Compounds > 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone

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Description

3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9571836
CHEMBL ID231616
SCHEMBL ID29370
MeSH IDM0209583

Synonyms (50)

Synonym
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde- thiosemicarbazone
236392-56-6
[(e)-(3-amino-2-pyridyl)methyleneamino]thiourea
nsc-663249
triapine ,
3-apct
pan 811
hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-((3-amino-2-pyridinyl)methylene)-
3-ap
ocx 191
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
nsc 663249
pan811
pan-811
143621-35-6
CHEMBL231616
ocx-0191
ocx-191
[(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylideneamino]thiourea
AKOS006273720
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone
unii-u4xil4091c
u4xil4091c ,
S7470
ocx 191 [who-dd]
HY-10082
SCHEMBL29370
2-((3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide
200933-27-3
mfcd00924747
2-[(3-amino-2-pyridinyl)methylene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
3-aminopyridine-2-carbaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone
bdbm50198892
A879844
DB11940
2-((3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
[(e)-(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylideneamino]thiourea
DTXSID90893923
pan-811;nsc# 663249;ocx191
(e)-2-((3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
AS-16679
CCG-266543
nsc-759096
nsc759096
EX-A1926
hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-[(3-amino-2-pyridinyl)methylene]-, (e)-
A857776
A936642
AC-36254
(2e)-2-[(3-amino-2-pyridinyl)methylene]hydrazinecarbothioamide

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Iron (Fe) chelation therapy was initially designed to alleviate the toxic effects of excess Fe evident in Fe-overload diseases."( Future of toxicology--iron chelators and differing modes of action and toxicity: the changing face of iron chelation therapy.
Kalinowski, DS; Richardson, DR, 2007)		0.34

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Based on these clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data, Triapine warrants further study in patients with hematologic malignancies."( Phase I and pharmacodynamic study of Triapine, a novel ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, in patients with advanced leukemia.
Alvarado, Y; Brown, RA; Cahill, A; Cortes, JE; DiPersio, JF; Faderl, S; Fracasso, PM; Gandhi, V; Garcia-Manero, G; Giles, FJ; Kantarjian, HM; Lambert, P; Plunkett, W; Samson, T; Sznol, M; Thomas, DA; Verstovsek, S; Wright, LP, 2003)		0.32
" Triapine showed linear pharmacokinetic behavior although interpatient variability was relatively high."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of triapine, a potent ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, administered daily for five days in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Clairmont, C; Doyle, T; Lambert, P; Modiano, M; Murren, J; Savaraj, N; Sznol, M, 2003)		0.32
" Detailed pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated linear kinetics up to 160 mg/m(2), with substantial inter-patient variability."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, administered by 96-hour intravenous continuous infusion.
Clairmont, C; Fehn, K; Lambert, P; Makower, D; Sznol, M; Wadler, S, 2004)		0.55
" Limited pharmacokinetic data did not suggest any clinically relevant pharmacological influence of 3-AP on gemcitabine."( A multicenter phase II trial of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, Triapine) and gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with pharmacokinetic evaluation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Chan, AT; Goh, BC; Lam, KC; Leong, SS; Ma, B; Mo, F; Mok, T; Soo, R; Tan, EH; Wang, LZ; Zee, B, 2008)		0.63
"The purpose of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for 3-AP, to evaluate the effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic profile of 3-AP, and to assess the relationship between 3AP disposition and patient covariates."( Population pharmacokinetics of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Triapine®) in cancer patients.
Alberti, D; Brundage, RC; Holen, K; Ivy, P; Kolesar, J; Pomplun, M; Traynor, A; Wilding, G, 2011)		0.66

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The primary objective of the study was to establish the maximum tolerated dose of 3-AP when given in combination with a fixed dose of cytarabine."( Phase I study of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) in combination with high dose cytarabine in patients with advanced myeloid leukemia.
