cephalothin profile

Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6024
CHEMBL ID	617
CHEBI ID	124991
SCHEMBL ID	2990
SCHEMBL ID	20477170
MeSH ID	M0003828

Synonym
MLS001048966 ,
smr000386987
BRD-K28210218-236-05-7
DIVK1C_000097
KBIO1_000097
(6r,7r)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SPECTRUM_000110
SPECTRUM5_000669
LOPAC0_000283
PRESTWICK2_000719
IDI1_000097
cefalotina fabra (tn)
cefalotin (ban)
D07635
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-[[2-(2-thienyl)acetyl]amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienylacetyl)amino]-, (6r,7r)-
BPBIO1_001031
BSPBIO_001963
BSPBIO_000937
PRESTWICK3_000719
C07761 ,
cephalothin
153-61-7
cefalotin
3-acetoxymethyl-7-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
DB00456
7-(2'-thienylacetamido)cephalosporanic acid
cephalotin
7-(thiophene-2-acetamido)cephalosporin
7-(2-thienylacetamido)cephalosporanic acid
NCGC00159332-02
cephalothinum
6r-trans-3-((acetyloxy)methyl)-8-oxo-7-((2-thienylacetyl)amino)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)-oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-(2-(2-thienyl)acetamido)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid acetate
7-(thiophene-2-acetamido)cephalosporanic acid
3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-(2-(2-thienyl)acetamido)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
cemastin
cefalotinum [inn-latin]
cefalotina [inn-spanish]
brn 0945586
c16h16n2o6s2
einecs 205-815-7
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-(2-(2-thienyl)acetamido)-, acetate (ester)
coaxin
cefalotine [inn-french]
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-((acetyloxy)methyl)-8-oxo-7-((2-thienylacetyl)amino)-, (6r-trans)-
averon-1
7-(2-(2-thienyl)acetylamido)cephalosporanic acid
hsdb 3024
KBIOSS_000550
KBIO2_000550
KBIO2_005686
KBIOGR_000738
KBIO3_001183
KBIO2_003118
NINDS_000097
SPECTRUM3_000332
SPECTRUM4_000269
SPBIO_000162
SPBIO_002858
PRESTWICK0_000719
PRESTWICK1_000719
SPECTRUM2_000121
CHEMBL617
CHEBI:124991 ,
7beta-(thiophen-2-ylacetamido)-3-acetoxymethyl-3,4-didehydrocepham-4-carboxylic acid
(6r,7r)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
A809447
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-((acetyloxy)methyl)-8-oxo-7-((2-thienylacetyl)amino)-, (6r,7r)-
r72lw146e6 ,
unii-r72lw146e6
cefalotin [inn]
C-2484
tox21_111579
dtxcid202783
dtxsid4022783 ,
cas-153-61-7
cefalotina
cefalotinum
cefalotine
AKOS015920120
HMS2267P23
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
cephalothin [mi]
cephalothin [vandf]
cefalotin [who-dd]
cephalothin [hsdb]
cephalothin [green book]
EPITOPE ID:116207
4KOX
S5294
gtpl8798
(6r,7r)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SCHEMBL2990
tox21_111579_1
NCGC00023699-09
cephalothin, antibiotic for culture media use only
XIURVHNZVLADCM-IUODEOHRSA-N
3-acetoxymethyl-7beta-(2-thienylacetamido)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid
7-(2-thienylacetamido)-cephalosporanic acid
3-acetoxymethyl-7beta-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
3-acetoxymethyl-7beta-(2-thienylacetamido) ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid
7-(2-thienylacetamido) cephalosporanic acid
51098-29-4
cid_6024
(6r,7r)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-oxidanylidene-7-(2-thiophen-2-ylethanoylamino)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
(6r,7r)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-[(1-oxo-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-keto-7-[[2-(2-thienyl)acetyl]amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
bdbm82898
C2769
mfcd00242614
CS-W008776
GS-3577
Z1741977144
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylicacid
SR-01000003118-3
sr-01000003118
SBI-0050271.P004
SCHEMBL20477170
(6r,7r)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
HY-B1275A
SDCCGSBI-0050271.P005
CCG-268605
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-8-oxo-7-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Q2736126
cephalotin acid
cephalothin 7-(2-thienylacetamido)cephalosporanic acid
(+-)-cephalothin
EN300-267043

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cephalothin is an effective antibiotic in the treatment of granulocytopenic infection and is widely used currently."	( Phlebitis associated with the intravenous use of cephapirin and cephalothin in the combination therapy of antibiotics. Abe, M; Chinen, T; Ichiba, K; Ikeda, K; Kobayashi, T; Kuraishi, Y; Meguro, S; Nagata, T, 1980)	1.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cephalothin has replaced methicillin as the routine prophylaxis for open-heart surgery at our institution."	( Antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery. Caswell, K; Lindsay, WG; Myerowitz, PD; Nicoloff, DM, 1977)	0.98

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cephalothin treated cases, 12 cases."	( [Penetration of cephaloridine and cephalothin into the cerebrospinal fluid-clinical study (author's transl)]. Ito, A; Kano, M; Kinjo, T; Ohta, H, 1975)	1.25
"Cephalothin-treated cells initiated secondary sites at a rate similar to that of the untreated cells, whereas the ampicillin-treated cells exhibited reduced rates of secondary site initiation."	( Relationship of shape to initiation of new sites of envelope growth in Streptococcus faecium cells treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. Daneo-Moore, L; Ferrero, M; Higgins, ML, 1986)	0.99
"Treatment with cephalothin caused emergence of a highly resistant subpopulation in aortic-valve vegetations."	( Endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits: expression of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in vivo and in vitro. Chambers, HF; Drake, TA; Hackbarth, CJ; Rusnak, MG; Sande, MA, 1984)	0.61

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Both antibiotics were found to be safe with respect to hematologic, renal, and hepatic function and did not differ significantly from each other."	( Safety of cefoxitin: an approach to the analysis of laboratory data. Brown, KR; Getson, AJ; Gould, AL; Martin, CM; Ricci, FM, )	0.13
" The combination of cephalosporins with aminoglycosides increases the potential toxic effect on the proximal tubule."	( Tubular-toxic effects of aminoglycosides and their combinations with cephalosporins. Bindzi, C; Breier, J; Hendus, J; Maske, L; Mondorf, AW; Scherberich, JE; Schoeppe, W, 1979)	0.26
" There was no statistical difference between the nephrotoxic and auditory toxic groups in patient age, total dose of aminoglycoside, initial creatinine level, duration of therapy, or concurrent use of furosemide or cephalothin."	( Relationship between aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity. Lietman, PS; Lipsky, JJ; Smith, CR, 1979)	0.45
" Thus, some instances of cephalothin nephropathy appear to be toxic in nature with a histologic picture of acute tubular necrosis, whereas others exhibit signs of hypersensitivity including rash, eosinophilia, and interstitial nephritis."	( The nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins: an overview. Barza, M, 1978)	0.56
"Human diploid fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DME) were exposed to different concentrations of 15 antibiotics to determine the limiting toxic concentration."	( Toxicity of antibiotics on cultured human skin fibroblasts. Byarugaba, W; Koske-Westphal, T; Passarge, E; Rüdiger, HW; Wöhler, W, 1975)	0.25
" These findings, together with the results of other reports, suggest that CEPR is a safe and useful drug in the treatment of infection as compared with CET."	( [Comparison of side effects of intravenous cephapirin and cephalothin with special reference to the incidence of phlebitis]. Konno, K; Oizumi, K; Watanabe, A, 1983)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A review is given on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of some cephalosporin antibiotics."	( On the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antibiotics. Andersson, KE, 1978)	0.26
"The pharmacokinetic distribution of 10 cephalosporin compounds, cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephaloglycine, cephalexin, cefazolin, cephapirin, cephradine, cephacentrile, cefoxitin, and cefamandole, in patients with various degrees of renal function was reviewed."	( Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in patients with normal or reduced renal function. Andriole, VT, 1978)	0.5
" In seven patients with normal renal function, the half-life of cephalothin was about 28 min and concentrations of deacetylcephalothin in serum were low."	( Pharmacokinetics of cephalothin: accumulation of its deacetylated metabolite in uremic patients. Nilsson-Ehle, I; Nilsson-Ehle, P, 1979)	0.82
"The pharmacokinetic properties of cefamandole were determined and compared with the properties of other cephalosporin agents."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of cefamandole and other cephalosporin compounds. Neu, HC, 1978)	0.26
" The effects of protein binding of some of the commonly used cephalosporins on antibacterial activity and several pharmacokinetic parameters are discussed in this communication."	( Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antibiotics: protein-binding considerations. Heald, AF; Schreiber, EC; Singhvi, SM, 1978)	0.26
" The serum concentration curves appeared to decline bi-exponentially, suggesting that a two-compartment model was most applicable for pharmacokinetic analysis; accordingly, the t((1/2)) of cefamandole was significantly longer when the serum peak was omitted from the analysis (0."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefamandole, cephapirin, and cephalothin in healthy subjects and effect of repeated dosing. Barza, M; Berger, S; Ernst, EC; Melethil, S, 1976)	0.5
" In a comparative evaluation of nine different cephalosporin antibiotics, not only the objective antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties are taken into consideration, but also the dosage recommendations of the manufacturers as subjective factors."	( [Cephalosporin antibiotics from microbiologic viewpoint. A comparison of antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties]. Naumann, P, 1975)	0.25
"In a cross-over study in 12 normal individuals, the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefalotin, cefradine and cefazolin were determined after intravenous injection of 1,000 mg of each substance."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and clinical experience with a new cephalosporin-derivative: cefazolin. Gebert, S; Hendrischk, A; Lode, H, 1975)	0.25
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the intravenous data based upon a two-compartment open model."	( Pharmacokinetic interpretation of blood levels and urinary excretion data for cefazolin and cephalothin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in humans. Rattie, ES; Ravin, LJ, 1975)	0.47
" The half-life of cefamandole in serum was 49 to 126 min."	( In vitro activity and pharmacokinetics in patients of cefamandole, a new cephalsoporin antibiotic. Carrizosa, J; Levison, ME; Shemonsky, NK, 1975)	0.25
" Various methods for estimating population pharmacokinetic parameters were compared."	( [Data averaging in pharmacokinetic analysis: the population pharmacokinetics of cephalothin and cefazolin]. Danilova, VI; Firsov, AA; Geodakian, SV, 1987)	0.5
" Pharmacokinetic parameters show only small differences between the single and repeated dosing, caused by changes of volume of distribution."	( [The pharmacokinetics of cephalothin following single and repeated administration in man]. Balogh, A; Meinhold, P; Peiker, G; Traeger, A, 1985)	0.57
" The decrease in the nephrotoxic effect was accompanied by a decrease in the sisomicin concentration in the blood serum and the site of the nephrotoxic effect (the kidney cortical layer) and the period of the aminoglycoside half-life in the kidney cortical layer under the action of cephalothin."	( [Decrease of sisomicin nephrotoxicity as affected by cephalothin: pharmacokinetic evaluation]. Berezina, EK; Egorenko, GG; Firsov, AA; Gagaeva, EV; Shtegel'man, LA, 1985)	0.7
" The pharmacokinetic disposition of amdinocillin and cephalothin was determined, when administered alone or in combination to healthy volunteers, as well as the penetration of amdinocillin into human cerebrospinal fluid."	( Amdinocillin pharmacokinetics. Simultaneous administration with cephalothin and cerebrospinal fluid penetration. Barriere, SL; Conte, JE; Gambertoglio, JG; Lin, ET, 1983)	0.75
" The biological half-life of cephalothin was 16 to 54 minutes; the half-life varied directly with increased species body weight, with the exception of the ducks studied."	( Pharmacokinetics of cephalothin and cephalexin in selected avian species. Bush, M; Carpenter, JW; Locke, D; Neal, LA, 1981)	0.88
"The article deals with the shortcomings of pharmacokinetic models in predicting tissue-concentrations of drugs."	( [Pharmacokinetic problems in surgery]. Fabian, W; Fellmann, E; Hropot, M; Muschaweck, R; Sörgel, F, 1980)	0.26
" Antibiotic activity levels in the serum and urine of 18 human volunteers after parenteral administration were higher and more prolonged in the case of cefoxitin, which had an average terminal serum half-life of about 45 min and a urinary recovery of about 90%."	( Cefoxitin and cephalothin: antimicrobial activity, human pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Brumfitt, W; Gilchrist, JN; Hamilton-Miller, JM; Kosmidis, J, 1974)	0.61
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" The method was used successfully in a pilot pharmacokinetic study with patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, receiving either intraperitoneal cefazolin or cefalothin."	( Determination of Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Human Plasma, Urine and Peritoneal Dialysate by UHPLC-MS/MS: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study in humans. Guerra Valero, YC; Lipman, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Wallis, SC, 2016)	0.43
" Antibiotic concentrations were quantified using a validated chromatographic method with pharmacokinetic analysis performed using a non-compartmental approach."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Patients Being Treated for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis. Kark, A; Lipman, J; Ranganathan, D; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Varghese, JM; Wallis, SC, )	0.13
" The median bioavailability for both antibiotics exceeded 92%, but other pharmacokinetic parameters varied markedly between antibiotics."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Patients Being Treated for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis. Kark, A; Lipman, J; Ranganathan, D; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Varghese, JM; Wallis, SC, )	0.13

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Gentamicin in combination with cephalothin (Gent-Ceph) or with chloramphenicol (Gent-Chloro) was utilized in the treatment of 55 infections occurring in 49 cancer patients."	( Therapy of infections in neutropenic patients: results with gentamicin in combination with cephalothin or chloramphenicol. Bodey, GP; Burgess, MA; Rodriguez, V; Valdivieso, M, 1976)	0.76
"Ticarcillin was used in combination with either cephalothin or gentamicin as initial empiric antibiotic therapy for 127 patient trials of suspected infection in granulocytopenic cancer patients."	( Ticarcillin in combination with cephalothin or gentamicin as empiric antibiotic therapy in granulocytopenic cancer patients. Fortner, CL; Hahn, DM; Landesman, S; Schimpff, SC; Standiford, HC; Wiernik, PH; Young, VM, 1976)	0.79
" Staphylococci isolated from the bones of therapeutic failures that had received rifampin alone or in combination with other antibiotics were highly resistant to rifampin (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than 250 mug/ml), whereas the organisms recovered from animals not receiving rifampin remained sensitive."	( Experimental osteomyelitis. IV. Therapeutic trials with rifampin alone and in combination with gentamicin, sisomicin, and cephalothin. Norden, CW, 1975)	0.46
"The in vitro activity of deferoxamine (DFO) combined with cephalothin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and fusidic acid, in the presence or absence of the reductant ascorbic acid (AA) was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus by a macrobroth dilution technique and killing curve kinetics."	( The antibacterial activity of a siderophore. 2. The influence of deferoxamine alone and combined with ascorbic acid on the activity of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Frimodt-Møller, N; Hartzen, SH; Thomsen, VF, 1991)	0.53
"The in vitro bactericidal interactions of three new extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, or ceftazidime) in combination with gentamicin or amikacin were compared against 40 recent nosocomial bloodstream Enterobacteriaceae isolates by the timed-kill curve technique."	( Enhanced in vitro bactericidal activity of amikacin or gentamicin combined with three new extended-spectrum cephalosporins against cephalothin-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bayer, AS; Eisenstadt, R; Morrison, JO, 1984)	0.47
"The comparative in vitro activity of cefoxitin, cephalothin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid in combination with the latter two agents against 13 isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum was evaluated by agar dilution susceptibility testing."	( In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to amoxicillin or cephalothin in combination with clavulanic acid. Cynamon, MH; Palmer, GS, 1983)	0.76
"The efficacy of rifampin alone and in combination with sisomicin, cephalothin, sisomicin and cephalothin, or trimethoprim was measured in an experimental model of chronic osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits."	( Experimental chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis in rabbits: treatment with rifampin alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Norden, CW, )	0.37
"The in vitro activity of mastoparan-AF, an amphipathic antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hornet venom of Vespa affinis, alone and in combination with various clinically used antibiotics, was investigated against 21 Escherichia coli isolates/strains."	( In vitro activity of mastoparan-AF alone and in combination with clinically used antibiotics against multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from animals. Hou, RF; Lin, CF; Lin, CH; Shia, WY; Shyu, CL; Tu, WC, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The bioavailability was calculated to be 100% for cefazolin and cephalothin."	( Pharmacokinetic interpretation of blood levels and urinary excretion data for cefazolin and cephalothin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in humans. Rattie, ES; Ravin, LJ, 1975)	0.71
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cephalothin given to 6 horse mares at a dosage level of 11 mg/kg of body weight IV or IM were investigated."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cephalothin in horse mares. Ruoff, WW; Sams, RA, 1985)	0.8
"The utilization of the membrane transport protein PEPT1 as a drug delivery system is a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs."	( Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides as substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1. Biegel, A; Brandsch, M; Gebauer, S; Hartrodt, B; Neubert, K; Thondorf, I, 2005)	0.33
" The median bioavailability for both antibiotics exceeded 92%, but other pharmacokinetic parameters varied markedly between antibiotics."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Patients Being Treated for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis. Kark, A; Lipman, J; Ranganathan, D; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Varghese, JM; Wallis, SC, )	0.13
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The penicillin type shows almost no improvement in bactericidal activity despite increasing the dosage above a certain level."	( [Bactericidal dosie-activity relationships with E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus (author's transl)]. Shah, PM; Stille, W, 1976)	0.26
" A dosage of 1 gm every four hours postoperatively did not lead to significant accumulation of the antibiotic."	( Cephalothin Prophylaxis and valve replacement. Austin, TW; Coles, JC; Doctor, A; McKechnie, P; Sandoval, W, 1977)	1.7
" Ototoxicity, highly correlated with a duration of greater than 19 days and a total dosage of greater than 25 g of amikacin sulfate, occurred in four patients (5."	( Empiric therapy for infections in granulocytopenic cancer patients: continuous infusion of amikacin plus cephalothin. Curtis, JE; Feld, R; Hasselback, R; Messner, HA; Tuffnell, PG, 1979)	0.47
" Three cases of biliary tract infections consisting of 2 cases of cholelithiasis and a case of carcinoma of bile duct were treated with 4 g/day dosage of CS-1170."	( [Laboratory and clinical studies CS-1170 (author's transl)]. Asahina, N; Ebara, M; Kanno, H; Kikuchi, N; Kobayashi, A; Ohto, M; Suzuki, Y, 1979)	0.26
" Drug dosage was altered to keep serum levels 1 h after administration between 5 and 10 mug/ml (gentamicin or tobramycin) or 20 and 40 mug/ml (amikacin)."	( Relationship between aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity. Lietman, PS; Lipsky, JJ; Smith, CR, 1979)	0.26
" Appropriate antimicrobial agents administered within the critical time period and in the recommended dosage to achieve adequate serum concentrations effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative wound and other systemic infections."	( Cephalothin-tobramycin as a preventive antibiotic combination. Crenshaw, CA; Derrick, HC; Glanges, E; Terrell, CJ; Turner, RJ; Webber, CE, 1978)	1.7
" All patients in the study received intravenous buffered cephalothin at a dosage of 1 g every six hours for a minimum of 48 hours."	( Double-blind study to investigate methods to prevent cephalothin-induced phlebitis. Foster, TS; Maddox, RR; Mazella, V; McKean, HE; Rapp, RP; Rush, DR, 1977)	0.75
"Data on 40 patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis treated with appropriate antibiotics in adequate dosage at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center hospitals between January 1961 and June 1975 were analyzed."	( Prognostic factors in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and results of therapy with a penicillin and gentamicin. Baird, IM; Watanakunakorn, C, )	0.13
" Repeated dosing had no effect on the peak serum levels, half-life, serum clearance, or apparent volume of distribution with one exception: peak serum levels of cephapirin were significantly lower after the sixteenth than after the first dose."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefamandole, cephapirin, and cephalothin in healthy subjects and effect of repeated dosing. Barza, M; Berger, S; Ernst, EC; Melethil, S, 1976)	0.5
" Based on the determination of serum levels of Tobramycin and Amoxycillin in newborns general recommendations for the dosage of these new antibiotics are given."	( [Antibiotics in newborns and young infants]. Simon, C, 1975)	0.25
" In a comparative evaluation of nine different cephalosporin antibiotics, not only the objective antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties are taken into consideration, but also the dosage recommendations of the manufacturers as subjective factors."	( [Cephalosporin antibiotics from microbiologic viewpoint. A comparison of antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties]. Naumann, P, 1975)	0.25
" The dosage of these drugs was much higher than the usual upper limbs, beta-aescin in doses as high as 10 to 20 fold above recommended maximum."	( [Acute renal failure after intracranial injury in three children: analysis of possible causes (author's transl)]. Brandis, M; Brodehl, J; Krohn, HP; Offner, G; Onken, D, 1975)	0.25
" Gentamicin, at 6 to 50 mg/kg per day, caused pathological changes which were dosage related and affected primarily the proximal tubular cells."	( Protective effect of cephalothin against gentamincin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Barza, M; Dellinger, P; Murphy, T; Pinn, V; Weinstein, L, 1976)	0.57
", but the results suggest that dosage regimens should be the same for the two antibiotics."	( Clinical pharmacology of cefamandole as compared with cephalothin. Engelking, ER; Fong, IW; Kirby, WM; Ralph, ED, 1976)	0.5
" No such abnormalities were evident after infusion of cefazolin or cephapirin at a maximal dosage of 200 mg/kg per day."	( Influence of cephalosporin antibiotics on blood coagulation and platelet function. Alfrey, CP; Bradshaw, MW; Brown, CH; Natelson, EA; Williams, TW, 1976)	0.26
" The recovery of these antibiotics in mixtures of injectable dosage forms is also reported."	( Zero-crossing derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of mixtures of cephaloridine and cephalothin in pure and dosage forms. Morelli, B, 1988)	0.49
" Contractile responses were measured and dose-response curves calculated by a polynomial regression analysis."	( Human myocardial responses to antibiotics: gentamicin, tobramycin and cephalothin. Hendry, PJ; Keon, WJ; Taichman, GC; Taichman, SJ, )	0.37
" The sustained plasma and bone levels achieved with ceforanide obviate the need for intraoperative dosing necessary with other agents."	( Comparison of ceforanide and cephalothin prophylaxis in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Brause, BD; Hirsch, JC; Roberts, RB; Salvati, EA; Soave, R, 1986)	0.56
" Our results show that the present dosage recommendations are valid also for repeated administrations."	( [The pharmacokinetics of cephalothin following single and repeated administration in man]. Balogh, A; Meinhold, P; Peiker, G; Traeger, A, 1985)	0.57
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cephalothin given to 6 horse mares at a dosage level of 11 mg/kg of body weight IV or IM were investigated."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cephalothin in horse mares. Ruoff, WW; Sams, RA, 1985)	0.8
