-specific machine learning models. Akeju, O; Barbieri, R; Chamadia, S; Ethridge, BR; Gitlin, J; Hahm, EY; Ibala, R; Kashkooli, K; Mekonnen, J; Murphy, J; Pedemonte, JC; Polk, SL; Sun, H; Westover, MB, 2020)	0.88
" We found that neonatal anesthesia with sevoflurane in a clinically-relevant dosage could not induce social interaction deficit."	( Anesthesia plus surgery in neonatal period impairs preference for social novelty in mice at the juvenile age. Chen, Q; Ji, F; Ji, L; Jin, X; Sheng, R; Yang, J, 2020)	0.83
"Sevoflurane and propofol-based anesthetics are dosed according to vital signs, movement, and expired sevoflurane concentrations, which do not assess the anesthetic state of the brain and, therefore, risk underdose and overdose."	( Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Guide Propofol and Sevoflurane Dosing in Pediatric Anesthesia. Kurth, CD; Xu, T; Yuan, I, 2020)	2.25
" Objective guidance of opioid dosing using the Nociception Level (NOL) index, a multiparameter artificial intelligence-driven index designed to monitor nociception during surgery, may lead to a more appropriate analgesic regimen, with effects beyond surgery."	( Reduced postoperative pain using Nociception Level-guided fentanyl dosing during sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial. Aarts, L; Boon, M; Calis, P; Dahan, A; Honing, M; Martini, C; Meijer, F; Niesters, M; Olofsen, E; Roor, T; Toet, S; van Velzen, M, 2020)	0.78
"In this two-centre RCT, 50 patients undergoing abdominal surgery under fentanyl/sevoflurane anaesthesia were randomised to NOL-guided fentanyl dosing or standard care in which fentanyl dosing was based on haemodynamics."	( Reduced postoperative pain using Nociception Level-guided fentanyl dosing during sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial. Aarts, L; Boon, M; Calis, P; Dahan, A; Honing, M; Martini, C; Meijer, F; Niesters, M; Olofsen, E; Roor, T; Toet, S; van Velzen, M, 2020)	1.01
" We attribute this to NOL-driven rather than BP- and HR-driven fentanyl dosing during anaesthesia."	( Reduced postoperative pain using Nociception Level-guided fentanyl dosing during sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial. Aarts, L; Boon, M; Calis, P; Dahan, A; Honing, M; Martini, C; Meijer, F; Niesters, M; Olofsen, E; Roor, T; Toet, S; van Velzen, M, 2020)	0.78
" Thus, we evaluated the significance of dosing interval in the neurotoxic effects of multiple ketamine injections in postnatal day (PND) 17 mice."	( Interval-dependent neurotoxicity after multiple ketamine injections in late postnatal mice. Chung, W; Cui, J; Heo, JY; Hong, B; Ju, X; Kim, YH; Ko, Y; Lee, Y; Youn, AM; Yun, S, 2021)	0.62
" Future studies should carefully consider the dosing interval as a significant factor when studying the neurotoxic effects of multiple anesthetic exposures."	( Interval-dependent neurotoxicity after multiple ketamine injections in late postnatal mice. Chung, W; Cui, J; Heo, JY; Hong, B; Ju, X; Kim, YH; Ko, Y; Lee, Y; Youn, AM; Yun, S, 2021)	0.62
" Automatically recorded dosing and effect data from more than 9,000 patients was available for the analysis."	( The Drug Titration Paradox: Correlation of More Drug With Less Effect in Clinical Data. Filipovic, M; Minto, CF; Schnider, TW, 2021)	0.62
" The objective of this trial was to elucidate whether haemodynamic or electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring parameters during general anaesthesia or sevoflurane dosage correlate with the incidence of PODE."	( Intraoperative monitoring parameters and postoperative delirium: Results of a prospective cross-sectional trial. Diegmann, O; Fielbrand, R; Fischer-Kumbruch, M; Hinken, L; Jung, C; Krauß, T; Scheinichen, D; Schenk, I; Schultz, B; Trübenbach, D, 2021)	0.82
" The potency and dosage of these drugs is expressed by the MAC value (minimum alveolar concentration)."	( The effect of desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve in human blood samples. Gatterer, H; Haller, T; Mair, N; Oberacher, H; Plunser, D; Ronzani, M; Rugg, C; Ströhle, M; Woyke, S, 2022)	0.99
" After Institutional Review Board approval and written informed consent, 75 ASA 1-3 adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, were randomized to NOL-guided fentanyl dosing (NOL) or standard care (SOC) and completed the study."	( Reduced postoperative pain in patients receiving nociception monitor guided analgesia during elective major abdominal surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. Freundlich, A; Fuica, R; Gozal, Y; Greenman, D; Krochek, C; Weissbrod, R, 2023)	0.91
" Muscle relaxant effects were monitored in both groups using a muscle relaxant monitor (train of stimuli-Watch), the onset time, T1 and T2 recovery time, and muscle relaxant dosage of vecuronium were observed."	( Comparison of the synergistic effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on muscle relaxant vecuronium in laparoscopic colon cancer surgery. Song, Q; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhao, X, 2022)	0.99
" The dosage of sevoflurane from the beginning of OLV to T2 was calculated."	( Effect of dexmedetomidine on intrapulmonary shunt in patients with sevoflurane maintained during one-lung ventilation: A case-control study. Gong, C; Wang, Y; Yu, F; Zhang, Q, 2022)	1.31
"The EEG can be used to individually adjust sevoflurane dosing during hypothermia."	( Depth of anesthesia, temperature, and postoperative delirium in children and adolescents undergoing cardiac surgery. Dennhardt, N; Drouche, A; Köditz, H; Schmidt, M; Schultz, B; Schultz, M, 2023)	1.17
"Our study aimed to demonstrate that the combination of sevoflurane inhalation with continuous intravenous anesthesia can effectively reduce the dosage of muscle relaxants, shorten extubation time under anesthesia while meeting the requirements of laparoscopic deep neuromuscular block (dNMB) in obese patients."	( Effect of Sevoflurane on the Deep Neuromuscular Blockade in Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Single Center Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Hao, J; Li, J; Liu, Y; Shao, L; Song, B; Wan, L; Wang, H; Xue, FS, 2023)	1.56
"Patients who inhaled sevoflurane during the operation required a lower dosage of muscle relaxant to achieve the same deep neuromuscular block (dNMB) effect."	( Effect of Sevoflurane on the Deep Neuromuscular Blockade in Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Single Center Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Hao, J; Li, J; Liu, Y; Shao, L; Song, B; Wan, L; Wang, H; Xue, FS, 2023)	1.63
"Inhaling sevoflurane combined with continuous intravenous anesthesia during the operation effectively reduces the dosage of muscle relaxant required to achieve the same deep neuromuscular block (dNMB) effect."	( Effect of Sevoflurane on the Deep Neuromuscular Blockade in Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Single Center Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Hao, J; Li, J; Liu, Y; Shao, L; Song, B; Wan, L; Wang, H; Xue, FS, 2023)	1.73
" A dosage of 2 μg/kg is more effective in preventing severe ED and providing better mask acceptance."	( The Effect of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on Emergence Delirium Prevention in Pediatric Ambulatory Dental Rehabilitation Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chen, H; Cui, Q; Feng, J; He, H; Huang, X; Shao, Y; Wang, S; Yu, T, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
inhalation anaesthetic	null
platelet aggregation inhibitor	A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
central nervous system depressant	A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
organofluorine compound	An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
ether	An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Ethanol metabolism resulting in production of ROS by CYP2E1	1	17
Ethanol metabolism production of ROS by CYP2E1	1	17