Delaney, SM; Dolan, ME; Gajria, D; Karrison, TG; Larson, RA; Odenike, OM; Ratain, MJ; Stock, W, 2008)		0.35
"To assess the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of Triapine administered in combination with doxorubicin."( A phase I study of Triapine in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Alberti, D; Eickhoff, J; Huang, W; Ivy, P; Jiang, Z; Kolesar, JM; Lee, F; Marnocha, R; Morgan-Meadows, S; Pomplun, M; Schelman, WR; Traynor, AM; Wilding, G, 2009)		0.35
" Confirmatory clinical trials may further define the in vivo triapine metabolic fate and quantify any drug-drug interactions."( In vitro evaluation of the metabolic enzymes and drug interaction potential of triapine.
Beumer, JH; Chaphekar, N; Chu, E; Guo, J; Jones, R; Joshi, A; Kiesel, BF; Kunos, CA; Taylor, S; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)		0.56

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This study was designed to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and oral bioavailability of 3-AP in patients with advanced-stage solid tumors."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) in the treatment of advanced-stage solid cancers: a California Cancer Consortium Study.
Belani, CP; Chao, J; Chung, V; Davies, A; Espinoza-Delgado, I; Gandara, DR; Gitlitz, BJ; Kunos, C; Lau, DH; Lenz, HJ; Lim, D; Longmate, J; McNamara, M; Morgan, RJ; Newman, EM; Ramalingam, SS; Shibata, S; Stoller, RG; Synold, TW; Yen, Y, 2012)		0.64
" Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and bioavailability were evaluated."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) in the treatment of advanced-stage solid cancers: a California Cancer Consortium Study.
Belani, CP; Chao, J; Chung, V; Davies, A; Espinoza-Delgado, I; Gandara, DR; Gitlitz, BJ; Kunos, C; Lau, DH; Lenz, HJ; Lim, D; Longmate, J; McNamara, M; Morgan, RJ; Newman, EM; Ramalingam, SS; Shibata, S; Stoller, RG; Synold, TW; Yen, Y, 2012)		0.64
" The oral bioavailability of 3-AP was 67 ± 29% and was consistent with the finding that the MTD by the oral route was 33% higher than by the intravenous route."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) in the treatment of advanced-stage solid cancers: a California Cancer Consortium Study.
Belani, CP; Chao, J; Chung, V; Davies, A; Espinoza-Delgado, I; Gandara, DR; Gitlitz, BJ; Kunos, C; Lau, DH; Lenz, HJ; Lim, D; Longmate, J; McNamara, M; Morgan, RJ; Newman, EM; Ramalingam, SS; Shibata, S; Stoller, RG; Synold, TW; Yen, Y, 2012)		0.64
" This LC-MS/MS assay will be an essential tool to further define the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of triapine."( LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitation of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor triapine in human plasma.
Beumer, JH; Chu, E; Eiseman, JL; Guo, J; Huang, M; Ivy, SP; Kiesel, BF; Kunos, C; Matsumoto, J; Parise, RA; Taylor, S, 2017)		0.46
" Remarkedly, 10 showed good bioavailability and inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models."( Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
Cao, H; Chen, G; Fang, Y; Jin, T; Kang, J; Li, Y; Lou, C; Niu, C; Sun, L; Wei, W; Yi, J; Zhu, J, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Optimum anticancer activity required twice daily dosing due to the duration of inhibition of DNA synthesis which lasted about 10 hr in L1210 cells treated with Triapine in vivo."( Triapine (3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde- thiosemicarbazone): A potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase activity with broad spectrum antitumor activity.
Cheng, Y; Finch, RA; Grill, SP; Liu, M; Loomis, R; Rose, WC; Sartorelli, AC; Vasquez, KM, 2000)		0.31
" More significantly, the ortho-phosphate prodrug 21 demonstrated impressive antitumor effect using once-a-day dosing regimen."( Syntheses and antitumor activities of potent inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase: 3-amino-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarba-zone (3-AMP), 3-amino-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) and its water-soluble prodrugs.
Chen, SH; Doyle, TW; King, I; Li, J; Zheng , LM, 2001)		0.31
" One DLT in 6 evaluable patients established the MTD as 150 mg per dose on this dosing schedule."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) in the treatment of advanced-stage solid cancers: a California Cancer Consortium Study.
