limonene profile

Limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the peels of citrus fruits. It is a colorless liquid with a strong citrusy odor. Limonene is chiral, meaning it exists in two enantiomeric forms: (+) - limonene and (-) - limonene. (+) - limonene is found in orange and lemon peels, while (-) - limonene is found in peppermint and pine needles.

Limonene can be synthesized from various precursors, including pinene and geraniol.

Limonene has various effects on human health, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. It is also used as a fragrance in cosmetics and cleaning products.

Limonene is a valuable compound studied for its potential therapeutic applications. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising candidate for treating arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Its anticancer properties are being investigated for their potential to treat various types of cancer.

Limonene is also studied for its environmental benefits. It is a biodegradable and renewable compound that can be used as a solvent in industrial processes.

Limonene is a versatile and valuable compound with a wide range of applications. Its natural origin, biodegradability, and potential health benefits make it a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic compounds.'

Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	22311
CHEMBL ID	15799
CHEBI ID	15384
MeSH ID	M0051997

Synonym
AKOS009031280
limonene, (+-)-
EN300-21627
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
CHEBI:15384 ,
4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(+-)-(rs)-limonene
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
1,8-p-menthadiene
(+/-)-limonene
cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (r)-
p-mentha-1,8-diene, (.+/-.)-
cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (.+/-.)-
7705-14-8
p-mentha-1, (.+-.)-
(.+-.)-dipentene
dl-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
nsc-21446
cyclohexene, (.+-.)-
mentha-1,8-diene (dl)
(.+-.)-limonene
nsc21446
NCI60_041856
mentha-1,8-diene
methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene
cyclil decene
ciene
dl-p-mentha-1,8-diene
cyclohexene, 4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-
C0626
terpodiene
dipentene, mixt. of limonene, 56-64%, and terpinolene, 20-25%
mentha-1,8-diene, dl
methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
p-mentha-1,8-diene, dl-
1-methyl-p-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
acintene dp
nsc 844
d(r)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
delta-1,8-terpodiene
4-mentha-1,8-diene
limonene, dl-
(+-)-linonene
unitene
dipanol
dipentene 200
pc 560
p-mentha-1,8-diene, (+-)-
orange flavor
(+-)-alpha-limonene
(1)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene
alpha-limonene
nsc 21446
hsdb 1809
ai3-00739
goldflush ii
flavor orange
(+-)-dipentene
d,l-limonene
einecs 205-341-0
dipentene, crude
caswell no. 526
un2052
einecs 231-732-0
epa pesticide chemical code 079701
D00194
p-mentha-1,8-diene
cajeputen
.delta.-1,8-terpodiene
C06078
dipentene
inactive limonene
eulimen
cinen
limonene
di-p-mentha-1,8-diene
cinene
nsc-844
nsc844
cajeputene
acintene dp dipentene
4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
.alpha.-limonene
1,8(9)-p-menthadiene
dl-limonene
kautschin
138-86-3
limonen
nesol
cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-
wln: l6utj a1 dy1 & u1
1-methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
dipenten
p-mentha-1, dl-
NCGC00163742-03
NCGC00163742-02
NCGC00163742-01
65996-98-7
terpenes and terpenoids, limonene fraction
4B4F06FC-8293-455D-8FD5-C970CDB001EE
limonene, (+/-)-
1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
orange x
(+/-)-p-mentha-1,8-diene
L0046
STK801934
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
NCGC00163742-04
HMS3264E05
9mc3i34447 ,
dipentene [un2052] [flammable liquid]
dipentene (+-)
unii-9mc3i34447
NCGC00257291-01
cas-138-86-3
tox21_303409
dtxcid209612
dtxsid2029612 ,
tox21_201818
NCGC00259367-01
tox21_112068
nsc757069
pharmakon1600-00307080
8016-20-4
FT-0603053
FT-0605227
FT-0600409
CHEMBL15799
limonene, (+/-)- [ii]
terpin monohydrate impurity c [ep impurity]
limonene [hsdb]
dipenten [who-dd]
(+/-)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
limonene [mi]
dipentene [vandf]
CCG-214016
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cylcohexene
(.+/-.)-limonene
cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethynyl)
achilles dipentene
1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
un 2052
p-mentha-1,8(9)-diene
(.+/-.)-dipentene
1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
(.+/-.)-.alpha.-limonene
4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene
AB01563249_01
dipentene, tech.
mfcd00062992
J-520048
8050-32-6
sr-01000872759
SR-01000872759-1
1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-cyclohexene
dipentene, p.a., 95%
limonene 1000 microg/ml in isopropanol
J-007186
8022-90-0
Q278809
HY-N0544
555-08-8
dipentene, technical grade
CS-0009072
NCGC00163742-05
4 mentha 1,8 diene
SB44847
E88572
nesol/from table/
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-or 1-methyl-4-isopropenyl-cyclohex-1-ene
p-menthane/from table/
usepa/opp pesticide code 079701
limonene, (+/-)-(ii)
terpin monohydrate impurity c (ep impurity)
(+-)-limonene
FS-8076