" The patient's primary physician determined the indications for treatment, and the dosage was uniform for each route of administration."	( Double-blind comparison of cephacetrile with cephalothin-cephaloridine. Daood, M; Jackson, GG; Riff, LJ; Youssuf, M; Zimelis, VM, 1974)	0.51
" Although HPO alone is primarily bacteriostatic, combined therapy with antibiotics and HPO may be useful against bacterial infections because the therapeutic effectiveness of a maximal dosage of antibiotic could be increased."	( Enhancement of antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus by exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. Bornside, GH, 1967)	0.25
" Intensive dosing schedules were employed to achieve maximal therapeutic benefits with short-term treatment."	( Comparison of cefamandole, cephalothin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. Allen, JC; Beam, TR, 1980)	0.56
" Dosage regimens for cephalothin of 100 mg/kg 4 times a day and for cephalexin of 35 to 50 mg/kg 4 times a day would be expected to establish and maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations in large birds (pigeons, cranes, and emus)."	( Pharmacokinetics of cephalothin and cephalexin in selected avian species. Bush, M; Carpenter, JW; Locke, D; Neal, LA, 1981)	0.91
" The results of the determination of these antibiotics in mixtures of injectable dosage forms are also presented, together with their determinations in physiological serum and glucosed physiological serum."	( Analysis of binary mixtures of cephalothin and cefoxitin by using first-derivative spectrophotometry. García, LF; Lemus, JM; Murillo, JA, 1996)	0.58
" None of the patients dosed with piperacillin/tazobactam was adequately protected for the duration of their surgery and adequate prophylaxis was only evident in four of the nine patients administered cefalotin."	( Inadequate antimicrobial prophylaxis during surgery: a study of beta-lactam levels during burn debridement. Cross, SE; Dalley, AJ; Lipman, J; Roberts, MS; Rudd, M; Venkatesh, B, 2007)	0.34
"These results suggest a need to review antibiotic prophylaxis dosage regimens for burns surgery and the adoption of regimens that will minimize the risk of infection in this high-risk patient group."	( Inadequate antimicrobial prophylaxis during surgery: a study of beta-lactam levels during burn debridement. Cross, SE; Dalley, AJ; Lipman, J; Roberts, MS; Rudd, M; Venkatesh, B, 2007)	0.34
" Suggestions are given for a modified dosage schedule in uremic patients and during hemodialysis."	( Excretion of cephaloridine and cephalothin in patients with renal impairment. Atuk, N; Kunin, CM, 1966)	0.53
" did not appear to be influenced by dosing treatment including the control."	( Effect of antimicrobial dosage regimen on Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from feeder swine. Dargatz, DA; Fedorka-Cray, PJ; Straw, BE; Wagner, BA, 2008)	0.35
"As per international guidelines, IP cefalothin or cefazolin 15 mg/kg once daily was dosed with gentamicin in a 6-hour dwell to patients with PD-peritonitis during routine care."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Patients Being Treated for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis. Kark, A; Lipman, J; Ranganathan, D; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Varghese, JM; Wallis, SC, )	0.13
" The median duration that the unbound antibiotic concentration was above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was approximately 13% (plasma) and 25% (IP) for cefalothin, and 100% (plasma and IP) for cefazolin, of the dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Patients Being Treated for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis. Kark, A; Lipman, J; Ranganathan, D; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Varghese, JM; Wallis, SC, )	0.13
" However, with once-daily IP dosing, in contrast to cefazolin, there is a risk of subtherapeutic plasma and PD effluent cefalothin concentrations, so more frequent dosing may be required."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Cefalothin and Cefazolin in Patients Being Treated for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis. Kark, A; Lipman, J; Ranganathan, D; Roberts, DM; Roberts, JA; Varghese, JM; Wallis, SC, )	0.13

Role	Description
antimicrobial agent	A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
antibacterial drug	A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cephalosporin	A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.
carboxylic acid	A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
thiophenes	Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.
azabicycloalkene
semisynthetic derivative	Any organic molecular entity derived from a natural product by partial chemical synthesis.
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen	Any beta-lactam antibiotic which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0040	23.8416	100.0000	AID485290
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	Giardia intestinalis	Potency	28.1171	0.1409	11.1940	39.8107	AID2451
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	0.6310	35.7641	100.0000	AID504339
endonuclease IV	Escherichia coli	Potency	8.9125	0.7079	12.4324	31.6228	AID2565
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	44.6684	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
WRN	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	0.1683	31.2583	100.0000	AID651768
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	56.2341	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.7170	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624170
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.2855	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460; AID1468
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.5454	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.6822	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.2090	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075; AID743077; AID743079
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0018	15.6638	39.8107	AID894
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	63.0957	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4889	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210; AID743228
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	112.2020	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540263
flap endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.7946	0.1337	25.4129	89.1251	AID588795
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7781	0.1683	16.4040	67.0158	AID720504
snurportin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	112.2020	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540263
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.1300	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743219
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.2189	0.1000	28.9256	213.3130	AID588591; AID720502
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.3129	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590; AID720496
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.9647	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	0.1710	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479148
phosphoglycerate kinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	35.4813	0.0757	8.4742	29.0628	AID602233
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform b	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7.2800	1.2900	8.7555	41.0000	AID602386
carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.7860	2.0580	8.2052	41.3880	AID540297
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	410.0000	1.6000	5.7440	10.0000	AID678786; AID681363
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	33.3000	3.0200	3.0200	3.0200	AID1209730
Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	10,000.0000	0.1800	3.3933	9.8000	AID238858; AID681115
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	8,308.8198	0.7943	4.2210	8.0000	AID612540
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2200	0.0300	3.2043	7.8200	AID681377
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	8,300.0000	3.0000	6.4778	8.5000	AID681114
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0400	0.0400	4.2297	9.0000	AID681373
Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2000	0.2000	2.5771	6.1500	AID681569
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	48.0000	3.0900	5.5400	9.1000	AID681344
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Beta-lactamase	Citrobacter freundii	Km	9.0000	5.0000	7.0000	9.0000	AID405084
Beta-lactamase	Citrobacter gillenii	Km	62.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID285442
Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	Km	30.0000	1.1000	4.7667	9.4000	AID394487
Beta-lactamase	Aeromonas caviae	Km	76.0000	7.0000	7.0000	7.0000	AID374363
Beta-lactamase	Shouchella clausii	Km	15.0000	0.0100	3.0050	6.0000	AID373209
Beta-lactamase	Acinetobacter baumannii	Km	120.0000	3.0000	5.6667	9.0000	AID567279
Beta-lactamase	Burkholderia cenocepacia	Km	100.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID541022
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	10.0000	8.0000	9.3333	10.0000	AID563972
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	4.5000	4.5000	7.0000	9.4000	AID520385
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	6.2000	5.5000	7.8750	9.9000	AID520386
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	2.0000	0.3000	2.0063	8.0000	AID495661
Beta-lactamase	Aeromonas allosaccharophila	Km	55.0000	1.5000	6.3000	10.0000	AID584846
Metallo-beta-lactamase	Stutzerimonas stutzeri	Km	6.0000	3.5000	4.7500	6.0000	AID518728
Beta-lactamase	Acinetobacter baumannii	Km	210.0000	6.0000	7.6667	10.0000	AID567280
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	Km	1.0000	1.0000	2.2000	3.4000	AID239777
Beta-lactamase	Enterobacter cloacae	Km	9.0000	2.9000	6.4364	9.8000	AID239776
Beta-lactamase SHV-1	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	40.0000	4.2000	4.2500	4.3000	AID519746; AID519983
Beta-lactamase OXA-1	Escherichia coli	Km	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID239767
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	Km	85.0000	0.5000	4.2444	8.0000	AID546426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Km	62.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID285442
Beta-lactamase TEM	Escherichia coli	Km	273.5000	5.4000	6.3000	7.2000	AID238095; AID239768
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase	Chryseobacterium indologenes	Km	60.0000	3.0000	3.0000	3.0000	AID562337
Beta-lactamase	Acinetobacter pittii	Km	6.7300	0.0200	2.1814	6.7300	AID555223
Beta-lactamase	Acinetobacter pittii	Km	139.2400	0.1800	1.3683	3.8500	AID555225
Beta-lactamase	Acinetobacter pittii	Km	148.2700	0.1300	1.5250	4.5400	AID555227
Beta-lactamase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Westhampton	Km	122.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID556340
Efflux transporter	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport	Km	5.1000	0.1000	3.8750	10.0000	AID540966
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	44.0000	5.0000	7.5000	10.0000	AID563976
Beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	4.4000	0.1000	3.0250	7.3000	AID540967
Beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	9.0000	5.0000	7.1667	10.0000	AID519982
Metallo-beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	Km	15.0000	2.0000	6.8571	10.0000	AID583083; AID583084; AID583085; AID583094
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas luteola	Km	21.0000	7.0000	7.5000	8.0000	AID495635
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	50.0000	0.5000	2.7500	5.0000	AID546429
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	9.0000	AID239776
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Km	33.5000	1.6000	3.8000	6.0000	AID374025; AID548044
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	11.0000	2.0000	6.6500	9.4000	AID531315
Beta-lactamase VIM-1	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Km	135.0000	4.0000	4.0000	4.0000	AID530340
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide import across plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide import across plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidoglycan transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
renal absorption	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide import across plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide import across plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
antibacterial innate immune response	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule development	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
renal tubular secretion	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic process	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)
proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide:proton symporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide:proton symporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Mus musculus (house mouse)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (1155)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID555448	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 243 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID529303	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter genospecies 3 isolate Ac057 expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-58 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Characterization of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase oxa-58 in an Acinetobacter genospecies 3 clinical isolate.
AID520383	Antimicrobial activity Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 by agar macrodilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID424330	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister invisus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID278230	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21 acrAB::Kan	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID583085	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) wild-type VIM-2 beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID520978	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pCOL plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID322316	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 9 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID564894	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring marR mutant gene at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID555259	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 90 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID562338	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium indologenes 597 metallo-beta-lactamase IND-6 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by Michaelis-Menten equation	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID1148428	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID557575	Drug level in subcutaneous interstitial fluid of healthy human at 1 g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion measured after 240 min	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID585178	Activity of Beta-lactamase GES-5 E104, S170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID1538434	Growth inhibition of ciprofloxacin-susceptible Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] incubated for 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID585397	Activity at Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1SML metallo-beta-lactamase L1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID424320	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister micraerophilus by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID555237	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 21 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID524258	Activity at Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID242857	Steady state kinetic as limiting rate of TEM-2 beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID242859	Steady state kinetic as limiting rate of Staphylococcus aureus PC1 Beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID208458	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID727654	Ratio of Kcat to Km for wild type Beta-lactamase SHV-1 in Escherichia coli DH10B	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID495793	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID495810	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli harbouring plasmid BK-CMV expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID547996	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237C mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID522024	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pCF containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID18271	Km against class A PCI beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID583088	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli XL1-Blue wild-type IMP-1 beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID520724	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii phenotype 2 beta-lactamase assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID563312	Apparent volume of distribution in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID681569	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Estrone sulfate uptake in OAT4-expressing S2 cells	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-08, Volume: 438, Issue:3	Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID285441	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B after 18 hrs by disk diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID322318	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 9 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent nonsusceptible isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID422498	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 penicillinase Cad-1 relative to benzyl-penicillin	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID1124574	Antimicrobial activity against Providencia rettgeri 21205 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID285255	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CF1179 isolate expressing CMT and TEM1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID727655	Activity of Beta-lactamase SHV-1 K234R protein mutant in Escherichia coli DH10B by Henri-Michaelis-Menten steady state equation analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID242844	Rate of catalysis against TEM-1 beta-lactamase	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 48, Issue:3	Molecular dynamics simulations of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase complexed with cephalothin.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID548016	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237D mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID544495	Ratio of MIC for Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 to MIC for Escherichia coli TOP10	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID555234	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1134378	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes X68 assessed as growth inhibition	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Hydrolysis of 3-chloro-3-cephems. Intramolecular nucleophilic attack in cefaclor.
AID285266	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM151	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID564888	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene, Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene and plasmid pMPM at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID372619	Activity of Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-1 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID546428	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-3 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID495807	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli C600 2878 transconjugate expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID522019	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae isolate 1 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522389	Activity of Aeromonas caviae Beta-lactamase CAV1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID554990	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555469	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID405082	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 33587-TC9 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Biochemical characterization of PER-2 and genetic environment of blaPER-2.
AID554991	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 67 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID530288	Antimicrobial activity against PR-39-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 DA6192 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Mechanism and fitness costs of PR-39 resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2.
AID524401	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type C using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555454	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 52 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID522388	Activity of Aeromonas enteropelogenes Beta-lactamase TRU1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID558319	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter coli by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID495840	Hydrolytic activity of beta-lactamase VIM-1 in Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing pBCLL/39H by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID422497	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 penicillinase Cad-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID587970	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 N104D mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1209731	Drug uptake by mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells at 100 uM after 25 mins by HPLC/UV detection method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID279184	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID585183	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase GES-2 E104, N170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID544497	Ratio of MIC for Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-5 to MIC for Escherichia coli TOP10	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID1149737	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase producing benzylpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Russell assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID394487	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase ACC4 by UV spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID541022	Activity at Burkholderia cenocepacia 07-34 beta-lactamase PenB1 expressed in Escherichia coli Top10 by UV-spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID587985	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSD6 mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID564890	Antibacterial activity against ompF-deficient Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene and Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID1136469	Antibacterial activity against penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HH 127 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID326267	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha carrying pSCO1 encoding SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID555468	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID562220	Antimicrobial activity against Desulfovibrio sp. by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Susceptibilities of 23 Desulfovibrio isolates from humans.
AID547761	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 expressing beta-lactamase KPC-2 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID1147675	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 12176 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID735976	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli after 24 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID278262	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS14 acrAB::Kan with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID600832	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 6051 after 24 hrs by serial dilution method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID1124565	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus faecalis 20688 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID285257	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CL1295 isolate expressing pBK-TEM-151 and CMT by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID285442	Activity of Citrobacter gillenii CIP 106783 Beta-lactamase GIL1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID585401	Activity at Chryseobacterium meningosepticum NCTC 10585 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID495791	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate PF-1 expressing beta-lactamase BIC-1 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID243025	Specificity constant as the ratio of kcat to Km for beta-lactamase enzymes	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID735977	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis after 24 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID394496	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring pB-acc1 plasmid by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID396031	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant AcrAB-TolC efflux pump deficient Enterobacter cloacae EcdeltaacrA isolate expressing pACYC184 plasmid by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID498872	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii B9 containing carbapenemase blaOXA-23 gene assessed as growth inhibition by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	First isolation of the blaOXA-23 carbapenemase gene from an environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolate.