Belani, CP; Chao, J; Chung, V; Davies, A; Espinoza-Delgado, I; Gandara, DR; Gitlitz, BJ; Kunos, C; Lau, DH; Lenz, HJ; Lim, D; Longmate, J; McNamara, M; Morgan, RJ; Newman, EM; Ramalingam, SS; Shibata, S; Stoller, RG; Synold, TW; Yen, Y, 2012)		0.64
"We evaluated 3 dosage levels of triapine (24 mg/m2, 48 mg/m2, 72 mg/m2) administered with 50."( A dose escalation and pharmacodynamic study of triapine and radiation in patients with locally advanced pancreas cancer.
Bekaii-Saab, T; Bloomston, M; Grecula, J; Grever, M; Harper, E; Ivy, SP; Jia, G; Kefauver, C; Knopp, M; Martin, LK; Otterson, GA; Wei, L; Wu, X; Yang, X; Yen, Y; Zhou, BS, 2012)		0.38
" Four patients (1 nonevaluable) were enrolled at dosage level 1 (DL1), 3 patients at DL2, and 5 patients (2 nonevaluable) at DL3."( A dose escalation and pharmacodynamic study of triapine and radiation in patients with locally advanced pancreas cancer.
Bekaii-Saab, T; Bloomston, M; Grecula, J; Grever, M; Harper, E; Ivy, SP; Jia, G; Kefauver, C; Knopp, M; Martin, LK; Otterson, GA; Wei, L; Wu, X; Yang, X; Yen, Y; Zhou, BS, 2012)		0.38
" Recent patents show that the controlled or sustained release dosage form of the thiosemicarbazone derivatives along with ionizing radiations is used for the treatment of proliferative diseases (US20110152281, US20110245304, US20120172217)."( Aryl- and heteroaryl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their metal complexes: a pharmacological template.
Cerqueira, NM; Fernandes, PA; Moorthy, NS; Ramos, MJ, 2013)		0.39
" The aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their potency disparity and to determine their kinetics of cell-kill in culture to aid in the formulation of their clinical dosing schedules."( Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes.
Baumann, RP; Ishiguro, K; Lin, ZP; Penketh, PG; Ratner, ES; Rutherford, TJ; Sartorelli, AC; Shyam, K; Zhu, R; Zhu, YL, 2014)		0.4
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.18500.18500.18500.1850AID1472802
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)9.07800.73103.79949.0780AID1323834
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.38800.03101.20547.2910AID1323835
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
blastocyst developmentRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic processRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic processRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic processRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterotetramerizationRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycleRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagyCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular respirationCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein maturation by [2Fe-2S] cluster transferCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptorRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
ferric iron bindingRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-cysteine transaminase activityCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complexRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (114)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1472802Inhibition of human RRM2 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-codon plus(DE3) using [14C]-ADP as substrate after 3 mins by liquid scintillation counting method2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3
Structure-Guided Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies Reveal Sweetspots on Naphthyl Salicyl Hydrazone Scaffold as Non-Nucleosidic Competitive, Reversible Inhibitors of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase.
AID127872Average survival days at the dose 20x2 mg/ kg in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID135608Effect on administering twice daily at a dose of 10x2 mg/kg expressed as long term survivors (>60 days); 4/101992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID350247Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human P-gp-negative KB-3-1 cells to human P-glycoprotein-expressing KBV1 cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-28, Volume: 52, Issue:10
Synthesis, activity, and pharmacophore development for isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazones with selective activity toward multidrug-resistant cells.
AID1319026Induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in human KB3-1 cells at 10 uM after 30 mins by acridine orange staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1319020Antiproliferative activity against human KBV1 cells over expressing P-gp after 24 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1626669Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells pre-incubated with CuCl2 for 60 mins followed by compound addition for for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1626662Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1319018Antiproliferative activity against human KB3-1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1692153Antiproliferative activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID136233Effect of compound on mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia expressed as T/C percent treated/control)-dose 40 mg/ kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1735983Antagonistic antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.05 to 1000 nM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of copper by cell-titer-Glo luminescent based Chou-Talay method2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID312544Antiproliferative activity against human SK-MN-C cells by MTT assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Structure-activity relationships of novel iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disease: the methyl pyrazinylketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone series.