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Limonene-1,2-diol is a limonene oxygenated metabolite that possesses eight different stereoisomers, which could result in different biological properties. "	( Structural properties and evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of limonene-1,2-diol obtained by the fungal biotransformation of R-(+)- and S-(-)-limonene. Alexandrino, TD; Bicas, JL; de Medeiros, TDM; Favaro, DC; Pastore, GM; Ruiz, ALTG, 2022)	2.39
"Limonene is an abundant monoterpene released into the atmosphere via biogenic emissions and biomass burning. "	( Peroxy Radical Autoxidation and Sequential Oxidation in Organic Nitrate Formation during Limonene Nighttime Oxidation. Long, B; Mayorga, R; Xia, Y; Zhang, H; Zhao, Z, 2022)	2.39
"D-limonene (LIM) is a common monoterpene compound, principally found in citrus essential oils. "	( D-Limonene Promotes Anti-Obesity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Calorie Diet-Induced Obese Rats by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Hou, CY; Hsieh, SL; Huang, YW; Liao, JT; Wang, JJ; Wu, CC, 2023)	2.35
"Limonene is a natural active monoterpene with multiple functions, such as antibacterial, antiseptic and antitumor activity, and has important development value in agriculture."	( Limonene anti-TMV activity and its mode of action. Feng, J; Jiang, Y; Lei, B; Liu, Y; Luo, J; Luo, W; Ma, Z; Qi, M; Tong, J; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Yan, H, 2023)	3.07
"Limonene is a fragrance widely used in cosmetics and household products. "	( Limonene Hydroperoxides. de Groot, A, )	3.02
"D-limonene (DL) is a monoterpene and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit. "	( Bradycardic and Antiarrhythmic Effects of the D-Limonene in Rats. Almeida, JRGDS; Araújo, AAS; Barreto, AS; Durço, AO; Lima, BS; Nascimento, GAD; Oliveira, AP; Quintans-Junior, LJ; Santana-Filho, VJ; Santos, MRVD; Souza, DS; Vasconcelos, CML, 2019)	1.49
"Limonene is a monoterpenoid compound, which is founded in a lot of plants' essential oils with good antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens, but it has an ambiguous antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanism against Listeria monocytogenes "	( Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Antibacterial Mechanism of Limonene against Chen, W; Han, Y; Sun, Z, 2019)	2.2
"Limonene is an abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere and one of the main precursors of secondary organic aerosol. "	( New Insights into Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation: Water Binding to Limonene. Loru, D; Murugachandran, SI; Peña, I; Sanz, ME; Tang, J, 2021)	2.3
"Limonene is an important plant natural product widely used in food and cosmetics production as well as in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. "	( Simultaneous Improvement of Limonene Production and Tolerance in Foo, JL; Li, J; Li, S; Ma, L; Miao, L; Rong, L; Xiao, D; Yu, A; Zhang, C; Zhao, Y; Zhu, K, 2021)	2.36
"Limonene (LIM) is a monoterpene, which is abundant in essential oils of Citrus fruits peels (Rutaceae). "	( Anticancer activity of limonene: A systematic review of target signaling pathways. Araújo-Filho, HG; Carvalho, MTB; Dos Santos, JF; Fruitier-Arnaudin, I; Groult, H; Picot, L; Quintans, JSS; Quintans-Júnior, LJ, 2021)	2.37
"Limonene is a monoterpene confined to the family of "	( Neuroprotective Potential of Limonene and Limonene Containing Natural Products. Beiram, R; Eddin, LB; Jha, NK; Kesari, KK; Meeran, MFN; Ojha, S, 2021)	2.36
"Limonene is a low-cost, low toxicity biodegradable terpene present in agricultural wastes derived from citrus peels."	( Conversion of Limonene over Heterogeneous Catalysis: An Overview. Bajaj, T; Jain, S; Mohajer, F; Tomar, R; Yadav, P; Ziarani, GM, 2022)	1.8
"d-Limonene is a fragrant chemical that widely exists in aromatic products. "	( Water accelerated transformation of d-limonene induced by ultraviolet irradiation and air exposure. Chen, F; Du, XP; Hong, P; Jiang, ZD; Li, LJ; Ni, H; Sun, H; Wu, LM; Yang, YF, 2018)	1.47
"Limonene is a major constituent of citrus oil and most frequently used terpene in food and beverage industry due to its pleasant fragrance, nontoxic, and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) flavoring agent as well as treatment option in many gastrointestinal diseases.Limonene exhibited excellent anti-Candida activity and was equally effective against planktonic growth of C."	( Limonene inhibits Candida albicans growth by inducing apoptosis. Karuppayil, SM; Kazi, R; Kharat, K; Kodgire, S; Kulkarni, M; Mulange, S; Patil, R; Santhakumari, B; Shelar, A; Thakre, A; Zore, G, 2018)	2.64
"d-Limonene is a natural monoterpene abundant in Citrus essential oils. "	( Early LC3 lipidation induced by d-limonene does not rely on mTOR inhibition, ERK activation and ROS production and it is associated with reduced clonogenic capacity of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Adornetto, A; Bagetta, G; Berliocchi, L; Cerri, S; Chiappini, C; Corasaniti, MT; Gentile, D; Russo, R, 2018)	1.48
"Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene (CTL) found in citrus fruits and many plant kingdoms. "	( Limonene promotes osteoblast differentiation and 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake through p38MAPK and Akt signaling pathways in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Choi, KC; Kim, DH; Kuppusamy, P; Sivanesan, R; Soundharrajan, I; Srisesharam, S, 2018)	3.37
"Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene repellent to some insects that occurs in citrus fruit rinds and in other plants."	( Effects of Laboratory Grade Limonene and a Commercial Limonene-Based Insecticide on Haematobia irritans irritans (Muscidae: Diptera): Deterrence, Mortality, and Reproduction. Harlien, JL; Perez de Léon, AA; Showler, AT, 2019)	1.53
"(+)-Limonene epoxide is a mixture of cis and trans isomers found in many plants."	( Anthelmintic activity of the natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide against Schistosoma mansoni. Almeida, AA; Brito, MR; Freitas, RM; Lima, TC; Marques, TH; Mendonça, RZ; Moraes, Jd; Nakano, E; Sousa, DP, 2013)	1.12
"Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. "	( An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene. Andersen, KE; Bråred Christensson, J; Bruze, M; Garcia-Bravo, B; Giménez-Arnau, A; Goh, CL; Johansen, JD; Nixon, R; White, IR, 2013)	2.06
"Limonene is a biorenewable cycloterpene solvent coming from orange peel waste."	( Use of limonene in countercurrent chromatography: a green alkane substitute. Berthod, A; Bouju, E; Faure, K; Suchet, P, 2013)	1.57
"Limonene is a bioactive food component found in citrus peel oil that has shown chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in preclinical studies. "	( Human breast tissue disposition and bioactivity of limonene in women with early-stage breast cancer. Chow, HH; Cordova, C; Hsu, CH; Lang, JE; Ley, M; Miller, JA; Nagle, R; Thompson, PA; Waer, A, 2013)	2.08
"Limonene is a valuable monoterpene used in the production of several commodity chemicals and medicinal compounds. "	( Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for limonene and perillyl alcohol production. Adams, PD; Alonso-Gutierrez, J; Batth, TS; Chan, R; Keasling, JD; Lee, TS; Petzold, CJ, 2013)	2.09
"D-limonene is a major constituent in citrus essential oil, which is used in various foods as a flavoring agent. "	( Preventive and ameliorating effects of citrus D-limonene on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Fan, S; Gu, M; Guan, Y; Huang, C; Jing, L; Lu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2013)	1.37
"Thus limonene is a potent protein glycation inhibitor that prevents protein glycation through a novel mechanism of stabilization of protein structure through hydrophobic interactions."	( A novel mechanism for antiglycative action of limonene through stabilization of protein conformation. Arvindekar, AU; Chougale, AD; Joglekar, MM; Kulkarni, MJ; Panaskar, SN, 2013)	1.1
"D-limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene and has been found to posses numerous therapeutic properties. "	( D-limonene suppresses doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via repression of COX-2, iNOS, and NFκB in kidneys of Wistar rats. Ali, N; Hassan, SK; Khan, AQ; Khan, R; Lateef, A; Rashid, S; Rehman, MU; Sultana, S; Tahir, M; Zeeshan, M, 2014)	1.85
"(+)-limonene is a lipophilic antimicrobial compound, extracted from citrus fruits' essential oils, that is used as a flavouring agent and organic solvent by the food industry. "	( Differential mechanism of Escherichia coli Inactivation by (+)-limonene as a function of cell physiological state and drug's concentration. Chueca, B; García-Gonzalo, D; Pagán, R, 2014)	1.2
"R-Limonene is a common fragrance terpene found in domestic and industrial products. "	( Positive patch test reactions to oxidized limonene: exposure and relevance. Andersen, KE; Bråred Christensson, J; Bruze, M; Garcia-Bravo, B; Gimenez Arnau, A; Goh, CL; Johansen, JD; Nixon, R; White, IR, 2014)	1.39
"Limonene is a frequent occupational sensitizer in hand cleansers and cleaning products. "	( Occupational contact dermatitis caused by D-limonene. Aalto-Korte, K; Henriks-Eckerman, ML; Kuuliala, O; Pesonen, M; Suomela, S, 2014)	2.11
"(+)-Limonene is a renewable chemical with numerous and growing applications. "	( Limonene: a versatile chemical of the bioeconomy. Ciriminna, R; Demma Carà, P; Lomeli-Rodriguez, M; Lopez-Sanchez, JA; Pagliaro, M, 2014)	2.4
"Limonene is a lipophilic monoterpene found in high levels in citrus peel. "	( Plasma metabolomic profiles of breast cancer patients after short-term limonene intervention. Chow, HH; Hu, C; Keun, HC; Lang, JE; Miller, JA; Pappan, K; Siskos, AP; Thompson, PA; Want, EJ; Wulff, J, 2015)	2.09
"D-Limonene is a component of essential oil extracted from citrus fruits. "	( Nanoemulsion of D-limonene in water system prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. Huang, DW; Li, PH; Lu, WC; Zhang, TJ, )	1.19
"D-Limonene is a terpenic (bio)-solvent that fulfils the requirements to be considered a green solvent."	( Development of eco-friendly submicron emulsions stabilized by a bio-derived gum. Muñoz, J; Pérez-Mosqueda, LM; Ramírez, P; Santos, J; Trujillo-Cayado, LA, 2014)	0.96
"d-Limonene is a natural occurring solvent that can replace more pollutant chemicals in agrochemical formulations. "	( Formulation and optimization by experimental design of eco-friendly emulsions based on d-limonene. Carrillo, F; Muñoz, J; Pérez-Mosqueda, LM; Ramírez, P; Trujillo-Cayado, LA, 2015)	1.36
"S-limonene synthase is a model monoterpene synthase that cyclizes geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) to form S-limonene. "	( Converting S-limonene synthase to pinene or phellandrene synthases reveals the plasticity of the active site. Ai, Y; Wang, J; Xu, J; Yang, D; Zhang, Y, 2017)	1.55
"Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene (C"	( Functional and Structural Characterization of a (+)-Limonene Synthase from Citrus sinensis. Entova, S; Kumar, RP; Matos, JO; Morehouse, BR; Olsen, SN; Oprian, DD, 2017)	1.43
"Limonene is a monoterpene that has antitumoral, antibiotic and antiprotozoal activity. "	( Inhibitory activity of limonene against Leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo. Arruda, DC; Katzin, AM; Miguel, DC; Uliana, SR; Yokoyama-Yasunaka, JK, 2009)	2.11
"Limonene is a monoterpene present in citrus fruit and is used as flavouring agents of foods. "	( Antioxidant activity of limonene on normal murine lymphocytes: relation to H2O2 modulation and cell proliferation. Anesini, C; Graciela, F; Micucci, P; Roberto, D; Sebastian, T, 2010)	2.11
"D-limonene is a common monoterpene found in nature. "	( Limonene exerts antiproliferative effects and increases nitric oxide levels on a lymphoma cell line by dual mechanism of the ERK pathway: relationship with oxidative stress. Anesini, C; Barreiro Arcos, ML; Cremaschi, G; Davicino, R; Ferraro, G; Manuele, MG, 2010)	2.52
"d-limonene is a bioactive food component found in high concentration in citrus peel oil with anticancer effects in preclinical studies of mammary carcinogenesis. "	( Adipose tissue accumulation of d-limonene with the consumption of a lemonade preparation rich in d-limonene content. Chew, W; Chow, HH; Hakim, IA; Miller, JA; Thompson, P; Thomson, CA, 2010)	1.36
"Limonene is a major aromatic compound in essential oils extracted from citrus rind. "	( Limonene, a natural cyclic terpene, is an agonistic ligand for adenosine A(2A) receptors. Jun, HJ; Lee, JH; Lee, SJ; Park, HM; Yaoyao, J, 2011)	3.25
"(+)-Limonene is a chemical constituent of various bioactive essential oils."	( Anxiolytic-like activity and GC-MS analysis of (R)-(+)-limonene fragrance, a natural compound found in foods and plants. Alves, MF; Cardoso, RB; de Almeida, RN; de Morais, LC; De Sousa, DP; De Souza, FS; Lima, NG; Macedo, RO; Melo Diniz, Mde F; Pimenta, FC, 2013)	1.12
"Limonene is a common component found in consumer goods ranging from beverages to cleaning compounds. "	( Determination of limonene oxidation products using SPME and GC-MS. Clemons, J; Marine, SS, 2003)	2.1
"d-Limonene is a natural component of a variety of foods and beverages and is found mainly in citrus fruits."	( Development of a questionnaire and a database for assessing dietary d-limonene intake. Alberts, D; Graver, E; Hakim, IA; Hartz, V; Whitacre, R, 2002)	1.11
"Limonene is a primary component of citrus essential oils (EOs) and has been reported to induce apoptosis on tumor cells. "	( Induction of apoptosis by Citrus paradisi essential oil in human leukemic (HL-60) cells. Hata, T; Ikeda, N; Kato, Y; Minamino, M; Mori, M; Sakaguchi, I; Watabe, K, )	1.57
"d-Limonene is an unsaturated volatile organic chemical found in cleaning products, air fresheners and soaps. "	( Pulmonary effects of inhaled limonene ozone reaction products in elderly rats. Kipen, HM; Laskin, DL; Laskin, JD; Laumbach, RJ; Lim, HJ; Patel, KJ; Sunil, VR; Turpin, BJ, 2007)	1.35
"d-Limonene is a hyaline droplet inducing agent and produces nephrotoxicity in male rats when the 1,2-epoxide metabolite binds to alpha 2u-globulin. "	( d-Limonene induced hyaline droplet nephropathy in alpha 2u-globulin transgenic mice. Caudill, D; Lehman-McKeeman, LD, 1994)	1.73
"Limonene is a farnesyl transferase inhibitor that has shown antitumor properties. "	( Identification and characterization of limonene metabolites in patients with advanced cancer by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Coombes, RC; Griggs, LJ; Jarman, M; Poon, GK; Rowlands, MG; Vigushin, D, 1996)	2.01
"D-Limonene is a natural monoterpene with pronounced chemotherapeutic activity and minimal toxicity in preclinical studies. "	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of D-limonene in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials Committee. Boddy, A; Coombes, RC; English, J; Halbert, GW; Jarman, M; Pagonis, C; Poon, GK; Vigushin, DM, 1998)	1.29
"d-limonene was found to be a sensitizer after prolonged exposure to air according to 2 Freund's complete adjuvant test (FCAT) experiments and 1 guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) study."	( Air oxidation of d-limonene (the citrus solvent) creates potent allergens. Karlberg, AT; Magnusson, K; Nilsson, U, 1992)	1.17
"d-Limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene, which when dosed orally, causes a male rat-specific nephrotoxicity manifested acutely as the exacerbation of protein droplets in proximal tubule cells. "	( d-Limonene-induced male rat-specific nephrotoxicity: evaluation of the association between d-limonene and alpha 2u-globulin. Caudill, D; Fey, ML; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Rodriguez, PA; Takigiku, R, 1989)	1.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"d-Limonene has a neuroprotective effect on corticosterone-induced PC12 cell injury induced by activating the AMPKα signaling pathway, and thereby inhibiting reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors."	( d-Limonene protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity by activating the AMPK pathway. Geng, D; Guo, XH; Tang, XP; Weng, LJ, 2019)	1.79
"Limonene has a strong tendency to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere and in indoor environments. "	( Influence of ozone and radical chemistry on limonene organic aerosol production and thermal characteristics. Cai, C; Emanuelsson, EU; Hallquist, AM; Hallquist, M; Lutz, A; Pathak, RK; Salo, K, 2012)	2.08
"Limonene has a high emission rate both from biogenic sources and from household solvents. "	( Secondary organic aerosol formation from limonene ozonolysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous influences as a function of NO(x). Donahue, NM; Huff Hartz, KE; Pandis, SN; Zhang, J, 2006)	2.04
"D-limonene has been portrayed as one of the effective potential candidate centered to the context of breast cancer."	( Proximal discrepancy in intrinsic atomic interaction arrests G2/M phase by inhibiting Cyclin B1/CDK1 to infer molecular and cellular biocompatibility of D-limonene. Mandal, D; Parija, T; Patel, P; Sahu, BR; Verma, SK, 2022)	1.48
"Limonene has effective anti-inflammatory activity in both preventing and controlling respiratory system injuries."	( Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Limonene in the Prevention and Control of Injuries in the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review. Araujo, AAS; de Albuquerque Junior, RLC; de Carvalho, FO; Dos Santos, MRV; Junior, JSC; Nunes, PS; Santana, HSR; Santos, DN; Santos, NGL; Shanmugam, S; Silva, ER; Wisniewski, JO, 2020)	2.29
"d-Limonene has a neuroprotective effect on corticosterone-induced PC12 cell injury induced by activating the AMPKα signaling pathway, and thereby inhibiting reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors."	( d-Limonene protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity by activating the AMPK pathway. Geng, D; Guo, XH; Tang, XP; Weng, LJ, 2019)	1.79
"Limonene has the capability to be a "green" alternative to petroleum-based solvents in CCC applications."	( Use of limonene in countercurrent chromatography: a green alkane substitute. Berthod, A; Bouju, E; Faure, K; Suchet, P, 2013)	1.57
"d-Limonene has been designated as a chemical with low toxicity based upon lethal dose (LD50) and repeated-dose toxicity studies when administered orally to animals."	( Safety evaluation and risk assessment of d-Limonene. Bang, du Y; Cho, MC; Choi, SM; Chung, BY; Kim, HS; Kim, KB; Kim, MJ; Kim, YS; Kim, YW; Kwack, SJ; Lee, BM; Lim, DS; Lim, SK; Yoon, K, 2013)	1.21
"d-Limonene has been considered to be a safer alternative compared to synthetic antimicrobial food additives. "	( Effects of nisin on the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene and its nanoemulsion. Liang, H; Vriesekoop, F; Yuan, Q; Zhang, Z, 2014)	1.37
"Limonene has various influence on terbutaline induced effects in certain tissues."	( [The effect of R(+) limonene on β-adrenergic signaling in smooth muscles: the significance of oxidative stress index]. Ducza, E; Földesi, I; Gáspár, R; Hajagos-Tóth, J; Hódi, Á, 2014)	1.45
"Limonene has various influence on terbutaline induced effects in certain tissues."	( [The effect of R(+) limonene on β - adrenerg signaling: the significance of oxidative stress index]. Ducza, E; Földesi, I; Gáspár, R; Hajagos-Tóth, J; Hódi, Á, 2014)	1.45
"D-limonene has been demonstrated to have important immunomodulatory properties, including antitumor effects, and may alleviate asthma and allergies. "	( D-limonene exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in an ulcerative colitis rat model via regulation of iNOS, COX-2, PGE2 and ERK signaling pathways. Sun, Z; Yan, J; Yu, L, 2017)	1.9
"Limonene which has been reported to be a good enhancer for ketoprofen was selected."	( Effect of limonene on permeation enhancement of ketoprofen in palm oil esters nanoemulsion. Azmin, MN; Elrashid, SM; Ghassan, ZA; Kanakal, MM; Laila, L; Munavvar, AS; Muthanna, FA; Sakeena, MH, 2010)	1.48
"Limonene has a strong tendency to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere and in indoor environments. "	( Influence of ozone and radical chemistry on limonene organic aerosol production and thermal characteristics. Cai, C; Emanuelsson, EU; Hallquist, AM; Hallquist, M; Lutz, A; Pathak, RK; Salo, K, 2012)	2.08
"d-Limonene toxicosis has been rarely described in dogs and cats."	( Acute necrotizing dermatitis and septicemia after application of a d-limonene-based insecticidal shampoo in a cat. Budgin, JB; Lee, JA; Mauldin, EA, 2002)	1.11
"d-limonene has antiangiogenic and proapoptotic effects on gastric cancer, thereby inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. "	( Inhibition of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer implanted in nude mice by d-limonene. Feng, BA; Lu, XG; Qu, MY; Xie, JH; Yu, LH; Zhan, LB, 2004)	1.27
"Limonene has promise as a safe, natural pesticide for insect pests on tolerant plants."	( Limonene, a citrus extract, for control of mealybugs and scale insects. Hollingsworth, RG, 2005)	2.49
"Limonene has been found to be major component (84.2%)."	( Effects of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck epicarp essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger (L.) Van Tieghem. Sharma, N; Tripathi, A, 2008)	1.07
"Limonene has a high emission rate both from biogenic sources and from household solvents. "	( Secondary organic aerosol formation from limonene ozonolysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous influences as a function of NO(x). Donahue, NM; Huff Hartz, KE; Pandis, SN; Zhang, J, 2006)	2.04
"D-limonene has well-established chemopreventive activity against many types of cancer."	( D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications. Sun, J, 2007)	1.62
"d-Limonene has efficacy in preclinical models of breast cancer, causing > 80% of carcinomas to regress with little host toxicity. "	( Human metabolism of the experimental cancer therapeutic agent d-limonene. Bailey, HH; Crowell, PL; Elegbede, A; Elson, CE; Gould, MN; Haag, JD, 1994)	1.25
"Limonene has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models of breast and colon cancers. "	( Citrus peel use is associated with reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Hakim, IA; Harris, RB; Ritenbaugh, C, 2000)	1.75
"Limonene has many commercial applications and has been introduced as an environmentally acceptable solvent replacing halogenated hydrocarbons. "	( Additive toxicity of limonene and 50% oxygen and the role of glutathione in detoxification in human lung cells. Djurhuus, R; Rolseth, V; Svardal, AM, 2002)	2.08
"Limonene has been shown to be an effective, nontoxic chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent in chemically induced rat mammary-cancer models. "	( Identification of metabolites of the antitumor agent d-limonene capable of inhibiting protein isoprenylation and cell growth. Crowell, PL; Gould, MN; Lin, S; Vedejs, E, 1992)	1.97
"Limonene has chemotherapeutic activity against chemically induced rat mammary carcinomas, many of which contain activated ras genes. "	( Selective inhibition of isoprenylation of 21-26-kDa proteins by the anticarcinogen d-limonene and its metabolites. Chang, RR; Crowell, PL; Elson, CE; Gould, MN; Ren, ZB, 1991)	1.95

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Limonene shock did cause a compensatory response to cell wall damage through overexpression of several genes (ROM1, RLM1, PIR3, CTT1, YGP1, MLP1, PST1, and CWP1) involved with the cell wall integrity signaling pathway."	( Physiological and transcriptional responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to d-limonene show changes to the cell wall but not to the plasma membrane. Brennan, TC; Krömer, JO; Nielsen, LK, 2013)	1.34
"Limonene failed to increase the mutant frequency in the liver or kidney of the rats, and sodium saccharin failed to increase the mutant frequency in the liver or bladder of the rats."	( The male rat carcinogens limonene and sodium saccharin are not mutagenic to male Big Blue rats. Ashby, J; Piegorsch, W; Schmezer, P; Tinwell, H; Turner, SD, 2001)	1.34