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	39.8107	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588218	FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588217	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID588214	FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID603952	In-vitro blood to lung partition coefficients of the compound, logP(lung) (human/rat)	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID603950	In-vitro air to lung partition coefficients of the compound, logK(lung) (human/rat)	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID588216	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1654624	Drug metabolism in human	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-25, Volume: 63, Issue:12	Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID588215	FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID588219	FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID603951	In-vitro air to blood partition coefficients of the compound, logK(blood) (human/rat)	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	90 (1.32)	18.7374
1990's	1065 (15.61)	18.2507
2000's	2218 (32.50)	29.6817
2010's	2426 (35.55)	24.3611
2020's	1025 (15.02)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2,150 (30.15%)	5.53%
Reviews	290 (4.07%)	6.00%
Case Studies	668 (9.37%)	4.05%
Observational	94 (1.32%)	0.25%
Other	3,929 (55.10%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (527)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Effects of General Anesthesia on Microcirculation of Central and Peripheral Soft Tissue: a Comparison of Inhalational and Intravenous Anesthetics [NCT02530632]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Recruiting
An International, Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating The Effect of Xenon on Post-operative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery [NCT01199276]	Phase 2	256 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
The Neuroprotection of Sevoflurane Preconditioning on Perioperative Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery [NCT01204268]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Recruiting
Inhaled Sevofluran vs Endovenous Propofol for Sedation Maintenance in Patients Submitted to Colonoscopy [NCT03818048]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-01	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Hepato-splanchnic Pressure and Flow During Hepatobiliary Surgery [NCT03772106]	Phase 4	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-08	Completed
A Multi-center, Open-Label, Randomized, Active-controlled, Parallel, Phase 4 Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Sevofran in Patients Scheduled for Elective Surgery Under General Anesthesia [NCT01096212]	Phase 4	178 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study to Compare the Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol for Maintenance of Anesthesia on Postoperative Recovery After Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma [NCT05822817]	Phase 4	252 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-03	Recruiting
Impact of Propofol Versus Sevoflurane on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients After Spine Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05158998]	Phase 4	298 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-21	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetic of Sevoflurane During a 48h Sedation in ICU With AnaConDa® [NCT01196754]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Comparation Analgesia Efficiency With Propofol Combine Sevoflurane vs Propofol Using Index of Nociception (NOX) [NCT03841812]	Phase 3	146 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-20	Completed
Simultaneous Quantification of Dynamic and Static Cerebral Autoregulation (CA) at Different Steady-state Mean Blood Pressures Under Anaesthesia. [NCT03816072]		66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-07	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Postoperative Troponin I Levels in Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Defects Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03630796]	Phase 4	66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-08-20	Recruiting
Effect of Rematazolam Besylate, Propofol, and Sevoflurane Perioperative Sedation on Incidence of Emergence Agitation and Hemodynamics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery [NCT05624424]	Phase 4	1,317 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-15	Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Different General Anesthetics on Serum Folic Acid and Homocysteine Concentrations in Children [NCT03746340]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-11-07	Enrolling by invitation
Paravertebral Nerve Blocks in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Repair of Aortic Coarctation, A Pilot Study [NCT03408340]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-18	Recruiting
Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating Incidence and Correlation Between Pain and Emergence Delirium After Adenotonsillectomy in Preschool Children [NCT01096797]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Memory Priming for Abstract and Concrete Words in General BIS Guided Propofol vs. Sevoflurane Anesthesia [NCT03727464]		102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-07	Completed
Opioid-Free Shoulder Arthroplasty [NCT03540030]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Nitrous Oxide - Sevoflurane-Remifentanil Interaction: Multiple Response Surfaces, Validation of Calibration Stimuli, Validation of the Intraoperative Isobole Concept and Investigating Remifentanil Induced Opioid Tolerance. [NCT01103193]	Phase 4	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Need of change to the protocol. As the Principal Investigator has left the University Hospital Ghent end 2010, the change of protocol was never submitted.)
The Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Light Flashed Evoked Pupillometry [NCT01219569]		35 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-08-31	Completed
The Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane in Children With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [NCT04125550]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Impact of the Automated Administration of Intravenous Anesthesia Compared to Inhalatory Anesthesia on the Speed of Emergence and the Occurrence of Postoperative Delirium [NCT03705728]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-30	Recruiting
Influence of Anesthetic Technique on Acute and Chronic Neuropathic Pain [NCT02527083]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Effect of Ventilation on Speed of Induction of Anesthesia in Desflurane, Sevoflurane, and Isoflurane [NCT01171833]		36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Designing Optimal Prevention and Management of Postoperative Nausea and Emesis for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT03435003]	Phase 4	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-28	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Balanced General Anesthesia on Flash Visual Evoked Potential Monitoring During Sellar Tumors Resection [NCT04725032]		84 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-25	Recruiting
Influence of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Postoperative Sore Throat [NCT03259672]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Not yet recruiting
Laryngeal Mask Insertion Conditions And Hemodynamic Effects After Propofol And Ketamine-Propofol Co-induction [NCT03257800]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-01	Completed
Assessment of Cognitive Functions and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Supratentorial Brain Tumor - a Comparison of Two Anaesthetic Techniques [NCT02428972]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Cross-over Analysis of Sevoflurane Insufflation and Intravenous Sedation for Radiotherapy in Pediatric Patients [NCT04483258]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-05	Recruiting
Evaluation of Possible Neurotoxicity of Anesthesia Guided by Olfactory Changes in Middle-aged Patients [NCT04275531]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-03-01	Active, not recruiting
Comparison of Sedative Effects of Sevoflurane, Propofol and Dexmedetomidine on the Clinical Course of Delirium and Neuroinflammation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients [NCT02394418]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to for technical reasons)
Effect of Different Anesthetics on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rocuronium in Closed-Loop Muscle Relaxant Infusion System [NCT02364934]		240 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2015-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Endotracheal Intubation for Inhalational Anesthesia Without the Use of Muscle Relaxants or Analgesics [NCT03112564]		91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-01	Completed
Effect-site Concentration of Remifentanil for Preventing Cough During Emergence in Elderly Patients [NCT02334046]	Phase 4	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Effect on Sevoflurane Sedation on Intra Cranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients [NCT01374633]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision)
Accelerated Recovery Following Opioid-free Anaesthesia in Supratentorial Craniotomy [NCT05681429]		44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of Hemodynamic Parameters and Cardiac Enzyme Levels in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy Under TCI-TIVA and Sevoflurane Based General Anesthesia [NCT05598567]		140 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-06-06	Recruiting
Comparison of General Anesthesia and Combined General Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia on End Tidal Volatile Anesthetic Concentration in Cases Which Depth of Anesthesia is Adjusted Using Entropy Monitoring; A Prospective Trial [NCT04203290]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-19	Completed
Pharmacological Preconditioning Properties of Volatile Anesthetics [NCT00364637]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional	2005-01-31	Recruiting
Evaluation of the Sevoflurane Consumption During General Anesthesia When Using the MemsorbTM Membrane and Low Gas Flow Versus the Classical Chemical Absorbents With 2L.Min-1 Gas Flow for CO2 Removal From the Anesthesia Circuit. [NCT04539405]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-05-04	Completed
Comparing EEG Patterns in Different Age Groups During General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane [NCT03559504]		120 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-02-01	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Prevention of Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort [NCT02096224]		108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
The Effects of Propofol Based Intravenous vs Sevoflurane Inhalation Anaesthesia on Inflammation and Circulating Tumor Cells in Paediatric Tumor Surgery - a Pilot Study [NCT04475705]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-11	Recruiting
Comparison of Vasodilative Effects Between Sevoflurane and Desflurane Using Peripheral Perfusion Index [NCT03570164]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-18	Completed
Anesthesia in Patients With Mitochondrial Disease [NCT02053766]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-10	Recruiting
[NCT02089178]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to The study costed more than expected, so the investigators decided to end it.)
Investigation of Changes in the Levels of Exhaled NO and Eosinophil Blood Count in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy by Two Different Methods of General Anesthesia Maintenance [NCT02065635]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
The Frequency of Airway Complications After LMA Removal in Children: A Comparison of TIVA and Sevoflurane [NCT03553082]		135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-18	Completed
Sevoflurane-based Volatile Induction and Maintenance of Anaesthesia (VIMA) Strategy Decreases the Risk of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients With Registered Cerebral Hypoxemia Episodes During General Surgery [NCT02133638]	Phase 4	130 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Recruiting
Induction Agent and Incidence of Hypotension in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing LVAD-Implantation [NCT04934410]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Postoperative Sleep Quality of Patients Anesthesia With Propofol or Sevoflurane Undergoing Thyroidectomy [NCT02146976]	Phase 4	124 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Effect of Anesthetic Agents (Propofol, Sevoflurane) on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter(ONSD) in Patients Undergoing Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Gynecology Surgery [NCT03701529]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-15	Completed
In-vitro Experimental Study About Effects of Subanesthetic Isoflurane/Sevoflurane in 60% Oxygen on Clinical In-vitro Sepsis [NCT02185118]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Recruiting
Comparison of Propofol Based Anesthesia and Postoperative Sedation (PA) Versus Volatile Anesthetics Based Anesthesia and Postoperative Sedation (VA) in Cardiac Surgical Patients [NCT01151254]		146 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Human Biomonitoring of Operating Room Personnel With Occupational Exposure to the Volatile Anaesthetic Sevoflurane [NCT03891316]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-03-11	Completed
Evaluation of Preoperative Melatonin on Emergence Agitation After Herniorrhaphy Surgeries in Pediatrics [NCT05223010]	Phase 4	117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-30	Completed
Long-term Outcome Followed-up of the Cognitive Disorders After General Anesthesia [NCT01184638]	Phase 4	10,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Recruiting
Maintenance of Anaesthesia With Sevoflurane Versus Propofol and the Occurrence of Postoperative Headache. [NCT03789370]		130 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-11-07	Recruiting
Changes in Blood Oxygen Transport Function and Body Energy Expenditure During Anaesthesia During Cardiac Surgery in Adults: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05693428]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-22	Completed
Sevoflurane vs Propofol Effect on Endothelial Damage Markers After Knee Ligament Surgery. A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03772054]		16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-20	Completed
Pectoralis and Serratus Nerve Blocks for Mastectomy: a Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind, Controlled Trial [NCT03966326]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Postoperative Pain of Sevoflurane, Propofol, and Sevoflurane Plus Propofol in Maintenance of Anaesthesia for Gynaecological Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT01084200]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of Neurotoxic Effect of Sevoflurane-Based Anaesthesia Guided by Significant Short-Term Olfactory Identification Impairment in Old Age [NCT03726580]		600 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2017-03-01	Completed
Volatile Anaesthesia and Perioperative Outcomes Related to Cancer: The VAPOR-C Trial [NCT04316013]	Phase 3	3,500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-31	Recruiting
STUDY OF PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SECONDARY TO LUNG RESECTION SURGERY USING INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA VERSUS INHALATION ANESTHESIA WITH HALOGENATED AGENTS [NCT02168751]	Phase 4	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Influence of Small Doses Dexmedetomidine to the Elderly Patients' Emergence Agitation [NCT02169843]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Recruiting
Optimizing Anesthesia to Prevent Postoperative Cognitive and Functional Decline in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06036095]	Phase 4	260 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-14	Recruiting
Effects of Anesthetics Sevoflurane, Propofol and Desflurane on Postoperative Delirium (POD) and Postoperative Cognitive Disorder (POCD) [NCT03326960]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2016-01-01	Recruiting
Phase 1 Study of Antiinflammatory Effect of Sevoflurane in Open Lung Surgery With One-Lung Ventilation [NCT02188407]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Remimazolam vs Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia on Incidence of Emergence Agitation and Complications in Children Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgery [NCT05527314]		110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-08-23	Completed
The Influence of Type of Anesthesia on Mortality and Cancer Recurrence After Colon Cancer Surgery: Multi-center Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04259398]		797 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-18	Active, not recruiting
Phase 1 Study of the Impact of Propofol vs. Sevoflurane on Brain Damage and Inflammatory Response During Brain Tumour Surgery [NCT02229201]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Hypertensive Patients-A Single Center,Randomized, Double-blinded,Controlled Study [NCT02224443]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Sevoflurane Vs. Sevoflurane-desflurane Anesthesia in Children With Laryngeal Mask Airways; Difference in Respiratory Event, Recovery Time and Emergence Agitation [NCT02470442]		200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
A Comparison of Postoperative Emergence Agitation by Sevoflurane for Intraoperative Sedation Associated With Caudal Block in Children: Randomised Comparison of Two Dose [NCT03134547]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-01	Completed
The Use of Propofol/Ketamine Anesthesia With Bispectral Monitoring (PKA-BIS) Versus Inhalational Anesthetics in Rhytidoplasty - A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Comparison Study [NCT02410460]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Comparison of Postoperative Recovery Quality Between Sevoflurane and Remimazolam for General Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor [NCT05356091]		36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-12-02	Completed
Comparison of Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane as Maintaining Anesthetics During General Anesthesia on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes After Cesarean Section [NCT03149588]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-04-03	Recruiting
The Optimal Dose of Sevoflurane Via Anaconda® in Post-operative Patient Underwent Head & Neck Surgery [NCT03559920]		49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-03	Completed
Investigation of the DNA Methylation Profile in Children Who Presented Emergence Delirium [NCT03787849]		175 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-24	Completed
The Clinical Research of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Used in Plastic Surgery of Children : A Single Center ,Randomized ,Double-blinded, Controlled Study. [NCT02222636]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Not yet recruiting
The Influence of Anesthesia on Postoperative Outcome and Complications in Colorectal Cancer Patients [NCT02786329]	Early Phase 1	450 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Recruiting
Comparison Between Inhalation and Intravenous Induction of Anaesthesia During Interventional Mitral Valve Repair [NCT04865614]		57 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-04-01	Completed
Effects of Propofol on Early Recovery of Hunger After Ambulatory Surgery Compared With Sevoflurane [NCT02272166]	Phase 4	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
Quantitative Electroencephalogram and Bispectral Index Brain Mapping During Propofol vs Sevoflurane General Anesthesia A Randomized Comparative Trial [NCT05102422]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-08-21	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Endothelial Glycocalyx in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Surgery [NCT05068336]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-08-25	Completed
Comparison of Intravenous Anesthetics and Volatile Anesthetics on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction of Patients Undergoing Endovascular Repair of Aortic Aneurysm and Endovascular Treatment of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans of Lower Extremities. [NCT02107170]	Phase 4	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Volatile Anesthetics to Reduce Mortality in Cardiac Surgery: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Study [NCT02105610]	Phase 4	5,400 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-14	Completed
Comparative Study of Single Port Thoracoscopic Bullectomy Under Nonintubated Local and Sedation Anesthesia Versus Intubated General Anesthesia for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax. [NCT02109510]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery [NCT02918877]	Phase 1/Phase 2	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-09	Completed
The Effect of Volatile Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Shedding of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Using Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Free Flap [NCT05136508]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-21	Completed
Influence of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function on Hemodynamic Stability During Anesthesia Induction and on Postoperative Complications [NCT03522194]		200 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-04-01	Completed
The Effect of Glasgow Coma Scales on General Anesthesia in Neurosurgery Patients [NCT03521414]		45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-03	Completed
Immunomodulatory Effects of Volatile and Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Patients With Renal Cancer [NCT03514550]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-14	Completed
Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension or Interstitial Lung Disease Travelling to Altitude - Effect of Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy on Breathing and Sleep [NCT02150616]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Active, not recruiting