AID18273	Km against class C P99 beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID520979	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KG2505 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID555450	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID587960	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 A237A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID495804	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 2878 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID322322	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA5905 isolates expressing CTX-M-15 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID735980	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum at 1 mg/mL after 48 hrs by agar disc diffusion method	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID548020	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237E mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID587962	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 N104A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID535718	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-B2 S287N mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID564893	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring marR mutant gene at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID544430	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CU164A harboring beta-lactamase L2 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID510588	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID373211	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) relative to benzyl-penicillin	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID530347	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 harboring pCTX-M carrying blaCTX-M-15 and pQep plasmid carrying qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID67862	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Enterobacter aerogenes	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID547777	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237G mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID544426	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100A harboring beta-lactamase L1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID555462	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 67 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1136472	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 12176 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID555246	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 60 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1149742	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID394495	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring pB-acc4 plasmid by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID532027	Antimicrobial activity against Kluyvera georgiana 14751 expressing beta-lactamase CTX-M-78 obtained from bloodstream of patient by disk diffusion method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Novel chromosome-encoded CTX-M-78 beta-lactamase from a Kluyvera georgiana clinical isolate as a putative origin of CTX-M-25 subgroup.
AID278240	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-3 with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID548475	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm, graRm mutant gene after 48 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555227	Activity of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 ADC-18	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID524396	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase negative Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID340889	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM83 by serial dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cytoplasmic-membrane anchoring of a class A beta-lactamase and its capacity in manifesting antibiotic resistance.
AID325444	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID372607	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-158 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID545145	Ratio of Kcat to Km of CMY-2 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID587959	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 N104D mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID340725	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-1 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID278258	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS9 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID556340	Activity of Salmonella enterica serotype Westhampton beta-lactamase CTX-M-53	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID325448	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID600835	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 16417 after 48 hrs by serial dilution method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID1124325	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID1124332	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID494628	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae R6	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Propenylamide and propenylsulfonamide cephalosporins as a novel class of anti-MRSA beta-lactams.
AID583087	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli XL1-Blue VIM-2 A64W mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID524244	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID522025	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-150 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID548024	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237H mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID326271	Activity of Escherichia coli K12 beta-lactamase CARB1 relative to penicillin G	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID563314	Terminal half life in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID521994	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pBb containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID520730	Activity of Escherichia coli DH10B beta-lactamase assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID372613	Activity of Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID285259	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-29 and ESBL by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID567283	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter baumannii ADC-33 beta-lactamase to Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter baumannii ADC-11 beta-lactamase	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID558318	Antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni by NCCLS agar doubling dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter species: prevalence of Cj0299 (bla OXA-61) and evidence for a novel beta-Lactamase in C. jejuni.
AID322320	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA5776 isolates expressing CTX-M-14 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID660261	Ratio of MIC for wild type Escherichia coli JC7623 to MIC for acrAB-deficient Escherichia coli JZM120	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52	Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics.
AID203137	In vitro antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens strain 20019	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID563316	Renal clearance in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID209466	In vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes strain 9604	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID1308881	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at 30 ug per disk after 18 to 24 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Antimycobacterial activity of new N(1)-[1-[1-aryl-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-oxo]propyl]-pyridine-2-carboxamidrazone derivatives.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1209736	Inhibition of human OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID424324	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister micraerophilus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID587966	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 F160T mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID285264	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha TC1179 isolate expressing TEM-1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID520386	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa COL-1 metallo-beta lactamase VIM-2 by spectrometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID69810	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Escherichia coli	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID239776	Km for Enterobacter cloacae P99 Beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID278244	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-4 with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID522027	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID727653	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase SHV-1 K234R protein mutant in Escherichia coli DH10B	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID575417	Antimicrobial activity against anrB-deficient Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e at 30 ug after 16 hrs by disk diffusion assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	The ABC transporter AnrAB contributes to the innate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin, bacitracin, and various beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID522010	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 harboring pBIC containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID587967	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 G232A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID285268	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM152	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID325445	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli C921-61 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID495797	Activity at Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 beta-lactamase BIC-1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B carrying pSau1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID520883	Activity of Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 beta-lactamase OXA-114a expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 assessed as compound hydrolysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID555226	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 ADC-16	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID529304	Antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii isolate Ac058 expressing beta-lactamase Oxa-58 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Characterization of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase oxa-58 in an Acinetobacter genospecies 3 clinical isolate.
AID555223	Activity of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 ADC-14	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID405081	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CAG12177 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Biochemical characterization of PER-2 and genetic environment of blaPER-2.
AID520727	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase OXA-97 assessed as specific activity per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID1149741	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID278228	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID587971	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 A237A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID372611	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID564891	Antibacterial activity against ompF-deficient Escherichia coli AG100 at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID324361	Activity of Acinetobacter johnsonii SCO1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID548262	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237A mutant by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID422496	Activity of Carnobacterium divergens BM4489 penicillinase Cad-1 assessed as initial rate of hydrolysis by spectrophotometer	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.
AID545144	Activity of CMY-2 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID162882	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Proteus mirabilis strain 2830	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID555210	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID20146	Kcat/Km against class A PCI beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID544421	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CU164A expressing beta-lactamase TEM-1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID125411	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Morganella morganii strain 2833	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID374363	Activity of Aeromonas caviae A324R metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-19 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by computerized microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID587965	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 C69A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID530340	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM-1 beta-lactamase	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Characterization of the new metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13 and its integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Spain.
AID555453	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 21 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1134380	Antibacterial activity against Shigella sp. N9 assessed as growth inhibition	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Hydrolysis of 3-chloro-3-cephems. Intramolecular nucleophilic attack in cefaclor.
AID585186	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase GES-13 K104, N170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID206307	In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strain 9537 + 50% serum	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID278238	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-2 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID583084	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) VIM-2 W87F mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID520382	Antimicrobial activity Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring bacteriophage T4 plasmid alpha omega by agar macrodilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID520731	Activity of Escherichia coli DH10B beta-lactamase OXA-97 assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID285270	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM36	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID495634	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID587728	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 IMP-1-pLBII after 18 hrs by microdilution broth method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID560224	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium R200 expressing stm3031 gene deletion mutant by CLSI M7-A7 agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Outer membrane protein STM3031 (Ail/OmpX-like protein) plays a key role in the ceftriaxone resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID396028	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant AcrAB-TolC efflux pump deficient Enterobacter cloacae EcdeltaacrA isolate by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID583098	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue harboring pLBII-VIM-2 plasmid expressing VIM-2 beta-lactamase by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID555236	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method in efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID20148	Kcat/Km against class C P99 beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID1147677	Antibacterial activity against indole positive Proteus morganii 179 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID545143	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae cephalosporinase CMY-36 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID530600	Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas sp. isolate A72 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID519631	Activity of Brachyspira pilosicoli beta-lactamase OXA-63 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of OXA-63, a new class D beta-lactamase from Brachyspira pilosicoli BM4442.
AID562331	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring metallo-beta-lactamase IND-6 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID278270	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS38 acrAB::Kan with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID735983	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis at 1 mg/mL after 24 hrs by agar disc diffusion method	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID584839	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID555268	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 128 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1124583	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 15130 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID521997	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp4A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID524398	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase negative Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID1133399	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella marcescens after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID584848	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER2	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID372614	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID530816	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1133394	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID1124577	Antimicrobial activity against Serratia marcescens 20019 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID424329	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister propionicifaciens assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID520878	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans LOL by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID530349	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring pQep plasmid carrying qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID372609	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-35 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID495632	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas luteola expressing blaLUT-2 to blaLUT-6 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID557574	Drug level in subcutaneous interstitial fluid at nonburnt site of patient at 1 g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion measured after 240 min	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID1124575	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 20468 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID555211	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID535722	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-A S287N mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID340888	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM83 harboring pACYC184-TEM by serial dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cytoplasmic-membrane anchoring of a class A beta-lactamase and its capacity in manifesting antibiotic resistance.
AID522393	Ratio of Kcat Km for Aeromonas caviae Beta-lactamase CAV1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID1124576	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus morganii 15153 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID285439	Antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter gillenii CIP 106783 after 18 hrs by disk diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID585181	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase GES-1 E104, G170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID555238	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 21 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID510596	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus after 48 hrs by microdilution assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID544434	Antimicrobial activity against translocase tatC-deficient Escherichia coli B1LK0A harboring beta-lactamase AmpC by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID563970	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring beta-lactamase NDM-1 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID544443	Antimicrobial activity against mreB-deficient Escherichia coli YLS-3 harboring beta-lactamase L2 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID554988	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID587732	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID372620	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID1133389	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID494625	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 887 expressing beta-lactamase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Propenylamide and propenylsulfonamide cephalosporins as a novel class of anti-MRSA beta-lactams.
AID520972	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pBC633 plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID20147	Kcat/Km against class A TEM beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID1134376	Hydrolytic stability of the compound assessed as beta-lactum ring opening rate at pH 10 at 35 degC by UV method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Hydrolysis of 3-chloro-3-cephems. Intramolecular nucleophilic attack in cefaclor.
AID285440	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing GIL1 after 18 hrs by disk diffusion method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID374362	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Aeromonas caviae A324R metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-19 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by computerized microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	First occurrence of an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase in Aeromonas caviae: IMP-19 in an isolate from France.
AID522021	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae isolate 2 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID524402	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type B using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID531600	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pE1 plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-11 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID600840	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at 1 mg/ml after 24 hrs by agar-diffusion method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID575340	Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e at 30 ug after 16 hrs by disk diffusion assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	The ABC transporter AnrAB contributes to the innate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin, bacitracin, and various beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID372605	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BER1 producing beta-lactamase pI 5.2 and pI 5.4 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID315582	Inhibition of AmpC beta lactamase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	Structure-based optimization of cephalothin-analogue boronic acids as beta-lactamase inhibitors.
AID535710	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-B2 S287N mutant protein by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID524395	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555265	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID564228	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase OXA-143	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID529582	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bradyrhizobium japonicum beta-Lactamase BJP-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID285265	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-CMV by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID521998	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp5A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and SHV-5 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID522394	Ratio of Kcat Km for Escherichia coli K-12 Beta-lactamase AmpC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID521993	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpB expressing OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID524400	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type B using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555458	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 60 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID394497	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring pBCSK plasmid by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID373210	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID563318	Plasma protein binding in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID555474	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID736388	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis at 1 mg/mL after 24 hrs by agar disc diffusion method	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID324362	Ratio of kcat to Km for Acinetobacter johnsonii SCO1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID206390	Compound was tested for photoinhibition of Staphylococcus aureus(CIP 53156)	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-03, Volume: 8, Issue:21	Nitroglycosylated meso-arylporphyrins as photoinhibitors of gram positive bacteria.
AID1124572	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis 9900 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID583096	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue harboring pLBII-VIM-2 plasmid expressing VIM-2 W87F mutant beta-lactamase by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID582924	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) VIM-2 W87A mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID531315	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamase VIM-2 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Kinetic characterization of VIM-7, a divergent member of the VIM metallo-beta-lactamase family.
AID563974	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 beta-lactamase IMP1 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID529579	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Legionella gormanii ATCC 33297T beta-Lactamase FEZ-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID548012	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237S mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID555470	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1133384	Antibacterial activity against benzylpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID727797	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing wild type Beta-lactamase SHV-1 by CLSI agar dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID531599	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp2792 expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID555252	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 67 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1124330	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 233	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID587981	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDD240S mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID372615	Activity of Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID278246	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-4 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID405084	Activity of Citrobacter freundii PER2 beta lactamase	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Biochemical characterization of PER-2 and genetic environment of blaPER-2.
AID519634	Ratio of Kcat to Km for beta-lactamase FUS1 assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of OXA-63, a new class D beta-lactamase from Brachyspira pilosicoli BM4442.
AID424319	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister pneumosintes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID555478	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID585177	Activity of Beta-lactamase GES-2 E104, N170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID519737	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamase SHV-1 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID529578	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium meningosepticum beta-Lactamase GOB-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1148792	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 infected in sc dosed mouse assessed as host protection administered at 1 and 5 hrs post-infection	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID396033	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant AcrAB-TolC efflux pump deficient Enterobacter cloacae EcdeltaacrA isolate expressing pBGS18 plasmid by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID522008	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pI-2 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID555219	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID279182	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae S3 isolate by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID279183	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing recombinant beta lactamase LAP1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID541023	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Burkholderia cenocepacia 07-34 beta-lactamase PenB1 expressed in Escherichia coli Top10	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Naturally occurring Class A ss-lactamases from the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
AID373055	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID495657	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing recombinant beta-lactamase BEL-1 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID531605	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-11	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID1124569	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 9537 by two fold serial dilution technique in presence of 50% serum	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID544423	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100A harboring beta-lactamase CTX-M-14 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID209781	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Streptococcus pyogenes	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID727795	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing Beta-lactamase SHV-1 K234A protein mutant by CLSI agar dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID543431	Activity at Shigella sonnei UIH-1 beta-lactamase CTX-M-64 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Novel chimeric beta-lactamase CTX-M-64, a hybrid of CTX-M-15-like and CTX-M-14 beta-lactamases, found in a Shigella sonnei strain resistant to various oxyimino-cephalosporins, including ceftazidime.
AID519747	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-72	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID584835	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 expressing beta-lactamase PER6 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID372608	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-12 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID585400	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Fluoribacter gormanii 1K07 metallo-beta-lactamase FEZ-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID1134377	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae X26 assessed as growth inhibition	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Hydrolysis of 3-chloro-3-cephems. Intramolecular nucleophilic attack in cefaclor.
AID520969	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae GR by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID495792	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harbouring recombinant plasmid pSau1 expressing beta-lactamase BIC-1 from Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 by Etest	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID555240	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 52 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID557573	Drug level in subcutaneous interstitial fluid at burnt site of patient at 1 g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion measured after 240 min	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID560133	Ratio of Kcat to Km for recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID531603	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID660263	Ratio of MIC for wild type Salmonella typhimurium SH5014 to MIC for Salmonella typhimurium SH7616 harboring missense mutation in acrA/acrB gene by two-fold serial dilution method	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52	Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics.
AID555209	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 90 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID510592	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens S 97 after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID285269	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM28	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID207836	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Staphylococcus aureus strain 2868	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID340887	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM83 harboring pACYC184-ATEM by serial dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cytoplasmic-membrane anchoring of a class A beta-lactamase and its capacity in manifesting antibiotic resistance.
AID1148429	Antibacterial activity against Proteus morganii 179 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID544425	Antimicrobial activity against translocase tatC-deficient Escherichia coli B1LK0A harboring beta-lactamase CTX-M-14 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID522387	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID548261	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237A mutant by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID495808	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha 2878 transformant expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID530602	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID555267	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 128 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID324358	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID547801	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237W mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID278251	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS1 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID520974	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pBC2303 expressing blaKPC gene plasmid by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID372626	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12 to Kcat/Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID546429	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-5 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID429062	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis JIE273 expressing 16S rRNA methyltransferase RmtC	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	RmtC 16S rRNA methyltransferase in Australia.
AID524404	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type A using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID546431	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-2 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID17476	Kcat against class A PCI beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID278257	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS9 gyrA+ with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID524256	Activity at Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID520970	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pNGR plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID557577	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus infected burn patient at nonburnt tissue site at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID1148791	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID278235	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-1 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID584846	Activity at Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID546426	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-1 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID585175	Activity of Beta-lactamase GES-1 E104, G170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID1148790	Antibacterial activity against Shigella paradysenteriae HH 117 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID548471	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 after 48 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID555471	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID325443	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K10 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID563302	Cmax in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID1133563	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris ATCC 9484 by threefold dilution agar inclusion method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Synthesis of cephalosporin-4-aldehydes.
AID554986	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 21 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID372603	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BER1 producing beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID278254	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS3 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID560132	Activity of recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay relative to benzylpenicillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID1148787	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID557578	T>MIC in healthy human at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID239768	Km for TEM-2 beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID1209730	Inhibition of mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake over 20 mins	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID587963	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 D240S mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID429079	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae Greece producing KPC-2 beta-lactamase by E test method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece.
AID94045	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID521992	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pA-1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID519746	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID560488	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml CMY-30 producing Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid AC-cmy30 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID535707	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-B2 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID394494	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring pACYC184 plasmid by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID548028	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237K mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID278236	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-2 with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID518521	Antimicrobial activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena CRBIP 17.39 after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID555239	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 21 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID735978	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis after 24 hrs by by microdilution susceptibility test	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID17477	Kcat against class A TEM beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID520971	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 633 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID563309	Half life in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID535723	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-A S287N mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID560490	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid ACYC184 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID1124326	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID520725	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii MAD beta-lactamase assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID544515	Metabolic stability in Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-4 assessed as hydrolysis rate per mg of extracts at 100 uM after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID555212	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 128 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID518728	Activity of Pseudomonas stutzeri beta-lactamase DIM-1 by UV-spectrophotometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID555446	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID340728	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-9 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID372623	Ratio of Kcat for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-1 to Kcat for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID374026	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC-1 beta lactamase expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by SDS-PAGE	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Biochemical Characterization of SFC-1, a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase.
AID600924	Antifungal activity against Botrytis fabae ATCC 14862 at 1 mg/ml after 48 hrs by agar-diffusion method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID531607	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-11	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID530339	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM-13 beta-lactamase	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Characterization of the new metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13 and its integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Spain.
AID528606	Activity of Escherichia coli 2138 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID544432	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100A harboring beta-lactamase AmpC by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID1124571	Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15097 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID495798	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-1 beta-lactamase BIC-1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B using nitrocefin hydrolysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID519743	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae INSRA1229 harboring SHV-72 Ile8Phe, Ala146Val, and Lys234Arg mutations by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID1148427	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae SK&F 1200 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID396026	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae EcDC64 isolate expressing AcrAB-TolC efflux pump by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID1538438	Prodrug activation in Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] expressing TEM-116 assessed as bacterial TEM-116 mediated compound hydrolysis at 50 uM incubated for 60 mins by 1H-NMR spectra analysis	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID1133395	Antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID587964	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 D240A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID374024	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Enterobacter cloacae IMI1 beta lactamase Escherichia coli DH5alpha by SDS-PAGE	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Biochemical Characterization of SFC-1, a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase.
AID206308	In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strain 9606 (Penicillin resistant)	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID585402	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium meningosepticum NCTC 10585 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID1124324	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae I	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID560702	Activity of Escherichia coli MC4100 Beta-Lactamase CMY-2	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID1147673	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID1625543	Antimycobacterial activity against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis mc2 6220 harboring panCD/lysA deletion mutant incubated for 7 days measured at OD580 = 0.01 by two-fold serial dilution method	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Novel Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID565061	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID555476	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 243 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1149736	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Oxford assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID544420	Antimicrobial activity against mreB-deficient Escherichia coli YLS-3 expressing beta-lactamase TEM-1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID531601	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pSC1 plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID584847	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID285267	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM29	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID563977	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 beta-lactamase VIM2	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID565056	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene and Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID544438	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100A expressing beta-lactamase TEM-1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID340730	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase TEM-ES by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID519981	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID374022	Activity of Serratia fonticola UTAD54 SFC1 beta lactamase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by SDS-PAGE	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Biochemical Characterization of SFC-1, a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase.