AID135614Effect on administering twice daily at a dose of 20x2 mg/kg expressed as long term survivors (>60 days); 1/101992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1692161Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID1692155Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for cytotoxicity against human GES1 to IC50 for antiproliferative activity against human MGC-803 cells2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID127723Average change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia(dose 30x2 mg/ kg )1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID350249Cytotoxicity against human P-gp-negative KB-3-1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-28, Volume: 52, Issue:10
Synthesis, activity, and pharmacophore development for isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazones with selective activity toward multidrug-resistant cells.
AID1735948Induction of mitochondrial membrane potential loss in human MV4-11 cells measured at 8 to 24 hrs by JC1 staining based FACScalibur flow cytometry analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1735891Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by cell-titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1692159Antiproliferative activity against human EC9706 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID1626661Resistance factor, ratio of IC50 for triapine-resistant human SW480 cells to IC50 for human SW480 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID350248Cytotoxicity against human P-glycoprotein-expressing KBV1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-28, Volume: 52, Issue:10
Synthesis, activity, and pharmacophore development for isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazones with selective activity toward multidrug-resistant cells.
AID1728309Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells.
AID1711815Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA cells transfected with mCherry fluorescent protein assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by fluorescent assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 117Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thiosemicarbazones, hydrazinobenzothiazoles and arylhydrazones as anticancer agents with a potential to overcome multidrug resistance.
AID1610251Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 184Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent.
AID1735886Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1a cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.1 to 100 uM incubated for 48 hrs by cell-titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID127873Average survival days at the dose 30x2 mg/ kg in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1692157Antiproliferative activity against human SGC-7901 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID345783Inhibition of human recombinant ribonucleotide reductase expressed in BL21 (DE3) bacteria assessed as conversion of [3H]CDP to [3H]dCDP2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Synthesis and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitory activity of thiosemicarbazones.
AID1319021Antiproliferative activity against human KBV1 cells over expressing P-gp after 24 hrs in presence of P-gp inhibitor elacridar by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1626660Cytotoxicity against triapine-resistant human SW480 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1692160Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID136228Effect of compound on mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia expressed as T/C percent treated/control)-dose 10x2 mg/ kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID8330Compound was evaluated for area under the curve in dog blood.1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-17, Volume: 8, Issue:22
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a water soluble phosphate prodrug of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP).
AID439762Antiproliferative activity against human SK-N-MC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Thiosemicarbazones from the old to new: iron chelators that are more than just ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.
AID127722Average change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia(dose 20x2 mg/ kg )1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1735882Metal chelating activity assessed as copper chelation by UV-Visible spectrophotometry2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1735895Intrinsic clearance mouse in liver microsomes at 10 uM preincubated for 5 mins followed by NADPH addition and measured up to 45 mins by LC/MS analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1626658Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1626671Induction of intracellular ROS generation in human HL60 cells at 1 and 5 uM in presence of CuCl2 incubated for 30 mins by DCF-DA staining based fluorescence assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1416716Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2017MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:12
Thiosemicarbazone-based selective proliferation inactivators inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration.
AID1735892Cytotoxicity against HUVEC assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by cell-titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID722568Toxicity in human RBC lysates assessed as methemoglobin formation at 25 uM after 3 hrs (Rvb = 1.2 +/- 8%)2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-10, Volume: 56, Issue:1
Alkyl substituted 2'-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone chelators with potent and selective anti-neoplastic activity: novel ligands that limit methemoglobin formation.
AID1728310Antiproliferative activity against human ECa-109 cell line cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells.
AID127720Average change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia(dose 15x2 mg/ kg )1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1319019Antiproliferative activity against human KB3-1 cells after 24 hrs in presence of P-gp inhibitor elacridar by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1735888Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.1 to 100 uM incubated for 48 hrs by cell-titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID292406Antiproliferative activity against human SK-N-MC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 50, Issue:15
Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel iron chelators: structure-activity relationships of the 2-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone series and their 3-nitrobenzoyl analogues as potent antitumor agents.