Sevoflurane's Effect on Neurocognition Study [NCT06044740]	Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-01	Recruiting
Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate Added to Bupivacaine in Suprascapular Nerve Block on Duration of Analgesia Following Shoulder Arthroscopy: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03602469]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale According to Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane During a Sedation With Sevoflurane in ICU Patients [NCT02202720]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine [NCT04965532]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparing the Efficacy Between Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Miantainance of Spontaneous General Anaesthesia Using Ambu Aura Gain in Paediatrics Patients [NCT04771962]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Volatile Anesthetic Pharmacokinetics During Extracorporeal Membrane [NCT05680545]		10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-07-01	Not yet recruiting
Validation of the Interaction Model of the Anesthetic Potency of Sevoflurane, Propofol and Remifentanil [NCT02457442]	Phase 4	172 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Completed
Difference Between Inhalation Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Free Flap Surgery [NCT03263078]		78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Completed
Three-level Injection Paravertebral Block Using Paravertebral Catheter Compared to General Anesthesia in Mastectomy Surgery [NCT02065947]	Phase 1/Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Dexmedetomidine Versus Sevoflurane Inhalation for Fibreoptic Nasotracheal Intubation in Children With Anticipated Difficult Intubation [NCT04426552]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Recruiting
Comparative Assessment of Intubating Conditions and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Sevoflurane Induction and Intubation. [NCT04802122]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-24	Completed
The Effect of Dexmedetomidine to Cognition of Geriatrics in Prolonged Surgery,A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT02123355]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Head Position on Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Endotracheal Intubation（MACEI）of Sevoflurane in Children With Obstructive Airway [NCT03522402]		38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Enrolling by invitation
Accuracy of the MAAS Method (Minimal-flow Auto-control Anesthesia System) for the Administration of Desflurane and Sevoflurane in the Anesthetic Maintenance Phase. Prospective and Paired Observational Study. [NCT05511610]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-10	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial: Role of EFTs (Emotional Freedom Techniques) in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. [NCT02169856]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
[NCT02182648]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Optimal End-Tidal Concentration of Sevoflurane and Desflurane for Removal of Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway in Anaesthetized Adults [NCT01083953]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
SEVOflurane Inhalation in CARdiac Arrest Resuscitated Patients Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia [NCT02201134]		18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Recruiting
Turgut Ozal Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation [NCT02267980]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Recruiting
Use of Sevoflurane, Midazolam and Ketamine in Children for Dental Sedation Treatment: Occurrence of Adverse Events [NCT02284204]	Phase 2	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
The Impact of Anesthesia on the Absorption of Glycine in Operative Hysteroscopy: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01124383]		95 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Fast-track in Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair With Desflurane and Sevoflurane: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03917186]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-20	Completed
Phase 4 Study of Long Term Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Elderly Patients [NCT02301676]	Phase 4	190 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Comparison the Incidence of Emergence Agitation Between Sevoflurane and Desflurane After Pediatric Urologic Surgery [NCT01235143]		136 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Emergence Times and Airway Reactions in General Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: a Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial (ACC Baxter) [NCT02322502]	Phase 3	352 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Detection of Responsiveness and Awareness in Old Aged Patients During Laryngoscopy and Intubation Using Isolated Forearm Technique [NCT05019560]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-05	Completed
"Volatile Anesthetic Protection Of Renal Transplants: VAPOR-1-trail" [NCT01248871]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
A Pilot Study to Investigate Plasma Bupivacaine Concentrations in Children Receiving Total Intravenous Anaesthesia and Caudal Analgesia [NCT01216007]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Remimazolam in Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia in OPCAB Surgery [NCT05396690]		94 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-15	Not yet recruiting
Impact of Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Anesthesia With Sevoflurane [NCT05331911]	Phase 4	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-26	Recruiting
The Safety and Feasibility of Delivering Xenon to Patients Before and After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Implantation: a Pilot Study [NCT01285271]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Depth of Long Term ICU Sedation Under 0,5 MAC Isoflurane, Sevoflurane or Desflurane Using MIRUS, an Automated Delivery System for Volatile Anaesthetics [NCT03860129]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-10	Completed
Different Anesthesia Maintain Protocol Effect the Outcome of the Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia for Urinary Surgery [NCT04443946]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-25	Completed
Effect of Propofol on Remifentanil-induced Postoperative Hyperalgesia in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery [NCT01189721]	Phase 4	84 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Recruiting
The Effects of Remifentanil and Remifentanil-Alfentanil Administration on Emergence Agitation After Brief Ophthalmic Surgery in Children [NCT02486926]		102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Protection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning During Congenital Cardiac Defects Repair Surgery With Sevoflurane But Not Propofol -A Clinical Trial [NCT02877238]	Phase 2	91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Postoperative Effects of Propofol Versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia During Elective Non-Cardiac Surgeries. A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05935930]	Phase 4	44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Hemodynamic Stability During Anesthesia Using Remimazolam and Sevoflurane in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery : A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05864625]		52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-29	Recruiting
Neuroprotective Effect of Desflurane in the Experimental Study: the Impact if Desflurane Preconditioning on the Content of the Phosphorylated Form of GSK-3b in the Neurons of the Rat's Brain in the Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion [NCT04287842]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to technical problem)
Sevoflurane Versus Propofol on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter During Anesthesia in Steep Trendelenburg Position [NCT04289090]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-14	Recruiting
A Novel Co-induction Technique Compared to Standard Inhalational and Intravenous Induction Techniques: a Prospective Randomized Control Study [NCT04284644]		105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-01	Completed
Assessment of the Anesthetic Effect on the Activity of Immune Cell in Patient With Breast Cancer [NCT02567929]		218 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Interest of the Induction With Target-controlled Inhalation of Sevoflurane on Spikes Wave Occurrence [NCT00775879]		34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
The Impact of Sevoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia on Hepatic Apoptosis Markers [NCT01000337]		67 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
1) The Effect of Xenon and Sevoflurane on Hypnosis Monitors. 2) Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. 3) Rescue Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Sevoflurane. [NCT00793663]	Phase 4	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Incidence of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus During Prolonged Sevoflurane Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit: a Retrospective Analysis [NCT04939753]		1,000 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-05-26	Completed
Vasodilation Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics Including Halothane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Desflurane and Enflurane [NCT00815269]		300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
The Impact of Intravenous Anaesthesia on Angiogenesis in Patients With Breast Cancer [NCT02839668]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Postoperative Pain Management After Renal Surgery [NCT02840526]		58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Use of Bispectral Index to Guide Intubation During Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children [NCT02806596]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery: a Prospective Observational Study [NCT04707794]		270 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-01-14	Recruiting
The Influence of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Hemostasis During Ophthalmic Surgery: Rotational Thromboelastographic Study. [NCT02151305]		66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Effects of Lumbar Plexus-sciatic Nerve Block Combined With Sevoflurane on Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients After Hip Arthroplasty: Study Protocol for a Prospective, Single-center, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial [NCT03162861]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Active, not recruiting
The Effects of Different Anesthetic Techniques on QT, Corrected QT (QTc), and P Wave Dispersions in Cesarean Section [NCT03134677]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-23	Completed
The Comparison of Changes of QTc, Tp-e Interval, and Tp-e/QT Ratio, Tp-e/QTc Ratio on the ECG During Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Under Sevoflurane, Desflurane and Total Intravenous Anesthesia -Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03539003]		69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-31	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane on the Content of S100β in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease Undergo Cardiac Surgery. [NCT03366597]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-20	Recruiting
The Effect of Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Back Surgery [NCT03336801]	Phase 4	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Completed
The Effect of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Clara Cell Protein on the Lung in Liver Transplant Donors: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04645316]		72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-25	Completed
Does Sevoflurane Induce Genomic Instability in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia? [NCT03109119]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-01	Recruiting
A Pharmacokinetic Study of Sevoflurane Inhalation in Burn ICU Patients [NCT02048683]	Phase 2	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Completed
The Effect of Sevoflurane on Cerebral Vasoreactivity Ans Systemic Arteries [NCT02054143]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Prospective, Single-blind Study Investigating the Effect of Sevoflurane and Desflurane, Agents Used in Patients on the MEP [NCT03100604]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Desflurane and Sevoflurane Minimal Flow Anesthesia on Recovery Parameters and Anesthetic Depth: a Randomized Prospective Study [NCT05024084]	Phase 4	130 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-05	Recruiting
Effect of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Serum CD39 and CD73 Level After Open Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT02136979]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-21	Completed
Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Pecto-intercostal Fascial Block Versus Intravenous Fentanyl for Postoperative Pain Management After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT04945694]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Propofol Versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: Feasibility of BIS Monitoring [NCT04485117]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension or Interstitial Lung Disease Travelling to Altitude - Effect of Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy on Exercise Performance [NCT02143687]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Comparison Between the Effect of Target-controlled Infusion of Propofol and Sevoflurane as Maintenance of Anesthesia to Intraoperative Hemodynamic Profile of Renal Transplant Recipient [NCT03214653]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Completed
Effect of Anesthetics on Microcirculation in Patients Undergoing Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [NCT03209193]	Phase 4	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-04	Completed
[NCT02149927]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Hernia Repair [NCT03041948]		88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-09-01	Recruiting
A Comparative Study of Sevoflurane Sedation With TCI Propofol Sedation in Dialysis Dependent End Stage Renal Failure Patients for Transposition of Brachiocephalic Fistula Repair [NCT04839536]	Phase 4	36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Minimal Flow Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Blood Gas Analysis and Hemodynamic Parameters in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies, a Randomised Controlled Trial. [NCT04813952]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-15	Completed
Effect of Early 48-hour Sevoflurane Inhalation on Gas Exchange and Inflammation in Patients Presenting With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) : a Monocentric, Prospective, Randomized Study. [NCT02166853]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Impact of Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Anesthesia With Sevoflurane on Long-term Outcomes With Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy for Primary Brain Tumors [NCT05141877]	Phase 4	706 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-18	Recruiting
Comparisons of Postoperative BIS Profile and Extubation Time After Valvular Heart Surgery: Remifentanil-based Propofol-supplemented Versus Sevoflurane-sufentanil Balanced Anesthesia Regimen [NCT02400879]		38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
Total Intravenous Versus Inhaled Anesthesia in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for High-Grade Paranasal Disease [NCT02578862]	Phase 4	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Cerebral Hemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Anesthesia and Vasopressors in Adult Surgery: A 2x2 Factorial Design Randomized Controlled Trial With Light-based Neuromonitoring (CHEM-FACT Study) [NCT05941494]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-03	Recruiting
Do Patients Anesthetized With Propofol Have Less Pain Than Those Anesthetized With Volatile? [NCT00712517]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Enrolling of participants has halted and the results are being gathered)
Study of Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Org 9426 Following a Single Intubating Dose in Adult Patients Undergoing Operation Under Sevoflurane or Propofol Anesthesia. [NCT00988520]	Phase 3	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-05-31	Completed
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on 5-year Survival in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05343260]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Active, not recruiting
Sevoflurane Versus Propofol for Intubation in Neonatal Intensive Care [NCT01006668]	Phase 3	44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Recruiting
Effect of Anesthetics on Troponin I and С-reactive Protein in Mitral, Tricuspid and Aortic Valve Replacement/Plastic in Adult: a Randomized Clinical Study [NCT05742789]	Phase 1	255 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-11-30	Completed
Comparison of Propofol and Sevoflurane as a Primary Anesthetic for Cardiac Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. [NCT02697448]		126 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-06-08	Recruiting
The Effects of Anaesthesia on Cerebral Oxygenation and Cognitive Function in Carotid Endarterectomy [NCT02771418]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Evaluate the Protective Effect of Conditioning With Sevoflurane Versus Propofol on the Myocardium in Scheduled Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery [NCT02851433]	Phase 4	82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-14	Completed
50% Effective Concentration of Sevoflurane for Immobility in Cerebral Palsy Children Undergoing Botulinum Toxin Injection [NCT03553446]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-29	Completed
The Effect of Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane on Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Minor- to Moderate-risk Noncardiac Surgery - a Prospective Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05331027]	Phase 4	190 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-01	Completed
Hemodynamic Stability During Carotid Endarterectomy Under General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients: Comparison LENOXe™ (xénon 100% v/v) Versus SEVOFLURANE [NCT00937807]	Phase 4	84 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Anesthetic Gas Leakage in Children During Tonsillectomy: a Comparison of Cuffed and Uncuffed Tracheal Tubes [NCT02725164]		31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-12	Completed
Anesthesia Induced Brain Cancer Survival (ABC Survival): A Feasibility Study [NCT04962672]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Recruiting
Recovery Profiles of Remifentanil-based vs. Sevoflurane-sufentanil Combined Regimen for Cardiac Surgery [NCT02712528]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
The Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Status in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Repair Surgery [NCT02711280]		47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Volatile Anesthetic Protection Of Renal Transplants 2 [NCT02727296]	Phase 4	488 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-04-01	Recruiting
Respiratory Impact of Short Life Agents Used in Balanced Anesthesia on Patients Suffering or Suspected of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Syndrome [NCT02717780]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Evaluation of the Development of Tolerance to Sevoflurane in Children Undergoing Repeated Anesthesia Exposure [NCT04188782]		24 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-11-20	Completed
Emergence Delirium in Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial of Different Doses of Sevoflurane During Induction of Anesthesia [NCT02707016]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
The Ratio of Hypnotic to Analgesic Potency of Sevoflurane and Desflurane : Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02698514]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-16	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of TIVA vs VIMA on Content of GSK-3beta in Leucocytes in On-pump Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02686710]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Terminated
The Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Volatile Anesthesia on Shedding of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic or Robotic Assisted Gastrectomy [NCT04183296]		136 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-28	Completed
The Comparability of Bispectral Index and Neurosense During Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Balanced Anesthesia [NCT00910416]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Differences between BIS and Neurosense are important. This study can be terminated.)
Impact of High Concentrations of Sevoflurane on Laryngeal Reflex Responses in Pediatric Patients [NCT00665418]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment finished earlier, because all 40 patients enrolled)
Retrospective Investigation of Perioperative Upper Airway Complications After Anesthesia Using Supraglottic Airway Devices in Children: Comparison of Desflurane and Sevoflurane [NCT02644226]		3,528 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-11-30	Completed
To Compare the Effects of Intraoperative Use of Intravenous Anesthetics Propofol and Inhaled Anesthetics Sevoflurane on the Prognosis of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Primary Lung Tumors and the Investigation of Its Mechanism of Action. [NCT05663242]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-27	Recruiting
Impact of Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Anesthesia With Sevoflurane on Long-term Outcomes With Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery for Primary Ovarian Cancer [NCT05606692]	Phase 4	416 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-23	Recruiting
Emergence Delirium in Children: Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol and Remifentanil Versus Inhalational Sevoflurane Anesthesia [NCT00885443]		112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