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"Limonene (+) treatment did not affect Aβ42 accumulation and aggregation, but did cause to decrease cell death, reactive oxygen species levels, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and inflammation in the brains or the eye imaginal discs of Aβ42-expressing flies."	( Neuroprotective Effects of Limonene (+) against Aβ42-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cho, KS; Choi, B; Koo, BS; Lee, B; Lee, IS; Liu, QF; Shin, C; Shin, M; Song, YJ; Yuan, C; Yun, HS, 2020)	1.58
"The limonene treated group showed increased locomotor activity and open-arm preference in the elevated plus maze experiment. "	( Limonene has anti-anxiety activity via adenosine A2A receptor-mediated regulation of dopaminergic and GABAergic neuronal function in the striatum. Cha, HJ; Hong, JT; Lamichhane, S; Seo, J; Seo, S; Song, Y; Yun, J, 2021)	2.62
"D-limonene treatment was found to significantly decrease DNA damage, GR enzyme activities and MDA levels and significantly increase GSH levels and CAT, SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities and altered lipid and liver enzyme parameters in diabetic rats."	( d-limonene ameliorates diabetes and its complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Anlar, HG; Arı, N; Aydın, S; Bacanlı, M; Başaran, AA; Başaran, N; Çal, T; Ündeğer Bucurgat, Ü, 2017)	1.73
"D-limonene treatment was found to be accompanied by intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)."	( Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to D-limonene-induced oxidative stress. Chen, J; Du, G; Liu, J; Zhou, J; Zhu, Y, 2013)	1.21
"D-Limonene treatment also extended the latency period of tumor development from 4 to 9 weeks."	( D-Limonene modulates inflammation, oxidative stress and Ras-ERK pathway to inhibit murine skin tumorigenesis. Alam, MS; Athar, M; Chaudhary, SC; Siddiqui, MS, 2012)	1.66
"In D-limonene-treated cells, the membrane fluidity, permeability and saturated fatty acid ratio increased, whereas the intracellular ergosterol concentration decreased sharply."	( Exogenous ergosterol protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae from D-limonene stress. Chen, J; Du, G; Liu, J; Zhou, J; Zhu, Y, 2013)	1.09
"Limonene pretreatment at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung myeloperoxidase activity."	( Suppression of MAPK and NF-κB pathways by limonene contributes to attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in acute lung injury. Chi, G; Liu, F; Soromou, LW; Wei, M; Xie, X; Zhao, S, 2013)	1.38
"The limonene treatment significantly increased the concentration of total phenolics in the leaves of both cultivars, and MeJA treatment increased phenolic concentration in the leaves of Parano."	( Influence of carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) feeding or exogenous limonene or methyl jasmonate treatment on composition of carrot (Daucus carota) leaf essential oil and headspace volatiles. Holopainen, JK; Ibrahim, M; Kainulainen, P; Nissinen, A; Tiilikkala, K, 2005)	1.05
"Limonene and camphene-treated samples yielded negligible differences in radial growth and morphology when compared to unexposed controls."	( The effects of selected cotton-leaf volatiles on growth, development and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus. Bhatnagar, D; Cleveland, TE; Greene-McDowelle, DM; Ingber, B; Wright, MS; Zeringue, HJ, 1999)	1.02
"d-Limonene treatment alone caused a significant increase in the number of atypical tubules and atypical hyperplasias in F344 rats when compared with the F344 vehicle control."	( The presence of alpha 2u-globulin is necessary for d-limonene promotion of male rat kidney tumors. Dietrich, DR; Swenberg, JA, 1991)	1.09
"Pretreatment with limonene increased cell viability followed by inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells."	( Limonene protects human skin keratinocytes against UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging by activating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system. Kumar, KJS; Vani, MG; Wang, SY, 2022)	2.49
"Pretreatment with limonene prior to MG exposure reduced MG-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and adenosine triphosphate loss, and reduced the levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, and nitric oxide."	( Limonene protects osteoblasts against methylglyoxal-derived adduct formation by regulating glyoxalase, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. Choi, EM; Chon, S; Suh, KS, 2017)	2.22
"Treatment with limonene significantly reduced the levels of IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, MCP-1, and TGF-β₁ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid."	( Limonene inhalation reduces allergic airway inflammation in Dermatophagoides farinae-treated mice. Bhatti, SA; Dumavibhat, N; Eitoku, M; Hirota, R; Muzembo, BA; Nakamura, H; Ngatu, NR; Sawamura, M; Suganuma, N, 2012)	2.16
"Mice treated with d-limonene prior to KLH priming produced significant increased antibody responses."	( Modulation of immune responses in mice by d-limonene. Bush, PB; Evans, DL; Jacobsen, KL; Miller, DM, 1987)	0.85

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No adverse changes attributable to treatment were observed in rats fed the combination at one-quarter of the NNEL."	( Subacute (4-wk) oral toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxins in rats: comparison with the toxicity of the individual compounds. Feron, VJ; Jonker, D; Til, HP; van Bladeren, PJ; Woutersen, RA, 1993)	0.29
"Both solvents proved toxic at the same levels of concentrations of 1:100 and 1:400 (P>."	( Cytotoxicity evaluation of gutta-percha solvents: Chloroform and GP-Solvent (limonene). Kamolroongwarakul, R; Pewklieng, L; Suwannawong, SK; Vajrabhaya, LO, 2004)	0.55
" D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent and can be found in common food items such as fruit juices, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and pudding."	( D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications. Sun, J, 2007)	1.68
" The inhibitory effect of monoterpenes was comparatively smaller than of the crude essential oil and beta-myrcene was most toxic followed by p-cymene, whereas limonene was least toxic."	( Phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Batish, DR; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Mittal, S; Singh, HP, )	0.33
" longifolia plantlets and callus may be regarded as a potential source of a safe flavouring agent."	( Mentha longifolia in vitro cultures as safe source of flavouring ingredients. Bertoli, A; Krzyzanowska, J; Leonardi, M; Oleszek, W; Pistelli, L, 2011)	0.37
" Other than the adverse dermal effects noted in humans, other notable toxic effects of d-limonene have not been reported."	( Safety evaluation and risk assessment of d-Limonene. Bang, du Y; Cho, MC; Choi, SM; Chung, BY; Kim, HS; Kim, KB; Kim, MJ; Kim, YS; Kim, YW; Kwack, SJ; Lee, BM; Lim, DS; Lim, SK; Yoon, K, 2013)	0.87
"A high diversity of plant defenses may be a response to herbivore diversity or may be collectively more toxic than single compounds, either of which may be important for understanding insect-plant associations."	( Toxicity of Monoterpene Structure, Diversity and Concentration to Mountain Pine Beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae: Beetle Traits Matter More. LaFramboise, LM; Reid, ML; Sekhon, JK, 2017)	0.46
" To uncover the effects of complex P nutrients on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria and their toxic effects on other algae, the VOCs from Microcystis flos-aquae supplied with different types and amount of P nutrients were analyzed, and the effects of VOCs and their two main compounds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated."	( Effects of phosphorus sources on volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis flos-aquae and their toxic effects on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Xu, Q; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Zhao, J; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2018)	0.48
" The following subjects are discussed: composition of perfumes, contact with fragrances, diagnosing fragrance allergy, frequency of allergy, clinical picture of allergic contact dermatitis, culprit products, occupational contact dermatitis, and other adverse effects of fragrances."	( Fragrances: Contact Allergy and Other Adverse Effects. de Groot, AC, )	0.13
" Effective and safe therapeutic treatments have yet to be developed for IBS."	( Efficacy and safety of a food supplement with standardized menthol, limonene, and gingerol content in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Beniashvili, AG; Erlykin, AG; Ivashkin, VT; Kovaleva, AL; Krasnov, GS; Kudryavtseva, AV; Mamieva, ZA; Morozova, MA; Poluektov, YM; Poluektova, EA; Shifrin, OS; Trush, EA; Ulyanin, AI, 2022)	0.96
" Both forms of D-limonene were found to be safe when applied to the normal human skin fibroblast cell line, but DLN was toxic to skin cell carcinoma."	( Safety and Efficacy of Pure and a Nanosuspension of D-limonene for Controlling Pigeon Lice. Abd El-Kareem, SG; Abdel-Baki, AS; Aboelhadid, SM; Al-Quraishy, S; Arafa, WM; Gadelhaq, SM; Hassan, AO; Hassan, KM; Ibrahium, SM, 2023)	1.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In order to characterize their pharmacokinetic profiles and aptitude to permeate in the central nervous system after intravenous and oral administration to rats, new analytical procedures, easily achievable with HPLC-UV techniques, were developed."	( Pharmacokinetic and Permeation Studies in Rat Brain of Natural Compounds Led to Investigate Eugenol as Direct Activator of Dopamine Release in PC12 Cells. Bianchi, A; Botti, G; Dalpiaz, A; Ferraro, L; Pavan, B; Spisni, E; Valerii, MC, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The similarities and differences of essential oil components in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (PCRV) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) were investigated by GC-MS combined with a chemometric method, named alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA)."	( Comparative analysis of essential oil components in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae by GC-MS combined with chemometric resolution method. Gao, H; Li, H; Liang, Y; Wang, Y; Yi, L; Yuan, D; Zeng, M, 2008)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The oral bioavailability of d-limonene was 43."	( Pharmacokinetics of d-limonene in the rat by GC-MS assay. Budd, T; Chan, KK; Chen, H, 1998)	0.9
" Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to more completely evaluate the interrelationships between peel intake, bioavailability of d-limonene, and other lifestyle factors."	( Citrus peel use is associated with reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Hakim, IA; Harris, RB; Ritenbaugh, C, 2000)	0.51
" The bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers indicated that the TTS of nicardipine hydrochloride, designed in the present study, provided steady state plasma concentration of the drug with minimal fluctuations for 20 h with improved bioavailability in comparison with the immediate release capsule dosage form."	( Influence of limonene on the bioavailability of nicardipine hydrochloride from membrane-moderated transdermal therapeutic systems in human volunteers. Bhaskar, P; Krishnaiah, YS; Satyanarayana, V, 2002)	0.68
" The bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers indicated that the TTS of nimodipine, designed in the present study, provided steady-state plasma concentration of the drug with minimal fluctuations for 20 hr with improved bioavailability in comparison with the immediate release tablet dosage form."	( Formulation and evaluation of limonene-based membrane-moderated transdermal therapeutic system of nimodipine. Bhaskar, P; Krishnaiah, YS; Satyanarayana, V, )	0.42
"A randomized, three-period crossover study was conducted in 24 healthy Chinese male volunteers to compare the bioavailability of two brands of D-limonene (0."	( Bioequivalence evaluation of two D-limonene capsule formulations in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, Z; Gao, Z; Guo, Y; Jiang, X; Liu, T, 2008)	0.82
" Novel analogs of I3C were designed to enhance the overall efficacy, particularly with respect to the therapeutic activity and oral bioavailability and that results in several patent applications on symptoms associated with endometriosis, vaginal neoplasia, cervical dysplasia and mastalgia."	( Chemopreventive properties of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane and other constituents of cardamom against carcinogenesis. Acharya, A; Das, I; Saha, T; Singh, S, 2010)	0.36
" Extrapolation of preclinical data to human cancer is limited, in part, by inadequate information on the oral bioavailability and tissue disposition of d-limonene in humans."	( Adipose tissue accumulation of d-limonene with the consumption of a lemonade preparation rich in d-limonene content. Chew, W; Chow, HH; Hakim, IA; Miller, JA; Thompson, P; Thomson, CA, 2010)	0.84
" Compared with the group administered ENFX alone, the ENFX + limonene group did not show any significant difference in the absorption of ENFX, whereas the extent and rate of absorption of ENFX were significantly decreased in the ENFX + orange oil group (C(max), -43%; T(max), 129%)."	( Effect of orange oil on the oral absorption of enrofloxacin in rats. Hwang, YH; Kim, MS; Kim, TW; Lim, JH; Song, IB; Yun, HI, 2012)	0.62
" Their poor water-solubility and low bioavailability is a challenge to their incorporation into foods."	( Encapsulation of carotenoids extracted from halophilic Archaea in oil-in-water (O/W) micro- and nano-emulsions. Ammar, E; Chaari, M; Papadimitriou, V; Theochari, I; Xenakis, A, 2018)	0.48
"The current investigation aimed at formulating self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to ameliorate oral bioavailability of a hydrophobic functional ingredient, limonene."	( Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improved Oral Delivery of Limonene: Preparation, Characterization, in vitro and in vivo Evaluation. Adu-Frimpong, M; Deng, W; Firempong, CK; Liao, Y; Xu, W; Xu, X; Yu, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhu, Y, 2019)	0.94
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" However, 5-DTAN is a hydrophobic compound with poor aqueous solubility, which limits its oral bioavailability and efficacy."	( Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying delivery system containing 5-demethyltangeretin on inhibiting xenograft tumor growth in mice. Chou, YC; Ho, CT; Li, S; Pan, MH, 2020)	0.56
"23-fold increase in bioavailability of D-Lim solidified by γ-CD-MOF for inhalation compared to D-Lim for oral administration."	( Solidification of volatile D-Limonene by cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for pulmonary delivery via dry powder inhalers: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Cao, Z; Guo, T; Ren, X; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wu, L; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"d-Limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene, which when dosed orally, causes a male rat-specific nephrotoxicity manifested acutely as the exacerbation of protein droplets in proximal tubule cells."	( d-Limonene-induced male rat-specific nephrotoxicity: evaluation of the association between d-limonene and alpha 2u-globulin. Caudill, D; Fey, ML; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Rodriguez, PA; Takigiku, R, 1989)	1.72
" This histological change was accompanied by a treatment-related increase in alpha 2u-globulin in males only and a greater accumulation of radioactivity in renal cortex of the male rat compared with that in the females dosed with [14C]d-limonene."	( Acute and subchronic nephrotoxicity of d-limonene in Fischer 344 rats. Alden, CL; Ridder, GM; Webb, DR, 1989)	0.73
" When male adult rats received d-limonene by gavage (0-300 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days, dose-dependent increases in urinary excretion of alpha G-K were observed at a dosage level of more than 30 mg/kg/day."	( Alpha 2u-globulins in the urine of male rats: a reliable indicator for alpha 2u-globulin accumulation in the kidney. Kaneko, H; Nakatsuka, I; Saito, K; Shiba, K; Tomigahara, Y; Uwagawa, S, 1996)	0.58
"5% d-limonene in the drinking water, starting 1 week before the first dosing with AOM."	( Inhibitory effects of d-limonene on the development of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane in F344 rats. Hirose, Y; Kawamori, T; Mori, H; Ohnishi, M; Tanaka, T, 1996)	1.11
" When dosed orally to F344 rats, DHT (1 mmol/kg for 3 days) caused the characteristic exacerbation of hyaline droplets in male rat kidneys and increased renal levels of immunoreactive alpha 2u-globulin about threefold over control levels."	( 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole is a ligand for mouse urinary protein and rat alpha 2u-globulin: physiological and toxicological relevance. Caudill, D; Eddy, C; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Rodriguez, PA, 1998)	0.3
" Moreover, there was a dose-response relationship between higher citrus peel in the diet and degree of risk lowering."	( Citrus peel use is associated with reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Hakim, IA; Harris, RB; Ritenbaugh, C, 2000)	0.31
" BALF from rats dosed with D-limonene (1,000 mg/kg/d) enhanced the phagocytic activity of alveolar Mphi from control rats because the dose was prolonged."	( Distribution and immune responses resulting from oral administration of D-limonene in rats. Hamada, M; Kishino, Y; Matsushita, J; Uezu, K; Yamamoto, S, 2002)	0.84
" The bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers indicated that the TTS of nicardipine hydrochloride, designed in the present study, provided steady state plasma concentration of the drug with minimal fluctuations for 20 h with improved bioavailability in comparison with the immediate release capsule dosage form."	( Influence of limonene on the bioavailability of nicardipine hydrochloride from membrane-moderated transdermal therapeutic systems in human volunteers. Bhaskar, P; Krishnaiah, YS; Satyanarayana, V, 2002)	0.68
" The bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers indicated that the TTS of nimodipine, designed in the present study, provided steady-state plasma concentration of the drug with minimal fluctuations for 20 hr with improved bioavailability in comparison with the immediate release tablet dosage form."	( Formulation and evaluation of limonene-based membrane-moderated transdermal therapeutic system of nimodipine. Bhaskar, P; Krishnaiah, YS; Satyanarayana, V, )	0.42
"The aim of this study was to systematically obtain a model of factors that would yield an optimized self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form (SNCDF) of a highly lipophilic model compound, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ)."	( Response surface methodology for optimization and characterization of limonene-based coenzyme Q10 self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form. Khan, MA; Nutan, MT; Palamakula, A, 2004)	0.56
" In humans, d-limonene has demonstrated low toxicity after single and repeated dosing for up to one year."	( D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications. Sun, J, 2007)	1.42
" The essential oil and the three monoterpenes exhibited phytotoxicity and reduced germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll content and percent respiration of Avena sativa and Triticum aestivum in a dose-response manner."	( Phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Batish, DR; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Mittal, S; Singh, HP, )	0.13
" Male rat-specific tumours also occur in rats dosed with a range of compounds including 1,4- dichlorobenzene (DCB) and d-limonene (DL)."	( A Mechanism for the induction of renal tumours in male Fischer 344 rats by short-chain chlorinated paraffins. Elcombe, BM; Elcombe, CR; Foster, JR; Warnasuriya, GD, 2010)	0.57
" Our results demonstrate accumulation of d-limonene in adipose tissue after oral dosing and support additional studies of d-limonene for chemoprevention in tissues such as the breast that are comprised of a significant fat fraction."	( Adipose tissue accumulation of d-limonene with the consumption of a lemonade preparation rich in d-limonene content. Chew, W; Chow, HH; Hakim, IA; Miller, JA; Thompson, P; Thomson, CA, 2010)	0.9
"Tiaprofenic acid is a potent analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and like any other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, oral administration of the conventional dosage forms of tiaprofenic acid invariably causes gastrointestinal side effects."	( The effect of terpenes on percutaneous absorption of tiaprofenic acid gel. Kaptan, E; Nuriyev, M; Okyar, A; Ozturk, N; Pala-Kara, Z; Yildiz, A, 2010)	0.36
" Rats were dosed orally for 7 days to determine (1) if HDN (induced by 2-propanol or D-limonene) altered the newer renal biomarkers and not BUN or creatinine, (2) if renal biomarkers could distinguish between HDN and oxidative stress-induced kidney injury (induced by potassium bromate), (3) sensitivity of HDN-induced renal biomarker changes relative to D-limonene dose, and (4) reversibility of HDN and renal biomarkers, using vehicle or 300 mg/kg/day D-limonene with 7 days of dosing and necropsies scheduled over the period of Days 8-85."	( Renal biomarker changes associated with hyaline droplet nephropathy in rats are time and potentially compound dependent. Bentley, P; Brott, DA; Cheatham, L; Fikes, J; Kinter, LB; Luo, W; McGrath, F; Nadella, MV; Thurman, D, 2013)	0.61
" Previous studies of anaerobic digestion of citrus waste under different conditions are presented; however, some controversy exists regarding the limiting dosage of limonene for a stable process (24-192 mg of citrus essential oil per liter of digester and day)."	( Citrus essential oils and their influence on the anaerobic digestion process: an overview. Flotats, X; Ruiz, B, 2014)	0.6
" Thus, the patch may serve as an alternative therapy to oral dosage form of simvastatin with outmost patient compliance."	( Application of Response Surface Methodology for Design and Optimization of Reservoir-type Transdermal Patch of Simvastatin. Parhi, R; Patnaik, S; Suresh, P, 2016)	0.43
" The combination can reduce dosage of AMG by almost twenty times, paving the way for effective protein glycation inhibition without toxicity."	( Effective inhibition of protein glycation by combinatorial usage of limonene and aminoguanidine through differential and synergistic mechanisms. Arvindekar, AU; Bavkar, LN; Joglekar, MM; Sistla, S, 2017)	0.69
" Extensive research is required on overcoming the challenges regarding allergies and obtaining safer dosage limits."	( Citrus essential oils: Extraction, authentication and application in food preservation. Baral, E; Cho, MH; Koteswararao, R; Mahato, N; Sharma, K; Sinha, M, 2019)	0.51
" The solidification of D-Lim by γ-CD-MOF played a crucial role in the exploitation of its inhalable dosage form, dry powder inhaler (DPI)."	( Solidification of volatile D-Limonene by cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for pulmonary delivery via dry powder inhalers: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Cao, Z; Guo, T; Ren, X; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wu, L; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhou, Y, 2021)	0.91
" In the acute dosing experiment, limonene and β-myrcene exposed groups demonstrated a significant decrease in locomotion, a decrease in anxiety-like behaviour, and an increase in boldness, while linalool treatment groups demonstrated only minor alterations in locomotion."	( Robust behavioural effects in response to acute, but not repeated, terpene administration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Hamilton, TJ; Leigh, S; Szaszkiewicz, J, 2021)	0.9
" Increasing gene dosage can overcome these bottlenecks, but current approaches suffer from numerous drawbacks."	( An in vivo gene amplification system for high level expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cheah, LC; Dumsday, G; Esquirol, L; Howard, CB; Lu, Z; Peng, B; Scott, C; Shen, Q; Trau, M; Vickers, CE, 2022)	0.72