AID1735945Upregulation of TXNIP protein expression in human MV4-11 cells at 50 nM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID127719Average change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia(dose 10x2 mg/ kg )1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1626663Cytotoxicity against human KBC1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1151101Photocytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells expressing wild type p53 assessed as combination index incubated for 24 hrs followed by light irradiation measured after 24 hrs by MTS assay in presence of ALA2014ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-10, Volume: 5, Issue:4
Iron chelators in photodynamic therapy revisited: synergistic effect by novel highly active thiosemicarbazones.
AID1550506Growth inhibition of mouse L1210 cells by MTS assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 170Multi-target compounds acting in cancer progression: Focus on thiosemicarbazone, thiazole and thiazolidinone analogues.
AID1735944Upregulation of TXNIP mRNA expression in human MV4-11 cells at 50 nM incubated for 24 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1728313Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cell line cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells.
AID103146In vivo antitumor activity evaluated against M-109 murine lung carcinoma cells in BALB/c mice administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 4.5 mg/kg1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-17, Volume: 8, Issue:22
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a water soluble phosphate prodrug of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP).
AID127871Average survival days at the dose 15x2 mg/ kg in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1416714Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2017MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:12
Thiosemicarbazone-based selective proliferation inactivators inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration.
AID1735986Upregulation of TXNIP protein expression in human MV4-11 cells at 500 nM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1711816Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA/DX5 cells transfected with mCherry fluorescent protein assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by fluorescent assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 117Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thiosemicarbazones, hydrazinobenzothiazoles and arylhydrazones as anticancer agents with a potential to overcome multidrug resistance.
AID127874Average survival days at the dose 40 mg/ kg in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1416715Antiproliferative activity against human SMMC7721 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2017MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:12
Thiosemicarbazone-based selective proliferation inactivators inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration.
AID722565Toxicity in intact human RBC assessed as methemoglobin formation at 25 uM after 3 hrs relative to untreated control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-10, Volume: 56, Issue:1
Alkyl substituted 2'-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone chelators with potent and selective anti-neoplastic activity: novel ligands that limit methemoglobin formation.
AID127870Average survival days at the dose 10x2 mg/ kg in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1692158Antiproliferative activity against human BGC-823 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID1735985Metal chelating activity assessed as ferric chelation by UV-Visible spectrophotometry2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1610255Antiproliferative activity against human GES-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 184Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent.
AID439766Antitumor activity against mouse M109 cells implanted in CD2F1 hybrid mouse assessed as reduction of tumor weight at 6 mg/kg, iv administered 4 days after implantation BID for 5 days measured on day 12 after implantation relative to control2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Thiosemicarbazones from the old to new: iron chelators that are more than just ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.
AID1319028Induction of ROS accumulation in human KBV1 cells over expressing P-gp at 10 uM after 30 mins by DCF-DA staining based flow cytometry2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1735893Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for HUVEC to IC50 for human MV4-11 cells2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID293115Antiproliferative activity against human SK-N-MC cells by MTT assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3
Investigating biological activity spectrum for novel quinoline analogues.
AID135615Effect on administering twice daily at a dose of 30x2 mg/kg expressed as long term survivors (>60 days); 0/51992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1323834Displacement of [3H]rosiglitazone from recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged MitoNEET cytosolic domain (32 to 108 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by scintillation proximity assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:21
Identification of small molecules that bind to the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET.
AID1735987Induction of JNK phosphorylation in human MV4-11 cells at 500 nM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1711821Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA/DX5 cells incubated for 72 hrs in presence of efflux pump inhibitor, Tariquidar by MTT assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 117Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thiosemicarbazones, hydrazinobenzothiazoles and arylhydrazones as anticancer agents with a potential to overcome multidrug resistance.