The Influence of Type of Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Multi-center Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04239794]		468 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-20	Active, not recruiting
Does Sugared or Sugar Free Chewing Gum Reduces Postoperative Ileus After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT02162134]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Systemic Inflammatory Response Evaluation With the Use of Inhaled Anesthetic Sevoflurane During CPB [NCT02672345]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2016-08-31	Completed
Incidence of Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Closed Loop Anesthesia vs Inhalational Anesthesia or TIVA [NCT02656901]		132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Phase 2/3 Clinical Study With BLM-240 in Adult Surgery Patients That Need General Anesthesia [NCT00762372]	Phase 2/Phase 3	216 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Contributions to the Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Effects by Which Certain Perianesthetic Interventions Modify Long-term Evolution of Patients With Digestive Cancers Subjected to Surgery [NCT04162535]	Phase 1	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-26	Recruiting
Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Balanced Anesthesia on Postoperative Lung Function [NCT00706277]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Comparison the Effect on Cerebral Oxygenation by Sevoflurane-remifentanil or Propofol-remifentanil Anesthesia Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy) [NCT02609087]	Phase 4	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Effect of General and Regional Anesthesia on Fracture Healing [NCT02621255]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
The Different Analgesic Potency of Sevoflurane and Desflurane at Equi-minimum Alveolar Concentration [NCT02609802]	Phase 3	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
The Effect of Sevoflurane Versus Isoflurane on Vasopressor Need [NCT00922844]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to too slow recruitment; lack of funding)
Effect of Propofol-Dexmedetomidine Total Intravenous Anaesthesia on Cerebral Oxygenation and Metabolism During Brain Tumor Resection Compared to Sevoflurane Anaesthesia [NCT02575521]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Anesthesiological Strategies in Elective Craniotomy: Randomized, Equivalence, Open Trial [NCT00741351]	Phase 3	411 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Influence of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Sevoflurane or Propofol Anesthesia on Tissue Oxygen Saturation of Thenar Muscle in Adults. [NCT02593448]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Recovery of Muscle Function After Deep Neuromuscular Block by Means of Dia-phragm Ultrasonography and Adductor Pollicis Acceleromyography: Comparison of Neostigmine vs. Sugammadex as Reversal Drugs. [NCT02698969]	Phase 4	58 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Recruiting
Effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane Anesthesia on Regulatory T Cells in Patients Undergoing Living Donor Kidney Transplantation [NCT02559297]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-10	Completed
Effectiveness of Quadratus Lumborum Block After Nephrectomy [NCT03529201]		105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-07	Completed
Assessment of the Anesthetic Effect on the Activity of Immune Cell in Patient With Colon Cancer [NCT02567942]		153 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
General Anesthetics-related Changes in Prefrontal EEG During Pediatric Surgical Anesthesia [NCT05210764]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Perioperative Multimodal General Anesthesia Focusing on Specific CNS Targets in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries [NCT04016740]	Early Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-20	Completed
The Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia and Human Consciousness (Part 6) [NCT02624401]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Neuroplasticity Induced by General Anaesthesia [NCT04125121]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-26	Completed
Evaluation of Impact of Nitrous Oxide on PONV in Breast Surgeries [NCT02736604]		250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
SedAting With Volatile Anesthetics Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in ICU: Effects On Ventilatory Parameters And Survival. Multicentre Open-label, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial and a Parallel Prospective (Non-randomized) Cohort Study [NCT04415060]	Phase 3	758 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-15	Recruiting
Dexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery on Peri-operative Outcomes and Neurocognitive Development in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02559102]	Phase 3	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Postoperative Quality of Recovery After Transurethral Resection of the Bladder: Spinal Versus General Anesthesia [NCT02534623]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Control Trial Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Ketorolac Administration in Children Undergoing Circumcision [NCT04646967]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-25	Recruiting
Comparison of Effects of Volatile and Intravenous Anesthetics on Pupillary Function During General Anesthesia in Children; a Prospective Observational Study. [NCT03987529]		22 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-08-12	Recruiting
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Cyanotic and Acyanotic Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery [NCT04254744]		197 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2020-02-04	Completed
[NCT00913276]		98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane on the Onset Characteristics and Intubating Conditions of Rocuronium Under Routine Clinical Practice [NCT02785653]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
Use of the NOL Index to Compare the Intraoperative Analgesic Effect of Propofol Versus Sevoflurane After Standardized Stimulation in Patients Under General Anesthesia. The PROSEVNOL Study [NCT04567160]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-01	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Compare the Effect of TIVA Propofol vs Sevoflurane Anaesthetic on Serumserum Biomarkers and on PBMCs in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Resection Surgery [NCT03005860]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding could not be arranged, so the study was prematurely terminated)
Sevoflurane and Cardiac Protection in High Risk Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. A Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT00821262]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Recovery Profiles of Elderly Patients [NCT01851005]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
[NCT01886664]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
[NCT01972230]		128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Study of 48-hour Sevoflurane Inhalation Using a Disposable Delivery System (AnaConDa©) in ICU Patients With Acute Kidney Injury [NCT02042599]	Phase 2	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Pharmacokinetic Study of 48-hour Sevoflurane Inhalation Using a Disposable Delivery System (AnaConDa©) in Obese ICU Patients [NCT02042612]	Phase 2	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Sevoflurane Sedation During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. [NCT00971607]	Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
Large-scale Prospective Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Pecs II Block for Breast Surgery: Effect on Postoperative Pain and Opioid Consumption [NCT02544282]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Study of Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of Bolus Maintenance Doses of Org 9426 Following a Single Intubating Dose in Adult Subjects Undergoing Operation Under Sevoflurane or Propofol Anesthesia [NCT00984633]	Phase 3	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
Does Optimized General Anesthesia Care Reduce Postoperative Delirium In Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Repair? [NCT02604459]		145 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-01	Terminated(stopped due to Limited availability of subjects meeting inclusion criteria resulting in early termination (lack of funding) before meeting target enrollment.)
Effect of Laryngeal Mask Airway on Image Quality n Pediatric Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonant Imaging: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04730362]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Comparison Between Propofol and Inhalational Anaesthetic Agents on Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery - a Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial [NCT04039854]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-20	Recruiting
Role of Volatile Anesthetics for Hepatic Protection in Ischemia-reperfusion: Postconditioning [NCT00518908]		125 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
[NCT02909413]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Not yet recruiting
[NCT00924222]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Influence of Anesthetics on Sedation and Antinociception: an Analysis of Auditory Evoked, Visceral Evoked and Heat Evoked Potentials [NCT00534586]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
Anesthetic Effects in Mitochondrial Disease [NCT01001585]		55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to However, no intervention reduced the risk of major morbidity or 1 yr mortality)
Sevoflurane Sedation: A Potentially Promising Immunomodulation in Patients With Septic Shock [NCT03643367]	Phase 2	153 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2025-01-31	Not yet recruiting
[NCT02202239]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Not yet recruiting
The Comparision of Different Doses of Sevoflurane for Induction of General Anesthesia in Electroconvulsive Therapy [NCT01905904]	Phase 4	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Single-blind Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Remimazolam in General Anesthesia in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, Including Follow-up Sedation in the PACU/ICU [NCT01937767]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Volatile Anaesthesia and Perioperative Outcomes Related to Cancer (VAPOR-C): A Feasibility Study [NCT04074460]	Phase 4	169 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-27	Completed
DECREASING THE NEED FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATION AFTER RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY SURGERY: Sedation vs General Anesthesia [NCT01955135]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
A Randomized Control Trial Evaluating the Utility of Multimodal Opioid-free Anesthesia on Return of Bowel Function in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery [NCT04144933]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-15	Recruiting
Comparison of Sevoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia on Postoperative Delirium in Geriatric Patients [NCT01995214]	Phase 4	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Recruiting
Prothrombotic Factors , Angiogenic Growth Factor and Different Anaesthetic Techniques in Cancer Patients Undergoing Prostatectomy [NCT01998685]		200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Does Anesthesia Technique Affect the Presence of Circulating Tumor Cells in Primary Breast Carcinoma? A Randomised Controlled Trial. [NCT02005770]	Phase 4	221 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
[NCT02009280]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Influence of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Maximum Muscular Strength, Speed of Contraction and Relaxation, in Humans: A Pilot Study [NCT05615025]	Phase 3	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-20	Completed
Influence of Sevoflurane Preconditioning on Tissue Oxygenation of the Tibial Anterior Muscle Measured by Near-infrared Spectroscopy After Clamping of the Femoral Artery for Vascular Surgery [NCT02038062]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Comparison Between TIVA Using Propofol or Dexmedetomidine Versus Sevoflurane During Anaesthesia of Children Undergoing Bone-Marrow Aspiration [NCT05636566]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-15	Completed
A Comparison Between Continuous and Repetitive Sevoflurane Administration for Preconditioning During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [NCT00569816]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Anesthesia With Sevoflurane and Isoflurane for Excision Surgeries in Benign Breast Tumors [NCT00575354]	Phase 4	500 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
[NCT00586118]		120 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-12-31	Completed
Effects of Sevoflurane on Extravascular Lung Water and Pulmonary Vascular Permeability in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [NCT04530188]	Phase 3	68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Neurodevelopmental Outcome After Standard Dose Sevoflurane Versus Low-dose Sevoflurane/Dexmedetomidine/Remifentanil Anaesthesia in Young Children- The TREX Trial [NCT03089905]	Phase 3	450 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-10	Active, not recruiting
Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Malatya [NCT02271555]	Phase 4	58 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Sevoflurane and Isoflurane - Cardioprotective Effects, Hemodynamic Stability and Pharmacokinetics During Cardiopulmonary Bypass With the MECC System [NCT01601795]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Long-term Outcome After Radical Lymph Node Dissection of Malignant Melanoma. Comparison Between Regional Versus General Anesthesia With Respect to Impact of Perioperative Immunoediting and Validation of New Potential Predictive Biomarkers [NCT01588847]		230 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Recruiting
The Influence of Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Water and Sodium Retention in Children [NCT02571426]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
Incidence of Postthoracotomy Pain Following General Anesthesia: A Comparison Between TIVA and Inhalation Anesthesia [NCT00935571]		400 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2007-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Impact of Variable Types of Preconditioning Upon the Inotrope Score in Adult Patients, Undergoing Cardiac Surgery [NCT02715869]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Comparison of The Effects of Sevoflurane, Desflurane and Total Intravenous Anaesthesia on Pulmonary Function Tests in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery of Pituitary Gland [NCT02709863]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Recruiting
Evaluation of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Propofol,Sevoflurane and Paracervical Block for Uterine Curettage [NCT00733564]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Atropine in Laparoscopic Gynaecological Surgery (The ALGOS Trial) A Randomised, Double Blind, Controlled Trial [NCT02769325]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Anesthetic Effect on Immune Cell in Patients With Cancer [NCT02758249]		47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Power Spectral Analysis of the Electroencephalogram During Equi-MAC Sevoflurane vs. Desflurane Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02872389]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-16	Completed
A Pilot Study of the Effects of Nebulized Epoprostenol (Flolan) and Systemic Phenylephrine on Arterial Oxygenation During One Lung Ventilation [NCT02748265]	Phase 4	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Study Evaluating Pupillometry Guided Remifentanil Administration in Pediatric Anesthesia [NCT02683837]		56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Suspended
The Effects of Anesthetic Techniques and Palonosetron Administration on the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in the Women Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy [NCT02809378]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane on CKMB Release After PCI With Drug-eluting Stents: a Randomised Trial [NCT02671084]	Phase 4	701 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Terminated(stopped due to interim analysis suggests futility)
Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Human Endothelium: Role of Glucose and Statins [NCT00995670]		59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Effect of a Bolus of 10 µg/kg of Alfentanil on the Pupillary Pain Index [NCT02646592]		14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Comparison of Effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Cerebral Oxygenation During Controlled Hypotension [NCT02834845]	Phase 4	95 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
The Comparison of Analgesic Effect of Volatile Anesthetics Using Surgical Pleth Index [NCT02830243]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-12	Completed
Impact of Different Modes of Ventilation With Laryngeal Mask Airway on Pediatric Cataract Surgery [NCT04241653]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-20	Completed
Triple Drug Response Surface Modeling for Patients Receiving Airway Managements [NCT03813875]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-06-12	Completed
Opioid-potentiated Volative Anaesthetic(Sevoflurane)Compared to Remifentanil and Propofol During Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery [NCT00538421]	Phase 4	193 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Influence of Propofol Versus Sevoflurane on Surgical Conditions During Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery [NCT04619160]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-01	Recruiting
Neuronale Mechanismen Der Sensorischen Reizverarbeitung in Der Narkose [NCT00434382]		768 participants	Interventional	2002-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine or Sevoflurane Add to Dexmedetomidine-based Sedation for Ophthalmology Procedure in Children [NCT05321160]		116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-10	Completed
Inhalational (Sevoflurane) Versus Intravenous (Propofol) Sedation in Adults With a Moderate Form of ARDS: A Multicentral Randomized Pilot Trial [NCT05259631]	Phase 3	310 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-14	Suspended(stopped due to Financial problems)
Sevoflurane-induced Prevention of Ischemia-reperfusion Lesions in Renal Allograft Transplants Recipients [NCT00337051]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Lung: One-lung Ventilation: Expression of Pulmonary Inflammatory Mediators After Deflation and Re-expansion of the Lung During Thoracic Surgery [NCT00515905]		76 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
The Effects of Sevoflurane or Ketamine on QTc Interval During Electroconvulsive Therapy [NCT01870219]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Completed
Sedation Versus General Anesthesia for Endovascular Therapy in Acute Stroke - Impact on Neurological Outcome [NCT01872884]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-14	Completed
Comparison of Volatile and IV Anesthesia on the Change of Alarmins in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Pulmonary Lobectomy [NCT02916147]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Blood Folic Acid and Homocysteine Concentrations in Children With Cochlear Implant Surgery [NCT03595163]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Enrolling by invitation
Delirium Reduction by Volatile Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery: Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded Study [NCT03729011]	Phase 4	672 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-09	Recruiting
Phase 4 Study of Desflurane and Sevoflurane That Affect Pulmonary Mechanics During Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum [NCT01486953]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Recruiting
Early Cardioprotective Effect of Sevoflurane on Left Ventricular Performance During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on a Beating Heart [NCT00477737]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Post-Operative Creatinine Changes In Patients With Pre-Existing Renal Impairment After Low-Flow Isoflurane Or Sevoflurane: A Randomised Clinical Trial [NCT00144118]	Phase 4	270 participants	Interventional	2002-01-31	Terminated
Post Operative Cognitive Recovery and Neuropsychological Complications After General Anesthesia. A Comparison Between Different Techniques of Anesthesia: A Multi-Center Observational Study [NCT00507195]		1,200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2007-05-31	Recruiting
Role of Volatile Anesthetics for Hepatic Protection in Ischemia-reperfusion [NCT00516711]		0 participants	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Effects of Sevoflurane in Subanesthetic Concentrations on the Forearm Perfusion, Leukocyte/Thrombocyte Activation, and Endothelial Function After Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Forearm of Volunteers [NCT00526695]	Phase 4	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Recruiting
Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Anesthesia With Isoflurane, Desflurane, Sevoflurane or Propofol [NCT00983918]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Prospective Randomised Controled Trial: Comparison of Volatile Anaesthetics Sevoflurane vs. Isoflurane for Low-Flow General Anaesthesia for Abdominal Surgery [NCT00521612]		82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Sevoflurane-Remifentanil Interaction: Multiple Response Surfaces, Validation of Calibration Stimuli, Validation of the Intraoperative Isobole Concept and Investigating Remifentanil Induced Opioid Tolerance [NCT00522587]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Short Term Application of Sevoflurane in Patients With Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: a Feasibility and Safety Study [NCT02946437]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Patients failed to be enrolled because of tight exclusion criteria.)