Product Category	Products
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Beignets sucrés	1
Other	11
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Frutas y verduras y sus productos, Frutas y sus productos, Productos deshidratados, Alimentos de origen vegetal deshidratados, Frutas deshidratadas, Uvas pasas, Uvas pasas sultanas	1
Beverages, Tea-based beverages, Iced teas	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Breads, Flatbreads, White breads, Wheat breads, Wheat flatbreads	1
Petit-déjeuners, Produits à tartiner, Produits à tartiner sucrés, Produits de la ruche, Produits d'élevages, Édulcorants, Miels, Miels de colza	1
Productos del mar, Conservas, Pescados, en:Fatty fishes, Conservas de pescado, Sardinas, Sardinas en conserva, Sardinas en aceite, Sardinas en aceite de oliva	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Frutos de cáscara y derivados, Frutos de cáscara, Frutos de cáscara sin cáscara	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Biscuits et gâteaux, Gâteaux	1
Snacks, Zoete snacks, Koekjes en cakes, Ontbijtkoeken	1
Beauty & Personal Care	149
Baby & Kids Products	4
Household Essentials	29
Vitamins & Supplements	3

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Alaffia Authentic African Black Soap All-In-One - Citrus Ginger -- 32 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citral, geraniol, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Authentic African Black Soap All-In-One - Rosewater Peony -- 32 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	citronellol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Babies & Kids Shampoo & Body Wash Lemon Lavender -- 16 fl oz	Alaffia	Baby & Kids Products	decyl glucoside, ethylhexylglycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, coco-betaine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Beautiful Curls - Curl Define Custard -- 8 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Beautiful Curls - Curl Enhance Leave-In Conditioner -- 12 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, isopropyl myristate, limonene, magnesium sulfate, oat	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Beautiful Curls Curl Defining Gel -- 8 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, limonene, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Beautiful Curls Curl Styling Cream -- 8 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, decyl glucoside, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, oat, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Everyday Shea Body Wash - Vanilla Mint -- 32 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	ethylhexylglycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, coco-betaine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Even & Bright Renewing Cream -- 2 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, allantoin, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, tocopherol, panthenol, erythritol, triethyl citrate, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, linalyl acetate, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium hydroxide, sorbitol, squalane, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, thioctic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian 3-in-1 Clean Towelettes Pineapple Enzyme -- 25 Towelettes	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, allantoin, allyl caproate, ascorbyl glucoside, benzoic acid, citral, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Conditioner Body Builder Mango -- 32 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, linolenic acid, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, panthenol, glycerin, dimethicone, limonene, linoleic acid, phenoxyethanol, retinyl palmitate, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Detox Body Wash Volcanic Clay -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, allyl caproate, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Detox Scrub Volcanic Clay -- 4 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, allyl caproate, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, triethyl citrate, glycerin, limonene, glyceryl caprylate, sodium benzoate, sodium cocoyl glutamate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Facial Mask Papaya Enzyme -- 3 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, panthenol, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Lip Balm Coconut Cream -- 0.15 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, citral, tocopherol, tocopherol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Shampoo Body Builder Mango -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, linolenic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, retinyl palmitate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian SPF 50 Sunscreen Lotion Island Vibe -- 3 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, citronellol, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, dimethicone, homosalate, hydroxycitronellal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Hawaiian Sunscreen SPF 30 Broad Spectrum -- 3 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, citronellol, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, dimethicone, hydroxycitronellal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Natural Acnedote Deep Pore Wash -- 6 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	Citric Acid, Benzoic Acid, Citral, Citric Acid, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Dehydroacetic Acid, Glycerin, Limonene, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Natural Acnedote Invisible Treatment Gel -- 0.5 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Natural Acnedote Oil Control Lotion -- 2 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	benzoic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, dimethicone, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Pineapple Enzyme Exfoliating Facial Cleanser -- 8 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, glycerine, limonene, maltodextrin, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Sunless Tanner -- 4 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, allyl caproate, ceteth-20, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, dihydroxyacetone, erythrulose, ethyl acetate, geraniol, glycerin, dimethicone, isoamyl acetate, isopropyl palmitate, lactic acid, limonen, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, stearic acid, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Very Emollient Bath & Shower Gel Honey Mango -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Very Emollient Body Lotion Daily Shade SPF 15 -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	amyl cinnamal, citric acid, allantoin, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, glycolic acid, dimethicone, lactic acid, limonene, phenoxyethanol, phenethyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Very Emollient Body Lotion Herbal Healing -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citral, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica Very Emollient Body Lotion Ocean Surf -- 32 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	amyl cinnamaldehyde, citric acid, allantoin, benzoic acid, benzyl salicylate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glycerin, dimethicone, hydroxycitronellal, limonene, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica® Body Builder Shampoo Mango -- 12 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, linolenic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, linoleic acid, phenoxyethanol, retinyl palmitate, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica® Hawaiian Body Scrub Sea Salt -- 14.5 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, tocopherol, tocopherol, geraniol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica® Very Emollient Bath and Shower Gel French Lavender -- 32 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, calendula, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica® Very Emollient Cream Shave Coconut Lime -- 8 fl oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	Caprylyl Glycol, Benzyl Alcohol, Carbomer, Ethylhexylglycerin, Glycerin, Limonene, Phenoxyethanol, Potassium Hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alba Botanica™ Acnedote Face and Body Scrub -- 8 oz	Alba	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, allantoin, benzoic acid, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, limonene, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Cocoa Dreams -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Foaming Hand Soap Sweet Apricot -- 7.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, sodium laureth sulfate, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, coco-betaine, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Cocoa Dreams -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Lavender Mint -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Sugared Lemon -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, alpha-isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, glycerin, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Liquid Hand Soap Sweet Apricot -- 11.5 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, magnesium nitrate, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, triethylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Cocoa Dreams -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Lavender Mint -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, tocopherol, disodium edta, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Sugared Lemon -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Australian Gold Room Spray Sweet Apricot -- 3.7 fl oz	Australian Gold	Household Essentials	citric acid, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Bath & Shower Gel Nourishing Lavender -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Coumarin, Coumarin, Decyl Glucoside, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Bath & Shower Gel Nourishing Lavender -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Bath & Shower Gel Refreshing Lemon -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citral, citric acid, decyl glucoside, limonene, sodium benzoate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Conditioner Clarifying Lemon -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Benzyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sorbitol, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Conditioner Nourishing Lavender -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, coumarin, coumarin, limonene, sodium benzoate, sorbitol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Conditioner Nourishing Lavender -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, coumarin, coumarin, limonene, sodium benzoate, sorbitol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Conditioner Scalp Treatment Tea Tree -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Benzyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sorbitol, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Conditioner Volumizing Rosemary -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, limonene, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Lavender -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Arginine, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Coumarin, Coumarin, Beta-Glucan, Geraniol, Glycerin, Limonene, Oat, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Benzoate, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Lavender -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	arginine, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, cetyl alcohol, citral, coumarin, coumarin, beta-glucan, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, oat, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Refreshing Lemon -- 12 oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, arginine, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, cetyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, citral, beta-glucan, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, oat, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Hand & Body Lotion Revitalizing Peppermint -- 12 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Arginine, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Cetyl Alcohol, Citral, Citronellol, Beta-Glucan, Geraniol, Glycerin, Limonene, Oat, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Benzoate, Stearic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Scalp Normalizing Shampoo Tea Tree Mint -- 14 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Citric Acid, Terpineol, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Camphor, Citric Acid, Citronellol, Decyl Glucoside, Geranyl Acetate, Limonene, Linalyl Acetate, Menthol, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Scalp Treatment Conditioner Tea Tree -- 32 oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, limonene, sodium benzoate, sorbitol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Nourishing Lavender -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, decyl glucoside, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Nourishing Lavender -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Shampoo Volumizing Rosemary -- 11 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Therapy Medicated Anti-Dandruff Shampoo -- 14 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, glycerin, limonene, menthol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Thickening Shampoo Biotin-B-Complex Therapy -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	Glyceryl Oleate, Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Bisabolol, Beta-Caryophyllene, Citric Acid, Decyl Glucoside, Glycerin, Limonene, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Sulfate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Vitamin C Gel Cream Moisturizer -- 1.7 oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, calcium ascorbate, beta-glucan, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, squalane, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Vitamin C Radiance Serum -- 1 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, glyceryl caprylate, squalane	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Vitamin C Renewal Crème Riche -- 1.7 oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, glyceryl caprylate, squalane, stearyl alcohol, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Volumizing Rosemary Conditioner -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, arginine, gluconolactone, behenyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Volumizing Rosemary Shampoo -- 32 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, citric acid, decyl glucoside, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Badger Organic Aromatherapy Stress Soother -- 0.6 oz	Badger	Beauty & Personal Care	Calendula, Citronellol, Tocopherol, Tocopherol, Geraniol, Limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Badger Organic Face Oil Damascus Rose -- 1 fl oz	Badger	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, calendula, citral, citronellol, geraniol, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Badger Organic Jojoba Rosemary & Tea Tree Herbal Hair Oil -- 2 fl oz	Badger	Beauty & Personal Care	Tocopherol, Tocopherol, Limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BetterYou Body Spray Magnesium Muscle -- 3.38 fl oz	BetterYou	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citral, citric acid, glycerin, limonene, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biokleen Dish Liquid Citrus and Aloe -- 25 fl oz	Biokleen	Household Essentials	cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, lauramine oxide, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium lauryl sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biokleen Laundry Liquid 128 Loads Citrus Essence -- 64 fl oz	Biokleen	Household Essentials	cocamidopropyl betaine, lauramine oxide, glycerin, limonene, sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cantu Shea Butter Leave-in Conditioning Repair Cream -- 16 oz	Cantu	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, benzyl salicylate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, cyclopentasiloxane, panthenol, dicetyldimonium chloride, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyethylcellulose, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
CitraSolv Homesolv Natural Enzyme Drain Cleaner Valencia Orange -- 22 fl oz	CitraSolv	Household Essentials	limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clean Age Toothpaste Tabs Mint -- 62 Tabs	Clean Age	Beauty & Personal Care	kaolin, calcium carbonate, limonene, menthol, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate, Sorbitol, stevioside	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Daeng Gi Meo Ri Medicinal Herb Hair Color - Black -- 1 Kit	Daeng Gi Meo Ri	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, P-aminophenol, PCA, ceteth-20, cetyl alcohol, citronellol, dioleyl phosphate, behenyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, disodium EDTA, ethanolamine, geraniol, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxycitronellal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limon- ene, linalool, myristic acid, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, phenacetin, resorcinol, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, stearyl stearate, threonine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Daeng Gi Meo Ri Medicinal Herb Hair Color - Natural Brown -- 1 Kit	Daeng Gi Meo Ri	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, P-aminophenol, PCA, ceteth-20, cetyl alcohol, citronellol, dioleyl phosphate, behenyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, disodium EDTA, ethanolamine, geraniol, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxycitronellal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limon- ene, linalool, myristic acid, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, phenacetin, resorcinol, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, stearyl stearate, threonine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Daeng Gi Meo Ri Shampoo For Oily Scalp -- 16.9 fl oz	Daeng Gi Meo Ri	Beauty & Personal Care	carbomer, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, lauramine oxide, disodium EDTA, dimethicone, limonene, linalool, menthol, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, triethanolamine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dead Sea Naturals Foot Cream -- 3.4 fl oz	Dead Sea Naturals	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, benzoic acid, cetearyl alcohol, tocopherol, dehydroacetic acid, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, vitamin E, dimethicone, limonene, linalool, menthol, phenoxyethanol, potassium phosphate, salicylic acid, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dead Sea Naturals Soothing Body Cream -- 6.8 fl oz	Dead Sea Naturals	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, allantoin, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, coumarin, tocopherol, tocopherol, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, PEG -40 stearate, propylene glycol, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dead Sea Naturals Soothing Hand Cream -- 3.4 fl oz	Dead Sea Naturals	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, ascorbyl palmitate, allantoin, cetearyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, coumarin, tocopherol, tocopherol, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, PEG-40 stearate, propylene glycol, beta-sitosterol, sodium lactate, squalene, stearyl alcohol, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Coconut Conditioner -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Coconut Shampoo -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, coumarin, coumarin, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, hemp, limonene, propanediol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Conditioner Italian Red Grape -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, palm, comfrey, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, pro-vitamin B-5, glycerin, limonene, resveratrol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Daily Facial Cleansing Pads -- 50 Pads	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	golden seal, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Enriching Shampoo Island Mango -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, limonene, propanediol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Hand and Body Lotion Bulgarian Lavender -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, geraniol, limonene, linalool, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Nourishing Hand and Body Lotion Coconut -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, coumarin, coumarin, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, limonene, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Red Raspberry Shampoo -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, comfrey, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, provitamin B-5, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Revitalizing Shampoo Italian Lemon -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, hemp, limonene, propanediol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Tea Tree Oil Facial Cleansing Pads -- 100 Pads	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, golden seal, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS All Purpose Cleaner Orange Plus -- 22 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	orange, citric acid, citric acid, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Dish Soap Grapefruit -- 25 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, lauramine oxide, ethylhexylglycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, coco betaine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Everyday Stain & Odor Remover Lemon -- 22 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Furniture Polish & Cleaner -- 22 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	Limonene, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Stainless Steel Cleaner + Polish Spray -- 22 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ecover Dish Soap Lime Zest -- 25 fl oz	Ecover	Household Essentials	citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, limonene, sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
EOS Ultra Moisturizing Shave Cream Lavender -- 7 fl oz	EOS	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, citronellol, coumarin, coumarin, disodium edta, geraniol, glycerin, dimethicone, hexylene glycol, limonene, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium hydroxide, stearyl alcohol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack 2-In-1 Shampoo + Conditioner - Sandalwood -- 13.5 fl oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, cocoamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, panthenol, glycerin, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, linalool, glycol stearate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Beard + Face Lotion Sandalwood -- 3.2 fl oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	decyl glucoside, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, linalool, serine, sodium benzoate, threonine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Beard Butter - Sea Salt -- 4 oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl dilaurate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, cetyl alcohol, citronellol, dehydroacetic acid, glycerin, limonene, linalool, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Body Bar Soap - Tahoe Blue -- 5 oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	palm, kaolin, limonene, oat, sodium hydroxide, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Body Bar Soap - Yosemite Falls -- 5 oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	alpha iso methyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, palm, kaolin, limonene, pine, sodium hydroxide, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Body Wash and Shower Gel - Mandarin Vetiver -- 16.9 fl oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Body Wash and Shower Gel - Sandalwood -- 16.9 fl oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, lauramidopropyl betaine, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Every Man Jack Deodorant Aluminum Free - Cedarwood -- 3 oz	Every Man Jack	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, cetyl alcohol, lilial, limonene, linalool, Propanediol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fairy Tales Lice Prevention Rosemary Repel Shampoo -- 12 fl oz	Fairy Tales	Baby & Kids Products	amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, citronella, cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, lilial, limonene, linalool, benzophenone-4	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fairy Tales Lice Prevention Rosemary Repel Shampoo -- 32 fl oz	Fairy Tales	Baby & Kids Products	orange, amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, citronella, cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, dehydroacetic acid, lilial, limonene, linalool, benzophenone-4	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gabriel Moisturizing Liquid Foundation Natural Beige -- 1 fl oz	Gabriel	Beauty & Personal Care	cetearyl alcohol, glycerin, kaolin, limonene, retinyl palmitate, sorbitol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gabriel Moisturizing Liquid Foundation Rose Beige -- 1 fl oz	Gabriel	Beauty & Personal Care	cetearyl alcohol, glycerin, kaolin, limonene, retinyl palmitate, sorbitol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gabriel Moisturizing Liquid Foundation True Beige -- 1 fl oz	Gabriel	Beauty & Personal Care	cetearyl alcohol, glycerin, kaolin, limonene, retinyl palmitate, sorbitol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