AID530601	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid pAM carrying beta-lactamase PER-1 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase PER-1 in an environmental Aeromonas media isolate from Switzerland.
AID372606	Antibacterial activity against rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli C600 transconjugant producing beta-lactamase of pI 5.2 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID520977	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID563976	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 beta-lactamase VIM2 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID535716	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-B2	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID206306	In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strain 9537	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID564885	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene, Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene, plasmid pET21b carrying ompF gene and pACT7SP at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID555250	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID326268	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID373054	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) carrying pET9a expressing Bacillus clausii beta-lactamase BCL1 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID585180	Activity of Beta-lactamase GES-13 K104, N170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID565060	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID735975	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 24 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID584836	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER6 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID495839	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID548263	Selectivity index, Ratio of Kcat/Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237S mutant to ratio of Kcat/Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID555447	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 243 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID524259	Ratio of Kcat to Km in Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID518519	Antimicrobial activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena isolate NOR after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID529580	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Caulobacter crescentus beta-Lactamase CAU-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID548258	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID519982	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-55	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID1148430	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID555460	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1209734	Inhibition of mouse OAT1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID522187	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpL expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID424331	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister propionicifaciens assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID562334	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid pBC-SK after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID563971	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli NF-NDM-1 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID560222	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 01-4 by CLSI M7-A7 agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Outer membrane protein STM3031 (Ail/OmpX-like protein) plays a key role in the ceftriaxone resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID495655	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 51170 expressing beta-lactamase BEL-1 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID372622	Ratio of Kcat for Escherichia coli CF0042 producing beta-lactamase TEM-35 to Kcat for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID564887	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene, Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene and plasmid pMPM carrying ompF gene at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID1148424	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis HH 34358 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID405086	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Citrobacter freundii PER2 beta lactamase relative to cephalothin	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Biochemical characterization of PER-2 and genetic environment of blaPER-2.
AID555258	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 90 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555253	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 67 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID278239	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-2 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID555266	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1147674	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 4200 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID325446	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID563315	Terminal half life in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID560701	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli MC4100 Beta-Lactamase CMY-30 harboring Val211?Gly211 mutation	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID562337	Activity at Chryseobacterium indologenes 597 metallo-beta-lactamase IND-6 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by Michaelis-Menten equation	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID1538440	Prodrug activation in Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] expressing beta-lactamase CTX-M-1 assessed as bacterial CTX-M-1-mediated compound hydrolysis at 100 uM incubated for 60 mins by 1H-NMR spectra analysis	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID1133398	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella schottmuelleri after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID394488	Activity of Hafnia alvei beta-lactamase ACC-1 assessed as nmol of compound hydrolysis per ug of protein	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID1134379	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella heidelberg X514 assessed as growth inhibition	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Hydrolysis of 3-chloro-3-cephems. Intramolecular nucleophilic attack in cefaclor.
AID681373	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Estrone sulfate uptake in OAT3-expressing S2 cells	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-08, Volume: 438, Issue:3	Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID524397	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible beta-lactamase positive Staphylococcus aureus using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID583089	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli XL1-Blue wild-type VIM-2 beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID495654	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 531 expressing beta-lactamase BEL-2 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID562222	Antimicrobial activity against Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Essex 6 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Susceptibilities of 23 Desulfovibrio isolates from humans.
AID1136474	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID518729	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas stutzeri beta-lactamase DIM-1by UV-spectrophotometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Characterization of DIM-1, an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands.
AID560117	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID555445	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1538435	Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] expressing ESBL TEM-116 incubated for 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID544437	Antimicrobial activity against translocase tatC-deficient Escherichia coli B1LK0A harboring empty plasmid by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID560489	Antibacterial activity against 5 x 10'5 CFU/ml CMY-2 producing Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring plasmid AC-cmy2 by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID373209	Activity of Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID557588	Plasma protein binding in burn patient at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID396029	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant AcrAB-TolC efflux pump deficient Enterobacter cloacae EcdeltaacrA isolate in presence of 20 ug/ml efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID555215	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID520388	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa COL-1 metallo-beta lactamase VIM-2	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID548256	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm mutant gene after 24 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID560223	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium R200 expressing Outer membrane protein STM3031 by CLSI M7-A7 agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Outer membrane protein STM3031 (Ail/OmpX-like protein) plays a key role in the ceftriaxone resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
AID1136477	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 infected in sc dosed mouse assessed as mouse survival after 3 days	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID521995	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp3A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID583090	Activity of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue IMP-1 W64A mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID424332	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister invisus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID530341	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM-1 beta-lactamase	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Characterization of the new metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13 and its integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Spain.
AID1133387	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus faecalis after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID660265	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli expressing AcrAB-TolC efflux pump	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52	Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics.
AID548260	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237S mutant by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID68194	In vitro antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae strain 9656	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID522386	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli NI540 carrying cloned class C beta-lactamase TRU-1 gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID372617	Activity of Escherichia coli CF0042 beta-lactamase TEM-35 by microacidimetric method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID544435	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100A harboring empty plasmid by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID374023	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae IMI1 beta lactamase expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by SDS-PAGE	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Biochemical Characterization of SFC-1, a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase.
AID522390	Activity of Escherichia coli K-12 Beta-lactamase AmpC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID1124573	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis 9716 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID278261	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS14 gyrA+ with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID1538442	Growth inhibition of ciprofloxacin-susceptible Escherichia coli CFT073 harboring pSU18 incubated for 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID324360	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter johnsonii 7037 expressing SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID1124331	Antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID322319	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha isolates by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID530287	Antimicrobial activity against PR-39-resistant sbmA-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 DA12088 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Mechanism and fitness costs of PR-39 resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2.
AID285261	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-36 and IRT by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID585176	Activity of Beta-lactamase GES-7 K104, G170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID530814	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 11978 harboring plasmid pA-1carrying beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID587986	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID519632	Activity of beta-lactamase FUS1 assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of OXA-63, a new class D beta-lactamase from Brachyspira pilosicoli BM4442.
AID518523	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID546432	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-3 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID535720	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID564895	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene and Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID162890	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Proteus mirabilis	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID1902192	Inhibition of bacterial NDM-1 using CDC-1 as substrate incubated for 30 mins	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232	Stereochemically altered cephalosporins as potent inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases.
AID555221	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID495841	Ratio of Kcat to Km for beta-lactamase VIM-1 in Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing pBCLL/39H by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID520976	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KG2505 harboring pCOL plasmid by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID585179	Activity of Beta-lactamase GES-6 K104, S170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID278243	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-3 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID520385	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa M5109 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 by spectrometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID25254	Pseudo-first-order Rate constant for hydrolysis at pH 10	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	The acylating potential of gamma-lactam antibacterials: base hydrolysis of bicyclic pyrazolidinones.
AID555481	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID587983	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDC69A mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID587733	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID567280	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii ADC-11 beta-lactamase	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID600838	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 6051 at 1 mg/ml after 24 hrs by agar-diffusion method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID70935	In vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strain 20341	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID207835	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Staphylococcus aureus strain 2865	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID727656	Activity of wild type Beta-lactamase SHV-1 in Escherichia coli DH10B by Henri-Michaelis-Menten steady state equation analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID567279	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii ADC-33 beta-lactamase	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID394490	Ratio of Vmax to Km for Hafnia alvei beta-lactamase ACC-1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID206180	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Staphylococcus aureus, benzyl-penicillin sensitive	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID524247	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA4590 expressing SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID522001	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p5A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID547785	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237L mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID285271	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) beta-lactamase TEM1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID373051	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus clausii ATCC 21537 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID560115	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG3 gene by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID238095	Binding affinity for TEM-1 beta-lactamase	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 48, Issue:3	Molecular dynamics simulations of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase complexed with cephalothin.
AID372612	Antibacterial activity against rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli C600 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID522022	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEnc2 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID519983	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID495635	Activity of Pseudomonas luteola LAM Beta-lactamase LUT-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID96254	In vitro antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 20468	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID522000	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p4A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID394486	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase ACC4 by UV spectrophotometry	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID520877	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans MER by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID548004	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237P mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID520882	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID1124580	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9843 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID544422	Antimicrobial activity against translocase tatC-deficient Escherichia coli B1LK0A expressing beta-lactamase TEM-1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID585395	Activity at Bradyrhizobium japonicum metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID529576	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 beta-Lactamase CAR-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID520879	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans DUC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID1133391	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID567282	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter baumannii ADC-11 beta-lactamase	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID278249	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS1 gyrA+ with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID278248	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS1 with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID544508	Metabolic stability in Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 assessed as hydrolysis rate per mg of extracts at 100 uM after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID522007	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pI-1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID548044	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID522003	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp7A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID373050	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus clausii NR expressing beta-lactamase BCL1 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID547773	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237A mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID520966	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae YC by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID530815	Antibacterial activity against human urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae UCL-1 harboring plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID18272	Km against class A TEM beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID524399	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type A using 5x10'5 CFU/ml standard inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID548036	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID19521	Half-life of compound in the presence of lysosomal enzymes in the acetate buffer	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5	Coupling products of amino acids to penicillin V and cephalothin: synthesis and susceptibility to carboxypeptidases and lysosomal enzymes.
AID1625544	Antimycobacterial activity against replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis mc2 6220 harboring panCD/lysA deletion mutant by two-fold serial dilution method	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Novel Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID563303	Cmax in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID494629	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli UB1005	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Propenylamide and propenylsulfonamide cephalosporins as a novel class of anti-MRSA beta-lactams.
AID532029	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10F' transformant harboring beta-lactamase CTX-M-78 by disk diffusion method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Novel chromosome-encoded CTX-M-78 beta-lactamase from a Kluyvera georgiana clinical isolate as a putative origin of CTX-M-25 subgroup.
AID535702	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-A by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID162937	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 2835	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID560131	Activity of recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID374025	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC-1 beta lactamase expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by SDS-PAGE	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Biochemical Characterization of SFC-1, a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase.
AID587984	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDF160T mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID563975	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 beta-lactamase IMP1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID495802	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 138 expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID544517	Metabolic stability in Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-5 assessed as hydrolysis rate per mg of extracts at 100 uM after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID563306	Mean residence time in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID555232	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID564229	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase OXA-143	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID587976	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 G232A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID522006	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpI-2 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1538463	Selectivity ratio of MIC for ciprofloxacin-susceptible Escherichia coli CFT073 harboring pSU18 to MIC for ciprofloxacin-susceptible Escherichia coli DH5[alpha]	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID540967	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae HP205 cephalosporinase CMY-36 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID495636	Ratio of kcat/Km for Pseudomonas luteola LAM Beta-lactamase LUT-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID1147679	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 infected in sc dosed mouse administered at 1 to 5 hrs measured for 3 days	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID555222	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID587727	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 IMP-18-pLBII after 18 hrs by microdilution broth method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID587731	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP18 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID495631	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas luteola LAM expressing blaLUT-1 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID1148788	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 4200 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID510595	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum after 48 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID555477	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 243 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID209246	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organisms Streptococcus faecalis strain 2864	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID71053	Compound was tested for photoinhibition of Escherichia coli (CIP 548T); Partially resistant	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-03, Volume: 8, Issue:21	Nitroglycosylated meso-arylporphyrins as photoinhibitors of gram positive bacteria.
AID557583	Fraction unbound in healthy human plasma at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID555256	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID424323	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister pneumosintes assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CA-SFM method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID239777	Km for Staphylococcus aureus PC1 Beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID522013	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpBEL expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID1148425	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli SK&F 12140 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID520885	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 beta-lactamase OXA-114a expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID1124578	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 9659 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID555473	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 128 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID520967	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pNYC plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID544439	Antimicrobial activity against mreB-deficient Escherichia coli YLS-3 harboring beta-lactamase CTX-M-14 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID557586	Fraction unbound in burn patient interstitial fluid at burn site at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID521999	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp6A expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-150 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID535721	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID340727	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-2 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID531313	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamase VIM-7 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Kinetic characterization of VIM-7, a divergent member of the VIM metallo-beta-lactamase family.
AID520729	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii CIP7010 beta-lactamase OXA-97 assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID559920	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant plasmid RTG4-S69 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID524246	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing SHV-84	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID1538441	Drug metabolism in CTX-M-1-deficient Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] assessed as compound hydrolysis at 100 uM incubated for 60 mins by 1H-NMR spectra analysis	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID554985	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555228	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 ADC-18	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID322314	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 1 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent resistant isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID555466	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID548473	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSn mutant gene after 48 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID678819	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PGF2alpha in OAT2-S2 cells	2003	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-28, Volume: 465, Issue:1-2	Interaction of human and rat organic anion transporter 2 with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID70934	In vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strain 15119	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID735974	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum after 48 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID1133397	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID1149740	Antibacterial activity against Shigella sonnei assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID563969	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID546427	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-2 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1124566	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 1985 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID585184	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase GES-5 E104, S170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID1148789	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 12176 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID372621	Ratio of Kcat for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12 to Kcat for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-158	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID600923	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 16417 at 1 mg/ml after 48 hrs by agar-diffusion method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID555480	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID326272	Activity of Escherichia coli K12 beta-lactamase TEM1 relative to penicillin G	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID544431	Antimicrobial activity against translocase tatC-deficient Escherichia coli B1LK0A harboring beta-lactamase L2 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID522020	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEnc1 containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID1133560	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 8668 by threefold dilution agar inclusion method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Synthesis of cephalosporin-4-aldehydes.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID585398	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1SML metallo-beta-lactamase L1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID522023	Antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter freundii isolate expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID554984	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID285367	Decrease in susceptibility of qnrS-positive transconjugant streptomycin-resistant Escherichia coli C600	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QnrA, QnrB, and QnrS among clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae in a Taiwanese hospital.
AID520880	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans TB1 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID278245	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-4 gyrA+ with ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID555248	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 60 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID585396	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bradyrhizobium japonicum metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID1136470	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID530345	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli BicA expressing blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15 and qepA2 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID555263	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID531314	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamase VIM-7 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Kinetic characterization of VIM-7, a divergent member of the VIM metallo-beta-lactamase family.
AID1124329	Antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris CN-329	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID521991	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate Kp11978 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48, SHV-2a and TEM-1 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID531316	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamase VIM-2 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Kinetic characterization of VIM-7, a divergent member of the VIM metallo-beta-lactamase family.
AID1148793	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 23390 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID278264	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS18 with GyrA S38F mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID1134381	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli N10 assessed as growth inhibition	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Hydrolysis of 3-chloro-3-cephems. Intramolecular nucleophilic attack in cefaclor.
AID520728	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii CIP7010 beta-lactamase assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID495663	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa 51170 beta-lactamase BEL-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID520387	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa M5109 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID1124568	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 9537 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID519734	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha with deltaampC by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID17478	Kcat against class C P99 beta-lactamase catalyzed lactone hydrolysis	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-08, Volume: 9, Issue:3	A "cephalosporin-like" cyclic depsipeptide: synthesis and reaction with beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes.
AID555461	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID548040	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring plasmid pBK SK(+) by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID563307	Mean residence time in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID285262	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-1 and TEM1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID544433	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CU164A harboring beta-lactamase AmpC by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID511291	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa GES-13 beta lactamase assessed as hydrolysis by spectrometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID278252	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS3 with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID438297	Inhibition of penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 PBP2X preincubated for 1 hr before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID555247	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 60 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID587729	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying empty pBC-SK after 18 hrs by microdilution broth method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID522385	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas enteropelogenes M1 hyperproducing beta-lactamase AmpC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID560134	Activity of recombinant beta-lactamase RTG4 expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 assessed as Ratio of Kcat to Km by nitrocefin hydrolysis assay relative to benzylpenicillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID584837	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER1 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID325449	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 3556 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID555225	Activity of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 ADC-16	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID612540	Binding affinity to human PepT2 in SKTP cells	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Fragmental modeling of hPepT2 and analysis of its binding features by docking studies and pharmacophore mapping.
AID1149739	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID564892	Antibacterial activity against ompF-deficient Escherichia coli AG100 at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID1538436	Substrate activity at recombinant Escherichia coli full-length N-terminal His-tagged AmpC (20 to 377 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as Kcat to Km ratio measured every 20 secs for 1 hr by UV absorbance	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID587979	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDN104D mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID372604	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BER1 producing TEM-158 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID522005	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpI-1 expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID1124323	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus C-14	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID554989	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 60 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID278247	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-4 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID557579	T>MIC in Staphylococcus aureus infected burn patient at burnt tissue site at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID495838	Hydrolytic activity of Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID340729	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-14 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID555254	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 67 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID373221	Activity of Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as specific activity per mg of protein at 100 uM	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID1136475	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1133392	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID1136471	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 4200 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1625538	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 2 days by Celltiter-Glo reagent based assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Novel Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID206177	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Staphylococcus aureus	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID325447	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus N315 after 14 to 16 hrs by broth dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Polyamine effects on antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria.
AID322313	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 1 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID555245	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID681680	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Carnitine uptake (Carnitine: 0.010? uM, Cephalotin: 500 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HEK293 cells	1999	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 291, Issue:2	Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance.
AID563973	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 beta-lactamase NDM-1	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID242856	Steady state kinetic as limiting rate of OXA-1 beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID555255	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1149738	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs by serial dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8	Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids.
AID519980	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-55	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Biochemical characterization of SHV-55, an extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID600839	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 14169 at 1 mg/ml after 24 hrs by agar-diffusion method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID409954	Inhibition of mouse brain MAOA	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21	Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID563304	AUC (0 to infinity) in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID530342	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa VIM-13 beta-lactamase	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Characterization of the new metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13 and its integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Spain.
AID560497	Activity of Escherichia coli MC4100 Beta-Lactamase CMY-30 harboring Val211?Gly211 mutation	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID1625542	Antimycobacterial activity against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis mc2 6220 harboring panCD/lysA deletion mutant incubated for 7 days measured at OD580 = 0.1 by two-fold serial dilution method	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Novel Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1124322	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC-1	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID278237	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-2 gyrA+ with ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID278255	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS3 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F, D87N, parC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID727796	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing Beta-lactamase SHV-1 K234R protein mutant by CLSI agar dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID555241	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 52 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID238858	Binding affinity against membrane transport protein PEPT1 in human Caco-2 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:13	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides as substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1.