Postoperative Behavior in Children: A Comparison of Inhalation Anesthesia (Sevoflurane) Versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) [NCT02945072]	Phase 4	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-22	Recruiting
The Effect of Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane Versus Propofol on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Moderate- to High-risk Major Noncardiac Surgery - a Prospective, Observer-blinded, Randomized, Clinical Trial [NCT05990790]	Phase 4	1,332 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-03	Recruiting
Analgesic and Healing Effect of Topical Sevoflurane for Chronic Venous Ulcers [NCT05303805]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-02	Recruiting
Effect of Propofol on Cardioprotective Role of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC) [NCT02932722]		51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-22	Completed
Effect of Strategy for Blood Pressure Control on Cerebral Oxygen Balance During Aortic Coarctation Repair: a Randomized Study [NCT00535808]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Comparison of Anesthesia Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol Combined With Dexmedetomidine in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Thyroidectomy [NCT04680650]		66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-30	Active, not recruiting
Effect of Dexmedetomedine in Subtenon's Block on Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery Under Sevoflurane Anesthesia [NCT04485273]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Completed
Evaluation of Micropore's SpiraLith TM Absorbents Into Anesthesia Breathing Circuits [NCT02550470]		186 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-07-31	Completed
Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Anesthesia With Volatile Agents on Inflammatory Markers Following Elective Craniotomy for Primary Brain Tumor [NCT00555984]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI decision to terminate. No usable data collected)
Comparison of Sedation by Esketamine and Sevoflurane for Short Ophthalmological Procedure in Children [NCT05011214]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-20	Enrolling by invitation
Comparison of Median Alveolar Sevoflurane Concentration for Hypotension Between Young and Elderly Patients: Adaptive Clinical Trial [NCT03595319]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-23	Recruiting
A Comparison of Three Different Doses of Neostigmine on the Reversal of Cisatracurium-induced Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade in Patients Under Sevoflurane or TIVA Anesthesia. [NCT05037006]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-01	Not yet recruiting
Does a Sevoflurane Preconditioning Have Cardioprotective Properties in Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery? [NCT02217319]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane on the Success of External Cephalic Version for Breech Presentation [NCT04346823]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-25	Not yet recruiting
Comparison Between Inhalational Anesthetic (Sevoflurane) and Intravenous Anesthetic (Propofol Infusion) for Maintenance of Sedation During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography [NCT05996588]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-05	Completed
The Impact of Inhalation vs Total Intravenous Anesthesia on the Immune Status and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery: a Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial (TeMP - Trial). [NCT04800393]		130 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-29	Recruiting
Quality of Recovery After Electroencephalogram and Nociception Level-guided Versus Standard Anesthesia Care in Female Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05936671]		126 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-13	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Psoas Compartment Block vs Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Pain Management in Pediatric Patients With Developmental Dysplasia Sia of the Hip Joint, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05543109]		85 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-29	Enrolling by invitation
The Effect of Different Modalities of General Anesthesia and Regional Cerebral Oxygenation on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery in Prone Position [NCT05148637]		105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-01	Completed
The Feasibility of Propofol TCI in Hemodialysis Patients Undergoing Arteriovenous Shunt Surgery [NCT03311581]	Phase 1	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-11	Completed
A Comparison of Propofol-remifentanil Versus Sevoflurane-remifentanil: the Effect on Acute Postoperative Pain After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty [NCT04333992]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Volatile Anesthetic Choice and Duration of Hospitalization: A Quality Improvement and Cost-control Project [NCT01379664]		1,584 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Completed
Regional Anesthesia and Endometrial Cancer Recurrence [NCT00531349]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of study population)
Comparison of Postoperative Outcome and Cognitive Function After Sevoflurane and Propofol Anaesthesia for Cardiac Valvular Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT02931877]	Phase 4	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
COGNITIVE - Comparison of Cognitive Function After Sevoflurane or Propofol Anesthesia for Open-heart Operations [NCT00541918]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to study suspended due to staff indisposition)
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 1 Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Danavorexton in Anesthetized Adults [NCT05025397]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-28	Completed
Peri-Operative And Long-Term Cardioprotective Properties Of Sevoflurane In High Risk Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery [NCT00336401]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Inhaled Sevoflurane Compared to Intravenous Sedation Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting [NCT00484575]	Phase 1/Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Sevoflurane's Effect on Tissue Doppler Profiles of Lateral Mitral Annulus During Cardiac Surgery [NCT01511991]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Orchiopexy Repair [NCT03041935]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-01	Completed
[NCT01548859]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Active, not recruiting
[NCT01549990]		236 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-02-29	Completed
A Comparison of Desflurane vs. Sevoflurane on Time to Awakening and the Incidence and Severity of Cough After Ambulatory Surgery Using Laryngeal Mask Airway [NCT01202162]		85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
Comparison of the Consumption of Sevoflurane in Two Different Concentrations and Two Different Currents During the Initial Period of Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia With Minimal Flow [NCT04743193]		60 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-02-05	Completed
Inhalational Anesthesia and Precipitation of Dementia: is There a Link? A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Two Different Anesthetic Techniques in Elderly Patients [NCT01903421]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Active, not recruiting
[NCT02971254]	Phase 2	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Completed
Laryngeal Injuries After Anesthesia Induction With Sevoflurane and After Anesthesia Induction With Rocuronium. A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial [NCT01591031]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02660411]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Completed
Post Anesthesia Emergence and Behavioral Changes in Children Undergoing MRI: Comparative Study Using Propofol, Sevoflurane and Isoflurane [NCT02111447]	Phase 4	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Not enough participants)
Postoperative Effects of Propofol or Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Egyptian Patients [NCT05289349]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-01	Completed
AnaConDa-therapy in COVID-19 Patients [NCT05586126]		42 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-10-01	Terminated(stopped due to Concerns about possible association between drug and increased ICU mortality)
Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics on Myocardial Deformation Indices - A Dose-Response Cross-over Study [NCT03569085]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-27	Completed
Comparison of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Children Receiving Caudal Block According to Anesthetic Agents: Total Intravenous Anesthesia vs. Volatile Anesthesia [NCT04415905]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-22	Completed
Efficacy of Opioid-free Anesthesia in Reducing Postoperative Respiratory Depression in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy: a Pilot Study [NCT02987985]	Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-15	Completed
The Effect of no Muscle Relaxant Versus Reduced-dose Rocuronium on the Anesthetic Condition With Fentanyl in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy [NCT02467595]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Enrolling by invitation
Propofol Versus Sevoflurane as Sole Anesthetic Agent in Gastric By-Pass Surgery for Morbid Obesity: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT01279499]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Recruiting
Decision Support for Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure [NCT02726620]		22,435 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-05	Completed
Association Between Post Extubation Delirium and Pre-extubation End-tidal Sevoflurane Concentration in Children [NCT02489734]		109 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Detection of Consciousness by EEG and Auditory Evoked Potentials [NCT01720615]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
Sevoflurane, Laryngeal Mask Airway and Single-dose Dexmedetomidine: A Better Choice for Patients Undergoing Endovascular Coil Embolization [NCT01722409]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
A Pilot Study Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Ketorolac Administration in Children Undergoing Circumcision [NCT02973958]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Blood Levels of Sevoflurane and Desflurane During One Lung Ventilation [NCT03015350]		16 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-12-31	Completed
A Comparison of the Effect on Temperature Between Patients Induced With Intravenous Propofol vs Inhalation Induction With Sevoflurane [NCT02331108]		331 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
A Comparison of Myocardial Protection Using Preconditioning With Sevoflurane Against High Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for CABG Surgery [NCT00244283]	Phase 4	150 participants	Interventional	2006-01-31	Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Remifentanil, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Desflurane on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Humans [NCT00244517]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Part II was not performed as we could not include enough patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria.)
Clinical Trials of Vasopressin for Prevention of Hypotension During Shoulder Surgery in Beach Chair Position Under General Anesthesia [NCT01687894]		74 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-05-31	Completed
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Are Similar When Propofol or Sevoflurane Are Used as Adjuvant to Remifentanil During Anaesthesia for Gynaecological Surgery [NCT00452855]		160 participants	Interventional	2002-01-31	Completed
Interest of Using the Sevoflurane in the Prevention of Newborns Pain [NCT00420693]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial of Inhaled Sedation With Sevoflurane in Critically Ill Patients at Risk of Developing the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [NCT05849779]	Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-24	Recruiting
The Effect of Propofol-based Anaesthesia Versus Low Dose Propofol With Less Than Half MAC Sevoflurane on Intraoperative Trans-cranial Motor Evoked Potential During Spine Surgeries: Ratios Rather Than Values. [NCT04997707]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-06	Completed
[NCT01634594]	Phase 4	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Minimal Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane Inducing Isoelectric Electroencephalogram [NCT01662622]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Comparison Between Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block vs Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block in Lumbar Spine Surgeries;Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05596227]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-20	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Extubation Criteria in Children Less 10 Years of Age and Younger Undergoing Intravenous Anesthesia [NCT05837936]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-03-28	Recruiting
Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Caudal Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Supplementation of Caudal Analgesia in Children [NCT01701778]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane With 60% Nitrous Oxide Inducing Isoelectric EEG in Mid-aged Adults [NCT01705743]	Phase 4	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
The Effect of Sevoflurane or Propofol on Brain Injury and Neurocognitive in Pediatric Living Related Liver Transplantation [NCT03024840]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Enrolling by invitation
Is There an Adverse Drug Reaction Between Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade and Inhaled Anesthetics? - A Pilot Study. Optional Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid Donation for the Study of Hypertension. [NCT01715584]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Recruiting
Analysis of Cisatracurium Consumption in Balanced Anesthesia With 1% Sevoflurane, and With Only Sevoflurane, Using a Closed-loop Computer Controlled System Infusion. [NCT01736371]		156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Impact of Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients [NCT06176144]		890 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-10	Recruiting
Sevoflurane pharmacokInetics During Inhaled Sedation Relies on the Morphotype of ARDS in ICU Patients [NCT04023305]		37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-23	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment difficulties)
The Safety and Feasibility of Administering Xenon to Patients Undergoing Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Pilot Study [NCT01757106]	Phase 2	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Sevoflurane Alone and Propofol With or Without Remifentanil in Electroconvulsive Therapy [NCT01759589]	Phase 4	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
A Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficiency, Hemodynamic Effects and Patient Comfort of Two Different Preparations of Sevoflurane After Vital Capacity Rapid Inhalation Induction [NCT01792063]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Study of the Safety of Administration of Sevoflurane for Long-term Critically Ill Patients Sedation Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation. Prospective, Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter, Clinical Trial. [NCT01802255]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of recruitment in the Centres)
A Prospective, Randomized, Open-label Multicenter Study Comparing the Pharmaceutical Economics and Effectiveness of Sevoflurane With Low Fresh Gas Flow Balanced Anesthesia, Propofol Target Controlled Infusion Anesthesia and Propofol Induction Sevoflurane [NCT01191476]	Phase 4	336 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
Recovery Following Desflurane vs Sevoflurane for Outpatient Urologic Surgery in Elderly Females [NCT01310582]	Phase 4	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
The Difference in Cerebral Oxygenation Between Propofol and Sevoflurane [NCT01757561]		144 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-12-31	Completed
Recovery Profiles and Costs in Sevoflurane and Propofol Based Anaesthesia [NCT02920749]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Analgesic Effect of Single Dose Intravenous Acetaminophen in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy [NCT01691690]	Phase 2	250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
The Effects of Propofol vs. Sevoflurane Administered During Anesthesia Maintenance on Early and Late Recovery After Gynecological Surgery [NCT01755234]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
[NCT01878656]	Phase 4	144 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Effects of Alcohol History on Effects of Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide [NCT00000261]	Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-11-30	Completed
Postoperative Pain After Propofol Sevoflurane Anaesthesia: a Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded Trial [NCT01437462]	Phase 4	168 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
[NCT01443572]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
Opioid-sparing Versus Sevoflurane-based Anesthesia on Early Postoperative Hypoventilation in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: Prospective Randomized Study [NCT05962671]	Phase 4	72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-10	Not yet recruiting
Anaesthesiology Management and the Impact on Emergenece Delirium Incidence in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Adenoidectomy or Adenoidectomy With Frenulum Dicsision a/or Microotoscopy: Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04291820]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Electroencephalogram Studies of Induction and Recovery From Sevoflurane-Induced General Anesthesia [NCT03503578]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-01	Completed
Cardiovascular Safety of Xenon in General Anaesthesia, in Patient With Cardiovascular Risk in Non Cardiac Surgery: A Phase III Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study [NCT01120405]	Phase 3	600 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
[NCT02341833]	Phase 4	240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Randomized,Double-Blind Trial A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter During Steep Trendelenburg Position and Pneumoperitoneum for Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery [NCT03498235]	Early Phase 1	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Enrolling by invitation
Effects of Combined Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide Inhalation [NCT00000262]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1996-11-30	Completed
Advancing Brain Outcomes in Pediatric Critically Ill Patients Sedated With Volatile AnEsthestic Agents: A Pilot Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05867472]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-10	Recruiting
[NCT01899248]		52 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-12-31	Completed
Comparison of the Effect of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Patient State Index: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03587779]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-24	Completed
Acute Postoperative Pain Control After Robotic Arm Assisted Total Knee Replacement: a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Three Anaesthetic Techniques [NCT04002271]	Phase 4	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-22	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Arm Trial Comparing Desflurane to Sevoflurane for the Effect on Recovery Time in Patients Undergoing Urological Cystoscope Surgery Under General Anesthesia With a Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) [NCT01219881]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Effects of Intravenous Anesthetics vs Inhaled Anesthetics on Early Postoperative Sleep Quality and Complications of Patients After Laparoscopic Surgery Under General Anesthesia [NCT04123249]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-20	Completed
Effects of Mode of Anaesthesia on Circulating Tumour Cells in Patients Undergoing Inhalational Versus Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surgery : A Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT04601961]		220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-04	Recruiting
Association Between Anesthetic Drugs for General Anesthesia and Postoperative Intelligence/Behavioral Assessment Results in Children [NCT04364945]		400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-17	Active, not recruiting
Laryngeal Injuries After Anesthesia Induction With Three Different Sevoflurane Concentrations (Without Muscle Relaxant) [NCT01896245]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Comparison Of Different Anesthetic Techniques In Children Undergoing Esophagogastroduodenoscopies [NCT02038894]		179 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia by Targeted Controlled Infusion on Surgical Stress Response Compared to Inhalational Anesthesia [NCT06024733]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-07	Recruiting
Optimization of Desflurane in Elderly Patients Compared With Sevoflurane: A Pilot Study [NCT01700907]	Phase 1/Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Electroencephalogram Studies of Intravenous Methylphenidate-Induced Emergence From General Anesthesia [NCT02429076]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to We are not going to complete this study with healthy volunteers at this time.)
Effect of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort [NCT02252445]		82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
Effects of Nonintubated Versus Intubated General Anesthesia on Recovery After Thoracoscopic Lung Resection: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02393664]	Phase 2/Phase 3	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Recruiting