GrabGreen Classic Dryer Sheets Vetiver -- 80 Sheets	GrabGreen	Household Essentials	cellulose, coumarin, coumarin, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hand in Hand Bar Soap Sea Salt -- 5 oz	Hand in Hand	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium gluconate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, sodium citrate, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer Exotic Green Tea & Asian Pear -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, ascorbic acid, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, CI 42053, tocopherol, geraniol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, sodium benzoate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer Sweet Pineapple & Honey Melon -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, citric acid, red 40, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citric acid, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, yellow 5	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Ceramides + B3 - Cucumber Aloe -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, ceramide NP, cetyl alcohol, chlorophenesin, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, hydroxycitronellal, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, niacinamide, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Hyaluronic Acid - Ocean Breeze -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, orange, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, cyanocobalamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Herbal Body Moisturizer with Vitamin C - Citrus Blossom -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, orange, citric acid, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citral, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, nylon-12, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate, stearic acid, cyanocobalamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Triple Moisture Herbal Conditioner Fresh Citrus -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, citric acid, acetic acid, benzyl benzoate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, citric acid, tocopherol, panthenol, disodium EDTA, etidronic acid, tocopherol, glycerin, PEG-4, dimethicone, hydroxyethylcellulose, limonene, linalool, octyldodecanol, phenoxyethanol, sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Triple Moisture Herbal Shampoo Fresh Citrus -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	aminomethyl propanol, citric acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, disodium EDTA, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hempz Triple Moisture Herbal Whipped Body Creme -- 17 fl oz	Hempz	Beauty & Personal Care	aminomethyl propanol, methylpropanediol, amyl cinnamal, ascorbic acid, benzyl benzoate, carbomer, cetearyl alcohol, tocopherol, cyclopentasiloxane, tocopherol, glycerin, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, retinyl palmitate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Calming Lavender -- 16 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, panthenol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, sodium benzoate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Calming Lavender -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, panthenol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Invigorating Rosewater -- 16 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, cinnamyl alcohol, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Invigorating Rosewater -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, cinnamyl alcohol, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Moisturizing Herbs & Shea Butter -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, golden seal, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Soothing Aloe Vera -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, allantoin, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason C Effects Powered By Ester-C Creme -- 2 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, alpha-isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, gluconolactone, bisabolol, calcium ascorbate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, citral, coumarin, coumarin, panthenol, glycerin, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, calcium carbonate, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, thioctic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Dandruff Relief 2 in1 Shampoo + Conditioner -- 12 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, terpineol, benzylacetate, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, triethyl citrate, glycerin, limonene, linalool, maltodextrin, phenethyl alcohol, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium hydroxide, zinc carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Deodorant Stick Calming Lavender -- 2.5 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, benzyl benzoate, citral, behenyl alcohol, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, hydroxycitronellal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, linalool, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Dry Spray Deodorant Fresh Cucumber -- 3.2 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	ethylhexylglycerin, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Dry Spray Deodorant Soft Rose -- 3.2 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	citronellol, triethyl citrate, ethylhexylglycerin, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Hi Shine Flaxseed Styling Gel -- 6 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	carbomer, panthenol, glycerin, limonene, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Kids Sunscreen SPF 45 -- 4 oz	Jason	Baby & Kids Products	orange, citric acid, allyl caproate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, ehtyl acetate, glycerin, dimethicone, isoamyl acetate, limonene, sodium benzoate, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Soothing 98% Aloe Vera Moisturizing Gel -- 4 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	amyl cinnamal, allantoin, arginine, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, gluconolactone, carbomer, panthenol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, linalool, menthol, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Vitamin E Skin Oil -- 14000 IU - 1 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, citronellol, geraniol, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kiss My Face De-Stress Bar Soap - Orange + Grapefruit	Kiss My Face	Beauty & Personal Care	citral, geraniol, glycerin, hemp, limonene, linalool, ashwagandha, withania somnifera	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kiss My Face Goat Milk Bar Soap Rose + Magnolia -- 5 oz	Kiss My Face	Beauty & Personal Care	citronellol, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, maltodextrin, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet 3- in-1 Luscious Waves Conditioner Avocado Oil Aguacate Mango & Vitamin E -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet 3- in-1 Luscious Waves Shampoo Avocado Oil Aguacate Mango & Vitamin E -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Coconut Water & Mimosa Flower Volumizing Conditioner -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	methylisothiazolinone, disodium EDTA, hexyl cinnamal, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Silicone & Sulfate-Free Coconut Water & Mimosa Flower Vegan Shampoo -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, disodium EDTA, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Silicone-Free Nourishing Sun-Kissed Mandarin 5-in-1 Vegan Shampoo with Biotin -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl salicylate, biotin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Soothe & Serene Argan Oil & Lavender Hand Lotion -- 1 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	Caprylyl Glycol, BHT, Carbomer, Citronellol, Coumarin, Coumarin, Disodium EDTA, Hydroxycitronellal, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Limonene, Linalool, Phenoxyethanol, Triethanolamine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Sulfate-Free Coconut Oil & Ylang Ylang Vegan Shampoo Split Ends & Damaged Hair -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, citric acid, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Sulfate-Free Smooth & Serene Argan Oil & Lavender Shampoo for Frizz Control -- 13.5 fl oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, citronellol, coumarin, coumarin, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium EDTA, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Beauty and Planet Volume & Bounty 2 in 1 Shampoo & Conditioner Bar Coconut Water & Mimosa Flower -- 4 oz	Love Beauty and Planet	Beauty & Personal Care	alpha-isomethyl ionone, citral, hexyl cinnamal, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
LoveBug Probiotics Kids Little Ones™ 4 + Years -- 3 billion CFU - 60 Pearls	LoveBug Probiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Microcrystalline cellulose, orange flavor, stevia, sodium carbonate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All Purpose Cleaning Wipes - Lime + Sea Salt -- 70 Wipes	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, limonene, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All Purpose Cleaning Wipes - Pink Grapefruit -- 70 Wipes	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, limonene, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All-Purpose Natural Surface Cleaner Spray Lime + Sea Salt -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	benzyl salicilate, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method All-Purpose Surface Cleaner Refill Pink Grapefruit -- 68 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Dish Soap Refill Clementine -- 54 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, citric acid, decyl glucoside, lauramine oxide, glycerin, limonene, linalool, sodium lauryl sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Dryer Sheets - Ginger Mango -- 80 Sheets	Method	Household Essentials	citronellol, hexyl cinnamal, butylphenyl methylpropional, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Foaming Hand Wash Lemon Mint -- 10 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, citric acid, methylchloroisothiazolinone, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, vitamin E, vitamin E, glycerin, limonene, sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, benzophenone-4, yellow 5	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Foaming Hand Wash Refill Pink Grapefruit -- 28 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, vitamin E, red 33, vitamin E, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Method Gel Hand Wash Refill - Pink Grapefruit -- 34 fl oz	Method	Household Essentials	methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, vitamin E, red 33, vitamin E, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mineral Fusion Sheer Moisture Lip Tint - Confident -- 0.1 oz	Mineral Fusion	Beauty & Personal Care	carmine, CI 75470, tocopherol, tocopherol, glyceryl behenate, limonene, octyldodecanol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mineral Fusion Sheer Moisture Lip Tint - Courageous -- 0.1 oz	Mineral Fusion	Beauty & Personal Care	carmine, CI 75470, tocopherol, tocopherol, glyceryl behenate, limonene, octyldodecanol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM B-12 Methylcobalamin -- 2000 mcg - 60 Lozenges	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	Folic Acid, orange flavor, maltodextrin, sorbitol, Sucrose, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MyChelle Dermaceuticals Hydrate Ultra Hyaluronic Hydration Cream -- 1 fl oz	MyChelle Dermaceuticals	Beauty & Personal Care	Orange, Citric Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Ceramide NP, Citric Acid, Basil, Sodium Gluconate, Glycerin, Limonene, Linalool, O-cymen-5-OL, Squalane	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MyChelle Dermaceuticals Illuminating Peptide-Rich Whipped Moisturizer -- 1 oz	MyChelle Dermaceuticals	Beauty & Personal Care	d-alpha, butylene glycol, orange, citric acid, allantoin, terpineol, benzyl alcohol, camphor, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, citral, citric acid, triethyl citrate, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, stearic acid, titanium dioxide, vanillin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Organyc Intimate Wash -- 8.5 oz	Organyc	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, glycerin, limonene, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacifica Underarm Deodorant Wipes Coconut Milk & Essential Oils -- 30 Pre-Moistened Natural Towelettes	Pacifica	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Petal Fresh Hair ResQ Thickening Follicle Stimulator Serum with Biotin -- 2 fl oz	Petal Fresh	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl salicylate, vitamin B7, caffeine, citronellol, coumarin, coumarin, tocopherol, panthenol, tocopherol, geraniol, vitamin E, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, menthol, niacin, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SoapBox Body Wash Vanilla Bean & Fig -- 20 fl oz	SoapBox	Beauty & Personal Care	acetic acid, benzyl alcohol, cocamidopropyl betaine, vitamin E, dehydroacetic acid, vitamin E, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, limonene, niacinamide, phenoxyethanol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Deep Hydration Face Cream -- 1.7 fl oz	The Honest Company	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, citronellol, tocopherol, tocopherol, geraniol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, dimethicone, limonene, maltodextrin, sodium benzoate, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Anti-Itch Vulva Cream -- 1 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glyceryl ether, citric acid, ethoxydiglycol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, glyceryl stearate, hydroxyethylcellulose, limonene, linalool, myristyl alcohol, propanediol, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Daily Sensitive Intimate Foaming Wash -- 5.51 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, lactic acid, limonene, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Feminine Foaming Wash - Bergamot Rose -- 5.5 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, benzyl salicylate, citral, citric acid, citronellol, cocamidopropyl betaine, coumarin, coumarin, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxycitronellal, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Feminine Foaming Wash - Cucumber Aloe -- 5.51 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	amyl cinnamal, citric acid, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, citral, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, farnesol, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hydroxycitronellal, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honey Pot Feminine Foaming Wash - Normal -- 5.51 fl oz	The Honey Pot	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Humble Co Bamboo Toothbrush Travel Kit with Toothpaste Floss and Cotton Swabs -- 1 Kit	The Humble Co	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, limonene, rebaudioside A, sodium benzoate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Daily Rituals Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Moisturizer -- 1.7 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citral, glyceryl monostearate, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Hydration Agent Moisturizer Vanilla and Amaranth -- 1.7 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	amaranth, calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citral, glyceryl monostearate, glycerin, limonene, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Organic Skin Co Task Force Nine Turmeric and Calendula Calming Cream -- 2 fl oz	The Organic Skin Co	Beauty & Personal Care	calendula, cetearyl alcohol, citral, glyceryl monostearate, glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tints of Nature Henna Cream Hair Color Black -- 2.46 fl oz	Tints of Nature	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, chamomile, ascorbic acid, basic blue 99, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, henna, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfite, triethanolamine, urea	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tints of Nature Henna Cream Hair Color Golden Blonde -- 2.46 fl oz	Tints of Nature	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, chamomile, ascorbic acid, basic blue 99, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, henna, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfite, triethanolamine, urea	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tints of Nature Henna Cream Hair Color Golden Brown -- 2.46 fl oz	Tints of Nature	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, chamomile, ascorbic acid, basic blue 99, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, henna, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfite, triethanolamine, urea	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tints of Nature Henna Cream Hair Color Light Brown -- 2.46 fl oz	Tints of Nature	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, chamomile, ascorbic acid, basic blue 99, benzyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, henna, limonene, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfite, triethanolamine, urea	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Pampering Body Lotion -- 6.8 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	betaine, cetearyl alcohol, citral, citronellol, tocopherol, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, lactic acid, limonene, linalool, glyceryl caprylate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Face Care Nourishing Day Cream -- 1 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, betaine, citral, tocopherol, behenyl alcohol, tocopherol, geraniol, glycerin, hectorite, lactate, limonene, linalool, glyceryl caprylate, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, squalane, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Face Care Nourishing Night Cream -- 1.3 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, betaine, citral, clay, tocopherol, behenyl alcohol, tocopherol, glycerin, lactate, limonene, linalool, glyceryl caprylate, squalane	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Face Care Nourishing Oil-To-Milk Cleanser -- 2.5 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl benzoate, betaine, citral, geraniol, glycerin, limonene, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Skin Food Lip Butter Lip Balm -- 0.27 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, limonene	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cycloalkene	An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having at least one endocyclic double bond.
p-menthadiene	A monoterpene that consists of an unsaturated p-menthane skeleton having two double bonds.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	40.2889	3.1890	29.8841	59.4836	AID1224846
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	71.0381	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.2407	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743036; AID743040; AID743053
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.3521	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	426.6805	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531; AID588544
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	562.3410	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.5484	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1,258.9301	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588535
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	63.8536	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	794.3280	0.0100	39.5371	1,122.0200	AID588547
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	876.4885	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID720636
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.1623	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651743
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	47 (3.20)	18.7374
1990's	165 (11.24)	18.2507
2000's	338 (23.02)	29.6817
2010's	654 (44.55)	24.3611
2020's	264 (17.98)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	21 (1.37%)	5.53%
Reviews	81 (5.28%)	6.00%
Case Studies	26 (1.70%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.07%)	0.25%
Other	1,404 (91.59%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.96	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.6	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	4.1	3	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	3.85	3	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetoin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	9.46	8	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.47	2	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
benzaldehyde [no description available]	4.74	9	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	6.12	8	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.79	3	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.45	2	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
betaine aldehyde betaine aldehyde : A quaternary ammonium ion that is nitrogen substituted by three methyl groups and a 2-oxoethyl group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acids like glycine, serine and threonine.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	Aspergillus metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.1	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	4.67	8	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.44	2	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
carnitine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	9.98	11	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.71	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
cuminaldehyde cuminaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities.	2.42	2	0	benzaldehydes	insecticide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-vinylguaiacol 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol: a germination inhibitor; also an odorant in green tea; structure in first source. 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group.	2.1	1	0	phenols	flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.88	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.41	2	0	alkane	xenobiotic
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	9.62	5	1	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	1.98	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
caprylic aldehyde caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid).	2.74	3	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	plant metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.75	3	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
4-nitrobenzaldehyde 4-nitrobenzaldehyde: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzaldehyde : A C-nitro compound that is benzaldehyde substituted at the para-position with a nitro group.	7.1	1	0	benzaldehydes; C-nitro compound
cytosine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.11	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate: isomeric with isopentenyl pyrophosphate. prenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate that is a phosphoantigen comprising the O-pyrophosphate of prenol.	2.01	1	0	prenol phosphate	epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2.5	2	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	4.23	5	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.41	6	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	8.46	7	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	7.74	3	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.15	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	9.99	14	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	7.71	3	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	3.16	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
naphthalene [no description available]	3.58	2	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	1.98	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.39	6	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	7.48	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.57	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	2.03	1	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.96	4	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.04	1	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.05	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.9	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenylacetaldehyde [no description available]	3.31	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; phenylacetaldehydes	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	4.03	3	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	4.46	6	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.32	6	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	1.97	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	2.95	4	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	8.7	3	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.05	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	3.7	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	4.81	11	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	3.2	5	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.45	2	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.	2.45	2	0	prenol phosphate	antigen; antioxidant; epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	9.7	48	2	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
perillic acid perillic acid: d-limonene metabolite; structure given in first source	6.82	19	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	1.99	1	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.42	2	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.13	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.44	2	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	3.45	1	1	aromatic amine
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.15	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.21	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.41	2	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane 2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane: structure	2	1	0	diarylmethane
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.17	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