AID522026	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pEcA containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID600833	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 14169 after 24 hrs by serial dilution method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID547765	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring plasmid pBR322-catI carrying beta-lactamase KPC-2 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID200341	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Salmonella strain 3860	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID583095	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue harboring pLBII-VIM-2 plasmid expressing VIM-2 W87A mutant beta-lactamase by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID1133562	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031-2 by threefold dilution agar inclusion method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Synthesis of cephalosporin-4-aldehydes.
AID396030	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant AcrAB-TolC efflux pump deficient Enterobacter cloacae EcdeltaacrA isolate expressing pAP2 plasmid containing Enterobacter cloacae acrA gene by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID546430	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-1 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID555217	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID548259	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae 1534 beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237S mutant by spectrophotometric analysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID322317	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 9 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent resistant isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID563972	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 beta-lactamase NDM-1 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID522017	Antimicrobial activity against Providencia rettgeri isolate expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and TEM-101 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID548000	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237N mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID544428	Antimicrobial activity against translocase tatC-deficient Escherichia coli B1LK0A harboring beta-lactamase L1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID557589	Plasma protein binding in healthy human at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID563305	AUC (0 to infinity) in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID565057	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID522384	Antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas enteropelogenes ATCC 49803 producing endogenous class C beta-lactamase TRU-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID555269	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 128 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID565058	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID544441	Antimicrobial activity against mreB-deficient Escherichia coli YLS-3 harboring beta-lactamase AmpC by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID1133561	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922-1 by threefold dilution agar inclusion method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Synthesis of cephalosporin-4-aldehydes.
AID510597	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus after 48 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID1538443	Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli CFT073 harboring pSU18 and CTX-M-15 incubated for 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID521996	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p3A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID396027	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae EcDC64 isolate expressing AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in presence of 20 ug/ml efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID555270	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID556341	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Salmonella enterica serotype Westhampton beta-lactamase CTX-M-53	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Novel plasmid-encoded ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-53 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Salmonella enterica serotypes Westhampton and Senftenberg.
AID555459	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 60 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID543433	Ratio of Kcat to km for Shigella sonnei UIH-1 CTX-M-64	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Novel chimeric beta-lactamase CTX-M-64, a hybrid of CTX-M-15-like and CTX-M-14 beta-lactamases, found in a Shigella sonnei strain resistant to various oxyimino-cephalosporins, including ceftazidime.
AID583091	Activity of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue wild-type IMP-1 beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID68195	In vitro antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae strain 9659	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID524403	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible Bla-producing Staphylococcus aureus type C using 5x10'7 CFU/ml high inoculum after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Determination of an inoculum effect with various cephalosporins among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
AID522002	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p6A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID494627	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus COL expressing beta-lactamase	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Propenylamide and propenylsulfonamide cephalosporins as a novel class of anti-MRSA beta-lactams.
AID494626	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase deficient Staphylococcus aureus COL	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Propenylamide and propenylsulfonamide cephalosporins as a novel class of anti-MRSA beta-lactams.
AID1148426	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli HH 33779 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID548472	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega after 48 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID93880	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 4005	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID587977	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSD-H2 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID587982	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDD240A mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID565062	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 at 37 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID582925	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) VIM-2 W87F mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID587969	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 N104A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID531317	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase VIM-1 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Kinetic characterization of VIM-7, a divergent member of the VIM metallo-beta-lactamase family.
AID495633	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B transfected with pBK-L3 expressing blaLUT-1 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.
AID544424	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CU164A harboring beta-lactamase CTX-M-14 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID565059	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID555465	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID278253	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS3 gyrA+ with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID544427	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CU164A harboring beta-lactamase L1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID520723	Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii phenotype 1 beta-lactamase assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID555261	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1148786	Antibacterial activity against penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HH 127 by two-fold agar dilution method	1976	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-sulfonylacetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids.
AID394493	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring pA-acc1 plasmid by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID278265	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS18 gyrA+ with GyrA S38F mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID285256	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CF1295 isolate expressing CMT and TEM1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID322315	Antibacterial activity against CTX-M group 1 enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolates assessed as percent nonsusceptible isolates by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID324359	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Identification of the novel narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase SCO-1 in Acinetobacter spp. from Argentina.
AID424322	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister micraerophilus assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID438298	Inhibition of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 5204 PBP2X preincubated for 4 hrs before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID535719	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-B2 S287N mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID373053	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID242858	Steady state kinetic as limiting rate of Enterobacter cloacae P99 Beta-lactamase catalyzed hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID559922	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant plasmid RTG4-V49 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID548474	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm mutant gene after 48 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID563967	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID583094	Activity of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue wild-type VIM-2 beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID548254	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega after 24 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID495809	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harbouring plasmid BK-VIM-19 expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID522018	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 harboring pPR containing beta-lactamase and TEM-101 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID555475	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID557580	Time during which concentration exceeded the 5 X MIC for Staphylococcus aureus infected burn patient at nonburnt tissue site at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID548257	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSm, graRm mutant gene after 24 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID727657	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B expressing Beta-lactamase SHV-1 K234X protein mutant by CLSI agar dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID518520	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10(pNOR-1) expressing CSP-1 gene after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID530348	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID278242	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-3 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID285263	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5-alpha TC1295 isolate expressing TEM-1 by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID544429	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100A harboring beta-lactamase L2 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID1147676	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID1209735	Inhibition of mouse OAT3 expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of fluorescein uptake at 500 uM over 20 mins relative to untreated-control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Organic anion transporter 3 interacts selectively with lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics.
AID555467	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 90 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID210226	In vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 9585	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID322321	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha-URA5776 isolates expressing CTX-M-14 enzyme by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID540968	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Salmonella enterica serotype Newport AM17274 cephalosporinase CMY-31 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID1147678	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa HH 63 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID555208	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID494624	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Propenylamide and propenylsulfonamide cephalosporins as a novel class of anti-MRSA beta-lactams.
AID564889	Antibacterial activity against ompF-deficient Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene and Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID531604	Activity of Escherichia coli Inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase SHV-56	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID555242	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 52 by Etest method of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555233	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID510591	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas phaseolicola GSPB 2828 after 24 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID540966	Activity of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport AM17274 cephalosporinase CMY-31 by spectrophotometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	CMY-31 and CMY-36 cephalosporinases encoded by ColE1-like plasmids.
AID555257	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 69 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID495661	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa 531 beta-lactamase BEL-2	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID529572	Antimicrobial activity against Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID555243	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID681115	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake (pH6.0) in Caco-2 cells	2005	European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1	Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1.
AID239767	Km for OXA-1 beta-lactamase hydrolysis	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20	Benzopyranones with retro-amide side chains as (inhibitory) beta-lactamase substrates.
AID529575	Activity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 beta-lactamase CAR-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID429078	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae Greece blaKPC-2 gene by E test method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece.
AID555214	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 243 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID340731	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-ES by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID555463	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 67 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555262	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID678786	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1999	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Aug, Volume: 290, Issue:2	The interaction and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics with the cloned rat renal organic anion transporter 1.
AID555213	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 195 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555452	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 21 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID322324	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli INSRA5924 isolates expressing CTX-M-32 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID278234	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium GyrA S21-1 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID279186	Activity of Enterobacter cloacae S3 isolate beta lactamase LAP1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID555479	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 14 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID560113	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant plasmid RTG4-S69-V49 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID735973	Antimicrobial activity against Botrytis fabae after 48 hrs by microdilution susceptibility test	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID429077	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by E test method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece.
AID520726	Activity of Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase OXA-58 assessed per mg of protein at 100 uM	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tunisia producing the OXA-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-97.
AID524257	Ratio of Kcat to Km in Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SHV-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID424327	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister propionicifaciens by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID373052	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B carrying pJIM2246 expressing Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 by agar-dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID557584	Fraction unbound in burn patient at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID562328	Antimicrobial activity against Chryseobacterium indologenes 597 expressing metallo-beta-lactamase IND-6 after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID555456	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID531606	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli Inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase SHV-56	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID583092	Activity of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue VIM-2 A64W mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID555251	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID278241	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-3 gyrA+ with ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID520390	Activity at Escherichia coli DH5alpha metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 assessed as compound hydrolysis per mg of total periplasmic protein by spectrometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID557582	Time during which concentration exceeded the 5 X MIC for Staphylococcus aureus infected burn patient at burnt tissue site at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID548032	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237R mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID557576	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID1308882	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 at 30 ug per disk after 18 to 24 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 26, Issue:14	Antimycobacterial activity of new N(1)-[1-[1-aryl-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-oxo]propyl]-pyridine-2-carboxamidrazone derivatives.
AID19520	Half-life of compound in acetate buffer (pH 4.5)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 31, Issue:5	Coupling products of amino acids to penicillin V and cephalothin: synthesis and susceptibility to carboxypeptidases and lysosomal enzymes.
AID555264	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID522392	Ratio of Kcat Km for Aeromonas enteropelogenes Beta-lactamase TRU1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of TRU-1, the endogenous class C beta-lactamase from Aeromonas enteropelogenes.
AID555260	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 90 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID495662	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 531 beta-lactamase BEL-2	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID548253	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 after 24 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID495803	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 2603 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID547789	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237M mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID528608	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli 2138 beta-lactamase KPC-2 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-2 identified in an Escherichia coli strain and an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in France.
AID278229	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21 gyrA+	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID522016	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pL containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID564886	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli AG100 harboring IS186 insertion in lon3 gene, Tn5 insertion in ycgE gene, plasmid pET21b and pACT7SP at 26 degC by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11	Combined inactivation of lon and ycgE decreases multidrug susceptibility by reducing the amount of OmpF porin in Escherichia coli.
AID518522	Antimicrobial activity against Capnocytophaga sputigena CIP 104301T after 2 days by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Characterization of CSP-1, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Capnocytophaga sputigena.
AID587974	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 C69A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID510586	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID530346	Antimicrobial activity against azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 harboring pCTX-M plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-15 gene by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID547793	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237V mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID278269	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS38 gyrA+ with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID68542	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Enterobacter cloacae	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID524245	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing SHV-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Biochemical study of a new inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase, SHV-84, produced by a clinical Escherichia coli strain.
AID555235	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1124327	Antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae 363	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID544440	Antimicrobial activity against mreB-deficient Escherichia coli YLS-3 harboring beta-lactamase L1 by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID278271	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS38 tolC::Kan with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID424328	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister invisus by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID562224	Antimicrobial activity against Desulfovibrio piger by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Susceptibilities of 23 Desulfovibrio isolates from humans.
AID555218	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555457	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID510594	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum after 48 hrs by microdilution assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID547781	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237I mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID1124570	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 9606 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID322323	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha-URA5905 isolates expressing CTX-M-15 and TEM-1B enzymes by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID394492	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli MC4100 harboring pA-acc4 plasmid by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID546433	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PDC-5 by spectrophotometer	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID278233	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-1 gyrA+	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID600831	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 24 hrs by serial dilution method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID583086	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli XL1-Blue IMP-1 W64A mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID678797	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PGF2alpha in OAT2-S2 cells	2003	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-28, Volume: 465, Issue:1-2	Interaction of human and rat organic anion transporter 2 with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID563311	Volume of distribution at steady state in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID279187	Ratio of kcat to Km of Enterobacter cloacae S3 isolate beta lactamase LAP1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1.
AID585399	Activity at Fluoribacter gormanii 1K07 metallo-beta-lactamase FEZ-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 54, Issue:10	High-resolution crystal structure of the subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase BJP-1: rational basis for substrate specificity and interaction with sulfonamides.
AID522011	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpE expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID530350	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by disk diffusion method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France.
AID555455	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 52 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID531318	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase VIM-1 by spectrophotometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Kinetic characterization of VIM-7, a divergent member of the VIM metallo-beta-lactamase family.
AID587980	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDS237A mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID522014	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pBEL containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID535713	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID544442	Antimicrobial activity against mreB-deficient Escherichia coli YLS-3 harboring empty plasmid by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID555472	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 128 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID326266	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12 carrying pR3521 encoding SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID278232	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21-1 GyrA S83F mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID515780	Intrinsic solubility of the compound in water	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19	QSAR-based solubility model for drug-like compounds.
AID278263	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS14 tolC::Kan with GyrA D87G mutant	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID495806	Antimicrobial activity against Providencia stuartii 6858 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID495842	Hydrolytic activity of Escherichia coli DH10B beta-lactamase VIM-2 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID278267	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS18 tolC::Kan with GyrA S38F mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID510590	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas phaseolicola GSPB 2828 after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID520876	Antibacterial activity against Achromobacter xylosoxidans CIP69598 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID587973	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 D240A mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID163409	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Proteus vulgaris strain 2829	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID67856	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Enterobacter aerogenes strain 2828	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID1136473	Antibacterial activity against Shigella paradysenteriae HH 117 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID372610	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha producing beta-lactamase TEM-1 by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID510593	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens S 97 after 24 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID735982	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at 1 mg/mL after 24 hrs by agar disc diffusion method	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID1147672	Antibacterial activity against penicillin G resistant Staphylococcus aureus HH 127 assessed as growth inhibition by two-fold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of some broad-spectrum N-acylphenyglycine cephalosporins.
AID396032	Antibacterial activity against drug-resistant AcrAB-TolC efflux pump deficient Enterobacter cloacae EcdeltaacrA isolate expressing pAP3 plasmid containing Enterobacter aerogenes acrR gene by Etest	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump of Enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.
AID285260	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha isolate expressing pBK-TEM-28 and ESBL by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID555249	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID520389	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa COL-1 metallo-beta lactamase VIM-2 over Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa M5109 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID554987	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 52 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID529574	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid BC-SK after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID555464	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 90 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID326270	Activity of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase SCO1 relative to penicillin G	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID520968	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli harboring pRYC plasmid expressing blaKPC gene by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID520391	Activity at Escherichia coli DH5alpha metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2 assessed as compound hydrolysis per mg of total periplasmic protein by spectrometry	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1124579	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae 9656 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID522009	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KpBIC expressing beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID562223	Antimicrobial activity against Desulfovibrio desulfuricans MB by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Susceptibilities of 23 Desulfovibrio isolates from humans.
AID278256	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS9 with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID584838	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring recombinant Aeromonas allosaccharophila AL-1 beta-lactamase PER2 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	PER-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Aeromonas allosaccharophila.
AID535704	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing AmpC-A S287N mutant protein by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID547992	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237Y mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID555244	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 56 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555216	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 20 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID544436	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli CU164A harboring empty plasmid by liquid microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Sec- and Tat-dependent translocation of beta-lactamases across the Escherichia coli inner membrane.
AID522004	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring p7A containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID278231	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S21 tolC::Kan	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID530817	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID372616	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH5alpha beta-lactamase TEM-12	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID495805	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 6828 strain expressing beta-lactamase VIM-19 by microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID495664	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 51170 beta-lactamase BEL-1	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID522028	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate TOP10 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID563313	Apparent volume of distribution in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID520881	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring recombinant p6S3 expressing beta lactamase OXA-114a by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Characterization of a naturally occurring class D beta-lactamase from Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AID587978	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AS226 carrying pBSDN104A mutant after 18 hrs by broth microdilution method	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID278268	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS38 with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID1133396	Antibacterial activity against Providencia stuartii after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID519740	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamase SHV-72 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID559918	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase RTG4 gene by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID519748	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID583097	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue harboring pLBII-VIM-2 plasmid expressing VIM-2 A64W mutant beta-lactamase by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID532031	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10F' by disk diffusion method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Novel chromosome-encoded CTX-M-78 beta-lactamase from a Kluyvera georgiana clinical isolate as a putative origin of CTX-M-25 subgroup.
AID735981	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 mg/mL after 24 hrs by agar disc diffusion method	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID1148423	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SK&F 23390 assessed as parasite growth inhibition	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Nuclear analogues of beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Total synthesis of bisnorisopenicillins from beta-lactam precursors.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID529573	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring plasmid pLBII carrying beta-lactamase CAR-1 gene after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID405085	Ratio of Kcat to Km of Citrobacter freundii PER2 beta lactamase	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Biochemical characterization of PER-2 and genetic environment of blaPER-2.
AID510589	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 after 24 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID373217	Ratio of Kcat for Bacillus clausii NR beta-lactamase BCL1 to Kcat for Bacillus cereus beta lactamase BcI	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii.
AID1133393	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID681377	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in OAT1-expressing S2 cells	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-08, Volume: 438, Issue:3	Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID727798	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B by CLSI agar dilution method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Design and exploration of novel boronic acid inhibitors reveals important interactions with a clavulanic acid-resistant sulfhydryl-variable (SHV) β-lactamase.
AID557585	Fraction unbound in healthy human interstitial fluid at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID562221	Antimicrobial activity against Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Susceptibilities of 23 Desulfovibrio isolates from humans.
AID495843	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli DH10B beta-lactamase VIM-2 by microacidimetric method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel VIM metallo-beta-lactamase variant from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.
AID735979	Antimicrobial activity against Botrytis fabae at 1 mg/mL after 48 hrs by agar disc diffusion method	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 60	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new benzo and naphthonitrile derivatives.
AID162752	In vitro antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis strain 9900	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID555220	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying ampC gene of Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 103 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID583082	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) wild-type VIM-2 beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID555224	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 65 ADC-14	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID555451	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 109 by Etest method in presence of cloxacillin and efflux pump inhibitor PAN	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID519636	Activity of beta-lactamase FUS1 assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry relative to benzyl-penicillin	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic and biochemical characterization of OXA-63, a new class D beta-lactamase from Brachyspira pilosicoli BM4442.
AID563308	Half life in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID585182	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase GES-7 K104, G170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID1124582	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 20341 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID495799	Ratio of Kcat to Km of KPC-2 using nitrocefin hydrolysis	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	Novel ambler class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate from the Seine River, Paris, France.
AID495658	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1538444	Prodrug activation in Escherichia coli CFT073 harboring CTX-M-1 assessed as bacterial CTX-M-1-mediated compound hydrolysis incubated for 1 hr by 1H-NMR analysis	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-09, Volume: 62, Issue:9	Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.
AID530813	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli J53 harboring plasmid pA-1carrying beta-lactamase OXA-48 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-48 in an imipenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Belgium.
AID424321	Antimicrobial activity against Dialister pneumosintes assessed as susceptibility breakpoint by CLSI method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.