Comparison of Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity According to Different Anesthetics During Transurethral Procedures [NCT03763305]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Devices for measuring SKNA are need to be re-constructed, which takes considerable time.)
The Influence of Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients With Sevoflurane Postconditioning on Carotid Intima Stripped [NCT04950205]	Early Phase 1	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on the Quality of Recovery After Ambulatory Surgery for Anal Fistula in Obese Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT05529875]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-10-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to In the early stage of the research, this research was limited by the application permission of research drugs and instruments, and the research will have to be interrupted, which is extremely regrettable.)
Influence of Anesthetics on Clinical Outcome in Mitral and Aortic Valve Replacement in Adults: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05696509]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-03	Completed
Comparison of the Effect of Remimazolam With Sevoflurane on Postanesthetic Shivering in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery Under General Anesthesia-prospective Observational Study. [NCT05523037]		74 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-01-02	Completed
Effects of Different Inhalational Anesthetic Agents on the Incidence of Clinical and Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Resection Surgery: a Pilot Study [NCT02174575]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to I retired my post before enrollment)
[NCT01575626]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Laryngeal Injuries After Removal of the Tracheal Tube: A Comparison Between Anesthesia With Sevoflurane and Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial [NCT01616966]		65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Local Anesthesia and Induced Hypotensive Anesthesia on Quality of External Dacryocystorhinostomy Operation Under General Anesthesia [NCT05241054]		64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-31	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Different Anesthesia Techniques on Cerebral Oxygenation in Thoracic Surgery [NCT04760262]		30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-03-01	Completed
The Protective Effects of Sevoflurane Application During CPB on Pediatric Patients Underwent Cardiac Surgery: a Randomized, Controlled, Blinded Clinical Trial [NCT01450956]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Recruiting
Comparison of the Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Inhalation Anesthesia on Lymphocytes in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Resection and the Mechanism Involved: a Single-center, Randomized, Prospective Study [NCT03193710]		260 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-09-01	Recruiting
Optimierung Der Kardioprotektion Durch Inhalative Anästhetika Eine Untersuchung Bei Patienten Mit Diabetes Mellitus während Off-pump Herzchirurgie [NCT02407626]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Very low patient recruitment, changed insurance requirements)
Sevoflurane vs Nitrous Oxide Inhalation at Subanesthetic Concentrations [NCT00000259]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1996-08-31	Completed
Inducibility and Stability of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Structural Heart Disease Undergoing VT Ablation Under General Anesthesia (Pilot Study) [NCT02419547]		11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Impact of Deep Neuromuscular Block Versus Inhalation and Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) on Laparoscopic Surgical Workspace Defined as Insufflated Pneumoperitoneum Volume. [NCT01930747]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Effect of Sevoflurane-induced Postconditioning on the Incidence of Postoperative Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Revascularization Surgery in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease [NCT02510586]		152 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Quadratus Lumborum Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Caudal Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Pediatric Inguinal Hernia : Double-Blinded Randomized Trial [NCT05442905]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-01	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Preoperative Ketamine on the Emergence Characteristics After Desflurane or Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Entropion Surgery [NCT02916407]		56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Spinal Versus General Anesthesia With Popliteal and Adductor Canal Blocks for Ambulatory Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT02996591]	Phase 4	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Namsos Anaesthesia Children Outcome Study (NACOS) [NCT04292457]		640 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-04	Recruiting
Real-time Decision Support for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Prophylaxis [NCT02625181]		27,034 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Role of Propofol Postconditioning on Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery. [NCT02691416]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Comparison of Quality of Recovery (QoR)-15 Scores According to the Use of Anesthetics During General Anesthesia in the Cervical Spine Surgery Patients: Sevoflurane vs. Remimazolam [NCT05019222]		72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-26	Completed
Effect of Propfol Versus Sevoflurane on Auditory and Cognitive Function: A Compartive Study [NCT04874545]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Completed
An Observer-blinded Randomized Study of Propofol Infusion vs Bolus Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Sedation for Pediatric Magnetic Resonance Imaging [NCT03513757]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-04	Completed
A Comparative Study Between Inhalational Sevoflurane Sedation With Intravenous Midazolam Sedation for Upper Endoscopy Procedure. [NCT04410211]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-01	Completed
The Appropriate Compatibility of Propofol and Sevoflurane for Orthopaedic Surgery of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment [NCT03165396]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-10	Recruiting
Different Effects of Sevoflurane, Propofol and Combine of Sevoflurane and Propofol Maintained Anesthesia on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes During Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery [NCT01461551]		105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
The Effects of Sevoflurane, Propofol, and Carbon Dioxide 'Reversal' on Upper Airway Collapsibility in Healthy, Adult Subjects [NCT01557920]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
The Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Volatile Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia on Perioperative Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels in Patients Undergoing Lung Lobectomy [NCT03094533]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-03	Completed
Dyphenhidramine Effect on Prevention of Sevoflurane Induced Post Anesthesia Agitation in Pediatric [NCT02463929]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Comparison of Sevoflurane and Propofol for Botulinum Toxin Injection in Cerebral Palsy Children: A Prospective, Randomized Trial [NCT05505123]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-08-26	Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled)
The Effect of Total Intravenous Anaesthesia With Propofol on Postoperative Pain After Third Molar Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03058341]	Phase 4	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-23	Completed
Comparison of Propofol Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Sevoflurane Recovery Time in Vitrectomy Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04865991]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Completed
Nasal Inhalation of Sevoflurane Versus Midazolm,Ketamine and Propofol For Pediatric Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy [NCT05474937]		74 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
The Effects of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Propofol on the Hemodynamic, Body Energy Expenditure During Cardiac Surgery in Adults: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05695287]	Phase 1	89 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-22	Completed
The Effect of Scalp Nerve Block on the Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Nevus Surgery During Sevoflurane Anesthesia [NCT02428283]	Phase 4	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Influence of Remifentanil on Postoperative Sore Throat in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia [NCT03173339]		92 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Completed
Endotracheal Intubation With Sevoflurane in Surgical Pediatric Patients: Incremental Versus High Concentration Inhalation Induction [NCT02429323]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
The Effect of Sevoflurane-dexmedetomidine and Sevoflurane-remifentanil on Biochemical Markers During Open Heart Surgery [NCT02405689]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Automated Control of End-tidal Volatile Anesthetic Concentration Using the MIRUS System: A Comparison of Isoflurane, Sevoflurane and Desflurane in Anesthesia. [NCT02342509]		63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Comparison of Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Sevoflurane-based Balanced Anesthesia on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients for Major Elective Intra-abdominal Surgery [NCT01809041]	Phase 4	684 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Anesthesia Depth Increases the Degree of Postoperative Dementia, Delirium, and Cognitive Dysfunction by a Higher Load of Neurotrophic Drugs [NCT02382445]		138 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
The Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Heart Rate Variability and Postoperative Nausea Vomiting [NCT04514211]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-10-17	Completed
Effects of Multimodal General Anesthesia for Older Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Fusion Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05247177]		160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-28	Recruiting
Researching the Affect of Sevoflurane Application for Maintenance of Anesthesia During Aortic Cross-clamping in Cardiac Surgery on Delirium [NCT05365165]		2 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-03-15	Recruiting
Hypnotic Depth Reduces Lymphocyte Proliferation to Natural Killer Cells, B-cells, Memory T-cells, Depresses Intracellular Oxidative Burst and Changes Protein Expression Pattern of Monocytes [NCT02794896]		16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
Nitrous Oxide and Inhalational Agent Pharmacokinetics During Anaesthetic Induction and Emergence [NCT01092923]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
Comparison of Intraoperative Bleeding During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Between Patients Receiving Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol and Patients Receiving an Inhalational Anesthetic With Sevoflurane [NCT01014728]		33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Sevoflurane as an Anesthetic During Dilation and Evacuation Procedures: Does it Increase Blood Loss and Interventions for Blood Loss and Why Do Anesthesiologists Choose to Use It? [NCT01048658]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Neurobiological, Cognitive-affective and Behavioral Changes Following Exposure to Either Sevoflurane- or Propofol-based Anesthesia in Children Undergoing MRI [NCT03022240]	Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
NIRS-Based Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring in Elderly Thoracic Surgical Patients Undergoing Single Lung Ventilation Procedures: A Single Center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Assessing the Clinical Impact of NIRS-Guided Intervention [NCT01866657]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Funding)
Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Postoperative Liver Functions in Pediatric Cancer Patients With Elevated Liver Enzymes [NCT04775212]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-17	Enrolling by invitation
The Relationship of Sevoflurane Consumption With Metabolic Age [NCT06018597]		79 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-09-09	Completed
VIVA: Volatile or IV Anesthesia for Cancer [NCT06017141]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-22	Recruiting
Total IntraVenous AnesthesIa and ReCurrence-free Survival AfTer EsOphageal CanceR SurgerY [NCT04513808]	Phase 3	1,614 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-15	Recruiting
Infrared Pupillometry - Effects of Different Types of General Anesthesia on Postoperative Pupillary Reactivity [NCT04307238]		108 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-09	Recruiting
A Multi -Center, Randomized, Parallel Group, Safety Assessor Blinded Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of 4.0 mg.Kg-1 Sugammadex , Administered at T1 3-10% After Continuous Infusion of Rocuronium, and Pharmacokinetics of Rocuronium, Between Subjects Rec [NCT00559468]	Phase 3	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-07	Completed
To Compare the Effects of Intraoperative Use of Intravenous Anesthetics Propofol and Inhaled Anesthetics Sevoflurane on the Prognosis of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Primary Brain, Liver, Lung, and Ovarian Cancer Tumors and the Investigation of Its Mec [NCT05926336]	Phase 4	1,316 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-23	Recruiting
Addition of Nitrous Oxide to a Sevoflurane or Propofol Based Anesthetic and Its Effects on Depth of Anesthesia Indices (N20) [NCT00717574]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
The Ratio of Hypnotic to Analgesic Potency of Volatile Anesthetics [NCT03588429]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Suspended(stopped due to Researchers go abroad to study)
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: An Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02662257]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Completed
Evaluation of Total (Pre and Post) Conditioning on Rhabdomyolysis of Sedation With Sevoflurane Versus Propofol in Vascular Surgery With Clamping [NCT03215446]	Phase 4	164 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-13	Completed
To Compare Effect of Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane on the Return of Protective Airway Reflexes in the Elderly Population [NCT01833676]	Phase 4	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Regional Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery [NCT03830086]		28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-07	Completed
Sevoflurane Sedation in COVID-19 ARDS Patients to Reduce Lung Injury: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04355962]	Phase 3	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-23	Completed
Sedation With Sevoflurane Versus Propofol in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID19 Infection [NCT04359862]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-16	Terminated(stopped due to Low recruitment ratio)
Ultrasonographic Thyrohyoid Distance Measurement for Prediction of Difficult Intubation and Ultrasonographic Prediction of Pediatric Endotracheal Tube Size [NCT03013036]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Recruiting
A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Trial of the Efficacy of a Bilateral Lumbar Erector Spinae Block on the 24h Morphine Consumption After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery. [NCT03825198]	Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Remifentanil Requirement Using Analgesia Nociception Index-guided Anesthesia [NCT06123624]		78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-27	Not yet recruiting
Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability at BIS 25 and BIS 55 Under Propofol or Sevoflurane [NCT03098875]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Evaluating the Effect of Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane With Recent Biomarkers of Renal and Hepatic Function in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Prospective Randomized Double Blinded Study [NCT05027191]		70 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-02-15	Completed
General Anesthesia for Endovascular Thrombectomy; A Pilot Study. [NCT02639806]		34 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-01-31	Completed
A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial of the Effects in Oxygenation and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Sevoflurane in Patient's Whit ARDS Secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) [NCT04998253]	Early Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-01	Completed
Anaesthetic Depth and Short Term Delirium Post Cardiac Surgery Intervention [NCT05877326]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Subanesthetic Sevoflurane for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Proof-of-Concept Trial [NCT05008939]		15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Anesthetic Choice (Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane) on Speed and Sustained Nature of Airway Reflex Recovery in the Context of Antagonized Neuromuscular Block [NCT01199237]	Phase 4	107 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Xenon Anaesthesia Compared to Sevoflurane Anaesthesia and Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for On-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Randomised, Three-arm, Single-blind, International Study [NCT01294163]	Phase 3	509 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
Preliminary Study to Assess the Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol/Remifentanyl Compared to Sevoflurane/Remifentanyl for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Novel Approach. [NCT01214057]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to the study was terminated for patient recruitment difficulty and interim power analysis)
The Effect of Desflurane vs Sevoflurane on Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Control Study [NCT03006250]	Phase 4	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Implication of Serum Fluoride Level Caused by Sevoflurane Versus Isoflurane Anesthesia Upon Renal Function After Kidney Transplantation. [NCT03373266]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
Popliteal Block for Postoperative Pain in Knee-ankle Soft Tissue Surgery in Cerebral Palsy [NCT02507700]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Sevoflurane for Sedation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT04235608]	Phase 3	700 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-03	Recruiting
Esmolol Reduces Anesthetic Requirements Thereby Facilitating Early Extubation; a Prospective Controlled Study in Patients Undergoing Intracranial Surgery [NCT02455440]	Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Comparison of Inhalational Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Surgical Field Quality and Post-operative Recovery in Endoscopic Tympanoplasty [NCT05993039]	Early Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Recruiting
Cerebral Hemodynamics- ICHOR II [NCT04435834]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-09	Recruiting
1-1-8 Wash-in for Sevoflurane Low Flow Anesthesia [NCT03510013]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-01	Completed
Evaluation the Effects of Anaesthetic Agents on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress During Cancer Surgery [NCT03561831]		53 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-05	Completed
Global Warming Impact and Clinical Effects of a Novel 'streamed-in' Nitrous Oxide Administration as a Carrier Gas During Sevoflurane General Anaesthesia: a Randomized Pilot Study [NCT05430750]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-29	Completed
The Influence of Epigenetic Modification in OPRM1 on Postoperative Analgesia and Side Effect Induced by μ-opioid Receptor Agonists [NCT03135795]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-06	Recruiting
Effect of Spinal or Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Neutrophil Activation After Tourniquet Induced Ischemia-reperfusion in Knee Surgery [NCT03470363]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-01	Completed
Effects on Bleeding in Knee Arthroplasty After Ischemic Preconditioning With Sevoflurane [NCT03379103]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-02	Completed
Evaluation of Sevoflurane in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation in Intensive Care Unit: A Comparative Prospective Study [NCT03460015]		16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Terminated(stopped due to Study halted prematurely and will not resume; participants are no longer being examined or receiving intervention The study was terminated prematurely due to inclusion difficulties)
Effects of Intraoperative Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) With Propofol Versus Inhalational Anaesthesia on Postoperative Pain After Hepatectomy: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03597997]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-27	Completed
Comparative Study Between TIVA Vs Inhalational Modes of Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT03807297]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-10	Completed
Anesthetic Techniques and the Effect on Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures [NCT02664922]	Phase 4	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Poor study design and too many study groups.)
Ulku Ozgul, Associate Professor, Inonu University, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation [NCT02500225]	Phase 4	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Comparisons of Myocardial Injury After Using Different Anesthetics Regimens for Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Remifentanil-based Versus Sevoflurane-sufentanil Balanced Regimen [NCT02499445]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