benzyl isothiocyanate benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma	2	1	0	benzenes; isothiocyanate	antibacterial drug
berberine [no description available]	7.1	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	1.98	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
caffeine [no description available]	3.83	3	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	5.4	18	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.01	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.25	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	6.99	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.44	2	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
eucalyptol [no description available]	14.74	61	3
ciprofibrate [no description available]	6.99	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.49	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.05	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	7.66	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.84	3	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.14	5	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	1.99	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.02	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.06	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.57	2	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.04	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	1.97	1	0
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.01	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.66	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.08	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.41	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.01	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.25	1	0
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	7.31	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.69	3	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.31	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydroxyurea [no description available]	1.99	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	7.78	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.42	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	6.99	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.9	4	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.74	3	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.66	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.41	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.17	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.93	4	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor	2.02	1	0
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2	1	0	benzodiazepine
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	1.96	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
memantine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
merbromin Merbromin: A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic.. merbromin : An organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	1.97	1	0
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.76	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.8	3	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	1.99	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.41	2	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	7.02	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.25	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.04	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.01	1	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.49	2	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	7.04	1	0	carbazoles
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.21	5	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.01	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.72	3	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.48	2	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	4.84	6	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.03	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2	1	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.08	1	0	isoquinolines
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.4	2	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ropinirole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	9.7	5	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	2.39	2	0	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.25	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.5	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.31	1	0
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	6.99	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2.03	1	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.5	2	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.11	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
triclosan [no description available]	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
urethane [no description available]	7.15	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.17	1	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate: structure given in first source; inhibits DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by inhibiting DMBA-DNA adduct formation	2.41	2	0
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.41	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	7.81	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.01	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.21	1	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	7.37	2	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.01	1	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.69	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	2.41	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	7.66	2	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.67	3	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.17	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.11	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.02	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	8.02	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.12	5	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	3.92	13	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.1	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.57	2	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	5.16	6	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.82	2	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	6.98	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.31	1	0
n-hexanal [no description available]	3.19	5	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	2.15	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	1.97	1	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	7.41	2	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
mannitol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.41	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	4.25	18	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	2.06	1	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.1	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.52	2	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.	1.99	1	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides	algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.94	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	2.11	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.94	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	2	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.	2	1	0	chloroethenes	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.17	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
methyl sulfate methyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl sulfate : An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.15	1	0	alkyl sulfate; one-carbon compound
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.13	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
isophorone isophorone : A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5.	2.44	2	0	cyclic ketone; enone	plant metabolite; solvent
azobis(isobutyronitrile) azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure	1.99	1	0
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	9.43	86	1	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isopentane [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkane	refrigerant
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	6.65	19	1	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.59	2	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacrylaldehyde [no description available]	3.41	1	1	enal
2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.77	3	0	secondary alcohol
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.49	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.17	1	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
camphene camphene : A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.	9.18	16	0	carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene	fragrance; plant metabolite
dicumyl peroxide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
alpha-pinene [no description available]	10.07	136	1	pinene	plant metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.47	2	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.48	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
isoamyl salicylate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure	2.67	3	0	organochlorine compound
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
piperitone piperitone: from Mentha longifolia var. chorodictya Rech F; structure in first source. piperitone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an isopropyl group at position 6.	2.53	2	0	cyclic terpene ketone; p-menthane monoterpenoid	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	4.22	16	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
decalin decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene.	8.08	5	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon	solvent
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	2.11	1	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
4-biphenylamine 4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2	1	0	aminobiphenyl	carcinogenic agent
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.61	2	0	phenylpropanoid
methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.	2.21	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester	insect attractant; metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.41	2	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
butylparaben [no description available]	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	1.99	1	0	carbonyl compound
pseudocumene 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.	2.6	1	0	trimethylbenzene	neurotoxin
2-methylbutanal 2-methylbutanal: structure in first source. 2-methylbutanal : A methylbutanal in which the methyl substituent is at position 2.	3.31	1	0	2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; methylbutanal	plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; volatile oil component
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.49	2	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.	2.61	2	0	ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol	metabolite
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	3.16	5	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
cumene cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.	3.83	2	1	alkylbenzene
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	3.26	6	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
carveol carveol: structure given in first source; prolongs tumor latency and decreases tumor yield. carveol : A limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5.	4.24	17	0	limonene monoterpenoid	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	6.59	62	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
alpha phellandrene alpha phellandrene: can be irritating to, & absorbed by the skin; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phellandrene : One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic).	4.48	6	0	cyclohexadiene; phellandrene	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.	6.46	31	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	6.43	30	0	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-vinylcyclohexene 4-vinylcyclohexene: structure	1.96	1	0	cyclic olefin
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.02	1	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	2.69	3	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.08	1	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
2-phenylethyl acetate phenethyl acetate : The acetate ester of 2-phenylethanol.	3.31	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	2.71	3	0	butyrate ester	plant metabolite
citronellal citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.	8.34	6	0	aldehyde; monoterpenoid	antifungal agent; metabolite
ethyl caprylate ethyl octanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of octanoic acid with ethanol.	2.25	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester; octanoate ester	metabolite
4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.15	1	0	xylene
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	2.15	1	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
methyl caproate methyl hexanoate : A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid).	2.04	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester; hexanoate ester	flavouring agent; plant metabolite
butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.	2.13	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant; refrigerant
acrolein [no description available]	10.11	10	1	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
glyoxal [no description available]	2.1	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.78	3	0	alkane
2-pentanone pentanone : Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.	2.45	2	0	methyl ketone; pentanone	plant metabolite
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.07	1	0
chlorobenzene [no description available]	2.42	2	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	9.59	53	3	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	7.02	1	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	6.47	16	1	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.15	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	1.98	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.11	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	3.14	5	0	fatty acid ester
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.08	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.	3.84	2	1	cycloalkene
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.99	4	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
diethanolamine diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.	3.37	1	1	ethanolamines	human xenobiotic metabolite
heptanal heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer.	2.85	3	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	biomarker
nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.	2.48	2	0	alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
carbitol carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.	2.48	2	0	diether; glycol ether; hydroxypolyether; primary alcohol	protic solvent
undecan-2-one undecan-2-one: Insect Repellents; 2-undecanone is the active ingredient of arthropod repellent BioUD; an efficacious alternative to deet. undecan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.1	1	0	dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone	plant metabolite; rodenticide
n-decyl alcohol n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.	1.96	1	0	decanol; primary alcohol	metabolite; pheromone; protic solvent
decanaldehyde decanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid).	2.96	4	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	antifungal agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.	2.04	1	0	dodecanol; primary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite
eicosane icosane : A straight chain alkane composed of 20 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata.	2.15	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
linalyl acetate linalyl acetate: structure in first source; RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation. linalyl acetate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.	8.87	11	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid
2-methylbutanoic acid 2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.	2.13	1	0	methylbutyric acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.11	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
benzyl salicylate benzyl salicylate: structure given in Merck	2.11	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
ethyl salicylate ethyl salicylate: causes erythema after topical application as an aerosol; found in blood	1.97	1	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
ethyl vanillin ethyl vanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; benzaldehydes; phenols	antioxidant; flavouring agent
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	3.8	1	1	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
benzyl acetate benzyl acetate : The acetate ester of benzyl alcohol.	2.25	1	0	acetate ester; benzyl ester	metabolite
estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.	3.45	7	0	alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid	carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	3.18	5	0	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.42	2	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2.44	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
1-nonanol nonanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of nine carbon atoms.. nonan-1-ol : A nonanol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated as a component of volatile oils from plants like Hordeum vulgare.	2	1	0	nonanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	5.21	3	1	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.08	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
azulene [no description available]	2	1	0	azulenes; mancude carbobicyclic parent; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.3	6	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.01	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.7	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.43	2	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.01	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	7.59	2	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
propadiene [no description available]	2	1	0	allenes
1,4-cineole 1,4-cineole: monoterpene; flavor component of lime Citrus medica L. var acida; structure given in first source. 1,4-cineole : An oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4.	2.08	1	0
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.27	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	3.34	6	0
rhein [no description available]	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.04	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
cdta CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0	organooxygen compound
Dillapiole 5-allyl 6,7-dimethoxy 1,3-benzodioxole: a plant based insecticide; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	benzodioxoles	metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	1.98	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	8	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	4.54	22	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.44	2	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid	mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
ascaridole ascaridole: monoterpene endoperoxide with anthelmintic properties; structure given in first source. ascaridole : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menth-2-ene with a peroxy group across position 1 to 4.	3.23	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organic peroxide; p-menthane monoterpenoid	antileishmanial agent; antinematodal drug; plant metabolite
elemene elemene: a sclerosing and antineoplastic agent isolated from Curcuma wenyujin & Rhizoma zedoariae; beta- and delta- elemene are also available	2.1	1	0
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.13	1	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2	1	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
perillyl alcohol perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source. perillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender.	7.98	33	0	limonene monoterpenoid	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	7.1	1	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent
decamethylcyclopentasiloxane [no description available]	3.27	1	0	organosilicon compound
maleimide [no description available]	7.05	1	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.9	3	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.21	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.49	2	0
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	2	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
beta-phellandrene [no description available]	3.47	7	0	phellandrene	plant metabolite
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.	5.57	12	0	terpineol; tertiary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
formestane [no description available]	1.98	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
terpinolene [no description available]	5.58	12	0	p-menthadiene	insect repellent; plant metabolite; sedative; volatile oil component
4-acetylbenzoic acid 4-acetylbenzoic acid: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
3-aminophenol 3-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminophenol : An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.	2.13	1	0	aminophenol
methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.	2	1	0	ketone
1,3-cyclohexadiene 1,3-cyclohexadiene: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	cyclohexadiene
allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1	1.97	1	0	organic sulfide
trimecaine Trimecaine: Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.	1.99	1	0	amino acid amide
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.4	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
dimethyl disulfide [no description available]	2.43	2	0	organic disulfide	xenobiotic metabolite
1,4-cyclohexadiene [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cyclohexadiene
amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol.	3.6	9	0	acetate ester	metabolite
n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.	2.52	2	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	3.37	7	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.	1.98	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2-nonanone 2-nonanone: RN given refers to cpd with locant for oxo moiety in position 2. nonanone : Any ketone that is nonane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. nonan-2-one : A methyl ketone that is nonane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group.	2.49	2	0	methyl ketone	plant metabolite
phenylcyclohexane phenylcyclohexane: pyrolysis product of phencyclidine	2.06	1	0
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	2	1	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.15	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms.	2.21	1	0	alkane
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.43	2	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
fenchone, (+-)-isomer fenchone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fenchone : A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).	2.78	3	0	carbobicyclic compound; cyclic terpene ketone; fenchane monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.37	1	1	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.11	1	0	zinc molecular entity
beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.	7.24	70	0	pinene	plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	4.25	5	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	3.83	3	0
methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components.	5.31	7	0	ether	fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent
decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.	2.69	3	0	alkane
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.44	2	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.01	1	0	tertiary amine
perillaldehyde perillaldehyde: from oil of Perillae herba; has neuropharmacological actions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6956. perillyl aldehyde : An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	3.36	6	0	aldehyde; olefinic compound	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; volatile oil component
diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.	4.54	4	0	organic disulfide	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
troclosene [no description available]	2.11	1	0
phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.	2.01	1	0	isothiocyanate	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	8	4	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
alpha-terpineol terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent.	6.42	30	0	terpineol	plant metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.41	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	10.83	138	1	thujene	plant metabolite
1-octen-3-ol 1-octen-3-ol: main flavor component of mushrooms; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; bait for insect vectors (tsetse, sandflies, mosquitoes). oct-1-en-3-ol : An alkenyl alcohol with a structure based on a C8 unbranched chain with the hydroxy group at C-2 and unsaturation at C-1-C-2. It is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi.	2.01	1	0	alkenyl alcohol; medium-chain fatty alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fungal metabolite; insect attractant; volatile oil component
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.	1.99	1	0	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
cocamidopropyl betaine cocamidopropyl betaine: structure given in first source; Genagen CAB, Tego Betain, Rewoteric AMB 14 usually contain 30% cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB). cocamidopropyl betaine : A mixture of carboxamidopropyl betaines derived from fatty acids of varying chain lengths. The principal component is lauramidopropyl betaine.. lauramidopropyl betaine : An ammonium betaine in which the the ammonium nitrogen is substituted by two methyl groups and a lauramidopropyl group. It is the major (>50%) component of cocamidopropyl betaine.	2.03	1	0	ammonium betaine	surfactant