AID1735936Synergistic antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.05 to 1000 nM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of copper by cell-titer-Glo luminescent based Chou-Talay method2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1735887Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.1 to 100 uM incubated for 48 hrs by cell-titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1735921Induction of ROS generation in human MV4-11 cells assessed as increase in mitochondrial ROS level incubated for 4 to 8 hrs by MitoSox red dye based flow cytometry analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1692154Cytotoxicity against human GES1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID1728312Antiproliferative activity against human MGC-803 cell line cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells.
AID303515Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells by MTT assay2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 50, Issue:24
Design, synthesis, and characterization of new iron chelators with anti-proliferative activity: structure-activity relationships of novel thiohydrazone analogues.
AID1626666Induction of morphological changes in human SW480 cells assessed as induction of massive cell flattening at 2.5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by phase contrast microscopy2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1416717Cytotoxicity against human GES-1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2017MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 8, Issue:12
Thiosemicarbazone-based selective proliferation inactivators inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration.
AID1728311Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cell line cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells.
AID1151106Photocytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells expressing wild type p53 incubated for 24 hrs followed by light irradiation measured after 24 hrs by MTS assay in presence of ALA and FeCl32014ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-10, Volume: 5, Issue:4
Iron chelators in photodynamic therapy revisited: synergistic effect by novel highly active thiosemicarbazones.
AID1626665Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1626657n-octanol/water distribution coefficient, log D in pH 7.4 HEPES buffer at 0.10M KCl by shake-flask method2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID136229Effect of compound on mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia expressed as T/C percent treated/control)-dose 15x2 mg/ kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1323835Displacement of [3H]rosiglitazone from recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged MitoNEET cytosolic domain (32 to 108 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by Cheng-Prusoff analysis2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:21
Identification of small molecules that bind to the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET.
AID1692156Antiproliferative activity against human HGC-27 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 199Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents.
AID1319027Induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in human KBV1 cells over expressing P-gp at 10 uM after 30 mins by acridine orange staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1626659Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID127724Average change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy in mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia(dose 40 mg/ kg )1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID439764Toxicity in iv dosed CD2F1 hybrid mouse assessed as maximum tolerated dose administered BID at an interval of 6 hrs for 5 days a week over 2 weeks2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Thiosemicarbazones from the old to new: iron chelators that are more than just ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.
AID303514Antiproliferative activity against human SK-N-MC cells by MTT assay2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 50, Issue:24
Design, synthesis, and characterization of new iron chelators with anti-proliferative activity: structure-activity relationships of novel thiohydrazone analogues.
AID722572Induction of 59Fe efflux in human SK-N-MC cells prelabeled with 59Fe2-Tf at 25 uM after 3 hrs by gamma-scintillation counting analysis (Rvb = 5 +/- 1%)2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-10, Volume: 56, Issue:1
Alkyl substituted 2'-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone chelators with potent and selective anti-neoplastic activity: novel ligands that limit methemoglobin formation.
AID1735984Metal chelating activity assessed as ferrous chelation by UV-Visible spectrophotometry2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID136231Effect of compound on mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia expressed as T/C percent treated/control)-dose 20x2 mg/ kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1610254Antiproliferative activity against human WPMY-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 184Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent.
AID9542Compound was evaluated for plasma clearance.1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-17, Volume: 8, Issue:22
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a water soluble phosphate prodrug of 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP).
AID1735883Antiproliferative activity against human KMS-11 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.1 to 100 uM incubated for 48 hrs by cell-titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1151096Dark cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells expressing wild type p53 after 96 hrs by MTT assay2014ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-10, Volume: 5, Issue:4
Iron chelators in photodynamic therapy revisited: synergistic effect by novel highly active thiosemicarbazones.
AID1151109Induction of ROS generation in human HCT116 cells expressing wild type p53 at 4 uM after 24 hrs by spectrophotometry2014ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-10, Volume: 5, Issue:4
Iron chelators in photodynamic therapy revisited: synergistic effect by novel highly active thiosemicarbazones.