[NCT02471209]		25 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-01-31	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial Examining Effect Of Endotracheal Tube Intubation On Dysphagia In Children Presenting For Upper GI Endoscopy [NCT02460055]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to no subject met enrollment criteria)
Benefits of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Compared With Inhaled Anesthesia in Cardiovascular Surgery [NCT03233815]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-11-13	Active, not recruiting
Optimal Sevoflurane Concentration for Intubation Without Using Muscle Relaxants in Combination of Different Clinical Bolus Doses of Remifentanil [NCT02440204]		68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Contribution Of Anesthesia Technique For Post-operative Mortality Reduction After Proximal Femur Fractures Surgical Treatment - A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02406300]		57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Terminated(stopped due to Organizational changes made recruitment no longer possible)
A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Versus Paravertebral Regional Blockade in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colectomy [NCT02164929]		17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment)
A Randomized, Open-label Study to Compare Propofol Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Terms of Overall Survival in Patients With Surgical Intervention for Either Breast-, Colon- or Rectal Cancer [NCT01975064]	Phase 4	5,774 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00559468 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Time From Start of Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of the T4/T1 Ratio to 0.8
NCT00559468 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Time From Start Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of Fourth Twitch/First Twitch (T4/T1) Ratio to 0.9
NCT00559468 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Time From Start of Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of the T4/T1 Ratio to 0.7
NCT00717574 (1) [back to overview]	The Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Bispectral Index (BIS) and State Entropy Index (SE)
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication Due to Rise in Blood Pressure or Heart Rate
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Range of End-Tidal Anesthetic Percent Concentrations During Anesthetic Maintenance
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Range of Inspired Anesthetic Concentrations Below End-Tidal Anesthetic Percent Concentrations During Anesthetic Maintenance
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	End-Tidal Anesthetic Percent Concentrations Successfully Maintained Anesthesia
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Not Receiving Rescue Treatment Whose Blood Pressure/Heart Rate Maintained Above/Below 70%
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Receiving Rescue Treatment Whose Blood Pressure/Heart Rate Maintained Above/Below 70%
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Body Movement During Anesthetic Maintenance
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Treatment During Anesthetic Maintenance
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Recall/Memory Issues During Anesthetic Maintenance
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Overall Assessment of Efficacy
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Time to Reaching an Aldrete Score >=8 (Min)
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication Due to Arrhythmia
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication Due to Drop in Blood Pressure or Heart Rate
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Time to Awakening
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Time to Clear Consciousness
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Time to Extubation
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Time to Stating Birth Date
NCT00762372 (18) [back to overview]	Changes in Bispectral Index (BIS) Over Time During Anethetic Maintenance
NCT00983918 (1) [back to overview]	Pain Measured on Verbal Scale of 0-10
NCT00995670 (1) [back to overview]	Forearm Blood Flow
NCT01000337 (1) [back to overview]	Changes in the M30 and M65 Markers Related to the Anesthesia Type
NCT01014728 (3) [back to overview]	Surgeon's Numeric Rating Scale (SNRS)
NCT01014728 (3) [back to overview]	Anesthesiologist Numeric Rating Scale (ANRS)
NCT01014728 (3) [back to overview]	Estimated Blood Loss
NCT01048658 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing Side Effects (Nausea, Dizziness)
NCT01048658 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Needing Intervention to Treat Blood Loss (a Composite of Use of Uterotonics, Re-aspiration, and Bimanual Massage)
NCT01048658 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 300 mL (Yes/no)
NCT01048658 (5) [back to overview]	Procedure Time: T-test (Time of Speculum Placement to Time Speculum Removed)
NCT01048658 (5) [back to overview]	Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Anesthesia
NCT01092923 (3) [back to overview]	PA t/PA0 Sevo (End Tidal Partial Pressure of Sevoflurane), t=Time (Minutes)
NCT01092923 (3) [back to overview]	Pa t/Pa0 Sevo (Arterial Partial Pressure of Sevoflurane), t=Time(Minutes)
NCT01092923 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Eye Opening
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Myocardial Infarction (MI)
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Myocardial Necrosis (MN)
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Life-Threatening Arrhythmia
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Died From Cardiac Origin
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Cardiac Troponin I or T Above the 99th Percentile (Local Laboratories)
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Cerebro-Vascular Event
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Composite Endpoint
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Vital Signs (SBP and DBP Changes)
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Vital Signs (Heart Rate Changes)
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Chest Pain During the 3 Postoperative Days
NCT01120405 (12) [back to overview]	Urine Output
NCT01191476 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Orientation
NCT01191476 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Loss of Consciousness
NCT01191476 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Eye Opening
NCT01191476 (5) [back to overview]	Cost of Volatile Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia (VIMA) With Sevoflurane, Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) With Propofol, or Intravenous Induction With Propofol and Inhalational Maintenance With Sevoflurane
NCT01191476 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Extubation
NCT01199237 (5) [back to overview]	Nausea and Vomiting
NCT01199237 (5) [back to overview]	Time From Potent Inhaled Anesthetic Discontinuation to First Response to Command (T1)
NCT01199237 (5) [back to overview]	Nausea and Vomiting
NCT01199237 (5) [back to overview]	Recovery of Ability to Swallow After Neostigmine/Glycopyrrolate Antagonism of Rocuronium Paralysis.
NCT01199237 (5) [back to overview]	Time From Anesthetic Discontinuation to First Ability to Swallow
NCT01202162 (3) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery 40
NCT01202162 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Awakening
NCT01202162 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Coughed
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery as Indicated by Recovery Time in the PACU
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery as Indicated by Pain Rating Using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants for Whom Surgical Field Visualization Was Deemed Severely Compromised
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Nasal Blood Flow to the Sinonasal Mucosa as Assessed by the Rhinolux System
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Nasal Blood Flow to the Sinonasal Mucosa as Assessed by the Rhinolux System
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Duration of Surgery
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery as Indicated by Number of Participants With Nausea
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery as Indicated by Number of Participants Who Received an Analgesic Post-operatively
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Platelet Function as Assessed by Thromboelastography (TEG) Platelet Mapping (PM)
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Platelet Function as Assessed by Thromboelastography (TEG) Platelet Mapping (PM)
NCT01214057 (11) [back to overview]	Volume of Blood Loss
NCT01219881 (4) [back to overview]	Difference in Time to Orientation
NCT01219881 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Coughing at Extubation, Approximately 10 Minutes After End of Surgery
NCT01219881 (4) [back to overview]	Recovery Time
NCT01219881 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Extubation
NCT01294163 (2) [back to overview]	Log-transformed Blood Level of Troponin I
NCT01294163 (2) [back to overview]	Blood Level of Troponin I
NCT01310582 (2) [back to overview]	Time to Opening of Eyes
NCT01310582 (2) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge From PACU
NCT01379664 (3) [back to overview]	Total Intraoperative Opioid Consumption
NCT01379664 (3) [back to overview]	Time-weighted Average Verbal Rating Pain Score
NCT01379664 (3) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT01461551 (1) [back to overview]	Lymphocyte Count
NCT01557920 (6) [back to overview]	Upper Airway Closing Pressure
NCT01557920 (6) [back to overview]	Minute Ventilation (Tidal Volume and Respiratory Rate)
NCT01557920 (6) [back to overview]	Genioglossus Muscle Electromyogram
NCT01557920 (6) [back to overview]	Frequency of Spontaneous Swallows During Anesthesia vs Wakefulness
NCT01557920 (6) [back to overview]	Duty Cycle
NCT01557920 (6) [back to overview]	Proportion of Pathological Swallows
NCT01691690 (3) [back to overview]	FLACC Pain Score Greater Than or Equal to 4
NCT01691690 (3) [back to overview]	Analgesics Administered After Arrival to Inpatient Ward and Number of Participants Requiring Each
NCT01691690 (3) [back to overview]	Time of First Opioid Analgesia in PACU
NCT01700907 (5) [back to overview]	The Time From the End of Anesthesia to Following Commands
NCT01700907 (5) [back to overview]	The Time From the End of Anesthesia to Eye Opening
NCT01700907 (5) [back to overview]	The Time From the End of Anesthesia to Extubation
NCT01700907 (5) [back to overview]	The Incidence of Postoperative Delirium
NCT01700907 (5) [back to overview]	Cognitive Function
NCT01755234 (4) [back to overview]	Pain in Post Anesthesia Care Unit
NCT01755234 (4) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery Score 24 Hours Post Operative
NCT01755234 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Use Discharge From Post Anesthesia Care Unit to 24 Hours After PACU Discharge.
NCT01755234 (4) [back to overview]	Mg of Morphine Equivalents (IV)
NCT01757561 (2) [back to overview]	the Incidence of Intraoperative Desaturation Between Propofol and Sevoflurane General Anesthesia
NCT01757561 (2) [back to overview]	the Incidence of Postoperative Cognitive Disfunction(POCD)Between Propofol and Sevoflurane General Anesthesia
NCT01878656 (1) [back to overview]	The Incidence of Emergence Agitation Using Four-point Categorical Scale
NCT01930747 (3) [back to overview]	Effect of Anesthetics on the Abdominal Elastance (E) Measured During Insufflation of the Abdomen by
NCT01930747 (3) [back to overview]	Effect of Anesthetics on the Pressure at Zero Volume (PV0) Measured During Insufflation of the Abdomen
NCT01930747 (3) [back to overview]	Adverse Events Difference Between the Three Groups
NCT02038894 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Respiratory Complications
NCT02038894 (2) [back to overview]	Peri-operative Times Between Three Different Anesthetic Techniques
NCT02111447 (2) [back to overview]	Incidence of Delirium on Emergence
NCT02111447 (2) [back to overview]	Incidence of Airway Complications
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Scores
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Consumption
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Time to First Bowel Movement
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Time to First Ingestion of Solid Food
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Epidural-related Side Effects
NCT02164929 (8) [back to overview]	Opioid Related Side Effects
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Dizziness
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Blurred Vision
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Hemodynamic Parameters
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesics
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Vomiting
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Nausea
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Flushing
NCT02252445 (10) [back to overview]	Dry Mouth
NCT02331108 (3) [back to overview]	Measurement of Blood Pressure
NCT02331108 (3) [back to overview]	Temperature Below 36.0 Degrees C
NCT02331108 (3) [back to overview]	Measurement of Core Temperature
NCT02419547 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Had Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia Under General Anesthesia.
NCT02440204 (2) [back to overview]	EC50 for Successful Intubation in Each Groups
NCT02440204 (2) [back to overview]	EC95 for Successful Intubation
NCT02489734 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Emergence Delirium (ED)
NCT02550470 (1) [back to overview]	Duration of Use Under Clinical Anesthesia of Each Absorbent
NCT02578862 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Treated With Post-operative Anti-emetics
NCT02578862 (6) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Blood Loss
NCT02578862 (6) [back to overview]	Sinus-related Quality of Life
NCT02578862 (6) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Visual Field Assessment
NCT02578862 (6) [back to overview]	Surgical Time
NCT02578862 (6) [back to overview]	Post-anesthesia Care Unit Recovery Time
NCT02604459 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Experienced Postoperative Complications
NCT02604459 (3) [back to overview]	Severity of Postoperative Delirium
NCT02604459 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Presented With Postoperative Delirium
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	Adherence to PONV Guidelines
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02664922 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Anesthetic Drugs in Terms of Patient Comfort.
NCT02664922 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Anesthetic Drugs in Terms of Pain Relief.
NCT02664922 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Anesthetic Drugs in Terms of Number of Participants With Clinical Success.
NCT02664922 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Anesthetic Drugs in Terms of Proceduralist Satisfaction.
NCT02664922 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Anesthetic Drugs in Terms of Patient Satisfaction.
NCT02664922 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Anesthetic Drugs in Terms of Number of Participants With Adverse Events.
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Evidences of Clinically Definite Oxidative Stress: Nuclear Buds
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Evidences of Clinically Definite Oxidative Stress:Micronuclei
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Evidences of Clinically Definite Oxidative Stress Confirmed by ELISA
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Evidences of Clinically Definite Oxidative Stress: Nucleoplasmic Bridges
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Evidences of Clinically Definite Oxidative Stress Confirmed by ELISA Kit
NCT02691416 (8) [back to overview]	Evidences of Clinically Definite Oxidative Stress Confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 75 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 70 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Phenylephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Norepinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Glycopyrrolate
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Epinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Ephedrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	30-day Mortality
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Phenylephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Glycopyrrolate
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Ephinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Ephedrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge Readiness at the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Postoperative Rise in Creatinine Levels
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Norepinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Administration of Intravenous Fluids
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 60 mmHg for > 20 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 60 mmHg for > 10 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 55 mmHg for > 20 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 55 mmHg for > 10 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 50 mmHg for > 20 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 50 mmHg for > 10 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	In-hospital Mortality
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Estimated Intraoperative Blood Loss
NCT02916407 (2) [back to overview]	Extubation Time
NCT02916407 (2) [back to overview]	Degree of Postoperative Agitation
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Concentration of TNF Alpha (pg/mL)
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	BAL Concentration of MCP1 (pg/mL)
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	BAL Concentration of sRAGE (pg/mL)
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	BAL Concentration of IL8 (pg/mL)
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	BAL Concentration of IL6 (pg/mL)
NCT02918877 (7) [back to overview]	BAL Concentration of IL1b (pg/mL)
NCT02920749 (2) [back to overview]	Drug Consumption
NCT02920749 (2) [back to overview]	Costs of Anaesthesia
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption Through First Postoperative Day. Measured in mg OME
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores at 1 Hour Postop
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores at 2 Hours Postop
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS) Score
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Time Until Patient is Ready for Discharge From Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) to Home.
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Back Pain on POD1
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Postoperative Discomfort and Needs (Post-op Pain, Sore Throat, Back Pain, Nausea, Cold, Hunger, Thirst)
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Incidence of Transient Neurologic Symptoms
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores on Postoperative Day (POD) 1
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Cognitive Recovery at 2 Hours Post-operative
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Cognitive Recovery on POD1
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Postoperative Discomfort and Needs (Post-op Pain, Sore Throat, Back Pain, Nausea, Cold, Hunger, Thirst)
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Postoperative Discomfort and Needs (Post-op Pain, Sore Throat, Back Pain, Nausea, Cold, Hunger, Thirst)
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Nausea Intensity
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Assessment of Patient Blinding to Group Assignment
NCT03503578 (1) [back to overview]	Frequencies At Which Changes in Alpha, Theta, and Slow-Delta Wave Power Were Observed From Baseline During Sevoflurane-induced General Anesthesia
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Delirium
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Irritability
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Sevoflurane
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Lidocaine Dose
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Nitrous Oxide
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Oral/Enteral Intake
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Sleep Pattern
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Total Propofol Administered
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Dexmedetomidine Dose
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Efficiency of Propofol Dexmedetomidine Sedation Compared With Propofol Infusion
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Eye Opening
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Glycopyrrolate Dose
NCT03513757 (13) [back to overview]	Discharge Ready
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Falls
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Pain Satisfaction
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Nausea
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Nausea
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Morphine Use
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Falls
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	ASES
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Constipation
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Post Op Pain
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Constipation
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Additional Post Op Pain
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Simple Shoulder Test
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12©) Physical Health Subscore, and Mental Health Subscore
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12©) Physical Health Subscore, and Mental Health Subscore
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Pain Satisfaction
NCT03540030 (16) [back to overview]	Simple Shoulder Test