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	7.04	1	0	aromatic amine
chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorpyrifos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.08	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	2.15	1	0	dioxolane
n-nitrodiethylamine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
hepes [no description available]	2.04	1	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.01	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	7.41	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.44	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.47	2	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	8.04	4	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	7.21	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.01	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.07	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	7.13	1	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.38	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2.15	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.01	1	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.43	2	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
dihydrocarvone dihydrocarvone: found in caraway oil; structure in first source. dihydrocarvone : A dihydrocarvone resulting from reduction of the endocyclic cyclohexene double bond.	7.76	2	0	dihydrocarvones	plant metabolite
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	1.98	1	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.74	3	0	dihydrogen
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.41	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nickel sulfate nickel sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni(2+)-H2SO4. nickel sulfate : A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion.	1.98	1	0	metal sulfate	allergen
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.04	1	0
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).	1.98	1	0	epoxide
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	8.84	62	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.01	1	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	2.15	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
n-ethyl-n-hydroxyethylnitrosamine N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents.	1.97	1	0	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	7.83	3	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
3-carene 3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.41	20	0	monoterpene
menthone menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer).	3.94	12	0	menthone
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.71	3	0
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	3.8	1	1	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.11	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.42	2	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2	1	0
beta-selinene beta-selinene: isolated from aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong; RN given for (4aR-(4aalpha,7alpha,8abeta))-isomer. (-)-beta-selinene : The (4aS,7S,8aR)-stereoisomer of beta-selinene.	2.05	1	0	beta-selinene
verbenone verbenone: platelet aggregation inhibitor; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4, 6 and 6, and which contains a double bond between positions 3 and 4.. (S)-(-)-verbenone : A 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one in which both chiral centres have S configuration.	8.21	5	0	carbobicyclic compound; cyclic ketone; enone
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.05	1	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	6.3	11	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
phenoxyethanol phenoxyethanol: structure. 2-phenoxyethanol : An aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; glycol ether; primary alcohol	antiinfective agent; central nervous system depressant
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	3.85	3	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	6.77	43	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	2	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
ethyl hexanoate ethyl hexanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol.	2.59	2	0	fatty acid ethyl ester; hexanoate ester	metabolite
isoamyl acetate isoamyl acetate: structure in Merck, 9th ed, #4958. isoamyl acetate : The acetate ester of isoamylol.	3.39	7	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nonanal nonanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	3.02	4	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human metabolite; plant metabolite
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.27	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alkenes [no description available]	6.03	33	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.05	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	6.99	1	0
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.05	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.15	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
oxovanadium iv oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars	2.11	1	0	vanadium oxide
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.11	1	0	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	2.13	1	0	ethanolamines
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.17	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.99	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.46	2	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.07	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
diisopropanolnitrosamine diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.	1.99	1	0	diol; nitrosamine; secondary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
laurocapram laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source	8.62	9	0
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine: structure. nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine : A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible).	6.99	1	0	ketone; nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.15	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: structure; from tobacco smoke	2.39	2	0	nitrosamine; pyridines
fenpropathrin, (+-)-isomer fenpropathrin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. fenpropathrin : A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
1-octanesulfonic acid 1-octanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	organosulfonic acid	local anaesthetic
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	3.37	7	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.52	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	6.98	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.31	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	2.06	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
safranal safranal: a monoterpene aldehyde; one of the main components responsible for the aroma of saffron; structure given in first source. safranal : A monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation.	2.41	1	0	monoterpenoid
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.11	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	1.99	1	0
1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane: biocide used in glue implicated in contact dermatitis; euxyl K 400 is a 2-phenoxyethanol mixture. 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile : An organobromine compound that consists of pentanedinitrile bearing bromo and bromomethyl substituents at position 2.	2.03	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; organobromine compound	allergen; sensitiser
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	1.96	1	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
2-butene 2-butene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.41	1	0	but-2-ene
4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone [no description available]	2.15	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
disparlure disparlure: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	epoxide
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.1	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.01	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.39	2	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
meglumine antimoniate Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.	2.6	1	0
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.43	2	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
allicin [no description available]	3.15	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.01	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	3.1	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
25-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.17	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.02	1	0	anthocyanidin chloride
sesamol sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	benzodioxoles
perilla ketone perilla ketone: potent lung toxin from Perilla frutescens; structure	2.21	1	0	aromatic ketone
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.11	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.07	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
magnolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	biphenyls
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.21	1	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
leupeptin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
clotiazepam 2-carene: a monoterpene; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	monoterpenoid
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2.08	1	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
alpha-bergamotene alpha-bergamotene: RR (13434-59-4) refers to the (trans)-isomer. alpha-bergamotene : A sesquiterpene consisting of a bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene skeleton substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 6 by a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group.	2.06	1	0	bridged compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin: musk fragrance; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	tetralins
mebeverine gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol	2.07	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	5.87	2	2	iditol	fungal metabolite
beta-thujone [no description available]	2.01	1	0	beta-thujone
beta-eudesmol beta-eudesmol: found in Atractylodes and other plants; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta))-isomer. beta-eudesmol : A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer).	2.43	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	volatile oil component
vinblastine sobrerol: RN given is for parent cpd; structure	2.67	3	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
galaxolide galaxolide: musk fragrance; structure given in first source. galaxolide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 8 respectively. It is a synthetic musk used as a fragrance in cosmetics.	2.11	1	0	isochromenes; organic heterotricyclic compound	fragrance
hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde: structure in first source	3.01	4	0
elemol elemol: monocyclic sespuiterpenoid tertiary alcohol; RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,3alpha,4beta))-isomer; structure in first source. elemol : A sesquiterpenoid that is isopropanol which is substituted at position 2 by a (3S,4S)-3-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-vinylcyclohexyl group.	2.61	2	0	olefinic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	fragrance; plant metabolite
zingiberene zingiberene: in wild tomato; structure in first source. zingiberene : 2-Methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene in which a hydrogen at the 5 position is substituted (R configuration) by a 6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl group (S configuration). It is a sesquiterpene found in the dried rhizomes of Indonesian ginger, Zingiber officinale.	2.5	2	0	cyclohexadiene; sesquiterpene
gardenin b gardenin B: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. gardenin B : A tetramethoxyflavone that is tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.25	1	0	monohydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
diosgenin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.41	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
cremophor el cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A	2.02	1	0
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.11	1	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis	2	1	0
nimbin nimbin: from Neem seed (Azadirachta indica). nimbin : A limonoid found in Azadirachta indica.	3.41	7	0	acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; enone; furans; limonoid; methyl ester; tetracyclic triterpenoid	pesticide; plant metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.73	3	0
tadalafil [no description available]	7.25	1	0	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
terpinyl acetate terpinyl acetate: ingredient in perfume of spray starch causing contact urticaria	3.06	4	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	2.04	1	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.15	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
4'-hydroxydiclofenac 4'-hydroxydiclofenac: metabolite of diclofenac; structure in first source. 4'-hydroxydiclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 4'-hydroxylated metabolite of diclofenac.	2.6	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; secondary amino compound	allergen; drug metabolite
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	5.56	7	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,3,4-thiadiazole 1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure given in first source	7.13	1	0	thiadiazole
pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.	2.08	1	0	imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; cross-linking reagent
carboxypolymethylene carbomer: high molecular polyanionic substance	2.05	1	0
tenax tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds	7.01	1	0
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
methotrexate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	2.06	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.63	2	0	D-xylose
phytol [no description available]	2.86	3	0
3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone: has anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets	2.01	1	0	ether; flavonoids
farnesylacetic acid farnesylacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.11	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	3.43	7	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	1.97	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
2-(sec-butyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole 2-(sec-butyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole: volatile pheromone constituent of male mouse urine	1.99	1	0
4-oxopentanal 4-oxopentanal: an indoor pollutant; structure in first source. 4-oxopentanal : A ketoaldehyde that is pentanal substituted by an oxo group at position 4.	7.84	3	0	ketoaldehyde	metabolite
epsilon-n-methyllysine epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.	2.06	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	2.21	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	metabolite
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	7.63	2	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
aromadendrene aromadendrene: do not confuse with aromadendrin	2.42	2	0	sesquiterpenoid
3-hydroxyglutaric acid 3-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 3 hydroxy carboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a diagnostic marker for glutaric aciduria type I.	2.05	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	3.06	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	2.52	2	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.39	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
cholesterol alpha-oxide cholesterol alpha-oxide: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,6alpha)-isomer; structure	2.02	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; epoxy steroid; oxysterol
lilial [no description available]	2.11	1	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	1.98	1	0
menthofuran menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.11	1	0	1-benzofurans; monoterpenoid	nematicide; plant metabolite
piperitenone piperitenone: structure given in first source	2.47	2	0	p-menthadien-3-one
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	1.98	1	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.21	1	0
arabinose [no description available]	2.02	1	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.01	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	2.06	1	0	D-galacturonic acid
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	3.8	11	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.59	2	0
puromycin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.06	1	0	cellotriose
(+)-delta-cadinene delta-cadinene: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. delta-cadinene : A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (position 8a).. (+)-delta-cadinene : A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer).	2.13	1	0	cadinene; delta-cadinene
limonene-1,2-epoxide limonene-1,2-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide : The (R)-enantiomer of limonene 1,2-epoxide.	3.15	5	0	limonene 1,2-epoxide
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
alpha-copaene alpha-copaene: from Olea europaea; structure in first source. alpha-copaene : A sesquiterpene that is tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-3-ene bearing an isopropyl substituent at position 8 and two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 3 (the 1S,6S,7S,8S-diastereomer).	2.25	1	0
patchouli alcohol patchouli alcohol: major component of the essential oil of patchouli; perfumery raw material. patchouli alcohol : A carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.0(3,8)]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer).	2.03	1	0
naringin [no description available]	7.58	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
pulegone pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.	3.99	12	0	p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one
rotundifolone rotundifolone: structure in first source	7.78	3	0	oxacycle
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.13	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	9.72	1	1	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.04	1	0
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	tetritol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	1.96	1	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.45	7	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.04	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	7.5	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.98	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	3.5	2	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.15	1	0	cyclodextrin
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.52	2	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.36	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	10.28	9	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	2.46	2	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	7.05	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.97	4	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.	3.32	6	0	polyprenyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.11	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
lycopene [no description available]	3.8	3	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.	2.46	2	0	geranylgeranyl diphosphate	mouse metabolite
colfosceril palmitate colfosceril palmitate: used in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema; component of Exosurf. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.	2.31	1	0	1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 32:0	mouse metabolite; surfactant
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.04	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
spathulenol spathulenol: sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. & Artemisia dracunculus L.. spathulenol : A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7.	2.77	3	0
isopiperitenol isopiperitenol: structure given in first source	2	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	volatile oil component
vulgarone b vulgarone B: sesquiterpene ketone antifungal constituent in the steam-distilled fraction of Artemisia douglasiana; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
isobornyl acrylate isobornyl acrylate: causes contact dermatitis in some individuals; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	8.74	10	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
pichtosin pichtosin: contains mainly isobornyl acetate	1.96	1	0
anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.	8.69	9	0	anethole	flavouring agent
geraniol [no description available]	4.18	16	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.42	2	0	isomethyleugenol
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	4.94	35	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
beta-ionone beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.77	3	0	ionone	antioxidant; fragrance
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	1.98	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	4.01	3	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,4-diphenylbutadiene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	styrenes
mintlactone mintlactone: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	2.31	1	0
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.42	2	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.89	3	0	diphosphate ion
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	7.02	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	2.52	2	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	7.78	85	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	7.41	2	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.	2.1	1	0	isoeugenol	plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	9.07	4	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	3.59	2	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
Jasmone jasmone: RN refers to (Z)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	cyclic ketone
geranyl acetate geranyl acetate: constituted about 90% of the palmarosa oil. geranyl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol.	2.85	3	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
geranylacetone geranyl acetone : A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including Nelumbo nucifera.	2.7	3	0	monoterpene ketone	flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.	2.01	1	0	coumarins; monoterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary
caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.	3.81	10	0	epoxide	metabolite
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.21	2	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
longifolene longifolene: from plant products; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,3abeta,4alpha,8abeta))-isomer; structure given in first source	7.31	1	0	longifolene
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.1	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.06	1	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	3.1	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	7.04	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.95	4	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	2.15	1	0
nadp [no description available]	2.42	2	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.78	10	0
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.	5.42	6	0	1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
quinine [no description available]	3.8	1	1	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.46	2	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3	4	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	9.81	7	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.05	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	11.47	7	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.38	2	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.32	6	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
luteolin [no description available]	3.8	1	1	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.53	2	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.95	4	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
rosin rosin: Resin from plant. Do not confuse with the specific compound: 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-(E)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, also know as rosin.	3.83	3	0
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.75	3	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	3.79	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
petroselinic acid petroselinic acid: isomer of oleic acid in parsley seeds; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; NM refers to (Z)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6974. petroselinic acid : The cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid.	2.05	1	0	octadec-6-enoic acid	plant metabolite
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.99	4	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
2-hexenal, z-isomer 2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices.	2.51	2	0	2-hexenal	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
canthaxanthin Canthaxanthin: A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.. canthaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.	3.1	1	0	carotenone	biological pigment; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fungal metabolite
cryptoxanthins Cryptoxanthins: Mono-hydroxylated xanthophylls formed from the hydroxylation of BETA-CAROTENE. Isomers include: beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-cryptoxanthin, and zeinoxanthin. The alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin are provitamin A precursors.. beta-cryptoxanthin : A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges.	2.21	1	0	carotenol	antioxidant; biomarker; plant metabolite; provitamin A