AID681114	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake (pH6.0) in SKPT cells	2005	European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1	Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1.
AID405080	Antimicrobial activity against Citrobacter freundii 33587 isolate by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Biochemical characterization of PER-2 and genetic environment of blaPER-2.
AID520973	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2303 by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID278259	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS9 tolC::Kan with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID563968	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase NDM-1 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID563319	Plasma protein binding in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID285443	Ratio of kcat to Km of Citrobacter gillenii CIP 106783 Beta-lactamase GIL1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B relative to benzyl-penicillin	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum Ambler class A beta-lactamase GIL-1 from Citrobacter gillenii.
AID495656	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 expressing recombinant beta-lactamase BEL-2 by solid agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 54, Issue:1	BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID583083	Activity of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) VIM-2 W87A mutant beta-lactamase by spectrophotometer	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID326265	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 3521r carrying pR352 encoding SCO1 by agar dilution technique	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli.
AID519749	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae Beta-Lactamase SHV-72	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	The Lys234Arg substitution in the enzyme SHV-72 is a determinant for resistance to clavulanic acid inhibition.
AID681363	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in OAT1-expressing S2 cells	2002	Life sciences, Mar-08, Volume: 70, Issue:16	Involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) in cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity: in comparison with rOAT1.
AID587730	Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS 297 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-18 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as substrate hydrolysis using 100 uM nitrocefin	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States.
AID563966	Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-560 by Etest method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.
AID548008	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237Q mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID544514	Metabolic stability in Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-4 assessed as hydrolysis rate per mg of extracts at 100 uM after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID587961	Activity of Escherichia coli wild type beta-lactamase Toho-1 assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID278260	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS14 with GyrA D87G mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID1136476	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID560703	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli MC4100 Beta-Lactamase CMY-2	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 53, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase.
AID557587	Fraction unbound in burn patient interstitial fluid at nonburn site at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion by microdialysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID600834	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 after 24 hrs by serial dilution method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID555449	Antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter genomosp. 3 isolate 243 by Etest method in presence of efflux pump inhibitor CCCP	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3.
AID1124567	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes 9604 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID209260	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Streptococcus faecalis	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID600836	Antifungal activity against Botrytis fabae ATCC 14862 after 48 hrs by serial dilution method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID278266	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CHS18 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S38F mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID200526	Tested for inhibition of visible growth of Salmonella schottmuelleri	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4	Orally active cephalosporins and penicillins.
AID322325	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5 alpha-URA5924 isolates expressing CTX-M-32 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal.
AID520384	Antimicrobial activity Escherichia coli DH5alpha expressing beta lactamase VIM-2 by agar macrodilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain.
AID567281	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Acinetobacter baumannii ADC-33 beta-lactamase	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii.
AID557581	Time during which concentration exceeded the 5 X MIC for Staphylococcus aureus in healthy human at 1g, iv administered as 5 mins infusion	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Tissue accumulation of cephalothin in burns: a comparative study by microdialysis of subcutaneous interstitial fluid cephalothin concentrations in burn patients and healthy volunteers.
AID511292	Ratio of Kcat/Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa GES-13 beta lactamase assessed as hydrolysis by spectrometry	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	GES-13, a beta-lactamase variant possessing Lys-104 and Asn-170 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID372618	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli CF0042 beta-lactamase TEM-35	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	TEM-158 (CMT-9), a new member of the CMT-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AID340726	Antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15 by agar dilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M type now in Switzerland.
AID209226	In vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis strain 20688	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID544496	Ratio of MIC for Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-4 to MIC for Escherichia coli TOP10	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID285258	Antimicrobial activity against recombinant Escherichia coli DH5-alpha CL1179 isolate expressing pBK-TEM-152 and CMT by disk diffusion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Evolution of TEM-type enzymes: biochemical and genetic characterization of two new complex mutant TEM enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a single patient.
AID1067498	Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-13, Volume: 5, Issue:2	Neutral β-Lactams Inactivate High Molecular Mass Penicillin-Binding Proteins of Class B1, Including PBP2a of MRSA.
AID340890	Activity of Escherichia coli beta lactamase TEM1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Cytoplasmic-membrane anchoring of a class A beta-lactamase and its capacity in manifesting antibiotic resistance.
AID585185	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Beta-lactamase GES-6 K104, S170 mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Comparative biochemical and computational study of the role of naturally occurring mutations at Ambler positions 104 and 170 in GES β-lactamases.
AID587972	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 D240S mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID103862	In vitro antibacterial activity against Morganella morganii strain 15153	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID522012	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli isolate J53 harboring pE containing beta-lactamase OXA-48 located within transposon Tn1999.2 by Etest method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Spread of OXA-48-encoding plasmid in Turkey and beyond.
AID162751	In vitro antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis strain 9716	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID69322	MIC against aerobic organism Escherichia coli strain 2891	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID510587	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 24 hrs by agar diffusion assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 45, Issue:9	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new thiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety.
AID374021	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Serratia fonticola UTAD54 SFC1 beta lactamase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by SDS-PAGE	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Biochemical Characterization of SFC-1, a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase.
AID535717	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli TOP10 beta-lactamase AmpC-B2	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Role of the Ser-287-Asn replacement in the hydrolysis spectrum extension of AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli.
AID1133386	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID583093	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli XL1-Blue harboring pBC-SK plasmid by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Mutational analysis of VIM-2 reveals an essential determinant for metallo-beta-lactamase stability and folding.
AID68518	Minimum inhibitory concentration against aerobic organism Enterobacter cloacae 2646	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Quaternary heterocyclylamino beta-lactams: a generic alternative to the classical acylamino side chain.
AID1133388	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID562341	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium meningosepticum CCUG 4310 beta-lactamase BlaB1 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by Michaelis-Menten equation	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID520975	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2404 plasmid by Etest method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla KPC gene.
AID547797	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 T237F mutant by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID125261	In vitro antibacterial activity against Providencia rettgeri strain 21203	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID96253	In vitro antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 15130	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 27, Issue:9	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]cephalosporins.
AID600837	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at 1 mg/ml after 24 hrs by agar-diffusion method	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-hetarylpyrazole and furo[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
AID278250	Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium CS1 acrAB::Kan with GyrA S83F, D87N, ParC S80I mutation	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
AID547769	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH10B harboring plasmid pBC SK(+) carrying wild type beta-lactamase KPC-2 by agar dilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Substrate selectivity and a novel role in inhibitor discrimination by residue 237 in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID563317	Renal clearance in healthy human at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID548255	Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Mu50omega expressing vraSn mutant gene after 24 hrs by Etest	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Contribution of vraSR and graSR point mutations to vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
AID544518	Metabolic stability in Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-5 assessed as hydrolysis rate per mg of extracts at 100 uM after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis in presence of clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID587968	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli wild type beta-lactamase Toho-1 assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID531602	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 harboring pE1MD plasmid expressing beta-lactamase SHV-56 by agar dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Molecular and biochemical characterization of SHV-56, a novel inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AID1133385	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID1124581	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli 15119 by two fold serial dilution technique	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 22, Issue:6	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-oxocephalosporins.
AID1133559	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P by threefold dilution agar inclusion method	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Synthesis of cephalosporin-4-aldehydes.
AID587975	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Escherichia coli beta-lactamase Toho-1 F160T mutant assessed as compound hydrolysis by spectrophotometry	2011	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Roles of residues Cys69, Asn104, Phe160, Gly232, Ser237, and Asp240 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Toho-1.
AID563310	Volume of distribution at steady state in patient with severe burns at 1 g, iv	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Unbound cephalothin pharmacokinetics in adult burn patients are related to the elapsed time after injury.
AID681344	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Estrone sulfate uptake in OAT3-expressing S2 cells	2002	Life sciences, Mar-08, Volume: 70, Issue:16	Involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) in cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity: in comparison with rOAT1.
AID394489	Activity of Hafnia alvei beta-lactamase ACC-1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Plasmid-encoded ACC-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from Escherichia coli.
AID1124328	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis PR-4	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Synthetic studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. Part 101. Synthesis of 7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt (6059-S) and its relate
AID562340	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Chryseobacterium indologenes 597 metallo-beta-lactamase IND-2 expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by Michaelis-Menten equation	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	IND-6, a highly divergent IND-type metallo-beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes strain 597 isolated in Burkina Faso.
AID1133390	Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes after 17 hrs by serial two fold dilution method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9	Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.
AID530286	Antimicrobial activity against PR-39-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 DA10899 harboring Q179Stop mutant gene by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Mechanism and fitness costs of PR-39 resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2.
AID544509	Metabolic stability in Escherichia coli TOP10 harboring beta-lactamase KPC-2 assessed as hydrolysis rate per mg of extracts at 100 uM after 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1345067	Human Organic anion transporter 3 (Organic anion transporters (OATs))	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-08, Volume: 438, Issue:3	Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID1345056	Human Organic anion transporter 4 (Organic anion transporters (OATs))	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Mar-08, Volume: 438, Issue:3	Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics.
AID1802403	Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) from Article 10.1074/jbc.M113.501353: \\Structural, functional, and inhibition studies of a Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily protein PA4794: a new C-terminal lysine protein acetyltransferase from ps	2013	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 288, Issue:42	Structural, functional, and inhibition studies of a Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily protein PA4794: a new C-terminal lysine protein acetyltransferase from pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2013	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 288, Issue:42	Structural, functional, and inhibition studies of a Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily protein PA4794: a new C-terminal lysine protein acetyltransferase from pseudomonas aeruginosa.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2101 (84.31)	18.7374
1990's	121 (4.86)	18.2507
2000's	145 (5.82)	29.6817
2010's	104 (4.17)	24.3611
2020's	21 (0.84)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	196 (7.48%)	5.53%
Reviews	67 (2.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	173 (6.60%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.04%)	0.25%
Other	2,184 (83.33%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients Aged 70 Years and Older: A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Internal Fixation to Hemiarthroplasty [NCT01770769]				220 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-06	Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
alpha-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.	2	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
3-chloroalanine 3-chloroalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-chloroalanine : A chloroalanine obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a chloro group.	1.97	1	0	chloroalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
adenine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.91	4	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.05	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	4.59	6	1	amino-acid anion
carnitine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chlordecone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.42	2	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	1.94	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.69	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	1.96	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.38	2	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.74	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	1.99	1	0	dipeptide
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.42	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dimethylbenzimidazole	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.38	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.39	2	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.04	1	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	4.45	7	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.65	3	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.07	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	3.05	5	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	1.94	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.4	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	1.94	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	6.96	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.4	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.42	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.38	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.08	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.05	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.05	1	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	2.05	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
spermidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.38	2	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	1.97	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	5.28	13	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.41	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.05	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.04	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	3.97	4	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	3.04	5	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin [no description available]	4.46	7	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.96	4	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.74	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.96	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.45	2	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
albendazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.74	3	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.45	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	2.04	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.96	4	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.42	2	0	aromatic amine
ametantrone ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.4	2	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.45	2	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.05	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.66	3	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.	1.97	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazolone	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
theophylline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.74	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.74	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.45	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.65	3	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	4.57	8	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.74	3	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	3.08	5	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
aztreonam Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.	3.36	7	0
baclofen [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	2.05	1	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
betaxolol [no description available]	2.44	2	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.04	1	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.04	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.74	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.04	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	benzamides
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.74	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
caffeine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.95	4	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.05	1	0	biphenyls
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.05	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbazilquinone Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmofur [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.74	3	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.46	2	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.04	1	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	7.91	37	1	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
celecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
cefixime Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.	2.92	4	0
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.05	1	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.69	3	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.22	6	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	3.25	6	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.96	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.44	2	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cifenline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	3.25	6	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.42	2	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	6.09	37	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.45	2	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.45	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.72	3	0	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.38	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.04	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	2.05	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dapsone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.04	1	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.9	4	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.45	2	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.22	6	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	3.1	5	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dicamba Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; methoxybenzoic acid	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; synthetic auxin; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.45	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.04	1	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.96	4	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.04	1	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dinitolmide Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.	2.04	1	0	dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.74	3	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.74	3	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dipyrone metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.	2.04	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; pyrazoles	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	2.45	2	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.94	4	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.44	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	2.04	1	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	2.45	2	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.49	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.73	3	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.11	1	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	2.05	1	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethinamate ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	sedative
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.04	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.04	1	0	phenols
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.44	2	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.45	2	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.45	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.92	4	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.45	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flumequine flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.48	8	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.46	2	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.45	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	3.97	4	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	5.65	19	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.04	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	17.53	451	33
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.05	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	1.95	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.45	2	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.05	1	0
granisetron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.04	1	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	2.04	1	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.45	2	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.66	3	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.05	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.74	3	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.69	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	2.45	2	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.92	4	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.45	2	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	3.37	7	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.92	4	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.74	3	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.45	2	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.65	3	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.45	2	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.48	8	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	4.45	7	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.45	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.45	2	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.74	3	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.05	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
2-phenylglycine 2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.	1.97	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.74	3	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.45	2	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	2.42	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomustine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.45	2	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.05	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.45	2	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.65	3	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	2.46	2	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.46	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.05	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	3.07	5	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.45	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.74	3	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.74	3	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	1.95	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.45	2	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.68	3	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.04	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.35	2	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.45	2	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.45	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.74	3	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.74	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	6.42	16	3	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.05	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.45	2	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
milrinone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.45	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.45	2	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.74	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.44	2	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	1.94	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.05	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nalidixic acid [no description available]	7.48	70	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.45	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	2.05	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.74	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.45	2	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.69	3	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.05	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	4.98	12	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.74	3	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	5.42	14	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.45	2	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	2.05	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.05	1	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pamidronate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.45	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	2.05	1	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.69	3	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.45	2	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.74	3	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure	2.39	2	0	acetamides
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.74	3	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.45	2	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenmetrazine Phenmetrazine: A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. phenmetrazine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.	1.95	1	0	morpholines	metabolite; sympathomimetic agent
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.23	6	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.05	1	0	phenols
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	3.48	2	0	aromatic amine
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	2.04	1	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.46	2	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	1.95	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.45	2	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
pipobroman Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.	2.04	1	0	N-acylpiperazine; organobromine compound; tertiary carboxamide	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
piromidic acid Piromidic Acid: Antibacterial against mainly gram negative organisms. It is used for urinary tract and intestinal infections.. piromidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, substituted at position 2 by a pyrrolidin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic antibacterial which is used for the treatment of urinary tract and intestinal infections.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pyridopyrimidine; pyrrolidines; quinolone antibiotic; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
polythiazide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.87	4	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.44	2	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.74	3	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	2.45	2	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	10.87	24	1	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.45	2	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.13	5	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.9	4	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.68	3	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.45	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.45	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.45	2	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyridostigmine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyridinium ion
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.74	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.96	4	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.04	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	2.05	1	0	benzothiazoles
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	2.04	1	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
semustine Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.	2.04	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	8.91	13	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.04	1	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.45	2	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
imatinib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.91	4	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.92	4	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	3.08	5	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	12.41	38	1	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.05	5	0	pyridazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.72	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.05	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.45	2	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	3.08	5	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.69	3	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisomidine Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	1.95	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	8.9	13	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfoxone sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.45	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	4.41	6	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.71	3	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.04	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.74	3	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.74	3	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.45	2	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,2'-thiodiethanol 2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom	2.04	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; diol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; solvent
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.53	2	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.44	2	0	aziridines
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.38	2	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.45	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.45	2	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.96	4	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.45	2	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.44	2	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.04	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine 2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
triclosan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.45	2	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	8.16	48	1	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	2.44	2	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	2.05	1	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
urapidil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.45	2	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.45	2	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.05	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.47	8	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.05	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.69	3	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	14.41	352	10	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.05	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.45	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	2.04	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.05	1	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.38	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	2.05	1	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.05	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	2.37	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.	1.95	1	0	tartrate salt	antihypertensive agent
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	2.67	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	3.97	14	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.43	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)	2.04	1	0	fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.05	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	13.3	324	5	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.05	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.05	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	2.39	2	0	guanidines
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	8.66	10	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.73	3	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	13.24	256	3	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	3.48	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.65	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
vincristine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.89	4	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.45	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.45	2	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.39	2	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
dromostanolone dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	2.05	1	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	1.95	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	13.61	231	5	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.49	5	1	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.74	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.58	9	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	13.02	204	12	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	10.76	92	5	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.35	2	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazole
aniline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.65	3	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.05	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.74	3	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.	2.04	1	0	aminouracil; nitrogen mustard
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	12.21	156	2	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	3.12	5	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	1.94	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.05	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	4.14	5	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	15.35	512	8	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	8.22	6	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	3.35	7	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	1.94	1	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	2.04	1	0	organic sodium salt	dye
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.1	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.1	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
cordycepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.65	3	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.42	2	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	1.95	1	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	7.02	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
pivalic acid pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.	2	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid
dalapon dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
methylpentynol methylpentynol: structure	2.04	1	0	ynone
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.38	2	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.05	1	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.64	3	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	3.47	8	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
acriflavine chloride 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride : The 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.	2.46	2	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; histological dye; intercalator
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	12.53	47	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.74	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	8.75	11	0	penicillanic acids
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.87	4	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound	antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.45	2	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	1.95	1	0
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	2.07	1	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
fenoprop fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	phenoxy herbicide
synephrine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	1.95	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.03	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
dyrene dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine pesticide; secondary amino compound; triazines	antifungal agrochemical
acrolein [no description available]	2.38	2	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.	1.97	1	0	aryl thiol
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	3.74	2	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
tetraethylenepentamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	polyazaalkane	copper chelator
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.74	3	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.45	2	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.05	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	1.95	1	0
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	9.91	63	3	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.05	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.05	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	2.05	1	0	quinolines
iodohippuric acid Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine.	2.35	2	0	benzamides; N-acylglycine; organoiodine compound
amiben Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid
monuron monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.	2.04	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.05	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	7.82	58	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	2.38	2	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.05	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
sulfalene Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.	6.96	1	0	pyrazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.21	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
phenetidine Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	drug metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.64	3	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.26	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.35	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	1.95	1	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	7.38	2	0	organic cation
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.46	2	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.04	1	0	nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
mechlorethamine n-oxide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.39	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.38	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.74	3	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.45	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.92	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.07	1	0	organosilicon compound
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.45	2	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.05	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.88	4	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
pamaquine pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.04	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.04	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.05	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.05	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.45	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	1.95	1	0	diarylmethane