Mean Time From Start of Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of the T4/T1 Ratio to 0.8

Neuromuscular functioning was monitored by applying repetitive TOF electrical stimulations to the ulnar nerve every 15 seconds and assessing twitch response at the adductor pollicis muscle. T1 and T4 refer to the amplitudes (heights) of the first and fourth twitches, respectively, after TOF nerve stimulation. The T4/T1 ratio (expressed as a decimal from 0 [loss of T4] up to 1.0 [no NMB]) indicates the extent of recovery from NMB. A faster time to recovery of the T4/T1 ratio to 0.8 indicates a faster recovery from NMB. (NCT00559468)
Timeframe: Up to 3 minutes after sugammadex administration

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Sugammadex + Sevoflurane	1.20
Sugammadex + Propofol	1.12

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline BIS	60% Nitrous Oxide BIS	Baseline SE	60% Nitrous Oxide SE
Propofol Group	40	39	43	43
Sevoflurane Group	36	32	37	31

Intervention	participants (Number)
BLM-240 Group	6
BLM-240 N2O Group	4
BLM-240 O2 Group	2
Sevoflurane Group	0

Intervention	percentage (Number)
	Low Range	High Range
BLM-240 N2O Group	3	4
BLM-240 O2 Group	4	5
Sevoflurane Group	1.2	1.4

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
BLM-240 Group	3.97
BLM-240 N2O Group	3.69
BLM-240 O2 Group	4.48
Sevoflurane Group	1.30

Intervention	participants (Number)
	>=70%	<70%
BLM-240 Group	111	9
BLM-240 N2O Group	68	7
BLM-240 O2 Group	43	2
Sevoflurane Group	31	3

Intervention	participants (Number)
	No	Yes	Unevaluable
BLM-240 Group	165	0	1
BLM-240 N2O Group	110	0	1
BLM-240 O2 Group	55	0	0
Sevoflurane Group	50	0	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Excellent Ability	Sufficient Ability	Some Ability	Insufficient Ability	Inadequate	Unevaluable
BLM-240 Group	111	9	44	1	0	1
BLM-240 N2O Group	68	7	35	0	0	1
BLM-240 O2 Group	43	2	9	1	0	0
Sevoflurane Group	31	3	16	0	0	0

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
BLM-240 Group	13.6
BLM-240 N2O Group	13.9
BLM-240 O2 Group	13.1
Sevoflurane Group	18.7

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
BLM-240 Group	9.8
BLM-240 N2O Group	10.1
BLM-240 O2 Group	9.3
Sevoflurane Group	14.8

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
BLM-240 Group	11.4
BLM-240 N2O Group	11.8
BLM-240 O2 Group	10.6
Sevoflurane Group	16.2

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Prior to start of inhalation	End of inhalation	After Awakening	Before Extubation	5 minutes after extubation
BLM-240 N2O Group	50.7	46.3	84.8	90.1	93.5
BLM-240 O2 Group	48.6	57.3	88.2	90.8	95.2
Sevoflurane Group	49.8	48.8	87.4	90.9	93.4

Intervention	ml/100 ml tissue/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Control, Glucose	Post Ischemia, Glucose	Intervention Baseline	Control, after intervention	Post Ischemia, intervention
Sevoflurane and Glucose	6.48	8.26	7.10	8.47	7.90	8.45
Statin and Glucose	7.32	9.91	7.00	8.17	9.28	6.26
Vitamin C and Glucose	9.2	9.2	7.6	8.84	9.3	9.91

Intervention	U/L (Mean)
	M30 marker preoperatively	M65 marker preoperatively	M30 marker postoperatively	M65 marker postoperatively	M30 marker 24h postoperatively	M65 marker 24h postoperatively	M30 marker 48h postoperatively	M65 marker 48h postoperatively
Propofol	279.97	470.30	299.97	478.27	267.17	456.43	254.20	485.53
Sevoflurane	237.27	427.33	241.83	480.90	231.10	389.17	234.10	404.20

Intervention	cm (Mean)
	Provider Satisfaction	Patient Satisfaction
No Sevoflurane	9.3	8.2
Sevoflurane	9.4	8.4

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	At 2 minutes	At 5 minutes
Sevoflurane in Air/O2	0.22	0.17
Sevoflurane in N2O/O2	0.18	0.14

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	At 2 minutes	At 5 minutes	At 30 minutes
Sevoflurane in Air/O2	0.44	0.32	0.20
Sevoflurane in N2O/O2	0.32	0.23	0.16

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	SBP-Day 1	SBP-Day 2	SBP-Day 3	DBP-Day 1	DBP- Day 2	DBP-Day 3
Sevoflurane	-14.2	-10.7	-12.2	-6.15	-1.46	-2.61
Xenon	-12.2	-10.8	-11.9	-6.05	-3.32	-3.73

Intervention	beats per minute (Mean)
	HR-Day 1	HR-Day 2	HR-Day 3
Sevoflurane	6.35	9.85	8.90
Xenon	6.35	8.81	6.44

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Baseline	Minimum SBP-Induction Time	Minimum SBP-Maintenance Time	Minimum SBP- Awakening Time	Maximum SBP-Induction Time	Maximum SBP- Maintenance Time	Maximum SBP-Awakening Time
Sevoflurane	147.3	90.3	83.8	117.6	153.6	144.6	153.4
Xenon	146.1	90.6	94.8	123.8	156.0	157.8	156.6

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Sevoflurane	13.97
Propofol	17.64
Propofol Induction Sevoflurane Maintenance	14.95

sevoflurane

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Mean Time From Start of Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of the T4/T1 Ratio to 0.8

Mean Time From Start Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of Fourth Twitch/First Twitch (T4/T1) Ratio to 0.9

Mean Time From Start of Administration of Sugammadex to Recovery of the T4/T1 Ratio to 0.7

The Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Bispectral Index (BIS) and State Entropy Index (SE)

Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication Due to Rise in Blood Pressure or Heart Rate

Range of End-Tidal Anesthetic Percent Concentrations During Anesthetic Maintenance

Range of Inspired Anesthetic Concentrations Below End-Tidal Anesthetic Percent Concentrations During Anesthetic Maintenance

End-Tidal Anesthetic Percent Concentrations Successfully Maintained Anesthesia

Number of Participants Not Receiving Rescue Treatment Whose Blood Pressure/Heart Rate Maintained Above/Below 70%

Number of Participants Receiving Rescue Treatment Whose Blood Pressure/Heart Rate Maintained Above/Below 70%

Number of Participants With Body Movement During Anesthetic Maintenance

Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Treatment During Anesthetic Maintenance

Number of Participants With Recall/Memory Issues During Anesthetic Maintenance

Overall Assessment of Efficacy

Time to Reaching an Aldrete Score >=8 (Min)

Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication Due to Arrhythmia

Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication Due to Drop in Blood Pressure or Heart Rate

Time to Awakening

Time to Clear Consciousness

Time to Extubation

Time to Stating Birth Date

Changes in Bispectral Index (BIS) Over Time During Anethetic Maintenance

Pain Measured on Verbal Scale of 0-10

Forearm Blood Flow

Changes in the M30 and M65 Markers Related to the Anesthesia Type

Surgeon's Numeric Rating Scale (SNRS)

Anesthesiologist Numeric Rating Scale (ANRS)

Estimated Blood Loss

Number of Participants Experiencing Side Effects (Nausea, Dizziness)

Number of Participants Needing Intervention to Treat Blood Loss (a Composite of Use of Uterotonics, Re-aspiration, and Bimanual Massage)

Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 300 mL (Yes/no)

Procedure Time: T-test (Time of Speculum Placement to Time Speculum Removed)

Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Anesthesia

PA t/PA0 Sevo (End Tidal Partial Pressure of Sevoflurane), t=Time (Minutes)

Pa t/Pa0 Sevo (Arterial Partial Pressure of Sevoflurane), t=Time(Minutes)

Time to Eye Opening

Number of Participants With Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Number of Participants With Myocardial Necrosis (MN)

Number of Participants With Life-Threatening Arrhythmia

Number of Participants Who Died From Cardiac Origin

Number of Participants With Cardiac Troponin I or T Above the 99th Percentile (Local Laboratories)

Number of Participants With Cerebro-Vascular Event

Number of Participants With Composite Endpoint

Vital Signs (SBP and DBP Changes)

Vital Signs (Heart Rate Changes)

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Number of Participants With Chest Pain During the 3 Postoperative Days

Urine Output

Time to Orientation

Time to Loss of Consciousness

Time to Eye Opening

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sevoflurane	48.54
Propofol	100.32
Propofol Induction Sevoflurane Maintenance	68.76

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Sevoflurane	8.38
Propofol	9.79
Propofol Induction Sevoflurane Maintenance	8.69

Intervention	Yuan (Mean)
Sevoflurane	380.78
Propofol	548.52
Propofol Induction Sevoflurane Maintenance	269.40

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Sevoflurane	9.69
Propofol	11.32
Propofol Induction and Sevoflurane Maintenance	9.79

Intervention	participants (Number)
	able to swallow at T1+2 minutes	unable to swallow at T1+2 minutes
Desflurane	25	6
Sevoflurane	16	10

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	morphine	hydromorphone	midazolam	meperidine
Inhaled Anesthesia	4	1	1	0
Total Intravenous Anesthesia	2	3	1	2

Intervention	millimeters (mm) (Mean)
	TEG MA [maximum clot strength]	adenosine diphosphate channel (ADP) MA [maximum contribution of ADP to clot strength]	arachidonic acid channel (AA) MA [maximum contribution of AA to clot strength]
Inhaled Anesthesia	68.7	55.1	57.1
Total Intravenous Anesthesia	71.9	51.7	57.7

Intervention	L/min (Mean)
Wakefulness	7.9
Anesthesia With Low Dose Sevoflurane (Baseline CO2)	6.7
Anesthesia With High Dose Sevoflurane (Baseline CO2)	5.6
Anesthesia With Low Dose Propofol (CO2 Baseline)	7.2
Anesthesia With High Dose Propofol (CO2 Baseline)	5.7

Intervention	percentage of maximum recorded activity (Mean)
Phasic Genioglossus Activity (Light Anesthesia)	32.8
Tonic Genioglossus Activity (Light Anesthesia)	24.2
Phasic Genioglossus Activity (Deep Anesthesia)	26.0
Tonic Genioglossus Activity (Deep Anesthesia)	22.3

Intervention	percentage of pathological swallows (Number)
Anesthesia With Propofol and Sevoflurane (All Cases)	25.9
Wakefulness (All Cases)	4.9
Anesthesia With Propofol and Sevoflurane (Baseline CO2)	15.8
Anesthesia With Propofol and Sevoflurane (CO2 Insufflation)	34.9
Wakefulness (During Baseline CO2)	1.0
Wakefulness (With CO2 Insufflation)	13.2