AID136232Effect of compound on mice bearing the L1210 Leukemia expressed as T/C percent treated/control)-dose 30x2 mg/ kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID722571Reduction of cellular 59Fe uptake from 59Fe-Transferrin in human SK-N-MC cells assessed as 59Fe level prelabeled with 59Fe2-Tf at 25 uM after 3 hrs relative to control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-10, Volume: 56, Issue:1
Alkyl substituted 2'-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone chelators with potent and selective anti-neoplastic activity: novel ligands that limit methemoglobin formation.
AID1735894Half life in mouse liver microsomes at 10 uM preincubated for 5 mins followed by NADPH addition and measured up to 45 mins by LC/MS analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID1610261Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human GES-1 cells to IC50 for human PC3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 184Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent.
AID1319023Substrate activity at P-gp (unknown origin) in P-gp enriched membranes assessed as increase in ATPase activity at 50 uM in presence of Mg2-ATP after 40 mins by luciferase reporter gen assay relative to control2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 59, Issue:18
Structure-Activity Relationships of Di-2-pyridylketone, 2-Benzoylpyridine, and 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones for Overcoming Pgp-Mediated Drug Resistance.
AID1626664Resistance factor, ratio of IC50 for human KBC1 cells to IC50 for human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14
Impact of Stepwise NH2-Methylation of Triapine on the Physicochemical Properties, Anticancer Activity, and Resistance Circumvention.
AID1610260Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human WPMY-1 cells to IC50 for human PC3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 184Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent.
AID1735988Induction of p38 phosphorylation in human MV4-11 cells at 500 nM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-28, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Novel Triapine Derivative Induces Copper-Dependent Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cancers.
AID135612Effect on administering twice daily at a dose of 15x2 mg/kg expressed as long term survivors (>60 days); 0/51992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20
Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone.
AID1728314Cytotoxicity against human WPMY-1 cell line cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (131)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's5 (3.82)18.2507
2000's50 (38.17)29.6817
2010's58 (44.27)24.3611
2020's18 (13.74)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 15.53

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index15.53 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.06 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.41 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index10.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (15.53)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials26 (19.85%)5.53%
Reviews11 (8.40%)6.00%
Case Studies3 (2.29%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other91 (69.47%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.3110coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
pyridoxal
[no description available]		2.0310hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tramiprosate
tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.		2.1310amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
GABA agonist;
nootropic agent
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;		2.1310benzoisoquinoline;
dicarboximide
tyrphostin ag 1024
tyrphostin AG 1024: modulates radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells; also an IGF1 receptor inhibitor		2.1310alkylbenzene
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.1310aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		2.1310hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.1310aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.1310aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		3.14104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		5.2690acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.1310amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.03103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.0310
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		3.6920nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		2.1310chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic etherantilipemic drug
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.1310monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.460one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		2.4320carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.1310guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
nocodazole
[no description available]		3.3110aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.1310aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piperazine
[no description available]		2.1710azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.1310pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.2110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		3.5520organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.8942beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		210alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
isatin
tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;		2.0510indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0310anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.03101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.1310N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		2.1310amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		7.6797pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde
pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde: structure in first source. 2-formylpyridine : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a formyl group.		2.2510pyridinecarbaldehyde
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		2.4110aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.4112'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		5.822beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		4.3711elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		2.1110elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.4411delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		2.0310
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1310bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		2.2110
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0310glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.0310taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.0210beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.0510indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		8.97117organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		8.4411carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.2510monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0310organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		4.37112'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iridium radioisotopes
Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.		2.0610
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		3.47112-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.1310aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tyrphostin 8
tyrphostin 8: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (a tyrphostin)		2.1310phenols
ezogabine
ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.		2.1310carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anticonvulsant;
potassium channel modulator
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.1710dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.1310
pomalidomide
3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source		2.1310aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.610secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0310
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		2.1310methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.0310
latrunculin a
latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.		3.3110cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.2510nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sodium dichloroacetate
CPC 211: for intravenous use in patients with closed head injuries and stroke patients; no further information available 12/99		2.1310
fludarabine
[no description available]		10.822purine nucleoside
isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone
isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone: isatizon believed to be Russian synonym		2.0510
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.1310aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
kaempferol
[no description available]		2.13107-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.1310sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
stiripentol
stiripentol: structure		2.1310
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.1310
bosutinib
4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.1310aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
N-methylpiperazine;
nitrile;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
su 11248
[no description available]		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde benzoylhydrazone
2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde benzoylhydrazone: structure in first source		2.0410
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		4.0840boron group element atom
2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone
2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.110
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.1310
2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone
2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone: structure in first source		2.4420
2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone
2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5820
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		2.1310imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
4-methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone
4-methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone: structure		2.0510
2-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide
2-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide: a topoisomerase II alpha inhibitor; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.1110
dantrolene
[no description available]		2.1310
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.0210ammonium ion derivative
furaltadon
furaltadon: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. furaltadone : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted at position 1 by a (5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 5 by a morpholin-4-ylmethyl group. An antibacterial formerly used oraly but withdrawn due to toxicity, it is used topically (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of ear disorders.		2.1310
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0510
tryprostatin a
tryprostatin A: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin A : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at positions 2 and 6 on the indole ring by prenyl and methoxy groups respectively.		2.1310aromatic ether;
dipeptide;
indole alkaloid;
indoles;
pyrrolopyrazine		breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor
cediranib
[no description available]		2.1710aromatic ether
di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
[no description available]		5.1880
di-2-pyridyl ketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone
di-2-pyridyl ketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone: a chelating agent; structure in first source		2.0410
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		2.0210
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.4420
olaparib
[no description available]		2.5320cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.9640ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.3110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		2.13102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		3.411deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methyl-4(3h)-quinazolinone
2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone: from Bacillus cereus; structure given in first source		2.0310
2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone
2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone: structure in first source		4.3960
salicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone
salicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone: structure given in first source		2.0310
pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone
pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone: acts as iron chelating agent		4.2350
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		03.8240
(pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
[description not available]		02.0310
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral
A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with EWING SARCOMA.		02.0310
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		02.4420
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		02.2110
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.2110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		06.6454
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		010.83219
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		112.83219
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.5120
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.5120
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4620
Malignant Neurilemmoma
[description not available]		02.610
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.610
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		02.610
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		03.1630
Ewing Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.8220
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		03.1630
Sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.		02.8220
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.610
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.610
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.7730
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.7730
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.610
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.610
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.3110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.830
Lymphoma, Primary Effusion
A rare neoplasm of large B-cells usually presenting as serious effusions without detectable tumor masses. The most common sites of involvement are the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. It is associated with HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8, most often occurring in the setting of immunodeficiency.		02.1510
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.1710
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.1710
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.1710
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		05.1152
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		03.4711
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		05.1152
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		03.4711
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		05.822
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9940
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9940
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		02.110
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.110
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		05.0631
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.110
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		05.0631
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.1110
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.1110
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.1310
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.1310
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		02.0510
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		04.422
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		04.422
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		16.422
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		16.422
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.4311
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		03.4311
Metastase
[description not available]		03.4311
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		03.4311
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.4311
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		03.4311
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		03.4311
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.0510
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.0510
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.0510
Hepatic Insufficiency
Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.		04.3711
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.9633
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		04.3711
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		010.9633
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		04.3711
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		04.3711
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		011.6473
Anoxemia
[description not available]		04.3441
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		04.3441
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.2643
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		17.2643
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		04.4122
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.3922
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		04.3922
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		04.4122
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.3922
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		03.3911
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		03.3911
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		03.411
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		04.3822
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		03.411
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		04.3822
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		04.3722
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		03.411
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		03.411
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		02.7230
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.7230
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		02.7230
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.7230
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		02.0210
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		02.0210
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.0310
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0310
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.0310
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0310
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		02.0310
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0310
Recrudescence
[description not available]		05.9533
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.4111
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		05.322
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.4111
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		03.4111
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		05.322
Acrania
[description not available]		02.0310
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		05.5932
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		02.0310
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		05.5932
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		04.7421
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		04.7421
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.0310
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.0310
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.9410
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.9410
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.8221
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		03.8221
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		04.3411
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		16.3411
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		03.4211
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		03.4211
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0310
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		04.3411
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		04.3411