apronalide apronalide: structure	2.04	1	0	N-acylurea
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.45	2	0	thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.45	2	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
4-iodophenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	iodophenol
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.39	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.7	3	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.	8.07	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids	allergen
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.05	1	0
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.04	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
glycylglycine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
metahexamide metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
lactulose [no description available]	2.05	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	1.95	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.06	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.45	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.45	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	9.24	146	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	1.95	1	0
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.	2.04	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
carbophenothion carbophenothion: structure	2.04	1	0	organic sulfide
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.	2.04	1	0
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	2.74	3	0
methidathion methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops	1.95	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.	2.04	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; seco-androstane
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.68	3	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pyrithioxin Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.	2.04	1	0	methylpyridines
ethidium bromide [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic bromide salt	geroprotector; intercalator; trypanocidal drug
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.75	3	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.65	3	0	alkali metal hydroxide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	10.25	90	2	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346 sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue	protein kinase inhibitor
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.05	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
guanazole Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
meturedepa meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031	2.04	1	0	phosphoramide
ioxynil ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.04	1	0	iodophenol; nitrile	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bromoxynil bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	dibromobenzene; hydroxynitrile; phenols	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	3.09	5	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
picloram Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; chloropyridine; organochlorine pesticide; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	herbicide; synthetic auxin
ethoglucid Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.	2.04	1	0	epoxide
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.45	2	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
aminocarb aminocarb: structure. aminocarb : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	carbamate ester; toluenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; molluscicide
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antipsoriatic; prodrug
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione [no description available]	2.04	1	0
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.45	2	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.74	3	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	9.29	34	2	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
improsan improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	organosulfonic ester
cyclacillin Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.	2.91	4	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.	6.6	18	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antimicrobial agent
streptomycin [no description available]	16.85	144	3	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
piperacetazine piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines
cladribine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	15.47	216	15	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
vantocil polihexanide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	3.38	7	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
pentaquine pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	2.63	3	0
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.04	1	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
terodiline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	2.36	2	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	1.94	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.35	2	0	manganese group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.46	2	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.67	3	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	1.94	1	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	1.96	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.	2.04	1	0	N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
sodium sulfate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.07	1	0	calcium phosphate
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	1.94	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	1.95	1	0	dihydrogen
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.04	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.37	2	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
phenacid phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.46	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.46	2	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.45	2	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.96	4	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
urobilinogen Urobilinogen: A colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin. Some is excreted in the feces where it is oxidized to urobilin. Some is reabsorbed and re-excreted in the bile as bilirubin. At times, it is re-excreted in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.. urobilinogen : A member of the class of bilanes that is a colourless product formed in the intestine by the reduction of bilirubin.	2.35	2	0	bilanes	human metabolite
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
thiamphenicol [no description available]	7.88	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	13.78	167	10	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.74	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
calusterone calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.45	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
etoprine etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP	2.04	1	0
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	3.06	5	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	9.74	35	6	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.45	2	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.34	2	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indoles
azetepa [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphoramide
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.05	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.71	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	12.44	161	11	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
ripazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzenes
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.78	85	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.74	3	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	tryptamines
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
prednimustine Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.	2.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
amygdalin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyanogenic glycoside; disaccharide derivative; gentiobioside	plant metabolite
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	2.45	2	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.94	4	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	2.05	1	0	pyrroline
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	3.57	9	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	8.38	7	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	10.29	68	13	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.74	3	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.45	2	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	8.99	76	9	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide	local anaesthetic
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.45	2	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.04	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	8.2	45	7	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	10.08	46	4	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	5.77	9	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.44	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	3.47	8	0	penicillin
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.74	3	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.05	1	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	azepanes
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.04	1	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.45	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	5.47	15	1	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
lorcainide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.44	2	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	7.63	11	5	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefonicid Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	8.36	7	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	7.77	88	2	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefotiam Cefotiam: One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotiam : A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.	5.53	9	2	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.74	3	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	4.82	33	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	7.24	31	1	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.05	1	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	benzamides
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	2.04	1	0
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	4.02	14	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.45	2	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
cefaclor [no description available]	1.97	1	0
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	6.02	37	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	4.77	7	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.44	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	2.05	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	3.52	8	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.45	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.05	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.04	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.45	2	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
caracemide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.44	2	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.4	2	0	dioxanes
difloxacin difloxacin: RN & structure given in first source. difloxacin : A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.	2.45	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
sarafloxacin sarafloxacin: RN & structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	quinolines
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.04	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.04	1	0	quinolines
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.04	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
sparfloxacin [no description available]	3.13	5	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
orbifloxacin orbifloxacin: structure given in first source in error (quinolone nitrogen atom not shown)	2.45	2	0	quinolines
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	2.05	1	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.45	2	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.04	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
marbofloxacin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.04	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.04	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	2.04	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	2.04	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.45	2	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.04	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.04	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.04	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.04	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	2.04	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.38	2	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	1.96	1	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
morzid morzid: structure	2.04	1	0	morpholines
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2.04	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.04	1	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
febrifugine febrifugine: antimalarials; structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
trimethoprim sulfamethizole trimethoprim sulfamethizole: used in treating liver pulmonary lesions	2.02	1	0
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.38	2	0	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.05	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
amprenavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
thymine arabinoside thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl compound
psicofuranine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	psicose derivative; purine nucleoside
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.05	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
triciribine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	17.13	532	50	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
bendamustine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
trofosfamide trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure	2.04	1	0	ifosfamides
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside 4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.04	1	0
fotrin fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure	2.04	1	0
sufosfamide sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure	2.04	1	0
flomoxef flomoxef: structure given in first source; RN given refers to sodium salt. flomoxef : A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.	2.69	3	0	N-acyl-amino acid; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
fropenem [no description available]	2.74	3	0	faropenem
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.45	2	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
propatyl nitrate propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.74	3	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfamidochrysoidine sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.	2.04	1	0
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.39	2	0	1,2,3-triazole
ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.21	1	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
pumitepa pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.04	1	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.04	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	ureas
elmustine elmustine: structure	2.04	1	0
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
forphenicinol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefaloram cefaloram: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. cefaloram : A cephalosporin derivative with potent antibacterial activity which binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division, inactivation of which interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causing cell lysis.	2.21	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
leucyl-glycyl-glycine leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.44	2	0	tripeptide	metabolite
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2.04	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.96	4	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic compound
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
danofloxacin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	quinolines
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	2.45	2	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
sanfetrinem sanfetrinem: orally absorbed hexetil ester of GV-104326	2.05	1	0
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.45	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
inproquone inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)	2.04	1	0
betamipron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
penicillin n penicillin N: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #6887	2.07	1	0	penicillin
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0	benzofurans
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
gentamicin c1 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0
grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source	2	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
neplanocin a neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	2.04	1	0
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	2.05	1	0	carbapenems
glycyl-histidyl-lysine glycyl-histidyl-lysine: found in human plasma; promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells, lymphocytes & mycoplsma; maintains viability of hepatocytes, eosinophils and macrophages; inhibits growth of glial cells; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His-Lys : A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.	2.06	1	0	tripeptide	chelator; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; vulnerary
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.04	1	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
1-ethoxysilatrane [no description available]	2.04	1	0
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase	2.05	1	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	2.04	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
alanylproline alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	2.06	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.74	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
Trp-Trp tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)	2.04	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.72	3	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.04	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.36	2	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
streptovitacin a streptovitacin A: structure	2.04	1	0
cephacetrile Cephacetrile: A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.	8.49	21	2	cephalosporin
cb 10375 trimelamol: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	4.31	6	0
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	2	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
carbenicillin indanyl carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)	2.04	1	0	penicillin
cb 1837 CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
hexaphosphamide hexaphosphamide: structure	2.04	1	0
dipin dipin: structure	2.04	1	0
phosphazine phosphazine: structure	2.04	1	0
prolyl-glycyl-glycine prolyl-glycyl-glycine: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	oligopeptide
2-chloromandelic acid 2-chloromandelic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
diiodobenzotepa diiodobenzotepa: structure	2.04	1	0
icig 1163 ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
bimolane bimolane: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
thiodipin thiodipin: structure	2.04	1	0
fluoxydine fluoxydine: structure	2.04	1	0
imiphos imiphos: structure	2.04	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	1.99	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	8.29	86	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
sr141716 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.45	2	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	1.95	1	0
aldophosphamide aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	2.45	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione 3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
oxymatrine oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; tertiary amine oxide
nitisinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
1,1,2-trichloroethanol 1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene	2.04	1	0
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.	4.72	28	0	penicillanic acids; triazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.02	1	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide	metabolite
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dnp-peptide DNP-peptide: used as substrate for collagenolytic enzymes	1.99	1	0
iremycin iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer	2.04	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	3.84	12	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
hainanensine hainanensine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	9.51	23	0	penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls
l 640876 L 640876: semisynthetic antibiotic; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (6R-trans)-isomer	1.96	1	0
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.04	1	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems [no description available]	2.05	1	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	4.37	21	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
methaneboronic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ritrosulfan ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R,S)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	2.05	1	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	5.03	12	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	2.05	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	4.24	17	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
prolylarginine prolylarginine: fragment of tuftsin peptide with analgesic action; RN given refers to all L-isomer. Pro-Arg : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-arginine residues.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cilomilast [no description available]	2.04	1	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	2.04	1	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
damvar damvar: structure	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	dihydropyridine
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
solifenacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.04	1	0	morpholines
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.05	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
pirlimycin pirlimycin: RN given refers to (mono-HCl(2S-cis)-isomer)	2.01	1	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.05	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
benzo-tepa benzo-tepa: structure	2.04	1	0
tevenel tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
tac 278 TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.04	1	0
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	5.17	9	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.05	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
temocillin temocillin: beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; structure in first source. temocillin : A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.	3.24	6	0	penicillin
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	3.11	5	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
melagatran [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
deflazacort deflazacort: structure	2.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.04	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
prolylglutamic acid Pro-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	3.97	4	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
cortisone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.44	2	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.45	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	4.49	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
indicine-n-oxide indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R,3S),7abeta))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	5.32	13	1
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib [no description available]	2.45	2	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	4.6	6	1
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	1.95	1	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	1.94	1	0
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.86	4	0	peptide
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.37	2	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.04	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
cysteinylglycine cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	2.04	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
trimethyllysine trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2	1	0	alpha-amino-acid cation	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	4.01	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	5.14	43	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.47	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	12.68	175	15	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	3.08	5	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium [no description available]	2.39	2	0
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.45	2	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	2.36	2	0	benzazocine
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.04	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	3.7	10	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperidines
7-aminocephalosporanic acid 7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid : The alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates.	3.08	5	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
bacampicillin bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.	7.39	2	0	penicillanic acid ester	prodrug
linezolid [no description available]	2.73	3	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
angustibalin angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure	2.04	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
tolterodine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	anthracycline
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	2.04	1	0	amino sugar
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.87	4	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	2.01	1	0	penicillanic acid ester
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
acarbose [no description available]	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.08	1	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.45	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.05	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.45	2	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.08	3	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2.05	1	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.45	2	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	11.79	86	6
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	10.07	10	1	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.44	7	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
formycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	formycin	antineoplastic agent
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.05	1	0
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.38	2	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
eptifibatide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
decitabine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.04	1	0
teniposide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	12.43	125	14	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	3.34	7	0	actinomycin	mutagen
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.04	1	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	3.08	5	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.45	2	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.88	4	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartyl-aspartic acid aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp). Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.45	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	2.05	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	1.95	1	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.45	2	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
aceglatone aceglatone: structure in Merck	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.45	2	0
cefpiramide cefpiramide: antipseudomonal cephalosporin derivative. cefpiramide : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (R)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.	1.97	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
glycosides [no description available]	2.64	3	0
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	8.23	6	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.04	1	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
cefsulodin Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.	4.48	7	0	cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
canrenoic acid Canrenoic Acid: A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity.	1.95	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid
mitobronitol Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.	2.04	1	0	alcohol; organobromine compound
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.44	2	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.04	1	0
fludarabine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
methylatropine nitrate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	chlorprothixene
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.45	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	3.22	6	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.04	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.74	3	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.05	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
n-glycylalanine Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.68	3	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	1.95	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	3.23	6	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
streptozocin [no description available]	2.45	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.45	2	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
cancidas [no description available]	2.04	1	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	3.75	11	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	9.5	75	1	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.43	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
thiocarlide thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent	2.04	1	0	thioureas
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.96	4	0
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	2.04	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
dolasetron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mannomustine Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.74	3	0	steroid	estrogen
glucametacin glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure	2.04	1	0
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.05	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea 1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cystine [no description available]	1.94	1	0
fluorescein thiocarbamylethylenediamine fluorescein thiocarbamylethylenediamine: used as label in fluoroimmunoassay for conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid	2.11	1	0
isepamicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
trimethionine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	oligopeptide
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	1.97	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.38	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.64	3	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	7.35	2	0
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.04	1	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
icodextrin Icodextrin: A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity.	2.03	1	0
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.17	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.45	2	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	1.95	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	1.96	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
quercetin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	5.28	13	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.05	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.44	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.05	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.35	2	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.05	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.04	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil [no description available]	2.45	2	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	2.05	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	8.36	19	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	5.09	42	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
cefzil cefprozil: structure given in first source. cefprozil : A semisynthetic, second-generation cephalosporin, with prop-1-enyl and (R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used to treat bronchitis as well as ear, skin and other bacterial infections.	1.97	1	0
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	2.05	1	0
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.45	2	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.45	2	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.05	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
esculin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.45	2	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.45	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	2.05	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	2.72	3	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.05	1	0
indocyanine green [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acids
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
codeine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.74	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	1.96	1	0	hydrochloride
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.05	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.45	2	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.96	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.74	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.	2.04	1	0
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
anthramycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.45	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lacidipine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.04	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	2.04	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.04	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irisquinone irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.04	1	0
furazolidone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	2.04	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
molsidomine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.45	2	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	2.05	1	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefuroxime [no description available]	2.08	1	0
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.26	6	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	3.29	6	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.45	2	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	2.45	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	1.94	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	4.44	7	0
bleomycin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.35	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
alanyl-alanyl-alanine alanyl-alanyl-alanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ala-Ala-Ala : A tripeptide composed of three L-alanine units joined by peptide linkages.	2.44	2	0	tripeptide	metabolite
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	2.05	1	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	5.39	56	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	4.78	30	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	5.51	63	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	5.77	20	1	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
ceftazidime [no description available]	5.72	78	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
alanylalanine L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine: RN given refers to unlabeled (L-Tyr-D-Ala)-isomer	2.02	1	0
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin
phenylalanylalanine phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
alpha-aspartylalanine alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain. Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
alanyltyrosine Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
famotidine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	9.66	141	3	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	5.6	69	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
urobilin [no description available]	1.94	1	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.05	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ceftiofur [no description available]	2.74	3	0
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.14	5	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefuzonam cefuzonam: article gives L-105 as synonym, however L 105 is a rifamycin derivative according to Chemline. cefuzonam : A second generation cephalosporin antibiotic.	2.41	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.04	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
cefmatilen cefmatilen: structure in first source	2	1	0
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	4.49	4	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
aspartyllysine aspartyllysine: from feces of axenic mice. Asp-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-lysine residues.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	9.08	3	1	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
s 1006 S 1006: structure given in first source. cefcapene : A cephalosporin compound having (carbamoyloxy)methyl and N-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino side-groups. It is used (generally as the corresponnding pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug) as an oral antibacterial.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; enamide; secondary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	4.12	15	0
brl 28500 ticarcillin-clavulanic acid: combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid; used against gram-negative rods	1.97	1	0
sibiromycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; hemiaminal; phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
cefditoren pivoxil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephams; oxime O-ether; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	antibacterial drug; prodrug
ixabepilone [no description available]	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	3.78	11	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
ceftizoxime [no description available]	2.73	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	7.4	2	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.05	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	6.76	48	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
methampicillin methampicillin: RN given refers to parent cpd(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer. metampicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(2R)-2-(methylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido side-group.	2.73	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.04	1	0
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	2.04	1	0
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefdinir [no description available]	2.48	2	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
fumagillin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.04	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.05	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	2.04	1	0	macrolide lactam
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
phenylalanylglycine phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
glutamylalanine Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion	human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanyl-valine Val-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
alanylglycine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
valyltyrosine valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate. Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
lysylglutamic acid lysylglutamic acid: a geroprotective agent. Lys-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and L-glutamic acid residues.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
Ala-Lys Ala-Lys : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-alanine with the alpha-amino group of L-lysine.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	marine metabolite
glycylhistidine glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.42	2	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucyl-tyrosine isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect. Ile-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues.	2.44	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.1	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
thioacetazone Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.	2.04	1	0
cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime: A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmenoxime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position.	2.38	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
cefozopran [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; imidazopyridazine; thiadiazoles
desacetylcefotaxime desacetylcefotaxime: RN given refers to parent cpd (6R-(6alpha,7alpha(Z)))-isomer	1.96	1	0
fosinopril [no description available]	2.05	1	0
tebipenem tebipenem: an oral carbapenem antibiotic, against penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	3.38	7	0
tomopenem [no description available]	2.04	1	0
valyl-prolyl-proline Val-Pro-Pro : A tripeptide composed of L-valine and two L-proline units joined by peptide linkages.	2.44	2	0	tripeptide	metabolite
prolylvaline Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
etomoxir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
ppi-0903 ceftaroline : A cephalosporin that is the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil. Used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.	2.15	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; iminium betaine; organic phosphoramidate; oxime O-ether; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; prodrug
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
rwj 54428 RWJ 54428: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.04	1	0	methanesulfonate ester
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	3.98	13	0
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
nkp 608 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
isoleucyl-prolyl-proline [no description available]	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide
ganu GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure	2.04	1	0
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
vitamin u Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2	1	0	methyl-L-methionine; sulfonium betaine
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.34	2	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
baci-im [no description available]	2.74	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
metamelfalan [no description available]	2.04	1	0
streptogramin b Streptogramin B: A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.. pristinamycin IA : A cyclodepsipeptide that is (together with pristinamycin IIA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	1.99	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
isoleucyl-valyl-tyrosine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	oligopeptide
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	3.73	3	0	nystatins
prolyl-proline Pro-Pro : A dipeptide formed from two L-proline residues.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
vindesine [no description available]	2.44	2	0
diflucortolone Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.	2.04	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	1.94	1	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	2.86	4	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
rifamycins [no description available]	2.35	2	0
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ro 6-4563 glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.01	1	0
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.04	1	0
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	1.95	1	0	peptide hormone
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.35	2	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
ropocamptide ropocamptide: from granulocytes & keratinocytes, precursor to cathelicidins; MW 16-18 kDa; GenBank AJ224927 (eCATH-1). cathelicidin : A group of small, cationic polypeptides (consisting of 12-97 amino acids) that are found in humans and other species, including farm animals (E.g. cattle, horses, pigs, sheep etc). They show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi.	2.04	1	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	4.29	6	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
ceftiofur ceftiofur: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
cefamandole nafate, monosodium salt, 14c-labeled, (6r-(6alpha,7beta,(r)))-isomer cefamandole nafate: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(R)))-isomer. cefamandole nafate : A cephalosporin prodrug having (R)-O-formylmandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	3.37	1	1
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.35	2	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