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	2.06	1	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).	3.53	8	0	acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent
geranylgeraniol (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.11	1	0	geranylgeraniol
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	2.08	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
alpha-farnesene alpha-farnesene: structure given in first source. alpha-farnesene : A farnesene that is 1,3,6,10-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 respectively.. farnesene : A sesquiterpene that is any of the four possible isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene (alpha-farnesene) or of the two possible isomers of 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene.	4.14	4	0	alpha-farnesene
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	4.97	10	0	alpha-humulene
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	7.02	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
isonovalal isonovalal: structure in first source. (2E)-5-isopropyl-2-methylhexa-2,5-dienal : A hexadienal that is hexa-2,5-dienal substituted by a an isopropyl group at position 5 and a methy group at position 2 (the 2E-stereoisomer).	2.04	1	0	hexadienal
alpha-ionone alpha-ionone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2	1	0	enone; ionone; methyl ketone
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	1.98	1	0	stilbenoid
monolinolein monolinolein: inactivates or inhibits African Swine Fever virus. rac-1-monolinoleoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol that is composed of equal amounts of 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol.	2.79	3	0	1-acylglycerol 18:2; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	antiviral agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.17	1	0	hydrochloride
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	2.05	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
beta-farnesene beta-farnesene: structure given in first source	2.95	4	0	beta-farnesene
andrographolide [no description available]	7.31	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
nerolidol nerolidol: sesquiterpene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; nerol is also available. nerolidol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent.. (6Z)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a cis-configuration.	3.8	10	0	nerolidol
beta-ocimene beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer).	4.04	13	0	beta-ocimene	plant metabolite
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	9.81	30	0
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.72	3	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.96	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	3.13	4	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
ethyl oleate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite
musk musk: pure essence from secretion of preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus L.	2.11	1	0	macrolide
alloocimene alloocimene: representative of carotenoid polyenes; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-triene : An ocimene that consists of octa-2,4,6-triene bearing methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 (the 4E,6E-isomer).	2.21	1	0	ocimene	semiochemical
germacrene d germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7	4.23	16	0
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.07	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.08	1	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.7	3	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	2	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.45	2	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.66	2	0
lavandulol lavandulol: defensive pheromone of the red-lined carrion beetle and additive in perfumes; structure in first source. lavandulol : A monoterpenoid alcohol that is hepta-1-5-diene which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. It is commonly found in lavender oil.	2.41	1	0	lavandulol
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	2.08	1	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
gedunin gedunin: isolated from neem (Azadirachta indica); structure in first source. gedunin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata.	2.01	1	0	limonoid
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.47	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
bisabolol bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation	2.8	3	0
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.52	2	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.08	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.02	1	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
pinocamphone pinocamphone: RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 alpha, 5 alpha)-isomer	2.01	1	0	monoterpenoid
cadinol cadinol: from callus cultures of Chamomilla recutita (Asteraceae)	2.08	1	0
cedrene cedrene: major constituent of cedarwood oil. cedr-8-ene : A sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9.	2.1	1	0	bridged compound; carbotricyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene	human urinary metabolite; volatile oil component
isomenthone isomenthone: from the essential oil of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.)	7.5	2	0	isomenthone
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.98	1	0	polyterpene
salannin salannin: from seeds of neem tree, Azadirachta indica; inhibits 20-monooxygenase; structure given in first source. salannin : A limonoid with insecticidal activity isolated from Azadirachta indica.	3.9	12	0	acetate ester; furans; limonoid; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antifeedant; insect growth regulator; plant metabolite
n-acetyl-s-farnesylcysteine N-acetyl-S-farnesylcysteine: inhibits prenyl-cysteine carboxyl methyl transferases	1.98	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
isopentenol isopentenol : An enol that is 3-methylbut-1-ene in which one of the terminal hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.41	1	0	enol
pseudopteroxazole pseudopteroxazole: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	tetralins	metabolite
beta-escin [no description available]	4.02	2	1
beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration.	3.26	5	0	beta-elemene	antineoplastic agent
bornyl acetate [no description available]	3.2	5	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.97	4	0	borneol
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	7.08	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.21	1	0	penicillanic acids
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
valencene valencene: structure in first source. (+)-valencene : A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene which is substituted a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 3 and by methyl groups at positions 4a and 5 (the 3R,4aS,5R- diastereoisomer).	2.47	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.01	4	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
zeolites [no description available]	2.59	2	0
epoxybergamottin epoxybergamottin: from grapefruit peel; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	psoralens
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	3.44	1	1
4-hydroxy-n-desmethyltamoxifen 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen: metabolite of tamoxifen in human bile	2.08	1	0	stilbenoid
beta-bisabolene (S)-beta-bisabolene : A beta-bisabolene which has (1S)-configuration.. beta-bisabolene : A bisabolene that is cyclohexene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a 6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl group at position 4.	2.51	2	0	beta-bisabolene
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	7.08	1	0
allocyathin b2 allocyathin B2: structure in first source	2	1	0
amorpha-4,11-diene amorpha-4,11-diene: a precursor to the antimalarial drug artemisinin	2.03	1	0	octahydronaphthalenes; sesquiterpene
laurenditerpenol laurenditerpenol: from the tropical marine alga Laurenciaintricata; potently inhibits HIF-1 mediated hypoxic signaling in breast tumor cells; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (z)-(1rs)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate: used as an insecticide agent. (Z)-(1S)-cis-tefluthrin : A 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.	2.17	1	0	2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.76	3	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	3.81	3	0
azadiradione azadiradione: structure in first source. azadiradione : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 4,4,8-trimethylandrosta-1,14-diene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 16, an acetoxy group at position 7 and a furan-3-yl group at position 17. Isolated from Azadirachta indica, it exhibits antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.15	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; furans; limonoid; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antimycobacterial drug; plant metabolite
santalol santalol: combination of alpha and beta isomers	7.07	1	0
conophthorin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	ketal
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	3	4	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.6	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.52	2	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.46	2	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	3.46	1	1
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	4.28	2	1
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	3.16	5	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.99	4	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.85	3	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	1.98	1	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.4	2	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.25	1	0
1,2,4-trioxane 1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
azadirachtin b azadirachtin B: structure in first source. azadirachtin B : A member of the class of azadirachtin found in the neem tree, Azadirachta indica.	2.44	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	4.66	7	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.54	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	2.15	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
potassium bromate potassium bromate: used as bread improver	2.08	1	0	bromate salt; potassium salt	flour treatment agent
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	1.98	1	0
dahlia Dahlia: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains antifungal plant defensin.. Hoffman's violet : A hydrochloride obtained by combining Hoffman's violet free base with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A specific stain for animal chromosomes.	2.11	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.42	2	0
tylosin [no description available]	2.13	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.74	3	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	7.06	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.55	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.15	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.15	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.73	3	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.81	3	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	7.1	1	0	peptide
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.41	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.43	2	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	3.15	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.52	2	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.41	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	4.34	4	1
sorbitan monolaurate sorbitan monolaurate: span type materials are artificial esters of the common fatty acids & hexitol anhydrides derived from sorbitol	2.04	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.41	2	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.41	1	0
2-methylisoborneol 2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).	7.07	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.41	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.4	2	0
perlite Perlite: siliceous volcanic rock composed of silicon dioxide & aluminum oxide	3.44	1	1
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.6	1	0
neopterin [no description available]	2.1	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.63	2	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.17	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.1	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	2.4	2	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
clozapine n-oxide clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	dibenzodiazepine
carthamine carthamine: composed of two chalcones; from Carthamus tinctorius; the conjugated bonds cause a red color; derived from precarthamin by a decarboxylase; do not confuse with carthamidin	2.31	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.78	3	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.97	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.23	5	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.79	28	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.23	5	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	7.72	2	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	9.68	57	3
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	9.68	57	3
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	3.3	5	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	2.41	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.95	4	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.18	5	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	2.59	2	0
Nail Fungus [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.	2.41	1	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	7.41	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	7.87	3	0
Lassitude [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	2.41	1	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Indigestion [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	4.72	1	1
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	9.72	1	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.41	1	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.69	2	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.41	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	3.33	5	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	3.33	5	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	4.31	10	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	4.31	10	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	4.31	10	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.44	2	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	2.53	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.02	14	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	8.67	14	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	8.67	14	4
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.52	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.77	15	2
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	7.77	15	2
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.07	4	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	2.6	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.57	2	0
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	2.76	2	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.59	2	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	7.72	2	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.72	2	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.6	1	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	3.93	2	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	4.36	6	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	4.49	5	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	4.36	6	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	4.49	5	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.6	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	7.68	13	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	7.68	13	1
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	2.6	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.6	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.6	1	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.21	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	2.21	1	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	2.21	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.54	2	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	7.66	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.29	6	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	6.33	14	1
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	2.25	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.25	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	3.77	3	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	8.77	3	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.91	2	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.91	2	1
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	7.25	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.57	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	2.25	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.25	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.31	7	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.31	7	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.41	7	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	3.84	11	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	3.84	11	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.75	3	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.13	5	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.54	2	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	3.2	5	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	3.2	5	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.66	2	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.31	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.31	1	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	7.31	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.31	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Ache [description not available]	7.76	3	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.61	2	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.76	3	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	3.23	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.15	1	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	7.15	1	0
Glue Abuse [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Acne Rosacea [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).	2.15	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	3.46	2	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.17	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	3.43	2	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	3.43	2	0
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	2.17	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	3.03	4	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.8	3	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.17	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	2.17	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.54	2	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.53	2	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	7.53	2	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.77	3	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	6	7	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.21	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.21	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hypolipoproteinemia [description not available]	3	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	4.91	8	1
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.08	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	8.47	1	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	7.08	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.08	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.	2.42	2	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.39	7	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.39	7	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	4.06	3	0
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.1	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.72	3	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	5.93	14	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	5.93	14	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.11	1	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	3.03	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.13	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	7.11	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	2.13	1	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	2.13	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.8	3	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.71	3	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.8	3	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.13	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.13	1	0
Acne [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.15	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.68	3	0
Amentia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	2.05	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	7.05	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	5.84	10	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	5.84	10	0
Anasarca [description not available]	4.09	3	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	4.09	3	1
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.05	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.06	1	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	3.44	1	1
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.07	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	7.07	1	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.07	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	3.84	2	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	3.84	2	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	3.45	1	1
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.07	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.71	3	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.44	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.5	8	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	4.29	7	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.01	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	7.01	1	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	7.4	2	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.01	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.01	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	3.79	2	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.82	4	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2.01	1	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	3.6	9	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	3.6	9	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	2.02	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	2.02	1	0
Acariasis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.43	2	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	2.94	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.03	1	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	3.78	2	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	3.78	2	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	3.47	8	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.37	2	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	5.93	18	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.37	2	0
Hives [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	1.96	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	6.98	1	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	2.38	2	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.39	2	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	1.99	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.68	3	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.37	1	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.67	3	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	1.99	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	1.99	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	2	1	0
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.	2	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2	1	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	4.05	3	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	1.98	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	1.98	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	1.97	1	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	1.97	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	1.97	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	3.36	1	1
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	3.36	1	1
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	1.97	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	1.97	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	1.97	1	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.96	1	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	1.96	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Drooling [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	1.96	1	0
Sialorrhea Increased salivary flow.	1.96	1	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	1.96	1	0

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Occurs in Manufacturing (205 Product(s))

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limonene

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (178)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (205 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (14)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (124)

Molecular Functions (34)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (4)

Research

Studies (1,468)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 81.90

Study Types

Related Drugs (801)

Related Conditions (324)