flucloronide flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate theaflavin-3,3'-digallate: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.41	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	2.05	1	0	organosulfonic acid
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
penicillin g sodium [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.	2.06	1	0	cephalosporin; organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	5.69	26	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
hainanolide hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis	2.04	1	0
gliocladic acid gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
cleistanthin cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.	2.04	1	0	cleistanthins; xylose derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	10.21	85	1
tylosin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
nimorazole [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.08	5	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	7.04	35	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	12.46	244	4
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	3.91	13	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	4.43	23	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	3.69	10	0
methacycline Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.	4.14	5	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	1.94	1	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	2.46	2	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
bactobolin bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.74	3	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.04	1	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.91	4	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	4.16	5	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	4.45	7	0
tigecycline [no description available]	2.95	4	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
lymecycline Lymecycline: A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses.. lymecycline : A tetracycline-based broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by the "active transport" process across the intestinal wall.	1.94	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	9.1	16	0
daptomycin [no description available]	1.97	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	1.95	1	0
benzylpenicilloic acid benzylpenicilloic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzylpenicilloic acid : A penicilloic acid where the side-chain N-acyl group is specified as phenylacetyl.	1.96	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	1.95	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.85	4	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.07	1	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.74	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	1.94	1	0	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
guanine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.05	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
viomycin [no description available]	2.86	4	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide antibiotic	antitubercular agent
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	13.14	47	1	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.74	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.74	3	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.45	2	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.74	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.45	2	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	2.04	1	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.74	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.45	2	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
alanosine [no description available]	2.45	2	0
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
7-deazaguanosine 7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.	2.04	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; pyrazoles	antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin [no description available]	2.45	2	0
n(10)-methylfolate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	folic acids
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	1.94	1	0
ninopterin ninopterin: structure	2.04	1	0
benzylpenicillenic acid benzylpenicillenic acid: forms spontaneously from penicillin G (benzylpenicillin). benzylpenicillenic acid : A penicillenic acid having a benzyl substituent at the 2-position on the oxazolone ring.	1.96	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	1.95	1	0
eye [no description available]	2.86	4	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.97	1	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.95	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	17.53	208	61
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	1	24.53	208	61
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	10.99	93	4
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	10.99	93	4
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	0	2.69	3	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	6.24	35	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	6.24	35	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	8.61	38	1
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	8.61	38	1
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	0	2.44	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	3.39	7	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.39	7	0
Infections, Proteus [description not available]	0	7.31	30	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	7.46	48	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	7.46	48	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	2.93	4	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	5.65	19	1
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	9.4	61	1
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	9.4	61	1
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	11.7	12	2
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	3.11	5	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	3.34	7	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	13.17	192	10
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	18.17	192	10
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	13.23	147	16
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	13.23	147	16
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	3.34	7	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	2.65	3	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	4.48	24	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	0	3.33	1	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	0	3.26	6	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	2.4	2	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	0	3.19	5	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	8.81	55	11
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	8.81	55	11
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	4.75	7	1
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	14.3	150	46
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	3.77	2	1
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	11.99	117	32
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Endarteritis Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery.	0	2.21	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	0	2.21	1	0
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.	0	2.21	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	11.99	117	32
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	11.93	105	19
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	0	3.22	6	0
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available]	0	3.52	8	0
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	0	3.22	6	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	0	5.68	20	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	10.95	61	6
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.1	1	0
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	0	7.1	1	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Keratitis, Acanthamoeba [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	0	3.12	5	0
Acanthamoeba Keratitis Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.	0	2.1	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	0	5.28	13	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	4.45	5	1
Ankle Injuries Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.	0	4.06	3	1
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	4.45	5	1
Abortion, Septic Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.	0	4.12	6	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	9.75	12	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	10.01	69	2
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	4.75	12	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	10.01	69	2
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.9	4	0
Seroma Tumor-like sterile accumulation of serum in a tissue, organ, or cavity. It results from a tissue insult and is the product of tissue inflammation. It most commonly occurs following MASTECTOMY.	0	2.05	1	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	0	2.39	2	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	9.2	50	7
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	9.2	50	7
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	0	2.05	1	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	0	6.67	13	5
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	10.63	40	15
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	0	6.67	13	5
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	15.63	40	15
Toxemia A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.	0	2.07	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	3.25	6	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	2.07	1	0
Pyometra An accumulation of PUS in the uterine cavity (UTERUS). Pyometra generally indicates the presence of infections.	0	3.46	1	1
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	6.8	15	1
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	6.8	15	1
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	5.73	15	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	5.73	15	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	3.89	13	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	6.73	59	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	3.89	13	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	11.73	59	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	7	36	0
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	0	1.94	1	0
Tuberculosis, Miliary An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.	0	1.94	1	0
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Type B [description not available]	0	3.96	5	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	7	36	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	4.25	7	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.34	2	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	4.25	7	0
Infection [description not available]	0	15.46	43	4
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	15.46	43	4
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	7.76	41	5
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	9.02	42	7
Infection, Wound [description not available]	0	7.61	32	2
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	7.76	41	5
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	9.02	42	7
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	18.4	58	18
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	3.55	9	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	11.19	13	1
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	2.34	2	0
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)	0	1.94	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	1.94	1	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	0	8.65	10	0
Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	2.01	1	0
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	0	2.01	1	0
Ache [description not available]	0	6.78	9	1
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	0	2.01	1	0
Blow Out Fracture [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	0	3.57	3	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	11.78	9	1
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Pyuria The presence of white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) in the urine. It is often associated with bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyuria without BACTERIURIA can be caused by TUBERCULOSIS, stones, or cancer.	0	2.87	4	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	0	2.38	2	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	3.21	6	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.41	2	0
Infections, Neisseriaceae [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Berger Disease [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	0	2.02	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	2.37	2	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	4.96	3	1
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	2.37	2	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	2.65	3	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	0	11.01	90	6
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	0	11.01	90	6
Great Pox [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	0	2.86	4	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	4.57	10	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	1.94	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	4.57	10	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	1.94	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	2.65	3	0
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	2.34	2	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	0	2.64	3	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	2.86	4	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	1.94	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	5.73	21	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	8.86	71	2
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	5.73	21	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	8.86	71	2
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	4.72	7	1
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	4.24	4	1
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	4.72	7	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	4.24	4	1
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	0	8.74	11	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Aneurysm, Bacterial [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	3.96	5	0
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	0	2.64	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	2.35	2	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	6.64	30	2
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	0	3.21	6	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	10.03	57	5
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	8.48	24	3
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	7.7	35	2
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	8.48	24	3
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	0	7.65	3	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	4.13	6	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.35	7	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	6.87	10	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	6.87	10	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	4.25	4	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	1.96	1	0
Impetigo Contagiosa [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Impetigo A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.	0	4.03	3	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	10.94	26	1
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	5.94	26	1
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	0	3.27	2	0
Ulna Fractures Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.	0	1.96	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	8.47	30	2
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	4.72	7	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	4.72	7	1
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	2.36	2	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	2.36	2	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	13.55	20	9
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	0	3.2	6	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	0	4.74	12	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.	0	8.64	18	11
Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).	0	8.64	18	11
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	0	1.96	1	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	0	1.96	1	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	0	1.96	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	0	2.36	2	0
Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.	0	1.96	1	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	0	7.14	10	4
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	0	7.14	10	4
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	4.66	2	1
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	4.66	2	1
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	5.35	5	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	12.32	40	14
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	12.32	40	14
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	0	6.19	7	2
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	0	3.75	2	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	4.36	8	0
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Blastomycosis, North American [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Blastomycosis A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung.	0	1.96	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	9.36	8	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	1.96	1	0
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	0	5.35	5	1
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	0	5.35	5	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	4.81	13	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	9.81	13	0
Abnormalities, Jaw [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.	0	1.96	1	0
Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia.	0	1.96	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	4.66	11	0
Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.	0	2.64	3	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	4.66	11	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	5.6	10	2
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	2.64	3	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	5.6	10	2
Pus [description not available]	0	4.84	8	1
Botulism, Infantile [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Botulism A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)	0	1.95	1	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	0	3.74	2	1
Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.	0	4.84	8	1
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	4.59	3	2
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	3.34	1	1
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2.64	3	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	3.45	8	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	3.05	5	0
Fever of Unknown Origin Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.	0	9.27	15	4
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	9.35	13	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	9.35	13	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	5.96	10	1
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	3.45	8	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	3.74	2	1
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	0	1.96	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	1.96	1	0
Fractures, Compound [description not available]	0	4.72	7	1
Colonic Diverticulitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	1.95	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	6.6	11	2
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	11.6	11	2
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	0	5.4	8	2
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	0	6.2	7	2
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	0	5.4	8	2
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	2.36	2	0
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	0	3.75	2	1
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	0	3.75	2	1
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)	0	3.33	7	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	4.25	7	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	3.27	2	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	4.25	7	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	3.2	6	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	3.2	6	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	8.56	9	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	3.89	13	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	2.86	4	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	0	2.64	3	0
Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.	0	7.36	2	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	1.96	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	0	4.59	6	1
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	2.87	4	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	1.98	1	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	3.33	7	0
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	0	1.98	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	0	4.33	2	2
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	0	1.99	1	0
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	0	1.99	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	2.66	3	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	0	3.28	2	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Bacillaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACILLACEAE.	0	2	1	0
Bacterial Conjunctivitides [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	0	2.37	2	0
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.	0	2	1	0
Alogia [description not available]	0	2.87	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	3.56	3	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A [description not available]	0	4.47	9	0
Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.	0	2.87	1	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)	0	4.47	9	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	2.86	4	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	3.27	2	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	1.95	1	0
Staphylococcal Pneumonia [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	3.45	8	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	0	5.75	8	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	5.75	8	1
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	1.95	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	2.35	2	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	4.47	9	0
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Abscess, Subdiaphragmatic [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	0	3.65	10	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	4.47	9	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	1.95	1	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	4.03	3	1
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	2.64	3	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	1.95	1	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	0	1.95	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.35	2	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	0	2.86	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	2.86	1	0
Gas Gangrene A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.	0	3.45	8	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	5.95	10	1
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	3.05	5	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	0	3.96	5	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	0	2.64	3	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	0	3.96	5	0
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	0	4.43	5	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	3.73	11	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	0	4.43	5	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	3.73	11	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	2.35	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	1.95	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	3.45	8	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	0	4.94	9	1
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	0	1.95	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	0	4.94	9	1
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	1.95	1	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	3.05	5	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	0	5.21	12	1
Embolus [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	5.35	5	3
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	5.35	5	3
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	4.12	6	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	1.95	1	0
Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	5.13	11	1
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	0	3.74	2	1
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.35	2	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	3.34	1	1
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	3.34	1	1
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available]	0	3.75	2	1
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.	0	3.75	2	1
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.03	3	1
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	3.34	1	1
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	2.64	3	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	0	3.04	5	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	0	2.64	3	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	1.95	1	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	0	4.25	4	1
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	4.25	4	1
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	0	1.95	1	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	0	4.02	3	1
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	0	2.65	3	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	0	2.35	2	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	1.95	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	0	2.35	2	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	2.64	3	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	0	2.35	2	0
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	0	2.36	2	0
Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)	0	2.35	2	0
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	0	2.36	2	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	3.74	2	1
Pneumoperitoneum A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.	0	1.95	1	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	7.29	18	1
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	0	3.05	5	0
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.	0	1.95	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	2.35	2	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	1.95	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Tuberculosis, Renal Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.	0	1.95	1	0
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	0	1.95	1	0
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	0	2.35	2	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.78	4	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.87	1	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	2.87	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	1.95	1	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	2.64	3	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	2.35	2	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	2.35	2	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	4.03	3	1
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Emphysema, Mediastinal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Mediastinitis Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs.	0	1.95	1	0
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	0	3.33	7	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	2.35	2	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	3.2	6	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	0	2.86	4	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	2.35	2	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	2.86	4	0
Infarct [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	2.86	4	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	2.86	4	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	9.03	3	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	3.28	2	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	2.86	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.86	1	0
Pancreatic Cyst A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)	0	2.86	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	2.35	2	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Hemoglobin C Disease A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.	0	1.95	1	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	0	2.35	2	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	2.86	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.	0	2.64	3	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.35	2	0
Infectious Myelitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bernard Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	1.95	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	2.35	2	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	0	3.74	2	1
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	5.16	4	1
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	0	1.95	1	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	0	1.95	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	2.64	3	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	0	1.95	1	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	0	1.95	1	0
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	0	2.35	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Mitral Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	0	3.33	7	0
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	0	2.65	3	0
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.	0	2.64	3	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	2.64	3	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	2.64	3	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	1.95	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	4.03	3	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.35	2	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	0	2.35	2	0
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	1.95	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	2.35	2	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	0	1.95	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Acquired Meningomyelocele [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	1.95	1	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Sclerema Neonatorum A severe, sometimes fatal, disorder of adipose tissue occurring chiefly in preterm or debilitated infants suffering from an underlying illness and manifested by a diffuse, nonpitting induration of the affected tissue. The skin becomes cold, yellowish, mottled, and inflexible.	0	1.95	1	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	0	1.95	1	0
Black Death [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	0	1.98	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	2.36	2	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	2.36	2	0
Mandibular Fractures Fractures of the lower jaw.	0	2.36	2	0
Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.	0	1.97	1	0
Pilonidal Cyst [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Pilonidal Sinus A hair-containing cyst or sinus, occurring chiefly in the coccygeal region.	0	1.97	1	0
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.	0	1.97	1	0
Eye Infections, Viral Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.	0	1.97	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	1.96	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	1.96	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	3.35	1	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	3.35	1	1
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Bleeding [description not available]	0	4.59	6	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.64	3	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	4.59	6	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	1.97	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	2.36	2	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	1.97	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	0	1.96	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	2.36	2	0
Listeria Cerebritis [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	0	1.97	1	0
Bacterial Endocarditides, Subacute [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	1.97	1	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	0	2.64	3	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	1.96	1	0
Glomerular Necrosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.	0	1.96	1	0
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	2.35	2	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	1.95	1	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	2.64	3	0
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	0	1.95	1	0
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	1.95	1	0
Icterus [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	0	2.86	4	0
Pneumonia, Lipid Pneumonia due to aspiration or inhalation of various oily or fatty substances.	0	1.95	1	0
Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.	0	1.95	1	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	0	2.35	2	0
Injuries, Wrist [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.	0	1.95	1	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	1.94	1	0
Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.	0	1.95	1	0
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.	0	1.95	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	2.86	4	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	3.33	1	1
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	4.02	3	1
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.	0	1.95	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	0	1.95	1	0
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)	0	1.95	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	2.64	3	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	1.95	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	0	1.94	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	1.94	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	2.34	2	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	3.33	7	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	1.94	1	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	0	1.94	1	0
Hives [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	0	2.63	3	0
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Ecthyma An ulcerative pyoderma usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection at the site of minor trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	0	1.94	1	0
Infections, Meningococcal [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Meningococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.	0	2.63	3	0
Paronychia An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)	0	2.35	2	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.26	2	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	3.26	2	0
Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	1.94	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	1.94	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	3.55	3	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	2.86	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	3.55	3	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	2.35	2	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	0	2.35	2	0
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	0	1.95	1	0
Abscess, Amebic [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Amebiasis Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.	0	1.95	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	4.02	3	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	0	3.27	2	0
Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids.	0	3.27	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.35	2	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	4.02	3	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	2.35	2	0
Parotiditis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Itching [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	1.94	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	4.02	3	1
Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.	0	1.94	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	4.02	3	1
Malacoplakia The formation of soft patches on the mucous membrane of a hollow organ, such as the urogenital tract or digestive tract.	0	1.94	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	2.35	2	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	0	2.35	2	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	0	1.95	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.65	11	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	0	1.95	1	0
Adenitis [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	2.64	3	0
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.	0	1.95	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	0	1.95	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	2.64	3	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	1.95	1	0
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	0	8.2	6	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	1.95	1	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	0	1.95	1	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	0	1.94	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	0	3.04	5	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	0	1.95	1	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	1.95	1	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	1.95	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	2.63	3	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	1.95	1	0
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	0	1.95	1	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	0	4.24	4	1
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	0	4.24	4	1
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	1.94	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	2.35	2	0
Kidney Papillary Necrosis A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	1.95	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	2.35	2	0
Prostatic Diseases Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.	0	1.95	1	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	0	2.35	2	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	0	2.86	1	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	0	2.86	1	0
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.	0	2.86	1	0
Cancrum Oris [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	2.35	2	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	2.35	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	1.95	1	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	0	1.95	1	0
Pyelitis Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.	0	1.95	1	0
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	0	1.95	1	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.27	2	0
Arm Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the UPPER ARM and the FOREARM.	0	2.86	1	0
Injuries, Leg [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	1.95	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	1.94	1	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	1.94	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	1.94	1	0
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury.	0	1.95	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	1.95	1	0
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	0	1.95	1	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	0	1.95	1	0
Atelectasis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)	0	1.95	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	1.95	1	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	1.95	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	1.95	1	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	1.95	1	0
Anal Fistula [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	0	1.95	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	2.35	2	0
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	0	2.35	2	0
Hip Dislocation Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.	0	1.95	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.	0	1.95	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	2.35	2	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	2.35	2	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	1.95	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	1.95	1	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hyphema Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.	0	1.95	1	0
Panophthalmitis Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.	0	1.95	1	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	0	1.95	1	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	1.95	1	0
Cyst [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dandy-Walker Complex [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	1.95	1	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	0	1.95	1	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	0	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Jaundice, Spirochetal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	0	1.95	1	0
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	1.95	1	0
Bowel Incontinence [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.	0	1.95	1	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Egyptian Ophthalmia [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.	0	2.86	1	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	0	2.86	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.86	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	0	1.94	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	2.35	2	0
Cellulitis, Pelvic [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Parametritis Inflammation of the parametrium, the connective tissue of the pelvic floor, extending from the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the BROAD LIGAMENT.	0	1.94	1	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.32	1	1
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.32	1	1
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	1.94	1	0
Vesicoureteral Reflux [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.	0	1.94	1	0
Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.	0	1.94	1	0
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.	0	7.34	2	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	1.94	1	0
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	0	1.94	1	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	0	2.63	3	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	0	2.63	3	0
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Ear Deformities, Acquired Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth.	0	1.94	1	0
Acquired Nasal Deformities [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Polychondritis, Relapsing An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.	0	1.94	1	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	0	1.94	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	1.94	1	0
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	2.64	3	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	6.94	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	1.94	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	1.94	1	0
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	0	2.35	2	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	1.94	1	0
Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.	0	1.94	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	2.35	2	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Altidudinal Hemianopia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	1.94	1	0
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	0	1.94	1	0
Abscess, Periapical [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Vulvitis Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination.	0	1.94	1	0
Cardiac Aneurysm [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	0	1.94	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	1.94	1	0
Polyradiculitis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Polyradiculopathy Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.	0	1.94	1	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN.	0	1.94	1	0
Mucorales Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Mucormycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.	0	1.94	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.	0	1.94	1	0
Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Chancroid Acute, localized autoinoculable infectious disease usually acquired through sexual contact. Caused by HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI, it occurs endemically almost worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries and more commonly in seaports and urban areas than in rural areas.	0	1.94	1	0
Blennorrhea, Inclusion [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.	0	2.86	1	0
Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial A form of ACTINOMYCOSIS characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.	0	1.94	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	1.94	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	1.94	1	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	0	1.94	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	1.94	1	0
Ear Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.	0	1.94	1	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	0	1.94	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	0	1.94	1	0
Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	0	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.	0	1.94	1	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	0	1.94	1	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	0	1.94	1	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	1.94	1	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	0	1.94	1	0
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	0	6.94	1	0

cephalothin

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cephalothin

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Research Demand Index: 47.59

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Clinical Trials (1)

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